........................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction to Capstone Project ..................................................................................................... 5 Literature Review ............................................................................................................................ 6 Needs Assessment ......................................................................................................................... 17 Objectives Achieved ...................................................................................................................... 21 Implications of Capstone ............................................................................................................... 30 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................... 32 References ..................................................................................................................................... 34 Appendix A ................................................................................................................................... 37 Appendix B .................................................................................................................................... 39 Appendix C .................................................................................................................................... 40 Appendix D ................................................................................................................................... 41 Appendix E .................................................................................................................................... 42 Appendix F .................................................................................................................................... 43 INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION BETWEEN OT AND DENTISTRY 3 Appendix G ................................................................................................................................... 50 Appendix H ................................................................................................................................... 53 Appendix I ..................................................................................................................................... 54 Appendix J ..................................................................................................................................... 55 INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION BETWEEN OT AND DENTISTRY 4 Abstract Dental care is the most frequently cited unmet healthcare need for children with special needs (Cermak et al., 2015). Given the increased research linking oral health to overall health, it is important to ensure that dental care is accessible to all individuals. Oral hygiene and health management are both occupations included in the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (4th ed). Combined with the unique training of an occupational therapist in sensory processing and environmental adaptations, the profession of occupational therapy has an important role in addressing the availability of dental care for those with disabilities. The aim of my doctoral capstone experience was to explore the benefits of interdisciplinary collaboration between occupational therapy and dentistry to improve dental care for autistic patients and those with sensory processing differences. This included a literature review to explore current evidence-based approaches, meeting with experts on the topic, developing trainings for different audiences, creating visuals, implementing sensory and emotional regulation strategies, providing parent consultations, and exploring reimbursement. The DCE resulted in improved dental provider confidence and increased advocacy for oral health care for autistic individuals. The details of the doctoral capstone experience will be furtherDental care is the most frequently cited unmet healthcare need for children with special needs (Cermak et al., 2015). Given the increased research linking oral health to overall health, it is important to ensure that dental care is accessible to all individuals. Oral hygiene and health management are both occupations included in the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework (4th ed). Combined with the unique training of an occupational therapist in sensory processing and environmental adaptations, the profession of occupational therapy has an important role in addressing the availability of dental care for those with disabilities. The aim of my doctoral capstone experience was to explore the benefits of interdisciplinary collaboration between occupational therapy and dentistry to improve dental care for autistic patients and those with sensory processing differences. This included a literature review to explore current evidence-based approaches, meeting with experts on the topic, developing trainings for different audiences, creating visuals, implementing sensory and emotional regulation strategies, providing parent consultations, and exploring reimbursement. The DCE resulted in improved dental provider confidence and increased advocacy for oral health care for autistic individuals. The details of the doctoral capstone experience will be further outlined in this manuscript. INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION BETWEEN OT AND DENTISTRY 5 Introduction to Capstone Project There is an increasing push from the neurodivergent community for acceptance of neurodiversity, changes in autism research and practices, and increased accessibility for all. An article from Leadbitter and colleagues (2021) states the neurodiversity movement incorporates the premise that "the disability is not simply a defect in the individual but arises from the interaction between a non-standard individual and an unaccommodating environment". There is a need to accommodate for neurodiversity in schools, workplaces, and, for the focus of this capstone, medical environments. Occupational therapists have specialized training to modify environments based on unique client factors. Therefore, it is imperative that the profession of occupational therapy fills its role in supporting this movement. Dental appointments are notorious for being a challenging sensory experience for the autistic community, creating a barrier to accessing dental care. In addition, dental practitioners report challenges in providing quality care to autistic patients, describing a lack of training and a lack of cooperation from autistic patients. My capstone project focused on program development to ease this experience for autistic patients, caregivers, and dental practitioners. In order to address this issue, I spent 14 weeks at a pediatric dentist office in Grand Rapids, MI. The owner of the practice is passionate about providing quality care to children with special healthcare needs. Therefore, they see many autistic children as well as children with other disabilities such as down syndrome and cerebral palsy. My site mentor was the director of operations, who was able to assist with arranging trainings, adding materials to the website, working within the electronic medical record system, and coordinating other logistics needed to implement my capstone. My second site mentor was the lead hygienist at the office. She was able to provide the information I needed to create visuals and develop trainings that address the INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION BETWEEN OT AND DENTISTRY 6 specific problem areas at the office. Although the dentist who owned the practice was not technically one of my site mentors, she was the person I worked most closely with throughout the experience and served as a point person for approval and feedback on my ideas. While most of my time was spent with this specific office, I also met with a variety of other experts in the field and provided trainings for other pediatric dental offices, dental students, and therapy centers. Literature Review Introduction Despite the importance of proper oral care, dental care is the most frequently cited unmet healthcare need for children with special needs (Cermak et al., 2015). With the consistent rise of individuals being diagnosed with autism, it is likely that an increasing number of dental practitioners will encounter autistic patients in their practice (Como et al., 2021). However, 6080% of dentists state they are unwilling to treat patients with developmental disabilities because of their resistive behaviors (Stein et al., 2014). Of all the reasons someone may require dental care in the hospital under general anesthesia, resistive behaviors had the strongest correlation to treatment in the hospital (Stein et al., 2014). Occupational therapists have specialized training in sensory and environmental adaptations. Therefore, they can provide a unique opportunity for interdisciplinary collaboration between occupational therapy and dentistry to decrease anxiety, reduce the use of general anesthesia and restraints, and improve overall oral health for autistic patients. However, very few dental offices in the country currently collaborate with occupational therapy. The purpose of this literature review is to first explore the reasons for difficulties with oral care for autistic individuals and then to address occupational therapy's role in improving access to oral care in the home and at the dentist. The literature review used ProQuest, Google INTERDISCIPLINARY COLLABORATION BETWEEN OT AND DENTISTRY 7 Scholar, Google Search, and CINHAL with search terms such as "autism spectrum disorder", "oral hygiene", "dental care", and "environmental modifications". Autism According to the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, to be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)


Until the end of the 1980s the government has been active in the development of the Far North. With the advent of perestroika began a lull, resulting in destruction of infrastructure, reduction of quality of life Northerners, and as a consequence - the out-migration and a sharp decline in the population in the settlements of the Russian Far North. Given the strategic importance of these areas and focus on natural potentials, the state is obliged to do their development and inclusion in the economy. Start at the restoration of what has been mastered by our ancestors - to re-establish basic Russian Arctic outposts on the coast of the Arctic Ocean. One of these center-outposts is the settlement Dixon. The article devoted to the main provisions of its modern revival.


Excessive accumulation of heavy metals in plants was harmful to plants.Effects on plant vegetative growth,reproductive growth and quality under heavy metal stress were summarized in this paper.The degrees of effects were differeent because of the sorts and concentrations of heavy metals and varied plants.


The number of IPFI has increased in recent years because of the increasing of immunocompromised hosts due to abuse of antibiotics, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants and all kinds of invasive operations, organ transplants.The mortality of IPFI remains highly because it′s difficult to early diagnosis.Histopathologic biopsy remains as the gold standard for IPFI diagnosis although limited by materials.Imaging manifestations are nonspecific but have important suggestive values to some kinds of fungus.Direct examination is quickly but it′s difficult to distinguish strain.Fungal culture can guide the treatment but its positive rate is low and the distinguish for contamination, infection and colonization is hard.Serological test has high sensitivity and specificity, but it cannot distinguish strain and it can yield false positives and false negative.Molecular biology is one of rapid developing methods, but its application is limited due to lack of standardized procedures and standards to assess its results, furthermore it can yield false positives.The proper diagnosis for IPFI relies on the comprehensive assessment combing with advantages and disadvantages of various methods.

Key words:
Lung diseases, fungal; Diagnosis


The main aim of this article is to examine the factors that influence the inflow of financial foreign direct
investment (FDI) into SSA and to understand foreign investors' perceptions of the role of institutional
factors in facilitating financial FDI inflows and the extent to which the post reform business environment
has been successful in attracting financial FDI inflows into SSA. An in-depth qualitative study
was adopted for the research.

Using two financial multinational corporations as case studies, the environmental factors that influenced their decision to choose Ghana as an investment destination are
examined, as well as the institutional and regulatory factors that affect their current operations and
future investment decisions.


Precise phase difference measurement is critical for distributed time synchronization systems. Aiming at the problem of how to realize the sub-nanosecond phase difference measurement of the time signal, the digital dual mixer time difference (DDMTD) measurement technology is used to measure the fine transmission delay and the two digital clock phase difference. Given the problem that it is difficult to generate a common clock source with fine frequency changes inside the FPGA chip, the Si5338 chip is used to generate 4 differential clocks, and the communication with the FPGA is completed through the I2C protocol, and the differential signal is converted into a single-ended clock source inside the FPGA as two The common standard frequency of clock signals with the same frequency and different phases, realize the amplification of the phase difference measurement range, making the measurement accuracy reach sub-nanosecond level.


ABSTRACT Background: Spiritual practices have recently emerged as beneficial to both mental and physical health. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of spiritual counseling on hope among patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Methods: This single blind randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on the patients with MS in April-June 2020, Kashan, Iran. 50 patients were randomly assigned to two 25-member groups. The patients in the intervention group participated in eight 60-minute spiritual counseling program. They were asked to fill out the demographic information questionnaire before the intervention and Herth Hope Index (HHI) before, immediately (in the 4th week of the study) and a month after the intervention (in the 8th week of the study). Data were analyzed using Chi-square, independent samples t-test and repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS version 16. The significance level was considered P<0.05. Results: The results showed that the differences between the two groups before the intervention were not statistically significant in terms of demographic variables (P>0.05) and the mean score of hope (P=0.61). However, the total mean score of HHI in the intervention group was significantly different from the control group immediately and a month after the intervention (44.95±1.42 VS. 31.66±2.45 and 43.25±1.84 VS. 30.58±2.24), respectively (P<0.001). According to the results of the repeated measures ANOVA, the level of hope and its dimensions significantly changed in the intervention group over time (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that spiritual counseling promoted the hope score in patients with MS. It is recommended that spiritual counseling should be use as a complementary therapy along with other counseling treatments to increase hope in patients with MS. Trial Registration Number: IRCT20190819044567N


The purpose of this study is to conceptualize a novel idea of potentially sustainable city logistics concepts—the development of urban consolidation centers (UCCs) on riverbanks and the establishment of city-dry port (DP) micro-consolidation centers (MCCs) as their displaced subsystems within the delivery zone. The concept enables the application of river transportation in delivering goods to the UCC, where the modal shift to electric delivery vehicles takes place for delivering goods to city-DP MCCs. In the final delivery phase (from city-DP MCCs to flow generators), smaller eco-vehicles are utilized. An innovative methodology for the planning and selection of the most sustainable concept variant is developed. The methodology combines mathematical programming and the axial-distance-based aggregated measurement (ADAM) multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method. The application of the defined approach is demonstrated in a case study inspired by Belgrade, Serbia. The theoretical contribution of this study is in demonstrating how a wide set of potentially viable city logistics concepts can be defined, starting from an initial idea (city-DP MCC). The practical contribution lies in developing a robust methodology that considers all relevant tactical and operational-level planning questions and takes into account qualitative and quantitative criteria in evaluating different concept variants.


The infrared absorption spectra of Manganese-doped Iron borate glasses (X=0,10,15,20&30 mol% MnO) have been investigated to find out the role played by Manganese on the structure of these glasses. MnO was gradually introduced to replace Fe 2 O 3 in the series of manganese doped iron borate glasses containing 60% B 2 O 3 . The structural changes induced were consistent with Mn 2 O 3 formulation and were inferred by monitoring the I.R. spectra of these glasses in the range 200-4000 cm - 1 by KBr Technique. The similar ionic radii of Fe 3 + and Mn 3 + cause no structural changes in either series as observed from infrared spectroscopy, which show that the Fe 3 + ions concentration at B-site is replaced by Mn 3 + ions. Mossbauer Technique was applied to study the effect of manganese doping at the Fe site for all the samples.


PURPOSE: A light emitting element, a light emitting device, an electronic device, a lighting device, and a pyrene-based compound are provided to stack a phosphorescent organic metal iridium compound on a light emitting layer and to secure a white light emitting diode having high luminous efficiency. CONSTITUTION: An electric luminance layer(102) is formed between a first electrode(101) and a second electrode(103). The electric luminance layer includes a hole injection layer(HIL)(111), a hole transport layer(112), a light emitting layer(113), an electron transport layer(114), and an electron injection layer(111). The light emitting layer includes a bipolar material and at least two pyrene-based compounds which are used as guest materials. The LUMO levels of the pyrene-based compounds are in the range of ±0.1eV.


Objective To establish a method for primary culture of human skin fibroblasts and to provide a reliable basis for clinical application of skin fibroblasts.Methods Human skin fibroblasts were cultured with trypsin digestion.The proliferation of fibroblasts was detected by growth curve and MTT assay.The cell cycle and proliferation index were determined by flow cytometry.The morphology and ultratructure of the fibroblasts was observed under inverted and electron microscope,respectively.Immunohistochemical staining was performed to observe the vimentin in fibroblasts.Results Human skin fibroblasts were obtained.The proliferative ability of the fibroblasts was high within 5 passages or after cryopreservation.The morphology and biological characteristics of fibroblasts were confirmed under inverted and electron microscope and by HE and immunohistochemical staining.Conclusion The method for primary culture of human skin fibroblasts in vitro is successfully established.


This paper gave a new descent method for structured co-coercive variational inequalities.At each iteration,the new method only need to perform some orthogonal projections and some function evaluations,so its computational load was very tiny.Without carrying out any line search technique,we proved the global convergence of the new method.Some numerical results were given to illustrate the efficiency of the new method.


Preface List of maps and illustrations Notes Part I. Ideology, History and Administration: 1. The idea of Rome (753-31 BC) 2. Rome's new kings (31 BC-AD 476) 3. Princeps and imperator 4. Governing Rome Part II. Society and Economy: 5. The life of the city 6. Production and consumption 7. The Roman family PART III. The Roman Mind: 8. The Roman mind 9. Roman literature 10. Roman art and architecture Epilogue: the ghosts of Rome Appendices: I. Roman emperors II. Roman and Greek writers III. Cross-references with the text of Reading Latin Index and glossary of Latin terms General indexes: topographical index Index of personal names Index of passages.


This chapter analyzes various models, conceptual frameworks, and theories of community intervention and explores their implications for contemporary social work practice. Beginning with the 19th century, it traces the history of community intervention in the United States by examining the impact of the political, social, intellectual, and cultural forces that have influenced it. It presents and critiques current evidence-based scholarship on community intervention around such issues as the role of groups and coalitions in community change; the identification and mobilization of community assets; the effects of social capital on community building; strategies to encourage and sustain civic participation; the effectiveness of new models of community development, planning, and social action; alternative forms of community leadership; and the impact of demographic differences on community intervention. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the future of community intervention in a rapidly changing political-economic and demographic environment.

Keywords:

community development;
community planning;
social action;
empowerment;
social capital


Antibiotics are very often prescribed for the indication urinary tract infections (UTIs). Therefore, UTIs are an important field for the development of antibiotic resistance. A number of new antibiotics have been tested for the indication complicated UTI / pyelonephritis. These are cephalosporins and carbapenems, in combination with new beta-lactamase inhibitors, cefiderocol as a new type of cephalosporin, plazomicin a new aminoglycoside, eravacycline a new tetracycline, and intravenous fosfomycin. Not all antibiotics are approved in Europe. Although the development of these new substances is promising, these new antibiotics should be used very carefully to avoid the development of new antibiotic resistance against these new substances.


Abstract In this work, the influence of some reactional parameters in the hydrolysis of whey protein concentrate (WPC) was evaluated, in terms of the nutritional quality of peptide profiles of the hydrolysates as well as the reduction of costs for scaling-up the process. Two enzymes (subtilisin and pancreatin) were used for preparing 18 hydrolysates, using different E:S ratios and reaction times, and the distribution of peptides according to chain length was analyzed by size-exclusion chromatography. The studied parameters affected the peptide profiles of WPC hydrolysates and the best result was similar for subtilisin and pancreatin, both using an E:S ratio of 4:100, after 5 h and 10 h, respectively. In these conditions, these enzymes gave rise to the smallest large peptide contents (12.28% and 12.34%, respectively) and one of the highest amount of di- and tripeptides (13.34% and 13.00%, respectively) as well as of free amino acids (45.56% and 47.26%, respectively). However, in terms of number of samples the action of pancreatin was more advantageous than subtilisin, since among the nine hydrolysates, four showed appropriate peptide profiles (P1, P2, P5, and P6), from the nutritional point of view, while the same happened only with one hydrolysate prepared by using subtilisin (S3). Also, the economical advantage of using smaller E:S ratio and reaction time was observed in several cases for both enzymes.


Purpose: The purpose of the article is to analyze the strengths and weaknesses as well as opportunities and threats of the scientific unit (Faculty) and assess the development possibilities of this unit. Design/methodology/approach: The main research problem undertaken concerns the analysis of the Faculty's Development Strategy based on the main source document which is the Faculty's Development Strategy for 2012-2020. Based on a specific research problem, the following hypotheses were formulated: effective management of the Faculty's operation influences the achievement of the set goal of the Faculty's development, efficient monitoring of the Department's strategy allows the organization to operate effectively, a properly prepared strategy should be based on the correct recognition of the potential of the organization and the environment. Findings: The analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats has allowed us to verify hypotheses and identify problems that the Unit may face in the future. Research limitations/implications: Based on the analysis of the Faculty's interior and surroundings, it should be stated that the Faculty's Development Strategy should be evaluated in the near future. A strategy monitoring system should also be developed taking into account the results obtained. Practical implications: The recommendation is to develop a staff development strategy, which may contribute to accelerating the independence of the Faculty and, consequently, to obtain doctoral rights. Originality/value: The article can be used by the Faculty authorities as a recommendation regarding the implementation of the Strategy and in making key strategic decisions.


The ecreteur disc with 3 decks was compared with the ecreteur disc with 3 pockets, and their effects on the stability of physical index of cigarette were evaluated. The results showed that in terms of cigarette quality and quality stability, the deck disc was better than the pocket disc. Comparing the cigarette made with pocket disc, the pass rate of draw resistance and ventilation rate of cigarette made with deck disc increased 12 and 4 percentage points, respectively, and variation coefficients of weight and draw resistance dropped 20.7% and 60.7%, respectively.


An agro-based country, Pakistan is largely dependent on the Indus basin irrigation system (IBIS), one of the largest irrigation networks in the world, mainly contributed by snow- and glacier-melt runoff from Indus River and its tributaries. A significant proportion of water in the Jhelum River is contributed by its snow- and glacier-fed sub-catchments situated in the Himalayan and Pir Panjal ranges along with monsoon rainfall from low-altitude regions. This study presents the change in snow cover dynamics and its impact on the hydrological behaviour of the catchment, water availability under climate change scenarios in high-altitude scarcely gauged (transboundary nature) catchment and subsequently its impact on hydropower generation at Mangla Dam and downstream canal system through operational management of the Mangla Reservoir. The remotely sensed data products such as MODIS snow cover, TRMM and APHRODITE are utilized, moreover, the climate change investigations are carried out by starting from the different scenarios for climate change as provided by the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC), and their implementation in climate models known as Global Circulation Models (GCMs), downscaling techniques, and finally Hydrological modeling. The impact of climate change on hydropower generation at Mangla Dam and downstream canal system is computed by the utilization of hydrological outcomes under current and future water resources availability. The outcomes of this study will not only help to solve several complex problems related to practical designing and management issues of water resources and hydropower crises of Pakistan but also for future proposed studies


At the Minnowbrook Conference in September 1968, among the &dquo;relevant&dquo; questions and issues to which participants devoted themselves in the small-group sessions were the following: What is the proper terrain of public administration? What is the social relevance of knowledge in public administration? To what extent are we aware of the social and moral implications of knowledge in public administration? What is the normative or ethical substance of the terrain (Marini, 1971: 6-7)? While the question of the existence of a &dquo;new public administration&dquo; remains open, it seems clear that we are facing a &dquo;time of turbulence&dquo; in public administration (Waldo, 1971), and that much of the unrest is over normative considerations and philosophical issues. It was in this context that, in April 1971, the Comparative Administration Group, with substantial financial assistance from the Albert Schweitzer Chair in the Humanities, held a conference in Syracuse, New York. The objectives of the conference were, according to the coordinator of local


I ntensive care patients needs to oral assessment and oral care for avoid complications caused by orafarengeal bacteria. In this literature review, it is aimed to determine the practice over oral hygiene in mechanical ventilator patients in intensive care unit. For the purpose of collecting data, Medline/pub MED and EBSCO HOST databases were searched with the keywords 'oral hygiene, oral hygiene practice, mouth care, mouth hygiene, intubated, mechanical ventilation, intensive care and critical care" between the years of 2000- 2012. Inclusion criteria for the studies were being performed in adult intensive care unit patients on mechanical ventilation, published in peer-reviewed journals in English between the years of 2000-2012, included oral care practice and presence of a nurse among researchers. A total of 304 articles were identified. Six descriptive evaluation studies, three randomised controlled trials, four literature reviews, three meta-Analysis randomized clinical trials, one qualitative study and one semi-experimental study total 18 papers met all of the inclusion criteria. Oral care is emphasized as an infection control practice for the prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP). In conclusion, we mention that oral care is an important nursing practice to prevent VAP development in intensive care unit patients; however, there is no standard oral evaluation tool and no clarity on oral care practice frequency, appropriate solution and appropriate material . It can be recommended that the study projects on oral care in intensive care patients to have high proof level and be experimental, and longitudinal.


This paper provides an overview of probabilistic project scheduling methodologies and tools. It emphasizes the practical application of Monte Carlo simulation in modeling activity durations. Commercial software for probabilistic scheduling and their limitations in dealing with correlations between activities are discussed. Two case studies are briefly described to show applications of probabilistic scheduling using network and non-network approaches.


It is now 20 years since Dr Tomisaku Kawasaki first reported a series of Japanese children with an illness he called 'acute febrile mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome',' but which is now more commonly referred to as Kawasaki disease.2 The disorder has since been recognised to be an important and relatively common childhood illness, occurring worldwide; and with a greatly increased prevalence in Japan.3 4 The association of Kawasaki disease with coronary artery aneurysms, coronary thrombosis, and myocardial infarction5 has made the disorder an unusually worrying one and has led to considerable efforts to establish its cause. In the past few years there have been exciting advances in the understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical spectrum, and treatment of Kawasaki disease. The purpose of this article is to review briefly some of these important advances, which are of relevance to paediatricians in this country.


Background and Aims The training in esophageal stricture dilation is difficult to obtain and have few simulation models. The aim of the study was to evaluate a novel stricture simulation for training a wire-guided, controlled radial expansile (CRE) balloon dilation.
 Methods The study was a pretest–posttest design without a control group involving a novel simulation device for esophageal stricture. The training session involved 12 final year gastroenterology fellows from five different centers. The trainees received 2 hours of education sessions featuring didactic content, a live demonstration of step-by-step demonstration of wire-guided CRE balloon dilation and a study material on the procedure. The simulation device used was a single-use hose pipe along with a red color nonhardening modeling clay with a 5.0-to-8.0-mm hole in the center.
 Results All the trainees and instructor uniformly rated the model as excellent or good with simulation device being mild stiffer in haptics than of the real tissue. The mean (%) pretest scores of 39 (21.6%) improved significantly to 160 (88.8%) in mean (%) posttest questionnaire (p < 0.05). There was a significant improvement in the questionnaire of the dilation procedure after the simulation training episode.
 Conclusion The novel stricture simulation model had good performance evaluation and can be used to train CRE balloon dilation procedure.


SUMMARY 3-0-Methyl-D-glucose (3-0MG), a nontoxic nonmetabo lizable derivative of glucose, is effective in reducing the toxicity of streptozotocin (SZ). In mice the administration of 3-0MG prior to SZ increased the dose that killed 50% of the animals from 240 to 340 mg/kg. Furthermore, the combination of 3-0MG plus nicotinamide (also effective in reducing SZ toxicity) increased the dose that killed 50% of the animals to 540 mg/kg. In L1210 leukemic mice treated with SZ, there was a 2-fold increase in the median survival of animals pretreated with 3-0MG and a 3-fold increase in that of animals pretreated with the combination of 3-0MG and nicotinamide. Neither 3-0MG nor nicotinamide alone enhanced the survival of the leukemic mice. Pretreatment of normal mice with 3-0MG partially prevented the expected fall in hepatic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide content. This study suggests that 3-0MG, by protecting normal tissue, will permit the administration of larger therapeutic doses of SZ in leukemic L1210 mice. The protective effect of 3-0MG against SZ toxicity appears to be partially medi ated through conservation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide content in the tissue.


An algorithm which is based on several Kalman filters running in parallel is presented. A test procedure for deciding which Kalman filter to follow, which produces a good estimate of the unobserved system process in a nonlinear filtering problem with piecewise linear dynamics and small observation noise is developed. The results generalize those of W.H. Fleming, D. Ji, and E. Pardoux (1988).<<ETX>>


With the development of tourism industry,the competition in this industry has evolved into the competition of tourism talents.Since professionals cultivated in tourism industry mainly deal with people,some non-intellectual factors such as interpersonal skills,response style for frustration and stress have appeared more and more important.The study makes testings from 678 students in the tourist institutions of higher learning by adopting response-style questionnaire and Tables of Avoidance of Social Contact and Distress.The results show that there exist significant differences in gender,educational background and their location types in terms of their response style( p 0.05).There is significant difference with educational degree on distress in social contact.Students ' response style is significantly related to their social contact status(p 0.01).Therefore,it is suggested that the cultivation of tourism talents should stress not only on the training of their knowledge,skills and intellectuals,but also on the training of their potential capabilities such as their response style and skills of social contact.


(Neftegazovaya Geologiya i Geofizika, no. 1, p. 27–30, 1982) The Bystrin field was discovered in 1964 to the northwest of Surgut in the Tyumen Region of West Siberia. On reflecting horizon B (top of Bazhenov Fm) it is a north-south trending brachy-anticline, which closes on the −2570 structure contour. See Fig. 1. Step-out drilling determined the presence of commercial pools in horizons AS 7, AS8, AS9, BS1, and BS2 of the HauterivBarremian. Well 3 was deepened to the preJurassic basement. It passed through oil-satu rated rocks in the Ty umen Formation of t he Middle Jurassic and the Achimov Member of the lower Neocom ian. The commercial quality of these was unclear, however. Production of horizons BS 1 and BS2 began in 1974 along with study of the deeper horizons, where new oil pools were then discovered. The Tyumen Formation contains horizon YuS 2, which is composed of alternating beds of sandstone, siltstone, and argillite of continental origin. The sandstones are not persistent. Of eleven wells, four yielded oil, three gave water, one was dry, and th e rest have not been tested. The Achimov Member has been penetrated by 25 wells. Eleven yielded oil, one water, and the rest are being tested. The lensing character of the section makes co rrelation difficult. See Fig. 2. In test production during 1979-80 yield ranged from 2.04 to 25.94 tons per day. © Petroleum Geology: A digest of Russian literature on Petroleum Geology, 2013


1990s Taking charge early Dionne Hernandez-Lugo was in fifth grade when she got her first microscope from her mother. She collected samples from the yard of their home in Puerto Rico and delighted in seeing each component. She was already devoted to math—at family gatherings, she would ask her aunt to write long math problems she could work on while the adults talked—but the gift sparked her interest in science. It also came in handy a few months later when her science teacher brought out microscopes for the class to inspect the layers of an onion but couldn't get the instruments to focus. "I was the one focusing the microscope for everyone to be able to see," she says. 2008 Finding her way to chemistry Hernandez-Lugo carried those leadership skills with her as an undergraduate at the University of Puerto Rico, Humacao. As president of a premed student group, she


At the root of the Lisbon goal, for Europe, is placed the awareness for advocating a close link between growth and dissemination of advanced knowledge and innovation, on the one hand, and raising in general endowments in human capital, on the other hand, as to have power over the development of non-specific skills and boost efficiency. Much work in literature also stressed the interest of the position concerning traditional activities in the geography of innovation and links, in the long term, between the spatial distribution of longestablished skills and knowledge creation. Following Jones, in this approach, for which contribution to R&D and innovation explains half of the increase in wealth per capita, a third of that drive comes from the qualitative improvement of the workforce and the rest from population dynamics. Here we test that the R&D contribution remains a major cause of regional growth in France in competition with the one coming from human capital development. It is obvious that many issues of inertia, considering time and space, are raised along this attempt. However, these results do not invalidate as economically inefficient in terms of regional development the scattering over the whole nation for-enterprise and public research activities. The R&D specialization impact, on regional growth, confirmed here drives a broad similar effect coming from private or public sector. The impact drives by human capital is also validated, with an impact of magnitude close to the one for physical capital. Indeed, models tested here, run on the longest period permitted by the availability in regional statistics, highlight the complementary for explaining growth between a global impact through the stock of general education, on the one hand, and on the other part, the impact of personnel engaged with the creation of knowledge through R&D.


Background/Aims: To estimate the clinical value of bacterial detection in peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP) by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This study was undertaken to evaluate multiplex RT-PCR for identifying clinically significant bacteria in PDAP. Methods: Seventy peritoneal dialysate specimens were collected and traditional bacterial culture and universal primer RT-PCR detection of the bacterial were used. Results: The positive rate of traditional culture method was 65.71% (46/70) and that of universal primer RT-PCR was 81.42% (57/70). For 6 clinical commonly pathogenic bacteria, multiplex, and monoplex RT-PCR all detected 38 positive ones within the 57 specimens that were detected positive by universal primer RT-PCR. The results of the 2 methods were completely identical. Detecting bacteria by universal primer PCR and Monoplex RT-PCR needs 4–5 and 6–9 h, respectively, while multiplex RT-PCR needs less than 3 h. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that the multiplex RT-PCR can detect several kinds of bacteria simultaneously and it is also more practical and convenient than monoplex RT-PCR.


118Background: The Prostate Cancer Research International: Active Surveillance (PRIAS) study is a large international prospective observational AS study that commenced in 2006. Japan has participat...


Sensors in Motion Inc. is developing a navigation grade 6 DOF MEMS INS using its proprietary and patented technologies. The military is investing in INS and IMU technology which can answer its needs as well as provide the baseline for hundreds of other DOD and commercial applications which need a C-swap sensitive utility. SIM's technology for MEMS gyros was conceived to address past problems associated with MEMS gyroscopes while leveraging the C-swap benefits of high volume, high yield batch fabrication, automated packaging, self-calibration, and thermal compensation. A key requirement for the MEMS Gyroscope is controlled vacuum-levels to obtain high Q devices. Gyro die are packaged using a multilayer package and getter system, which provides and maintains sealed vacuum cavities. Die are assembled into the LCC package using conventional assembly techniques and the package cavity is sealed using an SST 3150 high-vacuum sealing system. The SST system is used to activate a thin-film getter layer on the packa...


Breast cancer is most frequently metastasize dura, bone and parenchyma in cranial tissue. Symptoms vary according to the location of the metastasis. Masses may be solid, cystic and partial cystic form. Cystic intracranial metastases of breast cancer is very rare. Radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy could be performed after surgery. Forty-eight-year-old female patient was admitted with complaints of headache and generalized tonicclonic seizure. Patient underwent surgery for cancer of the left breast for eight years ago. Left total mastectomy and left axillary lymphadenectomy was performed. Pathology was determined as adenoid cystic carcinoma. Adjuvant chemotherapy was applied to patients with lymph nodes metastasis detected. Cranial MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imagination) was performed after eight years after breast surgery. In the left frontal and cerebellar midline, large cystic mass lesions were detected in cranial MRI. PET–CT (Positron Emission Tomography) examination was not detected in any other organ metastases. There was no pathology in terms of breast surgery consultation. Both cranial lesions were underwent surgery twice in one week. In the pathological examination of the patient, cystic breast cancer metastasis was detected. Whole brain radiotherapy was performed to the patient after surgery. We want to emphasize that in cranial cystic metastasis, rarely come across if breast cancer metastasis should be considered in differential diagnosis.


Traffic accident density prediction is an significant topic of road safety. This study uses some data in the census tracts in California to develop traffic accident density models using two different modeling approaches. In this paper, the dependent variable was the density of traffic crash which is a measure of the relative distribution of traffic crashes. The random forest regression was used to predict crash density. But many machine learning models like this are like a black-box, which can't find the causal relationship between features and targets. For many practical problems, it is often more important to explain why a phenomenon happens than improving the model's predictability. As a result, differed from pure predictive study, the generalized additive model (GAM) was introduced which was an interpretable statistical model to achieve explanatory analysis. The GAM explores which independent variables will have an impact on response variables and the extent of their impact. Thus, the traffic accident density prediction of this practical problem has more credibility analysis.


The cost of research makes it imperative that many characteristics that might be tabulated for correlation with abstention be eliminated at the outset—such as color of eyes, height, weight, disease history, size collar, and fondness for bon-bons. Instead the "fact-finder" concentrates on variables that he believes — t̂hrough deduction from some set of hypotheses—are more likely to influence voting behavior. Thus deduction—perhaps of a low level, but still deduction— is essential for empirical research. In short, there is no such thing as "purely empirical fact-finding." Furthermore, it seems to me unwise to eschew any form of research, even seemingly grandiose deductive schemes, on a priori grounds. The history of all the sciences, behavioral and otherwise, proves that knowledge progresses in unexpected ways, and that no channel of research should be thrown out of court simply because it appears "too advanced" for some observers. I believe that extensive deductive systems like my own in fact embody Rogers's own conviction that "empirical study must start from a few relatively simple guesses at what generalities hold." My basic hypotheses are exactly such guesses, and the model world they inhabit is designed to move them into empirical significance. If such models aid in guiding empirical research—as they certainly have in the past— or even if they merely provide enlightening insights into politics, I believe they are a methodologically sound way in which to advance our knowledge of reality.


The objective of this work was to evaluate the attractiveness of cowpea genotypes for Bemisia tabaci B-biotype oviposition, and to identify possible sources of resistance. Fifty-one genotypes were evaluated using free-choice tests. The genotypes were randomly divided into two groups, using the genotype Canapu as a susceptible control. The fourteen most promising genotypes (seven from each group) were selected for complementary testing (with or without choice). In the free-choice test, BRS-Urubuquara, TVU-36, TE93-244-23 F-1, BR 17-Gurgueia, BRS-Marataoa, MNC99-541 F-21, and TE97-304 G-4 were less attractive to the whitefly. The genotypes TE93-244-23 F-1 and TVU-36 stud out and showed non-preference resistance for ovoposition. In the no-choice test, the genotype TVU-36 showed resistance by this same mechanism.


In deformation monitoring,mean square error is the standard for accuracy.To obtain deformation rule and to monitor dam safety situation,requirements for monitoring accuracy should be advanced and be different between high dams and low dams.Oscillating dam body is not suitable for distribution of basic working points,because their displacement is measured by inverted plumb line whose measurement accuracy would exert influence on the accuracy of whole system.


The paper presents the control procedure for complex periodic profiles exemplified by gyratory pairs. The mathematical apparatus is described to transform the results of measurements by using the Dura Max coordinate measuring machine (CMM) from Carl Zeiss. The procedure for estimating the accuracy of an actual profile is investigated by comparing it with a mathematical model by employing the criterion of least squares.


AbstractIn order to extend the latest findings on the in-plane shear behavior of rectangular unreinforced masonry (URM) wallettes with soft-layer bed joints and gain insight into the possible influ...


Keyword : thin films, Young modulus, nanostructures Abstract. We have uniformly coated cantilever of an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) with metallic thin films. These films are deposited with a system of Metal Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation and Deposition (MePIIID). The metals used for deposition were gold, platinum and palladium. These films are nanostructured with thickness going from 18 up to 111 nm. We have determined the Young modulus of the metallic thin films (E 2). The E 2 values for gold, platinum and palladium are: 69,1 ± 2.6 GPa, 139.7 ± 2.7 GPa and 115.1 ± 2.1 GPa, that are about 12%, 12% and 7 % lower than the respective bulk elastic modulus.


This article presents the narrative and lived experiences of de facto single mothers (DFSM), a category of single mothers who, by law, are not 'single mothers' but in reality, are living like any other single mothers. In many cases, this category of single mothers is simply referred to as "abandoned wives". A substantial body of literature exist on single mothers in Malaysia; however, the literature that specifically focuses on the DFSM is scanty. Using in-depth interviews and observation, this article explores the experiences and narratives of five DFSM in Penang Island. Findings have shown that DFSM are more vulnerable and marginalised than legally separated mothers (divorced). Not having a divorce certificate would also mean that they are not legally a 'single mother' and therefore, in many cases, are not qualified to be registered as members of Single Mother's Association and almost often are deprived of government assistance. This has led to what is called a "Double Abandoned" phenomenon when not only are these women abandoned by their husbands (or sometimes families) but also by the relevant institutional agencies. It is suggested that the government should seriously address the struggles and challenges faced by these DFSM so that a better support and facilities are made available to this group.


The autotrophic Baltic Sea acts as a sink for atmospheric CO2, however it is also characterised by nitrogen limitation and nitrogen accumulation, the latter indicating heterotrophy. Physical and biogeochemical processes generate this paradox, since the developments of the seasonal thermocline, the spring bloom and the riverine nitrogen inputs start during early spring. The Baltic Intermediate Water (BIW) is separated from the above surface layer, i.e., from the euphotic zone preventing a significant amount of the former winter mixed layer nitrogen from being used by phytoplankton, which finally becomes nitrogen limited. The deepening of the mixed layer in autumn reintegrates the nitrogen constrained within the BIW into the surface layer. Nitrogen in turn accumulates over an annual time scale depending on the riverine nitrogen loads. The temporal nitrogen enclosure in the BIW buffers the potential impact of nutrient inputs on the Baltic Sea and its trophic state.


Recently it has been suggested that spiral galaxies are opaque in the B band [Valentijn, Nature, 346, 153 (1990)]. We have investigated the dependence of surface brightness on inclination for galaxies in the near-infrared H band, where absorption by dust affects the light to a much lesser extent. By examining large samples with data from the literature, together with some new surface photometry, we find that spirals behave in a semi-transparent way, with face-on absorption in H averaging ≃0.10 mag. From near-infrared images we find that the scale height of the dust in spiral galaxies is ≃0.5-0.6 times that of the stars


An automorphic loop (or A-loop) is a loop whose inner mappings are automorphisms. An open problem in [P. Jedlicka, M. K. Kinyon and P. Vojtěchovský, Nilpotency in automorphic loops of prime power order, J. Algebra350 (2012) 64–76] was: Are all A-loops of order p2 for some prime p associative? In this paper we give a positive answer to this problem.


Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is markedly upregulated by high glucose (HG) and contributes to Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) development partly by inhibiting the endogenous antioxidant thioredoxin. We postulate that this contributes to the nitrosylation and oxidation of GAPDH, which has been found in neuronal cells to promote GAPDH-Siah1 binding and nuclear translocation, leading to apoptosis. The goal of this study was to determine if TXNIP regulates GAPDH-Siah1 signalling and if DN can be prevented by blocking this pathway. In vitro results show that HG caused significant nuclear localization of both GAPDH and Siah1 and upregulation of apoptotic markers in cultured wildtype mesangial cells (MCs), but not TXNIP-/(KO) MCs. In vivo, deprenyl, an inhibitor of GAPDH-Siah1 binding, protected diabetic mice from developing various structural and functional markers of DN. These data suggest that the GAPDH-Siah1 pathway has a pathogenic role in DN and is downstream of TXNIP signalling.


Irrigation happens to be the backbone of the civilized society since tim e imm emori al. With population increasing at an ex ponential rate and land areas being curved short accommodating this enormous population, several new and innovative practices are coming up. The subject of talk in this paper therefore relates to the different techniques of using natural resources. Although many innovative techniques have been employed towards Automated Irrigation, they mostly indulge simple On - Off based controller. Ar t i f i c i a l N e ur a l Network can give us a good am ount of r em edy from the existing problem s as it can operate upon the valves and actuator s connect ed to the system as and when required. Taking into consideration


A comparative analysis of European (PhEur 8.4) and «Tausendguldenkraut» German (DAB 10) pharmacopoeias requirements to the "Bitterness value" test was carried out. It has been shown, that the results of research of 21 series of centaury herb, collected in different regions of Ukraine, meets the PhEur 8.4 requirements "Bitterness value" and are characterized by poor convergence of results. Aim. The aim of our research was to compare PhEur 8.4 and DAB 10 requirements to the "Bitterness value" test, and to substantiate the choice of method according to the PhEur requirements. Methods. 2.8.15. "Bitterness value" test, described in 2.8. "Pharmacognosy methods" chapter (PhEur/SPhU), which allows determining general bitters content in herbal material. Results. Bitters content in 21 series of centaury herb was determined. Results of research show that the analyzed samples of centaury herb meet the requirements of PhEur 8.4. Monograph "Bitterness value". Conclusion. National samples of centaury herb study in terms of "Bitterness value" according to the «Centaury» PhEur 8.4. and «Tausendguldenkraut» DAB 10 Monographs requirements was carried out. A comparative analysis of the normative documents has shown that the "Bitterness value" test is rational to carry out in accordance to 2.8.15. "Bitterness value" PhEur 8.4/SPhU. The given method is based on subjective assessment and sensitivity of experts' taste receptors, which can lead to poor convergence of results of bitters content determination by different experts


Food in general is a useful marker of cultural exchange because changes in diet as well as changes in the representation of diet tell us something about the way one culture reacts to the impact of another not only in material terms but also in terms of self-definition and self-fashioning. This article therefore analyses material sources such as cookery books, diaries and memoirs, but also looks at the literary and visual representation of food. It does so in the context of Anglo-French relations during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries – a period when the culinary battles still familiar today first took hold in England, and to a lesser extent, in France.


—One of the most important aspects of moving for- ward to the next generation networks like 5G/6G, is to enable network slicing in an efficient manner. The most challenging issues are the uncertainties in computation and communication demand. Because the slices' arrive to the network in different times and their lifespans vary, the solution should dynamically react to online slice requests. The joint problem of online admission control and resource allocation considering the energy consumption is formulated mathematically. It is based on Binary Linear Programming (BLP), where, the Γ -Robustness concept is exploited to overcome Virtual Links (VL) bandwidths' and Vir- tual Network Functions (VNF) workloads' uncertainties. Then, an optimal algorithm is proposed. This optimal algorithm cannot be solved in a reasonable amount of time for real-world and large-scale networks. To find near-optimal solution efficiently, a new heuristic algorithm is developed. The assessments' results indicate that the efficiency of heuristic is vital in increasing the accepted requests' count, decreasing power consumption and providing adjustable tolerance vs. the VNFs workloads' and VLs traffics' uncertainties, separately. Considering the acceptance ratio and power consumption that constitute the two important components of the objective function, heuristic has about 7% and 10% optimality gaps, respectively, while being about 30X faster than that of optimal algorithm.


OBJECTIVE To understand the current situation and influence factor of two-week prevalence rate of urban insured residents,and provide the reference basis for medical and health service work of urban insured residents through understanding the health service demand vnlrpfalgp.METHODS Using the method of cluster randomized sampling,1 133 residents of 343 families from Shizuishan.941 person were interviewed.RESULTS The two-week prevalence rate of urban insured residents was 22.85%.Logistic regression analyses showed that women relative prevalence risk was 1.543 times than that of men.The two-week relative prevalence risk of Hui people was 1.711 times than that of Han people.The two-week relative prevalence risk of chronic illness was 8.107 times than that of normal people.CONCLUSION The two-week prevalence rate of Shizuishan insured residents was similar to the national level,which is lower than that of Ningxia resudents in 1998.The main influence factors of the two-week prevalence rate are gender,nationality,per capita annual income,marital status and chronic illness status.


A matrix calculating model of reheater absorbed heat has been established by using strictly mathematic deduction, being suitable for calculating the reheater absorbed heat in partial quantitative analysis for equipments in the thermodynamic system. The overlaborate physical analysis process is described by the said model using matrix lanquage, having features of high accuracy, strong universality, and suitable for computerization, being convenient for popularization and application.


The endocardial boundary detection of the left ventricle (LV) of the heart is a valuable diagnostic step to determine the abnormalities of the heart. In this paper, an automated method to obtain the endocardial boundary is proposed. The watershed transformation is performed on the morphological image to localize the region contained the LV (ROI). The DDGVF field is then utilized dynamically to deform the snake into the endocardial boundary of the LV.


neuroscience, inform our understanding of people, including coaches, as moral agents? What does the field of moral psychology tell us about what people are like and, in particular, about how they make decisions, and how might this knowledge help frame our understanding of coaches' limitations? There is still much fruit to be cultivated in the fertile field of coaching ethics. For those inclined to labour there, this book sets a high standard of excellence. Any subsequent treatments of the ethics of coaching will be challenged to attain it.


In a combination of indoor antibacterial test and field disease prevention trial,a simulation test was conducted to study the effects of different concentractions of lauric acid on tomato leaf mould hypha growth,disease resistance and physiological effect.The results showed that at the concentration of 0.05~1lmmol?L~(-1),tomato leaf mold hyphae was inhibited at different degrees.0.1 mmol?L~(-1) bacteriostatic had the best effect,with maximum inhibition rate of 33.64%after 5d culture.The field disease prevention trial also showed that 0.1mmol?L~(-1) the incidence of only 55.67%,the disease index of 32.50,the disease control effect of 44.33%.Different concentrations of lauric acid different degrees of promoting root growth,0.1mmol?L~(-1) increased the root activity by 53.05%,27.24%,95.34%than CK respectively.The MDA content and relative electricity conductivity were inhibited by lauric acid at a appropriate concentration,and the inhibitory rates were enhanced with the increasing concentration.Up to 0.1mmol?L~(-1),lauric acid presented the strongest inhibition.With the increasing of lauric acid concentration(0.05-0.lmmol?L~(-1)),PAL activity,PPO activity and POD activity were promoted,and O.lmmol?L~(-1) treatment had the biggest allelopathic proration,increased by 80.01%,40.6%,20.86%than CK respectively


The short-circuit current level has become the most prominent constraint for composite power grid. Consequently, it is of unprecedented necessity to adopt specific measures to limit the short-circuit current levels in transmission network planning. A multi-objective model is proposed in this paper to configure current limiting measures. The proposed model is risk-based which considers both the occurrence probabilities and consequence severity levels of short circuit events. NSGA-II is utilized to solve the Pareto proposed model, which provides a Pareto set of optimal current limiting solutions, rather than a single solution. This proposed method effectively enhances both the cost-effectiveness and decision flexibility in current limiting planning.


THE FROG-BOARD MYOGRAPH. The term myograph was originally applied to the whole apparatus used in recording the contraction of a muscle. The pendulum myograph of Helmholtz included the muscle-clamp, the muscle-lever and the moving surface (pendulum) on which the myogram or muscle-tracing was recorded. After the rotating cylinder came into use as a recording surface under the name of the kymograph, the term myograph has been applied to that portion of the apparatus which represented the muscle-clamp and the lever with the load and the tracing point. Such an apparatus traces on the kymograph the muscle-curve or myogram. The myograph has taken several forms: In the simple myograph of Helmholtz, in the muscle-signal of Du Bois Reymond, and in several other forms the muscle is exposed to the atmosphere. The changes wrought by the atmosphere soon put the muscle-nerve preparation into an abnormal condition and the


In this paper, we present a Micro‐LED panel research results. We have developed Micro‐LED devices with a minimum of 5um. The photoelectric performance of Micro‐LED devices far exceeds that of OLED and other existing display components. Many characteristic changes occur after miniaturization of devices, which cannot be explained by traditional classical models.


Due to the one general outstanding and widely accepted quality of nonlinearity in semiconductor optical amplifiers(SOA), has made it the finest attractive source for the actualization of all different kinds of optical logic functions in optical networks. This is because of their capabilities to provide strong change of their refractive index and high gain. In this work, ultrafast all optical logic gates are demonstrated and are simulated based on the different SOA nonlinearities and the detuning optical band pass filter using Cross gain modulation (XGM) and Cross Phase modulation (XPM). The scheme has been used to reconfigure and implement XOR, AND, and OR gates with their experimental results obtained using Optisystem which are well in tune with the standard global results.


The semiconductor laser system includes a diode laser tiles. Diode lasers tile comprises a mount having a second side opposite the first side and the first side surface, and a semiconductor laser pump arrays bonded to a first side of the mount. The semiconductor laser system, thermally bonded electrical pulse oscillator diode bar, as well as the diode bar and the cooling member which is thermally bonded to the electrical pulse generator comprises. .FIELD 1


In this comment we present an analysis of electroweak neutral triple gauge boson couplings projected out of the gauge sector of the extended non-commutative standard model. A brief overview of the current experimental situation is given.


In2Ge2O7/SnO2 core-shell nanowires were synthesized by using a two-step process: thermal evaporation of a mixture of In and Ge powders and atomic layer deposition of SnO2. The core-shell nanowires were characterized using by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The In2Ge2O7 cores in these core-shell nanowires varied from 50 to100 nanometers in diameter and up to a few hundreds of micrometers in length, and the SnO2 shell layer thickness ranged from 5 to 15 nm. Photoluminescence measurements showed that the In2Ge2O7 nanowires had a weak broad violet emission band centered at approximately 405 nm. In contrast, the In2Ge2O7/SnO2 core-shell nanowires had a taller blue-violet emission peak at approximately 440 nm. The optimum shell layer thickness of the In2Ge2O7/SnO2 core-shell nanowires for the highest PL intensity was found to be 15 nm. Our results also showed that the intensity of the blue-violet emission was increased further by thermal annealing in an Ar atmosphere. The origins of the change on and the enhancement of the luminescence of the In2Ge2O7 nanowires by SnO2 coating and annealing are discussed.


: This article will analyze Food Law from a gender perspective. Thus, the author develops the normative and jurisprudential framework on the subject in Peru. Likewise, quantitative and qualitative data on the resolution of conflicts regarding this topic are reviewed, which will allow to glimpse the interaction between the normative, structural and political-cultural components of the legal phenomenon Finally, the author develops an analysis on the application of a perspective gender in the regulation and practice of alimony.


Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are emerging as a promising family of new agents in the therapy of hematologic malignancies. We have shown that phenyhexyl isothiocyanate(PHI) is a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor and can also modulate histone methylation in leukemia cells. In this study we investigated the effect of PHI on human myeloma cell line RPMI8226 in vitro. We have observed that cell proliferation was inhibited by PHI in a dose and time dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis indicated an arrest in G0/G1 phase, and significant apoptosis was detected in PHI treated RPMI8226 cells. The accumulation of P21 and reduced Levels of PCNA were detected. We also examined the effect of PHI on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production by the myeloma cells. Treatment with 20μM PHI for 24hrs led to a decrease of VEGF concentration by 50% of that secreted by the control cells. VEGF production further decreased to 25% when the cells were exposed to PHI for 48hrs. These data suggest that myeloma cells are sensitive to the novel HDAC inhibitor, and PHI may become a novel agent in multiple myeloma therapy.


Objective To evaluate the feasibility of an aggressive surgical approach incorporating major hepatic resection after biliary drainage and preoperative portal vein embolization for patients with hilar bile duct cancer. Summary Background Data Although many surgeons have emphasized the importance of major hepatectomy in terms of curative resection for patients with hilar bile duct cancer, this procedure results in a high incidence of postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients with cholestasis-induced impaired liver function. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 140 patients with hilar bile duct cancer treated from 1990 through 2001. Resectional surgery was performed in 79 patients, 69 of whom underwent major hepatic resection. Thirteen patients underwent concomitant pancreaticoduodenectomy. Preoperative biliary drainage was carried out in all 65 patients who had obstructive jaundice. Portal vein embolization was conducted in 41 of 51 patients undergoing extended right hepatectomy. Short- and long-term outcomes were evaluated. Results No patient experienced postoperative liver failure (maximum total bilirubin level, 5.4 mg/dL). The in-hospital mortality rate was 1.3% (1 in 79, resulting from cerebral infarction). A histologically negative resection margin was obtained more frequently when the scheduled extended hepatic resection was conducted (75% vs 44%, P = 0.0178). The estimated 5-year survival rate was 40% when histologically negative resection margins were obtained, but only 6% if the margins were positive. Multivariate analysis identified the resection margin and nodal status as independent factors predictive of survival. Conclusions Extensive resection, mainly extended right hemihepatectomy, after biliary drainage and preoperative portal vein embolization, when necessary, for patients with hilar bile duct cancer canbe performed safely and is more likely to result in histologically negative margins than other resection methods.


Technology advancement has given a great impact on education. Whereby e-learning becomes the main base to conventional approach in teaching and learning. Thus " Sistem Pengajaran Kendiri Sejarah "Self-Access Learning via the website to help students to excel in Paper 1 Sejarah SPM. The Subject is a compulsory in SPM paper. It covers the form four and form five syllabus. It has 40 questions and student are not really keen to learn this subject because its current approach and a vague/general topic which make it difficult. There for MPK Sejarah has combined MPK approach base on Module Teras Cabang introduced by Dr. Shaharom Nordin in 1994. This approach is more effective compared to Portal Pendidikan. The SPM Candidates are the main target. They can access the reference notes, model test paper and any related information at any time. MPK Sejarah approach has been introduced in stages to ensure its effectiveness can be improved from time to time.


Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete obstruction of the upper airway. This results in non-restorative sleep leading to daytime sleepiness and decreased quality of life. It is estimated that 1-5% of the worldwide population suffer from OSA, however the prevalence within athletes is largely unknown.


Large-scale electric vehicle charging has a significant impact on power grid load, disorderly charging will increase power grid peak load. This article proposes an orderly charging mechanism based on TOU price. To build an orderly charging model by researching TOU price and user price reaction model. This article research the impact of electric vehicle charging on grid load by orderly charging model. With this model the grid's peak and valley characteristics, the utilization of charging equipment, the economics of grid operation can all be improved.


Research has indicated that anxiety adversely affects learning. Schools charged with student learning and achievement need to address anxiety. However, determining the efficacy of anxiety prevention programs or strategies may be problematic. School leaders that wish to address anxiety with students will have difficulty in finding an anxiety prevention program or strategies that are evidence-based. This places a burden on school leaders' decisions regarding the allocation of additional resources to implement such services. The purpose of the current study is to examine the perceptions of K-2 school teachers' perceptions on school anxiety in the children they serve. Information obtained from teachers' perspectives may be used to help with future prevention efforts in schools. The study used a qualitative methodology, specifically, phenomenology. Subjects included K-2 school teachers. Interviews were transcribed and coded, using manual coding. The emergent themes were used as a way to recognize and categorize student anxiety at the K-2 level. The findings revealed that signs of anxiety in primary students include tears, withdrawn, acting out, and body language. Causes of anxiety at the primary level include fear of the unknown, home life, Common Core, and technology. Furthermore, the findings verified the theoretical framework of this study – the ACT theory. The ACT theory posits that anxiety causes lack of concentration and brain fatigue. The findings in this study revealed that anxious students could not think clearly, focus, or finish work. Additionally, possible viable strategies or programs used by teachers were identified that decrease anxiety in students. Document Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Education (EdD) Department Executive Leadership First Supervisor Linda Doty Subject Categories Education This dissertation is available at Fisher Digital Publications: https://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/education_etd/316 K-2 Teacher Perception of Anxiety


In HTS, the HTK HMM definition (please see HTKBook [1] Chapter 7) has been modified to support MSD [2], stream-level tying, and adaptation of multi-stream HMMs. This section gives its brief description. First, <MSDInfo> is added to global options of the HTK HMM definition language The arguments to the <MSDInfo> option are the number of streams (default 1) and then for each stream, 0 (non-MSD stream) or 1 (MSD stream) of that stream. The full set of global options in HTS is given below. globalOpts = option { option } option = <HmmSetId> string | <StreamInfo> short { short } | <MSDInfo> short { short } | <VecSize> short | <ProjSize> short | <InputXform> inputXform | <ParentXform> ∼a macro | covkind | durkind | parmkind


Apple snails in the genus Pomacea are not native to Pakistan. They were first discovered in Pakistan in 2009, in Haleji Lake, Sindh. Initially, the species was identified as P. canaliculata but subsequently this was corrected to P. maculata. The introduction of these snails to Haleji Lake was a result of the aquarium trade. The snails were imported to Pakistan by an aquarium fish trader and were raised in the vicinity of Haleji Lake, from where they were introduced to the lake. In a few years they completely invaded the lake, establishing populations throughout the lake as a result of their rapid growth and high rate of egg production. Since then they have spread beyond the lake and reached rice fields. However, dense populations of the snails are not evident so far in the paddy fields and there has been no record of agricultural losses due to apple snails as yet. There is need for stricter controls and enhanced education as a priority to prevent their future invasion of highly economically valued agricultural fields. Additional keywords: Ampullariidae, invasive species, Mollusca, Pomacea


Some of the most meaningful products of my academic life are the friendships that I have formed over the years with "respondents" and "participants." Often, they have emerged from the research, but in other situations, they have driven the research itself. My PhD dissertation methods chapter provides an extended account of how my longstanding friendship with two people who were unhappy with the nongovernment organization in which they worked drove my interest and critique of that organization. Yet, when I put that fact into a manuscript that I eventually submitted more than a decade ago to this very journal, a colleague advised me to remove it. Even then, my "bias" met with critique. "There is too much emotion," a reviewer intoned. "While I appreciate the direct attention to demonstrating the importance of this issue, the rhetoric is too heated and the tone is too dismissive." Make no mistake: I actually cringed when I re-read the early version of the eventually published article (Ganesh, 2003). The voice in which I was speaking (or perhaps shouting) came off as shrill, the manuscript was clumsily put together, the writing was poor, and many arguments lacked nuance. I am deeply grateful to the reviewers who engaged that piece despite its flaws, and the revision process, trial by fire though it was, taught me a thing or two about writing for communication journals. One of those lessons was the notion that ideas needed to be presented in a considered, manifestly dispassionate, and quasi-realist tone. There are a host of robust warrants for this argument, including the need for methodological transparency and the need for qualitative research to be presented as rigorous,


Steroids have been used for infantile hemangiomas for many years. Propranolol has been prescribed more recently. To compare the efficacy of the two


It is an established fact that the response to color is an indicator of affective or emotional experience; this is one of the basic premises upon which the Rorschach psychodiagnostic test of perception and apperception is based. It is of interest, therefore, to inquire how color in contrast to non-color is representative of the affect on a test which leaves one with only a choice of these two. The aim of this paper is to show the relationship between color responses on the Rorschach test and color responses on the Lindberg test. In this connection it will also be shown how factors for lack of spontaneity are or are not balanced by factors for lability or spontaneity.


We introduce L-nets as a game model of concurrent interaction. L-nets, which correspond to strategies (in Games Semantics) or designs (in Ludics), are graphs, and the interactions (plays) result into partial orders, hence allowing for parallelism.


Programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) gene located on chromosome 2 (gene locus: 2q37.3) encodes a cell surface membrane protein of the immunoglobulin super-family. It acts as an immunoinhibitory receptor of the CD28 family, involved in tumor immune escape process. PD-1 is expressed in pro-B-cells involved in their differentiation, whereas its role in apoptotic death process in under consideration. Concerning its downstream pathway, PD-1 interacts with two potential ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2 transmembrane proteins implicated in different levels of expression in specific functions regulation [1]. Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1), also known as CD274 (cytogenetic band:9p24.1), is expressed predominantly in most hematopoietic cells and also in epithelial cells, including pancreatic islet cells and vascular endothelial cells. Additionally, PD-L1 is expressed on the thymic cortex, on thymocytes and in the thymic medulla. Also, dendritic cells express PD-L1 reducing the initial phase of activation and expansion of self-reactive T cells. Concerning PD-L2, also known as CD273 (cytogenetic band:9p24.1), its expression is restricted to macrophages and dendritic cells. The PD-1/ PD-L1 pathway delivers inhibitory signals that regulate both peripheral and central tolerance. Its main role is the inhibition of T lymphocyte proliferation, survival and other functions (cytotoxicity,cytokine release). Furthermore, it causes apoptosis of tumor-specific T cells and also differentiation of CD4+ T, inducing resistance of tumor cells to cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) lineage attack. Aberrant overexpression of PD-L1 enhances the inflammatory process and also allows cancers to evade the host immune system by suppressing T cell activation and inducing peripheral tolerance [2]. High PD-L1 expression seems to be correlated with an elevated metastatic ability of malignant cells leading also to poor prognosis in a variety of malignancies including colon cancer, breast carcinoma, esophageal cancer, non-small cell lung cancers and melanoma. In ovarian and renal cell carcinomas and also in glioblastomas, PD-L1 Is it rational to extend the duration of preventive endocrine treatment in hormone receptor positive ductal carcinoma in situ?


Purpose – To present a Mobile Scanning System for digitizing three‐dimensional (3D) models of real‐world terrain.Design/methodology/approach – A combination of sensors (video, laser range, positioning, orientation) is placed on a mobile platform, which moves past the scene to be digitized. Data fusion from the sensors is performed to construct an accurate 3D model of the target environment.Findings – The developed system can acquire accurate models of real‐world environments in real time, at resolutions suitable for a variety of tasks.Originality/value – Treating the individual subsystems of the mobile scanning system independently yields a robust system that can be easily reconfigured on the fly for a variety of scanning scenarios.


The energy loss spectrum of the molecular nitrogen in the energy region 12 -14 eV has been measured at 300 eV impact energy and in the range of scattering angles of 2.75℃- 10.25℃. The differential cross sections and generalized oscillator strengths have been determined for individual vibronic excitation band (v' = 1 - 4) of b1Пu from the ground state of N2 and the absolute optical oscillator strengths have also been obtained by taking the limit of K→ 0. Results have been compared with experimental data and theoretical calculations previously published.


The concentrations of fifteen metals (Mg, Na, Ca, K, Se, Zn, Mn, Fe, Pb, Cr, Cu, Cd, Sb, Ni and Co) were determined in water taken from ten artesian wells (AW) in Semberija in order to obtain a general metal profile of water in this region. The principal components analysis (PCA) was used in this classification. Two factors controlling the metal variability were obtained by using principal component analysis, which accounted for nearly 71.5% of the total variance. Natural (lithogenic) factor is represented by PC1, while anthropogenic factor is represented by PC2. PC1 with high contribution of Mn, Mg, Na, K, Ca, Zn and Se accounting for 41.84% of the total variance, while PC2 exhibits high loading for Cd, Ni, Sb, Cr and Pb (29.66%). Three general areas (clusters) with different metal characteristics were detected. Water from artesian wells in first cluster (AW1–AW6) had much higher metal concentration compared with those in the second (AW7–AW9) and third cluster (AW10). That is as a result of anthropogenic inputs. Also, the analysis of water demonstrated slightly elevated values for Mn (concentrations up to 0.176 mg/L), while concentrations of the other investigated elements are below the values recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA).


A magnetometer-based orbit determination batch e lter has been improved and tested with real e ight data from Dynamics Explorer 2 (DE-2), the Magnetic Field Satellite (MAGSAT), and the O rsted satellite. These tests have been conducted to determine the performance of a low-cost autonomous orbit determination system. The spacecraft' s orbit, magnetometer biases, and correction terms to the Earth' s magnetic e eld are estimated by this e lter. Synthesized sun-sensor data, in addition to real magnetometer data, are used to make the e eld model correction terms observable. The e lter improvements include a new dynamics model and consideration of a priori variancesforthee eldmodel corrections.Thebestperformancethathasbeenachieved withthise lterisamaximum position error of 4.48 km for a 2-day batch of DE-2 data with second-order/degree e eld model corrections and 2.35 km for a 24-h batch of MAGSAT data with second-order/degree e eld model corrections. The maximum position error for a 24-h batch of O rsted data is 59.50 km without e eld model corrections, but is only 2.19 km with 10th-order/degree e eld model corrections.


A novel compact 3 × 3 Nolen matrix beamforming network is proposed in this study. Unlike the Butler matrix and Blass matrix, in this design, the proposed feeding network only requires couplers and phase shifters and removes crossovers and load terminations. To minimise the size, the authors' proposed novel Nolen matrix is realised by lumped-element couplers. First, the design theory for 3 × 3 Nolen matrix is derived, and the associated pyramidal layout consisting of three couplers with two coupling ratios and three-phase shifters is proposed. Based on the determined topology, the S
-parameters of the proposed feeding network and desired coupling ratios are derived, and it is found that the phase differences among the output ports are dependent on the characteristics of the couplers. Then, each coupler is realised by using lumped-elements (including inductors and capacitors) in the proposed topologies, where the values of the elements are obtained by analysing the ABCD
-matrix of the branch lines in the couplers. To verify the proposed concept, an experimental prototype working at 1 GHz is fabricated and tested. The simulation and measurement results agree well with each other, and an ultra-compact size 0.17
 λ
 × 0.06
 λ
 is implemented to achieve more than 90% size reduction comparing with the previous designs.


Lithologic data were collected from drill holes in the Rainier and Aqueduct Mesas, Area 12, Nevada Test Site since 1970. Data presented in this report include locations and lithologies for 1 slant and 22 vertical drill holes greater than 152.4 m (500 ft) in depth in these areas. 3 figures, 1 table.


The difficulty in employment for female college students has become a hot concern of al walks of life in the society.Among the factors contributing to this difficulty,the misunderstanding in employment value of the female college students is the most critical subjective one.In order to solve this problem,we must remodel the employment value of female college students from the perspective of gender discourse,which the value of equality between men and women and development of female should be integrated into.


Geomorphology exerts a fundamental control on ecosystems. In the case of periglacial landscapes, the mechanisms by which they evolve are not clearly defined, as research on the subject has often been excessively focused on the expressions of freeze-thaw processes as climatic control over landform development. It is however essential to identify and clarify what are the fundamental dynamics of sediment transport in periglacial regions to understand the evolution and the functions of these landscapes. At the scale of a unit slope, the mechanisms originating from cryo-conditioning are the main drivers of evolution. These include the effects of freeze-thaw processes on surface deposits and the production of large, periodic water supplies by snow redistribution and snowmelt. This thesis investigates the role played by periglacial landforms in the establishment of drainage pathways on a High Arctic polar desert landscape. It aims at establishing links between the azonal processes of runoff generation and sediment transport, and the climate-dependant processes of sorting and mass movement associated with the formation of patterned ground. It achieves this objective by focussing on surface deposit morphology (ch. 2), on the hydrological functions those patterned ground possess (ch. 3), on sediment transport on the slope (ch. 4) and on the impacts of those flowpaths on limnological conditions in a downstream headwater lake (ch. 5). The organisation of the drainage pathways is dependant upon the combination of sorting processes with erosion from snowmelt of large snowdrifts. The coarse nature of the reworked glacial drift and gelifracted slope deposits allowed water to move through the large voids between the particles, creating underground flow pathways of a relatively high hydraulic conductivity.


For f : [0, 1] → R, we consider Lft , the local time of spacetime Brownian motion on the curve f . Let Sα be the class of all functions whose Hölder norm of order α is less than or equal to 1. We show that the supremum of Lf1 over f in Sα is finite if α > 56 and infinite if α < 1 2 . Abstrait: Soit Wt un mouvement brownien et soit L f t le temps local du processus (t,Wt) pour le courbe f : [0, 1] → R, c'est à dire, Lft = limε→0 1 2ε ∫ t 0 1]f(s)−ε,f(s)+ε[(Ws)ds. Soit Sα la classe de toutes fonctions telle que la norme holderienne du ordre α est moins de 1. Nous démontrons que supf∈Sα L f 1 < ∞ p.s. si α > 56 et ce supremum est infini p.s. si α < 1 2 . AMS subject classification: 60J65, 60J55 Research partially supported by NSF grant DMS-9700721. 1 0. Preface to corrected version. The original version of this paper (Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré 37 (2001) 627–642) contained an error. Lemma 3.1 of that paper was incorrectly applied in Proposition 3.2. We would like to thank Alice Vatamanelu for pointing out the mistake. The differences between this version of the paper and the published one are in Theorem 1.2, Lemma 3.1, Propositions 3.2 and 3.3, and Theorem 3.6. The main difference is that the finiteness of the supremum in Theorem 1.2 requires the assumption α > 5/6. This is a stronger assumption than α > 1/2 which appeared in the original paper. Heuristic arguments suggest that the original version of Theorem 1.2 is true, but at this time we do not have a rigorous argument to back up this claim.


By contrast of subgrade planting turf with subgrade maintenance form,the paper discussed the operating method and relative analysis for economical,technical benefit of subgrade planting turf,proposed some advice on subgrade maintenance method.


Purpose – People working in the hot environment are constantly exposed to the overheating, that can lead to cardiovascular disorders and as a consequence result in occupational diseases. The purpose of this paper is to present developed personal liquid cooling system that is able to efficiently draw excess heat from the human organism, protecting against thermal stress. Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents study concerning the assessment of effect of the coolant temperature in the developed liquid cooling garment (LCG) on physiological parameters of the subjects (heart rate, body temperature, skin temperature) and parameters of the undergarment microclimate, as well as subjective sensations reported by volunteers exercising in hot microclimate while wearing LCG and without LCG. Findings – Obtained results of physiological parameters measurements, as well as undergarment physical parameters and volunteers subjective sensations, proved satisfactory level of thermal stress reduction while working...


A method of fabricating deposits of non-volatile substances, including biomacromolecules, in the form of spots and filing on a substrate surface by electrospray, where the deposits are used to determine the interaction of the deposited non-volatile substances to other substances. Also included in this method is the mass fabrication on a single chip of an array of single and multicomponent microsamples.


Objective: To research the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on the angiogenesis and revascularization in the drilling TMR channels from the view of morphology. Methods: Transmyocardial channels were made by machine drilling in vivo on left ventricular wall of the rabbits. The control group was treated only with drilling TMR, but the experimental group was injected with VEGF in channels after drilling TMR. The animals in two groups were sacrificed at intervals of 1,2,4 and 6-8 weeks after TMR. The effect of angiogenesis and revascularization were observed, and the new blood vessels in channels of two groups were measured under microscope. Results: Statistical analysis demonstrated a high significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the density and quantity of new vessels (after 2 weeks, 24.20± 0.98 NV per 10 × 4 field in experimental group versus 8.41 ± 0.59 NV per 10 × 4 field in control group, P 0.001; after 6-8 weeks, 11.08 ± 0.96 NV per 10 × 4 field in experimental group versus 3.31±0.57 NV per 10×4 field in control group, P 0.001). Conclusion: The results confirm that the good effect of angiogenesis and revascularization in the drilling channels can be received by the stimulation of VEGF.


ABSTRACT Competitive game-based learning has been widely discussed in terms of its positive and negative impacts on learners' learning effectiveness and learning behavior. Although different types of games require different kinds of knowledge to accomplish the task via competition, few studies have considered that knowledge types, such as procedural knowledge and declarative knowledge, might play important roles in competitive game-based learning. Also, some studies have found that learners with high prior knowledge gain benefits from playing games, but tend to develop declarative rather than procedural knowledge. To address this problem, the independent sample t-test was used to analyze students' learning effectiveness in order to explore how different knowledge types in a competitive game-based item bank practice system would influence learners. Lag sequential analysis was used to analyze the learners' behavior. The results show that learners with procedural knowledge (web programming) scored significantly lower than those with declarative knowledge (English) on the pre-test. However, the learners with procedural knowledge improved their grades to achieve a similar level to that of students with declarative knowledge on the post-test. The behavior analysis indicated that learners with procedural knowledge tended to review the explanation of the question and re-answer it, and used the competitive game-based item bank practice system more than the learners with declarative knowledge. It is concluded that the competitive game-based item bank practice system had a positive impact on learning effectiveness, especially for learners with procedural knowledge.


The inner control of modern enterprises refers to a series of measures procedures bearing the functions of controlling established and observed by every stratum under the structure of legal administration with the board of directors as the core in order to ensure the safety and completeness of enterprise property,improve accounting information quality and achieve high efficiency benefits in enterprise operation.The inner control of enterprises must be established in accordance with the laws and it must be comprehensive,effective and have the right orientation.In order to optimize inner control process and improve inner control efficiency,inner environment construction is to be strengthened,enterprise culture is to be modeled,enterprise risk is to be evaluated and information feedback mechanism is to be perfected.


In the photovoltaic (PV) emulator application, an accurate PV mathematical model is needed to ensure the emulator can produce the same current-voltage (I-V) characteristic of a PV panel. The PV circuit model is able to simulate the PV panel accurately. However, this model requires the numerical method to solve the implicit equation of the model and the complex parameter extraction can burden the PV emulator controller. A simple and flexible PV model is needed for the PV emulator without compromising its accuracy. Two interpolation models are compared in term of adaptability, simplicity and accuracy with single diode model with series resistance (1D1R model) to determine the suitable PV model for the PV emulator system. The 1D1R Model is more accurate and adaptable compared to the interpolation models. However, the Interpolation models perform faster compared to the circuit model.


Quantum dots (QDs) represent an interesting topic in the controlled modification of optical, electronic and thermoelectric properties of semiconductor materials. Applications in optoelectronic and other devices have been theoretically proposed due to its easy tuning properties by means of controlling size, shape, and density of QDs. Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) nanostructures are being a popular subject of research since last three decades because of its fascinating properties and potential for nanoelectronic devices which is the trend of miniaturization nowadays. Gallium Arsenide nanoclusters have a significant change of electronic properties from the bulk. This has been the favor in the fabrication of nano-electronic devices for example, optoelectronic devices and transistors. The electronic band structure and optical properties of a GaAs quantum well have been investigated using the pseudopotential approach.


Objective To explore the effect of cognitive behavior intervention on the defense style of patients with depression. Methods One hundred and forty-six patients with depression in hospitalized were divided into study group and control group according to the set sequence. The study group and the control group were given cognitive behavioral intervention and routine nursing, respectively. All patients were assessed by Hamilton depression scale(HAMD),Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA),Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ), and Defense Style Questionnaire(DSQ). Results The differences of conceal type and positive coping factor were significantly before and after intervention in the study group(P 0.05). In the 6th week, the differences of conceal type and positive coping factor were significantly between the two groups(P 0.05). The differences of HAMD and HAMA scores were significantly between the 0 th and 6 th weeks of the two groups(P 0.05). There was negatively correlated between HAMD and positive coping factor(P 0.05). There were positively correlated between HAMD and the cover up defense mode(P 0.05),HAMA and the cover up defense mode(P 0.05). Conclusion The cognitive behavior intervention could improve the depression and anxiety symptoms and defense style in patients with depression.