A method is described for producing an orthogonal geometrical dual satisfying the area and adjacency prescription given by a vertex-weighted planar graph. INTRODUCTION An dimensioned orthogonal floorplan has a rectangular plan boundary and is divided into rectanguloid rooms whose walls are parallel to the sides of the plan boundary. Each room M has area a(M). L-rooms and T-rooms have the obvious shape definition. Two rooms are adjacent if they have some positive length of wall in common. External rooms are adjacent to the exterior region while internal rooms are not. To each floorplan there corresponds an adjacency graph whose vertices represent the rooms and the exterior, and whose edges reflect adjacencies. Deleting the exterior from the adjacency graph yields the so-called weak dual A graph is maximal planar if and only if it is planar and every face is a triangle. It is sufficient to consider only maximal planar graphs in the context of floorplans. A graph is outerplanar if it can be embedded in the plane so that all its vertices lie on the exterior face. Further, a graph is maximal outerplanar if edge augmentation destroys outerplanarity. BACKGROUND Techniques in the area of graph-theoretic floorplan design are of current interest especially because of large-scale integrated circuit technology requirements [6], Earl [2] showed that many of the existing approaches are based on the same underlying principle. Earl and March [3] derive the required conditions for a graph to represent the adjacency structure of a floorplan whose rooms are all either rectangular or orthogonal. In a rectangular case, a procedure based upon edge colouring of the graph enables a corresponding floorplan to be derived in time proportional to the number of rooms [1]. 34 However when room areas are included, existence of a rectangular floorplan cannot always be guaranteed [7]. Further it is not always possible to have each room rectangular or L-shaped [9], whereas for a general vertex-weighted maximal planar graph, it is possible under certain conditions to achieve each room as rectangular, L-shaped or T-shaped [4], For a summary of the work in graph-theory based floorplan design since 1970, refer to Steadman [10]. In this paper we summarize [8] for outerplanar graphs and show how it may be extended to construct an orthogonal floorplan for any vertex-weighted maximal planar graph. Practicalities usually require that room shape be as regular as possible, but this is not our current objective. PREPROCESSING THE ADJACENCY GRAPH Given a maximal planar graph G, the vertices may be partitioned into sets Dj, i > 1, called distance classes, where Dj is the set of all vertices of (minimum) distance i in G from vertex 1 (the exterior). If Gj is the subgraph of G induced by Dj, then (i) Gj is outerplanar (ii) Each block of Gj, i £ 2, is either a single vertex, a bridge, or a 2-connected outerplanar graph. For any maximal outerplanar graph it is possible to impose a relabelling on its vertices so that every vertex i, i £ 4, is adjacent to two vertices j and k where i > j > k. Vertex i is called the successor of vertex j and vertex j the precursor of vertex i. Given any weighted maximal outerplanar graph G it is possible to construct a floorplan in which each room is rectangular or L-shaped [8] satisfying the area and adjacency constraints of G. For any edge e = ij in G, the graph resulting from a contraction of j to i, whereby vertex j is removed and all edges previously incident upon j are made incident upon i, with all consequent loops deleted and multiple edges coalesced, is denoted by G/ij. A weighted contraction also involves the augmentation of room areas. ORTHOGONAL DIVISION ALGORITHM Phase 1: I d e n t i f y i = argmax (Dj). Successively contract the vertices of each component of Gj to a single vertex, noting the order of contraction and the precursor and successor at each stage. These contracted vertices are 35 then further contracted to distinct vertices of Dj.j, resulting in a new maximal planar graph, Gj'. Continue this process until G* is obtained. Note that G ' = G2' {1} is a maximal outeiplanar graph. Phase 2: Using [8], as above, we construct a floorplan in which each room is rectangular or L-shaped, having G ' as its weak dual. Iteratively, we reverse the contraction ordering imposed above, dividing a room, X, currently in the floorplan into two rooms, X and W, where W is the successor of X, maintaining orthogonality, (augmented) areas and (augmented) adjacencies. The essential idea is to develop an approximation of the shape of W (relative to X) that meets the adjacency requirements of W. This approximation will not in general have the correct area, a(W), so we successively perturb it incrementally whilst maintaining the adjacencies, orthogonality and contiguity (of W). Let the required adjacencies of W be {N ,....... Ns} in order around the boundary of W. This is a subset of the neighbours of X. Within X, construct a rectilinear path (comprising a set of walls) with the minimal number of comers, drawn parallel to the boundary of X, between appropriately chosen points a and p on the boundary of X (on a wall of N, and Ns respectively). L divides X into two rectanguloids, P and Q, which are approximations to X and W in that they have the required adjacencies but arbitrary areas. For the case where a(W) < a(Q), the perturbation consists of dividing W into rectangles strictly interior to X. These are successively augmented to P, ensuring that each one added is adjacent to P, until a(Q) = a(W). In the other case (a(W) > a(Q)) a similar process is used, except that rectangles are added to Q rather than P. Experience thus far indicates that non-pathological adjacency graphs yield flooiplans with reasonable roomshape. We emphasize that our approach can dualize any adjacency graph, in constrast with the classic maximal planar boustrophedon approach [5] which cannot handle the existence of a separating triangle in an adjacency graph. A disadvantage is that computer implementation of our method will not be so readily attainable. However, we note that implementation should be possible in time linear in the number of vertices of G, since each phase of the algorithm depends only upon the unique precursor-successor relationship, provided that an upper bound on the number of "unit squares" required by the perturbation phase is determinable.


Abstract: The objective of this research was to find out the process young learners incidental language learning of English speaking skill. This research is used a case study. The population of this research was the young learners. The subjects of this research were chosen by using the Interview, Documentation, and Observation technique. The data were collected using observation, interview, and documentation techniques. The technique of data is by WhatsApp media to complete the research. The results of this study show that: (1) young learner's incidental language learning of English speaking skill; (2) young learner's repetition of English speaking skill; (3) and young learner's problem of English speaking skill (3) The result are: (a) The young learners incidental language learning using media English movies and Ablo application for learn English, (b) The young learners repetition language learning using media Youtube and English music for learn English, (c) The young learners problem language learning is the difficulty of getting friends to discuss in English directly to practice English skills.


Elastic-plastic fracture mechanics is popularly used for integrity evaluation of major components, however, it is not easy to extract standard specimens from operating facility. This paper examines how ductile fracture toughness is characterized by a small punch testing technique in conjunction with finite element analyses incorporating a damage model. At first, micro-mechanical parameters constituting Rousselier model are calibrated for typical nuclear materials using both estimated and experimental load-displacement (P-?) curves of miniaturized specimens. Then, fracture resistance (J-R) curves of relatively larger standard CT specimens are predicted by finite element analyses employing the calibrated parameters and compared with corresponding experimental ones. It was proven that estimated results by the proposed method using small punch specimen is promising and might be used as a useful tool for ductile crack growth evaluation.


some activity with costume would be highly desirable. The claimed parallel of the control of costume in comedy with the Homeric control of arms, throughout the book, sounds tempting but needs further discussion and grounding in the evidence. Perhaps it would also have been useful to clarify whether the Homeric echoes of manipulations with armour on the battlefield were consciously introduced by Aristophanes as elements of dialogue with the epic genre and whether these echoes could be perceived as such by his audience or whether this resemblance is rather part of a Greek social mentality inherited from Homer unconsciously through the continuum of the cultural and literary tradition. Despite these shortcomings, this book is an excellent contribution to the study of ancient drama and will undoubtedly be of considerable use for students, scholars and theatrical directors and performers working on productions of Aristophanes.


In this paper, photocalytic degadation of dodecylbenzenesulphonate(DBS) in aqueous suspension of industrial anatase TiO 2(C 1), nanometer TiO 2(C 2), Iron doping TiO 2(C 3) and TiO 2 SnO 2 composite catalyst was studied. Experimental results showed that the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of DBS can be improved by using C 2, C 3 and C 4, of which C 2 and C 3 are the best ones. Under the experimental conditions, the removal rate of DBS as all higher than 90% and the removal rate of COD Cr as about 70%. In addition, influences of pH value and additional H 2O 2 on DBS photogradation were also studied.


This paper develops a pollution model of trade in differentiated goods. Our analyses show the following: first, the production of dirty, differentiated goods is explicitly shown to lead to three environmental effects: scale, technique and selection effects. Second, we present a comparative statics analysis of the effects of a change in the stringency of environmental policy on the firm's level of abatement, the price level, the consumption level, the scale of production and the number of firms in the economy. Third, we examine the relationship between openness to trade and the environment. The impact of intra-industry trade is shown to be the sum of the scale, technique and selection effects. Fourth, we undertake an empirical analysis to test the integrated theoretical predictions of the pollution models of intra-industry as wells as inter-industry trade. We use panel-data from 23 OECD countries, for the years 1995-2004. Statistical evidence suggests the following. First, the emissions of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds are increasing in the selection, scale, technique and composition effects. Second, the selection effect is an important and relevant variable in the estimation of the full impact of international trade on emissions level; its omission may lead to biased estimations. Third, results conform to the realizations of data generated by the framework of intra-industry as well as inter-industry trade. Fourth, greater openness to trade or increased trade liberalization leads to a decrease in emissions level.


This paper describes the ultraviolet, visible, infrared, chemical and thermal properties of the recently developed lead phosphate based glasses. The optical properties of some glasses are studied by measuring their refractive index, ultraviolet-visible absorption and infrared transmittance; the thermal properties by differential thermal analysis and thermal mechanical analysis and the chemical durabilities by determining the dissolution rates of the glasses in both acidic and basic aqueous solutions at 90°C for 14 days or more. The origins of low absorption in the visible region of the spectrum and transmission into the mid-infrared are discussed as well as a desirable combination of good chemical durability and high thermal expansion coefficient. The glasses are expected to be useful for a variety of applications including hermetic seal to high expansion metals, visible and infrared optical components.


Radiol Bras. 2017 Mai/Jun;50(3):IX Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is an inflammatory disease of the small airways, resulting from damage to the lower respiratory tract. The presence of inflammation and fibrosis of the terminal and respiratory bronchioles results in narrowing or complete obliteration of the airway lumen, leading to chronic airflow obstruction. Histologically, BO is characterized by the presence of intraluminal granulation tissue in the airways or peribronchiolar fibrosis with narrowing of the lumen, provoking a process of scarring and obstruction. Although its exact incidence in the pediatric population is unknown, it is known that BO predominantly affects male infants. Possible causes of BO include inhalation of toxic substances, aspiration syndromes, immunological changes, collagen diseases (rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren's syndrome), transplantation, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and drug reactions. Currently, the diagnosis of BO is based on clinical and computed tomography (CT) criteria, the role of CT being that of excluding the various differential diagnoses. BO occurring after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was first described in 1982. It is well known that BO can also occur in lung and heart-lung transplant recipients. In BMT recipients, BO appears later than do other pulmonary complications, occurring between 3 and 12 months after transplantation. BO after BMT is more common in patients with chronic graftversus-host disease, occurring in 6–10% of those who are longterm survivors, with a mortality rate of more than 50%. Chest CT is the most widely used method for the study of interstitial lung diseases and bronchiolar diseases, having become the tool of first choice because of its great sensitivity and specificity. However, it should be used with great discretion because the patient is exposed to a high dose of ionizing radiation. Diagnostic radiology is considered the main artificial source of radiation to which human beings are exposed, accounting for approximately 14% of the total annual dose received from all sources of radiation. Ionizing radiation has the ability to alter the physical and chemical characteristics of the molecules of biological tissues. Cells with a high proliferation rate are more sensitive to ionizing radiation and are found in tissues with high mitotic activity or the so-called fast response tissues. Radiosensitivity is inversely proportional to the degree of cell differentiation (the less differentiated the cell is, the more radiosensitive it is) and directly proportional to the number of cell divisions required for the cell to reach its "mature" stage. In view of these facts, special care should be


Abstract : Practical approximations for the Chapman function over the entire range of possible solar zenith angles are considered. The approximations are numerically evaluated for a selected number of parametric values. Comparison with the Chapman function on a percent difference basis is provided. Some practical points regarding geometry are discussed for angles exceeding pi/2. (Author)


The heterosexual risk practices maintenance produces the increase of cases of Aids in people without other risk practices except sexual relations. This study aims to investigate and understand the social representations of health personal who work with HIV/Aids, their professional practice and the risk in their work and in their life, observing their high level of information. The results have shown that the knowledge about Aids is used at work and not in their lives. The use of condom is not compatible with their daily life, as a consequence of cultural and historical processes. Safe sex isn't present in health personal life, until this moment.


The paper presents developed User-Defined Functions, that are designed for identification of linear periodically-time-variable circuits and inverse transformation of signals by Fourier and Laplace. Such User-Defined Functions are addition to the system UDF MAOPCs, which is designed for modeling, multivariate analysis and optimization of linear periodically-time variable circuits in the frequency and time domains. The paper also presents computer experiments of the usage of these developed User-Defined Functions.


Background Use of outcome measures to examine outcomes of amputation is complicated by a number of factors, including ease of administration and lack of scientific evidence to guide selection and interpretation. Objective The purposes of this study were: (1) to estimate test-retest reliability of a modified version of the Prosthetic Evaluation Questionnaire (PEQ), scales of a version of the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire adapted for the veteran population (SF-36V), the Orthotics and Prosthetics Users' Survey (OPUS), the Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS), the Two-Minute Walk Test, the Six-Minute Walk Test, the Timed "Up & Go" Test, and the Amputee Mobility Predictor; (2) to calculate minimal detectable change (MDC) of each measure; and (3) to conduct item analysis of the modified PEQ. Design This was a multi-site study with repeated measurements. Methods Forty-four patients with unilateral lower-limb amputation participated. Participants were tested twice within 1 week. We calculated test-retest reliability of each measure using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC [2,1]), estimated standard error of the measurement and MDC, and assessed scale score distribution. Results The study demonstrated strong test-retest reliability scores of performance measures (ICC=.83–.97) suggesting that these measures are good choices for evaluation of people with lower-limb amputation. Reliability of PEQ subscales (ICC=.41–.93) was comparable to that reported in the literature (ICC=.56–.90). Limitations This study examined only statistically measurable differences and did not evaluate whether changes in scores were clinically important. Conclusions Minimal detectable change scores can be used to determine whether change in test scores exceeds measurement error associated with day-to-day variation. This is the first study to present test-retest reliability data on the self-reported OPUS scales, the PSFS in people with lower-limb amputations, and a new, easier-to-use scoring mechanism for the PEQ.


The article analyzes reuse of waste in the USSR in the 1920s - early 1930s taking the example of rags. The study is done due to the non-disclosure of this scientific problem in the Ukrainian and foreign research. Based on a comparative analysis of the disposal of rags in the Russian Empire and in the USSR (case of Ukraine), the absence of ruptures in the practice of its collection has been proved. This is argued by the recognition of the value of rags as a raw material for the development of a number of industries, for example paper. The conclusion is made about the reconceptualization of waste in the early USSR, which began to be considered as a valuable raw material resource for the needs of the Soviet economy and exports. It was found that the initial interest in collecting rags was due to the need to expand exports in order to obtain additional foreign exchange earnings and purchase deficit in the USSR equipment and goods. However, since the second half of the 1920s, rags were recognized as a valuable resource for the Soviet industry. It was found that with the development of the Soviet economy, the circle of customers of rags expanded and the chemical, haberdashery and construction industries joined the paper and light industry. The similarities and differences of the multilevel mechanism of collecting rags and its main actors in tsarist Russia and in the Soviet Union are revealed. Author analyzed the evolution of its forming and found that in the 1920s, the activity in the collecting rags was decentralized. It was carried out by a wide range of actors as one of the areas of procurement of various types of agricultural and industrial raw materials for the Soviet economy. Author put the question of the need to analyze the dilemma of collecting rags in the context of a total shortage of consumer goods and poverty of the population, which widely used the practice of clothing repair. As a result, garbage often transformed in almost unusable in recycling rags. The author did not identify the environmental motivation for the reuse of rags during this period, but concluded that these activities contributed to the creation of certain elements of waste sorting and storage infrastructure, development and improvement of waste management rules, which established a basis for more efficient and conscious waste management in the second half of the 20th century.


Volume 3 | Issue 1 Utility of Serum Bilirubin Screening during the First 24-Hours Following Birth of Pre-Term Neonates <35 Weeks' Gestation Nguyen A*1, Kamlin COF1,2,3 and Rogerson SR1,2 1Neonatal Services, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia 3Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia *Corresponding author: Nguyen A, Neonatal Services, The Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, Tel: +61433943304, E-mail: email@example.com Citation: Nguyen A, Kamlin COF, Rogerson SR (2017) Utility of Serum Bilirubin Screening during the First 24-Hours Following Birth of Pre-Term Neonates <35 Weeks' Gestation. J Gynecol Res 3(1): 102. doi: 10.15744/2454-3284.3.102


According to the property of fuzzy number which is suited for quantifing fuzzy information,an approach to multi-stage fuzzy synthetical assessment based on fuzzy number is proposed by use of fuzzy sets and interval analysis, which can make a fuzzy decision well in terms of fuzzy information.A model of reliability prediction for an aeroengine is developed by applying the approach and considering the reliability properties of an aeroengine.By means of the model,the reliability level of an aeroengine can be assessed more objectively because a variety of the factors influencing aeroengine reliability can be synthetically considered in the model.Therefore the model is particularly adaptable to the reliability prediction in initial design stage for an aeroengine.


Electric charge density in a metallic particle fluctuates due to inhomogeneities of various kinds. While in the bulk of the particle the charge fluctuations are suppressed by Thomas-Fermi screening, the underscreened charges near the surface give rise to a permanent electric dipole moment. We show that the dipole moment increases linearly with the particle size, and fluctuates strongly from particle to particle.


For applications in material design, it is critical that future material's models transition from empirically- to mechanistically-based. In this perspective, a continuum theory is introduced, based on a physically motivated strain decomposition, which not only reflects the macroscopic response of a solid but also the internal deformation and size effects of its microstructure. Because of the physical meaning of kinematic variables, constitutive relations may be derived from simple micromechanical arguments. Two examples are then presented: (a) the elastic response of an elastic material with defects and (b) the assessment of size effects at the boundary of a fiber-reinforced composite.


It is common practice to make use of the carrier properties of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in order to enhance the efficiency of optical brighteners (OBA) in paper coatings. This report describes - with emphasis on PVA - how grade, amount and addition mode of both additives contribute to paper whiteness. Proposals are made as to how these products may be economically used to achieve high brightness yields. For an efficient brightness increase PVA should be used at somewhat higher OBA amounts where the brightness curve of sole OBA normally flattens out ; a fully hydrolyzed grade should be preferred. A standard OBA grade with 4 sulpho groups such as ®Leukophor UHF plus PVA added to the coating color performs better than the same OBA with built-in carrier. However, it is possible to further enhance brightness of the latter by adding PVA. Extensive rheological studies of coating colors containing OBA and different grades of PVA showed that shear thickening does not occur at crucial shear rates of around 10 6 s -1 when using very low molecular weight PVA such as ®Mowiol 4-98 and ®Mowiol 3-98. PVA contributes to OBA being more firmly fixed to the pigment (80/20 calcium carbonate/clay) which is believed to reduce its tendency to migrate.


An essay of the Soviet novelist, researcher of Mountainous Altai, Afanasy Lazarevich Koptelov, about the life and work of Robert Burns, published on the pages of the Siberian journal «Siberian Lights» in 1959 is firstly systematized and comprehended in the article. The essay, written on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the birth of Robert Burns, presents the writer's impressions after a trip to Scotland, the birthplace of the great poet. Describing the nature of mountain landscapes, scenery of numerous lakes, forests and fields flashing outside the window that once inspired R. Burns to create amazing examples of Scottish poetry, the author of the article focuses on the unfair division of land between the citizens of one state, regrets that nothing has changed since the days when the Scottish bard himself wrote about hard farming activities and endless financial dependence on wealthy landowners. A.L. Koptelov focuses in the article on the universal recognition of the art of the Scottish poet, a fighter for freedom and justice, the rights of workers and peasants oppressed by hard work, gives information about the numerous architectural monuments and museums dedicated to the creativity of Robert Burns, in his homeland, in Scotland, the question of the genre diversity of the work of the «bard of Caledonia» is revealed, some testimonies of contemporaries about the «second life» of the works of R. Burns in Russia are given, which became possible due to the talented interpretations of S. Y. Marshak.


The challenges keep rising for fault isolation and failure analysis (FIFA) for the advanced semiconductor devices fabricated via integrated processes. Perceiving that defects randomly occurred during IC manufacturing contribute primarily to the device failures in comparison to those caused by harsh service environmental, we focus our efforts on fixing the defect issues in the processes, expecting a significant portion of the device failures may be prevented. A case study here demonstrates the procedure for fixing an inline defect issue via improving tool maintenance for the chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) process. Through a correlative physical and chemical analysis down to atomic scale, a 10 nm diamond particle and a 10 nm metallic debris damaging one of the metal interconnect layers were defined. The analysis led to pinpointing the issue to a metal CMP process. By examining the process operation and the tool configuration, we located the diamond-missing sites on a pad-conditioning disk made with embedded diamond grits in a metal matrix. Preventive countermeasure were implemented to avoid the same defect recurring via resetting the disk life and maintenance.


and in particular the need to build simple quantitative models. However, it is clear by Chapter Two (on basin evaluation) that Lerche is a physicist rather than a geologist. He starts off by failing to make a clear distinction between different basin types and few examples are shown. Insufficient distinction is made between tried and trusted basin models and the dubious sort which have long since been consigned to the scrap-heap. Regarding extensional sedimentary basins, I was dismayed to find that only instantaneous stretching is considered: for many basins, finite-duration stretching is more appropriate. Several pages later, Lerche states that extension in the North Sea basin occurred between 90 and 70 Ma. Many would disagree: there is considerable evidence that the latest episode of extension in this basin started at about 160 Ma and lasted 30-50 Ma. Chapters Three and Four deal with the problem of mathematically inverting thermal indicator measurements and are on firmer ground. The approach is that of the engineer parameterize everything. Caution is required here since 'quasi-phenomenological modelling' (sic) can leave you without a sound physical basis. A very brief chapter on hydrocarbon generation is followed by two on fluid flow and compaction, in each of which the maths is really piled on. Some of the models discussed have so many variables that it is difficult to assess their usefulness. Two short chapters on palaeoheat flux and thermal indicator tomography follow. The volume ends with the morphological development of a sedimentary basin where there is some repetition of earlier material (including figures). The second volume develops the techniques of the first and applies them to different geological settings. Although there are some useful chapters, this volume is generally inferior: the case histories are poorly presented and there is considerable repetition of material covered in Volume One. Firstly, one-dimensional problems are discussed. Chapter One concerns the effect of igneous intrusions on thermal maturation. This work is important since it allows measurements like vitrinite reflectance to be parameterized with a degree of accuracy. The next three chapters deal mainly with heat flow and hydrocarbon generating models. The backstripping calculations discussed in Volume One are repeated in Chapter Five. The final chapter concerning onedimensional calculations is on the Viking Graben in the northern North Sea. Some of this is out of date (e.g. the applicability of detachment style models).


The objective of this paper is to present a novel cubic generator circuit using four quadrant analog multiplier and divider based on third generation current conveyor. A well-established approach has been utilized to implement the new fourquadrant analog multiplier and divider using CCIII exhibiting a larger usable bandwidth. Some additional, relevant, nonlinear applications of CCIII-based four-quadrant analog multiplier and divider have also been worked out to demonstrate its usefulness. PSPICE simulations have been carried out to validate the theoretical findings of the proposed novel cubic generator and other presented circuit configurations. Applications of the new CCIII-based multiplier and divider circuits of this paper have been shown to realize amplitude modulation, squarer and finally the novel cubic generator.


Objective This study was to establish a method to isolate and culture brain microvas-cular endothelial cells(BMECs) in vitro. Methods BMECs were isolated from neonatal Sprague Daw-ley rats by two-step filtration, collagenase digestion and density gradient centrifugation using low molecular weight dextran. After 4 hour seeding, the floating cells were washed away and the adherant BMECs were kept. The cell morphology was observed under phase-contrast microscope. The purity of BMECs was examined by immunohistochemical staining. The contamination of microvessles was determined by the expression of AKP by BMECs. The viability of BMECs was determined by ET-1 releasing. Results The purity of cultured BMECs was 90% using this modified method. Polygonal or cobblestone like cells were observed under microscope, and cells are adherent, proliferated in a monolayer. The cultured BMECs were positive for ⅧF-Ag with immunohistochemical staining. The purity of positive stained cells was 90 % . The percentage of AKP-positive cells was 93 % , with a total score of 112. The primary BMECs released 388.03 pg/ml of ET-1 and the passage 2 cells secreted 591.75 pg/ml. Conclusion The rat BMECs were successfully cultrued in vitro by two-step filtration, collagenase digestion and density gradient centrifugation in our study. This method of isolation and culture of BMECs is easier and more efficient than others.


Background. One of the most important aims of an endodontic treatment is to obtain the complete removal or reduction of root canal remaining filling material: Smear layer, bacteria, intra-canal medicaments. To meet this requirement, several irrigation activation techniques have been proposed. Our systematic review examined studies which analyzed the XP-endo Finisher (XPF) instrument efficacy in removing root canal debris during initial endodontic treatment or retreatment, comparing it with the efficacy of other irrigation activation protocols, such as passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), laser activation procedure (Er:YAG), and Self-Adjusting File system (SAF). Methods. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Chocrane Library, and Scopus databases, identifying 51 items. Thirty-four articles were excluded based on title, abstract, full text, and language. Seventeen randomized controlled trials were selected and consequently submitted to quality assessment and data collection. Results. Conventional needle irrigation (CNI) is the less effective irrigation technique, but it is still unclear whether XPF is able to guarantee greater debris removal than the PUI technique. Er:YAG laser has been proven to be more effective in apical third than XPF instrument. Conclusions. Further investigations are needed in order to establish which final irrigation activation procedure could reach the maximum root canal debris reduction.


We present an experimental magnetic phase diagram based on two spin-gaps (a dynamical spin gap Δ R estimated from nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate 1/ T 1 and a static one Δ S estimated from static uniform spin susceptibility χ s ) for low-dimensional quantum spin systems: one-dimensional (1D) Haldane gap, two-leg spin ladder, dimer spin, 2D plaquette spin, and high- T c Cu oxide systems. Possible universal correlation for respective materials and their mutual relations are discussed.


GJ 887 has been spotlighted for the apparently gentle space environment it provides to its recently discovered planets. In 27 days of optical monitoring by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), the star exhibited no detectable flares. Ultraviolet observations reveal a different story. Two high-contrast flares occurred in just 2.8 hr of far-ultraviolet monitoring by the Hubble Space Telescope. Solar scalings indicate these flares were X-class or larger events, generally associated with coronal mass ejections on the Sun. Hundreds of events of equal or greater energy likely occurred during the TESS monitoring, but produced optical contrasts too small to be detected. Strong yet optically undetectable ultraviolet flares like these could dominate the high energy emission of all M stars throughout their lives, impacting the photochemistry and erosion of atmospheres on orbiting planets.


The tactical wireless sensor networks control problem formalization was formulated, theoretical bases development directions of tactical WSN control (methods of sensor network control with variable topology for providing the given quality of monitoring and data transmission) are proposed.


Hyperspectral images have shown great potential for the target detection task. These images collect the reflectance physical value over a large electromagnetic spectrum providing a fingerprint that characterizes uniquely distinct materials. In this work, a framework is developed to recognize different materials using several approaches ranging from classical methods to deep learning ones. Different learning paradigms are investigated considering both supervised and self-supervised methods. The main difference between these approaches concerns the labeling process. Indeed, while the former method requires labeling the data, the latter approach is based on pseudo-labels generation described in this contribution.


When the DC motor starts, the motor is stationary, the induction potential on the armature is zero, and the motor current rises quickly to produce a large inrush current, which will not only cause damage to the unit equipment but also cause perturbation of the power supply. In addition, in some applications encountered in the motor blocked rotation, electrical energy is fully converted to armature and MOSFET transistor thermal energy, accelerating the aging of the armature enamel wire, reducing the service life of the motor. In order to solve the problem of excessive inrush current when starting and blocking the motor, this paper presents an H-bridge a current-limiting control drive circuit for DC motor start-up and blocking. The circuit designed in this paper adds a current detection circuit to the driving circuit, and uses the parasitic inductance of the motor armature to effectively limit the peak current of the motor through the control of a fixed shutdown time to achieve the current limiting effect. The test results show that the motor can limit the current output during starting and blocking, and the current output is good without affecting the normal operation of the motor.


New method had been developed for effective separation and simultaneous determination of six estrogen residues including diethylstilbesterol,17α-ethynylestradiol,17α-estradiol hemihydrate,17β-estradiol hemihydrate,estriol and estrone in infant formula by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The infant formula samples were enzymatically digested with β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase,and then extracted with acetonitrile by ultrasonication.This process was repeated two times and the extracts were combined.The combined extracts were evaporated to dryness.The estrogens in the residue were derivated with pentafluoropropionic anhydride.Six estrogen residues were measured with GC-MS using electron impact ionization source in SIM mode.Gas chromatographic separation was performed on a HP-5MS capillary column(30 m × 0.25 mm internal diameter;0.25 μm film thickness).The baseline separation of two isomers(17α-estradiol hemihydrate and 17β-estradiol hemihydrate) of estradiol was achieved by optimizing the heating process.The calibration curves showed good linearity with correlation coefficient(r) of 0.999.The limits of quantification(LOQ) of six estrogens ranged from 0.1 to 0.8 μg/kg.Experiments on spiked infant formula samples showed that at spiked level of 3.0,5.0 and 10.0 μg/kg,the mean recoveries were within 60.6%-120.6%,and the relative standard deviations ranged from 7.8% to 19.6%.This method had been successfully used for the qualitatively and quantitatively determination of the six estrogen residues in infant formula.


Background: The article describes the study of chlorophyll concentration dynamics in Paliastom lake and its surrounding area. The research covers the period from 2015 to 2022. The study uses remote sensing satellite images obtained from Landsat 8, Sentinel-2, as a result of processing in the SNAP application. At the same time, in situ researches was performed. Aims: This study aims to research chlorophyll concentration in Paliastom lake and its adjacent area through remote sensing methods and in situ data. Methods: For our research and historical data collection, satellite remote sensing was applied, which generates data on spatial and temporal variations of suspended particles in estuaries and coastlines. In situ studies, Chlorophyll concentration and promoting chemical agents were measured, water temperature, pH, total hardness, alkalinity, acidity, and others. Total turbidity was determined, and qualitative reactions were performed to define the presence of phosphates and nitrates. Results: The results received through remote sensing, and in situ studies were compared. Paliastom lake and its adjacent area are prone to eutrophication processes. Natural phenomena and human industrial activity cause the process. Discussion: According to in situ studies and the data obtained from sensors, the water in Paliastom lake is prone to a weak alkaline reaction. The water of the lake can be considered as having medium turbidity. Phosphate and nitrate ion detection reactions performed with qualitative analysis protocols showed positive samples. The intensity of the obtained color indicated their high concentration. Conclusions: The annual evolution of Chl-a in Paliastom lake reaches the maximum value in the summer months. Compared to previous years, a decrease in chlorophyll concentration was observed during the lockdown period of 2020 due to the Covid Pandemic.


A model of a homogeneous population given in the absence of exploitation by a differential equation x ̇=g(x) is considered. At each moment of time τ_k=kd, where d>0, k=1,2,..., some random share of the resource ω_k ∈ [0,1] is extracted from this population. We assume that it is possible to stop the harvesting if its share turns out to be greater than a certain value u∈[0,1): then the share of the extracted resource will be l_k=l(ω_k,u)=min(ω_k,u), k=1,2,.... The average time benefit from resource extraction is investigated, it is equal to the lower limit of the arithmetic amount of the resource obtained in n extractions as n→∞. It is shown that the properties of this characteristic are associated with the presence of a positive fixed point of the difference equation X_(k+1) = φ(d,(1-u)X_k), k=1,2,..., where φ(t,x) is a solution of the equation x ̇=g(x) satisfying the initial condition φ(0,x)=x. The conditions for the existence of the limit and the estimates of the average time benefit performed with probability one are obtained. The results of the work are illustrated by examples of exploited homogeneous populations depending on random parameters.


In conclusion, Williams finds that the evidence will allow him to say only that the footprints are somewhere between 2000 and 5000 years old. Although he fails to saV why, the deer jaw bone presumably could not be used to obtain a radiocarbon date. At any rate, these dates, plus the absence of associated artifacts, effectively remove these remains from the list of significant Central American fossils. Stromsvik's paper describes the 3 superimposed ball courts excavated and studied by the Carnegie Institution at Copan, Honduras. The 2 earlier courts (I and II) coincide exactly in plan and orientation, their only difference being in level, but Ball Court III, although maintaining the same general plan and dimensions, is removed considerably to the north with its long axis twisted eastward. The reason for these alterations is not given in the text, but presumably is connected with changes in or additions to Structure 26, which adjoins the court on the southeast. Ball Court III is best dated at 126.96.36.199.0, but satisfactory dates for the earlier courts are not available, although Stromsvik makes a good case for an early Baktun 9 date for Ball Court I. The paper also includes brief descriptions of similar ball courts at nearby sites in Honduras and Guatemala. The richness of pre-Classic deposits in the Guatemala highlands is well illustrated by Shook's and Kidder's description of the excavation of Mound E-III-3 at Kaminaljuyu. The discovery that the peoples of this era not only built huge mounds but also maintained a society which felt it necessary to indulge in elaborate tomb burials with grave furniture and human sacrifice is an event of outstanding importance. The present paper, by far the longest in this volume, contains Shook's description of excavations at the mound and Kidder's description of the artifacts encountered in the 2 tombs found therein. Both authors are outstanding in their respective fields. Shook unravels the complex of structures and tombs in E-III-3 with his customary economy and clarity, while Kidder's discussion of the artifacts follows the logical and precise order previously developed by him in his reports on Kaminaljuyu and Uaxactun. Comparative material, almost entirely lacking in this latter section, will presumably be supplied in a forthcoming final report on the pottery of Kaminaljuyu. Smith's short paper describes in detail the pottery from an isolated refuse pit near Coban. Smith believes, with good reason, that this deposit represents a single ceramic phase, and since Alta Verapaz is notable, at least up to now, for its absence of stratigraphy, any effort to isolate and describe material of this kind will be welcomed by future students endeavoring to establish a complete ceramic sequence here. Through association of some of the finer wares with Butler's sequence from the Alta Verapaz, published in The Maya and Their Neighbors, Smith equates his Chipoc phase with Chama 3-4, equivalent to lowland early Tepeu. Also briefly described are pottery vessels from 2 nearby tombs, the date of one being equivalent to late Tepeu, of the other, to Tohil. I confess to some confusion at Smith's definition of the term ware, which, he says, "refers to ceramic groups in each of which form, surface finish, and style of decoration are constant" (p. 224). Surely he does not mean that all of these characteristics are equally similar throughout a giyen ware, for of course they are not, since form and decoration may vary considerably more than surface finish. As a matter of fact, Smith usually employs the latter alone as a criterion of ware, the other features serving to distinguish subdivisions, or types, this being consistent with normal procedure in pottery classification. And yet he names one ware, "Incised Orange-on-cream." Should this not be a type of "Orange-on-cream ware?"


14 Figure 1 Prevalence of C-section deliveries Abstract 14 Figure 2 Rate of identification of maternal complications14 Figure 2 Rate of identification of maternal complications Abstract 14 Figure 3 Rate of complicated pregnancies treated with blood transfusion (per 10,000 institutional deliveries) Abstracts14 Figure 3 Rate of complicated pregnancies treated with blood transfusion (per 10,000 institutional deliveries) Abstracts A22 BMJOQ 2019;8(Suppl 2):A1–A51 coright. on S etem er 3, 2023 by gest. P rocted by ht://bm jopeuality.bm jcom / B M J O en Q ual: frst pulished as 10136/bm joq-19-ihi.14 on 25 N ovem er 219. D ow nladed fom Background Bihar, India has higher maternal mortality rates than the country on average. A Collaborative Quality Improvement (CQI) program was created to improve data transparency and accuracy, with the aim of increasing maternal complication identification and improving key life-saving processes for cesarean section and blood transfusion. Objectives To estimate the impact of the CQI program on identification of maternal complications and use of C-section and blood transfusion for maternal complications in participating hospitals relative to non-participating facilities in Bihar. Methods Ten district hospitals participated in the collaborative from February 2018 to September 2019. Activities included leadership and improvement workshops; learning sessions; and monthly onsite support provided by IHI and CARE India. Data from HMIS was used to assess change from baseline to after the start of the collaborative in CQI district hospitals, compared to non-participating district hospitals for: maternal complication identification, C-sections, and blood transfusions. Results Figures 1–3 illustrate improvement over time for all measures. For example, across all CQI hospitals, control chart methodology suggested C-sections (percent all births) increased from a rate of 6.2% (95% CI 5.9%, 6.7%) at baseline to 8.3% (95% CI 7.8%, 9.0%) after the start of the collaborative. Comparative analysis found C -sections increased by 2.2% (95% CI 1.8%, 2.64%) per month in CQI facilities during the collaborative period, relative to non-CQI facilities. Conclusions Application of this QI collaborative led to improvement in identification of maternal complications and use of C-section and blood transfusion. 15 AN INNOVATIVE INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE RESPECTFUL MATERNITY CARE IN THREE DISTRICTS IN ETHIOPIA Birkety Jembere, Haregeweyni Alemu, Munir Kassa, Kedest Mathewos, Mehiret Abate, Befikadu Bitewulign, Kendra Njkou, Meseret Zelalem, Neil Prose, Hema Magge. IHI, Ethiopia; FMOH, Ethiopia; Duke Global Health Institute, USA 10.1136/bmjoq-2019-ihi.15 Background Disrespect and abuse (D&A) during childbirth are major violations of human rights and often deter women from accessing skilled delivery. In Ethiopia, D&A has been documented to occur in 49.4% of mothers delivering in health facilities. Objectives To describe the development, implementation and results of a novel intervention to improve Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) in three districts in Ethiopia. Methods As part of a national initiative to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality in Ethiopia, we developed a novel RMC training module with three core components; testimonial videos, didactic session on communication, and onsite coaching to devise local solutions that enhance RMC. We implemented these in three districts in each of Oromia; Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' and Tigray regions as of February 2017. We deployed mixed methods to assess effectiveness of the approach. Measures of births with privacy and birth companion from a 27month data from 20 health facilities were analyzed using STATA version 13 for interrupted time series. Facilitated discussion with health care providers was held to assess feedback. Abstract 15 Figure 1 Percentage of births with the companion allowed in three regions in Ethiopia Abstracts15 Figure 1 Percentage of births with the companion allowed in three regions in Ethiopia Abstracts BMJOQ 2019;8(Suppl 2):A1–A51 A23 coright. on S etem er 3, 2023 by gest. P rocted by ht://bm jopeuality.bm jcom / B M J O en Q ual: frst pulished as 10136/bm joq-19-ihi.14 on 25 N ovem er 219. D ow nladed fom


The aim of this research was to find possible relationships between goal orientations, motivational climate, physical self-perception and discipline and the teacher`s gender, satisfaction with physical education and sport activity outside school hours in Spanish physical education students. The sample consisted of 565 students aged between 12 and 16. Participants completed the following scales: Goal Orientations, Motivational Climate in Physical Education Classes, Disciplined-Undisciplined Behaviour and Physical Self-Perception Profile. Correlations were raised among the discipline-indiscipline behaviours, perceptions of the motivational climate, goal orientations and physical self-perceptions. The results showed that students who have a female teacher have higher task-involving motivational climate, discipline, body attractiveness, sport competence, physical condition and self-confidence than those that have a male teacher. Those that are satisfied with physical education have higher task-involving motivational climate, task orientation, discipline, body attractiveness, sport competence, physical condition and self-confidence than those that are not satisfied. Exercisers have higher ego orientation, task orientation, body attractiveness, sport competence, physical condition and self-confidence than non-exercisers.


Like many other industries, health care is increasingly turning to digital information and the use of electronic resources. The Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Value & Science-Driven Health Care hosted three workshops to explore current efforts and opportunities to accelerate progress in improving health and health care with information technology systems.


The perception of a teacher with regards to a child's participation and their practices affect his/her participation in educational institutions. To provide effective participation, teacher's awareness and attitudes towards participation must be examined. This research aims to determine the views of Turkish pre-school and elementary teachers on children's participation in educational institutions. The participants of the study were comprised of 16 teachers employed in public preschools and elementary schools in a province in Turkey's Inner Aegean Region. The teachers' interview form is used as the data collection tool in this study. As a result of the research, it was determined that teachers had a positive perspective on children's participation, they allow for certain conditions to enable participation coupled with decision-making processes in a limited fashion. Furthermore, it was concluded that teachers had methodical difficulties in decision-making and they thought that they needed to improve themselves in promoting participation. Teachers also thought that the teacher, peer relations, and family are effective on the participation.


Method for displaying information on a TV remote control, comprising the steps: - selecting at least one TV program to be displayed on the TV remote control, a TV broadcast on the TV remote control; - reception on the remote control of video signals containing at least the selected television program; - displaying at least one TV program content video signals; - selection on the remote control of additional information relating to the chosen TV program, in which the additional information are selected by sending signals from the remote control to TV via a communication network, particularly a network telephone, a designating device and received by the TV remote control by signals from the communications network; - display additional information on the TV remote control.


Digital Photography (FREE Bonus Included) 39 Methods to Quick Mastering of Digital Photography with Creative Photo Ideas Photography is a common passion and for many digital photography just won't hold the same impact as film. For the same reasons digital photography is also much more user friendly. Digital photographers don't have to get it right in the lens with so many ways of digitally manipulating images it's ok not to get each shot perfect. As social media has shown us even a camera phone can give you great images without the expense of a professional camera. Using digital as a medium might seem daunting if you've only just mastered your point and shoot. There isn't a lot of difference between digital and film media, and all the things like aperture and exposure still apply. Often you'll need to look at simple set-ups to get the hang of handling all the different terminology and adjustments needed. If you've just bought a DSLR this is a good resource for you; including tips on what camera to look at and whether you really need all those fancy megapixels to get wonderful shots. We'll give you some times on composition and some snazzy background tricks you might not have known. Digital photography isn't as complicated as you might think, and even if you get it wrong you can always manipulate it later to save even the worst images. Here is what you will learn after reading this book:What camera?RAW,JPG,NEFExposureCompositionPresets and EditingCrazy Tips Getting Your FREE Bonus Read this book to the end and see "BONUS: Your FREE Gift" chapter after the introduction and conclusion ________ Tags:Digital Photography, Digital Photography Books, digital photography for beginners, digital photography for dummies, digital photography exposure for dummies, digital photography secrets, photography business, digital photography course, digital photographer magazine, digital photography for absolute beginners, photography books, photography basics, photography guide, family photography, instructional photography, camera tips, Photography books, photography cheat sheet


- During the COVID-19 pandemic, front-line personnel worldwide had tremendous psychological stress compared with the general population. High mental stress may lead to job burnout. This paper starts with gathering a job burnout dataset from medical staff and police officers working in Kuwait during the COVID-19 pandemic using a web-based Arabic version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire. The gathered dataset shows that there an elevated burnout rates among the front-line personnel dealing with COVID-19 patients. It utilizes machine learning techniques including AnDE Bayesian, JChaid* decision tree, SVM margin-based, ForestPA Decision forest, and DMLP to predict the presence of job burnout. Then, we present efficient feature subset selection approaches using several metaheuristic methods such as Bat, Cuckoo, PSO, GWO, and CGWO to select the most competent features. Experiments showed that reducing the number of features allows for a better understanding of the underlying model used to make predictions. Results also support the adaptation of deep learning architectures in social sciences when data is relatively small. These results may considerably help to screen out the front-line workers at high risk for job burnout.


e21027 Background: Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is a benign tumor-like structure found in the liver with ill-defined etiology. In asymptomatic patients, serial imaging may be required to monitor...


The crime of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances is one of the most serious phenomena that have spread widely in the world in general and in Iraq in particular, especially after 2003. Therefore, legislators in various countries have adopted a strict criminal policy against drug crimes based on the criminalization of the largest number of acts constituting drug crimes. They impose the most severe penalties against perpetrators. Since adapting a successful criminal policy to combat drug crimes will result in adequate protection for individuals, state authorities and society as a whole to achieve community security at all levels, there should be an identification of the gaps in legislation of drug combating that hinder the combating process. Also, the best ways to address these gaps should be identified.


ABSTRACT
 Pupae of the blueberry maggot, Rhagoletis mendax Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae), were subjected to -20°C for 2, 4, 7, 10, and 15 d (control = 0 d at 4°C) in fall 2011 and 2012 and were allowed to overwinter for at least 181 d at 4°C. Mean adult emergence in the control was 64% in 2012 and 39% in 2013. No adults emerged in May 2012 from 500 pupae treated for >2 d at -20°C in fall 2011. Two adults emerged in May 2013 from 100 pupae treated for 2 d at -20°C in fall 2012. No adults emerged in May 2013 from 400 pupae subjected to -20°C for durations of 4, 7, 10, and 15 d. No adults emerged from larvae concealed in berries subjected to -20°C for >2 d. Exposure of larvae and pupae to cold temperatures (i.e., -20°C) for >2 d can be a valuable nonpesticidal method for killing R. mendax larvae and pupae associated with reusable containers.


The author analyzes the theory and practice of the party membership building,and discusses the countermeasures that how to strengthen the Party membership building in the new period.


Taking the seed of Speirantha gardenia as experiment material,the effects of light and temperature on seed germination of Speirantha gardenii were studied.The results showed that seed germination of Speirantha gardenii under the light of 500 lx,2 500 lx and 5 000 lx in the 24 h illumination were 84.0%,86.7% and 86.7%,respectively.In the conditions of 15 h illumination and 9 h dark,seed germination of Speirantha gardenii under the light of 500 lx and 5 000 lx were 85.9% and 85.2%,and was 89.1% under the light of 2 500 lx.The optimum temperature to Speirantha gardenii seed germintion was 25℃ in the dark treatment,its seed germination rate was 94.7%,dark obviously improved the seed germination,shortened seed germintation duration and enhanced the percentage of its germination.The percentage of Speirantha gardenii seed germination decreased with the change of temperature.


This qualitative study aims to explore the lives of homeless people around Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia especially in the social support aspect of their lives. Twenty (20) informants were involved in this study. Data obtained were analyzed using the content analysis method. The results showed that the homeless were classified as those who had given up hope. Lack of social support resources makes the homeless' lives to be drifted and then further triggers risky behaviour changes. The feelings of isolation and neglect caused the homeless to decide not to have any kind of relationship with their nuclear family. This study has the potential to contribute to the knowledge of social marginalization issues affecting homeless people in Malaysia in general and especially in Georgetown, Penang as well as its implications for the survival and sustainability of these minorities' lives.


A self routing fault-tolerant sorting network that employs an enhanced scheme of the Batcher (1968) sorting network was proposed previously. It consists of two Batcher sorting planes with links provided at every stage to allow cell transfer to and from each sorting network, thereby offering multiple paths between each input-output pair and giving a high degree of fault-tolerance and overcoming the single path limitation of the Batcher sorting network. In this paper, expressions for reliability, mean time to failure, and availability are derived and the numerical results show that the fault-tolerant sorting network has a superior performance compared to Batcher and parallel Batcher sorting networks.


With the quality education and curriculum reform,multiple intelligences as the core theoretical foundation of Chinese education reform has played the increasing role.Students in childhood,is the critical period of intellectual development and personality formation,and how to improve the performance of the primary class teacher,personalized quality education,scientific goal is the important issue of the national training plan.


The article analyzes measures of social protection of population determined by the state programs on the example of a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation: the Khabarovsk territory, Irkutsk and the Amur regions. The main idea is to show how certain categories of citizens receive certain measures of state support in the different constituent entities of the Russian Federation in accordance with the current legislation. It is shown that the constituent entities of the Russian Federation provide for additional measures of social support within the framework of the state programs of social protection adopted by them. Attention is focused on the fact that in the Russian Federation, social support measures are provided on a mandatory basis to all citizens in need of this within the framework of available funding. However, the co-financing of regional programs from the federal budget is not equal to all constituent entities of the Russian Federation (by the example of those analyzed in the article), as a result of which they have unequal opportunities in the implementation of measures of social protection of the population.


BPEL4WS is one of the most well known Business Pro cess development languages. It can be used to develop ex ecutable Business Processes as a combination of Web Services interact ion in a specific sequence called process flow. But still BPEL4WS does not pre sent meaning of a business process so that business processes can be automated in a computer understandable way. On the other hand OWL-S (OWL fo r services) is designed to represent such kind of semantic information. The re exists an overlap in the conceptual model of OWL-S and BPEL4WS that can be u sed to overcome this lack of semantics in BEPL4WS by mapping BPEL4WS to OWL-S. In this paper we are presenting a mapping strategy and a pr ototype tool implementing this strategy to map BPEL processes to OWL-S ontolo gy (Service, Profile, Process Model and Grounding) to overcome the semant ic limitation of


Through the use of high-gain observer to estimate the unmeasurable system states, neural networks (NN) and adaptive robust control (ARC) method are integrated to design performance oriented output feedback control laws for a class of single-input-single-output (SISO) nth-order nonlinear systems in normal form. Multi-layer neural networks (MLNN) with the estimated states as inputs are used to approximate all unknown but repeatable nonlinear functions in the system. A controlled learning is achieved through the use of discontinuous projections with fictitious bounds in the tuning laws for NN weights. Certain robust control terms are constructed to effectively attenuate various model uncertainties and estimation errors for a guaranteed output tracking transient performance and a guaranteed final tracking accuracy in general. In addition, asymptotic output tracking is achieved in the ideal case. Experimental results on the output feedback control of a linear motor drive system are obtained to illustrate the proposed algorithm.


Necessary and sufficient conditions for exponential stability of equilibria are obtained for the resistive, viscous, incompressible magnetohydrodynamic sheet pinch in a gravitational field. Insulating as well as conducting boundaries are considered. The unperturbed magnetic field B0 (horizontal), resistivity η0, viscosity ν0, and mass density ρ0 are permitted to be arbitrary (neither necessarily constant nor small) functions of the vertical coordinate z consistent with the equilibrium equations. In particular, it is shown that: (1) previous results claiming the existence of an exponentially growing "tearing" mode for a constant η0 equilibrium with zero gravity are incorrect, (2) a nonconstant η0 equilibrium with insulating boundaries cannot be gravitationally stabilized, and (3) a nonconstant η0 equilibrium with g(dρ0/dz) ≡ 0 and B0 nonunidirectional is exponentially unstable to all perturbations (i.e., waves of arbitrary wavelength) with certain directions of propagation.


~~~~~~Fig. 1.Korean musical namedNANTA Context Awareness isthemostimportant research areain ubiquitous computing, onwhichmanyresearches arerecently being done. Itwasbecause MarkWeiser, whofirst suggested thenotion 'ubiquitous computing', notedthatbasically the following 4should bereflected[20,21,22]: 1Human-friendly interface, (2) Computing connection atanytime, anywhere, 3 Calmtechnology, 4 Dynamic service. Likethis, Context Awareness isveryimportant toubiquitous computing that isintended toenable natural andconvenient computer useineveryday lives regardless oflocation andtime. Since Context Awareness isimportant, there havebeenlots ofpreceding researches onit.However, there aresome limitations andourapproach totheresolution ofitisasfollow: *Thevagueness ofthedefinition ofcontext :Although there havebeenmanypreceding researches, there isnoagreed definition ofityet. Themainreason ofitisthat wegeneralize andthen trytodefine all thedomains. Here, we aregoing tofocus onthecontext ofjust adomain ofhome. *Thedifficulty inacquiring context :Inreal world, context information isacquired byphysical sensors. Howevermanyresearchers havehardtimeintheir getting context information since they havemostly majored in S/Wpart rather thanH/Wpart. Forthereason, themajority of therelated researchers areapttodotheir modeling and research context conceptually without therealcontext information. Thestudy provides aSimulation Toolkit bywhich those researchers ofContext Awareness intheS/Wpart may acquire context andshare intheir acquired context. *Thevalidity ofacquired context information andits safe sharing :Preceding studies onthethings suchasContext Toolkit havenotgiven anyconsideration tosecurity while acquiring context. Thatis,there havebeennoconsideration toifthe acquired context information wasvalid oriftheapplication requesting theacquired context isdulyauthorized. The ubiquitous computing system should protect individual privacy fromubiquitous sensors. Thatwaswhywehaveconsidered security. Thedevelopment ofCAST(Context-Awareness


Purpose. To compare outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in English- versus non–English-speaking patients. Methods. 193 women and 85 men (mean age, 72 years) underwent 117 left and 161 right primary TKAs. 237 and 41 patients were English and non–English speaking, respectively. Interpretation was provided. Pre- and post-operative functional outcomes were measured using the International Knee Society (IKS) score. Results. Most non–English-speaking patients were female (38 vs 3 of 41, p<0.001). The mean body mass index of non–English-speaking patients was significantly higher (34 vs 31 kg/m2, p=0.003). 14 foreign languages were spoken among the 41 non–English-speaking patients, of which Greek and Italian were the most common. Non–English-speaking patients had significantly worse IKS scores both preoperatively and at the 12-month follow-up. The proportions of poor postoperative IKS scores were significantly higher in non–English-speaking patients (58% vs 27%, p<0.001), in whom pain was also significantly worse (p=0.017). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, being non–English speaking was the only predictor of poor functional outcome at the 12-month follow-up (odds ratio=2.77, confidence interval=1.25–6.14, p=0.012). Conclusion. The non–English-speaking background of a patient is a predictor of less favourable functional outcome after TKA.


Abstract The research paper, an established method of assessment, is not always the best choice of assignments. Its structured format can stifle creativity and inhibit other methods of constructing knowledge. To address these concerns, a liaison librarian partnered with faculty to have students create Scalar projects. Scalar is a free and open-source publishing platform that facilitates the creation of multimedia digital scholarship, making it a great platform to produce engaging interactive visual essays that can transcend academia and foster student content creation. This case study describes several iterations of Scalar assignments that were implemented in seven courses in six disciplines, with four different instruction methods. Variations in the effectiveness of these methods demonstrated the need for interactive in-class instruction and the benefits of the librarian-faculty collaboration.


Nonuniformity is a key factor that influences the performance of the infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPA) imaging system. A nonuniformity correction algorithm based on discrete sequence wavelet transform for IRFPA is presented. The infrared image sequences of detectors are decomposed by the discrete sequence wavelet transform. And then correction coefficients of the offset and the gain for NUC are achieved by calculating the corresponding statistics of the decomposed signal. Finally the NUC is fulfilled. The capability of the algorithm to adaptively correct nonuniformity in IRFPA imagery is demonstrated by using real infrared image sequences with different wavelet function. The algorithm achieves good nonuniformity correction ability.


We explored this further in relation to the electoral laws of Samoa, which have been recently amended. Toa explained to me that after every general election there was a commission of inquiry into how the laws relating to candidacy should be amended and that the main driver for this was to accommodate the fa'amatai (the Samoan chiefly system) within a constitutional democracy. Similarly, the Constitution has recently been


The basic circumstances of thousand-island lake long men canyon ecotourism region were introduced in this paper,and the tourism resources and environments were assessed.The planning principles and development localizations were ascertained.The concepts of functional plan and item setting,some constructive suggestions were put forward.


Wines‐by‐the‐glass programmes are a flexible and profitable means for restaurants to sell wine to customers in a society emphasising moderation. The breadth, depth, prices and types of wine which constitute a well‐designed by‐the‐glass programme are dictated by the style of restaurant, the cuisine and the clientele. Two approaches to the service aspect are also discussed. Glassware and storage facilities also factor into the programme. This article presents some ideas and areas to consider when designing a successful and profitable wines‐by‐the‐glass programme.


| This is an experience report on a mini course given in the context of the I Congress of Chronic Pediatric Conditions of the IFF/FIOCRUZ, whose main focus was to promote a space for reflection with health professionals on intersubjective aspects of care in the hospital environment. The active methodology format was adopted because it allows for a greater exchange moment. About the shared experiences, the reports were mostly related to the suffering and death of children.


At the outset, two Life Cycle Inventories (Lci) of plaster are discussed. Lci of plasters exist of three stages, extraction of resources, the processing of materials and the manufacturing of the product. Calculations are made with the matrix method. Sensitivity analysis has been used to assess the system response following a modification in electric power parameter.


An algorithm is given for constructing a binary tree of minimum weighted path length for n nonnegative weights under the constraint that no path length exceed a given bound L. The number of operations required is proportional to $Ln^2 $. Such problems, which impose an additional constraint on the usual Huffman tree, arise in many applications, including computer file searching and the construction of optimal prefix codes under certain practical conditions.


Classification of natural flow regimes of non-perennial rivers and streams (NPRS) is an incipient field of research. NPRS represent approximately 70% of the total Mediterranean rivers and are expected to increase in the next decades as a result of climate change. Due to the ecological importance of NPRS and the need to improve national ecological assessment methods within the scope of the Water Framework Directive (WFD), this paper aims to classify the hydrological regime of 69 non-regulated streams, testing several hydrological indices related to the frequency, duration, timing, and rate of change in periods of flow cessation. Using daily flow records, a total of 315 indices were calculated and their relationships were examined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for different thresholds used to define zero-flow condition set at 0, 1, 2, and 5 l/s. Redundancy analysis identified five indices that better describe the patterns of hydrological variability in Mediterranean NPRS: number of days per year without flow, annual percentage of months without flow, mean daily of annual flows, coefficient of variation of Julian date of the annual start of zero flow and annual rise rate. Using these indices, a self-organizing map (SOM) was trained in order to categorize the NPRS into three groups with similar hydrological features. The results of this study provide a statistically-based hydrological classification of NPRS in Mediterranean environments. We expect that this classification will provide useful insights to water authorities to improve the assessments of the ecological status in this set of water bodies. Hydrological classification of non-perennial Mediterranean rivers and streams: a new insight for their management within the WFD Juan Diego Alcaraz-Hernández, Joaqúın Soler, Gabriel Mezger, Alfredo Corrochano Codorńıu, Belén Calleja Arriero, Fernando Magdaleno. 1 TRAGSATEC Group, C/Julián Camarillo, 6B, 28037 Madrid, Spain. Water Directorate, Ministry for the Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge, Plaza San Juan de la Cruz, 10, 28071 Madrid, Spain.


Concrete of the present toil is to check the sensibility of peoples about the effects, signs and treatment of melioidosis. Melioidosis is an infective disorder which is produced by gram negative bacterium, Burkholderiapseudomallei. About 75 subjects answered the questionnaire from which it is determined that melioidosis is not much fatal as its cure is available.


Just like the traditional electronic game only these are much, much larger. These inflatable units are sure to entertain guests of all ages and probably bring back some memories as well.


The present invention discloses a method for preparing 4,6-dichloropyrimidine comprising the following steps: 1) A mixture of 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine, phosphorus oxychloride and phosphorus trichloride five mixing, the reaction temperature 50-110 ℃ stop, until the 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine content of less than 1% of the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled to 30 deg.] C; or the 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine and phosphorus oxychloride mixture, temperature 50-110 ℃ after the reaction of phosphorus pentachloride was added portionwise until reaction was stopped when 1% of 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine content below, the reaction mixture was cooled to 30 ℃; 2) distilling the reaction mixture under reduced pressure to recover phosphorus oxychloride; 3 ) in step 2) the phosphorus oxychloride reaction mixture was purified to give the recovery of 4,6-dichloropyrimidine. Namely, the present invention proposes a method without using 4,6-dichloropyrimidine organic base, an organic base to avoid recycling and reuse tedious process, and recycled phosphorus oxychloride to achieve recycling of resources is avoided waste, and will not produce large amounts of phosphorus-containing waste liquid and waste residue.


How to use the Unified Modeling Language to design the relation database is introduced. Merging the process of designing database and the process of designing the whole software, providing the object-oriented design flow of relation database, which is consisted of business modeling, system analysis and design, and mapping of model, and discusses the artifice of mapping the classes into tables.


During the monthly field survey along the sandy beaches of Pondicherry in the southeast coast of India, fresh but empty capsules of Rapana rapiformis were collected and capsules with strange features were photographed. The gastropod exhibited three striking features in depositing its egg capsules (i) R. rapiformis selected the egg capsules of Chicoreus virgineus for depositing its capsules (ii) R. rapiformis produced layered and branched capsules, (iii) 4-5 capsules are laid on the apex of single capsule of C. virgineus. The probable reasons/factors for such egg capsule deposition were discussed.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent the problem of a whisker from being generated in a zinc coating on a steel sheet. SOLUTION: A metal sheet for an electronic housing that has zinc covering a steel base and a thin metal film covering a zinc coating covering on one surface or both surfaces of a sheet and preferably consisting of a copper thin film and the metal thin film are created. The metal thin film reduces the formation of the whisker of zinc of the zinc coating. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO


The storage and production of hydrogen are the main problem for fuel cell applications. Hydrogen storage technologies can be separated into physical storage, where hydrogen is stored as a liquefied or compressed gas, and chemical storage, where metals and other materials adsorbed hydrogen. Chemical hydrides are a well-known class of compounds that have the high hydrogen capacity. Of these hydrides, sodium borohydride (NaBH4), is more stable according to other chemical hydrides and more easily convert to H2 in presence of catalysis. NaBH4 can be produced in many different ways by using different materials such as various boron minerals, boron products, methyl borate esters, metal hydride...etc. In the present study methyl borate, used as a starting material in NaBH4 production process, was synthesized from borax mineral. Obtained product was identified by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). In addition, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FT-IR) was used for characterization of methyl borate azeotrope and synthesized methyl borate.


The article analyzes the works of domestic lawyers regarding the establishment of a trust management institution in Ukraine. The social and legal preconditions of the institute of trust management of property are revealed. The concept of "trust management of property" is defined. The sphere of application of the legal institute of trust management of property is considered.


PURPOSE: A method and an apparatus for setting a wireless LAN of a device are provided to automatically supply setting mode information of a WPS support device to which a wireless LAN terminal is accessible, thereby enabling a user to easily use a WPS support network. CONSTITUTION: A method for setting a wireless LAN of a device comprises the following steps. Information of a wireless LAN device supporting wireless security setting is searched by scanning accessible wireless LAN devices. User interface information related to the wireless LAN setting of the device is provided according to the search result of the wireless LAN device supporting the wireless security setting. Information of the wireless LAN device supporting the wireless security setting is first provided.


In modern society, there is a deficit of psychological knowledge, there are no psychological culture, suggesting interest to another person, and the respect of the peculiarities of his personality. The solution of this problem in the process of teaching students at the University decides the Cabinet of psychological counseling.


The authors identify the main challenges facing engineering students and instructors during hands-on design projects and give an overview of the mentor-managed approach they take in a first year design course. Key features of the course include mentor management, choosing a design challenge of a suitable scope, providing an appropriate systematic design methodology, and structuring the design project around staged deliverables. They describe, in more detail, two distinctive components of the course: usability testing with modified design walkthroughs, and an introduction to creative practice and design through a Scrapheap Challenge.


The anomalous Ward identity ${\ensuremath{\partial}}_{0}$${G}^{a}$=i(${D}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$${j}^{\ensuremath{\mu}}$${)}^{a}$ which was found by Fujikawa via path integration is discussed in the Hamiltonian framework. We obtain an answer to the following question: Why do electric fields become noncommutative as found by Jo through the Bjorken-Johnson-Low method? We also obtain a meaning for the descent procedure of Faddeev which yields the Schwinger term in the algebra of the Gauss-law constraint operators.


The saturation and replacement of hydrogen isotopes implanted into 304 stainless steel vacuum wall at 300 K under RF discharge and RF-DC glow discharge has been studied from partial pressure measurements of desorbed isotopes. The bombarding ion flux on the wall are 12×1013 ions/cm2·s. The energy of H2+ or D2+ ion is determined by acceleration with space potential produced in discharge plasma, and is about 40 eV for RF discharge and 300 eV for RF-DC glow discharge. The hydrogen and deuterium saturation concentrations in the wall surface are 4.2×1015 and 1.3×1016 molecules/cm2 for ion bombardment of 40 eV and 300 eV, respectively. Nearly 90% of desorbed gas in isotopic exchange process is HD molecule. The desorption rate is expressed by inverse-exponential function with time. The time constant is proportional to isotope concentration and inversely proportional to bombarding ion flux.Experimental results show that the local mixing model (LMM) is still valid for such ion implantation in lower energy region less than 1 keV. But LMM must be corrected for explanation of the isotope exchange process under plasma ion bombardment at 40 eV. Two-component inverse-exponential functions are observed in the replacement. The function of component 2 is explained by adopting an effective trapping coefficient, although another function of component 1 can be described by LMM.


ABSTRACT. The use of the magnetotelluric method (MT) in Brazil has been predominantly focused on understanding large geological structures. In the 80's the method began to be used in petroleum exploration. Early results have been considered unsatisfactory. We modeled the MT response for the geology of the Solimoes Upper Amazon Basin, one of the first basins where MT work was done in Brazil, where basalts sills are common, and showed its difference in comparison with the seismic section. The synthetic seismic sect obtained for the Solimoes Basin allows observation of the shallow diabase sill only. However, for MT, the presence of the sill, especially if it is slightly magnetic, increases the depth of investigation possible, or allows the MT method at the very least to investigate the basement better than is possible with the seismic method. Keywords : magnetotelluric, MT, Solimoes Basin, diabase sill, modeling, a priori information. RESUMO. O uso do metodo magnetotelurico (MT) no Brasil tem sido predominantemente focado na compreensao de grandes estruturas geologicas. Nos anos 80, o metodo comecou a ser usado na exploracao de petroleo. Os primeiros resultados foram considerados insatisfatorios. Modelamos a resposta MT para a geologia da Bacia do Solimoes, uma das primeiras bacias onde foi realizado levantamento MT no Brasil, onde soleiras de diabasio sao comuns, para comparacao com a secao sismica modelada para o mesmo local. A secao sismica sintetica obtida para a Bacia do Solimoes permite a observacao apenas da soleira de diabasio mais rasa. Entretanto, para o MT, a presenca da soleira, especialmente se ela e ligeiramente magnetica, aumenta a profundidade de investigacao possivel, ou ao menos permite que o metodo MT investigue o embasamento melhor do que e possivel com a seccao sismica. Palavras-chave : magnetotelurico, MT, Bacia do Solimoes, soleira de diabasio, modelagem, informacao a priori .


The investigation of attenuation of shock waves propagating over complex geometries is an important and fundamental topic of shock wave research. However, previous studies have been mostly for two-dimensional and relatively simple geometries. In this study, the result of shock wave attenuation over an array of spheres is visualized quantitatively by sequential holographic interferometry in a 60 mm X 150 mm diaphragmless shock tube with very repeatable performance. Interferograms have been re-arranged in time order so as to present an animated display. This dynamic display allows one readily to understand the development of complex shock wave interactions. For comparison two cases were examined: arrayed spheres and arrayed cylinders. It is revealed that for identical initial conditions and blockage ratio, shock waves attenuate more quickly in the case of the arrayed spheres than in arrayed cylinders.


As one of the advanced management modes for 21 century, Supply Chain Management(SCM) is drawing more and more attention in recent years, and the research on SCM modeling has gained remarkable achievement. This paper constructs a complex multi plant, multi distribution center, multi product and multi stage mathematical model of the integrated supply chain for one food production company and designs a hybrid algorithm of Genetic Algorithm and Linear Programming (Simplex Method) to solve the model.


Mobile shoppers have encountered frequent color mismatch in the products that they have purchased, as they can only rely on their sense of sight. Therefore, fabric color and color difference recognized by smartphone display during mobile shopping were studied using instrument analysis method. It aimed to gather precise information on actual fabric color understanding of the mobile shoppers purchasing textile products. Three smartphones were selected from LG, Samsung, and Apple companies, and four colors were researched (red, yellow, green and blue) to both polyester and wool test fabrics for color analysis though color measuring instruments. The results from the spectrophotometer indicated that the color coordinate location of smartphone fabric color is similarly distributed regardless of the type of fabric. The Samsung smartphone displays a relatively high color chroma (especially on red-colored fabric) regardless of the type of fabric due to a high color reproduction range. In contrast, the LG smartphone, which has high color temperature, displays high color chroma on the blue colored fabric with a significant color mismatch between the actual fabric color and smartphone fabric color. From the results of this study, issues related to mobile shopping can be addressed through an analysis of the products sold, the smartphone's color representation, and user understanding.


We consider the scheduling problem of cyclic job shop with assembly/disassembly tasks. Such a problem is made of several jobs, each job consisting of tasks (assembly/disassembly tasks and transformation tasks) being assigned to machines in a cyclic way. Many methods have been proposed to solve the cyclic scheduling problem. Among them, we focus on the mathematical programming approach. We will propose here an improvement of an existing mathematical model for cyclic scheduling with assembly tasks andWork-In-Process minimization.


UWB pulse radar systems are promising candidates for a high range resolution imaging in a near field. We have already proposed rapid and robust imaging algorithm with envelope of spheres. It can realize stable 3-D imaging for an arbitrary target shape without derivative operations. However, the estimated image with this method is distorted especially around the target edges and wedges due to waveform deformations. In this paper, we propose fast and high-resolution 3-D imaging algorithm by directly compensating for these distortions with a spectrum offset correction. The application examples with numerical simulations and an experiment verify that the proposed method accomplishes highspeed, accurate 3-D imaging, including target edges, with the order of 1/100 center wavelength of the UWB pulse. (6 pages)


Although hosting the 'Union Européenne de Football Association' (UEFA) and having co‐organized the 2008 European Championship, Switzerland is deliberately still a non‐member of the European Union. This evokes the question about football's role in the negotiation of Switzerland's placement within Europe. Football and 'Swissness' have been linked at several times in modern Swiss history, even though the record of the Swiss national football team is rather poor, unlike Switzerland's political stability, economic prosperity and democratic traditions. This article will first give a concise overview of modern Switzerland's placement within Europe in general. The second section explores the relationship between football, national consciousness and Switzerland's place in Europe from the late nineteenth to the early twenty‐first centuries. In the third section, the link of this triangle to the relationship of Switzerland's linguistic communities is analysed, and the last section discusses the impact of the 2008 European Championship on Switzerland's placement within Europe.


In the second round of the FIFA World Cup soccer finals in Germany in 2006, Australia played Italy. The occasion was pure theatre, and the ending a worthy dramatic dénouement. In the very last seconds of the game, Italy was awarded a dubious penalty. Viewers around the world studied in ominous silence a close up of the impassive face of Francesco Totti as he prepared to kick. The ball ended up in the net and a second later the whistle blew for full time. Even the commentator seemed to acknowledge that this incident had its roots in dramatic genre according to Aristotle's dictates, by saying "It's cruel, oh so cruel," and shrieking "It's a tragedy...Australia's dream is over." Meanwhile, Totti had done something peculiar. He stuck his thumb in his mouth and trotted around the verge of the field, either sucking or biting his thumb. Was I, at this moment, the only one amongst the millions watching, to recall a famous moment in drama?


An area of snow and ice 400 m wide and 105 m deep began melting at the summit crater of Mount Chiginagak volcano sometime between November 2004 and early May 2005, presumably due to increased heat flux from the hydrothermal system, or possible magma intrusion and degassing. In early May 2005, an estimated 3.8 x 106 m 3 of sulfurous, clay-rich debris and acidic water, with an accompanying acidic aerosol component, exited the crater through a tunnel at the base of a glacier that breaches the south crater rim. Over 27 km downstream, the acidic waters of the flood inundated an important salmon spawning drainage, acidifying Mother Goose Lake from surface to depth (approximately 0.5 km in volume with a pH of 2.9 to 3.1), killing all aquatic life, and preventing the annual salmon run. Crater lake water sampled 8 km downstream of the summit outflow after considerable dilution from glacial meltwater was a weak sulfuric acid solution (pH = 3.2, SO4 = 504 mg/L, CI = 53.6 mg/L, and F = 7.92 mg/L). The acid flood waters caused severe vegetation damage including plant death and leaf kill along the flood flow path. The flood was accompanied by an ambioructic flow of acidic aerosols that followed the flood flow-path, contributing to defoliation and necrotic leaf damage to vegetation in a 29 km 2 area along and above affected streams, in areas to heights of over 150 m in elevation above the drainage. Moss species killed in the event contained high levels of sulfur indicating an extremely elevated atmospheric sulfur content. The most abundant airborne phytotoxic constituents were likely wet sulfuric acid aerosols in possible combination with dry SO2 gas that were released during the catastrophic partial crater-lake drainage event. Two mechanisms of acidic aerosol formation are proposed: (1) generation of aerosol mist through turbulent flow of acidic water, and (2) catastrophic gas exsolution. This previously undocumented phenomenon of simultaneous vegetation-damaging acidic aerosols accompanying an acid crater lake drainage has important implications for the study of hazards associated with active volcanic crater lakes.


The aim of this study was to compare the effects of computer-based learning and traditional method on students' attitudes and achievement towards analytical chemistry. Students from Chemistry Education Department at Dokuz Eylul University (D.E.U) were selected randomly and divided into three groups; two experimental (Eg-1 and Eg-2) and a control (Cg). In teaching analytical chemistry topics, two different computer based methods new analytical chemistry learning software called HEHAsit (Method A) and a Microsoft Excel program (Method B)- were prepared by us and applied to Eg-1 and Eg-2, respectively. Whereas the last group (Cg) was taught by the traditional method (Method C). In the comparison of the effects of the three methods, we developed an attitude questionnaire and an achievement test related to Analytical chemistry, and applied to students in all three groups. Students' attitudes towards computers were also tested by a computer attitude test developed by us. As a result of the study, significant differences between control group and both experimental groups and between experimental groups on computer attitudes and analytical chemistry attitudes were found. Furthermore, analytical chemistry achievement in experimental groups was significantly higher from the control group.


In order to give attention to BLP model and Biba model in process of implementing multi-level security system,the lattice theory shaped in math of security model sensitivity labels sets is analyzed. A security theoretical model of sensitivity labels lattice is proposed,which can fuse these two models. The information confidentiality and integrity are labeled. By setting up new sensitivity labels lattice theoretical models,the theory basis is provided to information security research.


Editor,—Map-dot epithelial dystrophy, also called Cogan's microcystic dystrophy,1 is a well known and relatively frequent clinical entity. The microscopic basis for the biomicroscopic appearance of the typical superficial corneal opacities and epithelial erosions are intraepithelial cysts and a multilaminated or bilaminated aberrant epithelial basement membrane.1-5Therefore, the term epithelial basement membrane dystrophy has been introduced by some authors.5

We report a patient with Cogan's corneal dystrophy with histologically proved erythrocyte inclusions in the intraepithelial cysts and a conspicuous clinical appearance not before described.

### CASE REPORT

In March 1995 a 48-year-old white man reported to our clinic with typical symptoms of recurrent epithelial microerosions mainly on his right eye. He complained of early morning pain and reduced vision for a few weeks but could not recall an earlier ocular trauma. He did not wear contact lenses. Biomicroscopically, bright red intraepithelial inclusions in the corneal epithelium were found in …


When technological development progresses, human interference has become less common, and machines are being used for diverse activities and humans' health. Currently, fire misfortunes still keep happenings running, place human life and properties at risk, and find fires impossible to save lives. In these situations, a robot is used to defend human lives, property and the world from the flames. This model is an IoT robot which detects fire. The robot may be told regarding its activity and disabled. An air pump or a fire style carbon dioxide pump small stretches. Medium lengths. The combination of fire and carbon monoxide is identified via the mounted sensors that generate a graph. The research is often valuable for supplying supplementary details health officials inhaled over the quantity of hazardous gas the inhabitants of the impacted region over a span such that adequate steps can be taken to repair the injury.