This research article aims to investigate the influence of online reviews on consumer purchase decisions in the context of e-commerce platforms. With the rapid growth of e-commerce and the increasing popularity of online shopping, consumers heavily rely on the opinions and experiences of others shared through online reviews before making purchasing decisions. This study examines the factors that contribute to the impact of online reviews on consumer behavior, including credibility, valence, volume, and reviewer characteristics. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature and empirical research, this article provides insights into the significance of online reviews and offers suggestions for businesses to effectively manage and leverage this influential tool to enhance customer satisfaction and increase sales. It provides valuable insights for businesses and marketers on the significance of online reviews and offers practical recommendations for leveraging this influential tool to enhance customer satisfaction, increase sales, and gain a competitive advantage in the e-commerce industry.


Recent observations of auroral kilometric radiation (AKR) [1] as well as laboratory experiments [2], computer simulations [3,4] and analytic studies [5] suggest that AKR is generated in elongated regions of low plasma density in a direction which is initially at a small upwards angle to the direction of the magnetic field, and so in the opposite direction to the beam generating the radiation. We have previously suggested that the radiation is generated by a horseshoe type distribution [6] and we have shown that the main features of AKR can be produced in laboratory experiments [2]. Fig. 1 shows a computer simulation result (generated using the KARAT simulation code) clearly showing the backward propagation. Here we show that the backward propagation of the fastest growing wave can be given a simple explanation in terms of the basic properties of the horseshoe instability.


The study examined the possible roles that creativity plays in students dropping out of high school. It used data from the National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS: 88), the Educational Longitudinal Study (ELS: 2002), and 87 high school students from a low income area in southeastern Michigan. NELS and ELS questions related to creative personality and anticreative school environment were selected and asked of students. The students' responses were compared to their scores on measures of creativity (Runco Ideational Behavior Scale, Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, & Scales for Rating the Behavioral Characteristics of Superior Students). The NELS respondents who showed creative personality were identified and examined whether their creativity related to dropping out. The results of logistic regression analyses indicated that the questions selected from NELS and ELS that showed anticreative school environment have a negative correlation with the scores on the creativity measures, which affect students' dropping out. An understanding of these students and their behavior will help promote creative students' academic and lifelong success through appropriate classroom restructuring.


Relationship between phytomass yield, as well as economic yield (grain of spring barley) and characteristics of energy (temperature T in °C) and water balance (precipitation P in mm) was analyzed according to nonlinear correlation and linear regression. There was designed simple agrometeorological, mathematical statistical model of phytomass production (UF in kg.m ) according to analysis, which can be used for making yields prognosis.


Social Security remains an overwhelmingly divisive issue in the ideological spectrum, the virtue of which is constantly questioned by one side and simultaneously praised by the other, with varying levels and degrees of opposing views and opinions in between. It carries with it elements of conflict among classes and age groups, to say nothing of politically affiliated interests. However, dubbed the "black hole" of American politics, the topic remains also one that is largely untouched as far as any conversation on actual reform to the system. This is arguably, at least in part, on account of the nature of the conversations that have taken place.Nearly all attacks on Social Security discuss the unfeasible, unsustainable qualities of the system, but few have given an analysis of the various factors at work that have presented substantial hindrances to the base concept behind its existence. As such, the purpose of this memorandum is to explore, in this fashion, from population growth and demographics to labor force growth patterns, why the system itself is flawed. It is important to note that it is not the intent of this evaluation to provide alternatives and/or a logical policy recommendation, but rather to fill in the apparent missing step that has worked against the efforts toward any substantial improvement to the current policy. In other words, it represents that which is often omitted from the argument, as well as that part of the argument that is essentially irrefutable. There is naturally no simple solution, and obviously no present or potential situation providing an ideal course of action. However, it is important in any argument on policy, for or against, to begin with the evidence in numbers, as well as the historical context dating back to the signing of the law, to set up an argument to be made for the next step.From the system's inception in 1935, not only has the United States population experienced significant grown, but the subset of individuals ages sixty-five and over has vastly increased as well. The U.S. Census Bureau released in 2010 that individuals ages twenty to sixty-four, ages sixty -five and over, and ages eighty-five and over experienced, respectively, 60 percent, 13 percent and 1.92 percent increases from the prior Census year (2000), projecting that these subsets will experience 55 percent, 19 percent, and 2.3 percent growth by 2030. Further, the general population is expected to increase by 42 percent by 2050. To emphasize this growth in another way more in relation to the Social Security system, in 1940, five years after the Act was signed, average life expectancy of a sixty-five-year-old was around fourteen years; today, it is closer to twenty. To put this in perspective, in 201 1, Social Security payouts equaled about $727 billion. So, this increase in life expectancy, to give a rough estimate, would amount to nearly $4.4 trillion over the six years. This dramatically understates the true amount, as this figure accounts for the fifty -five million beneficiaries from 201 1, not accounting for the increases in beneficiaries that would take place during that period. With these trends, certain problems within the Social Security system have emerged and worsened, namely its impact on individual accountability and financial responsibility, the sustainability of the program, and the mechanics and stability of the system in general.When the Social Security Act of 1935 was implemented, it was intended to offer supplementary assistance to the elderly and disabled. However, currently, it provides 90 percent of the elderly population (ages sixty -five and over) with just over 40 percent of their income. Furthermore, 22 percent of married couple beneficiaries and 43 percent of unmarried beneficiaries depend on Social Security payments for 90 percent or more of their income. It has become evident that, largely on account of the prospect (and "guarantee") of such aid, "50 percent of the workforce has no private pension coverage, [and] 3 1 percent of the workforce has no savings set aside specifically for retirement. …


Piezoionic materials consisting of a polymer matrix and mobile ions can produce an electrical output upon an applied pressure inducing an ion concentration gradient. Distinct from charges generated by the piezoelectric or triboelectric effects, the use of generated mobile ions to carry a signal closely resembles many ionic biological processes. Due to this similarity to biology, the piezoionic effect has great potential to enable seamless integration with biological systems, which accelerates the advancement of medical devices and personalized medicine. In this review, a comprehensive description of the piezoionic mechanism, methods, and applications are presented, with the aim to facilitate a dialogue among relevant scientific communities. First, the piezoionic effect is briefly introduced, then the development of mechanistic understanding over time is surveyed. Next, different types of piezoionic materials are reviewed and methods to enhance the piezoionic output via materials properties, electrode interfaces, and device architectures are detailed. Finally, applications, challenges, and outlooks are provided. With its novel properties, piezoionics is expected to play a key role in the overcoming of grand challenges in the areas of sensing, biointerfaces, and energy harvesting.


We present all-optical signal regeneration using fiber-based retiming to overcome limitation by intrachannel cross-phase modulation-induced timing jitter in 2R regenerated transmission systems. As timing shifts of the optical pulses depend on the sign of the accumulated dispersion, timing jitter can be balanced out by a short piece of fiber with inverse sign of accumulated dispersion as the preceding transmission span. Timing jitter is cancelled out completely. Remaining amplitude jitter and ghost pulses are reduced by 2R-regeneration based on self-phase modulation. Limitation by amplitude jitter of the retiming stage and limitation by timing jitter of the 2R-regeneration cancel out each other. Numerical simulations show that maximum transmission distance is enhanced significantly.


GRAZIANO, WILLIAM; FRENCH, DORAN; BROWNELL, CELIA A.; and H.ARTUP, WILLARD W. Peer Interaction in Sameand Mixed-Age Triads in Relation to Chronological Age and Incentive Condition. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1976, 47, 707-714. Task performance was compared in sameand mixed-age triads of firstand third-grade children. Half the triads worked for individual rewards, while the remainder worked for group rewards. Considered as units, the mixed-age triads performed as well as the same-age triads, although there was more conversation in the latter. Considered in terms of individual performance, mixed-age conditions produced different effects at the 2 grade levels. Mixed-age conditions stimulated greater task activity than same-age conditions among the third graders, but not among the first graders. Performance was better with group than with individual rewards, but the effects of age mixture did not depend on incentive condition.


Emissions of Carbon Monoxide (CO) from anthropogenic sources, in particular automobile exhaust, exceed in quantity the mass of all other man-made source pollutants combined. Because of its photochemical lifetime and insolubility, CO is an exceptional tracer to examine polluted air masses. By measuring CO fluxes, the amount of air pollutants that originate from anthropogenic and biogenic sources can be traced. A commonly used instrument for detecting CO is the vacuum ultra-violet (VUV) fluorescence analyzer. This project focused on modifying and redesigning the NCAR Research Aviation Facility's (RAF) VUV fluorescence analyzer to improve both its sensitivity to CO and its signal to noise ratio. The RAF VUV fluorescence analyzer has proven sensitive enough to measure CO mixing ratios, however it was not sensitive enough to measure CO fluxes. The instrument's flow cell and its fluorescence detector, a photomultiplier tube (PMT), were both examined for ways to improve the sensitivity to CO and the signal to noise ratio. The flow cell was modified to reduce photon scattering and then later redesigned to reduce both photon and air molecule leaks. A new PMT was also selected to improve the instrument's detection limit. Delivery of the new flow cell and the new PMT was delayed past the end of this project. Because of this, new instrument measurements and analysis could not be completed. However, it was expected that these modifications would result in improvements to the instrument's sensitivity to CO and signal to noise ratio when these parts arrive. This work was done under the auspices of the Significant Opportunities in Atmospheric Research and Science (SOARS ®) program of the University Corporation of Atmospheric Research, with funding from the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA. SOARS ® 2005, Clarence Mann, 1


The design problem of the ducted fan propeller with compact structure,high safety,low noise is dealt with,which can provide more power than common propeller.The thrust ducted fan VTOL aircraft has good prospects for development.To the problem that,the ducted fan system dynamics are multi-variables,and strongly coupled nonlinearity,the control system decoupled design process is presented the Longitudinal double ducted-fan aircraft flight control system characteristics are analyzed to establish the basic control system model,by using the model tracking adaptive decoupling the design control principle.The testing result shows the effectiveness in reducing the coupling between axes and the stability of the hover system.


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Knowledge discovery from a large volumes of texts usually requires many complex analysis steps. The graph-based text representation model has been proposed to simplify the steps. The model represents texts in a formal manner, Subject Graphs, and provides text handling operations whose inputs and outputs are identical in form, i.e. a set of subject graphs, so they can be combined in any order. A subject graph uses node weight to represent the significance of each term, and link weight to represent that of each term-term association. This paper concentrates on the algorithms for making subject graphs and calculating the similarity between them. An evaluation shows that Subject Graphs can calculate the similarity between texts more precisely than term vectors, since they incorporate the significance of association between terms.


The results of the survey of covering of large-span public buildings located on the territory of the Republic of Belarus, which are in exploitation from 10 to 30 years. The bearing structures of the covering were timber glued arches with spans from 48 m to 60 m. the Main defects were both through and deep cracks that appeared in the timber of the arches during exploitation. To restore the performance of timber arches with defects in the form of cracks, methods of strengthening are proposed. The effectiveness of using glued steel rods for strengthening arches with cracks was tested experimentally. For this purpose, two prototypes of semi-arches made of glued timber for a span of 26.9 m were tested: one semi-arch of a solid cross-section bxh = 100 × 670 mm; the second semi-arch with a crack on the neutral axis, reinforced with glued steel rods. As a result of tests, the ultimate load of a semi-arch with a solid cross-section is 2.4 times greater than the calculated value; and a semi – arch with a crack through the entire length is 1.8 times greater.


This paper aims at predicting accurate outdoor and indoor locations using deep neural networks, for the data collected using the Long-Range Wide-Area Network (LoRaWAN) communication protocol. First, we propose an interpolation aided fingerprinting-based localization system architecture. We propose a deep autoencoder method to effectively deal with the large number of missing samples/outliers caused by the large size and wide coverage of LoRa networks. We also leverage three different deep learning models, i.e., the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), for fingerprinting based location regression. The superior localization performance of the proposed system is validated by our experimental study using a publicly available outdoor dataset and an indoor LoRa testbed.


Introduction: There have been few studies reporting empirical antibiotic use in Covid-19 patients, particularly in those admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). This study evaluated empirical antibiotic use in patients admitted to the ICU with Covid-19
Methods: This two-center retrospective study included 79 consecutive patients who were admitted to the ICU due to Covid-19 infection between October 1 and December 31, 2020, and received empirical antibiotics. The patients were classified into two groups: those who developed ICU infections after 48 hours of ICU admission despite empirical antibiotic therapy (Group 1), and those who received empirical antibiotic therapy during the ICU stay, but were free of ICU infections (Group 2).
Results: In Group 1, 37 patients (46.8%) developed ICU infections after a median of 12 days (IQR 5.5-15.5) of ICU stay. The cumulative antibiotic use until the detection ICU infections was 395 antibiotic days corresponding to 1070 DOTs/1000 hospital days. The median antibiotic use was 9 days (IQR 4-15.5). In Group 2, 42 patients (53.2%) received empirical antibiotic therapy for a median of 5 ICU days (IQR 3-8.3) and for a total of 256 antibiotic days (1051 DOTs/1000 hospital days). Twenty–three patients received empirical antibiotic therapy during the entire ICU stay. The median ICU stay was 6.5 days (IQR 4-10) and the median antibiotic use was 5 days (IQR 3-8.2).
Discussion and Conclusion: Our findings are alarming and raise doubt about the potential role of antibiotics in the initial therapy of Covid-19 patients at the time of ICU admission and suggest the need to narrow or tailor antibiotic use based on clear laboratory and radiologic indications.


In this paper an attempt has been made to study the possibility of using food waste as a carbon source for growing Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 which produces H2 as a byproduct of its metabolism. After varying the type of carbon sources flour, corn powder, potato powder added to the MYS medium in which the Thermococcus onnurineus NA1 is grown for 24 hours in a 80 degree oven, the content of H2 was measured and compared using gas chromatography and the rate of growth was also compared using the change in pH. The concentration of each carbon source was also varied and analyzed using a gas chromatographer and pH meter. The possibility of recycling food waste to create H2, a type of alternative energy, has great importance in suggesting an environmentally friendly means of creating energy, thus solving the problems of environmental pollution and energy crisis.


It is only relatively recently that chronic non-communicable disease in low-income countries has started to receive the attention that it deserves. The Millennium Development Goals, which have dominated the global health agenda for the last decade, did not include chronic disease, but in 2005 a World Health Organization report drew attention to the neglect of chronic disease (1) and in 2011 chronic non-communicable disease was the subject of a United Nations high-level meeting (2). The linked articles from Jimma University and collaborators published in this issue are timely and serve to highlight the problem of chronic non-communicable disease in Ethiopia (3,4). The research team from Jimma conducted a cross sectional study of chronic disease and risk factors for chronic disease in 4,469 adults from the population around Gilgel Gibe Field Research Centre in southwest Ethiopia using the World Health Organization's STEPS protocol. They found an overall prevalence of chronic disease of 8.9% (diabetes 0.5%, cardiac disease 3%, hypertension 2.6%, asthma 1.5%, epilepsy 0.5%, depression 1.7%), and 80% of the subjects studied had at least one risk factor for chronic disease. The data on prevalence of chronic diseases were dependent on subjects reporting that they had been given a diagnosis by a health professional. When a sample was screened for hypertension and diabetes, the prevalence of hypertension was found to be 3.5 times higher than that reported by the subjects and the prevalence of diabetes six times higher, indicating a large hidden burden of disease. The prevalence of diabetes and hypertension, both self-reported and measured, was unsurprisingly higher in urban communities. The high prevalence of risk factors (exercise, diet, alcohol) in this group underlines the urgent need for policies for the prevention of these conditions. The prevalence figures for cardiac disease, asthma, epilepsy and mental illness are more difficult to interpret as they rely solely on self-reporting by the patients and as a result they may reflect an underestimate of the true prevalence of these conditions. In addition, the relatively small sample size may be a source of bias. Having said that the prevalence of epilepsy in this study (0.5%) was very similar to that found in a door to door survey in a population of 60,000 in central Ethiopia (0.52 %) (5) and, as the authors pointed out, their prevalence data for asthma are very similar to that previously reported from Jimma (6). Epilepsy and mental illness also appeared to …


Light refreshments will be provided during the presentation sessions. Free tickets for the reception will be distributed in the oral presentations. All students are welcome to attend. Abstracts On behalf of the Organizing Committee, welcome to the Cornell Engineering Research Conference 2010. This year we are pleased to feature two parallel sessions of Ph.D. and M.Eng. oral presentations in the morning and the afternoon, and an early afternoon poster session. The oral sessions and poster session include best presentation competitions. Student authors of the winning presentations and posters will be recognized in the evening reception. Reception will feature keynote address by Professor Clifford Pollock. We encourage you to participate fully in the day's programming, which highlights graduate research in four strategic areas; We hope that the program will stimulate discussion and a lively exchange of ideas. * Tickets for the reception will be distributed at the oral sessions free of charge. Light refreshments will be provided during the oral presentation sessions. Poster 56 Emily M. Chandler: Heterotypic tumor models to study breast cancer under pathologically relevant conditions Advisor: Claudia Fischbach Poster 57 Alexander J. Veach: UAN polymer nanoparticles encapsulating anti-inflammatory drugs for targeted delivery, imaging, and therapy Advisor: Moonsoo Jin Poster 58 Alycia S. Gailey: A novel approach for wireless communication of in vivo data from freely moving research animals Advisor: Manfred Lindau Poster 59 Todd Anderson: Distributed denitrification in a northeastern agricultural landscape Advisor: Todd Walter 9 ABSTRACTS Ordered alphabetically by the last name of the presenter Conversion of second-generation renewable biomass to useful products is gaining attention as an alternative to traditional sugar and starch-based renewable energy crops. The recalcitrance of resources such as (ligno)cellulose makes biological conversion exceptionally challenging. We studied conversion of fcorn fiber into n-butyrate, which is a biofuel precursor. The bioconversion process, which consists of anaerobic hydrolysis and fermentation, is performed with thermophilic (55 degree Celsius) nondefined mixed microbial cultures. These open microbial systems are less energy intensive than pure culture processes because complete saccharification and sterilization of substrates is unnecessary. Nondefined microbial conversion presents major hurdles to overcome, however, because endproducts are less concentrated and more diverse. To study product selectivity, we operated three identical 5-L anaerobic sequencing batch reactors treating corn fiber for 275 days, each with a different substrate pretreatment. The three pretreatments were performed at 160 degree Celsius for 20 min with the variations: 1.) 0.5 % w/v H2SO4 (acid); …


The analogue radio broadcasting was proven to be a successful and efficient media of delivering information because of free content and wide availability of cheap receivers. But the competition was more dropped than any other media due to the limited amount of radio spectrum that is available. The risk of doing nothing is to miss the opportunity and to loss existing audiences in the long term, or to be locked into inefficient proprietary systems. That is the reason why it is important to act now. It is time for regulators and market participants to hone their strategies, by clearly establishing factors to adopt the digital radio and to facilitate its diffusion. The purpose of this study is to find adoption factors that affected to potential users of digital radio broadcasting. Former research based on diffusion of innovation theory showed that adoption of innovation is affected by demographic variables, media usage and consumer's attitude of innovation. In this study based on a consumer survey, we examined those factors and characteristics of each steps that suggested in diffusion of innovation theory. The findings of this study have implications to explore the suitable technologies and services of digital radio broadcasting.


The microstructure and carbides evolution of high-speed steel after electroslag remelting and solution treatment were studied. The thermodynamic precipitation mechanism of carbides in solid phase was discussed and the characteristic parameters of carbides in different processes were also investigated. The results show that there were large lamellar and fibrous Mo2C and a small amount of VC in the ESR ingot. Mo2C are metastable carbides, which can be decomposed into VC and Fe2Mo4C during the solution treatment. The average diameter of the carbides is reduced to 1.28 μm and the space distance is reduced to 3.23 μm after forging and hot rolling, which means carbides are completely spheroidal and dispersed in matrix.


Maintenance work innetwork distribution of electricity in territory rayon wonogiri is awork the routine and must be implementea immediately. Maintenance work preventifard corectif includes replacement work or additions and improved construction of elektrik power network eguipmen , good medium, low voltage of subtatian or transformer, to the disturbance caused by eksternal as hit by avalance, strong wind,carelessness of atreeend because internal as quality decrease equipmen of konstruksion, loads more and not balance the maintenance go on know. Used in interrupt handling work at September, the method by rekapitalising the realization maintenance work innetwork distribution with dhe detail pattern orly the unit in work territory PLN rayon wonogiri with contract agreement 0045.PJ/HKM.00.01/SKA/2017


Abstract Twelve typical wintertime wind patterns for the Grand Canyon region were derived from a two-stage cluster analysis wind-field classification scheme. The wind measurements were collected by a surface network of 15 stations deployed for a period of approximately three months. The wind patterns are strongly influenced by the complex terrain of the region. The analyses relate the wind patterns to meteorological conditions, providing insight into the physical processes generating the wind fields. Most patterns have a distinct diurnal cycle, caused by thermally induced winds near the ground. They provide evidence that thermally forced flows are important in winter and are not easily overridden by ambient flows. Some patterns differ primarily in the ratio of high- and low-elevation site wind speeds, indicating the importance of decoupling of the low-elevation winds in this basin area from the stronger ambient winds.


Simulation applications are used more and more for scheme evaluation, strategy formulation, problem solving, military training, and critical decision making in practice. The credibility of simulation models is crucial for the successful utilization of simulation results. In order to ease subject matter experts' repetitive work and reduces subjectivity in the credibility assessment of simulation models, a series of mapping functions are defined in this paper to transform discrepancy measures of crisp values or time series data into credibility scores in an automatic procedure. These mapping functions are predefined by only three adjustable parameters but can capture various applications and preferences. Based on these mapping functions, an adaptable, flexible and automatic approach for credibility assessment of simulation models is proposed. A didactic example for assessing the credibility of two ballistic missile simulation models with three indicators is presented to demonstrate the applicability of these mapping functions for credibility assessment.


This paper studied the government Websites of 47 member nations of the United Nations in Asia. To investigate the extent of information availability and information reuse among these websites, data on number of pages, number of pages receiving incoming hyperlinks and number of pages containing outgoing hyperlinks of the government websites of each nation were gathered from major commercial search engines. The correlations of information availability and reuse with economics indicators, information technology advancement indicators, and democracy level indicators of these nations were examined. We further analyzed the information reuse within the government Websites by examining the hyperlinks interlinking among the Websites of all selected nations. We considered these government Websites as a hyperlinked network and used network analysis and visualization techniques to analyze and visualize the network structure. The results identified the role and significance of each nation in this government information network.


The following road log examines some of the many outstanding geologic and geomorphic features on the Isleta Reservation. The first day of this field excursion examines lower Pleistocene deposits of the ancestral Rio Grande, the axial-river of the Albuquerque Basin and the namesake of the Rio Grande rift, and interfingering deposits of the eastern-margin piedmont. We also examine the role of faulting on the preservation of early Pleistocene and Pliocene geomorphic surfaces along the eastern margin of the basin. The day-one trip will conclude with a traverse to the eastern slopes of the late Pleistocene Cat Hills volcanic field to a visit to a graben on the San Clemente land grant. This graben preserves a sequence of sand and mud that overlies a buried soil developed on upper Pliocene fluvial deposits associated with rivers that drained the western margin of the basin. Many of the dates cited here are from Maldonado et al. (1999) and from unpublished data of Bill McIntosh and Nelia Dunbar (NM Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources). Nearly the entire following road log is on tribal lands administered by the Pueblo of Isleta, which are restricted to the public. Access to Pueblo lands must be made through the tribal administrator or governors office (Pueblo of Isleta, P.O. Box 1270, Isleta, New Mexico) prior to travelling on Pueblo lands. In respect for the privacy of the tribal community, we ask that you discuss access for geologic study or to access Pueblo lands to examine the exposures discussed herein with John Sorrell, Dave Love, or Sean Connell, prior to contacting the Governor's Office for permission. Road-log mileage has not been checked for accuracy. Field-trip stops illustrated on Plate I.


Mitsui Engineering & Shipping Co., Ltd. has been carrying out research and development for utilizing various kind of off spec. fuels as fuel for diesel engines with the objective of diversifying fuel and sources, and putting inexpensive fuels to practical use. As the fuels deviate from the specifications of marine fuels, they are called off spec. fuel.This paper deals with straight vacuum residue, visbreaker residue, and Orimulsion® of the off spec. fuels investigated by Mitsui until now. The characteristics of the fuels, and performance, exhaust emissions and durability of a diesel engine in the case of using the fuels are described in this paper. All of the three off spec. fuels can be used in 2-stroke cross-head diesel engines, although the same grade of clarification as that for marine fuel oils, using a fuel which has lower viscosity and campatibility with the fuels for changeover at starting and stopping engines, heating up the fuels for controlling their viscosity below 20 mm2/s (20 cSt), etc., are indispensable.


In essence, the imposition of tax penalties imposed for creating tax compliance and tax officials in carrying out their tax obligations. In other words, tax penalty is a deterrent (preventive) so that taxpayers and tax consultants do not violate the norms. That is why it is important for taxpayers and tax consultants understand the criminal sanctions so knowing the legal consequences of what he did. Then the problems which the author adopted in this thesis are: 1) how the application of criminal sanctions against tax consultants who have forged tax documents based on case studies Case Number 1420 / Pid.B / 2010 / PN.Surabaya? 2) how consideration of the judge in the application of sanctions against tax consultants who have forged tax documents based on case studies Case Number 1420 / Pid.B / 2010 / PNSurabaya? Methods of research by the author is normative juridical. Materials used law of this research is Case Number 1420 / Pid.B / 2010 / PN.Surabaya. The technique of taking legal materials used literature. Techniques of data analysis done qualitatively, ie grouping the data according to the aspects studied or without the use of figures. The results showed that the application of criminal sanctions against tax document forgery committed by a tax consultant based on case studies Case Number 1420 / Pid.B / 2010 / PN.Surabaya still too light, because much of the demands that are required in the trial. Consideration of judges in the application of sanctions against tax document forgery committed by a tax consultant based on case studies Case Number 1420 / Pid.B / 2010 / PN.Surabaya can be broadly divided into two, namely: Consideration of juridical and non juridical considerations. Key words: Sanctions, Consultant, forgery, Document.


The invention discloses a method for synthesizing benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber of which the structure is shown in a formula II. The method comprises the following steps: adding an azo midbody, glucose and zinc powder shown in a formula I to an acid ion solution shown in a formula II; carrying out reduction reaction at a temperature of 10-60 DEG C; carrying out post treatment on a reaction liquid after finishing the reaction to obtain the benzotriazole ultraviolet absorber shown in the formula III. In the method provided by the invention, the technology is easy to operate, the yield is high, the three wastes are less, the post treatment is convenient, the solubility of an ionic liquid to each reactant is good, and the ionic liquid can be repeatedly used, thus being an economic, practical and environment-friendly technology.


Based on complete coupled-amplitude equations, a new transfer-matrix method for noncollinear frequency conversion in nonlinear multilayered structures is proposed in consideration of oblique incidence and optical anisotropy. The analytic result under the undepleted pump approximation is derived for a general three-wave interaction. Its numerical model is also developed into the transfer-matrix shooting method, suitable for the depleted pump case, and is verified by the shooting method upon coupled-wave equations through a second-harmonic generation process in a hypothetical structure. Analysis of the computation time in the numerical model demonstrates that the efficiency is greatly improved compared with that of the classical shooting method.


Conventional methods for preparing ceramic bodies, such as cold isostatic pressing, gypsum-mold slip casting, and filter pressing are not completely suitable for fabricating large and thick ceramic plates, because of disadvantages such as the high cost of equipment, formation of density gradient, and differential shrinkage during drying. These problems could be avoided by employing step pressure-vacuum hybrid slip casting in which consolidation occurs not only by the compression of the slip in casting room, but also by vacuum sucking of the dispersion medium (water) around the mold. This method enabled us to fabricate a 110 × 110 × 20 mm alumina plate without cracks and with homogenous density, and the possibility of extending the method to fabricate other ceramic products appears to be promising.


In-plane optical anisotropy plays a critical role in manipulating light in a wide range of planner photonic devices. In this study, the strong anisotropy of multilayer 2D GeAs is leveraged and utilized to validate the technical feasibility of on-chip light management. A 2D GeAs is stamped into an ultra-compact silicon waveguide four-way crossing optimized for operation in the O-optical band. The measured optical transmission spectra indicated a remarkable discrepancy between the in-plane crystal optical axes with an attenuation ratio of ∼3.5 (at 1330 nm). Additionally, the effect of GeAs crystal orientation on the electro-optic transmission performance is demonstrated on a straight waveguide. A notable 50% reduction in responsivity was recorded for devices constructed with cross direction compared to devices with a crystal a-direction parallel to the light polarization. This extraordinary optical anisotropy, combined with a high refractive index ∼4 of 2D GeAs, opens possibilities for efficient on-chip light manipulation in photonic devices.


We calculate baryon decuplet to octet electromagnetic transition form factors in quenched and partially quenched chiral perturbation theory. We work in the isospin limit of SU(3) flavor, up to next-to-leading order in the chiral expansion, and to leading order in the heavy baryon expansion. Our results are necessary for proper extrapolation of lattice calculations of these transitions. We also derive expressions for the case of SU(2) flavor away from the isospin limit.


The purpose of this study is to investigate cell attachment in vitro to the exposed root surfaces of periodontally involved teeth. Extracted human teeth were split longitudinally into four pieces. The root segments of one group were untreated. Those of the other groups were root-planed or underwent application of either citric acid (pH 1.0)or sodzum deoxycholate (NaD) and human serum after being root-planed. These samples were autoclaved and incubated with cultured fibroblast-like cells derived from the human gingiva. After being fixed and stained, the number of attached cells on each sample was calculated using a light microscope. A few samples were prepared for scanning electron microscopic study. The following results were obtained.


This paper is continuity of the researchi in which the aunthor inverstigates a group of delayed partial functional differential equations. Simultaneously we assert the existence of periodic solution for their respective integral equations and differential equations,in case that A is infinite small quantity formation element.


Global society, for years, has been witnessing natural disasters of different magnitudes. The integrated work of disasters response teams requires a huge capacity of information exchange in its networks. Software-Defined Network (SDN) has been applied in this context, mainly because it separates the control and the data planes of a network. This paper introduces middleware HAMRA, that elevates the level of abstraction of network traffic management in SDN networks applied in Public Safety Network context, based on Emergency Management's states. Its performance is evaluated from an emulated network, considering metrics as rules' install time and data overhead. The emulation shows that HAMRA responds effectively to the network state change, traveling essential control packets to configure SDN network, without inserting new packets, and so avoiding overload of data. These results make HAMRA a prototype and an initial reference for the evolution of SDN applied to Emergency Management.


The shrinkage-reducing mechanism of a new type of multi-functional comb-like superplasticizer(SRPCA) has been investigated systematically in terms of surface force,adsorption behavior,pore structure and capillary under pressure.The results show that SRPCA can reduce the interface tension efficiently in pore solution in concrete due to its strong adsorption onto the cement particles,thus the capillary under pressure is lowered and the shrinkage of hardened cement paste is significanty decreased.It is also shown that the incorporation of SRPCA improves the pore structure of hardened cement paste markedly,leading to the decrease of porosity and broad size distribution,decrease of inner RH,and thus the drying shrinkage of concrete is reduced.In addition,the time point of the capillary under pressure increases rapidly is very close to the final setting time of cememt,which is the very reason that the setting shrinkage of concrete is reduced by adding SRPCA.


A class of multiscale stochastic models has been introduced in which Gaussian random processes are described by scale-recursive dynamics that are indexed by the nodes of a tree. One of the primary reasons the framework is useful is that it leads to an extremely fast, statistically optimal algorithm for least-squares estimation in the context of 2-D images. We refine this approach to estimation by eliminating the visually distracting blockiness that has been observed in the previous work. We eliminate the blockiness by discarding the standard assumption that distinct nodes at a given level of our tree correspond to disjoint portions of the image domain; as a consequence of this simple idea, a given image pixel may now correspond to several tree nodes. We develop tools for systematically building overlapping-tree multiscale representations of prespecified statistics, and we develop a corresponding estimation algorithm for this processes. In this way, we achieve nearly optimal estimation results, we generate corresponding error covariance information, and we eliminate blockiness without sacrificing the resolution of fine-scale detail.


Dr Cochrane is a unique self-learning experience—the integration of Cochrane evidence with a quirky fictional story and multiple-choice questions provides readers with the opportunity to explore and understand the applicability of a Cochrane Review or Overview in a new way. In this series of fictional clinical vignettes, Dr Cochrane travels across time from the past century to the present day, to solve clinical problems using evidence from Cochrane Reviews. Read the associated article and/or listen to the Evidence-Based Child Health podcast available online at www.cochrane.org/podcasts/and then test your knowledge with six multiple choice questions. You can find the answers to the questions on page 276.

Based on:

Candice Bjornson, Kelly Russell, Michelle Foisy, David W Johnson The Cochrane Library and the Treatment of Croup in Children: An Overview of Reviews.

Hartling L, Scott S, Pandya R, et al.: Storytelling as a communication tool for health consumers: development of an intervention for parents of children with croup. Stories to communicate health information. BMC Pediatrics 2010 10:64. Copyright © 2011 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration


Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells that act as a "bridge" between innate and adaptive immunity by the induction and subsequent orchestration of immune responses. The ligation of Toll-like receptors (TLR) and other innate receptors on DC determines their immune-stimulating capacity. In the studies included in this thesis, TLR activation of DC and the different aspects of such activation were investigated. In paper I, we explored how low physiological temperatures, commonly found in the skin where DC reside, affect DC activation and function. We found that several cellular functions, including macropinocytosis, phagocytosis, podosome formation, migration, and antigen processing, were similar for unstimulated DC at 28°C and 37°C. However, when DC were stimulated with the TLR agonist LPS at 28°C the kinetics of macropinocytosis and TNF production were delayed. These altered responses are most likely explained by the observed delay in the kinetics of TLR signalling, e.g., via the MAPK signalling pathway at 28°C. In addition, other functions of DC were more severely affected by the low temperature, including a reduction in NO production, CD40 receptor upregulation, and degradation of the extracellular matrix by podosomes. Also, the capacity of DC to activate T-cells was reduced after TLR activation at 28°C. These data provide new insights into an area of DC biology with potential relevance for vaccine development. Cellular migration involves as series of events including the formation of podosomes, which are highly dynamic actin-filament scaffolds. In paper II, we examined the role of the actin-severing and capping protein gelsolin for podosom formation and function in DC. For this purpose, DC from mice deficient in gelsolin were used. In contrast to what was previously shown for osteoclasts, we found that DC form podosomes independently of gelsolin. Moreover, the formation and disassembly dynamics of podosomes are normal in DC deficient in gelsolin, as is their matrix-degrading function. Furthermore, we found that gelsolin is not required for TLR4-induced podosome disassembly. The actin cytoskeleton of podosomes involved in DC extracellular matrix degradation thus appears to be regulated in a different manner to the cytoskeleton in osteoclast podosomes that mediate bone resorption. In order to ingest particulate material via phagocytosis, for example apoptotic cells and microbes, DC depend on rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. It is known that upon pathogen recognition by TLR, DC undergo rapid actin cytoskeleton rearrangements. However, most studies on TLR stimulation and phagocytosis have focused on posttranscriptional effects, i.e., the upregulation of receptors involved in phagocytosis, rather than how the process of phagocytosis is affected directly after TLR activation. In paper III, we report that the stimulation of DC using soluble TLR ligands increased their capacity to phagocytose various substrates within minutes. These included polystyrene beads, sheep red blood cells, and apoptotic lymphoma B cells. We also found that signalling through both of the TLR4 adaptor molecules, MyD88 and TRIF, was necessary for optimal LPS-stimulated phagocytosis. Furthermore, we confirmed that stimulated phagocytic uptake proceeds independently of gene transcription, as actinomycin D, which blocks gene transcription, had no effect on the stimulated uptake. In summary, our data suggest that soluble TLR ligands induce enhanced phagocytic uptake, proximal to gene transcription. Thus, our study provides new information about the role of TLR engagement in modulating the phagocytic capacity of DC. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS This thesis is based on the following papers. The individual papers are referred to in the text by Roman numerals. I. Hammarfjord O., and R. P. A. Wallin. Dendritic cell function at low physiological temperature. Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 2010 vol. 88 (4) pp. 747-56. II. Hammarfjord O., H. Falet , C. Gurniak, J. H. Hartwig, and R. P. A. Wallin. Gelsolin independent podosome formation and function in dendritic cells. PLoS ONE. 2011 vol. 6 (7) pp. e21615. III. Hammarfjord O., P. Chen, and R. P. A. Wallin. Toll-like receptor signalling stimulates phagocytosis in dendritic cells.


Refers to a new measuring method for the symmetric of castellated shaft.The method based on photo electricity technology,it belongs to non-contact and indirect measurement.Castellated shaft was located accurately by optical dividing plate.Photoelectric autocollimator was used to aim object.Symmetric was measured by micro-displacement sensor which adopt laser triangulation principle.


Aiming at the problem of motocycles environmental pollution,hybrid power motorcycle which could save energy and reduce emission of polluted air was studied.First of all,drawing lessons from the successful experience of hybrid electric vehicle,the driving system of hybrid power motorcycle was analyzed.On the basis of it,the research on driving system of brushless DC motor of 800 W was conducted.In hardware design,80C196KC single chip microcomputer(SCM) was selected as the processor,MOSFET,as electron power tube and IR2101,as the driving CMOS chip respectively.In software design,closed loop control was achieved by software filtering algorithm of avoiding pulse disturbance and averaging and controlling algorithm of fuzzy PI.The experiment results indicate that the designed driving system could meet the working requirements of motorcycles and lay a solid foundation for further development of hybrid power motorcycle.


Counterimmunoelectrophoresis has proven to be a valuable tool for the rapid early detection of bacterial antigens (polysaccharides) in various body fluids. The method presented here should be easily adaptable for many clinical laboratories. Actual materials and methods for patient testing are described. Also included are methods for quality control, addressing bacterial antigen preparation for use as a control, and the assessment of antisera sensitivity using the technique of nephelometry.


Objective: To observe the clinical effect of patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis by Laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy for preservation of cholecyst and removal of calculus.Methods: 84 patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis were randomly divided into observation group and control group.The patients in observation group were performed by laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy for preservation of cholecyst and removal of calculus,while the patients in control group were treated by traditional method.Results: The operation time in observation group was(93.7±17.0) min which was obviously less than that of the control group(118.7±10.6) min,t=4.37,P= 0.0490.05;the blood loss in observation group was(91.7±27.3) ml which was obviously less than that of the control group(142.7±17.0) mL,t=6.10,P=0.0260.05;Anal exhaust time and the length of hospital stay in observation group was obviously less than those of the control group,P0.05;Incision infection rate was 7.% in observation group which was obviously less than that of the control group 20.0%,x2=7.05,P=0.0080.05;Recurrence rate was 3.6% in observation group which was obviously less than that of the control group15.0%,x2=7.76,P=0.0050.05.Conclusion: The clinical curative effect was obvious of patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis by Laparoscopy combined with choledochoscopy for preservation of cholecyst and removal of calculus;the method could shorten the operation time,reduce the blood loss,improve the reliability so that it is helpful to patients for postoperative rehabilitation.


Allama Shibli Nomani has a unique and noteworthy status in the art of biography. He started to write down the biography of those personalities "Heroes of Islam" who have a remarkable educational background in the Islamic world. Shibli Nomani has an eminent and predominant role in the art of biography. Shibli concerns with the movement of Aligarh and relationship with Nidwa-tul-Ulma. Allama Shibli established his relationship with the former era but meanwhile he was also impressed with modernism. In this research article  the Urdu writing skills of Shibli Nomani in his famous book "Serat un Nabi" have been discussed.


Adult education in university must take the road to operate school by socializing and try to expand the space of survival development in the new situation.The requirement of modern-society and human development offers a vast platform and realistic possibility for socialization of adult education in university.Adult education in university should give better play to the construction of harmonious society in process of realizing socialization by further opening school, effectively conforming social resources and developing into a school-running mechanism by socializing.


We give a simple example showing that a knot or link diagram that lies in the ${\mathbb{Z}}^2$ lattice is not necessarily the projection of a lattice stick knot or link in the ${\mathbb{Z}}^3$ lattice, and we give a necessary and sufficient condition for when a knot or link diagram that lies in the ${\mathbb{Z}}^2$ lattice is in fact the projection of a lattice stick knot or link.


Earlier this year, the "One Step Beyond" report called for a greater appreciation of the social and economic value that postgraduate education brings to the UK. It also hints at criticism of the narrowness of skills developed through traditional postgraduate study, which, the report says, leaves the UK's highly skilled researchers sorely lacking in business awareness. In response, a review of the UK's largest entrepreneurship competition for early career researchers in the biosciences – the Biotechnology Young Entrepreneurs Scheme (YES) shows that we do have a successful model for addressing some of these concerns.


In the field of Department of Neurosurgery, deep brain electrical stimulation technology is the fastest development in the past 20 years. Deep brain stimulation is an abnormal nerve loop which is used to stimulate the brain nerve nucleus or nerve conduction bundle by stimulating the high frequency electric pulse signal. It has become a routine surgical procedure for the treatment of idiopathic tremor, Parkinson's disease and muscular tension disorder. More than tens of thousands of patients have been treated with this therapy since the 1997 deep brain stimulation, which has been used to treat patients with essential tremor, has been approved by the US FDA. Domestic deep brain stimulation in 1999, the first application in the clinical treatment of Parkinson's disease, so far there are thousands of patients have accepted the implantation surgery. In recent years, a brain pacemaker clinical indications continue to expand, from the initial movement disorder gradually developed into the treatment of other neurological and psychiatric disorders such as Tourette syndrome, obsessive compulsive disorder, depression, anorexia nervosa, intractable pain, epilepsy, vegetative state and Alzheimer's disease etc. Although the treatment mechanism of DBS is not very clear, but it can be predicted that the future of DBS will become an important treatment for many neurological and psychiatric diseases.

Key words:
Deep brain stimulation; Brain Pacemaker; Nerve bundle; Vegetative state


Abstract Radical nationalists in the Basque Country and Catalonia looked to Ireland in the years following the 1916 Easter Rising for inspiration as they envisioned their own respective secessions from Spain. Ireland emerged as a central point of interest for such groups in Spain and beyond, though indirect influence was merely one modality of transnational exchange. This article examines the personal links between Irish republicans and radical Basque and Catalan nationalists forged by a small ensemble of internationally attuned and often transient figures. While the leadership of the Irish republican movement regarded these connections as unimportant and politically dangerous, on the ground, solidarity gave rise to such entanglements as two Irish republicans covertly assisting a Basque-Catalan plot to spark an insurrection and declare independent republics. This article provides a detailed account of this clandestine nexus, its key players, and its significance. Ultimately, the transnational ties between Irish republicans and their ardent Basque and Catalan separatist admirers were largely the product of a single, enigmatic Irish-Argentinian whose Odyssean life served to bridge the gap between them. These relations, despite their limited extent, invigorated radical Basque and Catalan nationalists, for whom Ireland represented a role model of mythic proportions.


Background In HIV discordant couples (one parther is HIV-infected, another is HIV-uninfected) HIV-negative partners often remain uninfected for a long time despite long, stable, often unprotected sexual contacts with HIV-infected partner. The increase of time of living together accompanying the decrease of the incidence of HIV infection in HIV-negative partner. The features of HIV-specific immune response in HIV discorgant couples was investigated. Methods Thirty-three HIV discordant couples from Moscow region living together <1 year (2 couples), 1 to 3 years (18 couples), 4 to 5 years (9 couples), 6 to 10 years (4 couples) were included in the investigation. Sera of 33 HIV-uninfected partners from HIV discordant couples (17 men and 16 women) were tested for HIV-specific antibodies by enzyme immunoassay and immunoblot. Viral load was estimated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Antibodies against HIV gp160 were detected in 3 persons (9,1%), against p68/66—in 3 persons (9,1%), against p52/51—in 3 persons (9,1%), against g34/31—in 3 persons (9,1%); total—in 6 persons (18,2%). All of them were defined as HIV-uninfected by PCR. In 4 of 6 persons HIV-specific antibodies were not detected after finishing of risk behavior. Conclusions It is possible to suggest that detected antibodies against HIV gp160, p68/66, p52/51, p34/31 in HIV-uninfected people are caused by contact with HIV (according to literature data, non-specific stimulation may cause the appearance of antibodies binding the other HIV antigens: p55, p24/25 and g18) and may contribute to maintainance of HIV-negative status of uninfected partners in HIV-discordant couples. The cohort of high exposed but HIV-uninfected people was formed during immunological monitoring of HIV discordant couples in Moscow region. This cohort is available for systematic observation and is perspective for further investigation of mechanisms of resistance to HIV infection and correlates of immune protection. Now the cohort is expanded.


Both Ralph Waldo Emerson's and W. E. B. Du Bois' firstborn sons tragically died at very young ages. Drawing from the essays where they write about their grief, I explore Du Bois' "subversion" and "revision" of Emerson's thought by contrasting their visual metaphors: Emerson's "focal distancing" and Du Bois' practice of "second sight" and seeing through "the Veil." I show how the disruptive particular event of the deaths of their sons causes both to challenge the idealist elements of their respective gazes. I draw upon Theodor Adorno to explore the larger lessons of these reconsiderations. In recognizing the seductive dangers of the idealist gaze and the value of the disruptive particular, Adorno explicitly theorizes what Emerson and Du Bois also come to appreciate, in a less overt way, in their moments of loss.


The occurrence of wetting by a nematic film at the diffuse interface between vapour and isotropic liquid is studied using a generalized van der Waals theory for liquid crystals. This contrasts with earlier studies of nematic wetting at the liquid free surface, which were based on a sharp-interface approximation. The present work also corrects several findings of an earlier study [9] on vapournematic interfaces. Variations in the wetting and alignment properties of the liquid-vapour interface are related to certain orientational symmetry-breaking terms in the model intermolecular potential. Of most relevance to experimental studies, we show that the non-monotonic variation of surface tension with temperature is a necessary consequence of the approach to complete nematic wetting.


This work presents the design and simulations of an interdigitated micro-electrode array aimed to discriminate cancer cells, with potential applications in predictive oncology, diagnostics and anti-tumor drug research. The device has been designed and a technological fabrication process has been defined. The microsystem consists of a quartz substrate with gold electrodes and a microfabricated three-dimensional structure (glass/SU8) for cells confinement. The designed device consists of three separated part: two circular areas for confinement, detection and moving and a narrow channel between those areas for the transportation of the cells. The detection can be done by measuring the charge variations associated to the different membrane capacitances and conductivities of tumor and normal cells. Alternating electric field over the electrodes is used for moving the cells between the circular areas (Travelling Wave Dielectrophoresis TwDEP) as well as for levitating and trapping cells on the electrodes (positive-negative Dielectrophoresis p-nDEP). Analytical and Finite Elements simulations have been performed in order to verify the system reliability and to estimate the parameters in use, like operative frequency, voltage, expected velocity.


A modulated structure of nematic phase owing to flexoelectric instability exposed to an electric field, investigated previously by Bobylev and his co-workers, is analyzed from a view point of nonlinearity. It is shown that energy minimum state is a nonlinearly modualted structure. A threshold effect of the electric field in a planar geometry is discussed on the basis of a vortex street model introduced previously by the present author.


Behaviors of nonionic-anionic surfactant sodium fatty Alcohol polyoxyethylene Ether Carboxylate (AEC) at dodecane/water interface influenced by inorganic salts NaCl, CaCl 2 and MgCl2 were investigated by interfacial tension methods and molecular dynamics simulation. Contrasted distributions of various salts at interface and in aqueous solutions and resulting lowering the interfacial tension have been observed. Composition of surfactants- salts complex at interface surrounding different cations within 2.5 A were found to be in two categories: (i) the octahedral complexation of divalent cation was generated by the participation of surfactant head group and water molecule, (ii) only water molecules were involved in the complexation. According to the simulation results, all the Na + involved in type ii, without any direct interaction with surfactant head group, while Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ involved in type I, following the formula: Ca+ + 4 (surfactant) + 2 (H2O) ⇄ (Ca (surfactant) 4 (H2O) 2) 2+ , Mg 2+ + (surfactant) + 5 (H2O) ⇄ (Mg (surfactant) (H2O) 5) 2+ . This strongly chelate interaction between Ca 2+ and


OBJECTIVE To determine the plasma protein binding rate of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate in vitro by microdialysis method. METHODS The binding rate of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate was determined by microdialysis probe as sampling tools and retrodialysis method as calibration. The plasma protein binding rate was calculated using the equation: f=(ρ0-ρf)/ ρ0. RESULTS The binding rate was kept relatively stable in the concentration range. The plasma protein binding rate of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate with BSA, HAS, human plasma and rat plasma were(79.51±1.66)%, (68.34±1.43)%, (56.17±1.44)% and(70.97±2.19)%,respectively.CONCLUSION It is feasible that the plasma protein binding rate can be determined by microdialysis. The strength of binding rate of tetramethylpyrazine phosphate with plasma protein is middle and the tetramethylpyrazine phosphate can be determined.


This study aims to identify risks that affect purchasing behavior and
purchase intention in people who do online shopping and domiciled in Indonesia.
This study is expected to provide a deeper insight in identifying the influence of
risks of purchase on the attitude and purchase intention in online shopping
behavior.
The study was conducted using a survey method that is distributed to 150
respondents in Indonesia, namely those who have done online shopping . Analysis
of the data calculations is performed using simple linear regression and multiple
linear regression with the program tools IBM SPSS Statistics Version 20.
The results showed that the attitude of the respondents are affected by
financial risk, product risk, non-delivery risk, convenience risk, infrastructure
variables, and returns policy. As in this study also identifies that purchase
intention in online shopping behavior is influenced by subjective norms,
perceived behavioral control and attitude. And lastly, it was found that online
shopping behavior are affected by the purchase intention and not influenced by
domain specific innovativeness.


Vegetation and impervious surface as indicators of urban land surface temperature (LST) across a spatial resolution from 30 to 960 m were investigated in this study. Enhanced thematic mapper plus (ETM+) data were used to retrieve LST in Nanjing, China. A land cover map was generated using a decision tree method from IKONOS imagery. Taking the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and percent vegetation area (V) to present vegetated cover, and the normalized difference building index (NDBI) and percent impervious surface area (I) to present impervious surface, the correlation coefficients and linear regression models between the LST and the indicators were simulated. Comparison results indicated that vegetation had stronger correlation with the LST than the impervious surface at 30 and 60 m, a similar magnitude of correlation at 120 and 240 m, and a much lower correlation at 480 and 960 m. In total, the impervious surface area was a slightly better indicator to the LST than the vegetation because all of the correlation coefficients were relatively high (>0.5000) across the spatial resolution from 30 to 960 m. The indicators of LST, V and I are slightly better than the NDVI and NDBI, respectively, based on the correlation coefficients between the LST and the four indices. The strongest correlation of the LST and vegetation at the resolution of 120 m, and the strongest correlation between the LST and impervious surface at 120, 480 and 960 m, denoted the operational scales of LST variations.


Is assigning the GAO to protect against political favoritism by the Fed like asking the fox to guard the henhouse? According to Steve Maser and Fred Thompson's work it is: they find that Congressional pressure has a large impact on GAO decision making.


In light of limited consideration given to how value of servitised offerings are derived and assessed from a customer perspective (Raja et al., 2010), this paper aims to introduce a new approach for value performance in servitising organisations. The four cases investigated confirm the findings reported in the literature review and suggest that companies' targeting servitisation transformation should put into consideration providing innovative value and solutions through connecting all stakeholders in an 'innovative ecosystem' to stimulate value co-creation and achieve value-in-use outcomes realisation. Therefore in order to conceptualise value creation determinants and outcomes a comprehensive literature review on value and performance measurement concepts was conducted to lay the foundation for theorising a new perspective to measure performance from a value driven lens in servitising organisations focusing on further exploring functional outcomes through the consumption of the servitised offerings or the so called 'value-in-use', especially that many existing studies were only exploring traditional value measures embedded in the output or the so called the 'value exchange'.


We describe RCM reactions in the presence of a Hoveyda-type catalyst covalently immobilized on different support materials. The performance of the catalyst was highly dependent on the nature of the support, and in some cases high levels of conversion were obtained, allowing for repetitive cycles. In addition, remarkably low levels of leaching of ruthenium into the product (20 ppm) were observed. This environmentally benign process has potential for continuous applications.(© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)


The fifth generation of mobile communications (5G) is expected to dramatically improve performance compared to preceding standards by offering very high bandwidths and low latencies. To provide this performance, heavy processing is required and must meet strong timing constraints. Reconfigurable computing, managing processing in software and exploiting reconfigurable hardware acceleration, is an innovative approach that should be considered for 5G for its capacity to combine high throughput and high flexibility. This paper presents a case study for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) computation reconfigurable offloading onto an Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The implementation is based on Open Computing Language (OpenCL) that represents a versatile solution, as this language can be compiled for several architectures, provided that a Host+Accelerator structure is used. The objective of our study is to demonstrate that, by means of hardware offloading, the 5G architecture resources can reach high computational load, avoiding processing stalls and latency increase. Results show that around 15% of the software processing can be freed through hardware acceleration and reallocated to support other tasks.


Abstract : The goal of this research is to develop a tool for the Global Patient Movement Requirements Center (GPMRC) to efficiently forecast Aeromedical Evacuation (AE) aircraft and schedule patients in the lift-bed process. During a contingency, GPMRC is responsible for requesting required airlift, and providing lift-bed candidates to the Theater Patient Movement Requirements Center. The objective is to evacuate all waiting patients while minimizing the number of C-141 aircraft which must to be dedicated to the AE mission. In the solution process, a short-term forecast of patient movement requirements is input, including number of patients, bed and aircraft availability, and hub preferences. A mixed integer linear program is formulated, and solved. Upon reaching optimality or a user-specified node limit, the user analyzes the solution and determines if the search will be continued. At process completion, a solution file is produced which contains a feasible schedule which minimizes the number of dedicated C-141s required. The programs developed to assist the solution process were tested with 16 data sets. While optimal solutions are not guaranteed to be found for every case, the process quickly produces good, feasible solutions and provides timely, valuable information to GPMRC so it can request airlift and provide lift-bed candidates to appropriate agencies.


In soil and water,chromium pollution threate health of human,crop and livestock. What is more,it will bring on abnormality,cancer and mutation. Society urgently need effective management method. In this paper,Cr(Ⅵ) and ultraviolet light lamp are taken as model reaction and lamp-house. Photocatalytic reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) is performed in the presence of nano-TiO2 in the self-made reactor. Effects of the concentration of Cr(Ⅵ) ,the PH,the dosage of TiO2,the hole scavengerkind,and the amount of formic acid on photocatalytic reduction of Cr(Ⅵ) have been investigated. The results showed that effect of degradation of chromium is evident.When amount of Cr(Ⅵ) is 4g/L,pH value is 3,Lighted time is1h,and the amount of the hole scavengerkind formic acid is 50mmol/L,degradation rate is up to 96%,At the same time,under aqueous basic conditions,reducing the concentration of oxygen in the reaction solution can improve degradation rate of Cr(Ⅵ) . In neutral condition,the absolute amount of chromate degradation is proportional with the square root of the initial concentration.


We compare three types of mathematical models of growth factor reaction and diffusion in angiogenesis: one describes the reaction on the blood capillary surface, one in the capillary volume, and one on the capillary centerline. Firstly, we explore the analytical properties of these models including solution regularity and positivity. We prove that the surface-reaction models have smooth and positive solutions, and the volume-reaction models have continuous and positive solutions. The line-reaction models utilize distributions on the capillary centerline to represent the reaction line source. The line-reaction model-I employs the Dirac delta function and the mean value of the growth factor around the centerline, which gives a valid model. The line-reaction model-II and -III use the local value of the growth factor, which either create singularity or decouple the reaction from diffusion, thus invalid. Secondly, we compare the programming complexity and computational cost of these models in numerical implementations: the surface-reaction model is the most complicated and suitable for small domains, while the volume-reaction and line-reaction models are simpler and suitable for large domains with a large number of blood capillaries. Finally, we quantitatively compare these models in the prediction of the growth factor dynamics. It turns out the volume-reaction and line-reaction model-I agree well with the surface-reaction model for most parameters used in literature, but may differ significantly when the diffusion constant is small.


The international nuclear proliferation control regime is facing the necessity to handle increasing amounts of information in order to assess nations' compliance with their safeguards commitments. The present paper proposes a Decision Support System (DSS) based on a fuzzy logic approach. The inbuilt information aggregation methodology is based on proliferation indicators as 'quanta of information' and develops within the framework of fuzzy sets as their computable counterpart. Both the reliability of the information sources and the relevance of the information are essential characteristics that are taken into account in the aggregation process. The decision-support system described in this work was presented at the IAEA Symposium on International Safeguards Addressing Verification Challenges, Vienna, Austria, 16-20 October 2006, and the fuzzy aggregation methodology at the Fuzzy Logic in Nuclear Science Conference (FLiNS06) in Genoa, Italy, 28-30 August 2006.


The problem to build a model of an unknown complex function from data sets is a fundamental issue in a variety of scientific and engineering fields. Even in the case of a large amount of data, there can be some situations for that some representative features of the function are altered due to the noisy measurement. In order to obtain an accurate model we have developed and implemented a method to automatically find and eliminate the data points affected by noise. The interaction between the user and the computer program is facilitated by a friendly graphical user interface. We validated the method by using it to model two bi-dimensional mathematical function: a linear one and a nonlinear one. As an application of the method we use it to model a circuit function for a simple operational transconductance amplifier..


A refined three-dimensional version of the time-dependent Thomas-Fermi model is used to qualitatively study the explosion of rare-gas atomic clusters in an intense laser field. Clusters as large as 55 atoms are exposed to a strong subpicosecond laser pulse. A stepwise character of the explosion is observed in which atomic shells are expelled sequentially. The role of ''hot'' electron dynamics in the explosion process is also investigated via initial temperature effects. Contrary to previous opinions it seems that the so-called hydrodynamic explosion scenario is important for most energetic ions coming from the outermost shells only.


The present study focuses on the experimental investigation of an innovative passive mitigation steel device, mentioned as CAR1. It consists of three distinguished parts; the external cylindrical ring, the internal prismatic holder and several superimposed blades that are responsible for the transfer of forces between the aforementioned 2 parts. CAR1 is utilized for strengthening either existing or new steel and R/C structures. The behaviour of the innovative device is changing according to the developed levels of displacement. It is designed so that it can be locked at a preselected level of displacement, thus, offering an extra safety reserve against strong earthquakes. By using CAR1, the beam–column frames can be easily and safely strengthened at many predefined levels according to the desire of the designer. The mechanism of the energy absorption is developed on the superimposed blades through both yielding of steel and friction. The number and dimensions of the superimposed blades, their elastoplastic properties as well as the friction coefficient at their interface, define the equivalent nonlinear constitutive law of CAR1. A full‐scale device was fabricated and experimentally investigated under cyclic loading. The experimental sequences were conducted at the premises of Laboratory for Strength of Materials and Structures of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. The investigated variables are the geometry of the blades, the rate and number of the cycles of the loading sequence. The obtained results depicted the overall behaviour of CAR1 with respect to the absorbed seismic energy, and whether or not it will break during the cycle loading. Each experimental sequence imposed more than 50 cycles on the investigated specimen, with a different target load and rate each and every time. The results showed that CAR1 is an alternative device for mitigating the energy developed to a structure during an earthquake.


Cardiac resynchronization therapy has become an integral part of treatment in patients presenting with reduced ventricular function (left ventricular ejection fraction <35%), clinically symptomatic dyspnea (New York Heart Association II–IV), and complete left bundle branch block. Currently, the standard approach of left ventricular lead placement is transvenously via the coronary sinus (CS). Although a wide range of CS leads, sheaths, and subselectors are available, peri- or postinterventional lead dislodgement is still a cause for placement failure. Interventional stabilization by metallic stents of the CS lead has been described, but there are concerns on mid- and long-term effects because of possible mechanical irritation. Here we describe the first case in which a bioresorbable vascular scaffold was used to stabilize a CS lead in a lateral side branch against the vessel wall.

A 74-year-old man with dilated cardiomyopathy, New York Heart Association Class III, had an implantable cardioverter defibrillator placed in 2008 for primary prophylaxis of sudden cardiac death. In January 2015, …


INTRODUCTION The unconfined Upper Floridan aquifer (UFA) is highly susceptible to contamination in the Woodville Karst Plain (WKP). Sinkholes, solution conduits, and other karst features provide direct pathways for the flow of surface water into the UFA, the source of potable water in southern Leon and Wakulla Counties (fig. 1). Water also can infiltrate rapidly through a relatively thin layer of highly permeable sands that mantle the underlying limestone that makes up the UFA. Stream waters typically contain high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) with considerable amounts of colloidal organic compounds, such as tannins and lignins. When surface water recharges the aquifer near sinkholes, tannins and lignins are transported into the ground water system. Tannins and lignins in ground water used for public drinking water can react with chlorine during the disinfection process resulting in the production of trihalomethanes and other disinfection byproducts (Rostad and others, 2000). Some of these byproducts are suspected to be mutagenic (Kronberg and Christman, 1989) and are difficult to remove from the water. Also, elevated levels of bacteria from surface water enter the aquifer predominantly during wet periods. Generally, these problems have not affected the water quality in large parts of the UFA mainly due to the high dilution factor (Katz and others, 1997) and sorption of reactive colloidal organic (DBP-precursor) compounds on the limestone matrix (Rostad and others, 2000). Nonpoint sources of contamination, however, have the potential to degrade ground-water quality over large parts of the WKP. Fertilizers, septic-tank effluent, and atmospheric deposition can contribute large amounts of nitrate to ground water, as documented by previous studies in northern Florida (Fu and Winchester, 1994; Katz and others, 1999). This study uses a multitracer approach to examine the susceptibility of the UFA to contamination, with particular emphasis on nitrate and its sources in ground and surface water in the WKP. Naturally occurring isotopes and other chemical tracers are used to assess sources of water and solutes, and age (residence time) of water in the aquifer. Information provided by naturally occurring tracers on the age and sources of contamination of ground water has been shown to be very useful in assessing the susceptibility of karst aquifers to contamination from anthropogenic sources (Plummer and others, 1998; Cook and Bohlke, 1999).


In order to ensure the ride comfort of a hydraulic transport vehicle in transportation, it is important to account for the effects of the suspension system. In this paper, an improved hydraulic suspension system based on a reasonable setting of the accumulator was proposed for a heavy hydraulic transport vehicle. The hydraulic transport vehicle was a multi-degree nonlinear system, and the establishment of an appropriate vehicle dynamical model was the basis for the improvement of the hydraulic suspension system. The hydraulic suspension system was analyzed, and a mathematical model of the hydraulic suspension system with accumulator established and then analyzed. The results revealed that installing the appropriate accumulator can absorb the impact pressure on the vehicle, while a hydraulic suspension system with an accumulator can be designed. Further, it was proved that a reasonable setting for the accumulator can reduce the impact force on the transport vehicle through simulation, and the optimal accumulator parameters can be obtained. Finally, an experiment in the field was set up and carried out, and the experimental results presented to prove the viability of the proposed method.


How important is self-esteem to therapeutic recreation professionals? Many of the clients we serve have serious doubts concerning both their worth as individuals and their ability to successfully carry out their life plans.


The paper aimed at experimental determining of Damping Loss Factor coefficient (DLF) in plate elements. Author presented an alternative method of structure exciting by the use of point force applied to a sample through a simple mechanical clutch.


University students' notebook computer use: lessons learned using e-diaries to report musculoskeletal discomfort K. Jacobs, G. Foley, L. Punnet, V. Hall, R. Gore, E. Brownson, E. Ansong, J. Markowitz, M. McKinnon, S. Steinberg and A. Ing Boston University, Sargent College, Department of Occupational Therapy, Boston, MA, USA; University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA; Boston University, Boston, MA, USA


With the rapid development of the foreign exchange derivatives market in China,its impact on monetary policy transmission mechanism,especially on exchange rate transmission channel,is increasingly apparent. Based on ordinary regression model and Vector Autoregression model,this paper finds there is a significant impact on the exchange rates transmission channels of monetary policy.Meanwhile,it also finds that the function of this channel clearly has been weakening.Finally,from the foreign exchange derivatives market perspective,it puts forward policy recommendations to improve monetary policy transmission mechanism in China.


Frogeye leaf spot (FLS) (caused by Cercospora sojina Hara) is a foliar disease of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] that causes significant yield loss in southeastern USA. The Rcs 3 gene in soybean has been reported to condition resistance to all known races of C. sojina. Molecular mapping of the Rcs3 gene will be helpful in breeding soybean for resistance to FLS. The objective of this study was to map the Rcs 3 gene with DNA markers. The parents, 123 F 2 plants, and the F 2:3 families from the cross of Blackhawk' (susceptible) × Davis' (resistant and original source of the Rcs3 gene) were scored for FLS reaction in the greenhouse after inoculation with race 5 of C. sojina, In addition, Wright' and the Wright 6 -Rcs 3 (near isoline of Wright) sere also scored for FLS by the same protocol. A resistant and a susceptible DNA bulk were created by pooling the DNA of 15 resistant and 15 susceptible F 2 plants, respectively, from the Blackhawk × Davis population. The two bulks and resistant-susceptible near isolines (NILs) of Wright were screened with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from soybean linkage groups with known disease resistance gene clusters. The bulks and the NILs of Wright both showed a putative association between the Rcs 3 locus and a SSR marker Satt244 from linkage group (LG) J. A molecular map of the relevant segment of the LG J for the Blackhawk × Davis population was then created by screening the DNA of 95 F 2 plants with the available polymorphie SSR and RFLP markers. We have mapped the Rcs3 gene for resistance to FLS in soybean near a previously known disease resistance gene cluster on LG J. The gene was closely linked to SSR markers Satt244 and Satt547. Close proximity of this gene with these SSR markers provides soybean breeders with an opportunity to use these markers for marker assisted selection (MAS) for FLS resistance in soybean.


The structure factors ${F}_{h}$ of eight high-order [0.64\ensuremath{\le}(sin\ensuremath{\theta})/\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\le}1.56 A${\mathrm{\r{}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$] reflections were measured for a number of wavelengths to an accuracy of a few thousandths of an electron per atom. Most of these have never been measured before to this level of accuracy. A monolithic double-crystal diffractometer of novel design was employed in measuring thin-crystal Laue-case rocking curves which exhibit fine structure strongly dependent on ${F}_{h}$. Computer fitting of the theoretical curve to the measured one yields ${F}_{h}$. An energy-dispersive mode of operation allowed simultaneous measurements of the rocking curves of a whole family of planes to be carried out. The ${F}_{h}$ values obtained, while in excellent agreement with previously measured and theoretical ones for (sin\ensuremath{\theta})/\ensuremath{\lambda}1 A${\mathrm{\r{}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$, are consistently and increasingly lower than the theoretical relativistic Hartree-Fock ${F}_{h}$ values for (sin\ensuremath{\theta})/\ensuremath{\lambda}g1 A${\mathrm{\r{}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. This systematic trend most probably reflects the inadequacy of the Debye parameter B calculated from medium- and low-order ${F}_{h}$'s for high-order reflections. Assuming different vibrational amplitudes for intermediate- and inner-shell electrons, our data yield ${B}_{\mathrm{low}=0.4632\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0041}$ A${\mathrm{\r{}}}^{2}$ for reflections up to 880 [(sin\ensuremath{\theta})/\ensuremath{\lambda}=1.04 A${\mathrm{\r{}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$], in excellent agreement with previous measurements, and ${B}_{\mathrm{high}=0.5085\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0035}$ A${\mathrm{\r{}}}^{2}$ for reflections higher than 10 10 0 [(sin\ensuremath{\theta})/\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\ge}1.30 A${\mathrm{\r{}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$]. We also find no anharmonic contribution to the temperature factor of ${F}_{h}$ within the limit of accuracy of the experiment, in good agreement with previous x-ray measurements and some neutron measurements, but in contradiction to some of the neutron forbidden-222-reflection results.


The author's approach in teaching databases, focuses on acquiring competences needed to use and develop systems of realistic complexity, typical for a micro or small company. Each student works towards gaining experience with various database designs and implementations, querying and development of relational schemas, and building applications. An open-source system is introduced, intended to help teachers organize such courses at a scale, and effectively guide the students in an iterative process of acquiring competencies, at the level of smaller groups or even individuals. The main goal of the system is speed-up of administrative tasks at all levels. The system implements the core process of organizing exams in a partial and piece-wise manner, and implements sets of tools and practices for semi-automated assessment processes.


According to its Organic Law and whilst Statistical Authority in the framework of the National Statistical System as well as member of the Eurosystem, BdP is responsible for the compilation of MFS. In this context, the Portuguese Central Bank is entitled of computing and disseminating information on the balance sheets of Banco de Portugal (BdP) and Other Monetary Financial Institutions (OMFI) and data on the interest rates applied by OMFI on euro denominated deposits and loans vis-a-vis Households and NFC resident in the Euro Area. This information is considered of utmost importance for the evaluation of the Portuguese financial system and of the economy in general. More particularly, the statistics on interest rates are essential to appraise the transmission mechanism of monetary policy and to assess the convergence of euro-area financial markets. In addition, it is a key instrument to provide insights on the financing conditions and on the deposits remunerations, to evaluate the financial margin of the banking sector and to improve the knowledge on the debt service effort of the non-financial sector.


In this paper,by analyzing the transformation of the mode of management of colleges and universities in the new system and new situation,the ways of student work management mechanism were explored,to improve college students' work management capabilities,provide strong basis for connotation of theoretical college students' working theoretical connotation of sustainable development.


Learning is an activity to develop skills; it also changes people's behavior in various aspects of personality. Motivation is an important aspect in learning. Motivation is needed in learning something such as spelling difficult words. Therefore, the writer tried to analyze the novel "Akeelah and the Bee" written by James W. Ellison and focused on Akeelah's motivation in learning new words.

This study was conducted to describe the Akeelah's motivation, the kinds of motivation, and the reasons why Akeelah was motivated to learn new words to win the Spelling Bee contest.

This study used a descriptive qualitative research design, and the technique that used was library research. The object of this study was the novel "Akeelah and the Bee". The data were collected by reading the novel and were analyzed based on the motivation, the kinds of motivation, and the reasons why Akeelah was motivated to learn new words to win the Spelling Bee Contest.

The result of this study showed that Akeelah had high motivation to learn new words because she knew many difficult words, then always wrote them in a notebook. Then, there were intrinsic and extrinsic motivations that Akeelah had in learning new words. The intrinsic motivation was found when Akeelah made a decision to join the contest. She learned the words by herself, joined Javier's spelling club, then, asked Dr. Larabee's help to coach her. In extrinsic motivation, Akeelah got many supports from her family, her school, and her neighborhood. There were so many coaches who wanted to help her in learning words to win the contest. Akeelah had reasons why she was motivated to learn many new words, namely: (1) she once dreamt to be a winner; (2) she wanted to make her father proud of her, and (3) she thanked Dr. Larabee for coaching her. Akeelah got attention from her mom, and Dr. Larabee also found a technique to make Akeelah better in remembering the words.


The [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions of N-benzylcyclohexylnitrone 1 with methyl-3-butenoate 2 have been studied within molecular electron density theory (MEDT) at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory.


The research progress of rear earth doped ZnO-based varistor ceramics was reviewed.It can improves microstructure,decreased ZnO grain size and homogenizing the grain size distribution.Y2O3 doping makes the ZnO-Bi2O3 varistor grain size decreased from 11.3 μm to 5.4 μm,Er2O3 doping makes the grain size decreased from 1.60 μm to 1.06 μm.The voltage gradient of the ZnO-based varis-tor is enhanced and the leakage current decreased.Varistor of ZnO-Bi2O3 based ceramics with Y2O3 doping has voltage gradient of about 270 V / mm,leakage current of 3 μA and voltage ratio of 1.66.Doping Er2O3 into ZnO-PrA6O11 based varistor may obtain enhanced voltage gradient of 416.3 V / mm and reduced leakage current from 28.2 μA to 9.8 μA.


Goldbach's conjecture is one of the oldest and best-known unsolved problems in number theory and in all of mathematics.It states:Every even integer greater than 2 can be expressed as the sum of two primes.In this study I'll prove that this conjecture is true.


Salmon fillets were smoked by four different smoke generation processes: smouldering, thermostated plates, friction and liquid smoke. The effects of three times of smoke exposure (1, 2 or 3 hours) and two smokehouse temperatures (22°C and 32°C) on smoked salmon flavour were evaluated. Smoked salmon fillets were submitted to sensory analysis and the concentration of odorant volatile compounds were investigated from aromatic extracts of smoked salmon by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and olfactometry (GC-MS/O). Analyses of variance (ANOVA) were performed on the sensory and analytical data in order to study the effects of smoking parameters. Secondly, Partial Least Squares regression analysis have allowed to relate the sensory attributes of the different smoked salmons to their composition in odorant volatile compounds. Liquid smoke atomisation smoking process led to products described by cold smoke and vegetal caused by lipid oxidation products, pyridine derivatives,alkyl aryl ethers and several phenolic compounds such as syringol or p-cresol. The other smoked salmons were characterised by salmon-like attributes for a short time of process until wood fire smoke attributes. This odorant evolution is due to the increase of the deposition of phenolic and furannic compounds with increases of smoking parameters (time of smoke exposure and smokehouse temperature).


In this paper, we propose the defect detection algorithm using the image processing in cold rolling. This algorithm consists of two separated parts: defect detection of the steel sheet in a rolling process and defect detection of the cutting plane in a side trimming process. The objective of the crack and hole detection is to find the position and diameter of holes and some information of cracks such as the depth, width, position, and type. Furthermore, the objective of the defect detection for the cutting plane is to find the position of defects on the cutting plane, the number of those, and the thickness ratio between the cutting plane and the cold rolled steel sheets. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm finds the defect information of cold rolled steel sheets satisfying the processing-speed constraint of 30 frames/sec.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the financial performance and potential bankruptcy of shipping transportation companies listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2017. the method to estimate financial performance and bankruptcy prediction is by using  financial ratio & Altman Z-Score method. The results show that the majority of companies indicating there is a signs of improving financial performance when commodity prices begin to recover. In addition to the analysis of the Altman Z-score bankruptcy Based on the Z-score value of the 14 sample companies, in 2013 there were 5 companies in the healthy category (z-score> 2.60), however in 2016 this number decreased to 3 companies . Whereas for companies that are in the grey area category (z-score 1.1-2.60) in 2013 there were 4 companies and then declined to the remaining 3 companies in 2016. Whereas in 2013 company is in the category of financial distress (z-score <1 , 1) there are 5 companies and increased to 8 companies in 2016. In 2017 there was an increase in the companies in the healthy category & grey area each into 4 companies. While companies in the financial distress category are reduced to 6 companies. This means there are improvements in 2017.


Risk Analysis Unit, Institute for Food Safety and Security at Iowa State University. He is also Director of World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Risk Analysis and Hazard Surveillance and Intervention in Food Animals. Dr. Hurd's current research is to identify, quantify and document the public health impacts of various on-farm management practices such as salmonella control and antibiotic use in food animals. His field research activities focused on epidemiology and ecology of foodborne pathogens (Salmonella, Campylobacter) in swine and turkeys and their environment. He has identified important preharvest control points that will reduce the prevalence of pathogens. Dr. Hurd was an analyst on the first BSE risk assessment (Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) in the US, published in 1990. He has also conducted quantitative risk assessments for Classical Swine Fever, Tuberculosis in Michigan white-tailed deer, avian influenza, Salmonella enteritidis in shell eggs, and xenotransplantation from swine. Most recently, Dr. Hurd published a quantitative analysis of the public health risk from using macrolide antibiotics in food animals and an analysis of the public health benefits from antibiotic use in poultry. Advances in Veterinary Medicine Day Keynote Address "Three Strikes and You're Out: the Critical Role of Research"