Passive transfer of living lymph node cells from donor rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) to normal isologous recipients caused clinical signs of EAE after 3 to 7 days. Large doses of cells, or adrenalectomy of recipients, advanced the onset of clinical disease to 2 days after transfer. The combination of large doses of cells and adrenalectomy of recipients reduced the incubation period to 24 hr. There was an exponential relationship between dose of cells and incubation period in adrenalectomized recipients, possibly reflecting mitotic division of donor cells during the latent period.
 Lesions of EAE produced by passive transfer localized in and around areas of the brain damaged by cyanide, as has been reported previously for EAE produced by active sensitization. Donor cells immunized against either isologous or heterologous central nervous system (CNS) antigens were effective. Localization was best when the cyanide was administered 1 to 4 days before the transfer. EAE was not produced when heat-killed encephalitogenic cells or living, stimulated but non-encephalitogenic cells were injected into cyanide-treated recipients, even when nonencephalitogenic cells were combined with serum from rats with EAE. Cyanide damage lowered the threshold for passively transferred EAE, probably due to reduction of the blood-brain barrier and/or increased accessibility of CNS antigens. Brain lesions caused by passive transfer of EAE to cyanide-treated recipients were detectable at 6 hr, well developed at 10 hr and maximal at 24 hr. This rate of lesion development was similar to that reported by others for development of delayed hypersensitivity reactions following passive transfer of tuberculin sensitized cells and separate, simultaneous injection of tuberculin. Because transferred cells are temporarily retained in the pulmonary filter, and because this obstacle was not overcome by injection into the carotid artery, it is likely that these results are close to the presently attainable limit for speed of detection of passive transfer of EAE.


A device for indicating a definite direction, comprising a screen located in front and a screen located behind, which comprise opaque lines (3) separated by transparent interstices (4), whereby a moire pattern arises when the device is viewed. The screens (8, 9) have different division. The opaque lines (3) have the same width in both screens (8, 9). According to the invention the device is characterized in that one of the screens (9) is provided with only one opaque line less than the other of the screens (8), that in said one screen the width of a transparent interstice plus the width of an opaque line (3) is greater than or about equal to 1,5 times the width of the opaque line, but smaller than 1,9 times said width, preferably 1,5 times to 1,8 times the width of the opaque line. The two screens, further, are positioned symmetrically in relation to each other so that a central opaque line of one of the screens symmetrically overlaps a central transparent interstice of the other screen. Hereby a moire pattern with only one, relatively narrow interference strip is obtained, which is placed symmetrically over the screen surface.


Search User Interfaces (SUIs) are the gateway between a user with a task to complete and the tremendous amount of data accessible on the web. Designing SUIs is therefore essential to ensure web acc ...


In the powerful conclusion to Matthew's apocalyptic discourse, reward and punishment are made to depend on what is done, or not done, for "these least" (25:45; cf. v. 40). No reference is made to a need for faith in order to withstand the coming judgment. The implication in this passage of a "righteousness by works" has made it a favourite with humanitarian causes, such as Oxfam and Amnesty International, as well as with liberation theologians. How responsible is such a reading of the text? An initial response might be that a humanistic understanding of the passage ignores its contextualization in Matthew's gospel. But this is not the end of the matter. Tensions in the narrative indicate that the evangelist has taken over and adapted earlier traditions. Moreover, the possibility cannot be excluded that some form of the parable of the sheep and the goats goes back to Jesus himself. Does our modern interest in this passage find support in attitudes of Jesus which have been obscured by later ecclesiastical c...


The bioactive compound have to be extracted from the marine sponge Spirastrella inconstans for treatment against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which were isolated from the chronic wound of fisherman community of east and west coastal villages of India. About 100 MRSA strains were isolated from the pus samples and confirmed using standard biochemical tests. Since those strains developed resistance to almost all type of antibiotics, alternative bioactive compounds are needed for the treatment. Spirastrella inconstans was selected in which the crude bioactive compound were extracted by solvent extraction method. The antimicrobial activity was performed using agar well cutting and paper disc diffusion methods, in which chloroform extract was the most active compared to that of other solvents, with a maximum of 30 mm diameter of zone of inhibition. That crude extract protein was estimated by using Lowry's method. The protein was precipitated using ammonium sulphate precipitation method and purified using dialysis. The purified protein was found to be of 3,000 Da molecular weight by SDS-PAGE, it can be used for the treatment of wound infection though the structural and molecular elucidations need to be done in the future.


The invention relates to a colorless nano-silver sol preparation and preservation method utilizing a cryogenic technology. The method comprises the steps that 1, raw materials including silver are added into water, uniform mixing is conducted to obtain a water solution of the raw materials including the silver, and freezing and smashing are conducted to obtain an iced blend of the raw materials including the silver; 2, a reducing agent is added into water, uniform mixing is conducted to obtain a water solution including the reducing agent, and freezing and smashing are conducted to obtain an iced blend including the reducing agent; 3, the iced blend of the raw materials including the silver obtained in step 1 and the iced blend including the reducing agent obtained in step 2 are mixed and grinded to obtain ice crystals including nano-silver; 4, the ice crystals including nano-silver obtained in step 3 are preserved. The colorless nano-silver sol preparation and preservation method utilizing the cryogenic technology has the advantages that pyroreaction, a separation process, a protective agent and a dispersing agent are all omitted, and the obtained nano-silver is small in crystal nucleus, and high in activity, purity and safety.


cooperation. There are really two groups of interests. The United States should retain freedom of action in Caribbean problems which are primarily her problems, and in which the South American nations are only distantly concerned. Although the discussion covering so wide a field is not exhaustive, it ought to serve a valuable purpose in awakening and directing American attention to the importance of foreign relations—and especially relations with Caribbean neighbors which through the primacy and dominance of the United States in both their export and import trade are already feeling the steady increase of American influence. The book is both authoritative and readable. It is well supplied with footnote references and also has an appended bibliography of recent discussions relating to the Caribbean. It also has a good index. While practically free from inaccuracies, there are occasional statements which may appear extravagant. The assertion that the Clayton Bulwer convention was "received with little criticism in the United States until after the Civil War" needs considerable modification (p. 219). Professor Jones has a good grasp of his subject, and a perspective which enables him to view the problems of future policy without provincial or partisan prejudices. JAMES MORTON CALLAHAN.


The Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a key contributor to cancer metastasis and morbidity. During this process, epithelial cells acquire migratory and stem-like characteristics, which allow them to travel through vasculature and form distant metastases in a secondary organ site via the reverse process of MET. Initially thought of as a binary process, it is now well established that cells can be stably arrested en route to EMT in an intermediate hybrid state (H) with characteristics falling on a spectrum between the epithelial (E) and mesenchymal (M) phenotypes. This non-transient intermediate state is stabilized by phenotypic stability factors and is associated with more tumor aggressiveness, worse treatment response, and patient outcomes. Although abundant time-course single-cell RNA sequencing data exists, enabling dynamical single-cell analysis of EMT, current methods of EMT state inference are optimized on microarray data. Thus, there is a large need for a computational framework that infers and predicts the E, H, and M fractions at transient and steady states from single-cell RNA sequencing data. Here, we introduce a fully stochastic continuous-time Markov model to predict the dynamics of EMT transitions from time-course data. We fit our continuous-time model on a multi-replicate time-course flow cytometry data of MCF10A cell line where TGF is withdrawn at different days following treatment for each replicate. We then demonstrate that our model is extendable to time-course single-cell RNA sequencing data utilizing a novel data-driven pipeline. Our data-driven pipeline infers the three E, H, and M trajectories from time-dependent and dose-dependent single-cell RNA sequencing data. We confirm our trajectories accurately reflect the E, H, and M states via gene-set enrichment analysis. We find the fraction of cells in each state at stationary distribution using our data-driven pipeline and show that they match the predictions of a previous simulation study. By applying the stochastic model to time-course single-cell RNA sequencing trajectories of four cancer cell lines (A549, MCF7, OVCA420, and DU145), we show that the stochastic model accurately predicts context-specific EMT dynamics over time. Our model is the first RNA sequencing-based method for tracking EMT from longitudinal data at the single-cell resolution and therefore is of immediate utility for studying metastatic signatures in cancer.
 Citation Format: Annice Najafi, Mohit K. Jolly, Jason T. George. A stochastic data-driven model predicts the timing and distribution of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1231.


Nd^3+/Yb^3+ co-doped TiO_2-La_2O_3 glasses modified by ZrO_2 were fabricated by containerless method. Under the excitation of 980 nm lasers, three intense emissions centered at 521, 545, and 655 nm were observed, which are assigned to the Nd^3+; ^4 G _9/2 → ^4 I _9/2, ^4 G _7/2 → ^4 I _9/2, and ^4 G _7/2 → ^4 I _13/2 transitions, respectively. Besides, two very weak emission bands at 496 and 603 nm were also found due to the Nd^3+ transition of ^2 G _9/2 → ^4 I _9/2 and ^4 G _5/2 (or ^2 G _7/2) → ^4 I _9/2, respectively. Pumping powder dependence of emission intensity suggests a two-photon adsorption process responsible for the upconversion luminescence. A combined phonon-assisted and cooperative sensitization mechanism is presented to interpret the energy transfer from Yb^3+ to Nd^3+ ions. In addition, the highest intensity of luminescence was found for the glass with 1.2 mol% Nd^3+, and the upconversion efficiency can be enhanced by increasing of ZrO_2 content.


A novel pyrrolidine-based chiral phosphoproline is an effective bifunctional organocatalyst for the asymmetric Michael addition of ketones to nitroolefins giving high levels of diastereo- and enantio-selectivities (up to > 99 : 1 dr and 96% ee). anti-SR Transition state has the lowest barrier which controls the stereoselectivity, in agreement with experimental results.


This two-part series of papers reports on the development of a worsted fabric expert system that provides guidelines for engineering worsted fabrics. Part II describes a neural network model for predicting fabric properties based on fiber, yam, and fabric constructional parameters. An evaluation of the model shows very good agreement between the predicted and generally accepted trends of the effects of various fiber, yarn, and fabric parameters on several important fabric properties such as seam slip page, wrinkle performance, abrasion resistance, shear rigidity, bending rigidity and thickness. The predicted values of many of these fabric properties are also in good agreement with the experimental values.


Using fluorescence spectrometry, the fluorescence spectra of binary complexes of LMX-Cu(Ⅱ) and LMX-DNA, and ternary complexes of LMX-Cu(Ⅱ)-DNA were studied. The results show that the fluorescence intensity of LMX can be quenched in the presence of Cu(Ⅱ) or DNA in LMX system. Based on the change of the fluorescence intensity, the binding constants of LMX-Cu(Ⅱ), LMX-DNA and LMX-Cu(Ⅱ)-DNA,and the numbers of binding site were calculated. The result is that the presence of Cu(Ⅱ) with different concentrations have different effects on the binding of LMX and DNA, and it offers a direction for study on the sterilization mechanism of LMX.


OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology for Huangshen electuary.METHODS:In this experiment the optimum extraction technology for Huangshen electuary was investigated by the L9(34) orthogonal test with the content of Astragaloside Ⅳ as technology index.The effects of three factors including the extraction times,time length of extraction and solvent ratio were investigated.RESULTS:The best extraction technology for Huangshen electuary was as follows:the solid-liquid ratio was 1∶10 and the decoction was carried out for 3 times(2 hours/time).CONCLUSION:The optimum extraction technology for Huangshen electuary is stable and feasible.


We demonstrate 260 GHz (λ=1.15 mm) near field imaging using a conical Teflon probe whose tip protrudes through an aperture in a tapered aluminum holder. The imaging system is based on a quasioptical millimeter wave vector network analyzer. We present a variety of different imaging examples of dielectrics and metals, in both reflection and transmission modes, as well as an analysis of interesting diffraction and scattering effects observed in some of the images. The probe has an approximate tip diameter of 0.17 mm and an aperture size of about 1 mm. We observe horizontal resolution ranging from 0.2–0.5 mm depending on the sample being imaged.


activities in unemployment compensation, and the state and local organization of public assistance and general relief. When he discusses workmen's compensation, he not only describes the system in Michigan but compares it with those in other states. This approach is characteristic of the way in which Mr. Tharp has covered his subject, so that, for example, in reading about the Michigan Crippled Children Commission one learns the administrative


Abstract : Nystagmic responses to a Coriolis stimulation were recorded from a human subject over a period of ten sessions of four stimuli each. The response can be approximated by simple negative exponential growth and decay functions. Repeated exposure results in a reduction of the subject's sensitivity to the stimulus. At the same time the dynamic characteristics of the system mediating the response change so as to provide a more rapid recovery from the stimulus. Both of these changes are beneficial to a pilot, as they improve his resistance to some forms of spatial disorientation. (Author)


dose-response relationship between moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity physical activity and all-cause mortality risk in "insufficiently active weekend warriors" who reported 1 or 2 sessions per week but did not meet physical activity guidelines of at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or at least 75 minutes per week of vigorousintensity aerobic activity. We did observe a linear trend when investigating total physical activity of any intensity. We concluded that some of the health benefits might be explained by nonexercise activity, such as light-intensity walking. More than 40% of the weekend warriors were in desk-bound occupations, and we would suggest that participation in sport and exercise at the weekend is enough to increase cardiorespiratory fitness and to reduce the mortality risk associated with the sedentary lifestyle of Western societies. We thank Lam and colleagues for their letter too. They suggested that air pollution was subject to geographical variation and that air pollution was a relevant confounding variable. We did not adjust for air pollution; however, the available evidence suggests that air pollution is only related to lung cancer mortality.2 Lam and colleagues also suggested that treatment availability was subject to geographical variation and that treatment availability was also a pertinent confounding variable. There is some evidence of a North-South divide in health care in the United Kingdom; however, socioeconomic factors may explain differences in physical activity3 and other exposures and outcomes.4,5 Compared with the inactive participants in our study, the hazard ratio for cancer mortality was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.66-0.94) in the regularly active and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.63-1.06) in the weekend warriors after adjustment for age, sex, smoking habit, longstanding illness, and socioeconomic status (the regularly active reported ≥150 minutes/wk in moderate-intensity aerobic activity or ≥75 minutes/wk in vigorousintensity aerobic activity from ≥3 sessions; the weekend warriors reported the same amounts of activity per week from 1 or 2 sessions). Lam and colleagues mentioned a clustering effect in our subsample. The core sample is weighted so that it might be representative of the population living in private households.6 When we have weighted the subsample, it has had little bearing on the association between physical activity and mortality.


Bats have received considerable recent attention for infectious disease research because of their potential to host and transmit viruses, including Ebola, Hendra, Nipah, and multiple coronaviruses. These pathogens are occasionally transmitted from bats to wildlife, livestock, and to humans, directly or through other bridging (intermediate) hosts. Due to their public health relevance, zoonotic viruses are a primary focus of research attention. In contrast, other emerging pathogens of bats, such as bacteria, are vastly understudied despite their ubiquity and diversity. Here, we describe the currently known host ranges and geographic distributional patterns of potentially zoonotic bacterial genera in bats, using published presence-absence data of pathogen occurrence. We identify apparent gaps in our understanding of the distribution of these pathogens on a global scale. The most frequently detected bacterial genera in bats are Bartonella, Leptospira, and Mycoplasma. However, a wide variety of other potentially zoonotic bacterial genera are also occasionally found in bats, such as Anaplasma, Brucella, Borrelia, Coxiella, Ehrlichia, Francisella, Neorickettsia, and Rickettsia. The bat families Phyllostomidae, Vespertilionidae, and Pteropodidae are most frequently reported as hosts of bacterial pathogens; however, the presence of at least one bacterial genus was confirmed in all 15 bat families tested. On a spatial scale, molecular diagnostics of samples from 58 countries and four overseas departments and island states (French Guiana, Mayotte, New Caledonia, and Réunion Island) reported testing for at least one bacterial pathogen in bats. We also identified geographical areas that have been mostly neglected during bacterial pathogen research in bats, such as the Afrotropical region and Southern Asia. Current knowledge on the distribution of potentially zoonotic bacterial genera in bats is strongly biased by research effort towards certain taxonomic groups and geographic regions. Identifying these biases can guide future surveillance efforts, contributing to a better understanding of the ecoepidemiology of zoonotic pathogens in bats.


Apart from computers sitting in consulting rooms, most GPs' desks and doctor's bags include an array of fairly old-fashioned medical equipment such as stethoscopes, auroscopes, and peak flow meters. For instance, the Wright Peak Flow meter was first introduced in the 1970s, and it seems many of the technological advances of the 21st century have largely bypassed diagnostic testing in general practice.

GPs are often reminded of this after patients have been referred to hospital, where within a very short period of time, they receive numerous blood tests, imaging investigations, and rapid pathology. But GPs do have good access to almost all of the same blood tests that are available to hospital settings, indeed the numbers of blood tests performed in general practice has increased dramatically in recent years. Much of this increase is driven by guidelines to screen more patients and monitor them more frequently,1 and additional factors include diagnostic uncertainty, patient anxiety, and litigation, among others.

This is not to downplay the key role that history and examination plays in directing further clinical assessment, but many symptoms and signs are insufficient to rule in or rule out particular diagnoses, or to monitor patients with chronic diseases.

Technological advances in diagnostic tests that are found in hospitals are now poised to appear in primary care. Many of these advances have occurred because of the speed, size and range of devices that can provide accurate measurements of a wide range of biochemical, …


In this paper, a discrete state-feedback controller is applied to control the current in power LEDs by using a buck converter. Sufficient conditions for the existence of the controller are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) with D-stability theory. In order to consider the specific closed-loop dynamics of the closed-loop LED driver, the genetic algorithm (GA) technique is applied, as a complement of the D-stability theory. Therefore, the proposed GA technique is used to search offline the optimal closed-loop eigenvalues to have a desired response of the closed-loop system, subject to a proposed cost function equation. The main contribution of this work is the design and the experimental validation of both the state-feedback controller and the GA to achieve the desired closed-loop dynamics of the LED-driver system. Finally, simulations and experimental results are done in order to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.


Recently, females have become participated in working life more frequently and achieved so many successes. While the female participation in working life has recently risen, comparing with the male workers the rate of women in labour market is still stay in quite low levels. Compared with men, women also face always more problems in working life. Looking at the questions those women meet in all over the world, it could be seen that those problems are similar. Women in Turkey also have so many problems in working life and in securing their rights. In that paper, we intend to present the problems that the female passenger service officers face in working life. For that purpose, we have interviewed with 20 female passenger service officers. Analysis of those interviews presents the following difficulties for female officers: hardship for working in shifts, low wages, gender discrimination during recruitment and shift in duties, negative effect of domestic works on workplace performance, insecure work, mobbing, unfavourable perception in society about female employees


Modular Multi-level Converters (M2LCs) are usually controlled with PWM based schemes to minimize circulating currents but at the expense of increased complexity of a controller and switching losses. A new approach that uses a modified conventional M2LC topology to minimize circulating currents as well as variations in capacitor voltages is proposed. The proposed technique incorporates a low power rated module, referred to as Voltage Correcting Module (VCM), into each arm of the converter to compensate for the voltage difference in capacitors and the dc-bus. The proposed solution simplifies the control, allows for the operation at lower switching frequency and is unaffected by the number of modules of the converter. The paper describes the simplified control concept and demonstrates its validity through simulated performance of a three-phase five-level, 2 MVA M2LC system. A comparison with a conventional topology is also carried-out to show the improved performance of the proposed topology.


COVID-19 and SARS are two major infectious diseases that broke out in mainland China in the 21st century. Wild animals are hosts of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV. But in many areas of mainland China, there are traditional customs of eating game. Through online questionnaire survey, this paper finds that there are still many defects in the cognition, attitude, consumption habits and behaviors of Chinese mainland residents to game. Moreover, there are significant differences in cognition, attitude, consumption habits and behavior characteristics of game among residents of different genders, occupations and income levels in mainland China. It is important to point out that the civil servants and high-income groups of China show more deficiencies in the above aspects. In view of the problems found in the investigation, this paper puts forward relevant suggestions to prevent the risk of infectious diseases caused by eating game in mainland China.


This collection of six booklets presents the 2001-2002 programme of Articule gallery. The first booklet includes the exhibitions, activities and special projects (book launchings, Web projects, sound and performance, in situ exhibitions, fundraising events). The five other booklets document the exhibitions held in the main gallery space and in the media arts room. Texts in French and English. Biographical notes. 2 bibl. ref.


Objective: Endoglin (CD105) is an accessory receptor of TGF&bgr;, which is predominantly expressed in endothelial cells and is involved in proliferation and in angiogenesis processes. Indeed, mutations in the endoglin gene are responsible for hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, characterized by telangiectases in skin and mucosa and arteriovenous malformations in several organs. Microarrays analysis performed by our group in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) exposed to estradiol demonstrated an up-regulation of TGF&bgr; pathway and endoglin expression. Our objectives were to determine 1) the role of estrogen receptors (ER) in the regulation of endoglin expression by estradiol in HUVEC, and 2) the expression of endoglin in aortic tissue from an experimental murine model of menopause. Design and method: HUVEC were exposed to 0,1–10 nM of 17&bgr;-estradiol for 24 h in the absence or in the presence of or ICI 182780 (1 &mgr;M, unspecific antagonist of ER&agr; and ER&bgr;), and MPP (1 &mgr;M, ER&agr; antagonist). Female senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) were used as an experimental model of menopause which join ageing and lack of estrogens: 5 months-old SAM prone (SAMP8, n = 9) and SAM resistant (SAMR1, n = 9) were separated in three groups: sham-operated, ovariectomized and ovariectomized chronically-treated with estradiol. 28 days after surgery, mice were sacrificed and aorta was isolated. mRNA expression of endoglin was analyzed by qRT-PCR, and protein expression by immunoblotting. Results: In HUVEC, estradiol (1 nM) increased both endoglin mRNA and protein expression by 129 ± 11% and 133 ± 11%, respectively. This effect was abolished in the presence of ER antagonists ICI 182780 and MPP, suggesting an involvement of ER&agr; in endoglin expression. In aortic tissue from mice, not only the lack of estrogens affected endoglin expression, but also the ageing. Aorta from aged mice showed a decreased expression of endoglin and ovariectomy in this group did not affect this expression. However, in control mice, ovariectomy decreased endoglin expression and was reversed after estradiol treatment. Conclusions: Estradiol increases gene and protein expression of endoglin through ER&agr; in HUVEC. Both estradiol and ageing also regulate endoglin expression in aortic vascular tissue from a mouse model of menopause.


The protective effects of heat shock proteins (HSPs) during myocardial ischemia are now well documented, but little is known about the mechanisms of protection and the specificity of different HSPs. Because cytoskeletal injury plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of irreversible ischemic damage, we tested whether overexpression of specific HSPs protects the integrity of microtubules during simulated ischemia in rat neonatal cardiac myocytes. Overexpression of specific HSPs was achieved by adenovirus-mediated transgene expression. Damage was assessed by comparing control cells to cells that were subjected to a simulated ischemia protocol. Microtubular integrity was measured by indirect immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy, and image analysis. Within 14 h of simulated ischemia, microtubular integrity decreased significantly in uninfected myocytes (from 24.6 ± 1.2 to 13.2 ± 0.4) and in myocytes infected with a control virus that expressed no transgene (from 25.9 ± 1.8 to 13.1 ± 1.4). Microtubular integrity after ischemia was significantly better preserved in cells overexpressing constitutive Hsp70 (21.7 ± 1.6) or αB-crystallin (18.0 ± 2.7) but not in cells overexpressing inducible Hsp70 (11.5 ± 0.8) or Hsp27 (14.0 ± 2.2). We conclude that specific HSPs protect the microtubules during simulated cardiac ischemia.


Anti-racist theory draws attention to the socially constructed and contested nature of racial categories. This paper applies anti-racist theory to a case study of the 1922-3 Chinese students' strike in Victoria, British Columbia, and argues that school segregation was less about which schools students would attend and more about whether racialized Chinese people were part of, or could be part of, the imagined community of Canada as nation. Racialized discourse not only fixed "the Chinese" as outsiders to the imagined community, it also enacted colonialism by naturalizing the Anglo-European occupation of the territory of British Columbia. But there was also a significant group of Canadian-born Chinese in Victoria who had used provincially controlled schools to assimilate to dominant values and gain sufficient cultural capital to directly challenge racialized binaries. This group claimed "Canadianness" in their own right and staunchly resisted segregation. The intervention of Anglo-European anti-racists in the dispute further underlines the socially constructed and contested nature of racial categories. Finally, the more powerful fixing of Chinese as alien in Canada through the 1923 Chinese Immigration Act helps to explain the manner in which the students' strike came to close at the beginning of the 1923-4 school year.


Since platinum has a similar chemistry and atomic structure to nickel, platinum-based alloys are possible contenders for partial or complete substitution of nickel-based superalloys. Although the major disadvantages are high price and density, platinum-based alloys have many advantages, including excellent chemical and oxidation resistance and high strength at high temperatures. Since the melting point is higher than nickel, there is potential that Ptbased alloys can exhibit mechanical properties that surpass those of the nickel-based superalloys. Pt-modified coatings are already employed on turbine blades. These can be modified with the addition of different elements and various coating procedures can be used so that the coatings can complement different substrates. This chapter covers the basic properties of a range of Pt-based alloys and describes the different strengthening mechanisms that exist in these alloys, mainly through a structural approach. The oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance are also described. Further, new alloying additions and their effects on the structure and properties are identified. Nickel-based superalloys (NBSAs) have excellent mechanical properties due to precipitation strengthening. The microstructure comprises many small, strained-coherent, particles of the ' phase based on Ni3Al, in a softer matrix of the  phase, the solid solution (Ni) of nickel (Sims et al., 1987). The strengthening originates from dislocations being slowed down as they negotiate the small ordered ' particles. There are several mechanisms whereby a unit dislocation has to split into partial dislocations to pass through the ordered precipitates and then re-associate to pass into the random matrix. Each stage requires energy, thus slowing the dislocation movement and providing strengthening. The strengthening depends on the amount of interfacial boundary between the two phases, and is highest when the amount of boundary to be negotiated is highest. This occurs when there are many small precipitates densely distributed, comprising at least 70 vol. % in the alloy (Vattre et al., 2009). For NBSAs, these are usually cubic ' precipitates aligned on the {100} planes (Kear & Wilsdorf, 1962). Additionally, there is solid solution strengthening in the (Ni) matrix, as other elements are dissolved into the nickel, forming a random solid solution. The (Ni) strengthening depends mainly on the difference in elastic and bulk moduli between the Ni and solute atoms (Gypen & Deruyttere, 1981), as well as the size misfit, since each atom varies in size according to its atomic number. There are also bonding effects, all of which make it more difficult for the dislocations to pass.


Objective To construct the targeting Cbl-b gene short hairpin RNA(shRNA) eukaryotic plasmid expression vector,and to obtain the stable transfected MDA-MB-231 cell lines.Methods Cbl-b shRNA sequence and the control target sequences were chemically synthesized and inserted into pRNA-U6.1/Neo vector after annealing,which were confirmed by sequencing.Then the recombinant plasmids were transfected into MDA-MB-231 cells with lipofectin and the expression of Cbl-b was detected by Western blot.Results Cbl-b shRNA,and blank control template was sucessfully built on the pRNA-U6.1/Neo vector.Then the recombinant plasmids were successfully infected in MDA-MB-231 cells,and Cbl-b protein expression was down-regulated in MDA-MB-231/Cbl-b shRNA cells.Conclusion MDA-MB-231/Cbl-b shRNA breast cancer cells can be used for the study on the biological function of Cbl-b.


The vaccum system composition of PET plant in Urumqi Petrochemical Company were introduced,including EG circulation,booster pump and EJ spray.The factors that have effects on the vaccum system and the treatment for the loss vaccum of PET plant were discussed.After online modification,the product benefit of PET plant was improved obviously,the product high-grade rate can reach 99.7%.


ToT-ASIC2 is a new custom front-end application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to readout silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) and multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC) for time-of-flight positron emission tomography (ToF-PET). ToT-ASIC2 is a 64-channel ASIC fabricated using a commercial 0.25 μm CMOS process. Each channel has an input-current buffer that sends signals to the SLOW and FAST paths, which are used for incident radiation energy and timing information, respectively. Time-over-Threshold (ToT) signals from these paths are combined into one ToT signal to be output outside the ASIC. The power consumption is approximately 2.9 mW per channel. This study developed a detection system comprising an MPPC with coupled GAGG pixelated scintillators, a front-end board with ToT-ASIC2 and ToT-DAQ. Consequently, energy and timing measurement experiments were performed using this system to confirm the ToT-ASIC2 energy- and timing-resolving capability. Prototype positron emission tomography experiments with 22Na indicated an energy resolution of 6.7% for 511 keV with the coincidence timing resolution being 215 ps.


IEEE 802.11 control frames play important role in the wireless network. Among them are
the medium access control, the retrieving of bu ered frames in the Access Point, and the
acknowledgment of block of frames or certain types of frames. Despite their importance,
control frames remain vulnerable to forging, tampering, and replay attacks due to lack of
protection mechanisms. This work proposes a security scheme for IEEE 802.11 control
frames to prevent such attacks. Our proposal di ers from related work by providing
a high level of security in all modules along with low impact on network throughput.
Furthermore, the proposal avoid the weaknesses that they have in the restraint the replay
attacks and in the key generation and distribution process.


Propagation of free grower Girardinia Palmata (Forsk.) Gaud and method forming antitheft green fences are implemented by cultivating seedling cultivating shoot in clear water or shoot cutting to obtain plants for transplantation and by transplanting such plants around the yard, fruit garden, fish pond, farm land and yolf course. The advantages are simple and easy method, safety, capable of substituting for enclosing wall, wire netting and electrified wire netting, also capable of making environment green, conserving water and preventing soil erosion.


In this paper , we discuss Increasing of agriculture products is of importance so that research and development in this branch considers as one of the most important infrastructure which develops production growth. Technology has played a big role in developing the agricultural industry. Today it is possible to grow crops in a desert by use of agricultural biotechnology. With this technology, plants have been engineered to survive in drought conditions. Through genetic engineering scientists have managed to introduce traits into existing genes with a goal of making crops resistant to droughts and pests. Technology has turned farming into a real business, now farmers have electrified every process, a consumer can place an order directly online, and the product will be transported from the farm to the consumer in time when it's still fresh. This saves the farmer money and it cuts out mediators who tend to buy low from farmers and sell high to end consumers. Every farmer uses this technology in their own way. Some use it to create fertilizers, others use it to market their products, and others use it in production.


Secondly, studies have identified that within the language domain, the development of the lexicon (vocabulary) is less delayed than the development of morpho-syntax (grammar), that production of morpho-syntax is more delayed than comprehension, that pragmatics (skill in using language to communicate) is relatively good and that phonology (speech motor production), and therefore speech intelligibility, is relatively poor (Rosin, Swift, Bless and Vetter, 1988; Chapman, 1994; Fowler, 1995; Bray and Woolnough, 1988).


PURPOSE: An external reinforcement material for water tank, an external reinforcement frame for water tank, and an external reinforcement frame assembly are provided to maintain the strength of the water tank even if installing it only in the externals side of the water tank, thereby installation of inner reinforcement material is not need. CONSTITUTION: An external reinforcement frame for a water tank is combined by being formed into the same shape of a first reinforcement material and a second reinforcement material and faces each other. As the firs reinforcement material(300) and a second reinforcement material(400) are facing each other, a coupling member is filled and combined in a second coupling hole(331) having a second reinforcement surface of the first reinforcement material and a forth coupling hole(431) having a forth reinforcement surface(430) of the second reinforcement material. When the first reinforcement material and the second reinforcement material is combined as facing each other, c type shape feature is formed and a first lower part reinforcement material(500) and a second reinforcement material(600) is coupled in lower external side of a second reinforcement part(332) of the first reinforcement material and a forth reinforcement part(432) of the second reinforcement material as a coupling member.


Developing highly efficient and durable electrocatalysts toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an urgent demand to produce clean hydrogen energy. In this study, a series of medium‐entropy metal sulfides (MEMS) of (NiFeCoX)3S4 (where X = Mn, Cr, Zn) are synthesized by a facile one‐pot solvothermal strategy using molecular precursors. Benefiting from the multiple‐metal synergistic effect and the low crystallinity, these MEMS show significantly enhanced electrocatalytic OER activity compared with the binary‐metal (NiFe)3S4 and ternary‐metal (NiFeCo)3S4 counterparts. Especially, (NiFeCoMn)3S4 delivers a low overpotential of 289 mV at 10 mA cm−2, a decent Tafel slope of 75.6 mV dec−1 and robust catalytic stability in alkaline medium, outperforming the costly IrO2 benchmark electrocatalyst and the majority of the reported metal sulfide‐based electrocatalysts until now. These MEMS with facile synthesis and excellent electrocatalytic performance bring a great opportunity to design desirable electrocatalysts for practical application.


The invention discloses a semi-physical simulation experimental system for a quad-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle and an experimental method of the semi-physical simulation experimental system. The system is provided with the quad-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle. The quad-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle is arranged on a globe joint which is located at the top end of a three-degree-of-freedom aircraft rotary table and has universal performance; the geometric center of the quad-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle is provided with an airborne attitude sensor; the quad-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle comprises an airborne bottom layer control panel; the airborne attitude sensor and the airborne bottom layer control panel are respectively connected with a simulation controller system; and a virtual scene online display computer connected with the simulation controller system is also arranged. The method comprises the following steps of running Simulink software in a host machine by utilizing modules and controls in a Matlab real-time tool kit and building a block diagram of a model for the simulation controller system, wherein the model comprises four subsystems: a subsystem for reading airborne sensor data, a subsystem for generating the virtual displacement of the quad-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle, a flight control algorithm subsystem and a control command transmission and virtual display interface subsystem. According to the semi-physical simulation experimental system for the quad-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle and the experimental method of the semi-physical simulation experimental system disclosed by the invention, the development cycle can be greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the flight experimental cost is saved.


The red shift of the absorption spectrum of CO{sub 2} with increasing temperature, along with CO stabilization are the foundation of a process for direct solar reduction of CO{sub 2} to liquid fuels. The result is a process capable of using renewable solar energy to directly reduce CO{sub 2} from the atmosphere or stationary sources for recycle as a liquid fuel resulting in a net decrease in CO{sub 2} in the atmosphere and decreased demand on fossil fuel. The process includes in sequence: preparation of adequately pure CO{sub 2} feed; preheating CO{sub 2} to near 1,800 K; breaking the CO{sub 2} bonds to produce CO, O{sub 2} and O; quenching the hot product mix by rapid admixture with room temperature CO{sub 2}; removing excess thermal energy to produce electricity, heat new CO{sub 2} and enable subsequent process steps; removing the remaining CO{sub 2} from the gas; removing oxygen from the gas; converting part of the product CO to H{sub 2} by the shift reaction; and, finally, catalytically synthesizing methanol from the synthetic gas.


Aquifer tests of the Gallup Sandstone and associated units in the Yah-ta-hey well field have yielded values of transmissivity ranging from 250 to 40 feet squared per day and values of storage coefficient ranging from 5 x 10 to -4 10 . A 2 1/2-month aquifer test was conducted in the spring of 1976 to provide data to better refine these values. The results of the long-term aquifer test were simulated in a digita4 model. A transmissivity of 300 feet squared per day, storage coefficient of 10 , and vertical_Vdraulic conductivity of the overlying Crevasse Canyon Formation of less than 10 feet per day gave the best fit of simulated to observed drawdown in the pumped well and the two observation wells. ABSTRACT Aquifer tests of the Gallup Sandstone and associated units in the Yah-ta-hey well field have yielded values of transmissivity ranging from 250 to 400 feet squared per day and values of storage coefficient ranging from 5 x 10-5 to 10-4. A 2'i-month aquifer test was conducted in the spring of 1976 to provide data to better refine these values. The results of the long-term aquifer test were simulated in a digital model. A transmissivity of 300 feet squared per day, storage coefficient of 10-4, and vertical hydraulic conductivity of the overlying Crevasse Canyon Formation of less than 10-4 feet per day gave the best fit of simulated to observed drawdown in the pumped well and the two observation wells.


Covering early societies, the classical, postclassical, and modern periods, and the 20th century, and blending the great advances in historical research over the past quarter century, Experiencing World History represents an important addition to the teaching of world history. Focusing on major issues in social history in the context of world history and divided into five chronological sections that highlight the mixture of change and continuity, the volume traces key aspects of society over time, among them gender; work and leisure; state and society; culture contact and population patterns. Truly global in scope, Experiencing World History includes deep coverage of all the major areas including Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas. A brief introduction ties the social history themes to more conventional world history coverage, and an epilogue after each of the five sections suggests overarching themes and connections.


Seven experiments demonstrate that framing an organizational entity (the target) using an organization frame ("an organization comprised of its constituent members") versus a members frame ("constituent members comprising an organization") alters people's attribution of responsibility to the target following a negative outcome, despite identical information conveyed. Specifically, the target in the organization (vs. members) frame was perceived to have more control over a negative outcome, which led to an increased attribution of responsibility (Studies 1-3). This effect surfaced for both for-profits and non-profits (Study 5). However, when the target in the members frame had explicit control over the outcome (Study 3), or when participants held strong beliefs in individual free will (Study 4), the effect of frame on responsibility attenuated. To the extent that framing increased perceptions of control, punishment for the target also increased (Studies 6a and 6b). By demonstrating how a subtle shift in framing can impact people's perceptions and judgments of organizations, we reveal important knowledge about how people understand organizations and the psychological nature of organizational and group perception.


Laser lipoplasty with pulsed Nd:YAG laser, widely used in Europe and Latin America, has recently been introduced in Japan and the USA. We report histologic analyses of the effects of the laser on human fat tissue.


This article is devoted to the transition of the Arab countries to the new concept of sustainable development (SD) in tourism, sea and air transport The challenges associated with the transition to sustainable development are implemented in state long-term strategies in the Arab countries The surge of interest to this concept of development was also due to the release of the 17 UN sustainable development goals (SDGs) in 2015, which replaced the Millennium development goals General questions of the development of the Gulf Cooperation Council countries at the beginning of the 21st century and the main prerequisites for creating large infrastructure facilities in the region owing to the increase of tourist inflow, especially the increasing number of Muslim pilgrims coming to Saudi Arabia, are considered at the beginning of the article There is a brief overview of the national air carriers and the system of large air hubs in the UAE and Qatar and data on SDG Index No 9 "Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure" in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries for 2017 and 2018 The article is concluded with the results of the investigation on the effect that the Persian Gulf monarchies have achieved in the field of passenger and cargo transportation as well as the problems of operating aviation infrastructure facilities in the context of the transition to sustainable development;it is also shown that the economic downturn and the COVID-19 pandemic, which caused the suspension of air travel in a number of countries in the spring of 2020, may have certain consequences © 2020 Russian Academy of Sciences All rights reserved


12-year-old boy in whom a benign gastric ulcer perforated into the free abdominal cavity is reported. He has underwent emergency operation with a preoperative diagnosis of acute peritonitis due to perforation of peptic ulcer. Gastric ulcer is a rare disease of childhood. The illness was discussed in view of the literature.


The coagulation dynamics of acrylic polymer (PAN) with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [BMIM]Cl as solvent for PAN and H2O as nonsolvent was investigated in detail. On the basis of Fick's second law of diffusion, a mass-transfer model of [BMIM]Cl from concentrated PAN/[BMIM]Cl solution was established as verified with the experimental data. The established model has a good fit with the experimental data and the diffusion coefficient D of [BMIM]Cl was calculated according to the model. The diffusion coefficient D decreased a little when the concentration of solution increased. As increasing the coagulation bath concentration, the diffusion coefficient D initially increased and then decreased, reaching a maximum of 5 wt% in the coagulation bath. The diffusion coefficient D decreased with the coagulation bath temperature. From the diffusion coefficient and the structure of the coagulated filament, it can be concluded that the diffusion rate of [BMIM]Cl from PAN concentrate solutions is relatively slow, which is prospective to prepare uniform-structure fibers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 48:184–190, 2008. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers


Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common inherited renal disease characterized by the formation of cysts that destroy normal renal parenchyma. Tolvaptan (vasopressin antagonist) is the only drug approved today to slow disease progression. To assess the efficacy and tolerability of long-term treatment in patients with ADPKD.

 Retrospective observational study of ADPKD patients on tolvaptan treatment after its approval in Spain in 2017.

 Of the 182 patients with ADPKD in follow-up in our practice, 18% (n = 33) initiated treatment because they met criteria for rapid progression. A total of 60.6% (n = 20) males with age 47.64 ± 8.64 years, a baseline GFR of 65.24 ± 20.14 mL/min and a height-adjusted total kidney volume (TKV) of 1137.45 ± 667.58 mL. A total of 72.7% reached the maximum dose (120 mg) with a mean maximum dose of 108.18 ± 22.42 mg and a mean time to reach it of 5.8 ± 9.3 weeks. A total of 90.9% (n = 33) presented side effects: 81.8% (n = 27) aquaretic and 12.1% (n = 4) hepatotoxicity. Other side effects observed were as follows: hypernatremia 9.1% (n = 3), hyperuricemia in 24% (n = 8). No other side effects were described. A total of 39.4% (n = 13) of the patients temporarily abandoned treatment after a mean time of 3.01 ± 2.17 months. The reasons for discontinuation were as follows: aquaretic effects 35.7% (n = 5), hepatotoxicity 35.7% (n = 5), 3.03% desire for pregnancy (n = 1), 3.03% cerebral hemorrhage (n = 1) and 3.03 (n = 1) worsening of renal function. Some 30.76% (n = 4) of the patients restarted treatment at 5.5 ± 6.76 months. The reason for previous withdrawal was hepatotoxicity (n = 2) and aquaretic effects (n = 2). Therefore, the definitive abandonment of treatment was 27.2%. The mean follow-up time of the patients was 39.85 ± 10.04 months.

 Long-term use of tolvaptan in patients with ADPKD can be considered safe both from the point of view of renal function and side effects. The aquaretic effects are the most frequent. The aquaretic effects and hepatotoxicity are the main reasons for treatment discontinuation. All cases of hepatotoxicity reverted to normal, thus not being considered a serious effect in our experience.


Owing to the great local and temporal sC'ltter of ice salinity, the shape of its steady-state profile in ice of equilibrium thickness is only approximately known. Hence the purpose of theorizing on the way in which it establishes itself is to suggest pertinent experiments rather than to explain physical causes. Four mechanisms of salt migration are discussed: 1) "Brine pocket diffusion", as explained by Whitman. It is too slow to be of significance here. 2) "Gravity drainage", as observed in the laboratory by Kingery and Goodnow. It is unlikely to occur in natural, thick floating ice. However, their basic concept may be applicable in a modified form as 3) "Flushing" or washing-out. A quantitative calculation which assumes the replacement of brine by meltwater from the surface to be a function of ice salinity and maximum temperature leads to a steady-state salinity profile similar to that suggested by observations. 4) "Brine expulsion" as a result of temperature changes and the separation of liquid and gaseous inclusions during the cooling cycle (Nakaya, Bennington) is also treated numerically and results, as does 3), in a steady-state salinity profile resemblant of observations.


Detailed chemical kinetic computations for ethylene-air and acetylene-air mixtures have been performed to simulate laminar flame speeds. Sensitivity analysis was applied to determine those reactions which strongly influence flame propagation. In ethylene-air mixtures, the C{sub 2}H{sub 3} + O{sub 2} = CH{sub 2}CHO + O reaction was one of the most sensitive reactions in the C{sub 2}H{sub 4}/C{sub 2}H{sub 3} submechanism and therefore this reaction was very important to ethylene flame propagation. This reaction was not considered in previously reported mechanisms used to model ethylene-air flame propagation. In acetylene-air mixtures, the C{sub 2}H{sub 2}+O {yields} Products, HCCO+H=CH{sub 2}(s)+CO, HCCO+O{sub 2}=CO{sub 2}+CO+H, H+C{sub 2}H{sub 2}(+M) = C{sub 2}H{sub 3}(+M) and CH{sub 2}(s)+C{sub 2}H{sub 2} = H{sub 2}CCCH+H were the most sensitive reactions in the C{sub 2}H{sub 2}/HCCO / CH{sub 2}(s) reaction set.


Conventionally, the problem of capacity-flow assignment in packet switching computer networks has been considered mainly for the purpose of improving the network performance and the effective usage of the resources in the networks. The problem of the fair allocation of the network resources to each user (fairness) has been investigated little. Because one of the most important purposes of the computer network is that a plural number of users can use the network resources which are arranged dispersively in the network, we must make sufficient study of fairness in the problem of the flow assignment of the packet and the problem of the distribution of the line capacity. However, no clear definition of the fair allocation has been proposed to dare. In this paper, we adopt the "power" (function) as the performance measure and discuss the problem of the network capacity-flow assignment in which maximized network. power ensures effective usage of networks, and equalized power for each user realizes the fairness. The results of this study provide a new guideline to solve the problem of distributing the resources effectively and fairly. The method in this paper can be discussed generally without limitation of the network topology. However, since the concrete numerical calculation is so complicated, we take loop networks for the object of the analysis.


This paper tries to show that 1. historical positions taken in the field of Western aesthetics are by all means suited to contribute substantially to our present debate about multimedia; that 2. a greater flow of data does not necessarily lead to a greater state of information; and that 3. age-old poetic principles can be relevant for multimedia products. Thus the paper presents a plea for a scholarly approach to multimedia research against a historical backdrop.


The results of the study prooxidant and antioxidant activity of serum of cows withcatarrhal purulent endometritis. It is established that treatment with Emeksid helps normalize the antioxidant homeostasis.


Treatment of breast cancer (BC) is a complex multidisciplinary problem. Often, radiation therapy is an obligatory component of treatment of breast cancer patients. Numerous large randomized trials have proved the efficacy of adjuvant radiotherapy in both the standard fractionation regimen in a single focal dose of 2 Gy to a total focal dose of 50 Gy for 25 fractions and in modes of hypofractionation using radiation exposure at a larger daily dose with a reduction in the total treatment time. The presented review summarizes the data of the largest studies on the modes of hypofractionation of postoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer. Most of the studies comparing the standard mode of fractionation of postoperative radiotherapy with the modes of hypofractionation showed comparable results for the main oncological parameters with similar tolerability, frequency of complications and good cosmetic results. It also shows the economic feasibility of applying accelerated regimes in everyday practice. Despite the fact that radiotherapy in the mode of hypofractionation has already become the standard of treatment and is recommended for use by the largest European and American cancer associations, indications for its conduct, the criteria for selection in the studies and the range of recommended single focal doses differ. The obtained results do not give an opportunity to confidently judge the advantage of one or another regime. It is necessary to determine the factors of a favorable and unfavorable prognosis, to clarify the indications for the use of various radiotherapy techniques. Therefore, questions about the optimal mode of hypo-fractionation of adjuvant radiotherapy, the timing of its initiation and the criteria for selecting patients for this type of therapy as part of the comprehensive treatment of breast cancer have not yet been fully resolved. Also open is the choice of optimal single and total doses of radiation, its combination with drug therapy.


The study of regions has been undergoing an intellectual `renaissance', resulting in a growing literature on the renewed importance and dynamics of varied forms of regions and regionalism (see Amin...


Background: Having a stroke, which is a devastating condition, is a major cause of deaths worldwide and is also accountable for long time disability with high personal and social cost in adults. Hyperlipidemia plays an important role in atherothrombosis, which is the precursor to stroke. One way for decreasing the risk of a stroke is treatment of dyslipidemia. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is an eight-carbon, sulfur-containing compound with antioxidant properties and effective in protecting against hypercholesterolemia and hepatic fat accumulation. Objectives: We designed this trial to scrutinize the possible effects of ALA consumption on lipid profiles in patients who experienced a stroke. Methods: In this randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 67 patients who experienced a stroke were randomly allocated into 2 groups (taking a 600 mg ALA supplement or placebo daily for 12 weeks). The triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL), and HDL-cholesterol (HDL) were measured and LDL-cholesterol/ HDL-cholesterol (LDL/ HDL) as well as total cholesterol/ HDL-cholesterol (TC/ HDL) were calculated before and after intervention in this study. Dietary intake and statistical analyses were carried out using the N4 and SPSS16 software, respectively. Results: Primary features were similar in the intervention and placebo groups (P < 0.05). After the intervention period, serum levels of TG (123.21 ± 49.63 vs. 152.97 ± 58.83) (P < 0.001), TC (148.67 ± 37.71 vs. 174.35 ± 36.86) (P < 0.001), and LDL (85.09 ± 23.81 vs. 107.56 ± 31.73) (P = 0.002) decreased, and HDL level (58±9.33 vs. 42.97 ± 8.07) (P < 0.001) increased significantly in ALA group compared with the placebo. In addition, LDL/ HDL (P < 0.001) and TC/ HDL (P < 0.001) reduced significantly. Conclusions: Results of this trial indicated that 12 weeks of supplementation with 600 mg alpha-lipoic acid has beneficial effects on lipid profile (TG, TC, LDL, HDL, LDL-/HDL, and TC/HDL) in patients who have experienced a stroke.


A simplified explanation of near-field and far-field diffraction with matter-wave is described using the path integral formulation. Our approach is demonstrated with cold Rb atoms in single-, double-, and multiple-slit configurations. With the use of an initial wave for the particle beam that corresponds to the slit opening and the number of slits, the transition from near-field to far-field diffraction can also be explored. Identifying the boundary between near-field and far-field diffraction is the first priority for implementing matter-wave diffraction experiments.


A novel wavelength measurement system based on an InGaAs-InP multiple quantum-well electroabsorption filtering detector has been demonstrated. The tunable wavelength response of the filtering detector is used in an active manner to track the wavelength of a spectrally narrow input optical signal. An average resolution of /spl plusmn/8.30 pm was achieved, over a measurement range of 43 nm.


A simple transmit diversity scheme based on cyclic-shift pseudo noise (PN) sequences for the time domain synchronous orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (TDS-OFDM) system is proposed and the corresponding channel estimation algorithms are also investigated. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Intravesical chemotherapy with doxorubicin hydrochloride was applied in 6 patients with flat carcinoma in situ. Tumor remission was obtained in 3 patients. Characteristic changes in cytological preparations as well as in histological specimens could be observed. The possible action of doxorubicin hydrochloride is discussed.


Leadership is an important issue in education field and it needs to be taught as early as possible to students. However, the wide context of leadership today has led us to a broader view which understands that leadership is also a part of identity and it is developed overtime. One way to develop it is by involvement in student organizations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the impact of a student organization in a leadership identity development of students who were involved in a student organization, as well as determining at what stage of LID student leaders were. This study was performed in three Sukma Bangsa Schools by gathering data from 15 student leaders who become the leaders in the student organization, called OSIS. By using a qualitative method, the researchers applied structured interviews to collect the data, using the traditional methods of constant comparative analysis to analyze the data afterwards. The main finding of the research indicated that the student organization, in this case OSIS, helped student leaders to create and improve their leadership skills. Moreover, based on LID theory, not all of the student leaders reached the final stage of LID itself. In addition, this research also presents the reflections of student leaders regarding their experience in OSIS as their student organization at school level. In the end of our thesis implication of the researches and recommendations for future research are also offered.


THERE CAN be few nurses for whom public relations is part of their job description. But it is a vital aspect of Eleanor Donaghy's role as Belfast City Hospital's donor transplant co-ordinator team leader.


In the present work, is performed a computational thermochemical study of platinum tetrafluoride (PtF4) and platinum pentafluoride (PtF5). The results are compared to those previously [1] obtained to PtF6 as well as experimental data. Is concluded that in gaseous phase PtF4 and PtF5 retain their structures and number of unpaired electrons exhibited in the solid phase. Furthermore, is proposed that the generally accepted t2g eg 0 configuration to Pt is not correct. Based on the calculated results, an energy diagram is proposed to PtF5, which explain why, upon heating, platinum pentafluoride disproportionates readily [7]: 2PtF5 → PtF4 + PtF6, providing a clear, elegant and straightforward explanation to the thermal instability of PtF5 as consequence of the electronic configuration.


The utility model relates to a multifunctional electric shocker for police, which is characterized in that the part on the top end of an outer shell is provided with a strong-light dazzling illumination light and electrodes; the side surface of the outer shell is provided with an electric shock button, a strong-light button and a metal detecting button; a strong-light illumination circuit, a long-distance high voltage arc generation circuit and a metal detection circuit are arranged in the outer shell; a power supply battery and a low-voltage warning prompt for the battery are also arranged in the outer shell. The multifunction electric stunning device for police is an appliances for the police collecting strong-light dazzling illumination, metal detection and long-distance high-voltage arc electric shock into a whole and having the advantages of compact structure, high integration degree and multiple functions. In the utility model, a plurality of appliances for the police are combined into a whole to meet new requirements for the police; the multifunction electric stunning device for police is provided for public security officers, security guards, personnel in special type industry, etc. to be used, and the society effects of maintaining society security and fighting crimes are attained.


The need for low-latency vision systems is growing: high speed visual servoing and vision-based human computer interface. In this paper we present a new intensity-to-time processing paradigm suitable for low-latency massively parallel global computation over fine-grained data such as images. As an example of a low-latency global computation, we have developed a VLSI sorting computational sensor-a sensor which sorts all pixels of an input image by their intensities, as the image is being sensed. The first sorting sensor prototype is a 21 by 26 array of cells. It detects an image focused thereon and computes the image of indices as well as the image's cumulative histogram, before the intensity data are readout. The image of indices never saturates and has uniform histogram. Under user's control, the chip can perform other operations including simple segmentation and labeling.


Synopsis Conditions for the existence of anti-isomorphisms and anti-automorphisms of completely 0-simple semigroups are derived and a method is given for the enumeration of finite 0-simple and simple semigroups up to isomorphism and anti-isomorphism.


Most natural language utterances are inherently ambiguous, which results in semantic underspecification. Yet, despite the omnipresence of ambiguity, human communication still succeeds in most cases and even displays a remarkable robustness – quite in contrast to the majority of natural language applications today. The reason for this is that in processing an ambiguous utterance humans also integrate information from sources other than the utterance itself and thus have access to additional knowledge to enrich the semantic specification that guides disambiguation. One important such source of additional semantic knowledge in humans is sensory input from cross-modal perception. In this paper we describe a system architecture motivated by effects during human sentence processing which permits to study the integration of cross-modal context knowledge in syntactic parsing. We hypothesise that integrating crossmodal context into syntactic constraint dependency parsing will significantly and substantially improve the accuracy of structural ambiguity resolution.


The pear shaped flow section contour of turbocharger scroll is featured by heart shaped line. The flow field of nozzle outlet is simulated by using FDM,and the influence of nozzle width B on its flow field is investigated. The nozzle outlet velocity and flow angle α are uneven,and with the B axial increase the α decreases gradually and its distribution tends even,but the velocity increases constantly and its distribution becomes worse. The flow field of nozzle outlet varies a little as the B decreases to some extent. As the B decreases linearly along the scroll circumference,the distribution of α is improved, but the velocity is improved a little.


A number of macroeconomic theories, very popular in the 1980s, seem to have completely disappeared and been replaced by the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) approach. We will argue that this replacement is due to a tacit agreement on a number of assumptions, previously seen as mutually exclusive, and not due to a settlement by 'nature'. As opposed to econometrics and microeconomics and despite massive progress in the access to data and the use of statistical software, macroeconomic theory appears not to be a cumulative science so far. Observational equivalence of different models and the problem of identification of parameters of the models persist as will be highlighted by examining two examples: one in growth theory and a second in testing inflation persistence.


3 To Wayne and Max-my foundation, my strength, my heart 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation was possible because of the support of many people. I would like to recognize them and thank them for their support. As I write these acknowledgements, I am humbled. I would like to thank Dr. Elizabeth Washington for being an exemplary chair, mentor, teacher, and friend. Your guidance through two programs and seven years has made all of this possible. I am eternally grateful. I thank my committee members, Dr. Christopher Brkich-thank you. A special thanks to Cheryl Ellerbrock whose constant support and friendship is greatly appreciated. To my husband, Wayne, I am forever grateful for your love and unwavering belief that I could do this and I would finish. Your sacrifices made this possible. Please, go buy a boat! To my son, Max-I did this for you. I love you more than you will ever know. To my parents, Ed and Mary Seybert, who have been my constant foundation and my cheerleaders from the day that I was born. The sacrifices you have made taught me the meaning of unconditional love. I love you and thank you. This is for you. To my brother, Lee Seybert, thank you for your love and support. To my grandmother, Natalie Michel, whose pride has given me strength. the best in-laws a girl could ask for, I thank you for your love and support. To Brooke Hux, who has been on this journey with me for quite some time, I thank you. Meeting you changed the path of my life. To Spencer Hux, for kindly reading my chapters, even on short notice, I am grateful. I would especially like to thank 5 Grandma Laura Phillips, who took such good care of us in Gainesville, especially when I came to work. We love you. I would like to thank the faculty and staff at the College of Charleston, department of Teacher Education, for their support through this process. Thank you to Dr. Brian Lanahan, whose advice and support throughout this process helped make this possible. I would like to especially thank Dr. whose kind words and encouragement kept me motivated. Ethel, and Emily-for taking such wonderful care of my child, knowing that he was in caring hands made writing this easier. Finally, I would like to thank Kris, whose access to both her thoughts and her classroom made this study …


Intermetallic cage compounds have crystal structures characterized by three-dimensional (3D) frameworks of host atoms forming cages that may be filled with guest atoms. They can be considered as a class of complex metallic alloys (CMAs), a broad family of crystalline materials having large or giant unit cells in which a cluster substructure exists. Their bulk physical properties have attracted interest in recent years, particularly as several of them are considered as promising thermoelectric materials. As a different type of CMAs, they may exhibit interesting surface properties which have not been explored until now. Here, we report a detailed investigation of the (100) surface of the Ce3Pd20Si6 compound and describe its relationship with the 3D cage framework. The study has been carried out using both experimental surface science methods under ultrahigh vacuum conditions and theoretical calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT). After annealing at moderate temperatures, the surface exhib...


Titanium dioxide(TiO2) Powder is fabricated with ultrasonic sol-gel method.Influence of various factors such as components,washing times with ethanol,ways of drying and calcining on the particle size is discussed.Thermal properties and crystal structure of the sample were analyzed by means of DSC-TGA and XRD.The praticle size is calculated by Sherrer formula.The result shows that the optimal experimental condition is pH=2,molar ratio of Ti(OC4H9)4∶H2O∶C2H5OH∶CH3COOH=1∶3∶10∶1,washing three times with ethanol,infrared drying,calcinating for 2h at 600 ℃ after 1h at 250℃.


A computational simulation of axial impact between composite rods is presented in this paper. The smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH) method is coded and implemented for this study, in which the property and strength for different materials are included. The SPH formulation for impact between rods as well as its computatinal procedure is also expounded. The present approach is used to study impact between composites rods parametrically. The effects of material properties and configurations of composite rod on impact response are then examined in detail. In addition, the present SPH results are compared with those from theoretical analysis.


An electrooptic (EO) polymer was used to fabricate phase modulators and Mach-Zehnder modulators on Si wafers. This glassy polymer is from a class of nonlinear, optical materials that have large EO coefficients, low dielectric constants, and small dispersion from dc to optical frequencies. The modulators were fabricated on Si wafers using conventional IC manufacturing equipment. Three polymer layers were deposited: a hard acrylate cladding layer, followed by an EO polymer from Akzo Research, by1 then another cladding layer. The waveguides were photobleached using an IC mask aligner, and microstrip electrodes were formed by gold plating. The active polymer layer was poled2 through the cladding, and waveguide end faces were prepared by cleaving. The Mach-Zehnder modulator was designed so that each arm could be modulated independently with a separate 50-Ω microstrip electrode; the modulator response was measured up to 20 GHz. Data from each type of modulator are presented. These devices illustrate that polymers offer certain advantages over standard inorganic EO materials, such as LiNbO3 and GaAs, in that multilayer integrated optical circuits can be fabricated on top of electronic substrates using processes and equipment that are largely in place for manufacturing integrated circuits.


The application of non-dismantling construction technique of magnesium oxychloride cement formwork in Tianjin Baojing garden underground garage project is introduced.The construction technique and quality control measures of the formwork in the construction of cast-in-place concentrated beams plates in the garage are primarily discussed,and the construction experience is also summarized.


This demonstration offers the opportunity to explore a multisensory digital interface as part of the wider research project "Mapping Memory Routes: Eliciting Culturally Diverse Memes for Digital Archives". The interface is conceived as a tool for capturing memes rooted in the rich intangible heritage of culturally diverse communities in London, opening up a space for intercultural exchange to be used in meaningful urban design. Based on a model developed by artist and researcher Alda Terracciano for her multisensory installation "Streets of...7 cities in 7 minutes", the interface is used to explore new design methods to elicit cultural memories through the use of multisensory technology. The tool aims to stimulate collective curatorial practices aimed at democratising decision-making processes in critical heritage studies and urban planning.


This letter presents design and development of an axial corrugated horn covering the full Ka-band (26.5–40 GHz) based on modal analysis. Physical parameters of corrugation steps are studied in terms of modal power coupled into the dominant and higher order modes. This gives physical insight into the influence of design parameters on the radiation pattern. Design steps based on the modal power coupling are discussed. The designed horn is fabricated using three-dimensional metal printing. Measured radiation pattern show good beam symmetry and cross-polarization level better than 29 dB is achieved in the principal planes over the frequency band.


In order to improve the security in the process of audio files in Internet communication, first Construct a generating chaotic sequence of six dimensional cellular neural network model, according to the principle of RSA asymmetric encryption algorithm, proposes a location of any number as a transmission key(Coordinate key) in the chaotic sequence and using the public key and RSA encryption algorithm for it. Then the number corresponding to this key position, as the starting point of Chebyev chaotic mapping, and to generate encryption sequence. Finally encrypt the original audio and send to receiver with the transport key. In order to verify the practicability of the algorithm, we made a simulation experiment, the complexity of the test the transmission key and comparison of the original audio and the encryption audio waveform figure, and proves the feasibility of this kind of encryption algorithm through the correlation analysis, spectrum analysis and sensitivity analysis. There is the broad prospect and the important application of chaotic and RSA encryption technology.


We have generalized the BOUND and MOLSCAT packages to allow calculations in basis sets where the monomer Hamiltonians are off diagonal and used this capability to carry out bound-state and scattering calculations on {sup 3}He-NH and {sup 4}He-NH as a function of magnetic field. Following the bound-state energies to the point where they cross thresholds gives very precise predictions of the magnetic fields at which zero-energy Feshbach resonances occur. We have used this to locate and characterize two very narrow Feshbach resonances in {sup 3}He-NH. Such resonances can be used to tune elastic and inelastic collision cross sections, and sweeping the magnetic field across them will allow a form of quantum control in which separated atoms and molecules are associated to form complexes. For the first resonance, where only elastic scattering is possible, the scattering length shows a pole as a function of magnetic field and there is a very large peak in the elastic cross section. For the second resonance, however, inelastic scattering is also possible. In this case the pole in the scattering length is dramatically suppressed and the cross sections show relatively small peaks. The peak suppression is expected to be even larger in systems with strongermore » inelasticity. The results suggest that calculations on ultracold molecular inelastic collisions may be much less sensitive to details of the potential energy surface than has been believed.« less


The effect of Pyricularia oryzae, the causal organism of blast in rice, on net photosynthetic rate of rice leaves was measured in the field and in a greenhouse experiment. Leaf blast reduced photosynthesis not only through a reduction in green leaf area, but also through an effect on photosynthesis of the remaining green leaf tissue. A function was derived to relate the net photosynthetic rate of diseased leaf area (P x ) to the photosynthesis of comparable healthy leaf area (P o ) and disease severity (x): P x =P o (1-x) β (...)


Topic In June of 2008, historic flooding occurred in Cedar Rapids, IA, with the Cedar River cresting at 31.12 feet on June 12th. The previous record was 20 feet. Much of the central part of the city was flooded beyond the 500 year flood plain. The Cedar River has natural sharp bend to the river to the south of downtown (Figure 1). Just after this bend, on the east side of the river are some small bluffs which limit open land which can be flooded adjacent to the river. In 1972, Landfill #1 (known locally as Mt. Trashmore) was opened on the west side of river.


75 This feaTure presenTs a new meThodology To assisT road managemenT auThoriTies in making open, defendable and reliable decisions regarding The allocaTion of road space and Time when providing prioriTy To public TransporT services. previous approaches idenTifying Three criTical problems are reviewed. a new meThodology is applied To a problem concerning prioriTy for Trams operaTing in congesTed, mixed Traffic condiTions. inTroducTion Road space management involves balancing the needs of often competing demands for limited resources: road space and time. There is a growing trend toward transit priority that requires careful balancing of the needs of a wide range of road users and an understanding of the costs and benefits of changing how roads function. This feature describes a methodology developed in Melbourne, Australia, to assist the road management authority (VicRoads) in making these difficult trade-offs. 1 approaches To evaluaTing TransiT prioriTy: a criTiQue Table 1 presents a summary of the evaluation criteria and the traffic flow and travel behavior modeling used in a range of key research references concerning the evaluation of transit priority projects. Regarding evaluation criteria, most research has focused on travel time impacts for road and transit users, often to the exclusion of all other types of impacts. Vuchic considered the relative person-carrying abilities of buses versus automobiles per lane as a basis to justify exclusive use of a traffic lane by buses. 2 No travel time or resource implications were considered. Radwan and Benevelli recognized that an evaluation should consider the financial implications of investment. 3 They also examined fuel cost implications, a feature of other approaches. 4 Most research papers omit consideration of the full range of potential resource implications of transit priority. Priority can result in reduced transit running times, which will reduce fleet and crew resource requirements. Patronage growth resulting from travel time and reliability improvements also have been reported. 5 However, these benefits are rarely considered in the evaluation approaches used in the literature. Oldfield, Bly and Webster noted that no consideration was given to impacts on bus service reliability in their approach, although this was considered a benefit of bus priority schemes. 6 The Department of Environment Transport and the Regions (DETR) expanded on this theme, stating that " improved reliability is often seen as a major benefit of bus priority measures and an invaluable factor in the attempt to persuade more people to switch from their cars. " 7 However, …


A compact symmetrical simultaneous transmit and receive antenna with high isolation is one of the main barriers that restricts the in-band full-duplex (IBFD) communication system architecture. To overcome this barrier, a novel interleaved transmit and receive antenna array with plus shaped defected ground structure (DGS) has been developed and presented in this paper. It is designed at 10 GHz, fabricated and validated with the measurements. The proposed interleaved array consists of symmetric 2x1 transmitter (TX) antenna elements and symmetric 2x1 receiver (RX) antenna elements with the spacing of 1λ0 while the spacing between TX and RX (TRX) antenna elements is 0.5λ0 similar to a checkerboard pattern. The plus-shaped DGS is applied to reduce self interference (SI) by suppressing the existing surface wave between the TRX antenna elements. The measurement results confirm that this technique increased the isolation from 16.5 dB to 56.5 dB between TRX antenna arrays. In addition, the proposed array and a co-located array without DGS are compared in terms of simulation and measurement to present the benefits of the proposed antenna array. Furthermore, the interleaved antenna arrays with and without DGS are investigated to analyze the isolation characteristics. The analyses indicate that interleaved antenna array structure with DGS enhances the compactness and enables the alternative placement of TX and RX array antennas for better front-end designs towards in-band full-duplex (IBFD) communication systems for 5G and beyond. Simulation and measurement results confirm a close agreement for the proposed antenna array.


Light incident on ultrasonic waves at the Bragg angle produces a diffraction pattern described by nλ = 2λ * sin θ8. Korpel [Optical Imaging of Ultrasonic Fields by Acoustic Bragg Diffraction (Rotterdam, 1962)] studied, in detail, the condition n = 1 and the image produced in the first diffraction order. Martin [J. Appl. Phys. 43, 1480 (1972)] observed Bragg diffraction with high‐intensity ultrasonic waves and noted that for n>2 one observes multiple images in the diffraction orders. A somewhat successful modification of the mapping theory of Korpel was developed, although it had distinct limitations. The present discussion is focused on n>2 and the optical conditions leading to multiple images in the higher diffraction orders. The existence of two images is conveniently explained on the basis of the theory of Blomme and Leroy [Acustica 59, 1821 (1986)]. [Research supported by the U.S. Office of Naval Research and by the UT‐ORNL Science Alliance.]


PURPOSE: To avoid sudden changes in the resistance torque of an internal combustion engine, when an exciting current applied to the armature winding of a generator is changed by the change of an electrical load, etc., in the recharging system of a vehicle battery. CONSTITUTION: The collector and emitter of a drive transistor (17) are connected in series to a field winding (5), and both the terminals of a battery (1) which is the supply source of a DC voltage (VBA). A sensor means (19) which detects a current applied to a field winding (4) is provided. Control circuits (10-16), which control on/off of the drive transistor (17) according to a value which is determined by comparing a voltage (VA) supplied by a generator (2) with a comparison voltage, depending on a current detected by the sensor means (19), are provided. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO


Alcohol has long been known as the demon drink; an epithet owed to numerous social ills associated with it. Our lab-in-the-field experiment assesses the extent to which intoxication leads to changes in overconfidence or cognitive ability that are often linked to problematic behaviours. Results suggest that it is the joint effect of being intoxicated in a bar that matters. Subjects systematically underestimated their magnitude, suggesting that they cannot be held fully accountable for their actions.


Ganga rule spanned nearly for three hundred and fifty years (1112 to 1435 C.E.). It produced fifteen rulers. Among them three: Chodaganga Deva (the founder), Anangabhima Deva-III and Narasimha Deva-I were men of exceptional abilities and outstanding rulers. Under their strong arms the military might of Orissa reached dizzy heights, with its territory extending from the Ganges to the Godavari. They could also mobilise substantial resources through booty from military expeditions and an elaborate taxation consisting of land tax, plough tax, ferry tax, fishing tax, taxes on water reservoirs, hunting tax, taxes on fruits and flowers, taxes on non-agriculturists and several other visible and invisible taxes. It produced an ideal condition for the proliferation of human activities in myriad of fora ranging from military might and politics to trade, commerce, religion, fine art, music, dance, education, literature and architecture. Cuttack, as the Rajdhani (capital city) of the mighty Gangas, was the prime and central place of all these activities. It reached pinnacle of its power, name, fame and glory as a cultural centre of medieval standard. The available modes of public sphere such as temple walls, inscriptions, prasastis (edicts), literary creations of various hues provide substantial evidences to that effect. Some historians have also been tempted to characterise the phase as the golden age in the cultural history of Orissa.1 The article focuses on mapping out critically the evolving cultural forms of Cuttack city during the rule of Ganga dynasty.


SAMPLE PREPARATION The two samples selected were from massive basalt flows drilled in Hole 597C: Sample 597C-4-5, 120-130 cm (our Sample ILB 1) and Sample 597C-8-2, 85-96 cm (our Sample ILB 2). The samples are relatively fresh with respect to alteration-sensitive elements (Erzinger, this volume), and they have compositions that are generally representative of Hole 597C basement. The samples were prepared as follows: after being washed with distilled water, dried, and crushed, the samples were ground in an agate mill and homogenized by repeated splitting. Portions weighing about 10 g each were sent to nine laboratories performing geochemical analyses of Leg 92 basalts.


In the paper, on Iterative Decomposition method is proposed to approximate analytical solution of Singular Differential, Integral and Integro-differential equations the method involves deriving a formula for finding the fractional integrals of fractional differential and integro-differential equations as the inverse operators of the respective differential operator. A recursive formula, devoid of linearization or discretization was derived, which uses the reduces at previous points to obtained the next iteration. The solution was then presented as an infinite series of easily comparable terms which converge, even for every few terms. The convergence of the method is established.


To extract the polarized gluon distribution Δg, we study the large–pT light hadron pair productions in polarized semi-inclusive reaction, which are dominantly produced via 2 mechanisms: photon–gluon fusion(PGF) and QCD Compton. The PGF gives us a direct information on Δg in the nucleon, whereas QCD Compton is background to the signal process for extracting Δg. By using symmetry relation among fragmentation functions and taking an appropriate combination of light hadron pair production processes, we can remove an effect of QCD Compton from those cross sections. Here we propose a new formula for extracting Δg from those processes.


Objective:  Although it is established that euthymic bipolar patients have neurocognitive deficits, the influence of medication on their cognitive performance is uncertain and requires investigation.


The relationships between the formation of accumulation terraces and climatic changes, especially changes in the mountain permafrost environment, were investigated in the upper reaches of the Gamata River on the western side of the Yari-Hotaka Mountains, northern Japanese Alps. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of these river terrace deposits is now in progress. The present distributions of mountain permafrost and permafrost-related landforms (e.g. rock glaciers) were investigated around Mt. Shirouma, located in the northern part of the northern Japanese Alps, and Mt. Suisyo, located in the central part of the northern Japanese Alps. The low bottom temperature of the winter snow cover (BTS <- 3 °C) and the negative mean annual ground surface temperature (MAST) on the blocky landform (protalus lobe) in the Suisyo C cirque indicate the presence of permafrost.


The massive parallelism and high fan-out characteristics of neural networks impose interconnection requirements that are too extreme for IC-implementation; wafer-scale integration, however, interconnects many circuits on a wafer, thereby eliminating wirebonds, package pins, and external printed-circuit wiring. A generic wafer-scale device for neural networks has been devised which employs multiplying D/A converters for programmable synapses and operational amplifiers for summing nodes. Upon fabrication of each such wafer, laser cuts and links may be used to both define network connectivity and furnish defect-avoidance for the improvement of production yields. 7 refs.


74 The Itty Bitty Guide to Trees: A Children's Identification Guide to Trees of the Inland Northwest is an interesting and useful book that helps children learn to identify 16 common trees of the Inland Northwest. The book contains sections not only for children but also an appendix for parents (or teachers), providing opportunities for family fun and learning in the forest. Each tree is discussed in a 2-page collage-style layout. Discussion of each species includes quick ID tips, forest friends and foes, ecological information, wildlife uses, diseases that may infect the tree, and an interesting facts section. The tree is presented in a series of photographs: the tree, its bark, leaves or needles, and cones or fruit. A poem or a word game is on the second page of each species description. Woven throughout the book is the children's poem "I went walking through the woods one day . . . ," which provides interest to younger children. With the amount of information provided in each section, however, the book will probably have more appeal to children who are a bit older. The parent's appendix contains 6 sections. Low Impact Games to Play with Hiking Children includes more than a dozen games and activities that have enough variety to appeal to children of various ages. Common Names for the Trees lists the common name, Latin name, and alternative common names for each species. A dichotomous key to the 16 species is included in the third section and is a good teaching tool. The Identification Table lists the characteristics of each species, and the table format lends itself to easy comparisons. The Family Tree of Trees and a Classification Chart provide genetic relatedness and taxonomic information. This parent appendix is an excellent resource that can be used to enrich the family experiences—in preparation beforehand as well as during your excursions in the forest. This worthwhile book could benefit from a few additions or changes in any future editions. A glossary of basic botanical terms is needed because the book assumes a botanical vocabulary that children and parents may not have. The Family Tree of Trees and the Classification Chart present accurate and useful information, but a few sentences of explanation would make the material much more accessible. Photos that portray each tree species in a more consistent presentation would assist making comparisons of the tree characteristics and be an improvement for readers. A good, bright photo that shows the complete outline of each given tree would help with identification. In the present edition, some photos are of only a portion of the tree and others present a good outline but are too dark to see branch detail, therefore making the illustrations less effective than they could be. Nonetheless, The Itty Bitty Guide to Trees is a very good book to pack on a family outing in the woods. The list of hiking activities and games along with the supplemental information in the parent appendix add an important fun factor to this useful book.


A battery powered device (100), comprising an electronic circuit (410,215) connected to the electronic circuit (410,215) and supplies power of a battery (210), and part of the battery pack (210) of the housing (105) . Battery powered device (100) comprises a battery cover / tape cartridge member (110), the battery cover / tape cartridge member (110) comprises a battery (210) in the closure cover of the battery housing (105) (115) formed in the tape cartridge (120) on the battery cover.