The present invention provides a novel all-metal frame LTE antenna includes a PCB board, the metal frame part and an antenna, the metal frame disposed around the PCB and connected thereto. One end of the PCB is provided with a clearance area, the antenna portion is provided in the clearance zone, the antenna portion includes a radiation portion and a feed portion connected thereto, the radiation portion further formed with a metal frame attached to the radiation loop, and generating a first high frequency resonance. Are provided between the PCB and the antenna portion is provided adjacent to both end sides of the metal frame has a first slot portion and a second slot portion, the first portion and the second groove portions each groove communicating with the clearance area, The first groove portion generates the second high frequency resonator, a second groove portion generates a first low frequency resonance. The invention fully utilize the groove between the metal frame and the PCB board radiation and broadband characteristics, and there is no slit is provided on the metal frame, it is aesthetically pleasing.


The increase in strength requirements for wall materials for stretching and bending while maintaining or reducing their average density scientifically justified. The research shows that the technology of autoclaved gas silicate currently does not allow achieving the required level of properties. Therefore, the construction industry practically does not produce large-sized products. Fibro-foam concrete is a modern energy-saving building material. It has a universal set of positive operational properties. The possibility of its use in bending elements of building structures is scientifically substantiated and experimentally confirmed. Taking into account modern advances of the development of production technologies of composite materials, the authors propose to consider the possibility of using new types of rod reinforcement in flexible building structures of limited bearing capacity. The results of the experimental evaluation of the adhesion strength of fibro-foam concrete with rod reinforcement (metal and composite) are given. The positive effect of composite rod reinforcement on the magnitude of its adhesion with fibrofoam is established.


Hole defects and uneven membrane thicknesses can lead to poor performance, especially in the separation stability of ceramic membranes. This paper uses a one-step sintering method, which avoids hole defects and uneven membrane thicknesses, for the preparation of high-performance and defect-free ceramic membranes. For this purpose, two kinds of ceramic membrane slurry with high or low viscosities were prepared by alumina particles, as raw materials. Both the effects of the two coating process with a one-step coating method for low-viscosity slurry, and the two-step coating method with a high viscosity flush after a low viscosity coating, on the surface properties of a ceramic membrane, were studied in detail. The result shows that the properties of ceramic membranes can be improved by a two-step coating method, with a high viscosity flush after a low viscosity coating, A high-performance and defect-free ceramic membrane was obtained by one-step sintering at 1450 °C for 2 hr with 7 wt % solid content and a coating time of 11 s.


A large body of applications have been built which use a message-passing style of inter-process communication. Thus, it is important to be able to support eecient message-passing even on shared-memory computers. Unfortunately, `direct' porting of message-passing packages to shared-memory computers invariably produces unacceptably poor performance. In this paper, we discuss schemes for eeciently implementing the primi-tives of two commonly-used message-passing packages { PVM and TCGMSG { through the ALLCACHE memory of KSR computers. First, we describe a generic interface for message-passing and buuering, and map the speciic calls of these two packages on to this generic interface. We then derive analytical results about the achievable bandwidth for message-passing via the shared ALLCACHE memory on KSR machines. Further, we describe a simple but widely-used benchmark called ping-pong, and report the performance of this benchmark on our implementation of each of the two message-passing packages. Finally, we suggest some new features to the system software on KSR machines which might support such packages more eeciently, and point out some drawbacks in the interfaces of the packages which hinder their eecient implementation on multiprocessors.


Abstract : Transient displacement distributions in fracturing epoxy plates were determined experimentally in centrally notched epoxy plates of approximately 16' x 4' x 0.2' in size. The Moire fringe method in conjunction with a microflash unit was used to photographically record the transient displacement fields in the fracturing plates. Transient Moire fringe patterns were either scanned by a microdensitometer for accurate determination of the locations of fractional fringes or Westergaard's stress functions were fitted to data points obtained by direct measurements. In most cases, the displacement distributions in the vicinity of the running crack tips varied as the square root of r. The dynamic stress intensity factors for cases considered were approximately 2.3 to 5.5 times the static fracture toughness of the material. Distribution of normal strains in the longitudinal direction, of principal strains, and of maximum shear strains were determined for various crack tip locations in the plates. These results showed qualitative agreement between available theoretical and experimental results for comparable solutions. (Author)


The drastic decline in the hydrometeorological network in developing countries since 1980 has marked another major phase in the application of computing and information systems to hydrological science. The computing era has brought about the development of a more reliable hydrological information system, complex mathematical and statistical modelling and simulation in hydrology and the PUB approach. This paper examines the prospects of the NigeriaSat-1 data for hydrological model parameterization towards sustainable water resources management in Nigeria.


The paper describes research carried out in order to investigate preventing efficiency and growth stimulating efficiency of new probiotic vetom 1.29 and finding out its efficient dose and dosage frequency when growing black-and-white calve; vetom 1.29 is based on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens of DSM 24614 strain. The research demonstrates the intensified growth rate and physiological characteristics of the calves from experimental groups in comparison with ones from the control group. The authors identify the calves from the 1st experimental group are subject to the highest growth rate; these calves take the specimen dosed 0.5 mkl/ kg of body weight two times a day in a day. The calves from the 1st group are characterized by intensified absolute and relative growth rate, average daily bodyweight gain and livestock development, exactly chest girth and withers height. The publication declares the specimen didn't influence toxically the calves' organism and calves livability was equal to 100 %.


This writing aims to find out how land ownership rights for Foreign Citizens as regulated in the Agrarian Basic Law (UPPA) Number 5 of 1960, in the UPPA regulate the prohibition on land ownership for Foreign Citizens. This is to reduce the existence of ownership rights to land for foreigners. Because in addition to keeping the land of Indonesian citizens not controlled by the foreigners also helping Indonesian citizens to be able to use their land to support their lives. Prohibition of land ownership rights for foreign nationals as stipulated in Article 21 of the BAL there are also exceptions to the prohibition, foreigners can use the right to use to build buildings or open a business. The method used is the empirical normative legal research method, namely the incorporation of normative legal provisions (laws) with empirical elements (legal events in society/social elements).


were given by the mouth, causing still further evacuation, but without affording much relief. July 12th.?Tympanites in situation of ascendipg colon. Turpentine stupe and enema prescribed. July 13th.?The hospital assistant reported that the above treatment had afforded temporary relief, but that the tympanites was now worse than ever. On examination, the space between the liver, the bladder and the middle line of the abdomen was found tympanitic, although the bowels had acted. Chloroform was administered without producing the least diminution of the distension, so I pierced the swelling iu the situation of the


Those who know death know mourning. Those who know mourning know the meaning of empty spaces that we all wish had stayed filled. But do we, or even can we, as the few members of this society who habitually reflect upon the tragedies and triumphs of the past, fully understand the immensity of the suffering we dwell upon while wandering our battlefields? [excerpt]


Some may think the presentation of this subject from this standpoint is emphasizing the importance of trivial things, but a few minutes spent in considering it will be minutes well spent for the integrity and symmetry in the development of the lower part of the faces of those entrusted to our care. We seldom see a perfectly developed human frame, or a frame entirely free from deformity, and this truth is even more true of the face than of almost any other part of the frame. I have for years had a good opportunity to observe the mouth and jaws, and to some it may come as a surprise that it is a very rare thing to find a person the two sides of whose jaws, either upper or lower, are alike. We all know that in the growth or development of the child into the adult the head as


Endoscopic resection of early gastrointestinal cancer,including endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD),has been increasingly accepted and used. The evidence suggests that lesions larger than 15 mm cannot be resected in one piece using the EMR technique. However,specimen of en bloc resection is critically important for pathological evaluation. ESD is a new endoscopic technique developed on this demand. For localized intramucosal lesion,ESD is not limited by the size of lesion,and is expected to replace conventional surgical operation in a certain proportion of early gastrointestinal cancer. However,it requires higher level of endoscopic skill and cautious and full pre-operative evaluation of the lesions including extent of lesion and infiltrating depth,and may associate with a higher incidence of severe complications,such as bleeding and perforation peri-and post-operatively. Indication,technique,and pathological assessment of ESD need to be further improved and perfected. Because ESD has many merits in the management of early gastrointestinal cancer,it is worth for endoscopists in hospitals with proper facilities to emphasize and perform this technique.


Task specification for robot manipulators continues to be a time consuming and expensive process, limiting their rapid deployment for industrial applications. This is especially true for the automation of sensor-based tasks, where the robot should adapt to uncertainties and disturbances in the environment. Previous work showed how robot task specification can be eased by using the task function approach to synthesize a robot controller. The main novelty of this paper is to further ease task specification by also using the task function approach to synthesize an estimator, which can be used to estimate geometric position uncertainties and the disturbances acting on them. Furthermore, as a result of the duality between control and estimation, an existing constraint-based robot task specification framework can be reused to perform both control and estimation without modification. The approach is validated on the well-known force-controlled contour following task. It is shown that, as expected, when disturbances are estimated and compensated for, the force tracking errors can be substantially decreased, while the contour following speed can be substantially increased. The presented approach can be used to enable rapid deployment of sensor-based applications while significantly improving the control performance compared to current industrial practice.


Oxidative biology is an area that is emerging from the shadows as being a potential mechanism of disease and a consequent therapeutic option. Oxidative biology has a long history in psychiatry. The first paper examining oxidative biology in psychiatry appeared as early as 1934. In that paper, Looney andChilds (1) showed lowered levels of glutathione in people with major psychiatric disorders. Glutathione is one of the dominant free radical scavengers, and is a key component of endogenous redox pathways in many tissues including the brain. There have been sporadic attempts to modulate oxidative biology in psychiatry. Perhaps the best known of these are the attempts to utilize conventional antioxidants such as vitamin E in the treatment of schizophrenia, particularly in extrapyramidal side effects such as tardive dyskinesia. These have had relatively mixed successes. The focus, however, has shifted from exogenous antioxidants such as vitamin E to the endogenous antioxidant pathways, particularly the glutathione pathway. There are now a number of studies that have looked at peripheral markers of oxidative biology in major psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (2–4), bipolar disorder (4,5), autism (6–9) and unipolar major depression (5,10). In essence, there is a concordance of findings emanating from these studies showing alterations redox status in a multitude of psychiatric disorders. Such findings include dysregulation of peripheral glutathione function as well as disruptions of other components of the antioxidant cascade, including enzymes with a key role in oxidative biology such as catalase. In general, these studies support increased oxidative stress in association with acute phases of illness. Such stress has been shown to be reduced by therapy of the particular disorder, for example with antidepressants in depression (10), and have been shown to be greatest in those individuals with the highest symptom rating scores. There is also novel genetic data that there are polymorphisms of the gene glutathione cysteine ligase, a key component of the glutathione metabolic pathway, that may be a vulnerability factor for schizophrenia (11). There is further evidence that current psychotropic agents may have a role in oxidative biology. Some such as haloperidol have pro-oxidative effects (12), whereas others, particularly lithium and valproate have significant in vitro antioxidant effects. Some authors (13) have postulated that this may one of the therapeutic mechanisms of mood stabilizers in bipolar disorder. Dopamine, a key transmitter implicated in schizophrenia has oxidative potential, and this may be a factor in hyperdopaminergic states such as psychosis and mania. There is a single neuroimaging study with magnetic resonance spectroscopy, showing that levels of glutathione in the brain in people with schizophrenia are indeed reduced (14). Studies have also shown evidence of the secondary effects of oxidative stress, in particular increased levels of lipid peroxidation that is documented in major psychiatric disorders. Such lipid peroxidation affects neuronal membrane function and viability (15). Oxidative stress has also been shown to be a pathway to apoptosis, which is a mechanism of programmed cell death thatmay be part of the mechanism of the tissue loss evident in many disorders. The notion of increased oxidative stress in the acute phases of illness indirectly suggests that this may be a common pathway related to the findings of neurostructural and neurofunctional change that is documented in major psychiatric disorders. This link may open the path to interventions that may have a neuroprotective role. These data are converging to suggest that dysregulation of oxidative biology with resultant oxidative stress may be a significant pathophysiological finding in people with major psychiatric disorders as well as suggesting that attempts to modulate oxidative biology may be fruitful. Glutathione itself is not orally bioavailable; however, its precursor cysteine is effectively replenished by using N-acetylcysteine, which is bioavailable and does cross the blood–brain barrier. There are a handful of preliminary studies that suggest that N-acetyl-cysteine may have some effects in people with psychiatric disorders. Small studies (16) have appeared in the literature examining Nacetyl-cysteine in cocaine use as well as in gambling. Attempts to study the effects of modulations of oxidative biology in primary major psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are well underway and should be available shortly. N-acetyl-cysteine is already widely available for indications including paracetamol overdose and as a renal protectant and has an established safety and tolerability profile. There is renewed hope that it might be a useful adjunct in clinical situations where current therapies are suboptimal.


A model is presented for magnetoelectric (ME) effects in the region of electromechanical resonance (EMR) for ferrite-piezoelectric nanobilayers, nanopillars, and nanowires on a substrate or a template. Influence of the lattice mismatch on the material parameters and ME interactions has been taken into account using the classical Landau–Ginsburg–Devonshire phenomenological thermodynamic theory. The clamping effect of the substrate for nanobilayers and nanopillars or template for nanowires have been considered in determining the ME voltage coefficient. The model is applied to nickel ferrite-lead zirconate titanate nanostructures on strontium titanate substrate or template. It is shown that the ME coupling strength decreases with increasing substrate or template volume fraction. For increasing thickness of substrate for a bilayer or the template radius for a nanowire (i) the ME coefficient drops exponentially and (ii) EMR frequency increases. For nanopillars on a substrate, a fine structure is predicted in t...


OF COURSE, POLITICS IS IN THE N E W S ALL THE TIME A N D SOME FOLKS have been a b it cynical about it. I grew up in Oklahom a, w hich is a little south o f Nebraska, the hom e state o f th e New School p residen t and fo rm er sena to r from Nebraska, Bob Kerry. O klahom a is th e b irthp lace o f a cowboy com e dian, W ill Rogers, who had m any wise and w itty sayings about politics. I really w anted to use his quips w hen I was in W ashington—but W ill Rogers said things like: "I'm n o t a m em ber o f any organized party—I'm a Democrat!" or "A fool and his m oney are soon elected!" or "Be th an k  ful we are no t getting all th e governm ent we are paying for!" It ju s t w ouldn't have worked. Although an Okie, I am n o t quite as cynical about American politics as W ill Rogers. W ith all its faults—and they are veiy m uch in evidence these days—there doesn't seem to be a superior m odel out there. I w ould agree th a t politics in th is coun try has been particu  larly ugly since th e mid-1990s. One tu rn in g point was th e election o f 1994, w hich brough t us the Gingrich revolution and the tu rm oil th a t followed. But in som e ways th in g s got even worse as we experienced "shock and aw e" a t the daw n o f the new m illennium . First, it was the presidential election of 2000—at least it shocked Democrats. Then, on 9/11, we were stunned by th e horrors o f terro rist attacks on Am erican targets, including th e destruc tion o f the W orld Trade C enter in New York City, and the tragic deaths o f nearly 3,000 innocent people. That


FIELD: measurement technology. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to method of detecting urine and/or faeces, involving: determination of concentration of at least one gaseous component, indicating urine and concentration of at least one gaseous component, indicating faeces. Method involves recording – for each gaseous component – of characteristic (10, 11) corresponding to change in concentration of each gaseous component in time; comparing of said recorded characteristics (10, 11) with given characteristic (12, 13) for corresponding gaseous component; indication of presence of urine, if registered at least one characteristic of gaseous component indicating urine mainly corresponds to specified characteristic of same gaseous component; and indication of presence of faeces, if registered characteristic (10, 11) of at least one gaseous component indicating faeces mainly corresponds to preset characteristic (12, 13) of same gaseous component. Invention also relates to system for detecting urine and/or faeces. EFFECT: method and system for detecting urine and/or faeces are proposed. 17 cl, 2 dwg


The paper is devoted to the cognitive-semantic analysis of lexical units verbalizing one of the fragments of the concept «Power» the semantic microfield «Ability». In the article the author describes and systematizes the lexical units representing «Ability», establishes a set of semantic components, that form the semantics of the microfield, outlines the conceptual features modeling the notion «Ability» as one of the fragments of the concept «Power». On the basis of the analysis the author draws the conclusion about the attitude of English-speaking community to such a value as «Ability».


The microstructure and properties of high-carbon rare earth bainite steel after heat treatment were studied. Under air-cooling condition, the steel has bainite-martensite duplex microstructure consisting of lath martensite and twin martensite with abnormal lower bainite microstructure. By tempering at 250-300°C, the steel exhibits a best strength-toughness combination. When the tempering temperature is over 300°C, temper brittleness would occur.


Note from the translator: In the "existential historicism" of Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1911) we seem to touch the very fons et origo of that great German historiography, with its accompanying developments in philology and art history, with which his work was contemporaneous: 1 there can indeed be no history worthy of the name that does not breathe something like his spiritual enthusiasm for the traces that life has left behind it, something of his visionary instinct for all the forms of living activity preserved and still instinct within the monuments of the past. Dilthey's own voluminous and often fragmentary writings turn almost exclusively around the supreme mystery of the historiographical act: that Verstehen or understanding which, far from being a subjective or purely intuitive leap, implies a whole complex procedure of intellectual reconstruction (Nachbildung, Nachfiihlung, Nacherleben, Nachverstdindnis, to use his characteristic terminology) .2 In his life-long effort, not only to solve, but also and essentially to define, the problem, Dilthey counted among his predecessors and precursors the forgotten theoreticians of the ancient traditions of classical and Biblical hermeneutics, as well as the practitioners of that modem philology that reached its climax in the system of Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768-I834). "The Rise of Hermeneutics" (1900), originating largely from Dilthey's research into the life and work of Schleiermacher, still constitutes one of the most satisfactory brief accounts of the history and significance of hermeneutic theory.3 It may also be read as an introduction to Dilthey's own concept of Verstehen, now seen as the unification of the two main rival tendencies-grammatical and psychological-that dominated the historical development of that theory. Dilthey's thought, for all its suggestive power and subsequent influence, cannot be said to have achieved ultimate philosophical coherence


Objectives This study was to investigate effects of community health nursing in-school practice education on self-directed learning, core nursing competency, and infection control awareness of nursing school students. Methods This study was conducted a pre and post quasi experimental study for single-group with 109 students in the 4th grade of Nursing school at H University, located in G province. The in-school practice training lasted 90 hours for two weeks, in parallel with online and offline learnings such as online lectures, home visits, self-learning, face-to-face simulation practice, and core skill evaluation. Data were collected by online questionnaires, and data analysis was performed with the SPSS win 25.0 program and the corresponding sample T-test. Results It was found that the in-school practice education in community health nursing improved the self-directed learning(t=6.22, p=.000) and core nursing competency(t=6.89, p=.000) of nursing students. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the infection control awareness(t=1.89, p=.062), but there was significant increase of the awareness of the hand hygiene(t=2.44, p=.016) and linen(t=2.69, p=.008) which were listed in the sub-category. Conclusions This study confirmed the positive effects of the in-school practice that integrates the online-learning and face-to-face simulation for community health nursing science while field clinical practice is limited due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the future, it is necessary to develop more programs that include various contents embracing field practice and in-school practice adjusted with the characteristics of the local community and to study effective teaching methods.


Service of an airline is of the focus and highlight aspect in a competition among enterprises. The biggest room and greatest possibilities are seen in airline companies. 21 century is a century that companies should boast their sevices and compete in this respect to increse market share. Discussing the Brand strategy of Southern Airlines.


To the best of our knowledge, no studies to date have evaluated roles of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) polymorphisms in risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN).


Eight volunteers with normal renal function and 11 patients with chronic renal insufficiency were each given propranolol (P), 80 mg orally while in the fasting state. Sera were collected over a 24 hour period and assayed for P by spectl'Ophotofluorometer. Absorption was rapid in both groups. In the patients P appeared in the serum within 0.5 hour of oral administration and maximal concentrations, with mean 154.6 ± 40 ng/ml in 1.5 ± 0.3 hr, whereas in the control group, maximal concentrations, mean 51.6 ± 1.0 ng/ml developed in 2.0 ± 0.19 hr. The mean T% for the patient group was 3.2 ± 0.67 hr and that for the control wa:s 4.4 ± 1.0 hr (p > 0.3).011 chronic administration, the higher the daily dose, the higher the serum level of P and the lower the peripheral renin activity. In vivo hemodialysis of P was very small compared with that in vitro, probably due to protein binding of P.


In 1975, art curator Dirk Hannema, convinced to have discovered an unknown work of Vincent van Gogh, bought a painting of a windmill in Paris' Montmartre district. However, due to his flawed reputation1, Hannema's attribution was never taken seriously. Then, in February 2010, experts affirmed that Le Blute-Fin Mill was a Van Gogh after all2. The fact that it took 35 years to agree on the provenance of this painting makes one wonder: could the attribution of a piece of art be as subjective as its appreciation? Certainly not, art connoisseurs would say, for they base their judgments on several aspects, like the materials used or even the artist's social network. The expert's eye remains an important factor though, making art authentication a highly problematic field of research to engage with. On a much less widely known stage palaeographers have been dealing with the same problem. After all, identifying the brushstroke of a painter is not that different from recognizing a scribe's handwriting. And like art experts, palaeographers can be highly skilled and experienced, but as long as they express their observations in qualitative descriptions a scientific


Objective: To investigate the distribution of bacterial pathogen and their antibiotic resistance in the patients with bacterial bacterial infections after liver transplantation. Methods: The distribution and bacterial resistance profile of 412 strains of bacterial isolates from 24 inpatients with bacterial infection after liver transplantation. Results: Among 412 strains, S. aureus, E. cloacae, S. haemolyticus, Enterococci faecals were the common pathogens, Their antibiotic resistance was high. The resistant rates Gram positive bacteria to Tiecoplanin or Vancomycin were low and the resistant rates of Gram negative bacteria to Imipenem were low as well. Conclusions: It is important to bacterial surveillance on bacterial resistance early after liver transplantation. S. aureus, E. cloacae, S. heamolyticus, Enterococc faecals were the common pathogens in the patients with bacterial infections after liver transplantation. When bacterial infection was suspected and the results of bacterial culture were not attained, Imipenem or Vancomycin/Tiecoplanim may be used.


The image of Benjamin demonstrated in Chinese scholars' interpretations and arguments has special flavor.Their focus of investigation shows the characteristics of Chinese cultural context.Benjamin's theory elaborated again and again by Western scholars is given new significance in Chinese cultural context.Chinese scholars tend to use Benjamin's theory to interpret Chinese cultural issues rather than probe into his original theory.The allegory text of limitless interpretation points to a profound modern worry,which focuses on technology arousing modern people's deep thinking.From the limitless interpretation of Benjamin's idea of "technology",people are seeking argument to support their viewpoints and trying to find out enlightenment from his works.The modern worry can be found in the thesis and antithesis in every viewpoint.


For automatic searches for sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) events, their beginning/ending dates are defined as extrema of the first-order derivative simultaneous with zero values of the second derivative of temperature and zonal wind in time. A search for SSW dates at altitudes 30 and 40 km was performed, using the JRA-55 database for 59 years. The dates of the fasters change in temperature and zonal wind differ not more than two days for SSW searching the JRA- 55 database. The SSW dates correspond, within the limits of the uncertainties, to those obtained with other standard methods. Various types of SSW were analyzed. An alternative SSW classification was proposed. Frequently, before SSW developments, increases in the heat fluxes directed to the North Pole occur, which can heat the polar stratosphere.


This study aims to determine the relationship between  agency conflicts affect the demand for nonassurance services use . This study uses a proxy the composition of ownership, management  compensation and leverage  for  the agency conflicts. The data from this study using annual reports companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Collecting data using purposive sampling using the criteria for sampling so that 34 samples were found to be researched. This data using the software Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 20 .0. The results of this study are as follows: First the composition of ownership is not related to the demand nonassurance services. Second compensation management relate to the demand nonassurance services. Third leverage is not related with the demand nonassurance services  in Indonesia


It was during a presentation on ways to enhance critical thinking in college classes that a jaded faculty member shot back at me, "What kind of thinking do you think I teach – noncritical thinking?" I assured this faculty member that no offense had been intended, although certainly it had been taken. In fact, often there is noncritical, or more appropriately labeled, rote memorization or lower level thinking that is taught and tested in many classrooms at all levels of education at the expense of higher order or critical thinking. NONCRITICAL THINKING Consider, for example, typical questions that might be found on tests given in developmental psychology classes. There is the ubiquitous question that asks students to list each stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development, along with the age range for each stage, and an example of a cognitive task that can be accomplished at each stage. This is a basic recall question, even though there is an opportunity to provide an example, which allows for the application of the knowledge of what cognitive abilities become possible at each stage of development. The example given is almost always the same as an example that was presented in class or in the text. If this is the extent of students' knowledge, they are unlikely to be able to use Piaget's conceptualization of cognitive development in any applied setting (such as designing an age-appropriate toy or activity for a preschool) or in a novel or useful way.


To view a PDF of this First Cut, click here. Author:  Mike Anderson Topic: Mobile and Tablets Issue: What are the best practices for harnessing the power of mobile computing? What are the trends impacting mobile computing? Summary: BoxTone announced special...


We introduce the fractional Fourier domain decomposition. A procedure called pruning, analogous to truncation of the singular-value decomposition, underlies a number of potential applications, among which we discuss fast implementation of space-variant linear systems. ( 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


In this work, fully-resolved rotor-fuselage interactional aerodynamics is used as the forcing term in a model based on the Euler-Bernoulli equation, aiming to simulate helicopter tail-boom vibration. The model is based on linear beam analysis and captures the effect of the blade-passing as well as the effect of the changing force direction on the boom. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) results were obtained using a well-validated helicopter simulation tool. Results for the tail-boom vibration are not validated due to lack of experimental data, but were obtained using an established analytical approach and serve to demonstrate the strong effect of aerodynamics on tail-boom aeroelastic behavior.


India has witnessed a three-fold increase in population over the last half century without corresponding growth in opportunities, especially in rural area. Self-help group are becoming one of the important means for the empowerment of poor women in almost all developing states including different district. This study is carried out to examine how to development of SHG achieved, present study is carried out with the specific objective to meet the credit needs of the poor & their infrastructure facility. Study also identifies the entrepreneurial qualities of its members. It was observed that how the people change in knowledge, skills & attitude was worked out on the basis of average score.


To meet demands of the data acquisition and disposal of FTIR spectrometer for environmental monitoring.The software for the real-time data collection is designed using DAQ2005,a multi-function data acquisition card of ADLINK Company,and VC,disposing and displaying of the multi-path interfere signals of FTIR spectrometer on Windows platform.It is convenient for persons to get the experimental results quickly and exactly.


GRAMS Aura Tuulia Paloheimo, Aalto University, School of Science and Engineering Aura Paloheimo (M.Sc.Tech.) works in the Aalto University School of Science and Engineering as a university teacher. She teaches computer science basics. Her recent research areas have covered different aspects of female minorities in technical fields. Kaisa Pohjonen, Aalto University Kaisa Pohjonen works in Aalto University as a research assistant to Aura Paloheimo. Ms. Pohjonen will graduate as B.Sc. (Math) in 2011 and continue her studies in master's level. Pirjo Helena Putila,


A method that is both simple and rapid for the determination of mercury in Chinese-prepared medicine (CPM) was developed. The method uses closed-vessel microwave digestion with final analysis by CVAAS with a sodium borohydride and hydroxylammonium hydrochloride solution. The accuracy of the method was checked using botanical-certified reference materials (BCR62, olive leaves), and close agreement with certified values was achieved. The precision of the method, based on different types of CPM samples and different analysts on different days at different levels of mercury, was found to be between 5.0 and 13.3% (relative standard deviation, n = 6). A comparison between two different types of vessels for closed-vessel microwave digestion was performed. Potential matrix interference, such as undecomposed organics and others in CPM samples, was investigated. The effect of a hydroxylammonium hydrochloride solution was also investigated, and was found to have a strong impact on the accuracy of the method. Finally, the method was used to prepare in-house reference materials. A simpler approach of using a statistical quality control (SQC) chart was used to assess the stability of the reference materials and to monitor the stability of the analytical procedures.


We report a patient presenting with cutaneous papulonodular lesions associated with painful stiff joints. Histopathological examination showed positivity for CD68 and CD45. There was no atypia.


The intention is to present original author's programmes addressed to school-age persons and guardians who wish to improve their parenting skills. The recipients are children and youth from families with alcohol problems as well as their guardians. The problem of alcohol is a deep scratch in the whole family functioning. Unpleasant effects of alcoholism affect all links of the family system. Institutions supporting this type of families respond with an interesting offer of activities the aim of which is gradual overcoming of challenges resulting from the family situation as well as support in full self-expression and improvement of relations with other people through building a strong life base, based on strengths of an individual.KEYWORDS: alcoholism, dysfunctional family, family relations, preventive programme, development programme, parenting workshops, expression of anger, development.


Social housing for refugee families focussing specifically on three aspects: 1. Designing suitable housing for families within the typology of the gallery flat, 2. Designing for refugees: social and spatial needs of this target group 3. The multicultural floor plan: what can different dwelling cultures add to the standard Dutch gallery floor plan? Since the building is located in the city centre of Amsterdam, the notion of designing compact floor plans is also an important addition to these previous aspects.


This study examined the effects of differently valenced portrayals of old age on the emotional responses of elderly viewers. Lonely and nonlonely elderly people (as determined in a pretest) were given a series of descriptions of television offerings and indicated the degree to which they desired to see each program. In a separate session, they were randomly assigned to view a negative portrayal (involving an unhappy, isolated old man) or a positive portrayal (involving a happy, socially integrated old man). The results indicated that lonely subjects showed greater interest in viewing negative than positive portrayals, whereas nonlonely subjects exhibited the opposite preference. In addition, lonely subjects felt better after viewing the negative portrayal than after the positive portrayal, whereas nonlonely subjects felt better after the positive than after the negative portrayal. The findings therefore indicated that elderly viewers may benefit from varied portrayals of old age more than from uniformly positive or negative depictions.


Scientists began developing new antiepileptic drugs based on the underlying mechanisms of the epilepsies. Neurochemical damage to ion transport is one of the main pathogenic mechanisms of formation of epileptic neurons. All seizures involve synchronous firing of neural populations with an influx of sodium and calcium ions, and release of excitatory neurotransmitters.l~2 These processes provide the basis for development of new antiepileptic drugs. It is known that the use of agents that block sodium (phenytoin, carbamazepine, felbamate) or calcium channels (flunarizine) reduce neuronal excitability. Flunarizine trials showed conflicting results in efficacy&dquo;5 We decided to use another calcium channel blocker-nimodipine-as add-on medication in the treatment of intractable epilepsy of childhood. Nimodipine is representative of dihydropyridines, which selectively block the voltage sensitive calcium channels .6


Introduction:  The uncontrolled spread of COVID-19 worldwide has confined millions of people to their homes. In addition to being a public physical health emergency, COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) has significantly resulted in a large number of psychological distress and impacts. The career oriented professional students are away from their academic environment.
Aims: This study aims to assess the psychological distress impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among the Proficiency Certificate Level Nursing of  Nepalgunj Nursing Campus, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal.
Methods: The online survey with a link directed to students of Proficiency Certificate Level (PCL) Nursing of Nepalgunj Nursing Campus, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal  conducted during lockdown (July 16th –July 21st 2020) which was open for 6 days. Sociodemographic characteristics are the independent variables. Psychological distress was constructed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) Scale as a dependent variables. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel.
Results: The evidence of the survey showed that in total 80.2, % (severely distressed - 30.7%, moderately distressed -29.7%, mildly distressed- 19.8%) of the Proficiency Certificate Level Nursing students of Nepalgunj Nursing Campus, were having psychological distress during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown assessed by using K10 scale.
Conclusion: The present study showed that Proficiency Certificate Level Nursing students were moderately and severely distressed during lockdown of Covid-19 pandemic.


The  2019 Local Accountability System Manual  is available. Please note that this manual applies  only  to plans submitted and approved for the 2018-19 school year. Districts interested in developing a local accountability system plan should contact the Local Accountability System at  firstname.lastname@example.com . The inte


There are a few prepositions in ancient Chinese. Most of the prepositions in contemporary Chinese originate from emptied verbs. The growth of prepositions and the positions of the the phrases of prepositions reflect the tendency of the cognition of people.


Petrochemical and process sites are required to ensure best available techniques are employed to control noise. This can be as a result of permitting requirements, occupational noise exposure, addition of new plant, or changes in operating conditions. Identifying noise control mitigation options for existing industrial sites and demonstrating best available techniques can present engineering challenges and come at a high cost.


Allium bulgaricum L. is used as a culinary herb and it is a wellknown flavouring principle. The antioxidant activity of dry leaves was determined as Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) using different reliable methodsDPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and CUPRAC assays. Total phenolic contents was determined using a spectrophotometric technique, based on the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent, and calculated as gallic acid equivalents GAE/g DW. The total polyphenolics ranged from 9,01 ± 0,14 to 22,92 ± 0,30 mg


A new mechanism of the fusion-fission process for a heavy nuclear system is proposed, which takes place in the (A1, A2) space, where A1 and A2 are two nuclei, surrounded by a certain number of shared nucleons ∆A. The nuclei A1 and A2 gradually lose (or acquire) their individualities with increasing (or decreasing) a number of collectivized nucleons ∆A. The driving potential in the (A1, A2) space is derived, which allows the calculation of both the probability of the compound nucleus formation and the mass distribution of fission and quasi-fission fragments in heavy ion fusion reactions. The cross sections of super-heavy element formation in the "hot" and "cold" fusion reactions have been calculated up to ZCN = 118. The interest in the synthesis of super-heavy nuclei has lately grown due to the new experimental results 1, 2 demonstrating a real possibility of producing and investigating the nuclei in the region of the so-called "island of stability". The new reality demands a more substantial theoretical support of these expensive experiments which will allow a more reasonable choice of fusing nuclei and collision energies as well as a better estimation of the cross sections and unambiguous identification of evaporation residues (ER). Unfortunately, at present it is quite difficult (and hardly possible) to make an accurate qualitative analysis of the complex dynamics of the heavy ion fusion reaction leading to the formation in the exit channel of ER of easily fissile super-heavy nucleus. A whole process of super-heavy nucleus formation is divided usually into three reaction stages even if connected with each other but treated and calculated separately: (1) overcoming the Coulomb barrier and approaching the point of contact Rcont = R1 + R2, (2) formation of the compound mono-nucleus, (3) decay ("cooling") of the compound nucleus. Different theoretical approaches are used for analyzing all the three reaction stages. However, the dynamics of the intermediate stage of the compound nucleus formation is the most vague. It is due to the fact that in the fusion of light and medium nuclei, in which the fissility of the compound nucleus is not very high, the colliding nuclei having overcome the Coulomb barrier form a compound nucleus with a probability PCN ≈ 1. Thus, this reaction stage does not influence the yield of ER at all. However, in the fusion of heavy nuclei it is the fission channels (regular and quasifission) that substantially determine the dynamics of the whole process; the PCN value can be much smaller than unit, while its accurate calculation is very difficult. Moreover, today there are no consensus for the mechanism of the compound nucleus formation itself, and quite different, sometimes opposite in their physics sense, models are used for its description. 3‐5 The production cross section of a cold residual nucleus C, which is the product of neutron evaporation and γ emission from an excited compound nucleus C ∗ , formed in the fusion process of two heavy nuclei A1 + A2 → C ∗ → C+ xn+ Nγ at center-ofmass energy close to the Coulomb barrier in the entrance channel, can be decomposed over partial waves and written in the following form σ xn(E) ≈ π¯ h 2 2µE


The paper synthesizes the results of microbiological analysis performed on drinkable water ingathered from wells, in low areas, hills and mountains, all in Alba County. The regulations regarding the procedures of work, interpretation and calculus for drinkable water have been under permanent changing, and thus the paper is structured in two time periods: 2003 – 2005, and 2006 – 2007. Following the microbiological analysis performed on the ingathered samples, within the two time periods, there can be seen that the drinkable water samples (from wells) are microbiologically polluted, regardless of the source, and consequently, life of animals and humans is submited to hydric decay.


Background and Objectives: Varicose veins affect up to 5% or more of the adult population of western countries and 15 to 20% of general population. The inability to perform heavy and prolonged standing works affects the quality of life, and earning capacity of patients as well. Unani physicians have described this disease as Dawali and have been treating the disease since ancient times effectively on the principle of evacuation (Tanqiya), restoration (Ta'deel) and potentiation (Taqwiyat). The limitation of conventional treatment in the management of varicose veins paved the way to evaluate the efficacy and safety of leech therapy and a pharmacopoeial Unani poly herbal formulation in the management of varicose veins on scientific parameters.
Methods: The study was conducted as open, randomized, standard controlled, three groups clinical trial on 30 eligible patients. Leech therapy was selected as a treatment procedure in the test group 'A'. The combination of Unani formulation Itrifal Sagheer with Zanjabeel and leech therapy was selected as a treatment strategy in the test group 'B'. Compression stocking was selected as a standard treatment procedure in the control group 'C'.
Results: Significant statistical difference was observed in subjective and objective parameters. Almost all patients reported improvement in pain and heaviness. The more promising result was observed in group 'A' in pain (82%), where group 'B' showed more marked response (64%) in heaviness among all the groups. In intra group comparisons, statistically highly significant difference was observed from baseline to 14th day to 28th day (P


According to TPSN, it suffers from poor convergence, poor expansibility and poor robustness. This paper puts forward the ITPSN protocol, which makes the original single two nodes two-way messages exchange way into the third node monitor mode, greatly reduces the synchronous time, saves the time and energy for synchronization, adds the judgment of the node failure and treatment of node failure, and improves the robustness and expansibility. The simulation results show that ITPSN inherited TPSN's low energy consumption, low average errors and can effectively reduce the time and energy needed for synchronization, strengthening its robustness.


In this paper, a deterministic model describing the dynamics of the in-host HIV infection of CD4[Formula: see text] T-cells is proposed. The model incorporates the presence of the CD[Formula: see text] T-cells and two types of antiretroviral drugs, for disrupting new infection and for inhibiting virus production, respectively. First, the existence, boundedness and positivity of the model solutions are shown, the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] being then derived and shown to be a threshold value as far as the stability of the equilibria is concerned. When [Formula: see text] the infection-free equilibrium point is globally stable, whereas when [Formula: see text] the system is uniformly persistent and the infected equilibrium point is globally asymptotically stable. Further, we develop an optimal control model by taking the effect of the antiretroviral drugs to be control variables in order to minimize the HIV infection in different scenarios. By using Pontryagin's Minimum Principle and solving the model numerically, the results show that each antiretroviral drug in isolation can play a key role in reducing the count of both infected CD4[Formula: see text] T-cells and HIV viruses. However, a combination of both drugs could reduce the in-host HIV infection more significantly.


Abstract Human factor VIII has been isolated in a highly purified form with the use of an extract of plasma cryoprecipitate as starting material. Successive adsorptions with aluminum hydroxide, fuller's earth, and Wyoming bentonite were followed by ammonium sulfate fractionation. Further separation was accomplished by differential polyethylene glycol precipitations. The final step utilized agarose-gel filtration and concentration of appropriate fractions. Preparations about 10,000 times purified may be obtained in quantities permitting validation of purity and chemical characterization. Factor VIII proves to be a compound protein containing about 76 per cent amino acids, 10 per cent carbohydrates, and 11 per cent of total lipids. The preparation is largely homogeneous by electrophoretic, ultracentrifugal, and immunochemical examination.


In this work we adopt the theoretical framework of co-evolutionary analysis to explore the different roles of relevant stakeholders in the development of Cognitive Radio (CR) systems in the modern wireless market. Our analysis is aimed at yielding better understanding of factors upon which success or failure of commercialization of CR will depend and their possible link to policy and standardisation. Our analysis shows the benefits of co-evolutionary development coordinated across various domains: technology, policy and market. In particular, we build a compelling case that the policy domain and its respective stakeholders represent some of the most crucial factors that could "make or break" the future prospects of technology deployment and its advancement towards commercial success.


According to the difference of contracting context,contract tradition and value,social contracts can be classified as following: Social contract of the type of agreement;Social contract of the type of reciprocity;Social contract of the type of equality;Social contract of the type of human-priority.From the viewpoint of social contract,the disadvantaged groups can be defined as: the groups not practically participating the agreement process which leads to the failure of achieving the contracting objectives fully;the groups not benefiting from the social contract and not develop together with their contract partners;the groups not being equally treated in the conclusion of the social contract and whose basic human rights suffered infringement;the groups not being in the advantageous position in the important alteration of the social contract and being taken into account as utility sacrificial lamb.The base of social contract liability of the protection to the disadvantaged groups concludes: The governmental liability to protect the disadvantaged groups is based on individual liberty;The individual liability to protect the disadvantaged groups is based on social utility;The social liability to protect the disadvantaged groups is based on social justice;The dynamic perfection of social contract is based on humanitarian concern.


In this study, pressure drop across a novel CFB riser integrated with an enlarged bottom section was investigated under various operating conditions. Experimental results indicated that total pressure drop was much higher across the riser with larger diameter-enlarged section dimensions, consequently, resulting in lower solids circulation rate realizable in the riser. Based on the measured pressure drop across this novel riser, apparent solids concentrations of the diameter-enlarged section and the conveying section were obtained. Furthermore, empirical correlations for estimating overall average solids concentration in these two sections were established, respectively. And a satisfactory agreement between predictions and experimental results was observed.


The main goal of this chapter is to demonstrate the feasibility of PUSSEE development framework. For that purpose, a case study borrowed from the telecommunication domain is used in order to exhibit the applicability the method and associated tools for the design of complex systems. The application described is part of an embedded system based on HIPERLAN/2


Variants in TTN are frequently identified in the genetic evaluation of skeletal myopathy or cardiomyopathy. However, due to the high frequency of TTN variants in the general population, incomplete penetrance, and limited understanding of the spectrum of disease, interpretation of TTN variants is often difficult for laboratories and clinicians. Currently, cardiomyopathy is associated with heterozygous A‐band TTN variants, whereas skeletal myopathy is largely associated with homozygous or compound heterozygous TTN variants. Recent reports show pathogenic variants in TTN may result in a broader phenotypic spectrum than previously recognized.


R Backstein, a Freiberg, T Haswell. A case of destructive gout in the hand. Can J Plast Surg 1993;1(2):91-94. A 49-year-old male presented with bilateral finger masses of one year duration. Radiologic findings were consistent with chronic tophaceous gout and this diagnosis was confirmed by microscopic evaluation of pathologic specimens. The patient had no prior history of acute gouty arthritis. Surgical exploration revealed tophaceous masses involving the metacarpophalangeal joint and the contents of the flexor tendon sheath of the left long finger with complete destruction of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon distal to the sublimus insertion. Gout presenting as tophaceous deposits of the finger with flexor tendon destruction has not previously been described in the literature.


This thesis seeks to analyse the ways in which the spoken word is used in two French minority cinemas – cinema de banlieue and gay cinema – between 1990 and 2000, in order to express an engagement with the complex, layered, and fractured identities of France's citizens in the late twentieth century.

This analysis will be conducted through three prisms which correspond to the three central chapters of the thesis: ethnicity, gender, and sexuality. These three areas of analysis were chosen because the particular aspects of individual and collective identity with which they engage embody the three central challenges to contemporary republican values which have emerged in 1990s debates.

Each chapter will present a detailed examination of a series of onscreen verbal exchanges drawn from four key films, with supplementary reference to other works from the two genres studied here. These examinations will be placed against the socio-political backdrop of 1990s France in order to highlight their specific relevance to broader ongoing debates regarding the nature of French republicanism as critically interpreted.

The first chapter will focus on verbal exchanges through the prism of ethnicity, and specifically on conflictual verbal encounters, as illustrated, in particular, in Hexagone (Chibane, 1994), La Haine (Kassovitz, 1995), Rai (Gilou, 1995), and La Squale (Genestal, 2000). The second chapter will examine constructions of gendered identities in Gazon maudit (Balasko, 1995), Douce maudit (Balasko, 1995), Douce France (Chibane, 1995), Ma 6-T va crack-er (Richet, 1997), and Belle Maman (Aghion, 1999), concentrating on verbal exchanges around parent-child relationships. Analysis in the final central chapter will be conducted through the prism of sexuality, examining onscreen exchanges involving friends and lovers in Pedale douce (Aghion, 1996), Le Ciel, les oiseaux et.. ta mere! (Bensalah, 1999), Le Derriere (Lemercier, 1999), and Drole de Felix (Ducastel and Martineau, 2000). These chapters will pave the way to an attempt to come to terms with the question: Does the use of the spoken word in gay and banlieue cinema merely reaffirm the identity of separate communities, or does it rather function as a site for construction and reconstruction?


Most endothelial functions are either controlled by direct mechanical forces such as fluid shear stress or by local or blood-borne mediators acting through specific cell surface receptors. The mechanisms and molecular underpinnings of endothelial shear stress sensing are only partially understood. Among the cell surface receptors for chemical mediators, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRS) play a central role as they mediate the intracellular effects of a multitude of auto-/paracrine substances such as histamine, thrombin, chemokines, or lysophospholipids. In addition, several receptor systems have been described to be involved in the mechanosignaling of endothelial cells. In the past we have mainly concentrated on how laminar flow on endothelial cells induces activation of eNOS and thereby regulates vascular tone It had been described before that a mechanotransducing complex consisting of PECAM-1, VE-cadherin and VEGF receptor 2 is activated by flow and then promotes phosphorylation and activation of eNOS, most likely via PI-3-kinase and Akt. We could show that this mechanism is under the control of the Gq/G11-coupled P2Y2 receptor, which is activated by ATP released in response to laminar flow from endothelial cells. In a subsequent study we were able to identify the mechanosensitive channel Piezo1 as a putative flow sensor which results in endothelial cell activation and ATP release in part through pannexin channels. We are currently studying the role of Gs-mediated signaling in flow-induced eNOS activation and vascular tone control. In addition, we are analyzing the role of Piezo1-dependent mechanosensing and mechanotransduction under pathological conditions which go along with disturbed flow as well as in other endothelial functions including transendothelial migration of immune and tumor cells.


The dynamic development of smart grids allows the use of remote controllable switches to change the configuration of the distribution network. The paper discusses the impact of the distribution system reconfiguration on active power losses, taking into account the typical daily load profiles. Based on modified IEEE 33-bus test distribution system the article presents the method of selection the appropriate sensitivity factor and the configuration of the MV network. The objective function is to minimize active power losses. The studies were performed using DIgSILENT Powerfactory software for two variants of the daily load curve and for different values of the sensitivity coefficient. The calculation results indicate, that adequate (optimal) configuration of MV distribution network, ensures reduction of active power losses.


We have characterized the cell‐mediated and humoral immune response of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and healthy controls in response to two novel staphylococcal antigens (NP‐tase, p70) and the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). The parameters studied were IgE, interleukin (IL)‐4 and interferon (IFN)‐γ synthesis by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after stimulation with NP‐tase, p70 and SEB in vitro. Both antigens, as well as SEB, induced IL‐4 and IFN‐γ secretion in patients and controls. However, patients with AD showed a significantly diminished IFN‐γ production in response to NP‐tase or SEB. Furthermore, we demonstrated a good correlation between antigen‐stimulated IgE production and the IL‐4/IFN‐γ ratio in vitro. A distinct subgroup of PBMC showed impaired IFN‐γ synthesis and enhanced IL‐4 secretion after incubation with p70 or NP‐tase. These data support evidence that a subgroup of patients with AD, synthesizing low levels of IFN‐γ after stimulation with staphylococcal antigens, may have impaired abilities to clear Staphylococcus aureus colonization. Persistent staphylococcal antigens could then be responsible for inflammatory and allergic skin reactions in patients with AD. We therefore conclude that, besides superantigens, staphylococcal antigens may also play a part in the pathogenesis of AD.


The aim of the research is to check if Art therapy reduces anxiety and pain symptoms for chronic low back pain patients. The selection of the research members was made by using structured interview. For the selection of anxiety research – C.D. Spielberg anxiety position-feature self-assessment (STAI from Y-1). For the selection of pain symptom detection was used numerical analog (ranking) scale (NRS). There were patients from 30 to 60 years old, who made the selection, all with M47.2 diagnosis and anxiety pain symptoms. The capacity of the selection in the end of the research was 54 patients (26 in the research group and 28 in the control group). Research group took part in art therapy (8 sessions). There were used descriptive and conclusive statistics for data analysis. There are several conclusion verdicts. Art therapy reduces anxiety and pain symptoms in chronic low back pain patients.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the isolation rate and the antimicrobial resistance of Haemophilus influenzae from clinical specimens of respiratory tract to seven common antibiotics.METHODS The isolation rates of H.influenzae of 837 specimens were retrospectively analyzed.The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns was determined by using K-B methods and interrupted according to CLSI guideline.RESULTS A total of 48 strains of H.influenzae were isolated with the average isolation rate of 5.73%,among which,the isolation rate of the inpatients was 5.73% and the outpatients was with 12.75%,beta-lactamase production(12.50%) was the main mechanism of ampicillin resistance.Resistance to SMZ was 52.08%,followed by resistance to azithrocymin(16.67%),levofloxacin(16.67%),ampcillin(14.58%),and ceftriaxone(8.33%).All isolates were susceptible to imipenem and cefoperazone/sulbactam.CONCLUSION The isolation rate of H.influenzae isolated from specimens of outpatients is remarkably higher than that of the inpatients.The study suggests that ampcillin,azithrocymin and levofloxacin are still the first choice to treat the infection of respiratory tract caused by H.influenzae.


It is observed that laser light at a wavelength of 1315 nm induces continuous stable fluorescence at the O2(b1Σ → X3Σ) and I2(B3Πu → X1Σ) bands in a O2 – I2 mixture preliminarily irradiated at a wavelength of 532 nm to achieve partial photolysis of iodine molecules. This testifies to generation of iodine atoms and excited O2(a1Δ), O2(b1Σ), and I2(B3Πu) molecules in the O2 – I2 mixture under irradiation at 1315 nm.


As with films previously, claims are being made today about the capacity of immersive environments, including virtual reality, to offer viewers or experiencers effective simulations of altered states of consciousness. In this article, we look anew at the enduring question of time-based mechanical (lens based and digital) media's ability not merely to take us outside of or besides ourselves, but to generate an imaginary realm of their own. Our analysis centres on the use of darkness. Often associated with the passage from one state of consciousness to another, darkness has become a prevalent aesthetic in cinematic immersive media. In some ways, as we will see, the latest technologies of audio-vision appear less apt than conventional cinema to induce us to "cross the bridge" and venture into the land of phantoms. In others, they emerge as privileged entries into the dreamlike worlds of our contemporary, technologized era. In spite of differences in viewing conditions, we find that between the older medium of 2D film and that of cinematic virtual reality, darkness, combined with the illusion of depth and visual replication of motion proves to be a particularly potent harbinger of altered states.


The ZrN molecule has been identified in the vapor phase over a ZrN–BN mixture at temperatures above 2400°K using a combination of effusion and mass spectrometric techniques. Its apprearance potential was measured as 7.9 ± 0.4 eV. From the experimentally determined partial pressures the equilibrium constants and the enthalpy for the gaseous reaction ZrN = Zr + 0.5 N2 have been calculated. The reaction enthalpy was obtained as ΔH°298 = 22.0 ± 5.0 kcal/mole. Combined with published thermodynamic data this reaction enthalpy yields the following thermodynamic properties for gaseous ZrN: ZrN(g) = Zr(g) + N(g) D°298 = 135.0 ± 6.0 kcal ZrN(s) = ZrN(g) ΔH°s, 289 = 211.4 ± 9.0 kcal Zr(s) + 0.5N2(g) = ZrN(g) ΔH°f, 298 = 123.5 ± 7.0 kcal.


Wu Yue insisted the politics of anti-imperialism, anti-Qing Dynasty and anti-constitutionalism by the results of assassination to promote the revolution for the establishment of democracy republic, also fling him into his bombing of the five ministers. He was the typical representative of the outcome of the national and social crisis in late Qing Dynasty, and who had been deeply influenced by the spirits of paladin and Russian nihilist, the radical bourgeois intelligentsia of saving the country.


This appendix contains lists of logical symbols that occur in the book related to four early-modern debates of Reformed theology concerning the will of God. Some acquaintance with logic, in particular modal logic is indispensable to understanding scholastic texts. Modern symbolic logic offers the possibility to formalize arguments and to compare different positions in more detail.Keywords: reformed Scholasticism; will theology


Australia's emissions trading scheme has been defeated in the Senate and hopes of reaching a global agreement on carbon emission reductions are looking slim. But local government is still determined to get on with the job. Angela Dorizas reports.


Elastic and quasi-elastic light scattering data obtained from PS/PDMS/PMMA/toluene mixtures are reported. Several systems characterized by different concentrations and different molecular weights of PMMA are considered. For each of these systems, a systematic investigation is performed as a function of the scattering angle and the concentration of the PS/PDMS mixture using both techniques. The PMMA does not contribute directly to the scattered light since its increment of refractive index is zero. However the data show that its presence modifies substantially the apparent interaction parameter of PS and PDMS and the single diffusion coefficient of these polymers in the solution. The variations of these quantities with the concentration and molecular weight of PMMA are obtained. The data are analyzed within a simplified model combining based on the random phase approximation and the Rouse dynamics for ternary polymer mixtures. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention are a two dimension code operating method and terminal, the two dimension code control method comprising: scanning a target two dimension code storing option information having at least two options; determining orientation information of the terminal if the terminal scans the target two dimension code; determining a target option corresponding to the orientation information according to the mapping relationship between the scanning orientation and the at least two options; outputting a content corresponding to the option information of the target option. An embodiment of the present invention is employed to improve operability of the two dimension code during operating.


The article examines the integration experience of the Andean Community (CAN) in the context of its relationship with the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), basing on the interdisciplinary approach. During the period of its existence, the Andean Community has repeatedly undergone a state of internal crisis and reforming of the institutional model, but managed to succeed in creating a Free Trade Area and strengthen extra-regional ties. Its initiatives and extensive institutional structure largely testify to the strengthening of socio-economic cooperation between countries in the field of supporting business, the academic community and indigenous peoples. CAN is of interest in the context of the development of trans-regional interaction between it and the EAEU. Both structures show mutual interest in the exchange of practices and experience in the sphere of integration development. According to the author, the key task for CAN and the EAEU should be not only the implementation of the signed documents on cooperation, but also the constant maintenance of a dialogue within the framework of formal institutional mechanisms, the identification of mutually beneficial areas of cooperation.


Several earth pressure cells are installed under 200m of ice at the ice-rock interface of Engabreen, an outlet glacier of Svartisen in northern Norway. The sensors measure variations in pressure at the base of the glacier at regular intervals. In May 2008, measurements were made of surface displacement of the glacier using differential GPS and ground based interferometric radar. The surface measurements were made about 1700 – 2000 metres down-glacier from the location of the earth pressure cells. The measurements occurred several days after a warm period when there was surface melting, but during a cold period of several degrees below zero and before the summer subglacial discharge regime was properly developed.


This study was conducted to obtain the whole coding domain sequence(CDS) of PIT-1 gene in Wanxi white goose and to explore its expression in goose early growth stages.PCR,RT-PCR and sequencing technologies were employed,with Wanxi white goose genomic DNA and pituitary total RNA as the templates.A cDNA sequence of 1 014 bp was acquired,and the length of CDS was 1 011 bp.The nucleotide similarity of CDS of goose PIT-1 gene with other species was higher than 60.0%,and a high degree of homology with duck(97.2%) was exhibited.The similarity of putative amino acids sequence with other poultry species was more than 86.0%.Fluorescence real-time PCR technology showed that the expression of PIT-1 gene was kept at a certain level right after birth in both genders,and differed in genders before 4-week age.The expression declined after 7 weeks,then increased from 10-week age,and kept stable after 15-week age.


This study aims to analyze the factors that affect production, farm income, farm household food security, the impact of changes in input prices and the rise in output prices and identify the sustainability of rice farming.
The experiment was conducted in Kutai Kartanegara of East Kalimantan province precisely in the District Tenggarong Seberang determined by purposive sampling. The sample farmers were selected using proportional stratified random sampling of 100 respondents. Analysis of the data using Two Stage Least Square (2 SLS).
Based on the analysis of production was positively affected by land area, number of seeds, the amount of urea fertilizer, fertilizer Phonska amount, the amount of pesticides, the amount of labor and farmer education, also negatively affected by the age of the farmer and the presence of coal mining region. Farm income was positively affected by land area and the education of farmers, also negatively affected by the price of seeds, urea fertilizer prices, fertilizer prices Phonska, pesticide prices, wage labor outside the family, the age of the farmer and the presence of coal mining region. Farm household food security positively influenced by total household income and education of farmers, also negatively affected by the price of rice, the price of sugar, the price of fish, cooking oil, vegetable prices, farmers age, family size and the presence of coal mining region.
Average potential opportunities to increase production in the area around the mine at 0.15 percent and 14.46 percent outside the mine area. Simulation input price increases prior to implementation of the technical efficiency of production may lower farm income and farm household food security, simulation input price increases after the application of the technical efficiency of production for the region around the mine can lower farm income and farm household food security, in the outer region of the mine to be able to increase farm income and farm household food security. Simulation rise in output prices and input prices as well as increase in simulation output prices before and after the application of the technical efficiency of production can increase farm income and farm household food security. Implementation of sustainable agriculture based on the dimensions of the ecological, economic, social and coal mines in the surrounding area are included in the category of less sustainable and to the outer regions of the coal mine is quite sustainable.


The invention provides a central winding machine. The central winding machine comprises a machine frame and an overturning frame, wherein the overturning frame can be installed on a machine frame in a rotating manner, and a first winding shaft and a second winding shaft are installed on the overturning frame. The central winding machine is characterized by further comprising a material receiving mechanism, wherein the material receiving mechanism comprises a material receiving frame, a press roll, a press roll frame, a cutting tool, a cutting tool translating mechanism, a chip roller and a chip roller frame, wherein the material receiving frame can be installed on the machine frame in a rotating manner, a material receiving frame oscillation control mechanism is arranged on the machine frame, the press roll frame is installed on the material receiving frame in a rotating manner, the press roll is installed on the press roll frame, a press roll oscillation control mechanism is arranged on the material receiving frame, the cutting tool translating mechanism is arranged on the material receiving frame, the cutting tool is connected to a power output end of the cutting tool translating mechanism, the chip roller frame is installed on the material receiving frame in a rotating manner, the chip roller is installed on the chip roller frame, and a chip roller oscillation control mechanism is arranged on the material receiving frame. According to the invention, as the material receiving mechanism is arranged, materials can be cut off and received automatically, automatic roll replacement and high roll replacing speed can be realized, and production efficiency can be increased.


Based on analyzing the mechanism of percolation for sprinkler irrigation into sloping field, a uniform irrigation and percolation model for different soils and boundaries was proposed and the finite element equations were derived and solved. Numerical simulation and experimental studies show that the results are in agreement with each other. The elementary conclusion is that for unsaturated soils of sloping fields the application ratio of sprinkler irrigation need not to be reduced, and the methods presental herein are applicable.


The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the economy at all levels, from global markets to micro-enterprises. At the same time, the pandemic and its consequences have left a wide digital footprint. Its study seems to be extremely relevant, since approaches to the analysis of the digital footprint of a pandemic and the use of its results for risk management can be successfully applied in the event of similar threats. The relevance of the problem is also recognized by economists who note the significant impact of the pandemic on the economy and economic theory in general. The aim of the study is to develop approaches to the rapid quantitative assessment of the impact of the pandemic on the university based on the data of accounting financial systems, their testing and generation of proposals for minimizing the risks of financial and economic activities. The scientific hypothesis of the study is that based on the analysis of data transmitted to the social insurance fund on the disability of employees, the effectiveness of risk management of financial and economic activities in a pandemic at the university level can be improved. Growth in efficiency is ensured by adjusting plans to minimize risks, taking into account the heterogeneity of the impact of the pandemic on employees depending on age, gender, and belonging to the category of personnel. For data integration and analysis, the authors used Data Science approaches. Using the data of Ural Federal University as an example, the information content of the analyzed data is shown and what management decisions to minimize risks can be made on their basis. An approach to the quantitative analysis of the impact of the pandemic on employees of a legal entity is proposed. The effectiveness of using distance learning to counter the pandemic, the vulnerability to the pandemic of certain categories of employees, the gender structure of disability are demonstrated. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the development of approaches to the use of financial information to improve risk management. The information obtained can be applied in practice, in particular, to clarify the calculation of reserves, improve technical specifications in the development of information systems.


As in the alarming ages we've been witnessed of the data crises all over the world in the last decade. Data has come to its hike as millions and trillions of people generated data in millions of terabytes and petabytes each day. And we have found all the evidence that it is definitely impossible to manage all the data with our traditional management system. All these data are generated from all modern technologies, digital processing which are structured, unstructured, semi-structured and which is merely possible for traditional management system to handle all that. Analysis of these voluminous data requires a lot of efforts at multiple levels to extract knowledge for decision making. Today we are in a serious need of big data solution and that is provided to them by Hadoop, Big data is the extremely large data set that may be analyzed computationally to revel patterns, trends and association especially, relating to human behavior and interactions and this is the basic problem now-a-days. Hadoop and its properties makes it easier for an big data analyst to store the data, enormous processing power and the ability to handle virtually limitless, concurrent tasks or jobs via apache Hadoop. Managing big data through Hadoop is adopted by many researchers and developers to start work on. The basic objective of this paper is to explore the potential impact of big data in the concurrent life styles via analysis and its meaning.


Human face expression recognition is an active research area that has massive applications in medical field, crime investigation, marketing, online learning, automobile safety and video games. The first part of this research defines a deep neural network model-based framework for recognizing the seven main types of facial expression, which are found in all cultures. The proposed methodology involves four stages: (a) preprocessing the FER2013 dataset through relabeling to avoid misleading results and getting rid of non-face and non-frontal faces; (b) design of an efficient stable Cycle Generative Adversarial Network (CycleGAN), which provides unsupervised expression-to-expression translation. The CycleGAN has been designed and trained with a new cycle consistency loss. (c) Generating new images to overcome the class imbalance and finally (d) building the DNN architecture for recognizing the face sign expression, using the pretrained VGG-Face model with vggface weights. The second part encompasses the design of a GPU-accelerated face expression recognition system for real time video sequences using NVIDIAs Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA). OpenCV library has been compiled from scratch with CUDA and NVIDIA CUDA Deep Neural Network library, cuDNN. For face detection stage Haar Cascaded and deep learning were used and tested using both CPU and GPU as backend. Results show that the designed model run time to recognize a face sign is 0.44 seconds. Besides, the average test accuracy has been increased from 64% for the original FER2013 dataset to 91.76% for the modified balanced version using the same transfer learning model. Keywords—Facial expressions detection and recognition; multi-task cascaded convolutional networks; transfer learning; residual neural network; CycleGAN; FER2013; GPU and CUDA; HAAR


At the start of this year there was something of a rush on the stock markets of the world to purchase e-com shares ; according to media reporters electronic commerce was the future and everybody was doing it. By April–May, it seemed that the e-com shares were falling rapidly and doubts were setting in about the viability of some of these new companies. At the same time, digital television and other methods of digital communication have grown considerably, so that the electronic media world is still with us and destined to grow, providing us with more opportunities to learn even more information. It is into this complex world that a lot of lifelong learning opportunities are being launched – courses online, private companies o¶ ering learning opportunities, virtual universities and even talk of the multi-national and global university. Naturally we can expect the universities and colleges to follow in the direction of the global market, except in those countries where the State is shielding its higher education service from the rigours of the learning market. Even here, however, those universities using distance and electronic means of communication will penetrate the boundaries of the State and o¶ er courses that local universities and colleges are not o¶ ering, or qualiŽ cations that come from a higher status institution. Open and distance learning has a great deal to o¶ er many people, especially those – young mothers, the disabled and the elderly, and so on – who Ž nd it diμ cult to attend local college and university campuses. It can also broaden the range of programmes that it is possible to study, so that learners no longer need feel restricted to the monopoly o¶ erings of one educational institution. Second, the quality of the course is more open to public scrutiny if it is accessible by more people and this should help maintain a high level of academic output. It is, therefore, a move to be welcomed – but like all innovations, everything should not be seen as automatically good and there are a number of questions that need to be raised about these developments. For instance, if the multi-national universities do appear, then they will undermine the local and national universities. Naturally they will claim that they will not, but we only have to look at what has happened to many smaller companies that have either been swallowed up by larger corporates, or which have been forced to close down completely. Second, the larger universities will be able to employ well-known academics and lecturers to provide the core curriculum for courses and this could put at risk many local academic jobs. In addition, as local universities embrace online teaching, the pendulum may swing from all face-to-face teaching to everything being online. Courses that are best taught face-to-face might go online ; academic sta¶ may spend more time preparing online material that could have been better presented to students in a di¶ erent and more coste¶ ective manner. At the same time, the preparation and maintenance of course material for open and distance learning is not a cheap process, and new costs are incurred with the updating of material. One of the more hidden problems of online teaching is that two forms of expertise are now required – that of using the technology and that of using sound teaching and learning techniques. There is a danger that a superbly presented course might utilize no


It has been found that grain size and shape, and deposition speed determine packing. Makse et al., 1997 and Cizeau et al, 1999 have shown that natural stratification occurs in poured granular mixtures of large rounded and small rough grains. However, Baxter et al., 1998 reported that natural stratification also occurs in mixtures of same grain shape and various grain sizes for a relatively low deposition speed.


Soil survey of 8 counties in the extreme southern part of Texas. Includes San Patricio, Nueces, Cameron, Hidalgo, Starr, Duval, Zapata, and Webb Counties. Text describes the area, climate, soils, alkali, agriculture, and irrigation of these counties.


Model-based analysis is a well-established approach to assess the influence of several factors on system availability within the context of system structure. Prevalent availability models in the literature consider all failures to be equivalent in terms of their consequences on system services. In other words, all the failures are assumed to be of the same level of severity. In practice, failures are typically classified into multiple severity levels, where failures belonging to the highest severity level cause a complete loss of service, while failures belonging to levels below the highest level enable the system to operate in a degraded mode. This makes it necessary to consider the influence of failure severities on system availability. In this paper we present a Markov model which considers failure severities of the components of the system in conjunction with its structure. The model also incorporates the repair of the components. Based on the model, we derive a closed form expression which relates system availability to the failure and repair parameters of the components. The failure parameters in the model are estimated based on the data collected during acceptance testing of a satellite system. However, since adequate data are not available to estimate the repair parameters, the closed form expressions are used to assess the sensitivity of the system availability to the repair parameters


Based on the assumption of transverse isotropy of the dam layer material and considering the properties of gradual change of mechanical parameters, an analytical model of gradual change law of effect zone for RCCD has been built which is relying on the analysis methods of composite material and series and parallel model theory. The method to calculate the thickness, elastic modulus and adhesive coefficient of effect zone is proposed, and the characteristics of gradual change of mechanical parameters are revealed as well. On the basis of the study, the calculation flow of the viscoelasto-plastic rheological model and corresponding finite element calculation program are set up. The examples show that the method for determining parameters and the analytical model can simulate the changes of dam structure objectively and calculation results can match well with the in-situ monitoring data. Further, the analytical model which is proposed in the thesis can be applied into the normality concrete dams, especially for the analysis of the deformation law of the dam foundation which exists interlayer and faults.


The paper studied the effects of different concentration selenium on the growth and activated oxygen-scavenging system of flue-cured tobacco. The growth with selenium was restrained,the shoots biomass and root biomass grew lower with the increase of selenium menace intension and the restrained effect were in evidence with the higher concentration of Se.Low concentration Se(4mg/kg) had a promoting effect on the chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,chlorophyll a + b,carotenoid and activated oxygen-scavenging system,while high concentration Se(4mg/kg) was in adverse.The correlation analysis between each physiological index and Se concentration indicated that the Se concentration were extreme remarkable negative correlated to shoots biomass,root biomass,chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,chlorophyll a + b,carotenoid,SOD and POD,and extreme remarkable positive correlated to MDA.The MDA concentration change was the most sensitive indicator.


Access to large, high-quality databases is one of the major needs in biodiversity studies. Faunistical data are essential but are often scarce and have to be compiled from various sources. On the basis of more than 30,000 occurrences obtained from specimens held in museum and private collections, as well as from literature data, we present the first updated checklist of the Swiss species of Hydrophiloidea (Georissidae, Helophoridae, Hydrochidae, Hydrophilidae, and Spercheidae) since 1900. In total, 105 species are retained as part of the Swiss fauna, while 16 species, which were recorded from Switzerland in the past, are excluded from this list, either due to insufficient documentation or because their records were based on misidentified material. Cercyon alpinus, Cercyon castaneipennis, Cercyon tatricus, Helophorus montenegrinus, Megasternum immaculatum, Pachysternum capense, and Paracymus scutellaris are recorded for the first time in Switzerland. This work is a further step towards the comprehension of the whole Swiss beetle fauna.


Natural fibres (sisal) were treated with various coupling agents such as organosilane, zirconate, titanate and N-substituted methacrylamide. The nature of the adsorbed chemical species on the fibre surfaces was analysed by Fourier transform infrared microscopy (FT-IR). The presence of precipitated oligomers on the surface was confirmed by the appearance of hydrogen-bonded carbonyl group and unsaturation bands. The results showed an irregular physisorption/chemisorption of coupling agents, their penetration beyond the surface, and a decrease in the hydrophilicity of fibres. SEM and dynamic contact angle studies on the fibres supported these findings. FT-IR microscopy in its reflectance mode was more effective in ascertaining the chemical nature and structure of adsorbed layers onto sisal fibre surfaces compared with DRIFT and transmission spectroscopy. The difference in the properties of untreated and chemically treated fibres has also been verified in the polymer composites.

© 2000 Society of Chemical Industry


1. A computer-readable medium comprising instructions, which when executed by one or more processors disposed in an electronic device (110), implement a method for manipulating GUI, the method comprising the steps of: create a virtual three-dimensional space (400) which can be filled with a plurality of objects (406) GUI, GUI objects representing at least one of media content, data information, or interactive experiences for the user (105) GUI, GUI objects are displayed on the two-dimensional display screen ( 218) on the device (110); ! support one or more user elements (223) control to interact with the three-dimensional space (400) so that by manipulating the controls, from the viewpoint on the display screen (218), the user (105) may maneuver through the virtual three-dimensional space (400) detailing image from close GUI objects to distant sites (406) GUI, while close objects (406) GUI provide semantic structure for distant objects (406) GUI; and! allowed to interact with the object (406) GUI to facilitate control over the device (110) by the user (105). ! 2. The computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the GUI objects are arranged in three-dimensional space so that close GUI objects in three-dimensional space represent high-level media content, information, data, or an interactive event, and distant GUI objects represent detailed media content, information, data, or interactive event. ! 3. The computer readable medium of claim 1, wherein the manipulation comprises the step of controlling the direction of the path through three dimensional space, of


We have previously reported that several genes are frequently coamplified with the adenylate deaminase 2 gene in coformycin resistant Chinese hamster fibroblasts (1). In the present report, we describe the identification of one of them, previously shown to encode a peptide of about 60 kd and named X (1), as a seryl-tRNA synthetase gene. A cDNA (600 bp) corresponding to a part of the X mRNA (2.5 kb) (1) was inserted in both orientations at the PstI site of the Ml3tgl31 vector (2) and the nucleotide sequence of both strands was determined by the dideoxy-chain termination method (3) using M13 universal primer and adequate 20 mer oligonucleotides. This sequence was compared to sequences present in data banks using the FASTN program (4) and found to be significantly homologous to a part of the seryl-tRNA synthetase genes of Escherichia coli (54% identity) and of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (59% identity). The X nucleotide sequence has no homology with the 3' end of the incomplete sequence of the reurine seryl-tRNA synthetase mRNA present in the data banks (5): an alignment of this murine sequence and the X sequence with the yeast sequence showed that the X sequence is homologous to a region of the yeast gene upstream of the murine sequence without any overlap. T'his alignment also revealed that the 5' end of X is homologous to a part of the yeast gene previously shown to encode the conserved motif G--


This investigation has shown that a derivative of the MicroMAPS instrument, equipped with a 16 inch Cassegrain telescope and a HgCdZnTe detector operating at -40 C (hence compatible with thermoelectric coolers) can detect tropospheric SO2 at concentrations typical of volcanic eruptions at distances from the crater of up to 1000 km. Even pre-eruptive outgassing would be detectable within approximately 100 km of the crater. Furthermore, signal-to-noise ratios are high enough to allow the use of ground spots as small as 100 m (produced by inserting appropriate field stops into the optical path) to carry out detailed studies of high concentration plumes. This investigation has also shown that a small affordable spacecraft, suitable for launch as a piggy-back payload on several standard launch vehicles and having all the characteristics necessary to support the modified MicroMAPS instrument is feasible. The spacecraft is configured as an octagonal cylinder with a length of 73 cm, a diameter of 50 cm and a mass of 33 kg. The peak power requirement is 42 W which is provided by body-mounted silicon solar arrays. The spacecraft would be in a 600 km sun-synchronous orbit which would provide high (300 m) resolution global maps of tropospheric SO2 every 10 days. Three-axis stability is provided by a control system employing magnetic torquers and reaction wheels. The nominal spacecraft mode is nadir pointing and the reaction wheels provide a slewing capability for pointing at volcanic plumes of interest


This article examines the mechanisms and principles of North Korea's urban housing designs that appeared following the Korean War (1950–1953). Early in the reconstruction period, the new-born socialist nation imported housing models from the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc. However, as urbanisation proceeded rapidly, as a result of policies aimed at developing heavy industry, North Korean architects faced two challenges: first, they had to develop their own standard models in the light of their technical limitations regarding prefabricated construction, and second, they had to socialise the country's way of life in its dwelling spaces. Notably, housing types imported from other socialist countries conflicted with the traditional Korean way of life and eventually went through an adaptive process. By the early 1960s, North Korean architects had arrived at new standard models that are still influential in North Korea's large cities. This study attempts to gain insight into the essential components of North Korea's socialist urban housing and domestic culture by focusing on changes and continuity in North Korea's post-war urban housing.