INTRODUCTION
The aim of this study was to determine the role of Prognostic Nutritional Index in predicting gastric cancer.

EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
Studies were searched in PubMed, EMBASE and ISI Web of Science. The hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval for survival estimate were extracted from the articles and the pooled HR was computed.

EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
Nine studies with 3203 participants met the inclusion criteria. Low PNI was associated with poor overall survival (pooled HR 1.92, 95% CI: 1.68-2.19).

CONCLUSIONS
Prognostic Nutritional Index was an effective indicator for the prognosis of gastric cancer.


The nucleotide sequences of infectious cloned DNAs 1 and 2 of a Kenyan isolate of cassava latent virus (CLV) have been determined. Five virus‐specific polyadenylated transcripts have been identified and mapped either to the viral or complementary sense DNAs of both components of the CLV genome, confirming that transcription is bidirectional on both DNAs. A major mRNA has been translated in vitro to yield a 30 000 mol. wt. product, which is precipitated by antibodies raised against whole virus, and has been mapped by both the S1 nuclease procedure and hybrid‐arrested translation to the long open reading frame (ORF) in the viral sense of DNA 1 which encodes the coat protein. Other transcripts were of sufficient size and appropriate origin to encode at least five potential products.


Significance The preparation of hierarchical biomimetic nanostructures remains a challenging task. Bioinspired peptoid polymers offer a promising opportunity to encode assembly information within the component chains. Here, we report a one-pot preparation of planar nanobrush structures from poly(ethyleneglycol)-block-poly(N-octylglycine) based on tuning the interplay of crystallization and solvophobicity. Each nanobrush assembly is composed of two distinct structural domains, which form sequentially by control of the solution temperature, and contain distinct molecular packing motifs. Micellar intermediates first assemble into linear arrays at elevated temperature in a mesophase state, followed by lateral, crystallization-driven growth in a living manner upon cooling. Precise control over the nanobrush dimensions could be achieved. The structural tunability and excellent biocompatibility of polypeptoids offer great potential for nanomaterials inaccessible previously. Hierarchical nanomaterials have received increasing interest for many applications. Here, we report a facile programmable strategy based on an embedded segmental crystallinity design to prepare unprecedented supramolecular planar nanobrush-like structures composed of two distinct molecular packing motifs, by the self-assembly of one particular diblock copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(N-octylglycine) in a one-pot preparation. We demonstrate that the superstructures result from the temperature-controlled hierarchical self-assembly of preformed spherical micelles by optimizing the crystallization−solvophobicity balance. Particularly remarkable is that these micelles first assemble into linear arrays at elevated temperatures, which, upon cooling, subsequently template further lateral, crystallization-driven assembly in a living manner. Addition of the diblock copolymer chains to the growing nanostructure occurs via a loosely organized micellar intermediate state, which undergoes an unfolding transition to the final crystalline state in the nanobrush. This assembly mechanism is distinct from previous crystallization-driven approaches which occur via unimer addition, and is more akin to protein crystallization. Interestingly, nanobrush formation is conserved over a variety of preparation pathways. The precise control ability over the superstructure, combined with the excellent biocompatibility of polypeptoids, offers great potential for nanomaterials inaccessible previously for a broad range of advanced applications.


Diversity of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that have ability to improved number of carnocine on bakasang were determind by application of molecular approach. Molecular characterization of LAB was based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing.  The result  showed that one isolate lactic acid bacteria (Pediococcus sp.B.5.1)   among 9 isolates LAB exhibited the highest ability to improved number of carnocine. The molecular characterization based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the Pediococcus B.5.1 isolate  clearly belonged to members of species Pediococcus acidilactici. Therefore, lactic acid bacteria with the high ability to improved number of carnosine could be found from fermented fish bakasang and make bakasang as a functional food.


The invention relates to a reversing mechanism and a reversing method. The reversing method is characterized in that electromagnets attract to drive a reversing shaft to the upper position, an electronic component is disposed on the reversing shaft and sucked by a middle hole thereon, the electromagnets repel, the reversing shaft reaches the lower position by spring force, a motor drives the reversing shaft to reverse the electronic component through a synchronous belt, the electromagnets attract again to drive the reversing shaft to the upper position, the middle hole of the reversing shaft is closed with vacuum, and the electronic component is moved to the next workstation by a discharging mechanism. The reversing shaft of the reversing mechanism is capable of freely moving up and down relative to a rotary reversing sleeve and rotationally moves along with the rotary reversing sleeve. By rotary reversing, quality of products during rotary reversing is guaranteed.


Abstract : Lithium Tetraborate (LTB) is assessed for use as a material for neutron detection. LTB isotopically enriched in either Li-6 or B-10 provides a medium that efficiently captures and transmutes neutrons into more readily detected forms of material or energy. Neutron detection is desirable to detect elicit movement of special nuclear material or nuclear weapons. Single crystals of LTB, Li-6 or B-10 enriched, were neutron irradiated, and electron paramagnetic resonance was used to detect point defects induced by the neutrons. Multiple defects were noted in the irradiated crystals. Two particular defects, perturbed lithium vacancies and lithium clusters are proposed as induced by thermal neutrons. Parallel experiments on silver doped LTB indicated that fast neutrons induce interstitial defects including interstitial oxygen, lithium, and silver atoms in silver doped crystals. Electron paramagnetic resonance, electron-nuclear double resonance, pulsed anneal, and thermo luminescence studies prior to neutron irradiation concluded that silver doped LTB crystals contain silver point defects that trap both electrons and holes. Pulsed anneal and thermo luminescence studies of all crystal types prior to neutron irradiation suggest neutron induced defects are significantly more stable that as grown defects. Thermo luminescence may be a viable technique to detect neutron interactions in the crystals. Lastly, 511 keV gamma radiation observed after neutron irradiation of all crystals is attributed to positron annihilation in the crystals. The Li-6(Li-7,2n)C-11 reaction is suggested as the responsible mechanism for positron production. The resulting C-11 nucleus radio actively decays via emission of a positron with a half life of 20.39 minutes.


We carry out a time-dependent numerical simulation where both the hydrodynamics and the radiative transfer are coupled together. We consider a two-component accretion flow in which the Keplerian disc is immersed inside an accreting low angular momentum flow (halo) around a black hole. The injected soft photons from the Keplerian disc are reprocessed by the electrons in the halo. We show that in presence of an axisymmetric soft-photon source the spherically symmetric Bondi flow loses its symmetry and becomes axisymmetric. The low angular momentum flow was observed to slow down close to the axis and formed a centrifugal barrier which added new features into the spectrum. Using the Monte Carlo method, we generated the radiated spectra as functions of the accretion rates. We find that the transitions from a hard state to a soft state is determined by the mass accretion rates of the disc and the halo. We separate out the signature of the bulk motion Comptonization and discuss its significance. We study how the net spectrum is contributed by photons suffering different number of scatterings and spending different amounts of time inside the Compton cloud. We study the directional dependence of the emitted spectrum as well.


Aims: To determine the prevalence and types of trachoma in all persons resident in Yobe state, Nigeria and establish baseline data for monitoring and evaluation of trachoma control programmes. Methods: A population based cross-sectional survey of 27 villages' selected based on probability proportional to size. Three thousand, three hundred and fifty seven persons residing in these villages were examined with a ×2.5 magnifying binocular loupe for trachoma. Trachoma was graded according to the World Health Organisation grading scheme. Results: Three thousand three hundred and thirty five persons were examined. Blindness prevalence was 2.5% (CI, 2.0–3.1%); 17.9% of blindness was due to trachomatous corneal opacity. The prevalence of trachoma follicular conjunctivitis in children less 1-9 years was 18.3% (CI 16.1%–20.8%) while trachomatous trichiasis prevalence in adults above 15 years was 3.8% (CI 3.0%–4.8%). Adult females were more likely to have trichiasis than males, odds ratio 2.12 (CI 1.23–3.71). Conclusion: Trachoma remains a major cause of blindness in Yobe state; thereby supporting the need to implement all aspects of the trachoma control programme recommended by the World Health Organisation to eliminate this avoidable cause of blindness.


We present a formalism based upon dynamic programming (DP), to characterize light propagation in particular GRIN (gradient index) media by analyzing ray trajectories associated with skew-type rays. We study the conditions for the formation of periodic trajectories and stability of the system. We perform a comparative study with the classical formalism based on the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. The DP formalism allows representation in phase (momentum) space.


In this paper it is commented of the paper of the data like support of the decisions that the directive make and as important resource of the company. So that the decisions are objective it is not enough they take based on the data but rather, also, these they should have the appropriate quality, what means that they are adapted to the use that they are sought to give. Reference is made to the effect that it has more than enough the economy, image and prestige of the organizations has the poor data quality, to the multidimensional character of the data quality and the necessity of taking initiatives that allow to solve these problems that are presented in this field.


During the everyday usage of an automobile, only 10–16% of the fuel energy is used to drive the car—to overcome the resistance from road friction and air drag. One important loss is the dissipation of vibration energy by shock absorbers in the vehicle suspension under the excitation of road irregularity and vehicle acceleration or deceleration. In this paper we design, characterize and test a retrofit regenerative shock absorber which can efficiently recover the vibration energy in a compact space. Rare-earth permanent magnets and high permeable magnetic loops are used to configure a four-phase linear generator with increased efficiency and reduced weight. The finite element method is used to analyze the magnetic field and guide the design optimization. A theoretical model is created to analytically characterize the waveforms and regenerated power of the harvester at various vibration amplitudes, frequencies, equilibrium positions and design parameters. It was found that the waveform and RMS voltage of the individual coils will depend on the equilibrium position but the total energy will not. Experimental studies of a 1:2 scale prototype are conducted and the results agree very well with the theoretical predictions. Such a regenerative shock absorber will be able to harvest 16–64 W power at 0.25–0.5 m s − 1 RMS suspension velocity.


Sports activities in Ecuador have managed to have a leading role in the national economy of the country, consolidating as a source of interest for many people and showing itself as a sustainable activity. In this way, for the preparation of a business plan, we seek to know the operational and financial feasibility of the creation of a martial arts academy for children from 6 to 12 years old with social problems, which is imparted through physical activities, innovative and mental, a series of conducts and learnings useful for the development of children, so that their behavior and attitude are positive. The physical and mental activities that are carried out in the academy, as a primary objective, give the child confidence and self-confidence. Thus, through the medium of the academy seeks to monopolize the largest number of children with social problems by marketing actions focused on promoting the service in the northern part of the city in parishes of Pomasqui, San Antonio de Pichincha and Calderon. It was also proposed the creation of an organizational structure focused on the principles of the company that supports the business idea focused on the welfare of the client and all the staff that is part of it. The financial study carried out, expresses the viability of the project and ensures a remarkable performance in the economic activities of the company with a recovery of the invested.


Various methods are available for synthesis of solids, the solid may be of various form starting from single crystal, polycrystalline solid to thin film. Depending on the requirement and the availability of facility various methods are adopted. Out of those solid state reactions method is widely adopted for synthesizing required compounds. In addition hydrothermal method, sol-gel technique, vapor phase transport method, ion exchange reaction, electrochemical method, combustion solution and microwave synthesis have put major contribution towards development of novel compounds.


Mathematical model's property affects surface description and simulation's difficulty and precision directly. The existing spiral models describe spiral surface generally through recording each helix in the spiral surface, and are unsuitable for the transaction of data and graphics in OpenGL simulation, and due to its weak versatility it's hard to describe complicated microcosmic macroscopical surface forming by turning. The paper picks-up the commonness of forming surface by turning, uses spiral surface characteristics leaded by two boundary lines, gives a conception of generalized helicoids that can describe all model macroscopic surfaces and microcosmic surfaces created by tool in turning process, and also provides a general mathematic model about this. The study simplifies the description and the mathematic model of mixed model surfaces in turning process. Additionally, it provides a theoretical basis for emulation-graphics and emulation-image manipulation, and verifies its feasibility, convenience and function through instances.


A viral inhibitor with the properties of interferon appeared in the fluids of chick cell cultures inoculated with a rapidly cytocidal agent-Sindbis virus. It was found that an important condition for the optimal production of this inhibitor was preincubation of the culture from which it was derived with heat inactivated virus. The inhibitor itself did not potentiate its production. Inactivated virus alone produced no inhibitor although it imparted minimal cell resistance. Interferon production was followed along with infective virus production under conditions close to synchronous infection. Apparently, synthesis of both products took place in the same cells but inhibitory activity was detectable slightly later than infectivity.


ABSTRAK

Aulia fadillah, 11207263
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT DIRECT COST AND OPERATING COST TO INCOME LEVEL OF SERVICE AT PT. MEDIA NETWORK ATLAS INDONESIA

PI Manajement Program Study, Economics Faculty, University Of Gunadarma, 2010.

( x + 46 Page)
 In the world of business in this time, economics and industrial at corporate world grows more faster. This situation opens opportunity for business actors to enter to into market and try to look for effort opprortunity at various area not with the exeception of inside advertisement word that with quantity various product that appear electronic media and prin. The hoisterous of advertisement that correlating seed at electronic media and print, with at festivity centre, by side of advertisement highway, thereby may at say to have come to part from life everyday the presence almost never at realize.
This research aims to detect how far direct cost influence and operating cost towards service income level PT. Media Network Atlas Indonesia. Data is primary data, where data got after ask about direct to resource person related in research. Data at obtain, be financial statement data PT. Media Network Atlas Indonesia from year 2008 up to 2009. From financial statement counted direct cost, operating cost, and service income level. Dependent variable from this research income level, while independent variable direct cost and operating cost. Use doubled linear regresion analysis.
The research results demoes there influence significant between direct cost, operating cost, toward income level.

Keyword : Advertisement, Direct Cost, Operating Cost, Income Level


A is to provide a disk roll and the substrate without the mica essential components excellent balance between abrasion resistance and the outer diameter change ratio. A ceramic fibers, an inorganic binder, substrate disk roll comprising scaly silica. .FIELD 1


Training in the conditions of complex hypoxy-hypercapny influence accelerates asteno-neurotic disturbances' reduction in participants of liquidation of after-effects of emergency situations.


A cutoff frequency, f/sub T/, of 85 GHz was measured on a fully-depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) n-MOSFET with a gate length of 0.15 /spl mu/m. The p-MOSFET with 0.22-/spl mu/m gate length has an f/sub T/ of 42 GHz. The high-frequency equivalent circuits were derived from scattering parameters for MOSFETs with various gate lengths. The effects of gate length and other device parameters on the performance of FDSOI MOSFETs at RF are discussed.


The prevalence of discrete subaortic stenosis (SAS) in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) is 8 to 20%, with a male to female ratio of 2:1. Fixed SAS may be due to a discrete fibrous membrane, a muscular narrowing, or a combination of the two. The discrete form of fibromuscular SAS is most frequently encountered (90%), but the tunnel-type lesions are associated with a greater degree of stenosis. We report the case of a 16-year-old boy scheduled for double valve replacement (DVR) based on the preoperative echocardiographic report of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) with severe aortic stenosis (AS), severe aortic regurgitation (AR) and moderate mitral stenosis (MS), and moderate mitral regurgitation (MR) with severe left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction and LV apical clot. Preoperative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in the operation theater revealed discrete subaortic membrane (SAM) causing severe LV outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). The patient underwent open heart surgery with resection of the discrete membrane and removal of apical clot.


Firms outperforming their competitors face imitation and substitution of their innovations which theoretically erodes their competitive advantage. Based on resource based theory we investigate the ...


Citrus scab disease and anthracnose not only affect the normal growth of fruit trees,but also affect the appearances,yields and qualities of fruits,which reduces the economic effect.The experiment of control effects of various drugs on citrus scab disease and anthracnose shows that the control effects of 600 fold solution of potassium permanganate are reasonable,this solution can decrease fruit pesticide residue and is worth popularizing.


This paper reflects on the design challenges related to designing novel information technology for the domain of emergency response. The reflection is grounded in the concrete design objectives of a major European R&D project focussing on the novel information technology of wearable computing. Based on a concrete discussion of these challenges, the design objective is framed as supporting the systemic innovation of the socio-technical system composed of technology, users and their organisation. A number of specific design techniques used in the before-mentioned project are critically discussed in terms of their contribution to such a systemic innovation.


Objective To study congenital tooth anomaly of Angle class Ⅱ division 2 malocclusion and investigate the relationship between them. Methods A study was done in 102 untreated patients, age 12-49 years old, with Angle class Ⅱdivision 2.The data of BOLTON index discrepancies and congenital tooth anomalies such as small size of maxillary lateral incisors, missing lower incisors, supernumerary teeth, tooth impactions, transposed teeth and rotated teeth were analyzed. Results In malocclusion of class Ⅱ division 2, 50.00% of the patients had congenital tooth anomaly. The BOLTON index discrepancies of anterior teeth accounted for 42.16%, of full-mouth teeth for 41.18%. The results also showed that there were 25.49% of the patients with small size of maxillary lateral incisor, 10.78% with missing lower incisor, no supernumerary tooth, 3.92% with tooth impaction, 2.94% with transposed tooth and 7.84% with tooth reversed about 90°. Conclusion The incidence of congenital tooth abnormality is higher in Angle class Ⅱ division 2 malocclusion. In order to achieve the best therapeutic effect, more attention should be paid to small size of maxillary lateral incisor, missing lower incisor and BOLTON index discrepancy during treatment.


summary The Power divergence family of statistics was introduced by Cressie and Read in 1984. The likelihood ratio statistic and the Pearson's chi-squared statistic are examples of the many members of the power divergency family which are linked through a family parameter �. We present here the results of a comparative simulation study on the accuracy of the chi-squared approximation for two members of the family (� = 1 and � = 2 ) when they are used for goodness-of-fit testing in


The effect of [Asu1, 7]-eel Calcitonin (ECT) on the morphology and biomechanical strength of the long bone diaphysis were studied in EHDP induced rachitic rats.The promotion of mineralization and calcification was observed around the osteoid tissue in ECT treated rats.However this mineralization failed to affect the breaking strength, stress or bending modulus.


Stiffness Over the Mid-support for a Modified Single Overlap Joint of a Single Bay Trapezoidal Steel Sheet Profile Used in Long Spans


The present invention relates to a method of producing biofuel, more specifically a method of producing biofuel comprising the steps of generating monosugars from marine algae, or from polysaccharides extracted from marine algae by treating the marine algae or the polysaccharides with a hydrolytic enzyme and/or a hydrolytic catalyst; and fermenting the monosugars using a microorganism to produce biofuel. The method of producing biofuel of the present invention solve the problem of raw material suppliance since it uses marine algae as a raw material for biomass, and reduce the production costs by excluding lignin eliminating process that has been required by the conventional method using wood-based raw materials, resulting in economic and environmental advantages.


Abstract Semiconductor device fabrication is considered today as one of the most complicated manufacturing process, characterized by an important complexity of production context, in an uncertain environment. To improve process efficiency and productivity, it is of prime importance for engineers to dispose of reliable indicators to drive decision-making on maintenance operations. To this end, terabytes of different data are collected during the manufacturing process, to feed statistical analysis tools and production management systems. Prognostics and health management (PHM) is defined as the discipline that links studies of failure mechanisms to system lifecycle management. Among the different approaches existing for prognosis, data-driven techniques learn models directly from monitored operational data related to system health. There is therefore a great interest in applying data-driven PHM methodologies to address semiconductor manufacturing issues. This paper surveys works on data-driven approaches for two issues of PHM methodologies with applications focused on semi-conductor manufacturing process: the development of indicators for health assessment, and prognostic methods.


That fishes do many unexpected and well-nigh inexplicable things is attested by many students of thlese lowest vertebrates. It has been my good fortune to record a number of such personal observations, and also to bring to light many like ones made by others-and oftentimes hidden in obscure and long-forgotten publications. I have unfortunately never had the satisfaction of finding water pipes plugged by exploring fishes, but I have long known that they do these things and have made notes of such occurrences. One would expect such happenings to be confined to long, slender, sinuous fishes, but such is not always true as will be shown later. And now that attention has been sharply focussed on such doings by eels in New York City water pipes in the past few months, I am led to bring the collected data into orderly presentation for publication. I believe that the record will interest students of fish behavior and also the general pubiic. The most numerous, definite, and recent accounts of the invasion of water pipes by eels (or any other fishes) come from a subdivision of New York City. For reasons at once obvious, these accounts will be presented in reverse chronological order.


A printed ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with five notched stop bands is presented. By introducing a pair of arc-shaped slots, two defected ground structures and an open-loop resonator, five sharp notches are achieved at frequencies of 2.4, 3.2, 5.2, 5.8 and 7.5 GHz. The proposed antenna has been fabricated and tested. The measured results indicate that the proposed design not only supports UWB bandwidth requirements but rejects five narrow bands to avoid possible interference with existing communication systems. In addition, the proposed antenna has relatively omnidirectional radiation patterns in passbands.


Materials handled by petrochemical or chemical plants are inherently hazardous due to high temperatures, pressures or rotational speeds. Hence it needs to adopt well-designed practices in operation, maintenance, supervision and management in order to avoid or minimise any uncertainties. At the same time it is important to assess both the quantifiable components and the unquantifiable components of risk because of the importance of intangible factors on risk and the impossibility of quantifying them.


We research novel solutions and apply new transformative findings towards quantum processing engineering high-performance and enabled-capabilities data processing platforms. In living organisms, various information and data processing tasks are performed by microscopic atomic and biomolecular fabrics using quantum phenomena and effects. We examine fundamentals of quantum data processing on measurable, processable and compatible real-valued physical quantities (variables) in microscopic fabrics. These fabrics comprise and implement devices, modules and systems. The developed quantum data processing paradigm: (1) Unifies and enables concepts of theoretical computer science, computer engineering and quantum mechanics; (2) Consistent with the first principles of quantum informatics, communication and processing; (3) Coherently examines device physics, switching algebra, processing arithmetics and calculus; (4) Fosters fundamentally-consistent and practical microscopic hardware solutions. We examine two core problems, e.g., algorithmic and hardware premises. The microscopic processing primitives must exhibit utilizable quantum-effect state transitions on the measurable physical variables (observables) which result in computable transforms from viewpoints of devise physics, processing arithmetics, calculus and design. Our new coherent, cohesive and consistent paradigm promises one to: (i) Ease enormous challenges; (ii) Overcome foremost inconsistencies of naive algorithmically-centric computing; (iii) Enable new practical inroads, paradigms and solutions; (iv) Guarantee unprecedented processing capabilities ensuring far-reaching benchmarks; (v) Advance theory and practice of natural and engineered processing. Our findings support a broad spectrum of transformative research activities and engineering developments. The results may be used in assessing performance, capabilities and benchmarks of natural and engineered processing and computing.


This article discusses researching the Conservative Party in Wales after the Second World War. Although remaining seriously unpopular in many of the former industrial heartlands, the Conservatives have, for the majority of this period, been the second most popular political force in Wales, and the most popular in some areas. The article suggests that the Conservative Party, what it symbolised, and who its supporters were, represents a fundamental break with previous dominating themes. It argues that this history has been side-lined and marginalised because of an entrenched labour history tradition in Welsh historical studies. The party undoubtedly had to battle with its toxic image in Wales as a party of Englishmen, landowners and elitists. In the face of this, Conservatives in Wales developed policy, a rhetoric, and a presentational style aimed at recognising and supporting Welsh nationhood. The article will discuss how this allows various themes of Welsh history to be explored, such as changing working relations, the rise of a middle class, and the role of women in the Conservative movement. The practicalities of researching such a topic are fraught with many difficulties, and this article aims to outline these, as well as suggesting why this important and understudied history needs to be told.


Epidemics resulting from the gradual build-up of a new pathogen population can severely damage a pearl millet cultivar over a wide area in a year which favors disease development...


A year ago few people realized it was possible. Those who had heard of Namibia (South West Africa) saw it as a primitive country whose people lacked political consciousness and whose workers, denied any right to organize, were docile and impotent. A general strike with political motivation behind it is a highly sophisticated weapon. It depends on a high level of political awareness, a sense of solidarity among the workers and a fairly cool calculation of the likely effects. It also generally requires that the workers be sufficiently skilled as to be difficult to replace easily. Over the last decade, many of the workers, although on twelve to eighteen month contracts after which they returned to Ovamboland, had repeatedly returned for further contracts. And given the shortage of skilled white workers, they had moved into many of the semi-skilled and a few of the skilled posts. A substantial number had thus become a semi-permanent, fairly skilled labor force, not readily replaceable. Namibia's strike started on about 13 December 1971 in Windhoek and Walvis Bay; spread quickly to the Tsumeb mine; and soon crippled all but one of the mines and much of the other economic activity in the territory. The 13,000 striking workers, representing some twentyfive percent of the contract workers in the white "Police Zone," included a substantial group of the more highly skilled. Presumably in order to keep the strike from being broken, the strikers insisted on returning en masse to Ovamboland. A world that was not expecting anything to happen in Namibia was nevertheless jarred into recognizing the significance of this act of passive resistance. Later, South Africa closed the borders of Ovamboland, ostensibly because of sporadic violence, and all journalists were kept out. The strike is no longer "news; " so the press does not tell us that it is still apparently going on, with probably well under half the strikers having returned to work under the new agreement signed by the South African Government and the Ovambo and Kavango Legislative Councils on 20 January 1972.


Du Fu's five-syllable poems are based on the traditional five-syllable pattern; on aspects of length and style,they can be divided into two kinds: one of six-line and the other of over ten-line,the latter of which was rarely seen in the early Tang poetry but was Du's favorite. From traditional poetic subjects of ganye( poem presented to the nobility as self-recommendation),songmei( praise),and chouzeng( reciprocation),he made a gradual subject transition to shuhuai( express one's feeling) and political allegory. Moreover,in his later odes,he achieved a complete transition from taigeti( a fixed official style of elegant subject) to feeling-reciting poetry. Meanwhile,creative skills can be found in his works: constant circumlocution and syllable parallelism,variant arrangement of transverse narrative,and multi-layered juxtaposition. These worked to shape his poem into a special two-way narrative structure and vigorous and profound composition. Therefore he broke the limitation of traditional regulated verse,and made his odes distinctively contrasted with the old five-syllable verse in expressive forms.


We present numerical results for the phase-periodic conductance of an Andreev interferometer and predict the existence of a voltage-induced crossover from a zero-phase minimum to a zero-phase maximum. This contrasts with a recent analysis of Stoof and Nazarov and Volkov, Allsopp, and Lambert, which predicts a vanishing amplitude of oscillation at zero temperature and voltage, respectively, and demonstrates that such behavior is nonuniversal.


A principal components analysis was performed on the self-ratings obtained from the Personality Adjective List (PAL-1) for a sample of 202 male and female college students. The obtained components were then rotated according to the varimax procedure. The varimax factors obtained were: Congeniality, Ingenuity, Striving, Vivacity, Articulateness, Curiosity, Meditativeness, Individuality, and Open-mindedness.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the perceptions on the realistic concepts of leisure and the necessity of leisure in university members. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, according to the results of analyzing the concepts of leisure in the realistic aspect of university members, they defined the concepts of leisure in the two aspects of socio-economic foundation as well as recharge for individual management. First of all, in the aspects of socio-economic foundation, university members defined the concepts of leisure as leisure according to income levels, leisure in the context of social activities, and commercialized leisure. Next, in the aspect of individual management, university members defined the concepts of leisure as the meaning of recharge. Second, according to the results of analyzing the necessity of leisure and its reasons in university members, leisure was necessary in social and individual aspects. First of all, in the social aspect, leisure participation was very effective in psychological stability in the context of the extension of social networks and the relationship between members, and so was certainly necessary to restore the power for returning to economic and social activities, and then was necessary for the most important methods to solve difficulties. Next, in the individual aspect, leisure was helpful not to be satisfied with the present to pursue self-development continuously and to prepare the momentum for self-reflection as the process of self-development.


Oxygen therapy is administered to patients to decrease tissue hypoxia and to relieve arterial hypoxemia. High concentrations of oxygen often are used for short pe riods of time in patients with acute respiratory illnesses, and concentrations only slightly higher than ambient levels are administered for much longer time periods to patients with chronic respiratory diseases. Supplying oxygen to plants, animals, or bacteria has long been known to produce varying amounts of tissue damage; toxicity increases as concentrations of oxygen or the pressure used during exposure increases. End-organ damage from hyperoxia depends on both the concentra tion of oxygen administered and the pressure during the exposure. Prolonged exposure to hyperbaric oxygen (> 2.5 atmosphere of pressure) causes both central nervous system and pulmonary toxicity that results in atelectasis, pulmonary edema, and seizures. Lung dam age as a result of normobaric hyperoxia is the predomi nant manifestation of toxicity. A severe retinopathy (re trolental fibroplasia) also can occur in neonates during oxygen exposures at ambient pressure, and cases have been reported to occur with only modest increases in inspired oxygen concentrations. For these reasons, the lowest possible concentration of oxygen that relieves tissue hypoxia is administered to patients, and the oxy gen concentration is stabilized when the desired thera peutic goals are accomplished.


Interestingly the age-standardised incidence in both New Zealand and the UK is falling steadily, presumably as a result of the medical and life style interventions that have caused a similar fall in cardiac events. 3 So although as the population ages we might expect an increase in the numbers of ruptured and fatal AAA, this increase is by no means certain if the age standardised incidence continues to fall. AAA can be diagnosed easily with ultrasound.


Coverage is a very important parameter because it measures how effectively a target field is monitored by the sensor network. This paper provides a comparative statistics for the impact of various node characteristics on the area coverage. In this paper, we have also focused on sensor networks with two types of nodes that differ in their capabilities, and discussed the effects of heterogeneity of sensing on the network coverage. This work can serve as a guideline for designing large-scale sensor networks cost-effectively. The work can also be extended to more complicated heterogeneous wireless sensor networks with more than two types of sensors.


We have found out that there are organization confution in Chinese pharmaceutical industry.So we should advance medicine manufacturing mergence and reorganization,increase medicine manufacturing increased RD input,strengthen medicine manufacturing control of the government.


Okhotsk Sea coast of Hokkaido, Japan, is known as the southern limit of sea ice, which forms in high-latitude waters and arrives at Hokkaido between January and March every year. In this study, observation was conducted using IPS (Ice Profiling Sonar) and ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler), which have been adopted in recent years. As a result of analyzing data obtained in February 2001, sea ice mainly moved in a southeast direction along the coast, and the traveling speed was approximately 0.2 m/sec. A high correlation was observed between the traveling speed of sea ice, wind velocity and velocity of current in ocean. The cross section of sea ice passing over the equipment was also estimated by the draft and traveling speed. The maximum draft observed was 3.6 m, and the frequency of drafts of 2 m or deeper was 4 % and those of 3 m or deeper was 0.1 %. It was confirmed that large-scale deformed ice formed by dynamic actions existed even in Okhotsk Sea coast of Hokkaido. INTRODUCTION When designing and constructing offshore/coastal structures, pipelines and other underwater and buried structures or conducting transport by sea vessels in ice-infested waters, interaction with sea ice must be fully taken into consideration. It is also necessary to acquire information on the underside profile of sea ice, ice thickness distribution and other matters in advance for prediction of oil spreading or recovery of oil in the event that a spill occurs in ice-infested waters. In particular, with the recent progress of oil and natural gas development along the Sakhalin continental shelf, transport of oil and natural gas to Japan by pipelines and vessels as well as accompanying oil spills or other accidents are expected in the future. Clarification of ice conditions in Okhotsk Sea coast of Hokkaido and other engineering studies concerning the above issues will therefore be increasingly necessary. Because hardly any field observation has been conducted in Okhotsk Sea coast of Hokkaido (Fig. 1), we have conducted sea ice surveys using ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) and IPS (Ice Profiling Sonar) since 2000, which have been adopted in recent years. Some results of our surveys have already been reported (Hayakawa, et al., 2001; Sakikawa, et al., 2002). Another sea ice surveys using a similar method are also being conducted in the northeastern Sakhalin (Birch et al., 1999). 1 Civil Engineering Res. Inst. of Hokkaido, Hiragishi 1-3-1-34, Toyohira, Sapporo 062-8602, Japan Figure 2: Map of observation site IPS ADCP Mombetsu Port Observatory tide level, wind speed, direction


The influence of the substrate P1′ position on the specificity of two zinc matrix metalloproteases, membrane type-1 matrix metalloprotease (MT1-MMP) and stromelysin-3 (ST3), was evaluated by synthesizing a series of fluorogenic substrates of general formula dansyl-Pro-Leu-Ala-Xaa-Trp-Ala-Arg-NH2, where Xaa in the P1′ position represents unusual amino acids containing either long arylalkyl or alkyl side chains. Our data demonstrate that both MT1-MMP and ST3 cleave substrates containing in their P1′ position unusual amino acids with extremely long side chains more efficiently than the corresponding substrates with natural phenylalanine or leucine amino acids. In this series of substrates, the replacement of leucine by S-para-methoxybenzyl cysteine increased the k cat/K m ratio by a factor of 37 for MT1-MMP and 9 for ST3. The substrate with aS-para-methoxybenzyl cysteine residue in the P1′ position displayed ak cat/K m value of 1.59 106 m −1 s−1 and 1.67 104 m −1 s−1, when assayed with MT1-MMP and ST3, respectively. This substrate is thus one of the most rapidly hydrolyzed substrates so far reported for matrixins, and is the first synthetic peptide efficiently cleaved by ST3. These unexpected results for these two matrixins suggest that extracellular proteins may be cleaved by matrixins at sites containing amino acids with unusual long side chains, like those generatedin vivo by some post-translational modifications.


In order to select objectively development project of Zijing River in the near future, the author has demonstrated it by using multigoal comprehensive evaluation method. The result is in keeping with the actual situation of the flow area. The major distinguishing feature of the method is to overcome limitations of traditional method(pure economic index method). The following influent factors have been considered, such as technique, economy, project geology, construction condition and local attitude, and along with multidevelopment goals, such as antiflood, generation, irrigation. The method can also be used in project schemes comparison.


The chemical vapour sensing behaviour of pristine and variously modified hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanostructures was investigated towards the polar protic analyte in the form of ammonia. Morphological characterization with TEM revealed formation of well-define shaped and crystal sized hBN flakes (2.9 ± 0. 7 µm to 3.3 ± 0.3 µm) by using a low temperature and atmospheric pressure modified polymer derived ceramics (PDCs) route. Room temperature chemical sensing studies showed that the hBN-based devices were sensitive to ammonia, at sensitivity values of 2.8 × 10−2 ppm−1 for the pristine hBN flakes, and 2.0 × 10−2 ppm−1, 2.4 × 10−2 ppm−1, 2.1 × 10−2 ppm−1 for the 2.5, 5 and 10 wt.% BaF2 modified hBN flakes, respectively. On the contrary, improvement in structure for the 5 wt.% BaF2 modified hBN flakes had detrimental influence on the detection performance of ammonia, as evidenced by the poor LoD value of 49.7 ppm, in comparison to 1.1, 2.4 and 1.7 ppm for the pristine, 2.5, and 10 wt.% BaF2 modified hBN flakes, respectively. The improved sensing performance was attributed to the presence of nitrogen vacancies generated during the modification process, as well as the presence of impurities. Indeed, the values measured were higher than those reported for other 2D nanomaterial based sensors. This study demonstrates the critical role played by structural properties on the surface chemistry in the ammonia sensing properties of hBN flakes. Generally, the study highlighted the potential application of hBN nanostructured materials for detection of ammonia vapours at room temperature.


IEEE 802.16e is the latest broadband wireless access standard
designed to support mobility. In mobile networks, how to control
energy consumption is one of the most important issues for the
battery-powered mobile stations. The standard proposes an energy
saving mechanism that named "sleep mode" for conserving the power
of the mobile stations. According to the operation mechanism of
the sleep mode for downlink traffic in the type I power saving
class, a discrete-time Geom/G/1 queueing model with close-down
time and multiple vacations is built. By employing an embedded
Markov chain method and Little's law, the average queue length,
the average sojourn time and the average busy cycle of the
queueing model are derived. Correspondingly, we get the
performance measures of the energy saving rate and the average
packet delay time for the sleep mode in the IEEE 802.16e. Finally,
numerical results are given to demonstrate the dependency
relationships between the system performance measures and the
system parameters. Furthermore, a cost model is developed to
determine the optimum length of the close-down time for minimizing
the total system cost.


The innate immune system is the first line of defense against microbial pathogens, and the production and secretion of interferons (IFNs) plays an important role of the innate response to viral infections. Recently stimulator of interferon genes (STING) has been identified as an intracellular adaptor, which activates both NF-κB and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) transcription pathways to induce IFNs. We demonstrated that the STING expression is regu-lated by stimulation of various cytokines in human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT). Especially, IFN-γ induced the STING mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. On the oth-er hand, polyinosinicpolycytidylic acid (poly I:C), which mimics viral infection, has no effect on the STING expression. STING promoter analysis showed that a gamma-activated se-quence (GAS) located at -58 to -66 bp is essential for IFN-γ-regulated promoter activity. Moreover, electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that STAT1 binds to the GAS element on the STING promoter region, indicating that IFN-γ/JAK/STAT1 signaling is critical for the expression of STING in human epidermal keratinocytes. Hirosaki Med.J. 64, Supplement:S58―S64,2013


Industrial automations which are mostly depend upon the power systems & which requires distance controlled and regulated systems. Wireless technology which meets to cost, speed and distance scenario will always be a point of an interest for research. In t his research work we mainly monitored power related parameters and enab le remote switching devices for proper power management systems using ZigBee. This paper proposes a digital system for condition monitoring, and supervisory control for electric sys tems parameters like vo ltage and current using wireless sensor networks (WS NS) based on ZigBee. Its main feature is its use of the ZigBee protocol as the communication medium between the transmitter and receiver modules. Wireless technology, which has boomed in the IT sector over the past years, can be suitable for industrial con trol networks as well, providing solutions with high ROI for diagnostics, control and safety. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have revolutionized the design of emerging embedded systems and triggered a new set of potential applications. In addition to building automation, environmental surveillance or military operations Industries.


Technical paper issued by the Bureau of Mines over tests conducted at the powdered-coal plant in Rivermines, Missouri. The results of boiler tests, dryer tests, and mill tests are discussed. This report includes tables, and illustrations.


Fifty-four pieces out of 356 marble pieces deriving from the decorative and architectonic apparatus of the medieval monastic complex of S. Francesco of Castelletto (Genoa, Italy) preserve traces of varicolored paint layers. Microscopic samples of green, blue, red, pink, white, and yellow paint relics were collected by scalpel and analyzed by means of Scanning Electron Microscope coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), µ-Raman, and Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy with Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR-ATR), to characterize pigments and binders. The combined results from the different techniques allowed verification that stone decoration in Genoa during the Middle Ages encompassed a calcite groundwork and the use of a mixture of oils and proteins (probably egg) to apply pigments. The assemblage of impurities within the pigment has been correlated with the provenance sites along the commercial continental (Hungary and France) and maritime (Sardinia, Cyprus, or Veneto) routes between the 13th and 15th centuries. Moreover, the investigation of the painted layer improved the characterization of the decorative techniques in use in Genoa during the Middle Ages.


PURPOSE: A manufacturing method of an FFS-LCD(Fringe Field Switching mode Liquid Crystal Display) is provided to prevent color shift in intermediate gray scale without performing several times of rubbing process by arranging LC molecules in two symmetric directions. CONSTITUTION: Counter electrodes are formed in plate type in each unit pixel on a lower substrate. The counter electrode is formed by ITO(Indium Tin Oxide). Pixel electrodes are overlapped on the counter electrodes. The pixel electrode includes plural first branches parallel with an X axis and plural second branches actually vertical to the first branches to generate an X-axial fringe field and a Y-axial fringe field at the same time. The first branches are arranged in a half area(B1) of the counter electrode while the second branches are arranged at the other half area(B2). The pixel electrode is formed by transparent conductive material like the counter electrode. An insulating film is formed between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode. A lower alignment layer(300) is formed on the lower substrate. A first parallel alignment layer(30) is formed in the first area(B1) to rub the long axis of LC molecules(40-1) parallel with a rubbing direction, and a second parallel alignment layer(31) is formed in the second area(B2) to rub the long axis of LC molecules(40-2) vertical to a rubbing direction. The first and second parallel alignment layers are rubbed in a direction. Each kind of LC molecules(40-1,40-2) is arranged symmetrically at 90 degrees for the two parallel alignment layers have different characteristics.


The technification for the treatment of waste is coming from domestic, agricultural or industrial waste, it is the great challenge for the sustainability of these activities. It is necessary to prevent waste continue to be released into the environment, polluting water sources, soil, air, compromising the quality of life of rural and urban populations, and the survival of fauna and flora. The anaerobic digestion of animal waste through the digester results in the production of biogas composed
primarily of methane (CH4 - 60 to 70%) and carbon dioxide (CO2 - 30%). This work aims to conduct the study of recommended standards (NBR), established by the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT) and regulatory standards (NR), established by the Ministry of Labor and Employment, for the thermal use of biogas. Specifically, the objective was to conduct a survey of the Recommended Standards (NBR) and Regulatory (NR) in comparison to the international Standards, commonly used and referenced. We conclude that it is necessary to prepare Recommended Standards (ABNT - NBR) and or Regulatory standards (NR), which can be adapted
to the country's reality, and contribute effectively in the implementation of a biogas generator system and its transformation into biomethane and electricity. Moreover, with the use of a more comprehensive international system it was possible to identify weak points and suggest the development of standards which contribute to the improvement of installation projects of biogas systems at a national level. The adequacy of the standards will be valuable in the production of biomethane and
electricity.


Background:Thermoregulatory vasoconstriction minimizes further core hypothermia during anesthesia. Elderly patients become more hypothermic during surgery than do younger patients, and take longer to rewarm postoperatively. These data indicate that perianesthetic thermoregulatory responses may be especially impaired in the elderly. Accordingly, the authors tested the hypothesis that the thermoregulatory threshold for vasoconstriction during nitrous oxide/isoflurane anesthesia is reduced more in elderly than in young patients. Methods:The authors studied 12 young patients aged 30–50 yr and 12 elderly patients aged 60–80 yr. All were undergoing major orthopedic or open abdominal surgery. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental and fentanyl, and maintained only with nitrous oxide (70%) and isoflurane (0.6–0.8%). Core temperature was measured in the distal esophagus. Fingertip vasoconstriction was evaluated using forearm minus fingertip, skin-temperature gradients. A gradient of 4° C identified significant vasoconstriction, and the core temperature triggering vasoconstriction identified the thermoregulatory threshold. Results:The vasoconstriction threshold was significantly less in the elderly patients (33.9 ± 0.6° C) than in the younger ones (35.1 ± 0.3° C) (P < 0.01). The gender distribution, weight, and height of the elderly and young patients did not differ significantly. The end-tidal isoflurane concentration at the time of vasoconstriction did not differ significantly in the two groups. Conclusions:These data indicate that thermoregulatory responses in the elderly are initiated at temperatures ≈ 1.2° C less than that in younger patients. Thus, it is likely that elderly surgical patients become more hypothermic than do younger patients, at least in part, because they fail to trigger protective thermoregulatory responses.


This paper examines whether the Brazilian social programme Bolsa Familia is contributing to greater social equality within the country. As a measure of success, we rely on the programme's impact on public-school enrolment, which we consider an input for social equity. Our findings show that policy makers should continue with the same system of allocation used in 2006, which proved to be contributing to greater social equality. We suggest policy maker's direct attention to the 2006 residual map depicting municipalities that have extremely over- and under-predicted values, which may represent misallocation of public funds, and therefore may require some scrutiny. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


To the Editor:

In a recent article, Brockhoff et al1 provide an elegant example of a patient affected by a heart-hand syndrome. Their findings also highlight the importance of modern cardiovascular genetics in clinical diagnosis. Although the patient presented certainly has both a cardiac septation defect and an upper limb deformity, recent DNA-based studies have demonstrated that the hand abnormalities shown would actually make a diagnosis of Holt-Oram syndrome unlikely.

Heart-hand syndromes are a broad category of disease, of which Holt-Oram syndrome is the most common form. Other heart-hand syndromes (reviewed in Reference 2) include Tabatznik's …


Preface.- Our Weird Moon.- Odd and Interesting Happenings Near the Sun.- Planetary Weirdness.- Weird Meteors.- Strange and Star-like Objects.- Moving Mysteries and Wandering Stars.- Facts, Fallacies, Unusual Observations and Other Miscellaneous Gleanings.- Appendix 1: The Danjon Scale of Lunar Eclipse Brightness.- Appendix 2: Lunar Eclipses 2011 - 2050.- Appendix III: Solar Eclipses 2011 - 2030.- Appendix IV: Transits of Mercury 2016 - 2100.- Index


[Extract] The past year has been a momentous time for the world's forests, with both good and bad news. Fasten your seat belts, because 2016 promises to be another roller-coaster ride. Here I hightlight five factors that could have a big impact on forests this year. For further discussion, see this insightful analysis by environmental journalist Rhett Butler.


MAZDA Motor Corporation has developed an advanced energy recovery system to boost the efficiency in its passenger vehicles. A key feature of this i-ELOOP™ energy recovery system is its use of electrochemical capacitors (EECAP/DLCAP™) that were developed by Nippon Chemi-Con especially for advanced automotive applications. Using this system, fuel consumption typically is reduced 10%. Energy storage technologies other than capacitors were considered for the i-ELOOP™, including lithium-ion batteries, but rejected primarily because they could not provide fast, efficient, and safe charging. This paper describes the storage system architecture then discusses the special capacitors used in this advanced storage system to implement into a conventional passenger vehicle without major design change and the cost impact.


With the deepening of China's reform and openness, going abroad for self-funded studies has become the first choice of many young people. Incomplete statistics show that up to the present, 270,000 Chinese flocked abroad to study, 139 thousand of them for self-funded studies. Spread out all over countries in Europe and the Americas, as well as Japan and Australia, they have become an important force in these places in the humanities, education, and economics. According to foreign reports, the number of Chinese going to the United States to study for postgraduate degrees increased by 30 percent in 1996 over the previous year. The "going-abroad fever" is growing wave by wave and should by rights be drawing concern from all quarters in society.


The article deals with the diagnostics possibility of dermatitis and morphological changes of human skin using terahertz frequency range equal to 2,0¸0,05 THz. Features of different types of human skin diseases occur in vivo over the entire frequency range, especially in the field of vibration: 2,0¸ 1,5 THz. They were caused by the backscattering on skin new formations in its upper layers. In terahertz reflection spectra spectral lines of different dermatitis, age spots, haematoma are well distinguishable. Terahertz radiation penetrates well through the medical bandages. At the same time in a single scan, lasting about one minute, the spectrum is processed not only of the bandages, but of different skin layers.


Eco-economic city is a social-economic-ecological environment coordinative development city based on the principle of ecology.It is a comprehensive and all-directional development mode of city.This paper analyzed the concept and content of eco-economic city,and then build the eco-economic city evaluation selection principles based on analysis on the indicator system of domestic and foreign eco-economic city evaluation.This paper used expert consultation to combine qualitative and quantitative information and constructed the evaluation indicator system in Jilin Province.Combined with weighted summation and weighted quadrature evaluation model,the eco-economic city development degree of 2000—2004 in Jilin Province was calculated.And the eco-economic city development speed and development potential were analysis and sequencing in this time.The indicator system in this paper has great significance for a correct understanding on construction achievement and development law of Jilin Province,but also has meaning for promoting the city economic and environment sustainable development.


The issue of preserving young learners' health under the conditions of constantly increasing educational pressure has concerned the pedagogical society for decades. The article focuses on physical activities integrated into language lessons and offers definitions of the terms "a physical activity break", "a PE break", "a dynamic break". A physical activity break is a short break from studies for a set of special exercises aimed to prevent fatigue and other unfavourable consequences of learning activities. The term "a dynamic break" or "a PE break" is commonly referred to as the time allocated for physical activity during the lesson (Vajner, Kastyunin 2012). In our opinion, since a dynamic break or a PE break is a special time for physical activity breaks, and the two concepts are closely linked with each other, a sustainable word combination "physical activity and dynamic breaks" was formed in national methodological research. In our research, particular attention is devoted to the classification of physical activity and dynamic breaks. A thorough examination of scientific and methodological literature has shown that there is no unique generally accepted classification of physical activity and dynamic breaks for young learners. Moreover, there is no such classification for children who are learning English as a foreign language. It is for this reason that we introduce an original classification of physical activity and dynamic breaks for English lessons at primary school. It is based on the development of young learners' language skills, i. e. pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar skills. This classification includes articulation and breathing exercises, Total Physical Response (TPR), physical exercises for different parts of the body and special exercises for fingers fatigue prevention. We recommend introducing songs, chants and poems, videos, sketches, educational games, and mini-games in the course of physical activity and dynamic breaks. Physical exercise promotes physical and emotional discharge as well as helps young learners to transit from one activity to another, it has a favourable effect on pupils, and makes a positive impact on the acquisition of learning material. The younger the children, the greater their need for physical activity, and the higher the importance of physical activity and dynamic breaks during the lesson. The article offers examples and recommendations for physical activity and dynamic breaks on the topic "Animals" for young learners (2nd form, the first year of English instruction).


CONTEXT
Graves' hyperthyroidism and multinodular toxic goiter lead to high serum T(3) compared with serum T(4). The source of this high T(3) has not been clarified.

OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to assess the role of iodothyronine deiodinase type 1 (D1) and type 2 (D2) for T(3) production and to estimate the sources of T(3) in hyperthyroidism.

DESIGN AND SETTING
The study was a prospective, randomized, open-labeled study in a secondary care setting.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Consecutive patients with hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease or by multinodular toxic goiter were randomized to be treated with high-dose propylthiouracil (PTU) to block D1, PTU plus KI, or PTU plus sodium ipodate to additionally block D2. T(3) and T(4) were measured in serum, and we estimated the sources of T(3).

RESULTS
PTU reduced the T(3)/T(4) in serum to 47.7 +/- 2.5% (mean +/- sem) of the initial value on d 4 of therapy in patients with Graves' disease. The addition of KI to PTU led to a greater fall in T(3) and T(4), but the balance was unaltered. After PTU plus ipodate, T(3)/T(4) on d 4 was lower, 34.1 +/- 1.2% of the initial value. Similar variations were observed in patients with multinodular toxic goiter. Thus, the major source of the excess T(3) was D1-catalyzed T(4) deiodination, with a minor role for D2. It was estimated that the majority of this D1-catalyzed T(3) production takes place in the hyperactive thyroid gland.

CONCLUSION
Although thyroidal T(3) contributes only around 20% of total T(3) production in normal individuals, this is much higher in patients with a hyperactive thyroid, ranging up to two thirds. The major part is produced from T(4) deiodinated in the thyroid.


The theoretical investigation of semiconductor superlattice thermal conductivity caused by three-phonon interactions has been carried out. It is shown, that thermal conductivity dependence on temperature is determined by the mini-Umklapp-processes. The expressions for the relaxation time due to these processes have been obtained.


The present study was conducted to analyse the impact of microfinance initiatives on the demographic profile of the respondents and also to study the overall impact of microfinance on decline in poverty. The current study was based on a small sample size of 100 respondents which were selected randomly only from one district of Himachal Pradesh. Hence the results of the study cannot be generalised to other districts of Himachal Pradesh. The present study showed that variables like saving, income, financial situation, employment opportunities and standard of living has increased and the overall impact of microfinance on poverty is positive.


.Results: Results: The quality of life was: The quality of life was: • •Positively correlated with happiness except for the knowledge fo Positively correlated with happiness except for the knowledge for the clinical condition and activities of daily living dimensio r the clinical condition and activities of daily living dimensions; ns; • •Correlated positively with the hope pathways dimension in the do Correlated positively with the hope pathways dimension in the domains perception of satisfaction with life , lifestyle, overall mains perception of satisfaction with life , lifestyle, overall score score and with the global hope dimension in social domain; and with the global hope dimension in social domain; • •Correlated positively with the positive affect in the symptoms d Correlated positively with the positive affect in the symptoms dimension and overall score; imension and overall score; • •Negatively correlated with negative affection with the exception Negatively correlated with negative affection with the exception of the knowledge for the clinical condition dimension of the knowledge for the clinical condition dimension


It is proposed that a new model based on table structure that extracts information from tables of Web documents.It is composed of table positioning module and table information extraction module.The theme table by the contents characteristics of the Web tables is identified.The area segmentation cleans up tables and segments them into attribute and value areas by checking visual and semantic coherency.The experimental results show that this model is well performed in information extraction from tables of Web documents.


As a method of keeping the quality of packed foods from changing, replacement of t he head space gas in a package by an inert gas is widely utilized for dry foods. This method of packaging is very effective in case some oxidation-prone ingredients a re contained in t he foods, especially when the head space is large, or the bulk density is small. Inert gas packaging is remarkably effective in case of tea for keeping the aroma, taste and color of liquor, and for preventing oxidation of ascorbic acid, because tea contains catechins, factors to produce aroma and astringent taste, and ascorbic acid, a hygienic factor, all of which are oxidation-prone ingredients greatly influencing its quality, and in addition, the head space is large. Therefore, inert gas packaging is now widely used for tea packaging, chiefly for green tea of hi gh quality.


The utility model relates to the wind power generation technology and discloses a self-regulating-speed synchronous power generation system. The self-regulating-speed synchronous power generation system is characterized in that the system comprises a shell and an exciter which is coaxially connected with a left side of the shell; an electromagnetic torque coupler and a synchronous generator which is sleeved on an outer side of the electromagnetic torque coupler; the electromagnetic torque coupler comprises an internal rotor shaft and an external rotor shaft; the internal rotor shaft is connected with an internal rotor and an external rotor is connected to an inner side of the external rotor shaft; the synchronous generator comprises a generator rotor and a generator stator; the generator rotor is fixed on an outer side of the external rotor shaft and the generator stator is fixed in the shell. The rotor of the synchronous generator and the external rotor of the frequency-conversion speed-regulation electromagnetic torque coupler form into one body. A rotor rotating speed of the synchronous generator is a synchronous rotating speed. A field current is changed through adjusting exciter input of the synchronous generator so that a voltage and a frequency output by the generator can be guaranteed to be constant.


We examined the effect of cutaneous warming on the transcutaneous oxygen measurement (TcPO2) at standard locations below the knee, on the dorsal foot, on the plantar right great toe, and on the plantar surface under the second metatarsal head of 656 diabetic and 16 nondiabetic subjects. All subjects underwent a directed medical history, physical examination, and neurovascular lower extremity evaluation and assessment of autonomic neuropathy. Associations between autonomic neuropathy and TcPO2 were tested using two-way analysis of variance and multiple linear regression. An unexpected, statistically significant fall in TcPO2 occurred with cutaneous warming from 37°C to 44°C on the plantar great toe surface that did not differ by presence of autonomic neuropathy, or the presence of diabetes (mean change: −8.82 mmHg, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −7.70 to −9.93). The TcPO2 measured at the plantar metatarsal head site also fell with cutaneous warming from 37°C to 44°C (mean change: −9.67 mmHg, 95% CI: −7.75 to −11.59). As expected, the TcPO2 increased with cutaneous warming from 37°C to 44°C on the dorsal foot site (mean rise:= 35.61 mmHg, 95% CI: 34.18 to 37.04). The mean TcPO2 at any site did not differ by presence of autonomic neuropathy at either 37°C or 44°C. We conclude that cutaneous warming leads to a paradoxical fall in TcPO2 on the plantar foot surface that does not depend on the presence of autonomic neuropathy or diabetes. Caution in interpretation of ambient versus warmed plantar TcPO2 values is recommended.


The present invention relates to a CV cast iron for an orbiting or a fixed scroll, and a method for manufacturing an orbiting or a fixed scroll. According to an aspect of the present invention, the CV cast comprises 3.4-3.9 wt% of C, 1.7-2.6 wt% of Si, 0.2-0.8 wt% of Mn, 0.02~0.07 wt% of P, 0.01-0.03 wt% of S, 0.02-0.1 wt% of Ti, and the remainder consist of Fe and inevitable impurities. A CV rate of the CV cast iron is 50% or more.


The article presents a dense reflection on the sense of community as a means of facing the COVID – 19 pandemic in Mexico. The proposal is conducted by analyzing three collective construction processes in different populations: the creation of resilience in vulnerable groups; coexistence in family and educational well-being; and collective solidarity actions in the indigenous population. Said processes are summarized by means of a theoretical and anthropological approach based on the authors empiric experience. This effort responds to the imperative need to promote a social index science that allows underscoring practices having an impact on strengthening the sense of community and stress the relevance of appeasing a relational bond to face new social realities and diverse challenges that COVID-19 is originating.


Abstract Repeated application of vehicle loads on the asphalt pavement creates permanent deformations and surface cracks. Simulation of this pavement distress has posed severe challenges due to the granular nature of the pavement materials. In this paper, the granular micromechanics approach is used in a thermo-mechanical framework to obtain the constitutive relationships for the non-linear rate-dependent granular materials with damage and plasticity. The developed constitutive relationships were validated and verified with experimental data and implemented into a non-standard finite-element (FE) framework to simulate asphalt pavement performance under the repeated traffic load. The FE model was subjected to different repeated load levels to demonstrate response nonlinearity. The applied load was subsequently removed and pavement was allowed to recover to a stress free condition to obtain the permanent deformation. The simulations results demonstrated that 30% increase in the applied load causes approximately 127% increase in the rutting depth at the centre of the applied load. Critically horizontal tensile plastic strains were observed near tire edge, indicating top-down cracking of pavement under the applied load. The presented approach provides an alternative for simulating asphalt pavement rutting by incorporating the effects of micro-scale mechanisms on the macro-scale rutting response in an FE framework. The advantage of the granular micromechanical approach is that, the damage, plastic potential and flow rule are defined using simple 1d functions at micro-scale, in contrast to tensorial formulation of complex plastic potentials, damage functions and rules for their evolution in conventional approaches.


The objective of this article is to take into consideration the works of Primo Levi in the light of the cultural psychology of Jerome Bruner and of the most recent studies that he has conducted regarding narration, autobiography and Self-building. Reading the works of Levi which Bruner himself cites in his most recent productions, it is possible to recognise those which according to Bruner himself represent the functions of autobiography. Reading the works of Levi in the light of the epistemology of cultural psychology of Bruner we continuously get a number of hints for reflection on the hermeneutical tasks of singling out and at the same time of the socialisation of autobiographical narration.


Sir Thomas Fairbank said that Sir Henry Gauvain was appointed to the Lord Mayor Treloar Hospital, Hants, in 1908; he was, from the first, an ardent advocate of conservative versus operative treatment for non-pulmonary tuberculosis, and the aspiration of tubercular abscesses instead of incision. Gauvain insisted on the paramount importance of general treatment, in addition to local, and did pioneer work in the use of heliotherapy, open air, sea-bathing and light treatment. He insisted on "lessons" and occupational therapy to fill the patients' time.


parsing system is a key element of many computer applications such as Information Retrieval, Knowledge Extraction and automatic translation. This paper presents a robust large-scale parser system for parsing Arabic sentences. From a practical point of view, the system is able to analyze real-world sentences thanks to a wide coverage of its linguistic knowledge that is realized within the DIINAR-MBC European project 1 . The parser is designed for robustness against difficult input that cannot be parsed correctly according to the standard grammar rules in the system, whether it is an extra-grammatical, ill-formed or unexpected input. Most systems use algorithmic approaches to robustness where parsing programs are extended to include heuristics to handle defect cases. This study adopts another solution based on a robust grammar-based approach for parsing. It consists of introducing robust rules in the grammar itself and relaxing constraints if necessary. The parser has been evaluated against real-world sentences and the results were very encouraging. The parser provides 95% coverage.


Hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) is a key material for future solar energy conversion system. The growth mode of a-Si:H plasma CVD film was observed by AFM to range from homogeneous deposition to heterogeneous island formation depending on the substrate material and deposition temperature. The correlation between the grain-like structure and electric property of the film deposited on transparent conductive SnO{sub 2} substrates has been elucidated by using an AFM with a conductive cantilever. The local distribution of photo-current in the a-Si:H films was found to agree well with the topographic image; the photo-current around the grain boundaries was lower than that on the grains. The effect of surface treatment with an aqueous HF solution indicates that the inhomogeneity in the photo-current originates from the preferential oxidation around the grain boundaries rather than intrinsic electric property.


This exploratory paper intends to drive preliminary insights on the different mental models accountants and blockchain developers have on the implementation of blockchain for accounting. Based on the question of whether blockchain applications for accounting could be revolutionary, this paper employs a ground theory methodology based on semi-structured interviews and concept analysis to highlight the different approaches to transparency and trust between the selected groups, the challenges of blockchain and the potential effects of this technology in accounting. Although deeper studies are needed, the conclusions highlight the socio-technical nature of accounting; the relevance and changes of the concepts of trust and transparency when marrying both disciplines; and the real relevance of this technology for the processes of auditing and accounting.


Let G a graph, and let ( ) g x and ( ) f x be two nonnegative integer-valuedfunctions defined on ( ) V G with ( ) ( ) g x f x ≤ for every ( ) x V G ∈ . We say that G has all fractional ( , ) g f -factors if G has a fractional r -factor for any : ( ) r V G N + → with ( ) ( ) ( ) g x r x f x ≤ ≤ for every ( ) x V G ∈ . If ( ) g x a = and ( ) f x b = for each ( ) x V G ∈ , then all fractional ( , ) g f -factors are called all fractional [ , ] a b -factors. In this paper, we verify that G I − admits all fractional [ , ] a b -factors for any independent set I of G if 2 4 ( ( ) 1) ( ) ( 1) 4 a G b G b a δ α − + ≤ + + . Furthermore, it is shown that the result is sharp.


Adscititious strong acid can cause protien solution to be condesated because the acid destroys the hydrogen bond which maintains the advanced structure of protein,which loosens the protein's strucure,decreases its ability to hydrate and increases its viscosity.There are many macromolecular and high-charge polymeric form in the solution of metaphosphoric acid,which can efficiently not only neutralize the chares but also destroy the hydrated film on the surface of protein colloidal particle,thus bring out the condensation and deposit of protein colloidal particles.


This paper studies the vibration fatigue failure of /spl mu/BGA solder-joints reflowed with different temperature profiles, and aging at 120 /spl deg/C for 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36 days. The effect of the Ni/sub 3/Sn/sub 4/ and Cu-Sn intermetallic compound (IMC) on the fatigue lifetime is also reported. During the vibration fatigue test, in order to identify the failure of /spl mu/BGA solder joint, electrical interruption was monitored continuously through the daisy-chain network. Our results show that the fatigue lifetime of the solder joint firstly increases and then decreases with increasing heating factor (Q/sub /spl eta//), which is defined as the integral of the measured temperature over the dwell time above liquidus (183/spl deg/C) in the reflow profile. The greatest lifetime occurs when Q/sub /spl eta// is near 500s/spl deg/C. Moreover, the lifetime of the solder joint decreases almost linearly with the increasing fourth root of the aging time. The SEM/EDX inspection shows that Ni/sub 3/Sn/sub 4/ IMC and Cu/sub 6/Sn/sub 5//Cu/sub 3/Sn IMCs are formed at the interface of the solder/nickel-plated PCB pad, and the no-aging solder/component-metallization, respectively. And during long term aging, Ni/sub 3/Sn/sub 2/ and NiSn were found at the Ni/Solder interface with X-ray diffraction, except Ni/sub 3/Sn/sub 4/. For nonaged solder joint, the fatigue crack generally initiates at the interface between the Ni/sub 3/Sn/sub 4/ IMC and the bulk solder. Then it propagates mostly near the Ni/solder, and occasionally in the LMC layer or along the Ni/solder interface. After aging, the fatigue track mostly initiates and propagates in the Cu/sub 6/Sn/sub 5/ -phase/bulk-solder interface or the Cu/sub 3/Sn/Cu/sub 6/Sn/sub 5/ interface on component-metallization. Evidently, the intermetallic compounds contribute mainly to the fatigue failure of /spl mu/BGA solder joints. The thicker the IMC layer, the shorter the fatigue lifetime of solder joint. The initial formation of the IMCs at the interface during soldering ensures a good metallurgical bond between the solder and the substrate. However, a thick IMC layer influences the toughness and strength of the solder joint, which results in mechanical failure.


Soil cover in the city of Voronezh accumulates a lot of pollutants and indicates the centers of technological pollution. The high rates of housing construction, functioning and development of urban infrastructure cause infringement to the soil cover. The paper contains main results of an ecological and geochemical research of the soil cover in Voronezh, its characteristics, properties of the horizons of the different types of soils. During spring and summer of 2014 75 samples of soil were collected in special points of monitoring (according to GOST 17.4.3.01-83 and GOST 17.4.4.02-84). During the research the following methods were applied volt-ampermetric method was used for detecting the concentration of heavy metals, the method of cholophorm-hexan extraction for petrochemicals, the method of I.V. Tyurin for humus concentration, potentiometric method and biotesting methods (analysis of seedlings of the following indicating plants Lepidium sativum, Avena sativa, as well as defining the phytotoxic effect) for actual acidity detection. The obtained results are used for creating an overview soil map of Voronezh. Urbanozems are dominating in the soil cover of Voronezh. There era large areas of them in the majority of the city districts. A smaller part of a total urban area is presented by soils, which are slightly touched by human economic activity. Urban soils of industrial and transport city zones have disadvantageous properties low rate of humus and alkali reaction of soil environment, high rate of pollution by petrochemicals and heavy metals. The least rate of pollution of a soil cover by heavy metals is detected in residential areas, situated far from industrial objects and highways. We have detected dependence between accumulation of polluting substances in soil cover and functional and planning peculiarities of the city. For example, accumulation of zinc takes place in soils with alkali reaction of soil and low concentration of humus. The lowest rates are indicated in low-acid soils in recreational zones.


Given a de Rham Qp-local system on a connected smooth rigid analytic variety X , we use p-adic Hodge theory to define canonical p-adic period morphisms out of a suitable covering space of X . This construction is exactly analogous with the period morphisms of classical Hodge theory, and it gives a general conceptual framework for Scholze's Hodge-Tate period map. In particular, we construct the Hodge-Tate period map for any Shimura variety. Our main tools are relative p-adic Hodge theory and its formalization via the pro-étale site, together with the theory of diamonds.


To standarize the highway engineering construction organization management should begin with the standarization realization of all-round management. The engineering construction standarization management is strengthened to seek the science and actual effect of the construction organization design. At the same time,efforts should be made not only to take account of thrift and utility,but also to pay equal attention to environment protection and esthetics,so as to perfect the standarization of the engineering management,create excellent engineering and establish civilized sample engineering.


A study was made of the recovery of Cr51‐labeled platelets transfused to normal recipients using various anticoagulant solutions. With ethylenediamine‐tetra‐acetate (EDTA) recoveries averaged 27 per cent (range 15% to 35%). With ACD (N.I.H. formula A) recoveries averaged 37 per cent (range 34% to 41%). With a citrate solution containing additional acid so as to reduce the pH of platelet‐rich plasma to 6.5 before concentration of cells, recoveries averaged 62 per cent (range 37% to 81%). Platelet clumping, usually a problem when platelets are concentrated in citrate, was prevented at pH 6.5. It is suggested that a citrate solution containing sufficient acid to buffer platelet‐rich plasma at pH 6.5 will increase the effectiveness of platelet concentrates.


All electrochemical energy storage systems can cause unsafe operating conditions when an uncontrolled current flow over an electrolyte path to ground occurs. The influences of different variables, intervening in such an event, have been explored with lead acid batteries of the VRLA/AGM type. The tests show that the ground short current ranges from 0.1 to ~50 mA and that direct line of sight through the breached cell wall is needed to initiate energetic event causing arcing and charring of the plastic. Lower voltages can cause higher current flows as arcing at high voltages (+200 VDC) may reduce or fully boil off the conducting path. Although no catastrophic events such explosions or a full fledged fire where noted no safe ground short conditions exist


Meaning the importance of resorting to the obtaining of penetration / time curves or rheograms, for the qualification of semiconsistent substances, it is passed to the verification of its practical utility, by means of the study of substances of different combinations of them. For this, obtained the rheograms, we proceed to obtain two penetration values (5 and 120 seconds), which are considered sufficient to delimit a quivalent line to the obtained rheogram, since the experimental values do not reach in any case on the value of the line, errors greater than + -5% established as a maximum in previous works. The parameters of said lines are used to determine tested, since substances of the same order in the origin differ markedly in the value of the angular coefficient and vice versa.


We report the first absolute wave number measurements made using a sophisticated version of the sigmameter. This apparatus is composed of four double Michelson type interferometers with fixed path differences. All path differences are calibrated using four reference lines given by single‐mode lasers stabilized on iodine lines whose absolute wave numbers are known to better than one part in 109. This permits us to make absolute wave number measurements of radiation from a cw laser to a precision of the order of one part in 108 (≊5 MHz) and from a pulsed laser to a precision limited only by its spectral width. As examples, using a cw tunable dye laser, several new measurements of 20Ne lines have been achieved with the expected precision (10−8). Measurement of a pulsed laser frequency has also been done with an accuracy of the order of one part in 106.


Hundreds of thousands of gay men fell died of AIDS-related causes in the last decades. Especially before effective medication became available in the mid-1990s the suffering and death rates were tremendous and society hostile, tearing up the gay community as it existed pre-AIDS. Focus of this article are now the gay men who survived this time while countless others around them died. Based on interviews and ethnographic research conducted in 2013 and 2014 it uses the concept of syndemics to show how the AIDS experience is still influential in the lives of these gay men until today and argues that recently the construction of a new cultural trauma can be observed, which functions as a way to process their unique experience.


Joshua Iyadurai, director of the Marina Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies in Chennai, India, advocates experiential as opposed to thought-based conversions. The book's thesis is as follows: "Evangelicals claim that the born-again experience is a rational exercise sans emotion. Contrarily, a person becomes a Christian through religious experience—the divine–human encounter that comes with rich emotion" (p. 164). The work contains conversion testimonies organized under the rubrics of "visions," "dreams," "voices of God," "miracles," "prayers," and "mild experiences." There is little analysis before chapter 7, which deals with "The Mystical Turning Point." Here Iyadurai adds to William James' four characteristics of mystical experience (ineffable, noetic, transient, and passive) three additional items. The revelatory aspect includes the visions and dreams of Jesus that are the major focus of Iyadurai's narratives. The conversation aspect involves Jesus addressing each subject by his/her name, and intimacy consists of subjects experiencing "the perfect love of God" and striving to maintain that sense of His affection. Iyadurai dismisses the conclusions of T.M. Luhrmann's When God Talks Back that those who "hear God's voice" have trained themselves to believe that they are encountering God. He is confident that all of his subjects experienced true visitations from God and believes that their narratives must be taken at face value. Such confidence is rendered suspect, however, by testimonies that include dreams of Jesus appearing as a woman (p. 175), his conclusion that one of conversion's psychological effects is precognition (p. 183), that the behavioral effects of true conversion include "liberation from smoking, consuming liquor, reading bad books, going to movies, and watching television" (p. 191), and that the physical effects of conversion usually include physical healing (p. 191). The monograph offers useful insights into hostilities converts face from family and friends, difficulties presented by arranged marriages when the bride is a Christian and 703377 MIS0010.1177/0091829617703377Missiology: An International ReviewBook Reviews book-review2017


The paper describes importance of the task of knowledge indexing for knowledge search in the knowledge management systems. It presents a decision of this task with use of knowledge map in the framework of the developed scientific approach to knowledge logistics "Knowledge Source Network" ("KSNet"). The formal model of knowledge map and requirements to its building are presented.


In wireless networks, devices can be equipped with multiple interfaces to utilize multiple channels and increase the aggregated network throughput. Various channel assignment protocols have been developed to better utilize multiple channels and interfaces. However, the research of channel assignment protocols is still lack of a good simulation tool that can content with a variety of requirements and specifications of channel assignment protocols and conduct data collection and performance analysis. In this paper, we propose MIMC-SIM, a generic simulation framework for multi-interface and multichannel networks, built in INET/OMNET++. In MIMC-SIM, we put a new layer between the network layer and the MAC layer to provide a generic code structure and flexible extension for implementing channel assignment protocols. We also examine one of the channel assignment protocols within our simulation framework to study its performance.


Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a coherent optical process that provides a narrow transparent peak within a broad absorption line in an atomic medium. All-dielectric metasurface analogues of EIT have enabled new developments in the nanophotonics field for obtaining smaller, more effective slow-light devices and highly sensitive detectors without a quantum approach. However, the dynamic control of the EIT response of all-dielectric metasurfaces has been rarely reported hitherto for the near-infrared (N-IR) region, although a broader range of applications will be enabled by a reconfigurable EIT system. In this study, we realise a chalcogenide (germanium antimony telluride, GST) metasurface, which possesses a dynamically tunable EIT response by optically driving the amorphous-crystalline phase change in the GST medium. Only a few tens of nanometres thick, the nanostructured GST film exhibits Mie resonances that are spectrally modified via laserinduced phase transitions, offering a high relative modulation contrast of 80% in the N-IR region. Moreover, an extreme dispersion that results in the 'slow light' behaviour is observed within this transparency 'window'. Furthermore, the group delay of the N-IR beam switches reversibly under the phase transition. The measurement is consistent with both numerical simulation results and phenomenological modelling. Our work facilitates the development of new types of compact ultrafast N-IR holograms, filtering, and ultrasensitive detectors. Introduction Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a quantum interference phenomenon that exists in coherently driven threelevel atomic systems 1, 2 and results in the narrow-band cancellation of absorption in the material. A fascinating property of an EIT medium is its ability to significantly reduce the group velocity of light propagating through a material , thereby enabling EIT-based optical memories and buffering . By mimicking the resonant quantum transitions in an atomic medium, an EIT-like response can be realised in various solidstate systems, including electric circuits, coupled optical resonators 8, , and plasmonic metamaterials.Compared with EIT in atomic systems, such analogues can avoid complicated experimental setups required for laser stability and lowtemperature environment . Recently, an EIT analogue using Mie-resonant all-dielectric Correspondence: Tun Cao (firstname.lastname@example.com) 1 School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China. 2 Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China. Full list of author information is available at the end of the article These authors contributed equally: Kuan Liu, Tun Cao metasurfaces for engineering light fields with high efficiency has been reported. Such all-dielectric metasurfaces composed of arrays of nanostructured high-refractive-index media simultaneously produce intense electric and magnetic resonances 16, . In particular, all-dielectric EIT metasurfaces based on a high-index medium such as silicon stripes , oligomer antennae , and asymmetric cut-wire meta-atoms 20, 21 have been demonstrated recently in the near-infrared (N-IR) region. It is highly desirable to dynamically manipulate the optical characteristics of meta-devices via external control parameters . All-dielectric metasurfaces that derive their functionality from the intense localised electric and magnetic Mie resonances of a high-index resonator is particularly suitable for achieving this active tunability , owing to their optical resonances, which can be engineered on-demand via metasurface design . Although researchers have recently investigated different designs of actively tunable all-dielectric metasurfaces, such as the hybridisation of a Si metasurface with a liquid crystal matrix 26, , paired photon absorptance on Si metasurfaces 28, , and control of the refractive index via photoexcitation , the dynamically reversible tuning of all-dielectric metasurfaces remains an underexplored field. Hence, © The Author(s) 2021 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction. in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. ACCEPTED ARTICLE PREVIEW


The purpose of this study was to introduce the installation method of CLP(containment liner plate) in APR 1400. CLP performed important function as the fourth shielding to prevent radioactive contamination from leaking to the outside. so, it is very important to secure construction quality as well as increasing productivity. we are accumulating and keeping all data and solutions to complete better CLP construction. The experience and data learned through Shin-Hanul unit 1 Project will be used as important data for future projects.


By virtue of the thermo-entangled states representation of the density operator and using the dissipative interaction picture, we solve the master equation of a driven damped harmonic oscillator in a squeezed bath. We show that the essential part of the dynamics can be expressed by the convolution of the initial Wigner function with a special kind of normalized Gaussian in the phase space and relate the dynamics with the change of Gaussian ordering of the density operator.


I n this paper we introduce the concept of closed sets and investigate some of its properties in topological spaces. We also define continuity and some of its fundamental properties are given.