In our recent report associating community demographics and tobacco outlet density in Erie County, New York,1 we stated that no other studies had been performed examining this topic. After our original submission date, work was published by Laws et al,2 who found that the percentage of all businesses that sold tobacco in 10 Massachusetts neighborhoods was strongly inversely correlated with the average per capita income of those neighborhoods and that the resident populations of the lower-income neighborhoods were predominantly African American or Latino. Therefore, by the publication date of our report, our statement was no longer correct, and the work of Laws et al should be recognized.

The important point is not whose paper was published first, but rather that 2 independent studies found similar results. There seems to be little dispute over the observation that tobacco-selling retail outlets are disproportionately located in poor neighborhoods. The implication for public health is that zoning rules to limit the proliferation of tobacco outlets to eliminate this disparity should be seriously considered.


A brief description of facility design and equipment, facility usage, and typical investigations are presented for the following: Surface Inspection Facility; Advanced Computer Tomography Inspection Station (ACTIS); NDE Data Evaluation Facility; Thermographic Test Development Facility; Radiographic Test Facility; Realtime Radiographic Test Facility; Eddy Current Research Facility; Acoustic Emission Monitoring System; Advanced Ultrasonic Test Station (AUTS); Ultrasonic Test Facility; and Computer Controlled Scanning (CONSCAN) System.


In this paper, we present two novel hash-based indexing structures, based on Bloom filters, called breadth and depth Bloom filters, which in contrast to traditional hash based indexes, are able to represent hierarchical data and support path expression queries. We describe how these structures can be used for resource discovery in peer-to-peer networks. We have implemented both structures and our experiments show that they both outperform the traditional Bloom filters in discovering the appropriate resources.


line 21: "BrC is an important component of.." should be something like "BrC is an important contributor to.." The text has been changed. p. 5962 line 6: there are many more studies that have investigated light absorbing OA – add e.g. to the reference list. The text has been changed. Paragraph starting p. 5962 line 26: the authors dismiss online optical instruments as a means to quantify BrC absorption, stating mixing with BC as a major issue. It's true that mixing with BC poses difficulties, but there have been attempts to decouple the effects of BC absorption (including enhancement due to internal mixing – lensing) and BrC absorption by integrating measurements with Mie theory calculations (e.g. Lack et al., 2012; Saleh et al., 2014). These methods should be acknowledged. Then they present offline measurements of OA extracts as the better alternative, which can be argued, but is not necessarily the case. These too suffer from issues, the most obvious being extraction efficiency. This should also be acknowledged. We have modified the text to acknowledge those attempts. And for the offline measurements of extracts, we've added one sentence to discuss the extraction efficiency, as: "Studies have shown that >85% of the organic aerosols could be extracted by methanol (e.g., Chen and Bond, 2010; Du et al., 2015, in prep.)". Chen, Y. and T. C. Bond (2010). "Light absorption by organic carbon from wood combustion." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10(4): 1773-1787. Du et al., (2015), Optical properties of Beijing carbonaceous aerosol by the stepwise-extraction thermal– optical-transmittance (SE-TOT) method, in prep. p. 5970 line 23: it's not clear how the conclusion that "water-soluble faction in the background troposphere could be more strongly related to primary emissions and possibly linked to aged biomass burning" follows from the data. The conclusion comes from the stronger correlation between H2O_Abs(365) and acetonitrile, the latter has been considered as an indicator for biomass burning (e.g., de Gouw et al., 2003). de Gouw, J.A., C. Warneke, D.D. Parrish, J.S. Holloway, M. Trainer, and F.C. Fehsenfeld (2003a), Emission sources and ocean uptake of acetonitrile (CH3CN) in the atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 108 (D11), 4329, doi: 10.1029/2002JD002897. p. 5970 line 26: I don't see a reason to jump to the conclusion that there used to be BrC but got photobleached. The more straightforward conclusion is that there was not much BrC to begin with. We believe that photobleaching is a very reasonable explanation for our observation of decreasing correlations between BB tracers and BrC absorption. Note that total_Abs(365) is the sum of water-soluble and methanol extractable solution absorption. We have identified water-soluble Abs(365) to be linked with primary emission markers such as BC and acetonitrile. The lack of correlation for total_Abs(365) in background air must be due to some secondary process. Bleaching certainly explains these observations. p. 5972 line 5-10: the difference between PSAP_abs 365 and 660 50% mark is too small to support the conclusion that the authors make on the relative wavelength dependence of BrC vs BC absorption. In fact, from Figure 3, the 50% mark for 365 is closer to 4.2 km (the authors say 4.5 km in the text). The plot was not reproduced accurately. If we draw the 50% line of bap,PSAP (365) more carefully (see the plot below), it is 4.5 km, not 4.2 km. And we can also see the difference between bap,PSAP (365) and bap,PSAP (660) vertical profiles. Reword section 3.5 title: BrC is a component of light absorbing aerosols. Reword from Absorption Ångström Exponents for BrC and light absorbing aerosols to Absorption Ångström Exponents for BrC and bulk light absorbing aerosols Reword section 3.6 title: you don't compare BC to BrC, but compare certain properties of the two (mass, absorption, etc.)


The quality of products and the technology level of mechatronics symbolize the national power and international status of a country.The cultivation of mechanical and electronic compound talents is the key to the realization of high quality and technology.The establishment of the course of mechanical and electrical drive sets up a new curriculum system.To acquire satisfactory teaching effect and promote the combination of mechanism and electricity,students' application ability of synthesized motor and control technique should be trained.Some helpful investigations of the teaching mode,teaching content,teaching method,and experimental design are conducted.A step motor teaching example is given.These experiences may provide some good reference value for the improvement of the teaching quality of the course of mechanical and electrical drive.


. Due to the significant role of macrophytes in the functioning of lake ecosystems studies have been undertaken to examine whether mutual dependence is present within emergent, floating-leaved, and submerged aquatic macrophytes. The study included 5 small lakes from Polesie Lubelskie region. The research included: qualitative analysis of macrophytes (area occupied by macrophytes, composition, range of individual plant groups of occurrence), quantitative analysis of macrophytes (biomass of macrophytes inhabiting the lake), analysis of distribution as well as characteristics diversity of shoreline and surrounding land use. Because of differences in the environmental conditions, mostly light availability, usage of buffer zone, among the three macrophyte groups, changes in biomass were analyzed in this work suggests that complementarity not competition drive the community. This phenomenon seems to occur only in macrophyte lakes where all three groups are present and the surrounding buffer zones remain natural. In lakes where one of the three groups of macrophytes were missing, it is likely that the ecological roles are fulfilled by other plant groups, such as phytoplankton. The studied lakes represent both phytoplanton and macrophyte type of lakes.


The present building of college convention center posing the problem of improper ventilated and heated atmosphere in most of its parts during large gathering programs. Major part of the building exposed to the sun the roof being heated throughout the day. The additional heat gain is adding up from occupants, light appliances etc. Since there is no provision for the exhaust, it is posing the problem of heated air inside the building. Making the people sweat and suffocate due to lack of fresh or sufficient air circulation. Looking at the climatic zone and the use of convention center for few hours in a day over few days in a year. This paper includes inspection and evaluation of convention center building for establishing balanced thermal atmosphere and improving air quality that satisfies the majority of occupants. Different techniques and methods of building cooling like air cooler and wind turbo rooftop air ventilators are considered. It is proposed to go for low cost natural rooftop ventilation supplemented with additional fans or air coolers at strategic points for improved ventilation and thermal comfort for occupants. Following the concepts of passive cooling techniques or adopting retrofits reduces heat generation and energy consumption.


Aim of study: The purpose of this in vitro study to evaluate and compare the effect of the Locator attachment with different retentive inserts on the stresses around implant retained mandibular overdenture. Material and Methods: This study was carried out on clear acrylic resin model representing mandibular completely edentulous with Two dummy implants were inserted bilaterally in canine region in each model using consecutive drilling procedure. Then the ridge was covered by auto-polymerzied soft liner material. Locator abutments were secured to dummy implants. Each model was duplicated with dental stone and two overdentures were prepared. According to the different retentive insert two groups were studied Group I clear nylon insert. GroupII orange nylon insert each group with 1mm height. Each implant was received four strain gauges to measure the axial strain around the implants by used universal testing machine with biting force (70 Newton). Data was collected and statistically analysis. Result: Bilateral loaded gives the least values with orange nylon inserts as it was (28.13), in contrast with clear nylon inserts gives the highest stress as it was (55.12). Conclusion: Within the limitation of this in vitro study orange nylon insert gives the least stress value around implants. Key word: Overdentur, implants, Locator attachment, stress analysis Effect of Locator Abutment with different Retentive Inserts on Stresses around Implant Retained mandibular Overdenture (Invitro study) Mansoura Journal of Dentistry2019;6(21):22-24. 23 Hassan Badereldin Results: Bilateral loading Table 1 Descriptive statistics of different groups during bilateral loading Group inserts Mean Std. Devi 1mm clear 55.12 26.18


It is currently a hot research topic that how to design an effective over-complete dictionary matching various geometric structures of images to provide sparse representation of images. A multi-component Gabor perception dictionary matching various image structures is constructed in terms of geometric properties of the local structures and the perception character of HVS. Furthermore, an effective algorithm based on the matching pursuit method is proposed to obtain sparse decomposition of images with our dictionary. The experimental results indicate that the Gabor multi-component perception dictionary can adaptively provide a precise and complete characterization of local geometry structures, such as plain, edge and texture in images. In comparison with the anisotropic refinement-Gaussian (AR-Gauss) mixed dictionary, our dictionary has a much sparser representation of images.


A new category of the compensatory eyecup movement is found in crayfish. The compensatory rotation of the eyecup around its longitudinal axis is induced by geotactic and/or optokinetic stimuli. Geotactically controlled compensation is mediated through the statocyst, and the compensatory process in full 360 turn of the body is characterized by four distinct consecuitive phases: 1) positive compensation of high gain, 2) null compensation, 3) negative compensation for recovery, and 4) positive compensation of low gain. A large hysteresis is also observed. The eyecup will take quite different positions at the same body position depending on the direction of approach. In ordinary condition, the geotactic and optokinetic factors are found to operate synergetically to maintain the dorsoventral axis of the receptive visual surface parallel to the gravitational vertical. The gains of the two systems are separately measured experimentally as well as the gains in synergetic and antagonistic cases. A model of control system is proposed to describe the contribution of the two systems. The model well predicts the responses measured in the present experiment.


Compositions and methods for diagnosing lung cancer are disclosed. Such methods, in order to detect early tumors, or are useful for providing a suitable stage / grading information or tumor specificity. The composition may comprise one or more lung tumor proteins, immunogenic portions thereof or polynucleotides encoding such portions. Such a composition, for example in order to improve the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer, and can be used to potentially identify the NSCLC and SCLC.


The ophthalmic literature of the last thirty years contains occasional references to a rare ocular disease characterized by the presence of fairly well-defined opacities situated in the central portion of the cornea. These opacities vary in size and contour and lie in the otherwise relatively clear tissue. The condition was not recognized as a distinct malady until Groenouw, in 1890, 1 and again in 1898, 2 made it the subject of clinical investigation and pathologic study. Since then a number of observers have dealt with the condition and a few have subjected the diseased tissue to histologic examination. Groenouw states that nodular opacity of the cornea begins with slight inflammatory signs, which are often so insignificant as to escape the notice of the patient. It attacks both eyes and is distinguished by the appearance of numerous, small, roundish or irregular, gray discrete opacities in the otherwise relatively clear corneal tissue. The larger


that time one of us has had an opportunity to examine a copy of Piscicelli's book, which is in the Library of Congress, Washington, D. C., U.S.A. We think it will be useful now to publish a short discussion of the work and to list the species illustrated in it. Piscicelli's book is divided into three parts entitled as follows: I, "Le Sorgenti del Congo"; II, "Le Sorgenti del Nilo"; and III, "Alle falde dell' Altipiano Abissinico". Each section is again divided according to geographic regions. In the first, the three regions discussed are: (1) Lake Banguelo, (2) Lake Kivu, and (3) Lake Tanganyica. Only under the first and third of these are descriptions and illustrations of new species of plants found. In the second part four regions are discussed and only under the first are new species of plants described and illustrated. The regions are: (1) Ruanda, (2) Lake AlbertEdouard, (3) Lake Albert, and (4) Lake Victoria Nianza. In the third part in which the "Altipiano Abissinico" is discussed there are also descriptions of new species with an illustration for each.


Johann Nikolaus Tetens published in 1777 his Philosophical Enquiries on human nature and its development. In this monumental work, it is easy to recognize the conceptual knots and the questions that had been rapidly arising as a consequence of a wider and deeper scientific knowledge and that remained decisive for more than a generation of scientists and thinkers. Since the very beginning, Tetens explicitly challenges the most relevant and influential position of his time. In particular, anticipating the close confrontation with Bonnet, that he considers a focus point of his research, he acknowledges that the development of the essence of the soul, as well as of the series of ideas, the implementation of the whole system of thoughts and the origin of capacities are all something physical in the brain and trigger therefore the question whether or not they should be considered as a process analogous to the development and growth of organized bodies. An enquiry on human nature cannot but end as an enquiry on freedom, i.e. on the capacity of the soul to be the active, autonomous and sufficient cause of action, even if this causality implies the capacity to contrast all sensations and representations that affect the soul itself, the capacity to fight them down and, in the end, to eliminate their effects 1 .


Coupled Alfven waves propagating along a quadrupole magnetic field are studied. It is shown analytically that slow and fast Alfven waves mode couple due to the spatial modulation of the quadrupole magnetic field, and one Alfven mode can convert to another one. The process is analogous to a resonant parametric mode coupling. The coupling coefficient depends on the ellipticity of the flux surface and vanishes when the magnetic field is axisymmetric.


It is a fuel supply system for sending fuel disclosed, for example a common rail of a fuel injection system for a diesel engine. The fuel supply system has a priming pump, a feed pump, a downstream of the feed pump arranged fuel filter, a return path and a return valve. When the pressure of the fuel between the feed pump and the fuel filter exceeds a first set, then the return valve is placed in a first open position, to open the return path for returning the fuel from downstream to upstream of the feed pump. When the pressure of the conveyed by the priming pump fuel exceeds a second set pressure, then the return valve is brought into a second open position, to open the feedback path, so that the delivered by the priming pump, fuel is directed to the upstream side of the fuel filter to the fuel filter directly to stuff.


Introduction: Background: Methods: Results: Discussion: The final assessment document requires only a 'meets expectations' or 'below expectations' tick from the tutor across 11 attributes. The efficacy and practical value of this tool will only be determined with use, and further research to determine how effective it is. The definitions of required attributes together with the presence or absence of their corresponding behaviour would be indicated in a simple table that could be used in a wide variety of educational settings. An initial faculty-wide consultation meeting in 2007 produced a list of 29 attributes for PAHS graduates. In 2008, the newly formed Medical Education Unit was given the task of refining them into a workable list that could be realistically assessed. This produced a list of 12 attributes together with their operational definitions. Professionalism is an increasingly important topic in medical education today and a number of studies have described ways of defining and measuring professional attributes in Western medical graduates. No such studies can be found in any Asian medical schools. Patan Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS) is a new medical school that specialises in specifically training doctors for service in the rural areas of Nepal. The trainee doctors' values are consistent with sustainable improvements in the health of poor and marginalized people. This new faculty is engaged in a collaborative exercise to define professional attributes that are required of new graduates and to design a simple assessment tool to measure themselves.


http://www.sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1757975916637811 http://ghp.sagepub.com In this supplement issue of Global Health Promotion, the 11 papers that follow provide rich insights into how health-promoting settings have been envisioned, created and sustained, both in Taiwan and around the world. In this editorial, I consider the international papers, which span a diversity of settings including cities, universities, prisons and sports clubs. Focusing on universities, both Suarez Reyes and Van den Broucke (1) and Newton, Dooris and Wills (2) suggest that higher education institutions are important settings not only because they represent contexts populated by large numbers of students and staff, but also because they play a fundamental role in shaping society and generate graduates who will be tomorrow's decision-makers. The former paper presents a systematic review exploring how the approach has been implemented in culturally different contexts, whereas the latter draws on instrumental case study research in two UK higher education institutions to explore how the concept of a healthy university has been operationalised. Baybutt and Chemlal (3) explore the concept of a health-promoting prison, noting that this setting offers a valuable opportunity to tackle health inequalities and social exclusion through investing in the health of disadvantaged and marginalised populations. Reporting on doctoral research and informed by English and French experiences using horticulture and nature-oriented interventions, their paper highlights the potential to achieve positive health and justice impacts. Shifting the lens to a less formal setting, Kokko and colleagues (4) focus on health-promoting sports clubs, reviewing international research and drawing together findings informed by examples from Australia, Belgium, Finland, Ireland and Sweden. They identify two key research themes: activity-related research, concerned with investment in health promotion policy and practice by sports clubs and/or national sports organisations; and networking-related research, concerned with forging wider partnerships. In their commentary, Rice and Hancock (5) broaden the focus to consider cities. They examine urban settings as places of equitable and sustainable action before exploring the implications for governance – calling for local government leadership balanced by an expanded vision of participatory and collaborative processes. Patrick, Dooris and Poland (6) continue this focus on settlements, but turn their attention to two dynamic yet contrasting movements. Having outlined the urgent challenges of ecological degradation, climate change and resource depletion that face humanity and the planet – and questioned the degree to which health promotion has meaningfully engaged with these issues – they compare Healthy Cities and the Transition movement and conclude by proposing ways forward. As well as presenting tangible examples of innovative action, these articles and commentaries explore a range of emergent themes and challenges relevant to the future development of healthpromoting settings, reflecting priorities discussed elsewhere in the literature (7−11). First, a number of the papers highlight the importance of practice and research taking into account the particular culture and context of a specific setting and focusing on that setting's core business. Suarez Reyes and Van den Broucke (1) suggest that few health-promoting university programmes have been tailored to take account of deep cultural factors such as history, religion and social context; Baybutt and Chemlal (3) argue that effective application of a whole-system approach within the justice context requires a healthpromoting prison to be safe, secure and reforming and underpinned by a commitment to human rights, 637811PED0010.1177/1757975916637811M. DoorisEditorial research-article2016


The main source of vibration in the engine piston is the work of the piston – crank, and swapping reciprocating motion to the rotary motion. In this paper are described among others the crankshaft vibration which result in the occurrence of cyclic forces such as forces pressure of gas and inertia forces. In addition were made the analysis of longitudinal vibration of the crankshaft, which are these vibrations are an important problem in high-power vessels' engines. Regardless of the dynamic system in which the engine is running the greatest threat for crankshaft are the torsional vibrations. The possibilities of vibration damping of the crankshaft in the engine also were discussed. Introduction The main source of vibration in the engine piston is the work of the piston – crank, and more specifically, swapping reciprocating motion to the rotary motion. As we know all solutions of reciprocating internal combustion engines regardless of the number and manner of the spatial distribution of the cylinders rotation of gain through the piston crank mechanism. Kinetic analysis of the crankshaft can be accomplished by replacing the actual arrangement diagram shown in figure 1. The basic geometrical quantities characterizing this pattern include [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]:  connecting rod length l = AB (measured from the axis of the piston pin to the axis of crankpin);  radius of crank throws r = BO = S/2;  piston stroke S (measured between the nonreturn piston TDC positions and DMP);  the ratio of the radius of the crank, the crank length  = r/l. Depending on the type of engine used in vessels  is as follows:         5 1 2 . 4 1  – low-speed engine;         4 1 5 . 3 1  – high-speed engine. Fig. 1. Diagram of simple crankshaft system [6]


The purpose of determining the relative importance of predictors is to expose the extent of the individual contribution of a predictor in the presence of other predictors within a selected model. The goal of this article is to expand the current research practice by developing a statistical paired comparison model with Two Sided Power (TSP) link function in the Bayesian framework to evaluate the relative importance of each predictor in a multiple regression model. Results from simulation studies and empirical example reveal that the proposed Two Sided Power link function provides similar conclusions as the commonly used logit link function, but has more advantages from both practical and computational perspectives.


In the study of pre-Lie algebras, the concept of pre-morphism arises naturally as a generalization of the standard notion of morphism. Pre-morphisms can be defined for arbitrary (not-necessarily associative) algebras over any commutative ring $k$ with identity, and can be dualized in various ways to generalized morphisms (related to pre-Jordan algebras) and anti-pre-morphisms (related to anti-pre-Lie algebras). We consider idempotent pre-endomorphisms (generalized endomorphisms, anti-pre-endomorphisms). Idempotent pre-endomorphisms are related to semidirect-product decompositions of the sub-adjacent anticommutative algebra.


FEMINIST COMMENTATORS ON LANGUAGE have noted in many contexts that the world has been "named" from a male and male-dominant perspective and that lexicogrammatical features in languages often reveal important underlying cultural (male) assumptions. Some feminists, following the theories of Benjamin Lee Whorf, believe these features are not simply reflections of a prior social reality but mechanisms whereby that reality is continually naturalized and reproduced (Spender 1980; Elgin 1985). In a well-known application of this general thesis, Schulz (1975) and Stanley (1977) have examined from a historical perspective the elaboration of the English lexicon in the area of terms denoting women as prostitutes. They argue that the existence of a very large number of items in this lexicon indicates the cultural salience of the equation "woman = prostitute," while the insulting or dysphemistic character of many items bears witness to (and reinforces) the culture's negative attitudes to women and to sex.


Objective To study the change of serum IL-18 level at the early postburn period in moderately burned patients.Methods Serum IL-18,IL-6 and TNF-α levels of 8 moderately burned patients and 8 healthy controls were tested with ELISA method.Results A marked increase in serum levels of IL-18 as well as the other cytokines evaluation was observed in the moderately burned patients.These three parameters were highly correlated with each other (r0.9 and P0.001).Conclusion Burn can increase expression of IL218 in body,and the role of IL-18 in the pathophysiology of postburn period needs future studies.


Identification of Factors Affecting Asparagus Farmer's Income (Case On Kelompok Tani Mertanadi at Pelaga Village, Badung Regency) Asparagus is one of the horticultural products that has high sales value. MertanadiVegetables Farmer group is a group of farmers who produce asparagus in Bali. Thepurpose of this study was to determine the factors of production that have an impacton farmer's income. Data collection for this study was conducted from May to June2016 with accidental sampling method. PLS path modeling is used to analyze theinfluence of production factors on income. Results showed some of the factors ofproduction such as chicken manure, cow manure, NPK fertilizer, and urea fertilizerhas effect on revenue. All factors of production are reflected through latent variablesfertilizers and chemicals, with t-statistics value of 5.625 at 5% significance level andalso with f2 value of 0.552 in the model. Other factors of production used as anindicator obtained did not have a significant effect on revenue. Suggestion can begiven based on this research to farmers is to optimize the use of fertilizers and drugsin the production process by taking into account the costs required. Government isexpected to support the farmers with price support policies. Further research isexpected to do research with indicators relating to cost with more indicators and alarger sample.


An optical body made of foldable material, intraocular lens having at least two haptics which are optical body integrally formed. Optical body is an optical element having a refractive power, includes a arranged a transition region over the entire circumference of the optical element, and a support portion disposed on at least a portion of the transition region, the thickness of the support portions of the transition region greater than the thickness. Transition region conveniently has a thickness of between at least about 0.07mm to about 0.40 mm.


A group of mixed-tris chelates of osmium(II), (III) and (IV) of the general formula [OsL'L 2 ] z + [L' = N-((pyridin-2-yl)formylidene)aniline (pfan) or N-((pyridin-2-yl)benzylidene)aniline (pban); L = 2,2'-bipyridyl (bipy), 2-(m-tolylazo)pyridine (tapy) or quinolin-8-olate (oxin); z = 1-3] have been prepared, isolated as their perchlorates and characterised by physicochemical, magnetic and spectroscopic methods. The complexes exhibit several spin-allowed and spin-forbidden charge-transfer transitions in the 1000-200 nm region. In MeCN solutions the chelates display osmium(IV)-osmium(III) and osmium(III)-osmium(II) couples in the range -0.4 to 1.6 V vs SCE. The stability of metal oxidation levels is discussed in terms of the electrochemical results and correlated to the π-acceptor properties of these ligands. On the negative side of SCE, successive ligand reductions in bipy/tapy complexes are observed involving diimine (-N=C-C=N-)/ azoimine (-N=N-C=N-) group.


The Synthesis and Characterization of Thermotropic Compounds for RIM-Type Polymers (September 1982) Hiroshi Hoshino, B.S., Kyoto University, M.S., Kyoto University, M.S., University of Massachusetts Directed by: Professor R. W. Lenz Several hydroxy-terminated, low molecular weight polymers were reacted to form esters bearing mesogenic endgroups. The effect of the different repeating unit structures with a common mesogenic unit based on an oxybenzoylterephthalate dyad ester on the formation and properties of liquid crystals was studied by microscopic and thermal analysis techniques. The polymeric glycols used were polyethylene glycols (PEG), polytetramethyl ene glycols (PTMG), polybutadiene glycol (PB), and hydrogenated polybutadiene glycol (HPB) with molecular weight of 650 ^ 6000, in addition to 1 ,12-dodecanediol for the model compound. Conversion of the mesogenic dyad ester to a dyad containing a carboxylic acid group was shown to permit mesophase formation over a wide temperature range. The HPB product of this series was found to be a liquid crystalline elastomer with a low viscosity above the melting point, and with film forming ability. On examining the effect of endgroups on physical properties, it was found that both the length


Objective:To explore the causes,diagnosis and treatment of massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage after gastric resection.Methods: The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed in 23 cases with massive upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage after gastrectomy during Jan.2006 and Dec.2010.Results: Of the total 23 cases,10 received emergency gastroscopic examination,4 underwent superselective angiography and 1 was confirmed by exploratory laparotomy.Six patients were managed by surgical procedure and 4,by superselective emblozation.Seventeen were cured(73.9%)and 6 were dead(26.1%).Conclusions Superselective angiography and gastoscopy are effectively to identify the region and causes of hemorrhage,and right surgical intervention is essential to prevent rehemorrhage.


To provide a reliable service, the power system must remain intact and able to cope with various problems that may occur. In this study discussed on Power Transformer Reliability Analysis Method Using Weibull distribution based on the value of the MTTF. Weibull statistics have been widely used as a mathematical method for calculating failure rate, reliability, and predict the remaining life time of equipment. From the calculation, the parameter value is 1.8402 shape and scale parameter value is 1.1711. MTTF value of 0.3597 years, the uptime value of 2.6402 years, reliability value of 0.8800.


Herein, the compression garment comprises a bladder having a reduced expansion volume available is disclosed. Connector element to be located within the inflatable chamber of the bladder to limit the expansion of the bladder in order to limit the volume of fluid required to completely swell or expand the bladder. The controller thereby expand and contract the expansible chamber so as to impart a pressure to the body part to be treated garment is worn. The reduced expansion volume of the expansible chamber to reduce the requirement for a pump controller.


This paper gives a first presentation of an AlGaN/GaN high electron-mobility varactor grown on a high resistivity silicon substrate. The technology is compared to a GaN on silicon carbide technology and the devices are characterized by fitting a large-signal model. Compared to GaN on SiC varactors a similar performance is achieved. Only slightly increased losses due to higher sheet and contact resistance lower the Q-factor of the GaN on Si varactor.


The aim of this research is to manage the precise and rhythmic movements of a bipedal robot with a compass configuration as it undergoes a passive dynamic walk. To approximate the walking pattern of a biped robot, we implement an impulsive hybrid nonlinear system. To start with, we showcase the fact that a passive walk by a bipedal compass robot can exhibit unexpected behaviors like bifurcations and chaos with the aid of bifurcation diagrams. In order to suppress such complex nonlinear tendencies, we resort to two methods for regulating the bipedal compass-type robot and achieving a one-periodic gait. The control approach used in this study is based on the passive dynamic walking of the biped robot, and the objective is to follow the trajectory of the period-1 passive movement during the swing phase.


1. Dreyfuss AI,Clark JK,Norris CM et al: Docetaxel, an active drug for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. J Clin Oncol14: 1672-1678, 1996. 2. Couteau C, Leyvraz S, Oulid-Aissa D et al: A phase II study of docetaxel in patients with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Br J Cancer 81: 457-462, 1999. 3. Ebibara S, Fujii H, Sasaki Y et al: A late phase II study of docetaxel in patients with head and neck cancer. Proc ASCO 16: 1425 (abst), 1997. 4. Schoffski P, Catimel G, Planting AS et ai, for the EORTC and ECSG: Docetaxel and cisplatin: an active regimen in patients with locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Results of a phase II study of the EORTC. Ann Oncol10: 119-122, 1999. 5. Colevas AD, Busse PM, Norris CM et al: Induction chemotherapy with docetaxel, cisplatin, f1uouracil and leucovorin for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. A phase 1/11 trial. J Clin Oncol 16: 1331-1339, 1998. 6. Colevas AD, Norris CM, Tishler RB: Phase II trial of docetaxel, cisplatin, fluorouracil, and leucovorin as induction for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. J Clin Oncol17: 3503-3511, 1999. OSSERVATORIO


The radiologic features of 46 nasopalatine duct cysts were characterized by two oral radiologists. Most cysts were bilateral, well demarcated, well corticated and with an entirely radiolucent lumen. Amorphous intraluminal calcifications were visible in 13%. Twenty-five cysts had caused bony expansion and 16 of those were also associated with partial erosion of the overlying cortex. Teeth, when present, were frequently displaced, with their roots directed distally: root resorption was present in 14% of cases.


A new numerical well-testing technology-Voronoi was developed to solve the various well testing problems associated with adjacent well interference,multiphase flow,and heterogeneous oil/gas reservoirs in oil and gas fields in South China Sea.First,a three-phase(oil,gas and water) seepage mathematical model was established according to the theories of seepage mechanics and material balance.Second,time and spatial discretization was done on this model with the Voronoi network technology so that oil and gas reservoirs were dispersed into multiple grid cells.Finally,the iteration method was used for computing the pressure distribution on each grid cell and physical property parameters.As a result,actual geological conditions of oil and gas reservoirs were presented with delicate Voronoi grids in this technology,which turned out to be an elaborate testing interpretation.Compared with the conventional technologies,Voronoi bound both local fine grids and basic coarse grids together by using numerical fine grids at peripheries of well shaft and faults while sparse basic grids at the areas relatively distant from the well.In this way,geological characteristics of oil/gas reservoirs were definitely described and grid data was minimized as well,resulting in an increased arithmetic speed and precision in well testing.Actual application in oil and gas fields in South China Sea indicates that this numerical well-testing technology is a good solution to testing difficulties(e.g.multiphase flow) and provides a reference for well-testing data analysis in complex oil and gas fields in South China Sea.


Objective To explore the clinical and electroencephalogram features of nonconvulsive status epilepticus(NCSE) in adults.Methods The clinical data of 7 NCSE patients were retrospective analyzed.Results Complex partial status epilepticus(CPSE) was identified in 6 patients and generalized nonconvulsive status epilepticus was seen in 1 case.The significant clinical presentations were disturbance of consciousness at different levels accompanied with or without clumsy,disorientation,automatism,mental and behavior disorder.Epileptic discharges were seen on electroencephalogram examinations in all patients,and the waveform of epileptic waves had relationship with clinical manifestation.Fine prognosis was induced after treatment according to therapeutic principle of status epilepticus.Conclusions The clinical manifestations are complex in NCSE patients.The electroencephalogram changes are significant,and it probably has some relativity with clinical symptoms and is helpful for diagnosis.Treatment in time will induce fine prognosis.


New analogs of some neurohypophyseal hormones (oxypressin, hydrin, glumitocin, vasotocin) have been synthesized. Experiments with injection of these peptides to rats showed that substitution of C-terminal glycinamide on beta-ethanolamine (glycinol) or ethylamine in 1-deamino-arginine vasotocin resulted in loss of natriuretic but not antidiuretic activity. Analogs of oxypressin and hydrin exhibited neither natriuretic activity nor ability to affect water reabsorption. Glumitocin analog induced renal sodium ion excretion and did not influence potassium ion excretion.


The number of forest fire under various conditions such as year, month, time, day of the week, region, damaged species, cause, and damaged area are checked, and the statistics of the forest fire causing materials in recent 14 years ('91-'04) are analyzed. The result shows that the year majority of forest fires had happened in last 14 year was 2001 and most of forest fire occurred in April, Sunday, around 14:00 to 15:00. The most damaged region is Gyeongsangbuk-Do, followed by Gangwon-Do, Jeollabuk-Do, and Gyeonggi-Do. The most damaged species is pine tree. The main causes of forest fires are accidental fire and incineration of a field boundary; however, recently, incendiarism is increased. The result of analysis on the damaged area shows that small fires under 5 ha occurred most frequently and large fires (over 30 ha) occurred mostly in Kangwon province (44.2%). The result also shows that the large forest fires (1,113 minutes) require 7.5 time more than the small forest fires (148 minutes). Especially, since average damaged area caused by large forest fire was about 470 ha per incident.


The higher education in Face region faces the good development opportunity,andalso conceals the crisis and challenge.We must further adjust the reformation and developmentway Of thinklng Of the higher education in race region.Want to attain the right fixed position,establishment special features;Enlargement input the dint degree and divide the excavationoneself the potential;With artificial this;Do to 1earn the mode treative:Inner part inassociation with the exterior usher in,absorb forerunner Of do the academic theories to read aoud.


This is a comprehensive and well-presented account of the current state of the field of Spanish Second Language Acquisition. It is presented with great clarity and precision, and students of Spanish SLA will find in its pages a wealth of information on a wide range of topics within this area. The book is arranged in three sections, entitled respectively 'Linguistic Topics: Products', 'Theoretical Perspectives: Processes', and 'Methodological Perspectives'. The first two sections form the bulk of the volume, containing six chapters and three chapters respectively, with the third part comprising one single chapter on the role of instruction in Spanish SLA. The division between 'products' and 'processes' reflects the editors' concern to distinguish between the acquisition of specific elements of the Spanish language, on the one hand, and on the other, the study of the processes involved in SLA 'from a more global, interdisciplinary perspective' (p. 7) so as to facilitate the task of making predictions about the types of processing involved in the acquisition of a second language. The chapters on products examine the following topics: phonology; tense/aspect; the subjunctive; clitics; the lexicon, and pragmatics/discourse. A. Raymond Elliott starts his chapter on phonology by examining a number of specific variables that appear to relate to the development of L2 phonological competence, including the Critical Period Hypothesis (where he concludes that 'aside from the few anomalous cases, it appears ...that ultimate L2 phonological acquisition is constrained for most by biological differences related to age', p. 22); gender; affect and attitude, and field independence/field dependence. He then reviews a number of hypotheses and models relating to phonological acquisition. These include Contrastive Analysis, where Stockwell and Bowen's (1965) putative hierarchy of phonological difficulty is seen to be superseded by research which demonstrates that phonemic differences were easier to acquire than allophonic differences, even in the case of phonemes that were very different from those found in the language of the learner (which is the case of the trilled r or the [x] sound); the Markedness Differential Hypothesis, Major's Ontogeny Model, the Ontogeny Phylogeny Model, and Tarone's Continuum. The latter part of this chapter provides a very helpful tabular summary of the results of studies in L2 phonological acquisition. From among the many possible topics that could be addressed in the important area of Tense/Aspect, Montrul and Salaberry select as their focus the issue of the development of past-tense verbal morphology. They present Andersen's Lexical Aspect Hypothesis, along with observations on later research both supporting and nuancing it, before examining, in turn, generative, contextbased, communicative and cognitive-perceptual perspectives on this question. As in most of the chapters in the book, this one ends with a discussion of the methodological factors of relevance to the issue being addressed and, in this chapter in particular, the authors address the vexed question of the possible


Job satisfaction represents one of the most complex areas facing today"s managers when it comes to managing their employees. Many studies have demonstrated an unusually large impact on the job satisfaction on the motivation of workers, while the level of motivation has an impact on productivity, and hence also on performance of business organizations. . The present study attempts to find the level of employee job satisfaction at Helios Matheson IT limited. Sample size is 70 was taken out of which 38 responses are from Client service executives, 8 from senior executives, 7 from Business Manager, 3 from Managers, 6 from Trainee executive and 8 from system administrators. . This study highlights various aspects necessary for satisfying employees to improve their performance. It is observed that there is direct and positive relationship between motivational factors and employee job satisfaction. It means these factors are directly proportional to employee satisfaction. The change in rewards offered to employees necessarily changes the employee satisfaction and performance of employees.


Green synthesis of lignin-based carbon materials can accelerate the development of energy storage and conversion in supercapacitors. In this work, hierarchical graphenelike carbon was prepared by alkali lignin (AL) pyrolysis at a high temperature of 1700 °C. Accompanied by metal salt catalysis and a nitrogen hybridization reaction, a unique nanostructure of graphitized ALC was obtained with both a well-ordered 2D sheet lamellar structure and a uniform bowl-like porous structure. ALC exhibited a graphenelike lattice structure, a BET specific surface area of 1190 m2·g–1, and excellent electrochemical performance (104 F·g–1/0.5 A·g–1). The study offers a prospective way to the high-value application of industrial lignin in supercapacitor electrode materials.


DETERMINATION OF ISOPEROXISOMICINE A1 CONTENT IN PEROXISOMICINE A1 BATCHES BY MEANS OF 1H NMR by Adrián Fernández‐Ramírez, Ma de la Luz Salazar‐Cavazos, Verónica Rivas‐Galindo, Lucía Ceniceros‐Almaguer, and Noemí Waksman de Torres, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, U.A.N.L. P.O. Box 2316, Sucursal Tecnológico 64841 Monterrey, N.L., México ABSTRACT: Peroxisomicine A1 (PA1) is a natural product that shows biological activity. After its extraction and isolation from the plant, there is still between 3 and 5% remaining of an isomer (isoperoxisomicine A1, isoPA1), which is also present in the original matrix. A simple and reliable quantification method has been developed by means of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine the isoperoxisomicine amount in these PA1 batches. Two methods were applied to the quantification: the relative area method and an absolute method by using an internal standard. No significant differences were found between them. The simplicity of the first one makes it desirable for routine analysis. The validated method has adequate linearity and precision, because it allows measuring as low as 1% of isoPA1 content. Analytical Letters, 37(12), 2433–2444, 2004 DETERMINATION OF CATECHOLAMINES BY FLOW INJECTION CHEMILUMINESCENCE METHOD BASED ON THEIR RESTRAINING EFFECTS ON THE LUMINOL–POTASSIUM CHLORATE SYSTEM by Yuanyuan Sun, Yuhai Tang, Xiaohui Zheng, Hong Yao, and Zhao Xu, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, People's Republic of China ABSTRACT: A rapid and precise continuous flow method was described for the determination of catecholamines based on the catecholamines great inhibitory effects on the chemiluminescence reaction of luminol–potassium chlorate in basic solutions. The optimum chemical conditions for the chemiluminescence reaction were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, four catecholamines: adrenaline, noradrenaline, isoprenaline, and dopamine were determined. The detection limits are 0.2 ng mL−1 for adrenaline, 0.4 ng mL−1 for noradrenaline, 0.7 ng mL−1 for isoprenaline, and 0.4 ng mL−1 for dopamine. The method was successfully applied to the determination of the four catecholamines in pharmaceutical injections. A brief discussion on the possible chemiluminescence reaction mechanism is presented. Analytical Letters, 37(12), 2445–2458, 2004 DETERMINATION OF TRACE VANADIUM(V) BY SOLID SUBSTRATE ROOM TEMPERATURE PHOSPHORIMETRY BASED ON THE CATALYZED REACTION OF POTASSIUM BROMATE OXIDIZING SAFRANINE O ACTIVATED BY VITAMIN C by Jia‐Ming Liu, Tian‐long Yang, Hai‐bo Wu, Qiao‐mei Lu, and Ai‐Hong Wu, Department of Chemistry, ZhangZhou Normal College, ZhangZhou 363000, P.R. China; and Long‐Di Li, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China ABSTRACT: A new method for the determination of trace vanadium(V) by solid substrate room temperature phosphorimetry (SS‐RTP) has been established. It is based on the facts that in the presence of sulfuric acid and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (DBS), vanadium activated by vitamin C (Vc) can catalyze potassium bromate to oxidize safranine O (R), the oxidation products of safranine O can emit intense and stable solid substrate room temperature phosphorescence (SS‐RTP) on nitrocellulose membrane. The catalytic reaction is a first‐order reaction, with a reaction rate constant (k) of 7.3 × 10−4 sec−1, and the apparent activation energy (E) is 46.09 kJ/mol. The phosphorescence intensity (ΔI p) will be increased 10 times if Vc is added. The linear range of this method is 1.6–16.0 fg/spot within which ΔI p obeyed Beer's Law, the detection limit (LD) is 0.38 fg/spot (0.4 µL sample solution per spot), and the regression equation for working curve is ΔI p = 52.17 + 3.181m V(V) (fg/spot), n = 6, correlation coefficient r is 0.9993. This sensitive method has been applied to the determination of trace vanadium in tea and human hair samples successfully. The mechanism of the catalytic reaction was also discussed. Analytical Letters, 37(12), 2459–2467, 2004 HIGHLY SENSITIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC REACTION RATE METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF SELENIUM BASED ON THE CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF SULFONAZO BY SULFIDE by Ali A. Ensafi and M. Saberi Lemraski, College of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156, Iran ABSTRACT: A sensitive and rapid kinetic spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of ultratrace amounts of selenium [Se (VI), Se (IV), and total selenium]. The method is based on the catalytic effect of Se (IV) on the reduction of sulfonazo by sodium sulfide. The reaction was followed spectrophotometrically by measuring the decrease in absorbance at 570 nm for the reaction mixture or by measuring the increase in absorbance of the reaction mixture at 680 nm and at 25°C, by the fixed‐time method. Selenium could quantitatively be determined in the range of 0.5–180 and 50–2300 ng mL−1 at 680 and 570 nm, respectively. The limit of detection is 0.3 ng mL−1 Se (IV) at 680 nm. All of the variables that affect the sensitivity in the two wavelengths were investigated, and the optimum conditions were established. The interference effect of various cations and anions on the Se (IV) determination was also studied. The selectivity of the selenium determination was greatly improved with the use of the cation exchange resin. The method was used for the determination of Se (IV) in a food sample, natural water, and synthetic samples with satisfactory results. Analytical Letters, 37(12), 2469–2483, 2004 EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TO INVESTIGATE FACTORS AFFECTING CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS by C. V. Suresh Babu, Bong Chul Chung, and Young Sook Yoo, Bioanalysis and Biotransformation Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang, Seoul, Korea 130‐650 and C. V. Suresh Babu, International R&D Academy, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Cheongryang, Seoul, Korea ABSTRACT: An experimental design approach is described to evaluate the main electrophoretic parameters involved in neuropeptide separation by capillary zone electrophoresis coupled to ultraviolet detection. Response surface methodology based on a three‐level, three‐variable Box–Behnken design was used for optimization with respect to buffer pH, buffer concentration, and applied voltage. The optimum conditions of these variables were predicated by using a second‐order polynomial model fitted to the results obtained by applying the Box–Behnken design. The methodology identifies the principal experimental factors, which have significant effects in the separation. The optimum conditions were 100 mM phosphate buffer pH 2.5 as the background electrolyte and an applied voltage of 6 kV. Verification experiments were performed under optimal conditions, which yielded 98% of the predicated efficiency. Analytical Letters, 37(12), 2485–2499, 2004 AN ALTERNATIVE SAMPLE INTRODUCTION DEVICE FOR A HOME‐MADE CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS SYSTEM by André F. Lavorante, Ana Paula G. Gervasio, Maria C. B. Moraes, and Maria F. Giné, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura CENA/USPAv. Centenário 30313416‐000, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil; Carlos E. S. Miranda and Emanuel Carrilho, Instituto de Química de São Carlos—IQSC/USP, São Carlos SP, Brazil; and Carlos E. S. Miranda, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto (UNAERP)Avenida Costábile Romano 220114096‐380, Ribeirão Preto SP, Brazil ABSTRACT: A home‐made capillary electrophoresis (CE) system with an alternative interface for hydrodynamic injection of sample solutions is described. The interface is an acrylic chamber whose efficiency of injection was evaluated by the separation of cysteine and methionine standards. Important parameters inherent to this system such as peristaltic pump rotation, system grounding, and injection time were carefully investigated. Although this is a batch‐wise system, the interface showed a good efficiency for nano‐liter injections and relative standard deviations (RSD) smaller than 3% for both signal measurement and migration time were obtained. This new interface allowed a minimal capillary handling and also guaranteed an excellent performance in terms of sample solution injection into the home‐made system. Analytical Letters, 37(12), 2501–2513, 2004 A METHOD FOR NONEXTRACTIVE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF THALLIUM (III) AND GALLIUM (III) IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND STANDARD SAMPLES WITH 2‐(5‐BROMO‐2‐PYRIDYLAZO)‐5‐DIETHYLAMINOPHENOL IN CATIONIC MICELLAR MEDIUM by S. Ratnani, S. K. Shukla, and G. K. Parashar, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India and N. K. Agnihotri, Motilal Nehru College, University of Delhi Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi 110021, India; and V. K. Singh, Sri Aurobindo College, New Delhi, India ABSTRACT: A new sensitive and selective derivative spectrophotometric procedure is developed for trace‐level determination of Tl3+ in the range of 6.80 × 10−2 to 3.80 µg mL−1; molar absorption coefficient and detection limit of a 1:1 complex with 2‐(5‐bromo‐2‐pyridylazo)‐5‐diethylaminophenol in the presence of cetylpyridinium chloride are 5.25 × 104 L mol−1 cm−1 and 4.20 × 10−2 ng mL−1, respectively. The developed method, by using the measurement of the derivative amplitude of the analyte (Tl3+) at the zero crossover point of the interfering metal ion (Ga3+), is applied for the determination of Tl3+ in the presence of Ga3+, and vice versa for Ga3+ ions. The determination range of Tl3+ and Ga3+ in the presence of each other is 0.10–2.46 µg mL−1 and 0.04–1.05 µg mL−1, respectively; the relative standard deviation for sample containing 1.23 µg mL−1 Tl3+ and 0.42 µg mL−1 Ga3+ is 1.43 and 1.65%, respectively. The proposed procedure is successfully applied for simultaneous determination of the two metal ions in the environmental samples, standard reference materials, and synthetic binary mixtures. Analytical Letters, 37(12), 2515–2529, 2004 DETERMINATION OF PROPHAM AND CHLORPROPHAM IN POS


The novel The God of Small Things (1996) by Arundhati Roy has been defined by Salman Rushdie as a novel that has been written artistically well. It is a very ambitious novel and the style is quite personal. By using her ambition and personal style Roy challenges indigenous issues and hybridity effortlessly. Through these two subjects we are acquaint with the themes of identity, culture, human relationship, and politics. This paper argues that The God of Small Things exchanges, questions and experiments with identity through symbols that signify identity: language, politics, culture and human relationship. Roy is very observant in presenting her narrative; but she hides her judgment, and leaves us to make our own conclusions. The representation of the characters' social class is examined using definition of social class and maintained by aspects of social class. The influence of the characters' social class is studied using the consequences concept of social class. The main characters' social class is represented through several points.


Super-resolution was used to refine the LRI (low resolution image) which was acquired fro m the existing electric devices. Moreover, it is significant to do this work on the human face. To solve the special facial problem, a novel framework based on IBP (Iterative Back Projection) is proposed, in wh ich the edge detection and edge preserving are taken into account. In the iterative part, we adopt wavelet for edge detection to preserve the details and eliminate the loss of visual informat ion. Furthermo re, PCA (Principle Co mponent Analysis) technique is introduced to extract more local high frequency informat ion to refine the LRI . Experimental results show that our framework could efficiently enhance the visual effect. Both PSNR and SSIM of the super-resolution of LRI could be increased. Moreover, some experiments on face recognition are conducted and our method achieves more inspiring results.


In applications arising in massive on-line social networks, biological networks, and knowledge graphs it is often required to find shortest length path between two given nodes. Recent results have addressed the problem of computing either exact or good approximate shortest path distances efficiently. Some of these techniques also return the path corresponding to the estimated shortest path distance fast. Many of the real-world graphs are edge-labeled graphs, i.e., each edge has a label that denotes the relationship between the two vertices connected by the edge. However, none of the techniques for estimating shortest paths work very well when we have additional constraints on the labels associated with edges that constitute the path. In this work, we define the problem of retrieving shortest length path between two given nodes which also satisfies user-provided constraints on the set of edge labels involved in the path. We have developed SkIt index structure, which supports a wide range of label constraints on paths, and returns an accurate estimation of the shortest path that satisfies the constraints. We have conducted experiments over graphs such as social networks, and knowledge graphs that contain millions of nodes/edges, and show that SkIt index is fast, accurate in the estimated distance and has a high recall for paths that satisfy the constraints.


Methods based on the use of empirical equations to predict longitudinal dispersion coefficients in small natural streams are discussed in this paper. Ten equations for the prediction of dispersion coefficients are compared. The comparison is based on the results of 22 field studies for which the dispersion coefficients are directly measured using natural tracers. The technique for this direct measurement is based on a methodology derived from the classical Fickian model. Dimensional analysis is used to build up relevant mass-transport non-dimensional groups, and to produce an alternative mathematical model for the longitudinal dispersion coefficient. This model is calibrated using the multiple regression technique, and it is validated upon comparison with new data from a field study in an urban canal.


ABSTRACT In recent years, a growing interest has been created for improvement of human interaction with computers. Hence, automatic recognition of facial expressions has become one of the active research topics. The purpose of this paper is to identify facial expressions, by using differential geometric features. In the proposed method, only the first and last images are used and differential features are extracted from these two images. Differential geometric features are extracted from changes in the important points of the face in the two images. In this method, the distance between the important points of the face and the reference point was calculated in both directions x and y, for two images, and with the difference between the distance, the differential geometric features between the two images were obtained. Based on the results, with this method, recognition accuracy of six facial expressions in the database was 96.44%, CK +.


SUMMARY: Electron microscopy of ultra-thin sections of the phloem of strawberry plants with green petal disease revealed mycoplasma-like organisms. Similar sections of the phloem of apple trees with chat fruit disease contained similar organisms that differed in size from those in apple with rubbery wood disease. No organisms were found in normal trees of the same varieties.


The invention discloses a pressure casting mold. The pressure casting mold comprises a mold body, an inner cavity is formed in the mold body, a boss used for pressure casting forming of a product hole position and a bridge cavity allowing liquid allow to flow through the boss to form a product bridge are formed in the inner wall of the mold body, and the bridge cavity is communicated with the inner cavity; according to the pressure casting mold, through arrangement of the bridge cavity, after the liquid alloy flows to the boss, the liquid alloy can continuously flow into the bridge cavity, a product machined through the mold forms the bridge at the position of the boss, a numerical control machine tool is adopted to remove the bridge of the product, the hole position needed by the product can be obtained, and the bridge cavity is arranged to effectively relieve erosion of the liquid alloy to the mold body; meanwhile, the bridge cavity is additionally formed in the position of the boss to serve as buffering, filling performance of the liquid alloy nearby a boss accessory is good, and the product yield is high.


e12001 Background: Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that is widely used to treat estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. However, not all patients benefit from the incorporation of tamoxifen into an adjuvant therapy. This is also the case when tamoxifen is used in chemoprevention, since only half of participants benefit from the drug. In order to improve treatment response, we attempted to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that correlated with tamoxifen efficacy. Methods: ER-positive breast cancer patients at our hospital were enrolled on this study between January 2007 and September 2010. The primary endpoint was ER-positive breast cancer-free survival. We examined 17 SNPs in these patients. The survival benefit associated with each genotype was determined with a log-rank test, and the hazard ratio was analyzed using a Cox proportional-hazards model. Results: The median follow-up time of the 320 patients enrolled on the study was 3298 days. Of 240 patients who received any endocrine therapy, ER-positive breast cancer-free survival in patients with the 2q35 rs13387042 AA genotype was significantly shorter than in those who had the AG or GG genotype (p < 0.0001), and the hazard ratio was significantly higher (HR 8.83; 95% CI 2.09–25.53, p = 0.0064). Of the 145 patients who received tamoxifen therapy, there was a trend among ER-positive breast cancer patients with the CYP2C19 rs4917623 TT genotype to have a shorter disease-free period (p = 0.0635) when compared to patients with TC or CC genotypes. Similarly, there was a trend for the TT genotype patients to exhibit a higher hazard ratio (HR 2.62; 95% CI 0.86–7.55, p = 0.0861). Conclusions: The rs4917623 SNP in the CYP2C19 gene, which encodes a metabolic enzyme, predicts tamoxifen efficacy. This finding will facilitate selection of ER-positive breast cancer patients for tamoxifen treatment; it may also be useful for selection of patients most likely to benefit from tamoxifen-dependent chemoprevention.


We have studied the nucleation process of a two-dimensional kinetic Ising model subject to a bias oscillating external field, focusing on how the nucleation time depends on the oscillation frequency. It is found that the nucleation time shows a clear-cut minimum with the variation of oscillation frequency, wherein the average size of the critical nuclei is the smallest, indicating that an oscillating external field with an optimal frequency can be much more favorable to the nucleation process than a constant field. We have also investigated the effect of the initial phase of the external field, which helps to illustrate the occurrence of such an interesting finding.


Irrigation is a well established procedure on many farms in western Canada and is practiced on various levels around the world. It allows diversification of crops, while increasing crop yields. However, typical irrigation systems consume a great amount of conventional energy through the use of electric motors and generators powered by fuel.%%%%The overall objective of this research was to determine the feasibility of using photovoltaic (PV) modules to power a water pump for a small-scale drip irrigation system in Montreal (Quebec, Canada). The study involved field observations, as well as computer simulations of global solar radiation and PV electrical output.%%%%Field observations involved a summer and winter installation of two amorphous silicon 42 W PV modules, directly connected to a 12 V surface water pump. The parameters monitored were voltage, current, back-of-panel temperature, pressure, and flow. These observed parameters were used to determine PV electrical output and volume of water pumped. Site latitude, elevation, and panel tilt were applied to the solar radiation and PV electrical output models, along with the following meteorological data: daily average, maximum, and minimum temperatures, and global solar radiation.%%%%Daily solar radiation prediction showed a linear correlation of 0.69 with the observed daily values, over the years 2000 to 2005. The correlation coefficient was improved to 0.91, when 7 day moving averages of both the observed and predicted solar radiation data were used. PV electrical output and volume of water pumped were monitored between August 2005 and May 2006. Both the power and water output observations were less than expected. However, the predicted daily PV electrical output ranged from 1.0 MJ d-1 in the summer to approximately 0.6 MJ d-1 in the winter. As expected, an increase in power caused an increase in the volume of water pumped.


As an exploratory teaching and researching activity which optimizes class teaching class narrating is one of the effective ways of teaching reform.It plays a significant role in combining teaching into researching,improving teachers' qualities,exploiting class resources and creating a harmonious teaching environment.In order to properly carry out class narrating,repeating teaching plans and substituting class demonstration for class narrating are opposed.Ambiguity and teaching aids ignorance also must be avoided.


AbstractThe presence of lead in wastewater is dangerous to aquatic life even in relatively low concentration. In recent years, adsorption becomes an effective and economical alternative technique for removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions. In the current study, the removal of Pb2+ ions from aqueous solution onto generation 4 polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers adsorbent was investigated. Batch mode experiments were conducted to study the effects of different variables including pH, contact time, initial lead ions concentration, and adsorbent dose on the removal process. It has been found that a maximum lead adsorption was found at pH 7. The maximum adsorption almost reached after shaking for slightly more than 30 min. The adsorption potential and Pb2+ removal started to decrease after initial Pb2+ concentration of 400 ppm. The experimental data fitted well into the Langmuir isotherm. The kinetic showed that the process of adsorption of Pb2+ on PAMAM dendrimers conforming to second-order kinetics. The ...


Reprocessing of long-cooled nuclear fuel: Process description and plant design " (1988). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. Paper 9748. The most advanced technology has been used to photo graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the original text directly from the copy submitted. Thus, some dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from a computer printer. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyrighted material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are re produced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is available as one acposure on a standard 35 mm slide or as a IT x 23" black and white photographic print for an additional charge. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. 36 mm slides or 6" X 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a checit marl< V .


In the study,we applied the theoretical spatial distribution model and 5 aggregation intensity indices to assess the spatial distribution pattern of Cyclobalanopsis multinervis in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Baishanzu National Nature Reserve.The results show that the shape of size structure of the C.multinervis population is pyramid with wide base and narrow top,which indicates the population is stable in this forest.The species bearing whole range of size classes shows regeneration fluctuation.Distribution patterns of the whole population and different growth stages of the species are clumped in general.The extent of aggregation reduces along with size class of trees,suggesting a loosing tendency to large trees for random distribution.The synthesized effect of species' biological characteristics,habitat and environmental resources occupied,influences the population structure and distribution pattern of C.multinervis.


What are young people's priorities in the Brexit negotiations? In focus groups held around the country, Shakuntala Banaji and Sam Mejias (LSE) found a majority want to keep the right to freedom of movement and maintain trade links with Europe. They also complained about the lack of political education in British schools, which they felt left adults ill-prepared to vote.


In long samples of nInSb showing coherent acoustoelectric oscillations at 77°K, helicon transmission at 35GHz indicates a carrier-depleted travelling domain near the cathode. Further down stream, low-mobility carriers are generated by breakdown and accumulate in a stationary domain near the anode. Shorter samples exhibit distributed domains which could explain transverse breakdown.


The subject of the research presented in the given paper is the esthetic notion as a special kind of a per- son's attitude to the world and themselves. The objective of the paper is to find out the specificity of the implementation of the esthetic function in the language of poetry. The methodological bases of the research are the works by psycholo- gists (L. S. Vygotsky, A. N. Leontiev), linguists (R. O. Yakobson, H. O. Vinokur, L. P. Yakubinsky), philologists (M.M. Bakhtin). The paper shows that the linguistic units in a poetic text subject to esthetic laws are caused by compo- sition, intertextual relations, the author's vision, etc. At the same time, they get a completely new meaning different from the everyday one. As a result, we prove that dissimilarity of the natural language and the language used in works of art "makes" the recipient's consciousness perceive the text as an esthetic object.


The behaviour of free-surface gravity waves on small Froude number fluid flow past some obstacle cannot be determined using ordinary asymptotic power series methods, as the amplitude of the waves is exponentially small. An exponential asymptotic method is used by Chapman and Vanden-Broeck (2006) to consider the problem of two-dimensional, steady flow past a submerged obstacle in the small Froude number limit, finding that a steady downstream wavetrainis switched on rapidly across a curve known as a Stokes line. Here, equivalent wavetrains on three-dimensional and unsteady flow configurations are considered, and Stokes switching causedby the interaction between exponentially small free-surface components is shown to play an important role in both cases. The behaviour of free-surface gravity waves is introduced by considering the problem of steady free-surface flow due to a line source. A steady wavetrain is shown to exist in the far field, and the behaviour of these waves is compared to existing numerical results. The problem of unsteady flow over a step is subsequently investigated, with the flow behaviour formulated in terms of Lagrangian coordinates so that the position of the free surface is fixed. Initially, the problem is linearized in the step-height, and the steady wavetrain is shown to spread downstream over time. The position of the wavefront is determined by considering the full Stokes structure present in the problem. The equivalent fully-nonlinear problem is then considered, with the position of the Stokes lines, and hence the wavefront, being determined numerically. Finally, linearized three-dimensional free-surface flow past an obstacle is considered in both the steady and unsteady case. The surface is shown to contain downstream longitudinal and transverse waves. These waves are shown to propagate downstream in the unsteady case, with the position of the wavefront again determined by considering the full Stokes structure of the problem.


The paper proposes a framework of collision avoidance for AUV based on the real-time information of forward looking sonar(FLS).The system includes such modules as obstacle detection by FLS,tracking,motion estimation and planning algorithms.Simulations on LAN show that the method is also perfect for AUV to avoid collision with moving objects.


The hot-wire anemometer, used for recording speed variations in turbulent flow, involves in its working principle the unsteady heat transfer from a hot fixed surface to a fluctuating air stream moving past the surface. If the wire is maintained at a constant (high) temperature, the rate of loss of heat from the wire changes with the velocity of the incident stream, and the compensating rate of gain of heat, produced by the Joule heating effect of the electric current, changes, correspondingly. The accompanying change of current can be measured, and used to calculate the varying velocity of the air stream. The hot wire may have a diameter as low as 10−4 in. and the Reynolds number of the flow is then of the order of 0.05 for each ft. per sec of velocity. With low velocities, of the order of 10 or 20 ft./sec, the flow past the wire is in the range of small Reynolds number, and the exact equations of flow may be approximated by simpler equations in the manner of Oseen's theory (Lamb 1932). The approximate equations are not easy to solve when the flow is compressible, as it will be in the presence of the large temperature differences imposed by the heat of the wire. If, however, the temperature differences are assumed to be small, the approximate energy equation is no longer linked with the equations of continuity and momentum, and it may be solved without knowledge of the velocity field. The purpose of this note is to give the solution for the temperature field when a warm circular cylinder or a warm sphere is held at rest in a fluctuating stream.


The accuracy of numerical simulation in sheet metal forming depends on the description of the elasto-plastic behaviors provided by the implemented material models.To consider the evolution of the material's mechanical responses during deformation,a suitable methodology is to use macroscopic hardening models with the integration of microstructural features into macroscopic internal variables.Four basic types(isotropic,kinematic,rotational and distortional hardening) of macroscopic hardening behaviors of metals during plastic deformation are discussed in combination with a brief insight into the evolution of microstructures.Then according to the material response under different strain path changes,a few typical macroscopic hardening models of sheet metals developed recently are summarized,and possible work for the future are given.Finally something worth noting about the research of macroscopic hardening models for sheet metal forming is discussed.


United Nations, international conferences and administration, and the United Nations and enforcement of the peace. However in the "law" sections of his book, he integrates the substantive contribution of the United Nations via treaties, resolutions, etc., to a much greater extent that do most of his text-writing colleagues. He captures the flavor of the transition of Ninteenth Century law to law in the modern era where the United Nations is playing a vital role, both in conflict areas and in the development of exciting new rules designed for a working system of world order.


A carbonized diatomite was prepared by calcining Inner Mongolia diatomite rich in organic matter under reducing atmosphere.The carbonized diatomite was partly substituted for carbon black to reinforce natural rubber(NR).Fourier-transform infrared spectra(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),thermoanalysis(TG-DTA),scanning electron microscope(SEM),energy-dispersive spectrometer(EDS) and mechanical properties test were employed to characterize the resultant carbonized diatomite and NR vulcanizates.The results showed that the organic matter in diatomite could be translated into amorphous carbon adsorbed on the surface of diatomite and in the micropore of diatomite after 600 ℃ calcination under reducing atmosphere.Because the carbon in carbonized diatomite could improve the compatibility between diatomite and NR,the introduction of carbonized diatomite into NR matrix could enhance the mechanical properties.When 25%(mass fraction) carbon black was replaced by carbonized diatomite,the tensile strength and tear strength of NR vulcanizates were significantly improved.


Recently, Kuhl [Pecept. Psychophys. 50, 93–107 (1991)] has argued that speech perception is guided by phonetic prototypes that are assumed to be stored in long‐term memory. This claim is based on the finding of a ''perceptual magnet effect.'' According to Kuhl, speech prototypes act like ''magnets'' because they attract similar stimuli to themselves. Furthermore, prototypes attract other stimuli more strongly than nonprototypes. Thus vowels that surround a prototypical stimulus are more difficult to discriminate than vowels that surround a nonprototype. Data are presented from vowel ''goodness'' rating experiments that suggest that listeners' prototypes for the vowel /i/ may be more extreme and variable than Kuhl's data indicate. Data are also presented from a categorization experiment that indicates that all of Kuhl's vowels may not be from the same phonetic category. These findings call into question the basis of the perceptual magnet effect. An alternative interpretation of both sets of findings is giv...


In the free-space optical communication, the orthogonal multiple data-carrying beams can increase the transmission rate, but there are inherent cross-talk and inter-symbol interference due to atmospheric turbulence. The conventional blind equalization can mitigate interference, but the equalizer output symbols still have residual interference in the case of strong turbulence. To improve the error performance, we consider an iterative blind equalization that finds the channel response and the demodulated symbols. Numerical results show that the iterative blind equalization significantly improves the bit error performance.


In this study the action of Thymosin β4 (TB4) on bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung damage and its molecular mechanisms were investigated. Our results showed that exogenous TB4 treatment could attenuate BLM-induced destruction of lung alveoli, inflammatory cells infiltration and thickening of the lung interstitium. Furthermore, TB4 treatment exerted inhibitory effects on the early phase of BLM-induced fibrosis, which was demonstrated by decreased collagen deposition in TB4-treated rat lung tissues. Our findings also showed that thioredoxin (Trx) antioxidant system was involved in the TB4 function. TB4 treatment could increase the Trx activity in the lung tissues of BLM-treated rats. TB4-induced increase of Trx activity was attributable to the increased Trx-1 expression and decreased Trx-1 nitration induced by BLM. Taken together, our results indicated that TB4 exerted protective effects on BLM-treated rat lungs through increasing Trx-1 expression, decreasing Trx-1 nitration, and subsequently maintaining normal Trxacitivity.


We have developed a new sapphire-anvil cell to generate shear stress at high pressures. The new cell is similar to a diamond-anvil cell. Bis(diphenylglyoximato)metal(II), M(dpg)2(M = Ni and Pt) are pressure-sensitive one-dimensional metal complexes. By use of this cell we have observed in situ the shear stress effect on a thin film of M(dpg)2 under the microscope. Furthermore, electronic absorption spectra of both complexes have been simultaneously measured under applied shear deformation and non-hydrostatic conditions. When the pressure is increased, the color of a thin film of Pt(dpg)2 turns from red-brown at ambient pressure to green at 0.4 GPa. One sapphire anvil is rotated by applied force in order to generate the shear stress at 0.4 GPa. The color of the thin film changes remarkably from green to yellow at the outer part on the anvil, but the color at the center is green, insensitive to the shear stress. The region changed by the shear stress can be observed with the naked eye. Absorption spectra of the yellow region at the outer part change markedly; the intensity of the d-p band decreases sharply and this peak abruptly shifts to the near-infrared region. On the other hand, electronic spectra at the center part are insensitive to the shear deformation. The similar shear stress effect on the optical spectrum of Ni(dpg)2 is also observed. We have found that electronic states of M(dpg)2 essentially change by applying shear deformation.(Contributed by Hiroo INOKUCHI, M. J. A., Nov. 12, 2003)


From analysis of simultaneous electric field and TV records of 76 negative cloud-to-ground lightning flashes in Florida, various lightning properties have been determined and several new facets of ...


The Problem Flexible work arrangements (FWAs) have long been heralded as antecedent to numerous positive organizational attitudes and outcomes. However, results on FWAs benefits are mixed which may be due to differences in employee characteristics. Not all individuals may desire such arrangements. This can confound group comparisons and may bias the results used in the development of human resource development (HRD) theory. The Solution Propensity score analysis is a statistical approach that utilizes covariates to match participants (e.g., FWAs vs. non-FWAs) on their likelihood of group assignment. Once matched, these differences are mitigated thus improving the ability to more precisely estimate program effects. The Stakeholders The intended audience for this article includes HRD scholars and scholar-practitioners interested in reducing non-equivalent group design bias in the context of flexible working arrangements and other HRD-related theory.


This paper demonstrates the practicability of determining the proper shape of a cam to produce a required motion by means of what might be termed "geometrical kinematics." The author shows how the general principles of geometry and kinematics can be applied and that the graphical method is not limited to determining a cam profile as the envelope of the follower. The methods of kinematics, including graphical construction, can determine points of contact and centers of curvature, so as to avoid cusps. Dimensions of the cam can be obtained to any desired degree of accuracy by calculations based upon the geometrical constructions. Designers and draftsmen will find the methods explained easy to understand and use.


What women do in war time, Meredith Turshen South African women demand the truth, Beth Goldblatt and Sheila Meintjes women and violence in KwaZulu/Natal, Ashnie Padarath Mozambican women experiencing violence, Alcinda Antonio de Abreu attack with a friendly weapon, Asma Abdel Halim "favours" to give and "consenting" victims - the sexual politics of survival in Rwanda, Clotilde Twagiramariya and Meredith Turshen women denounce their treatment in Chad, Women's Commission of the Human Rights League of Chad et al hundreds of victims silently grieving, Association of Female Lawyers of Liberia (AFELL) et al we left our shoes behind, Teckla Shikola the militarization of Africa, Daniel Volman.


This paper proposes a new structural novelty detection method in the case of vast measurement data having uncertainties. Considering the effects of measurement accuracy and environmental variations on measurement variance, precise analytical methods of adaptive confidence distance and measurement variance are presented on the basis of statistical theory, and thus an adaptive consensus data fusion algorithm has been firstly developed to deal with the large volume of data involving considerable uncertainties. The proposed adaptive fusion algorithm can adaptively choose sensors whose data will be subsequently fused. The algorithm is then incorporated with wavelet analysis for the purpose of structural novelty detection. Two numerical examples are carried out to validate the efficiency and adaptability of the proposed method. The obtained results have been compared with those from other existing methods, which demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed method in data processing considering uncertainties and unsatisfied performance of some sensors, as well as its accuracy in structural novelty detection. The proposed method also shows some robustness to noise.


In order to study the Dalian Metro section 202(Cujin Road station-Chunguang Street station, which is shallowly buried and covered with plain fill)'s ground surface settlement, the monitoring measuring station was built during the construction. After 3 months' measuring by precision level,the data shows that the maximum point is in the center line of the tunnel of the upper part. The settlement is about 25.66-31.82mm. This paper put forward the concept of the distance span ratio β, β effective value range was - 4 <β< 4,Surface subsidence is closely related with β, Severe surface subsidence stage is -2 <β< 2, Occupy whole deformation is 67.5-77.6%,settlement rate about 0.84-0.93mm/d, so should strengthen the monitoring frequency, Suggest increases site tour. Field test results and the ground surface settlement calculation model winkle are identical with each other; the monitoring results have important guiding significance and reference for Dalian subway and the similar shallow depth excavation tunnel construction.


ABSTRACT: Pityrosporum ovale with abundant hyphae was found in 8 patients with lesions of the scalp and glabrous skin. It is thought that P. ovale in its mycelial form can produce lesions on seborrheic areas of the skin that probably represent a clinical form of tinea versicolor.


Stone surface monitoring of historical buildings is of interest in the planning of restoration work, both for assessing biodeteriogen growth and for detecting the spectroscopic features of the surface itself. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) analysis yields strong signals in the near IR region due to algal depositions while signals through the visible region are useful for the characterization of the stone materials. This paper reports on the first experiments carried out in the framework of a joint project of LTH and IROE-CNR aimed at the fluorescence imaging of historical buildings. We have used a fiber-optical fluorosensor for performing point measurements, and a mobile fluorescence imaging lidar system for remote measurements at a typical distance of 60 m.


The line broadening theories of Smith et al., Voslamber and Bezzerides are discussed. These theories are related, and then it is shown that all of them depend on the same approximations. The unified theory is then compared to the first order contribution from an expansion formulated by Dufty, and a discussion of the unification is presented.


We recently read the review article by Makdisi and Wang on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) (1). Although ECMO can be life-saving, approximately one third of patients experience bleeding complications (2,3). It has been our observation that some patients experience severe epistaxis, but this problem is not well described in the literature and was not mentioned in the review. We retrospectively reviewed all ECMO patients at our center over a three and a half year period to better define the epidemiology, risk factors, management, and sequela of this problem. The Institutional Review Board approved our review.


The big problems in aging research are of increasing complexity due to multicausality of chronic diseases and the numerous interactions between the multiple mechanisms of aging. The frailty concept is a first simple step forward as an integrative concept that sums up the deficits over multiple domains. However, for further understanding of the empirical data on this multicausality and interactions in aging, we need more sophisticated tools developed in complexity science. Group model building, computational modeling and network analyses are examples of tools that can push the frontier of gerontologic and geriatric research into a new era of putting the pieces together discovered in the detailed omics studies.


With the advent of cloud computing, where computational resources are expensive and data movement needs to be secured and minimized, database management systems need to reconsider their architecture to accommodate such requirements. In this paper, we present our analysis, design and evaluation of an FPGA-based hardware accelerator for offloading compression and encryption for SAP HANA, SAP's Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) in-memory database. Firstly, we identify expensive data-transformation operations in the I/O path. Then we present the design details of a system consisting of compression followed by different types of encryption to accommodate different security levels, and identify which combinations maximize performance. We also analyze the performance benefits of offloading decryption to the FPGA followed by decompression on the CPU. The experimental evaluation using SAP HANA traces shows that analytical engines can benefit from FPGA hardware offloading. The results identify a number of important trade-offs (e.g., the system can accommodate low-latency secured transactions to high-performance use cases or offer lower storage cost by also compressing payloads for less critical use cases), and provide valuable information to researchers and practitioners exploring the nascent space of hardware accelerators for database engines.


A new mesa structure with ring-distributed perforations was presented,and vertical-cavity surface emitting laser(VCSEL) with such structure was fabricated.The testing results show that these VCSELs operate with good performance,light output power is 1.34 times as much as that with ring groove.


The biotechnological production of fuel and chemicals from renewable, organic carbon-rich substrates offers a sustainable way to meet the increasing demand for energy. This study aimed to generate platform chemicals,...


uring the cultivition of Penaeus orientalis K,outbreak of death or slowing down of growth couldoccurred sometimes.tuge amount of dispersive spherical viruses with diameter around 80nm were observed in the midgut cells of those sick shrimps under electron microscope.Hoat cell organelles,such asmitochondria,became over swollen,and even broken.The virus was isolated from the hepotopancreasand digestive tube of the sick shrimp and the viriolls were icosahedron with diameter of 80nm on the av-erage.From infection experiment the corrected mortality was as high as 60%.The salne morphological spherical virus with the same size was also isolated from infected died shrimps digeetive glands andtubes.


The complete amino acid sequence of the lectin KM 1 from Artocarpus integrifolia ~ jackfruit ! , which contains 149 residues 0 mol, is reported and compared to those of other members of the Moraceae family, particularly that of jacalin, also from jackfruit, with which it shares 52% sequence identity. KM 1 presents an acetyl-blocked N-terminus and is not posttranslationally modified by proteolytic cleavage as is the case for jacalin. Rather, it possesses a short, glycine-rich linker that unites the regions homologous to the a - and b -chains of jacalin. The results of homology modeling implicate the linker sequence in sterically impeding rotation of the side chain of Asp141 within the binding site pocket. As a consequence, the aspartic acid is locked into a conformation adequate only for the recognition of equatorial hydroxyl groups on the C4 epimeric center ~a - d -mannose, a - d -glucose, and their derivatives ! . In contrast, the internal cleavage of the jacalin chain permits free rotation of the homologous aspartic acid, rendering it capable of accepting hydrogen bonds from both possible hydroxyl configurations on C4. We suggest that, together with direct recognition of epimeric hydroxyls and the steric exclusion of disfavored ligands, conformational restriction of the lectin should be considered to be a new mechanism by which selectivity may be built into carbohydrate binding sites. Jacalin and KM 1 adopt the b -prism fold already observed in two unrelated protein families. Despite presenting little or no sequence similarity, an analysis of the b -prism reveals a canonical feature repeatedly present in all such structures, which is based on six largely hydrophobic residues within a b -hairpin containing two classic-type b -bulges. We suggest the term b -prism motif to describe this feature.


The tapping panel dryness( TPD) in Hevea brasiliensis is one of key factors limiting the increase of natural rubber production.The identification of differentially expressed latex proteins in the healthy and TPD trees is very important to elucidating the TPD mechanism.In this experiment,the iTRAQ and 2D LC-MS /MS were first used to study the differences between healthy and TPD tree latex proteomes. The results showed that 16 proteins were expressed differentially,including 2 proteins up-regulated and 14 ones down-regulated in TPD trees. The corresponding genes of 6 differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by real time RT-PCR.It was found that the expression trends of the genes accorded with the results at the proteome level.Functional analysis showed that the differential proteins were mainly involved in programmed cell death( such as TCTP,HSP70,CaM and cysteine protease) and rubber biosynthesis( SRPP and diphosphomevelonate decarboxylase).It was further validated that programmed cell death and rubber biosynthesis pathways were involved in the TPD occurring from the proteomics level.


Background: A limited number of sources provided in Polish focused on people playing musical instruments and various ailments resulting from the play, giving the impression that this group of people should enjoy good health. Unfortunately, the analyzes of the conducted research indicate something else. Musicians are part of a society whose work is often invisible. In addition to concerts, weddings and special events, they spend much time locked in a recording studio, and the occurrence of an injury that excludes them from regular work may have social and psychological effects. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate and analyze the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders among musicians. Material and methods: The granting was carried out by the method of a diagnostic survey using a proprietary online questionnaire made available to the study group, broken down by sex, age and experience. Results: The presented study shows the state of knowledge and awareness in a given professional group and, at the same time, shows how widespread and frequent the given problem is. In the study group, musicians report pain problems in as many as 95% of cases. Conclusion: The musicians belong to the group of people particularly exposed to pain from the musculoskeletal system