In the framework of nonlinear nuclear hydrodynamics with realistic effective Skyrme contact δ-interactions, a Schrodinger equation with a fifth order nonlinearity is deduced. By using quasi soliton-like solutions, which describe well the general properties of nuclei, we studied the behavior of alpha and cluster decays in the reaction channel. Previously, we studied the formation of clusters as solitons on nuclear surface with the help of the third order (cubic) Schrodinger equation.


Deep changes in the information society are determined by the growth of the role of knowledge and information as resources, which are characterized by the ability to quickly lose their relevance, inexhaustibility, and in the case of exceptional uniqueness – high cost. The actualization of this trend is due to the emergence of the knowledge economy. The issues of formation, evaluation and management of value of an enterprise are of considerable interest among Ukrainian and foreign researchers. However, a number of aspects need clarification, in particular, the problems of transforming the structure of the market value of a company and new approaches to managing the value of enterprises. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the process of transformation of theoretical approaches and methodological tools for estimating the value of an enterprise under the influence of dynamic changes in the economic environment, taking into account Ukrainian conditions and the development of methodological recommendations for assessing the value of an enterprise. The research is based on the general scientific methods of cognizing economic phenomena and processes, as well as special research methods (economic-mathematical, statistical analysis, expert estimation and forecasting methods). The article examines approaches to the valuation of a company, which are based on two groups of principles – based on factors of production that generate income, and based on market behavior in the context of knowledge economy. Under the influence of the changing external environment, innovative transformations within the enterprise, a significant increase in business activity is necessary. The solution to this problem is impossible without upgrading the methods and mechanisms of this development, changing its priorities, market institutions, relations between subjects of economic activity, the base of resources. Conclusions. The transformation of the value of the enterprise is one of the key factors for improving the efficiency of economic activity, it depends on its stable operation, dynamic development, the position of the enterprise in the market, and other. Under such conditions, in the process of management of value of an enterprise, it is effective to apply a systematic approach, which is subordinated to the general goal of enterprise development and determines the expediency of management decisions depending on the situation that occurs under the influence of the internal and external environment of the enterprise.


A method for manufacturing a device in which an optoelectronic component (2) having a contact conductor (20, 21, 22) is arranged on a connection support (3) having a connecting surface, comprising the steps of: a) providing the connection carrier (3), b) positioning of the optoelectronic component (2) on the connection carrier (3), and c) preparing a Lotfilmverbindung (50) of the connecting surface (30, 31, 32) with the contact conductors (20, 21, 22) by means of a solder multilayer structure (5), which at least in regions between the contact conductors (20, 21, 22) and the connecting surface (30, 31, 32) is arranged, wherein for the preparation of Lotfilmverbindung (50) an electrical voltage is applied to the solder multilayer structure (5) is applied.


This paper provides an analysis of experimental research results and numerical simulation of grain microstructure of turbine blade castings made of the IN-713C nickel superalloy. The numerical simulation was carried out by applying the ProCAST program. The geometric description of model assemblies and three-dimensional ceramic mould enclosure was developed. The boundary conditions as well as the thermal and physical coefficients for alloy and ceramic shell mould were selected for simulation purposes. The parameters of nucleation law based on normal (Gaussian) distribution as well as the values of equation coefficients were established in order to determine the growth rate of dendrite tips for the IN-713C alloy, depending on the undercooling. The experimental verification of boundary conditions for numerical simulation was carried out by comparison with the results of temperature distribution measurements performed in the castings. The analysis of grain microstructure was conducted on the surface and cross-sections of castings. The forecasted grain microstructure was determined using the CAFE module (ProCAST software). The cast microstructure as well as the value of grain growth and nucleation coefficients, which were used for numerical simulation of solidification process, were experimentally verified.


In science fields,since Coperniscus revolution,Darwin's revolution has been recognized as the most important one,which would fundamentally change the world outlook of Man.The major engines to drive this revolution are actually the great ideas and their tests.Before Darwin,Lamarck's ideas laid foundations to the Evolutionism.The powerful ideas from Darwin and his successors have made evolution perfect,however,it is far from success.


A model to estimate volume loss of armor stones caused by abrasion under wave conditions occurring during a structure's lifetime is proposed. It accounts only for abrasion caused by stone movements, neglecting the effects of stone breakage, wetting-drying, freezing-thawing cycles, and chemical attack and is based on the assumption of proportionality between abraded volume and abrasion work. The model represents rock resistance to abrasion and to unit size and makes use of empirical relationships providing the average frequency of movement and displacement length of armor units. Wave loading is described with a probabilistic analysis. The present model is discussed in the light of a previous one. The comparison makes possible the estimation of the influence of external agents, other than stone mobility and size, on volume loss.


Before the Reform Movement of 1898,translation in China was mainly about translation of science and technology by the Westernization Group;later it extended into the field of social sciences.Due to the self inherent concept of literature,little attention was given to literature translation at that time,only some sporadic translation was seen.During the Movement,modern literature translation—under specific field of view--misunderstood Western literature(mainly novels),regarding it as an enlightenment,or political propagandistic tool.Then Chinese society was ideologically prepared for a large-scale literature translation,and literature translation was practically accepted as a part of Chinese literature revolution.


The advantages of electron-beam based metrology over photon-optical have been well established. Those advantages include (1) the ability to truly resolve feature ulgo of 0.1 μm or less, (2) the ability to accurately measure features with aspect ragas above 1 to 1, and (3) negligible sensitivity to thickness variationsl . A further advancement of e-beam based metrology is a novel method called. Spatial Metrology, introduced at this conference last year. Spatial Metrology is not based on the e-beam image but rather on a unique secondary electron signal. The major advantage of Spatial Metrology is accurate top and bottom linewidth measurement, without the need to cross section the wafer.


The article discusses methods for calculating the main parameters of the chill mold in the design process. Formulas for calculating the thickness of the working wall, as well as recommendations for choosing the material of the chill mold, depending on the size and shape of the resulting castings, are specified. Disadvantages of existing methods for calculating the chill mold parameters are indicated. Solutions for the use of multi-layer coatings applied by physical vapor deposition on the forming surface of the chill mold are proposed, which increases the efficiency of the casting process in the chill mold, regardless of the shape of the casting and the design of the chill mold.


The ANL MATCH package consists of a set of 13 subroutines which are linked to the current 12-foot and 15-foot versions of the ANL TVGP program. Their purpose is to match the tracks from the various measured views to obtain a proper matched set of tracks to be processed by TVGP. The MATCH package can effectively handle up to 20 tracks per event measured in 2 or 3 views and, in cases of ambiguous match solutions, allow up to 10 match ambiguities. A basic assumption made is that the same number of tracks is measured in each view. MATCH can work in either two or three measured views with the assumption that, if only two views are measured, the last point measured on each track is a good representation of the true end-point of the track. This is not to say that, if this assumption is false, that MATCH cannot obtain a match solution. It is true, however, that the probability of obtaining a match solution is inversely proportional both to the number of tracks per vertex and to the momentum of the tracks. Current uses of MATCH are in obtaining match solutions for two-view K/sup -/p (6.5 GeV/c) eventsmore » measured on POLLY III and in obtaining match solutions for events with large numbers of tracks (3 to 10) produced by an anti ..nu.. p interaction in the FNAL 15-foot bubble chamber with a spectrum of momentum values ranging from 5 to 25 Gev/c. (RWR)« less


The protected Area of Serra de Montejunto, as a Protected Area (AP) with potential for nature- based sports and active tourism activities, needs a useful management tool for different types of
visitors, similar to the "Nature Sport Charts" existing in other APs in the country.
Thus, this research aimed to characterize and evaluate the places for practice of nature-based sports and active tourism activities, namely places of climbing and hiking, using the
characterization and evaluation sheets on all previously identified places.
The results of this investigation aim to affirm the potential of this AP for sports activities practice in nature and demonstrated the good conditions that exists in practice sites, detecting only the
presence of some occasional situations of inadequacy, lack or conservation of equipment.
It is concluded that the practice of nature-based sport activities has a great potential in this AP, verifying however the necessity of carrying out strategies that involve: planning, management
and maintenance of spaces in order to guarantee conservation and sustainability of the area.


Serum samples collected from (566) aborted ewes were examined serologically for the presence of toxoplasma and brucella antibodies in Ninevah by using indirect haemagglutination test (IHAT) for toxoplasmosis and by using Rose Bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT) for brucellosis. Also vaginal swabs were cultured on modified brucella agar followed by biochemical test to confirm the positive samples with RBPT From the specimens examined. (45.78%) gave positive reactions to IHAT and (18.5%), (13.5%) gave positive reactions to RBPT and culture respectively. The antibodies titers in IHAT ranging from 1/16 to 1/256 and the titer 1/32 showed highest positive cases while the titer 1/256 showed fewest positive cases. ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ىونين ةظفاحم يف ةضهجملا جاعنلا يف تاسوقملا ءادو يراسلا ضاهجلاا راشتنا ىدم


As soon as one enters the Changsha Political School of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, one is struck by the revolutionary and militant spirit of learning.


In this paper we prove that the fundamental group of a simplicial complex is isomorphic to the algebraic fundamental group of its incidence algebra, and we derive some applications. Let k be a field and A be a basic and split finite dimensional k-algebra, which means that A/r = k × k ×. .. × k where r is the radical of A. There exists a unique quiver Q and usually several admissible ideals I of the algebra kQ such that A = kQ/I (see [6]). In the 1980s, an algebraic fundamental group has been defined which depends on the presentation of A, that is to say on the choice of the ideal I (see [12]). For incidence algebras, that is algebras obtained from a simplicial complex, it has been proved that the presentation does not influence the fundamental group ([14]). Then it is a natural question to compare it with the fundamental group of the geometric realisation. Note also that in [4,8] the analogous question concerning homology is solved. Actually, we prove that the fundamental groups considered for a finite and connected simplicial complex are isomorphic. The following diagram summarizes the situation : Simplicial complex Geometric realization Topological fundamental group Poset Incidence algebra Algebraic fundamental group


The number of patients waiting for hospital treatment in England has risen to almost 2.9 million—a five year high—latest figures show.

NHS England published statistics on 15 August showing the latest data on waiting times from referral to treatment in the NHS for June 2013.1 They showed that there were around 2.88 million …


Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of primary retroperitoneal tumors and treatment. Methods A retrospective review of 2006 to 2009 by surgery and pathology of primary retroperitoneal tumors were done in 9 cases,analyzed its age, clinical manifestation, auxiliary examination and pathologic types and surgical treatment data. Results Starting symptoms and signs were almost abdominal bag piece and abdominal pain. Six patients were operated smoothly tumor resection, 2 cases took intraoperative biopsy probe line, 1 case died during perioperative period. Conclusion Msa early lacks the typical symptom, color dopplar ultrasound, CT imaging diagnosis of this disease is such as the important means. Complete resection is the key and treatment of important factors affect prognosis. For the infringement of viscera apply involving the viscera remoed, unresectable and excision again hair claims exploration biopsy and again removed surgically.


Hyperfine constants are presented for different ro-vibrational transitions in the B-X system in 129h calculated from experimental results obtained from different groups. Constants are listed for radiation of wavelength 612 nm and 633 nm. In connection with the present definition of the Metre, adopted in 1983 [1], a list of recommended radiations is given by the Comite International des Poids et Mesures (CIPM) as one of the means of the practical realization of the Metre [2]. The list, which is a part of the Mise en Pratique of the Definition of the Metre [3], was revised by the CIPM in 1992 and now contains eight recommended radiations of which six are obtained using iodine [3]. In the Mise en Pratique recommended frequency tables are listed, containing hyperfine components originating from 20 different ro-vibrational transitions in 127h and 129h Recently, a tabulation was presented [4] of calculations, made by different groups, on the hyperfine structure and hyperfine constants of different ro-vibrational transitions in the B-X system in 127h We present here five complementary tables of hyperfine constants on transitions in 129h : 14-4 R(1l3), 10-2 P(110), 8-4 P(54), 12-6 P(69) and 6-3 P(33) of the B-X system. 1 The experimental data used to calculate the presented constants are listed in [3]. Four hyperfine constants are usually needed in the theoretical expression to describe the relative energy levels of the hyperfine structure of molecular iodine with the same precision as those obtained by experiment. The Hamiltonian ofhyperfine interaction, Hhfs, can be written (1) where HeQet HSIr H TSS and Hsss represent the electric quadrupole, spin-rotation, tensorial spinspin, and scalar spin-spin interactions, respectively, and where eQq, C, d and 8 represent the corresponding constants for each of those interactions. To calculate the hyperfine constants of 129h we have modified a computer programme usually used to calculate the hyperfine structure for 127h [6,7]. First, we consider the interaction from rotational levels with rotational quantum number J ± 2 in the quadrupole 1 Constants of these transitions have earlier been listed by Glaser [5]. We have discovered an error in the computer programme used by Glaser~ H TSS was calculated for a total nuclear spin of 5 instead of 7.


This research aims to find out how the policy implementation of Bogor District Regulation Number 19 Year 2008 on Spatial Planning in 2005-2025, due to framework of buffer zone management in Bogor, West Java. The method used is descriptive with content analysis approach in policy evaluation. Regional regulations are already set up that conservation of natural resources in Puncak Regional as buffer zone in Bogor. Implementation has been conducted from district to local goverment. Building permits were based on Zero Delta Q Policy. Ciliwung watershed should be managed based on 'one river one management', since it consists of several administrative areas, for the mutual benefit based on environmental factors, physical, and socio-cultural as well. There are 131,548.41 ha (44,69%) protected areas in Bogor, which is sufficient. Puncak as a buffer zone of Ciliwung requires a protected areas 11,700 ha (30%). Until 2012, the areas of forest cover in district Megamendung and Cisarua was only 2,500 ha, it means that there was a shortage area of 9,200 ha. Puncak resor in Bogor area consists of three districts, Ciawi 4744.263 ha; Megamendung 6198.029 ha; and Cisarua 7281.03 ha. To meet the needs of the protected Ciliwung watershed amounted to 30%, it would require 64% of the land each district.


An automated system for testing and performance evaluation of the CDF (Collider Detector Facility) Silicon Vertex Detector (SVX) data acquisition electronics is described. The SVX data acquisition chain includes the Fastbus sequencer and the Rabbit crate controller and digitizers. The sequencer is a programmable device for which a high level assembly language has been developed. Diagnostic, calibration, and data acquisition programs have been developed in order to operate the modules. The package includes programs written in assembly and Fortran languages that are executed concurrently on the SVX Sequencer modules and either a microvax or an SSP. Test software was included to assist technical personnel during the production and maintenance of the modules. Details of the design of different components of the package and results of the test are reported.<<ETX>>


While user experience (UX) and technical and professional communication (TPC) are intertwined, how UX is taught in TPC is highly variable. In this article, we report data from a study with TPC instructors who teach UX to identify patterns in approaches to teaching UX. We provide background on UX pedagogy, share methods including collecting data from a questionnaire and interviews and conducting qualitative analysis. The findings map teaching activities onto the design process and show patterns and commonalities. We conclude by proposing a process-based approach for teaching UX in TPC classes and programs to fprovide scaffolding and connections for students.


Abstract Thermal convection of a rotating dielectric micropolar fluid layer under the action of an electric field and temperature gradient has been investigated. The dispersion relation has been derived using normal mode analysis. The effects of the electric Rayleigh number, micropolar viscosity, Taylor number and Prandtl number on stability and over stability criteria are discussed. It is found that rotation postpones the instability in the fluid layer, while the Prandtl number and rotation both have a stabilizing effect. It is also observed that the micropolar fluid additives have a stabilizing effect, whereas the electric field has a destabilizing effect on the onset of convection stability.


Several challenges and complexities are involved in managing affordable housing properties, including social programming, meeting financial goals, budgeting, complying with governmental and local housing regulations, decreasing tenant turnover and vacancy rates, and maintaining the physical building structure. Nonprofit organizations have recently taken on the task of housing the nation's less privileged, lower-income households. Most nonprofit owners contract property management services to private management companies. This research measures how satisfied residents are with property management services at Defoors Ferry Manor, a nonprofit multifamily affordable housing community owned by Atlanta Mutual Housing Association. Of the thirteen variables, residents were least satisfied with expediency in which property management staff addressed their issues. A plausible explanation for this finding is the high turnover rate in property management staff. This research provides recommendations for successfully transitioning between property management staff.


We consider the influence of decaying dark matter (DM) particles on the characteristics of 21 cm absorption in spectra of distant radio-loud sources - "21 cm forest" - from minihaloes with masses $M=10^5-10^7\msun$ virialized at $z_{vir} = 10$. We use 1D self-consistent hydrodynamic description to study evolution of minihaloes, and follow up their absorption characteristics from turnaround to virialization. We find that in the presence of decaying dark matter both thermal and dynamical evolution of minihaloes demonstrate significant deviation from those in the model without dark matter decay (standard recombination). We show that optical depth in 21 cm line is strongly suppressed in the presence of decaying particles: for $M=10^5-10^6\msun$ decaying dark matter with the energy rate deposited in baryonic gas $\xi_{L} = 0.59\times 10^{-25}$ s$^{-1}$ - the current upper limit of the energy deposit - decreases the optical depth and the equivalent width by an order of magnitude compared to the standard recombination. Thus additional ionization and heating from decaying DM particles almost "erases" absorption features from minihaloes with $M=10^5-10^6\msun$ for $\xi \simgt 0.3\xi_L$, which consequently considerably decreases the number of strong absorptions: for example, the number of absorptions with the equivalent width $W_\nu^{obs} \simgt 0.3$ kHz at $z\simeq10$ decreases more than 2.5 times for $\xi/\xi_{L} = 0.3$ and $\simgt$4.5 times for $\xi/\xi_{L} = 1$. We argue that "21 cm forest" absorptions might be a powerful probe of the presence of decaying dark matter in the early Universe.


This paper presents a 20-Gb/s half rate 4:1 multiplexer (MUX) with multiphase clock (MPC) architecture in 40-nm CMOS technology. The MPC architecture employs quarter-rate four-phase clock generated by true phase single clock divider, which omits the phase adjuster and delay-matching buffers and thus reduces power consumption. Meanwhile, The MUX is implemented by purely digital circuits contributing to saving more power. The MUX is designed in 40-nm CMOS process with 1.1-V supply voltage. The simulation result demonstrates that data jitter is 4.1 ps peak-to-peak and the power consumption is only 4.86 mW. We also propose a new multiphase clock generator that achieves high frequency and consumes low power.


Correction for 'Polyampholytic graft copolymers based on polydehydroalanine (PDha) – synthesis, solution behavior and application as dispersants for carbon nanotubes' by J. B. Max et al., Polym. Chem., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c8py01390j.


Abstract Teacher-student collaborative assessment (TSCA) aims to address the challenges of responding to students' work in the Production-Oriented Approach: low efficiency and poor effectiveness. As part of a bigger project carried out in a Chinese university over a period of three years, the present study explored how the teacher prepared and implemented TSCA in class, especially with a focus on how she determined the assessing objective and worked collaboratively with her students in class to achieve it, using the students' written and translated texts as examples. By adopting the dialectical research (DR) method, this paper collected qualitative data such as teaching plans, classroom recordings, and reflective journals of the teacher-researcher (the author), along with students' written drafts and translated texts. TSCA theory and classroom practice have been refined simultaneously by means of putting theory into practice and reflecting upon it. The optimized pre-class and in-class procedures may shed some light on applying TSCA to L2 classrooms.


The invention discloses a method for scheduling disperse transmission users, which includes: transmitting frequency proportionality information; obtaining the time resource and band resource that the disperse transmission users can occupy according to the mappings relationship from the time frequency proportionality information to the time frequency resources occupied by the disperse transmissionusers; allocating scheduling time to the specific disperse transmission users requiring scheduling in the time that the disperse transmission users can occupy; allocating scheduling band to the specific disperse transmission users requiring scheduling in the band resources that the disperse transmission users can occupy; and transmitting the physical layer scheduling control signaling for informing the scheduling time and the scheduling band. The technical scheme provided by the invention can allocate better resources to the users with less physical layer scheduling control signaling.


A principal participant in developing computer‐based information systems is the systems analyst. A wide range of skills and knowledge requirements seems to be necessary to be a systems analyst. To date, few studies have attempted to identify the specific skills that analysts indicate are critical to their success during the systems development life‐cycle process. Identifies and investigates the characteristics of a successful systems analyst's domain and knowledge base. Specifically, groups domain knowledge into four major categories: technical skills, systems skills, managerial skills, and business skills. From within each category, analysts indicated which skills they perceived to be of importance to perform their job functions as systems analysts successfully. The results help identify the educational and training requirements for future systems analysts that need to be in place for both academic and corporate instructional programmes.


Computational Thinking education and training are considered crucial activities to achieve success in later challenges like computer programming. To train the brain to think in logical terms it is necessary to use adequate resources. In this paper we address the difficult problem that is assessing efficacy of a given resource to the Computation Thinking development. To discuss that topic we will use the Melodic System which is a physical learning resource capable of constructing melodic sequences in a logical manner to be used by visually impaired people. Melodic was created aiming at training Computational Thinking through music and sounds and its impact in the learning process must be evaluated. This paper presents the tests and results applied to this intent, while also providing a general and summarized presentation of the Melodic System itself.


Vegetal foreign bodies in the limbs cannot be demonstrated by X-ray examination and may lead to erroneous diagnosis. The answer should be given by surgical exploration, however, and this is particularly true for mobile foreign bodies in the joint, a high degree of suspicion is necessary at surgery. Three observations are presented in this paper which emphasize practical recommendations to perform without delay the simple efficient surgical procedure consisting in removal of the foreign body.


Research and experimentation are underway in libraries, archives, and research institutions on various digital strategies, including computational methods and tools, to manage "Collections as Data" [1]. This involves new ways for librarians and archivists to manage, preserve, and provide access to their digital collections. A major component in this ongoing process is the education and training needed by information professionals to function effectively in the 21st century. Accessible and transferable infrastructure is a key requirement in creating a network of collaboration for information professionals to fully realize the full potential of managing "Collections as Data." Elements needed include: 1. Open source research and educational platforms to remove barriers to access to curation tools and resources. These are needed to deliver and share computational educational programs. 2. Creation of a Cloud-based student-learning environment. 3. Development of Open Source software architectures that use computational infrastructure. 4. Exploration of new pedagogies for educating librarians and archivists in computational methods and tools. 5. Establishment of a community of practice for developing collaborative projects, and liaising with the wider international iSchool community and practitioners in the field. Our "Blue Sky" proposal seeks to explore a number of these challenges (infrastructure, computation, collaboration, learning) that stimulate the iSchool research community and have the potential to jumpstart international collaborative networks. A significant outcome would be the development of an international computational network for supporting librarians and archivists, akin to the existing Sloan Foundation funded "Data Curation Network", which over the next five years seeks to model a cross-institutional staffing approach for curating research data in digital repositories [2].


Towards the beginning of Henry Fielding's Tom Jones , Tom's pompous tutors, Thwackum and Square get into an argument over religion. Thwackum, seeing he is losing ground, tries to bolster his case by narrowing the terms of the debate. 4 When I mention religion' he asserts, 'I mean the Christian religion, and not only the Christian religion, but the Protestant religion, and not only the Protestant religion, but the Church of England'. In developing their critique of media sociology, Digby Anderson and Wes Sharrock (Sociology 13 (3) September 1979, pp. 367-85) have a good deal in common with Thwackum. When they mention media sociology, they mean exclusively British work, and not only British work but the handful of studies they happened to have come across. The result is a highly selective account which ignores whole areas of important research and seriously misrepresents the central concerns and present state of the field. The problems begin with their general delineation of the area. Although the abstract that heads the piece promises 'a general critique of radical media/cultural studies', the first footnote clearly identifies 'media studies' with 'British sociology on the media'. Similarly, while they tend to use the general term 'media scholars' in the body of the text, almost all the studies they actually discuss are by sociologists. This slipping between terms results in major distortions. Most importantly, it tends to present 'media studies' as a more or less homogeneous field rather than the amalgam of distinctive and often antagonistic currents it actually is. In the first place, there is the long standing academic 'cold war' between sociological work and the approaches that have developed out of literary and cultural criticism, and more recently out of linguistics. Despite growing cross-disciplinary initiatives, the relationship between work centred on textual analysis and studies which focus on the social relations of production and consumption remains both institutionally uneasy and theoretically problematic. Ironically enough, studies of news (which Anderson and Sharrock single out for special attention in the first half of their paper) provide a particularly good example of these tensions.1 On top of this, there is the whole issue of Marxism's recent revival and its incursion into cultural analysis. This cannot be adequately understood as an either/or question. Rather it is a matter of mapping the complex and shifting accommodations between the varieties of contemporary Marxism and the diverse currents within both the sociology of communications and cultural studies. Anderson and Sharrock ignore these complexities, however, and opt for a description by labelling which presents very different kinds of work as part of a composite 'radical media/cultural studies' which is then counterposed to 'Bourgeois sociology' (p. 382) and to 'the kinds of problem that we would like to see examined' (p. 371). As I shall show, had they been a little less selective in their reading and looked more carefully at the full range of recent sociological research on news, they would have noticed three things. Firstly, that sociologists interested in the area have spent a good deal of time investigating precisely the problems and issues which they claim have been ignored. Secondly, that much of this research can fairly be called 'critical' in Paul Lazarsfeld's sense of the term, which remains the usage most generally current within media sociology.2 Thirdly, that most of this critical research (my own included) owes as much to methods and approaches developed within sociology as it does to traditions generated from within Marxism and cultural studies.3


This paper discusses a certification scheme that was set up by the National Roads Board (NZ) and the NZ Roadmarkers Federation to ensure that paint roadmarking equipment meets minimum standards. Checking includes a physical check of some components, a check that relevant certification by others is held (e.g. Ministry of Transport approval to left hand steer) but mainly centres on an end result check of roadmarking produced. The body of the paper discusses the background to the decision to set up the certification scheme, the details of the testing procedures, administrative factors, and looks at the economics of the scheme after 4 years of operation. The paper notes that certification does not reduce the need for supervision of roadmarking, but it does ensure a supervisor can confidently appoint a contractor knowing the equipment is capable of producing the required markings. The paper concludes that the certification scheme has been a factor in reducing costs, and improving standards of paint roadmarking visibility. Overall it is concluded the scheme is "value for money". For the covering abstract of the symposium see IRRD 810782. (Author/TRRL)


With the advent of large data age, large data is to quickly and effectively deal with massive data technology affects all walks of life, including large data in the application of plant protection UAVs and practice, can effectively improve the plant protection work in the massive data Index and processing speed. Therefore, this paper mainly aims at the application and practice of large data in the application and practice of large-scale data protection in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and the application and practice of large data in the application of plant protection and unmanned aerial vehicles. It is hoped that this paper can provide some reference and reference for the application and practice of large data on plant protection UAV.


Purpose To study the effect of CD31、MMP2、MMP9、Cathepsin D on vasculogenic mimicry in the melanoma transplant tumor. Methods The mouse melanoma transplant tumor model was made with B16 melanoma cell suspending liquid. When the tumor appears, choosing one mouse each day randomly according to random number chart and kill it. To get 114 cases tumor specimens totally; The tumor specimens normally HE stain ,immunohistochemistry stain and CD31-PAS double stain. Counting the positive cell around the vasculogenic mimicry and far away from vasculogenic mimicry per 100 tumor cell; Counting positive cell around the endothelial-depended vessel and far away from the endothelial-depended vessel per 100 tumor cell. Results The vasculogenic mimicry and endothelial-depended vesselco-exist in the tumor tissue at the early phase of melanoma;From day 9 to day 12,this structure was replaced by the endothelial-depended vessel. The number of CD31、MMP2 positive cell around vasculogenic mimicry was more than that of far away vasculogenic mimicry. The ratio of CD31 positive cell around that of around endothelial-depended vessel .There were correlation between vasculogenic mimicry density and the number of CD31、MMP2 positive cells around vasculogenic mimicry. The density of endothelial vessel had correlation with the number of CD31 positive cell around endothelial-depended vessel. Conclusions The vasculogenic mimicry is one sort of temporary blood-providing pattern. CD31、Cathepsin D 、MMP2、MMP9 all take part in the development of vasculogenic mimicry and CD31、MMP2 play key role in this procession.


The protective effect of S,2-aminoethylisothiuronium dibromide (AET) against the injury caused by gamma rays was studied in the female rat. Significant protection was achieved using either intraperitoneal injection or gavage. The drug was somewhat more effective when given by the parenteral rather than by the oral route. It was also noted that as the dose rate was decreased from approximately 1,000 to 500 to 100 r per minute, the protective effect of oral treatment with AET was also decreased. Further evidence suggests that larger animals are more susceptible to the toxic effects of the protective drug itself. (auth)


Abstract : This report presents the results of a 6-month technical effort to develop a realistic mission profile for each of six helicopter types in current and future Army inventories: observation, utility, utility/tactical assault, attack, crane, and transport. The profiles included in this report are the product of operational data gathered over two decades, starting with early NACA efforts and including extensive studies conducted by the Army Air Mobility R and D Laboratory and private enterprise.


Meunier's ref lections upon the differences between the "home-movie attitude," the "documentary attitude," and the "f iction attitude" can help to develop a theory of reference in cinematic discourse. Such a theory needs to take into account three fundamental ideas. First, reference is not constituted by the f ilm alone but results from an interaction between f ilm and viewer. Second, there are different kinds of objects (or entities with different "modes of being") that are referred to. These two ideas can be drawn more or less directly from Meunier's argument. The third idea is less obvious but logically implied: it is based on a differentiation between three dimensions of meaning: intensional (with an 's'), extensional, and referential meaning, all of which co-exist phenomenologically.


NHS board members must take proactive responsibility for the health and wellbeing of hospital staff, the Royal College of Physicians and Faculty of Occupational Medicine have said.

The 2009 Boorman review of the health of NHS staff found a …


The photographic plate method has been used to study photoprotons emitted from oxygen gas exposed to bremsstrahlung of maximum energies 30, 35, and 70 Mev. The proton energy distributions above 5 Mev. show maxima corresponding to peaks in the (γ, p) excitation function at 20.7, 21.9, and 24.0 Mev. The proton angular distributions are anisotropic, in general agreement with a sin2θ function, but the high-energy protons exhibit a degree of asymmetry about the 90° angle which may be due to a small electric-quadrupole interference effect.


Part I of this article defines the ―CSI effect,‖ a phrase has come to have many different meanings ascribed to it. It emphasizes the epistemological importance of first describing the effect of the ―CSI effect‖ as observed in juror behavior documented in a new study * Donald E. Shelton has been a felony trial judge in Michigan for nineteen years and is an adjunct faculty member in the Criminology and Political Science Departments at Eastern Michigan University. J.D., University of Michigan Law School, 1969; M.A., Criminology, Eastern Michigan University, 2007; B.A., Social Science, Western Michigan University, 1966. ** Young S. Kim is an Assistant Professor of Criminology at Eastern Michigan University. Ph.D., Crime, Law and Justice, Pennsylvania State University, 2001; M.A., Crime, Law and Justice, Pennsylvania State University, 1998; M.A., Social Psychology, Yonsei University, 1993; B.A., Psychology, Yonsei University, 1991. *** Gregg Barak is a Professor of Criminology & Criminal Justice at Eastern Michigan University and Distinguished Visiting Professor of the College of Justice & Safety at Eastern Kentucky University. Ph.D., Criminology, University of California, Berkeley, 1974; M. Crim., University of California, Berkeley, 1971; A.B., Criminology, University of California, Berkeley. The authors appreciate the cooperation of Wayne County Circuit Judge Edward Ewell, Jr. and are especially grateful to the staff of the Wayne County Circuit Court Jury Services Office, including Mary Kay Wimsatt, Ilene Marschner, Kari Komiensky, Gina Jackson, and Audrey Mitchell. Judicial Attorney Kelly Roberts was vital in the administration of the surveys and graduate assistant Katie Martin played a substantial role in the data collection and input. 2 VANDERBILT J. ENT. AND TECH. LAW [Vol. 12:1:1 conducted in Wayne County (Detroit), Michigan, and then looking at causative factors that may be related to an explanation of those observed effects. Part II describes the methodology of the Wayne County study, provides a descriptive analysis of Wayne County jurors, and compares the jurors demographically to the Washtenaw County jurors who were surveyed in 2006. Part III analyzes the Wayne County study results with respect to jurors' expectations and demands for scientific evidence. The Wayne County study findings reinforce the earlier Washtenaw findings of heightened juror expectations and demands for scientific evidence in almost every respect. This most recent analysis reinforces conclusions from the earlier study that there is no such causative relationship between watching CSI and heightened juror expectations and demands. Part IV explores the nature of the ―tech effect‖ as one causative factor for those heightened juror expectations and demands as an alternative to the ―CSI effect.‖ The results of regression analyses of new data provide some support for the 2006 study's suggestion of a ―tech effect‖—that the broader changes in popular culture brought about by rapid scientific and technological advances and widespread dissemination of information about them is a more likely explanation for increased juror expectations and demand for scientific evidence. Part V provides an overview of contemporary perspectives of ―mass-mediated effects‖ on public attitudes, behaviors, and expectations as a prelude to a suggested ―Indirect-Effects Model of Mediated Adjudication.‖ The authors propose an indirect-effects model of juror influences that triangulates the potential interactive effects of a ―CSI effect‖ myth with the likelihood of a ―tech effect‖ in the context of the ―mass mediated effects‖ of law and order or crime and justice news media.


IntroductionIn 1948, the World Health Organisation defined health as a 'state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease of infirmity' (1). Unfortunately, this visionary conception did not guide research or service delivery in human health in China. Instead, the past half century showed a persistent focus on health from an illness and disease perspective, ignoring issues of psychological and social wellness. For example, during the period 1950 to 1990, public health efforts mainly focused on effective control of fatal communicable and infectious diseases, severe endemic diseases, severe infectious diarrhoea, infant pneumonia, and high morbidity and mortality caused by severe malnutrition. There is no doubt that this focus has resulted in a dramatic decrease in infant mortality and morbidity rates (2). However, we argue that mental health and social and emotional wellbeing should now be major components of health delivery, especially given the decline in communicable and infectious diseases in the more developed social-economic areas of China.Current mental health problems and strategies in ChinaThe burden of mental health problems appears to be increasing in China, adversely affect individuals, families and communities. This increase is associated with the rapid social and economic development and changes that have taken place over recent years (3). Mental health problems in China now rank fourth in morbidity after diseases such as cardiac diseases, diabetes, and cancer (4). Suicide, in association with depression, is now the primary cause of death for youth, with an increasing incidence in lower age groups as well. (5). The incidence of students who have mental health problems is now 16.4% for primary school students, and 14.2% for secondary school students (6).Mental health issues for Chinese children relate to social and emotional problems and inability to adapt change and challenges (7). Poor relationships between children and parents and students and teachers compound feelings of loneliness and anxiety, and exacerbate hostile behaviour in children (7,8). However, such issues remain largely neglected as priorities for mental health service delivery, Considering the large youth population in China and the heavy burden on family and society of childhood mental health problems, this situation can no longer be ignored,Traditional treatment and therapy, such as clinical psychological diagnosis and treatment, behavioural therapy, and individual education programs, do not effectively deal with many of these problems. Although scientific advances have led to aetiological discoveries and improved diagnostic tools, thereby reducing the severity and number of mental health problems (3), this has not led to the widespread alleviation of suffering. Clinical services provided by Chinese Mental Health Research Centers (i.e., the Child Mental Health Research Center in Nanjing) are limited due to the overwhelming numbers of people who require assistance. Efforts to prevent mental health problems and promote mental health and wellbeing have received little recognition in society. Prevention therefore remains an unrealised tool in China.Causes of mental health problems in Chinese children One of the ongoing debates in the literature has focused on whether the criteria to measure adaptation should include both internal adaptation and daily challenges (positive psychological well-being versus distress, depression, and anxiety) and external adaptation to changing environment and various cultural contexts. This debate reflects the dual nature of living systems (9,10). Human individuals are living organisms that must maintain coherence as a unit and also function as part of larger systems, such as families, communities, and society. From a perspective that views children's developmental success as grounded in the surrounding social conditions of their development, the fact that a significant number of children are not doing well in terms of their academic achievement, social and behavioural choices, and mental health suggests serious problems not only within children themselves but also across the broader cast of adults, families, institutions and policy context charged with helping them become full members of society. …


Recently, environment, social, and governance (ESG) are becoming increasingly important in corporate management. Although previous research has mainly focused on financial benefits from the investor perspective, consumer perceptions of ESG activities have received little attention. The purpose of this study was to provide a psychological mechanism of how consumer perceptions of ESG activities. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to examine (1) how ESG affects corporate image (perceived warmth-competence), (2) how perceived corporate image influence perceived price fairness, and (3) these effects may affect consumer response such as brand attitude, loyalty, and willingness to pay more towards corporate. The proposed research model was tested using structural equation modeling. According to the results of data analysis, the results revealed that (1) environment of ESG had a positive impact on perceived warmth and social of ESG had a positive impact on both perceived warmth and competence. Also, governance of ESG had a positive impact on perceived competence. Furthermore, perceived warmth and competence toward corporate had a positive impact on perceived price fairness, which results in brand attitude, loyalty, and willingness to pay more. The interpretations of these findings and the implications are also discussed.


The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a silver-plated conductive long fiber and a silver-plated conductive long fiber prepared thereby. For achieving the purpose, the present invention provides a method for preparing a silver-plated conductive long fiber, comprising the steps of: dissolving poly(amide-co-imide) and poly(trimellitic anhydride chloride-co-4,4′-methylenedianiline) at a weight ratio of 4.5:5.5 to 5.5:4.5 in a solvent, followed by mixing (step 1); electrospining the mixture solution obtained in step 1 to prepare a long fiber (step 2); and forming silver nanoparticles on a surface of the long fiber obtained in step 2 (step 3). According to the present invention, the silver-plated conductive long fiber is prepared by using poly(amide-co-imide) and poly(trimellitic anhydride chloride-co-4,4′-methylenedianiline) as raw materials to prepare the long fiber, and then plating the prepared long fiber with silver, so that the surface of the long fiber is activated by a polyethylene glycol solution, thereby uniformly plating the long fiber with the silver nanoparticles. The long fiber prepared according to the present invention can exhibit excellent conductiviety and thus can be used as a material for an electrode, since the silver nanoparticles are plated on the surface of the long fiber.


The dimension stone wrapping process is a method used before the sawing of the block which aims to enhance the integrity of the rock, thus ensuring that fractured or altered blocks remain intact while they are handling and splitting into slabs. This method increases safety and allows the processing of many materials once not commercialized. Nevertheless, the epoxy resin used in the process comes from a non-renewable resource and contains toxic substances on its composition. Therefore, in order to increase the eco-efficiency in the sector of dimension stones, a comparison of the epoxy resin with an ecological and non-toxic resin based on the castor oil, was carried out aiming to know the resulting tensile strength in the contact of the polymer with the stone surface. Two types of rocks were tested, a silicate and a carbonate one. The results indicated that the castor oil resin performed a higher tensile strength regarding carbonate rocks, suggesting that the castor oil resin could replace the epoxy resin when applied to this rock group, providing an environmental advantage and a global marketing differential.


Little empirical research has been conducted on the mental models and situation awareness of system administrators. To begin addressing this deficiency, a short survey was prepared and broadcast to system administrators via Internet newsgroups. Fifty-four sysadmins responded. These respondents indicated that there is much about the systems they oversee that they don't understand, and the more they do not understand about their systems, the more likely they are to attribute this ignorance to hardware, and not software, unknowns. The respondents attribute little of the expertise they do possess to formal education or training. Further, when faced with a novel situation, the respondents were more likely to rely on themselves and their personal contacts than on the system's manufacturers, or on third party support. However, the more the sysadmins attributed their ignorance of their systems to hardware unknowns, the more likely they were to rely on manufacturer and third party support. Compared to Microsoft oriented sysadmins, Unix oriented sysadmins were more likely to attribute their expertise to working with others, and were more likely to attribute their ignorance to hardware unknowns. Finally, respondents who felt that their organizational superiors understood what is involved in system administration were more likely to perceive these superiors as providing the sysadmins with adequate support.


Introduction:
 The most fundamental problem facing cardiac therapy, unlike vascular grafts and heart valves, is to repair and/or regenerate the damaged myocardium. Restricted myocardial regeneration after tissue damage and shortage of donor organs for cardiac transplantation are the major constraints of conventional therapies. The most daunting task in the field of cardiovascular tissue engineering is the creation and/or regeneration of an
 in vitro
 engineered cardiac muscle; tissue engineering is associated with two common underlying concerns for clinical applicability, viz., contractility and thickness. However, both the thickness and the contractility of the derived cardiac tissue are dependent on the vascularity of the construct.

 Hypothesis:
 Whether functioning vascularized cardiac tissue can be generated by the simultaneous interaction of cardiac myocytes, endothelial cells, and somatic stem cells, as would expect to occur during myocardial reparative/regenerative processes; by utilizing, viz., the embryo-derived embryonic cardiac myocytes (eCMs) and the human adipose-derived multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on a three-dimensional (3-D) prevascularized collagen cell carrier (CCC) scaffold.

 Methods and Results:
 First, to generate the prevascularized scaffold, human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (hCMVECs) and hMSCs were co-cultured onto a 3-D CCC for 7 days under vasculogenic culture conditions, hCMVECs/hMSCs underwent maturation, differentiation, and morphogenesis characteristic of microvessels, and formed dense vascular networks. Next, the eCMs and hMSCs were co-cultured onto this generated prevascularized CCCs for further 7 or 14 days in myogenic culture conditions. Lastly, expression and functional analyses of the differentiated progenies revealed neo-cardiomyogenesis and neo-vasculogenesis. In this milieu, not only were hMSCs able to couple electromechanically with developing eCMs, but also able to contribute to the developing vasculature as mural cells, respectively.

 Conclusions:
 Hence, our unique 3-D co-culture system provides us a reproducible and quintessential
 in vitro
 3-D model of cardiomyogenesis, and a functional cardiac graft that can be utilized for personalized medicine.


The review seeks to summarise the current ideas in regard to the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated vasculitis and to examine in detail how epidemiological and genetic factors fit with the modern paradigm. The recent literature has been reviewed. The AASV appear to involve initiation by both T cells and B cells followed by a neutrophil dominated inflammatory phase in which ANCA may actually be involved. The alternative complement pathway may play a role. The genetic background is reviewed with genes identified that potentially encode proteins that are involved in the regulation of the immune system, other genes may be involved in the control of the inflammatory phase. With regard to environmental factors the two that stand out are a latitude gradient, presumably vitamin D and silica an agent known to be associated with both autoantibody production and autoimmune disease. A model which includes these factors is outlined.


Background: Difficulty integrating home and workplace expectations may explain gender differences in academic success and attrition of promising physicianresearchers (13). Institutions have piloted creative interventions to help those facing time-sensitive productivity and family pressures, but the problem persists nationwide (4, 5). The Doris Duke Charitable Foundation created an innovative new national program to support junior physicianresearchers facing substantial extraprofessional challenges. Objective: To describe the program's design, goals, and first-year experiences. Methods and Findings: In 2015, the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation solicited proposals for the Fund to Retain Clinical Scientists, seeking to support programs at medical schools to facilitate the success and retention of physicianresearchers facing substantial caregiving challenges. The foundation received 72 letters of intent and 61 full applications; it funded 10 sites. Five-year grants of $540000 support approximately 6 junior physicianresearchers at each site (recommended support, approximately $30000 to $50000 per year for 1 to 2 years). Funds were designated for research support, not child care or elder care costs. Each funded site solicited proposals from candidates who were full-time physicianresearchers at an early-career faculty rank (that is, not yet associate professors) working on human research with the potential to affect health, had evidence of strong research training and productivity and active financial research support, and showed compelling need related to caregiving demands. Both women and men were eligible for funding, but more women were expected to qualify given gender differences in domestic labor observed in prior studies (3). Beyond the stated criteria for candidates, individual programs had substantial latitude in implementation. Sites varied in how they defined caregiving demands and compelling need. Certain sites allowed ordinary, ongoing demands related to parenting or elder care, whereas others required extraordinary, time-limited needs involving serious illness, unexpected caregiving, end-of-life care, or other remarkable challenges. We report here the first results of an ongoing study to evaluate this program. This study describes characteristics of program applicants and awardees and evaluates early impressions of program directors. It was approved by the University of Michigan Institutional Review Board. In the first year, each site circulated its own internal request for applications. A median of 10 applications was received per site (range, 2 to 28). Of the 123 physicians who applied for funding, most (n= 102 [82.9%]) were women (Table). Caregiving needs included elder care, partner care, and child care for 21.1% (n= 26), 1.6% (n= 2), and 91.1% (n= 112), respectively (applicants could choose more than 1 category). Although early in academic rank, applicants showed substantial productivity. Most (80.5%) had authored at least 6 publications, and 30.1% had already received $500000 or more in extramural grants. Thirty-three awards were granted in the first year; a median of 3.5 awards was granted per site (range, 2 to 5). Table. Characteristics of PhysicianResearcher Applicants* We conducted in-depth, semistructured interviews with leaders from each site approximately 1 year after program initiation. Representatives from each site also participated in a full-day symposium during which they discussed their experiences and engaged with a panel of several award recipients. Qualitative analysis revealed the complexity and effect of caregiving challenges faced by physicianresearchers. Many applicants had simultaneous elder care and child care demands, with challenges exacerbated by relocation for job opportunities that precluded utilizing family for help. Divorce or illness of the physicianresearcher or family members further complicated the demands faced by many applicants. Of note, the Fund to Retain Clinical Scientists grant created a platform to galvanize institutional resources for applicants and awardees. Many sites have leveraged institutional funds and programs to support additional scholar positions and provide supplemental resources, including administrative and psychosocial support, research services, and direct domestic help. Several sites also provide awardees (and sometimes applicants not selected for funding support) with executive coaching, leadership development, and mentorship programs, including peer mentorship networks. Challenges have surfaced as institutions operationalize the program and wrestle with such questions as how to evaluate the intensity of an applicant's caregiving need, understand how funding enables ongoing productivity, think about gender in awarding funds, and consider awardee needs regarding publicity of their personal circumstances. Discussion: The initial experience of the Fund to Retain Clinical Scientists has revealed enthusiasm for the intent of the program and confirmed its tremendous need. Site leaders anticipate that this program may drive change in institutional culture by normalizing caregiving challenges and supporting research during them. We hope that this early description will be interesting and inspiring to persons and groups who might who might initiate other creative interventions that seek to further promote worklife integration in the medical profession.


The eradication of alpha and fission tracks and the selective track discrimination by heat treatment have been studied in cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, and polycarbonate sheets. Some applications of the phenomena in alphagraphy and fissionography are presented. (auth)


Combined heating, cooling and power (CHCP) plants are one of the most efficient options for meeting the entire energy demand of humankind. Today, they are used very widely arround the world and the use of these has an increasing trend. High efficiency of CHCP plants help to reduce CO2 emmision and this make them environment friendly compared to other energy supply methods from fossil fuels. In this study, a comparasion of energy demand coverage of a commercial hospital located in Konya, Turkey with a CHCP plant and a conventional system which is installed now, is performed. The electrical load and heat load for both space heating and hot water were obtained by using real consumption data of the hospital for previous years. Economic analysis was performed, the feasibilty and enviromental impact of both systems are compared.


Families have played a critical role in providing the social, emotional, economic, and spiritual needs of people since time immemorial, without much public support. Families are still relevant to the well-being of individuals and of society, but diverse social events have changed the nature and function of families, and that has created a significant burden on families. There is now a greater need for public support than ever before. Although all states have some legislation for family support, only a few states have demonstrated a commitment to promoting families by enacting legislation that supports family functioning. The findings of this study show that family policies in most states still lag behind the current rhetoric about supporting families.


The paper focuses on different expressions of the subculture of illegal construction under socialism in the area of Ljubljana and its rural surroundings. Through this example, it tries to show the discrepancy between state-enforced rules, that is housing policy and people's plans to achieve their particular interests within the socialist ideal of appropriate housing for everybody. The reasons for illegal construction were numerous, ranging from lengthy procedures and high costs for obtaining a building permit to inefficient spatial planning and insufficiency of state-built housing. However, it can also be considered as a cultural phenomenon. The authorities were aware of the multifaceted situation, both of illegal construction arising from necessity and of those arising from the pursuit of lower construction costs. They blamed the citizens for non-compliance with building regulations, but on the other hand, exercised ineffective control themselves.


In this paper we present a novel tractable feedback model that captures the thermo-electric dynamics of silicon micro-heaters. The validity of the model is demonstrated using an analytical derivation from physical principles. Furthermore the model is applied to the synthesis of specific temperature profiles.


ABSTRACT Recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) nucleocapsid and spike protein-based immunoglobulin G immunoassays were developed and evaluated. Our assays demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity to the SARS coronavirus in sera collected from patients as late as 2 years postonset of symptoms. These assays will be useful not only for routine SARS coronavirus diagnostics but also for epidemiological and antibody kinetic studies.


Seungbong Island is situated about 100㎞ away from Inchon Port in the western sea of the Korean Peninsula. Field investigations were conducted for two days each from June 30 through July 1, 1981 and from August 20 through 21, 1981. The results obtained are summarized as follows: Plants growing in this island consist of a total of 193 species (70 families, 151 genera, 170 species, 22 varieties and 1 forma). Pinus thunbergii was confirmed to be the dominant species. The natural degree observed in this island was high, as a whole. The coefficient of ferny plants (Pte-Q) is 0.95, lower than 1.7 of the whole of the Korean Peninsula. This seems to be attributed to the destruction of forest bed grass. Atractylodes japonica Koidz., Miscanthus sinensis Anders. var. purpurascense Rendle, and Rhododendron mucronulatum Turz, are distributed mainly on the forest bed of Pinus thunbergii. The poor distribution of Chenopodium album var. centrorubrum Makino, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv., Amaranthus mangostanus Linne´ is considered attributable to the phenomenon of allellopathy caused by a chemical substance secreted from the leaves of Pinus thunbergii. The component ratio of species in this island is lower than that of other islands due probably to the small area of arable land and grassland. The poor growth of plants in the forest of Pinus thunbergii, the dominant species in this island, seems to be attributed to the low relative light intensity of the forest. Seaside plants consisting of a total of 7 species were distributed mainly in the vicinity of sandy beaches. Naturalized plants comprising a total of 11 species were relatively diversified in the number of species.


The work presented in this paper concerns the study of the thermal behavior
 due to copper losses and iron losses of a switched reluctance machine with
 double salience (SRM6/4) by analytical coupling - 2D finite elements.
 Calculation by analytical methods of the conduction coefficients in the
 radial and axial direction as well as the convection coefficients in the air
 gap of this machine are presented. The values of these found coefficients
 are used to solve the transient thermal problem for this device using the
 ADEMEF2D software. The obtained results show a very large increase in
 temperature at the winding. Heat conduction in both radial and axial
 directions has a very large effect on the temperature value in all regions
 of the SRM6/4.


Abstract Transmission laser bonding of dissimilar and biocompatible materials has a potential application in biomedical implants. The reliability of wafer bonding between polyethylene therephthalate and glass with Ti coating is quite dependent on the surface condition of Ti film. Ti coatings were deposited on glass substrates using radio frequency magnetron sputtering. Ti coatings with different thicknesses between 60 and 150 nm showed varying surface morphology. The effect of film thickness of Ti coating on bonding quality was studied by optical profilometer and true colour confocal microscopy for materials. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to study the bonding mechanism by evaluating the formation of chemical bond during laser bonding process. The XPS results give evidence for the formation of Ti–C and Ti–O bonds in the sharp interfacial region. Experimental results show that the film thickness of Ti coating has a significant impact on bonding quality.


The invention discloses an anti-climbing tower crane box. The anti-climbing tower crane box comprises any one section of a steel frame which is located at the lower part of a tower crane; the bottom of the steel frame extends outwards to form one circle of an anti-climbing box; the whole body of the anti-climbing box is in a box body structure; a top cover and a bottom cover are welded on the upper top surface and the lower bottom surface of the anti-climbing box respectively; annular manholes fitted with a ladder climbing cage are formed in the middles of the top cover and the bottom cover; a cover which is rotationally matched with each manhole is arranged on the manhole; the cover is welded and fixed on one side of each manhole by a hinge; a bolt is welded on the upper surface of the cover of the top cover and a bolt is welded on the upper surface of the cover of the bottom cover; and bolt locks are welded on the lower surfaces. The anti-climbing tower crane box has a simple structure and is convenient to use; under the condition that original hoisting work is not influenced, a phenomenon that a user climbs the tower crane without permission can be effectively avoided, and some tools which are used for daily repairing the tower crane also can be stored in the anti-climbing box; and the practicability is relatively strong, the transformation cost is low and the anti-climbing tower crane box is suitable for popularization.


Tailored pore size mesoporous silica, incorporating different concentrations of transition metal-based catalysts, has been used as platforms for the growth of carbon nanotubes by the chemical vapor deposition method. Thermogravimetric analysis alongside EDX/SEM was employed to characterize the samples prior to CNT growth. The CNTs produced were characterized using Raman Spectroscopy and HI RES SEM. Raman spectroscopy showed good quality highly graphitic CNTs whose diameters matched the corresponding pores of the matrices. The density of the CNTs was found to be high for higher metal concentrations for the same pore diameters. Fe and Co were found to be better catalysts for growth of CNTs than Ni.


Terrorist acts metamorphosed into an insurgency in Nigeria when the Boko Haram terrorist group ferociously challenged the territorial integrity of Nigeria and proclaimed authority over 14 local governments. Consequently, Nigeria orchestrates counterinsurgency strategy that incorporates her contiguous neighbors. It is against this background that this article interrogates the rise of insurgency in Nigeria and its influence on Nigeria's relations with her immediate neighbors. The article argues that the insurgent uprising reinvigorates rapprochement between Nigeria and the nearby states. It concludes that cooperation in this context for national security is inexorable for mutual survival.


This study evaluates the effects of insulin versus glibenclamide on lipoprotein metabolism at comparable levels of blood glucose control, in particular on the concentration and distribution of VLDL subfractions and lipolytic enzyme activities in nine NIDDM men (aged 56 ± 3 years, BMI 26.5 ± 0.9 kg/m2) (means ± SE) participating in a crossover study. After a 3-week washout period, patients were randomly assigned to 2-month treatment periods (insulin or glibenclamide); thereafter, each patient crossed to the other treatment. At the end of each period, mean daily blood glucose (MDBG), HbA1c, plasma lipids, lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL, HDL), lipoprotein subfractions (VLDL1, 2, 3; HDL2) HDL3), and post-heparin lipase activities (lipoprotein lipase [LPL], hepatic lipase [HL]) were evaluated. Although glucose control was similar at the end of both periods (MDBG 8.3 ± 0.3 vs. 7.9 ± 0.3 mmol/l HbA1c 7.4 ± 0.3 vs. 7.0 ± 0.2%, insulin versus glibenclamide), insulin compared with glibenclamide induced a significant reduction in plasma triglycerides (0.9 ± 0.1 vs. 1.1 ± 0.1 mmoH, P < 0.05), VLDL triglycerides (50.1 ± 12.2 vs. 63.6 ± 12.3 mg/dl, P < 0.02), VLDL1 lipid concentration (24.9 ± 7.5 vs. 39.9 ± 9.5 mg/dl, P < 0.006), and increased HDL2 cholesterol (25.2 ± 1.6 vs. 20.3 ± 1.3 mg/dl, P < 0.03). In terms of VLDL percentage subfraction distribution, with insulin, there was a decrease in the larger subfractions (VLDL1 26.5 ± 3.0 vs. 37.8 ± 3.4%, P < 0.02) and an increase in the smallest (VLDL3 47.3 ± 3.8 vs. 37.3 ± 3.3%, P < 0.05). Moreover, HL activity was significantly lower after insulin than after glibenclamide (HL 247.2 ± 22.3 vs. 263.5 ± 22.6 mU/ml, P < 0.05). In conclusion, compared with glibenclamide, insulin treatment (independent of variations in glucose control) is able to decrease significantly plasma triglycerides, to increase HDL2 cholesterol, and to reduce only the concentration of the larger VLDL subfractions, with a consequent redistribution of their profile.


This study examined where individuals expect specific web-related objects to be located on a typical web page. The web objects examined were: web page title, internal and external grouping of links, a link to the homepage, internal search engine, and advertisement banner(s). The results suggest that users do have definable expectations concerning the location of these web objects.


Recent airfoil data for both flight and wind-tunnel tests have been collected and correlated insofar as possible. The flight data consist largely of drag measurements made by the wake-survey method. Most of the data on airfoil section characteristics were obtained in the Langley two-dimensional low-turbulence pressure tunnel. Detail data necessary for the application of NACA 6-serles airfoils to wing design are presented in supplementary figures, together with recent data for the NACA 24-, 44-, and 230-series airfoils. The general methods used to derive the basic thickness forms for NACA 6- and 7-series airfoils and their corresponding pressure distributions are presented. Data and methods are given for rapidly obtaining the approximate pressure distributions for NACA four-digit, five-digit, 6-, and 7-series airfoils. The report includes an analysis of the lift, drag, pitching-moment, and critical-speed characteristics of the airfoils, together with a discussion of the effects of surface conditions. Available data on high-lift devices are presented. Problems associated with lateral-control devices, leading-edge air intakes, and interference are briefly discussed. The data indicate that the effects of surface condition on the lift and drag characteristics are at least as large as the effects of the airfoil shape and must be considered in airfoil selection and the prediction of wing characteristics. Airfoils permitting extensive laminar flow, such as the NACA 6-series airfoils, have much lower drag coefficients at high speed and cruising lift coefficients than earlier types-of airfoils if, and only if, the wing surfaces are sufficiently smooth and fair. The NACA 6-series airfoils also have favorable critical-speed characteristics and do not appear to present unusual problems associated with the application of high-lift and lateral-control devices. Much of the data given in the NACA Advance Confidential Report entitled "Preliminary Low-Drag-Airfoil and Flap Data from Tests at Large Reynolds Number and Low Turbulence," by Eastman N. Jacobs, Ira R. Abbott, and Milton Davidson, March 1942 has been corrected and included in the present paper, which supersedes the previously published paper.


Cinnamic acid is a phenolic compound that has the potential to act as a natural antioxidant. Cinnamic acid esterification can be performed by adding alcohol as an alkyl group donor. This esterification is carried out to increase the antioxidant capacity of cinnamic acid. Esterification of cinnamic acid with butanol as the alkyl group donor was the best condition to modify cinnamic acid. In this study, the synthesis of butyl cinnamate using a enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR) is carried out continuously with Lipozyme TL IM as the catalyst. This study aimed to determine the optimal conditions for the synthesis of butyl cinnamate using various concentrations of cinnamic acid, biocatalyst, residence time, and the presence of molecular sieves. The synthesis of butyl cinnamate at 40°C was optimum when molecular sieves were present with 0.01 M cinnamic acid concentration, 1% (w/v) biocatalyst, and 12 h of residence time.


Do children suffer long-term consequences when they grow up without a car? To answer that question, this article uses propensity score matching and longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Young adults who were carless as children completed less education, worked for pay less often, experienced more unemployment, and earned less than their matched peers with consistent car access. The matching process allows me to compare like to like; it accounts for differences in income, wealth, residential location, family composition, and race. These results suggest that transportation disadvantage contributes to the intergenerational transmission of economic standing.


One of the main causes of a limited use of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technologies in bridge deck assessment is the speed of data collection and analysis. The paper describes development and implementation of the RABIT (Robotics Assisted Bridge Inspection Tool) for data collection using multiple NDE technologies. The system is designed to characterize three most common deterioration types in concrete bridge decks: rebar corrosion, delamination, and concrete degradation. It implements four NDE technologies: electrical resistivity (ER), impact echo (IE), ground-penetrating radar (GPR), and ultrasonic surface waves (USW) method. The technologies are used in a complementary way to enhance the interpretation. In addition, the system utilizes advanced vision to complement traditional visual inspection. Finally, the RABIT collects data at a significantly higher speed than it is done using traditional NDE equipment. The robotic system is complemented by an advanced data interpretation. The associated platform for the enhanced interpretation of condition assessment in concrete bridge decks utilizes data integration, fusion, and deterioration and defect visualization. This paper concentrates on the validation and field implementation of two NDE technologies. The first one is IE used in the delamination detection and characterization, while the second one is the USW method used in the assessment of concrete quality. The validation of performance of the two methods was conducted on a 9 m long and 3.6 m wide fabricated bridge structure with numerous artificial defects embedded in the deck


Abstract Dated alluvial stratigraphies indicative of late Quaternary environmental change in the humid tropics have increased, but the database remains inadequate and the intensity and duration of wet-dry oscillations and responses of hillslopes and river systems remain poorly understood. Dry conditions at the Last Glacial Maximum were marked by semi-arid landforms with reduced stream activity. Large palaeofloods, valley-floor erosion, channel cutting and flood deposition occurred at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition after 13 000 BP. Distinctive floodplains and stratigraphies characterized by multiple shifts from lateral to vertical accretion were built initially over a period of nearly 2 ka after 9 500 BP during the early Holocene pluvial in Africa, Kalimantan and Amazonia during and after re-establishment of the lowland rainforests. Several wet-dry climatic oscillations followed in the mid-Holocene period and are marked by alluvial cut and fill sequences and by slightly thinner but coarse textured floodplain overbank sediments.


The simulation modeling of command and control(C2) entity's behavior is significant for the experiment evaluation of C2equipment simulation.A deep research on C2entity through the structure of C2 entity,entity's ability,entity's behavior and the relation between entity's ability and behavior are conducted,and then an algorithm of comprehensive situation commanding behavior is proposed,which realizes the quantitative expression of C2entity's behavior and effectively supportes the effectiveness evaluation of C2system based on simulation experiments.The credibility of simulation results of C2system is also improved.All these above have an important reference value in analysis and research of C2entity information superiority.


Background: Chronic inflammatory diseases are linked to an increased risk of atherothrombotic events, but the risk associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is controversial. We therefore examined the risk of and risk factors for myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in IBD patients. Methods: We used the public health administrative database from the Province of Quebec, Canada, to identify IBD patients newly diagnosed between 1996 and 2015. The incidence and prevalence of MI and stroke in IBD patients were compared to those for the Canadian population. Results: A cohort of 35,985 IBD patients was identified. The prevalence but not incidence rates of MI were higher in IBD patients (prevalence: 3.98%; incidence: 0.234) compared to the Canadian rates (prevalence: 2.0%; incidence: 0.220), while the prevalence and incidence rates of stroke were not significantly higher in the IBD patients (prevalence: 2.98%; incidence: 0.122, vs. Canadian rates: prevalence: 2.60%; incidence: 0.297). We identified age, female gender, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension (p < 0.001 for each) as significant risk factors associated with MI and stroke in IBD. Exposure to biologics was associated with a higher incidence of MI (IRR: 1.51; 95% CI: 0.82–2.76; p = 0.07) in the insured IBD population. Conclusions: An increased prevalence but not incidence of MI and no increased risk of stroke were identified in this population-based IBD cohort.


articletitle articles in Nature use these but Letters to the Editor do not. To control this behaviour, the boolean option articletitle is provided; this is set true as standard. Suggestions for improvement and bug reports can be logged in the package issue database, found at https://github.com/josephwright/biblatex-nature/ issues, or can be sent by e-mail to email@example.com.


Background Aortic stenosis (AS) leads to diffuse fibrosis in the myocardium, which is linked to adverse outcome. Myocardial T1 values change with tissue composition. Objective To test the hypothesis that our recently developed non-contrast cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) T1 mapping sequence could identify myocardial fibrosis without contrast agent. Design, setting and patients A prospective CMR non-contrast T1 mapping study of 109 patients with moderate and severe AS and 33 age- and gender-matched controls. Methods CMR at 1.5 T, including non-contrast T1 mapping using a shortened modified Look–Locker inversion recovery sequence, was carried out. Biopsy samples for histological assessment of collagen volume fraction (CVF%) were obtained in 19 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. Results There was a significant correlation between T1 values and CVF% (r=0.65, p=0.002). Mean T1 values were significantly longer in all groups with severe AS (972±33 ms in severe asymptomatic, 1014±38 ms in severe symptomatic) than in normal controls (944±16 ms) (p<0.05). The strongest associations with T1 values were for aortic valve area (r=−0.40, p=0.001) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (r=0.36, p=0.008), and these were the only independent predictors on multivariate analysis. Conclusions Non-contrast T1 values are increased in patients with severe AS and further increase in symptomatic compared with asymptomatic patients. T1 values lengthened with greater LVMI and correlated with the degree of biopsy-quantified fibrosis. This may provide a useful clinical assessment of diffuse myocardial fibrosis in the future.


Abstract Objective To identify pre-operative patient characteristics associated with early recovery of knee range of motion and ambulation without an assistive device after TKA. Design 95 subjects completed testing 2-4 weeks prior to surgery and 1 month after surgery. Binary logistic regression models were performed using patient's pre-operative measures to predict knee functional knee range of motion (ROM) and early independent mobility 1 month after TKA. Functional ROM was defined as active knee flexion ≥100° and Ext ≤5°. Independent mobility was defined as no need for an assistive device during the Six Minute Walk (6 MW) test. Nagelkerke's R2, and model and step significance were assessed. Results One month after surgery, 56 (58.9%) subjects did not have functional ROM. 75 (78.9%) subjects did not use an AD during the 6 MW. There were no significant predictors of early ROM recovery (R2=0.142, p-value = 0.06) or independent mobility (R2 N=0.138, p-value = 0.116). Conclusion Pre-operative measures were not predictive of early recovery rates one month after TKA, making pre-operative ROM and mobility risk stratification difficult. Future research should evaluate other factors, such as surgical pain and swelling, which may be better predictors of early outcomes after TKA.


Mettwurst and Bologna sausage were produced from pork using enzymatically modified gelatin (EMG-8), which had been produced with covalent attachment of L-leucine n-octyl ester. EMG-8 improved spreadability, smoothness and softness of the Mettwurst. With the addition of EMG-8, the texture of the Bologna sausage was kept soft over a 1 to 7 day period of storage at 4°C or 2 to 4 weeks of storage at -20°C. Microscopic observation showed that fat globules in the Bologna sausage produced with EMG-8 were more homogeneously distributed than those in a control Bologna sausage.


PURPOSE: A manufacturing device and a manufacturing method of a form resin steering wheel are provided to manufacture a steering wheel with uniform hardness even if foam resin is non-uniformly spread on the outer surface of a core. CONSTITUTION: A manufacturing device of a form resin steering wheel comprises a lower mold(10), an upper mold(20), a material injection unit(40), and a heating source supply unit. The bottom of a core(3) is inserted into the lower cavity of the lower mold, and the top is inserted into the upper cavity of the upper mold. A core insertion space(30) is formed by connecting the upper and lower cavities. The material injection unit injects a form resin material into the core insertion space. The heating source supply unit supplies a heating source for foaming the injected foam resin material.


Pull to side, Steering wheel misalignment and Drift leeward are handling anomalies affecting passenger cars travelling on straight paths. They represent a cost factor in the automotive industry, occurring in small but not negligible percentage of the overall car production. The present contribution is aimed at understanding which are their causes in terms of suspension tolerances, and at reducing their extent, in the specific case of vehicles with front Double wishbone suspension and rear Five arms suspension. The most influential parameters on handling irregularities have been identified through a design of experiment analysis. Then, after performing a sensitivity analysis by multibody virtual modelling, a correlation with experimental data from presetting and wheel aligner benches has provided sufficient information for setting tolerance thresholds, able to keep the handling anomalies under study within acceptable bounds. Pull to side and Steering wheel misalignment have been found to be mainly related to the set up phase of wheel angles (front camber angles influencing Pull to side, front and rear toe angles influencing Steering wheel misalignment), while the main cause of Drift leeward has been identified with (rear) ride steer.


To determine the modulation transfer function requirements for optical systems used in reproducing typewritten documents, sample reproductions were made with apparatus set for different modulation transfer functions in the negative-to-positive steps of the reproduction system. The ninety-six samples were presented in random order to thirty evaluators, who were asked to rate them as acceptable or not acceptable, in order to establish the relationship between objective and subjective image quality. Data are given showing the influence of negative-to-positive image quality degradation on the acceptability of document reproductions.


Aim:  To determine the constellation of lifestyle and demographic factors that are associated with poor mental health in an adolescent population.


FIELD: transport. SUBSTANCE: transfer box consists of casing 1, primary shaft 2 linked with first driven axle to drive the latter, controlled friction clutch 4 and gear 6, 7, 8 to drive second driven axle. Controlled friction clutch 4 is driven by two central pressure rings 15, 16 that revolve relative to each other and comprises shears levers 19, 20 with their outer ends displacing along control path. Control paths are made on control cam 25 that features two displaced work surfaces 35, 36. Control cam 25 can revolve about the axis parallel to that of primary shaft 2. Said control cam 25 is fitted on second gear wheel 7 or it shaft 9 to run thereon. EFFECT: compact design and efficient operation. 4 cl, 3 dwg


This integrative review has the objective of analyze the way marital infidelity phenomenon has been investigated on the national scientific scenario. The articles were selected by the use of descriptors: infidelity and betrayal on the Virtual Health Library (BVS Psi-Brasil), resulting on 207 articles, given that 136 articles fled from the suggested analyses theme, 34 duplicated, 23 international publications and one article available for download, involving a total of 13 eligible articles for analysis. These were grouped according to the themes proximities; Considerations on the infidelity; Relations and questions of gender; Infidelity and other phenomena; Infidelity and possible consequences; The infidelity and the concept of the liquid Relations. It should be noted that the theme is little investigated, the analyzed publications discuss more about causes, impacts and liked phenomena, especially the emerging questions of the contemporary scenario, as the debate on its news relational configurations and the concept of liquidity postulated by Bauman (2004).


Stable distributions are a class of probability distributions that have many useful mathematical properties such as skewness and heavy tails. They have been used as a model for different types of physical and economic systems. In practice it has been difficult to use stable distributions due to the fact that the densities and distribution functions have closed formulas only in specific cases (Gaussian, Cauchy and Levy). However, thanks to recent reliable computer programs, it is possible to compute stable densities, distribution functions and quantiles. The focus of this paper will be the Stable Limit Theorem. In the course of this paper, we will try to rewrite the proof written by William Feller [1] and add certain details that were omitted in his book. Afterwards, we will give some examples where the Stable Limit Theorem can be applied.


MELCOE at Macquarie University is well known for its work on the MAMS and Australian Access Federation (AAF) projects; but it also provides eResearch support in a number of other areas. (1) ASKOSS is the Australian Service for Knowledge of Open Source Software it provides a national advisory service on open source issues for the Australian higher education and research sector. (2) DRAMA is implementing a flexible authentication and authorisation framework for repositories (using Fedora as a case study), including linkages with the AAF to form a trust fabric for data sharing. (3) RAMS is a new generation of workflow system for team-based research collaboration, including a visual drag-and-drop authoring environment for workflow creation. This presentation will provide an overview of each of these MELCOE activities.


In recent years,with the rapid development of cloud computing technology,the traditional data center networks in terms of scale,broadband,scalability and cost a lot deficiencies,already can not adapt to the new situation of the application requirements.Under the new situation need high scalability,low cost and energy saving requirements,in order to meet these requirements,especially under the condition of the development of power industry,the development of cloud computing technology and service model proposed new standard,this paper tries to construct a low cost,strong flexibility and high connectivity of tree center network system,improving the efficiency of the company,save operation costs,make the company have a quality.


In this paper, the replica strategies are discussed, including Dynamic read-only Replication Strategies and Dynamic read/write Replication Strategy. Dynamic Replication Strategies can reduce bandwidth consumption and access latency in accessing the huge amounts of data. The Dynamic read/write Replication Strategy named as "Fast Upload" is proposed. Fast Upload enables updating while data transporting, and the replica lock mechanism ensures the consistency of the data source and different replica.


C-holomorphic functions defined on algebraic sets and having algebraic graphs can be considered as a complex counterpart of regulous functions introduced recently in real geometry. This note is a part of our study on the subject; we prove herein some effective Nullstellensatze.


With the rapid development of power systems, greater demands have been put on the physical properties of insulating materials. Doping with functional nanomaterials is an effective method to modify such materials. In this work, epoxy resin is doped with graphene oxide at different concentrations by molecular dynamics simulation. After doping, the relative permittivity, thermal expansion coefficient, molecular chain segment motion, and free volume ratio of the system is decreased, and the thermal conductivity, Young's modulus, bulk modulus, and shear modulus are enhanced; changes in glass transition temperature are negligible. Doping with graphene oxide improves the thermal and mechanical properties, and this improvement increases with increasing dopant amount. However, when dopant concentration is too high, agglomeration occurs, which hinders insulation performance. Therefore, the optimum doping concentration is the highest at which no agglomeration occurs. This paper provides guidance for the future modification of insulating materials.


The study focused on the contribution of urban agriculture to the livelihood of 107 respondents in Kwara State of Nigeria. The study employed structured questionnaire to collect relevant data for the study while descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution and percentage were employed to analyses the objectives. Most respondents (82.9%), were one time or the other in a married state and they had formal education (80.4%) while many of the lot (58.9%) had superior education ranging from OND to Ph.D level. These farmers were either retired government workers or those trying to argument their family income or trying to be food sufficient. Most of the respondents (77.4%) had a farm size of less than or equal to 3 hectares showing that most the urban farmers were smallholders which might be as a result of stiff completion for land resource. Most of the respondents had a relatively large family size of 6 and above members. Most respondents used family labor (59.8%). Respondents in the study area also made use of the cooperatives and daily contributions for loanable funds, while few respondents utilized the formal sector. .Urban agriculture accounted for 84.4% of the Livelihood outcomes of the respondents. While non-farming activities contributed 17.6%.Most of the respondents (31.8%) participated in non-farming activities to generate extra income while their major constraints were shortage of land both in term of access and tenure (34.1%), limited access to resource and agricultural inputs (29.3%), and prohibitive urban policies and regulation (23.2%).

https://iiardjournals.org/get/IJEFM/VOL. 7 NO. 4 2022/CONTRIBUTION OF URBAN AGRICULTURE.pdf


Mischelle is currently an Assistant Professor of Justice Sciences at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB). She is also the Director of Instructional Technology and has responsibility for assisting other faculty in the development and delivery of their online courses. She obtained her PhD from the School of Criminal Justice at Michigan State University. Prior to returning to school to work on her doctorate, she worked in the fields of mental health, substance abuse, and juvenile justice. She also worked in adult probation. For most of the twenty-five years she worked in these fields, she also taught at various colleges and universities as an adjunct instructor. She has been licensed for the past six years as a Private Investigator. She specializes in child custody and medical fraud cases. She began flying lessons earlier this year in an attempt to obtain her pilot's license for single engine aircraft. She hopes to be able to combine her passion for flying with some aspect of security in the near future.


The present invention relates to a liquid crystal medium containing component A which is dielectrically strong positive. Component A comprises a compound of formula (I) 1 or more kinds, the symbols have the meanings given in the text. The present invention also relates to the compounds and mesogenic mixtures or liquid crystal mixtures comprising these compounds.