light of these considerations, it is usually challenging to determine the real extent of infection in patients presenting with either local infection or LDIE. The termination of the diagnostic process before completion of all the required diagnostic tests for LDIE substantially affects diagnosis and treatment. The significant discrepancies in the available reports on the prevalence of various types of infectious complications in patients referred for TLE are largely caused by inconsis-tencies in the application of diagnostic criteria.


Purpose – Restructuring has assumed a significant importance across Europe due to the growing pressures of internationalisation affecting transnational capital. By drawing from two case‐studies in the public health service and the manufacturing sector in Belgium, this paper aims to present evidence of the local unions' capacity to strategically use the industrial relations institutional framework, which foresees the rights of employee representatives to make a proposal for an alternative plan to restructuring, in order to fight redundancy at the workplace.Design/methodology/approach – The study uses a new institutionalist approach in social science and political economy which emphasises social agency and actor capacity to influence and shape their institutional context. The research design was based on two case studies. The methodology was qualitative and comparative.Findings – There is diversity in the process of collective resistance to company restructuring, highlighting different combinations of exter...


Abstract If H is a subgroup of an abelian group G and φ ∈ End(G), H is called φ-inert (and φ is H-inertial) if φ(H) ∩ H has finite index in the image φ(H). The notion of φ-inert subgroup arose and was investigated in a relevant way in the study of the so called intrinsic entropy of an endomorphism φ, while inertial endo-morphisms (these are endomorphisms that are H-inertial for every subgroup H) were intensively studied by Rinauro and the first named author. A subgroup H of an abelian group G is said to be fully inert if it is φ-inert for every φ ∈ End(G). This property, inspired by the "dual" notion of inertial endomorphism, has been deeply investigated for many different types of groups G. It has been proved that in some cases all fully inert subgroups of an abelian group G are commensurable with a fully invariant subgroup of G (e.g., when G is free or a direct sum of cyclic p-groups). One can strengthen the notion of fully inert subgroup by defining H to be uniformly fully inert if there exists a positive integer n such that |(H + φH)/H| ≤ n for every φ ∈ End(G). The aim of this paper is to study the uniformly fully inert subgroups of abelian groups. A natural question arising in this investigation is whether such a subgroup is commensurable with a fully invariant subgroup. This paper provides a positive answer to this question for groups belonging to several classes of abelian groups.


1 Trends in Nutrient Concentration and Load for Streams in the Mississippi River Basin, 1974–94 By D.L. Lurry and D.D. Dunn Abstract Trends in nutrient concentration and load are computed for 40 stations on 24 streams in the Mississippi River Basin. The drainage area of the Mississippi Basin covers about 42 percent of the conterminous United States, and the Mississippi River discharges about 420 billion gallons per day of freshwater to the Gulf of Mexico. The period for which trends are analyzed varies for each station but generally comprises water years 1974–94. Stations included in this analysis are part of the National Stream Quality Accounting Network operated by the U.S. Geological Survey. LOWESS (LOcally WEighted Scatterplot Smoothing) smooth lines superimposed on graphs of flow-adjusted residuals of concentration versus time and load versus time indicate short-term trends for each station. Kendall-Theil robust lines superimposed on the same graphs indicate longterm trends. Long-term trends were evaluated using the slope of the Kendall-Theil robust line and Kendall's tau. Annual loads are estimated with regression analysis and corrected for logtransformation bias with the MVUE (Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator). Trends in annual streamflow are presented to aid in the interpretation of nutrient trends. Statistically significant long-term increases in flow-adjusted residual concentrations of total nitrogen were detected at 14 stations, decreases were detected at 6 stations, and no significant trends were detected at 20 stations. Statistically significant long-term increases in total nitrogen load were detected at 5 stations, decreases were detected at 4 stations, and no significant trends were detected at 31 stations. Statistically significant long-term increases in flow-adjusted residual concentrations of total phosphorus were detected at 2 stations, decreases were detected at 25 stations, and no significant trends were detected at 13 stations. Statistically significant long-term increases in total phosphorus load were detected at 1 station, decreases were detected at 13 stations, and no significant trends were detected at 26 stations. The mean annual yields were computed from the estimated mean annual loads. Mean annual nitrogen yields are largest for three watersheds in the upper Mississippi Basin; estimated yield of each is greater than 5.0 tons per square mile. Nine stations in the Ohio River Basin have estimated mean annual nitrogen yields greater than 2.0 tons per square mile. Estimated mean annual phosphorus yield is greater than 0.250 ton per square mile at 7 stations, 5 in the Ohio Basin and 2 in the upper Mississippi Basin. Statistically significant trends in annual streamflow were detected at seven stations. Annual streamflow influences trends in load, even when the streamflow trends are not statistically significant. INTRODUCTION The drainage area of the Mississippi River Basin covers about 42 percent of the conterminous United States, and the Mississippi River discharges about 420 billion gal/d of freshwater to the Gulf of Mexico (Meade, 1995). Trends in nutrient concentration and load are computed for 40 streamflow stations on 24 rivers in the Mississippi Basin in a study done by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Gulf of Mexico Program (GMP). The GMP was initiated to develop and implement a comprehensive strategy to protect and conserve the resources of the Gulf. The GMP coordinates 2 Trends in Nutrient Concentration and Load for Streams in the Mississippi River Basin, 1974–94 its work through many committees. The Nutrient Enrichment Issue Committee was instrumental in coordinating this study. A nutrient is defined as a substance necessary for growth or reproduction of an organism. Two principal nutrients are nitrogen and phosphorus. Under pristine conditions, nitrogen and phosphorus are not abundant in streams and usually limit aquatic plant growth. Excessive aquatic plant growth can occur in waters with an abundance of nutrients. As plants die and sink to the bottom, bacteria that decompose them consume oxygen at a much faster rate than can be replenished (U.S. Water Resources Council, 1978). As a result, oxygen-depleted waters cannot support marine life vital to a commercial fisheries economy (Rabalais, 1995). Increased nutrient loads carried by the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico have been identified as a contributing factor to seasonal hypoxic water conditions (oxygen concentrations less than about 2 milligrams per liter [mg/L]) along the Gulf Coast of Louisiana (Turner and Rabalais, 1991). A general overview of nutrient enrichment issues is given in Rabalais and others (1996). The current study is one of many the Nutrient Enrichment Issue Committee has initiated to gain an understanding of issues integral to the management of the Gulf's resources. Purpose and Scope This report presents trends in flow-adjusted concentration and estimated annual load of total nitrogen and total phosphorus for 40 stations on 24 rivers in the Mississippi Basin. Annual streamflow trends are included to assist in the interpretation of the nutrient trends. The period analyzed varies with the availability of data for each station but is generally from water year1 (WY) 1974 through WY 1994. Trends illustrated in this report are short term and long term. Short-term trends depict year-to-year fluctuations in flow-adjusted nutrient concentrations or loads. They are indicated with best-fit curvilinear lines computed using the LOcally WEighted Scatterplot Smoothing (LOWESS) technique (Cleveland, 1979; Helsel and Hirsch, 1992). Long-term trends are computed using the Kendall-Theil robust line and their statistical significance evaluated on the basis of the p-value associated with Kendall's tau (Helsel and Hirsch, 1992). P-values indicate whether the slope of the trend line is significantly different from zero. Statistical significance is reported at three levels: strongly significant, p ≤ 0.05; significant, 0.05 < p ≤ 0.10; and nonsignificant, p > 0.10. Annual loads are estimated using linear regression and are corrected for log-transformation bias with a Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator (MVUE) (Cohn and others, 1989). Streamflow, unless otherwise noted, refers to the water discharge that occurs in a natural channel. Annual values of streamflow and load presented in this report consist of daily values aggregated on an annual, water year basis. Previous Studies Several previous investigations have documented nutrient concentrations, loads, and water-quality trends in rivers in the Mississippi Basin. The USGS, in cooperation with the Nutrient Enrichment Issue Committee of the GMP, summarized and analyzed trends in nutrient concentrations and loads in 37 freshwater inflows to the Gulf of Mexico (Dunn, 1996). The USGS, in cooperation with the Freshwater Inflows Committee of the GMP, summarized and analyzed trends and sources of trends in freshwater streamflow to the Gulf (Judd, 1995). The USGS, in cooperation with the Nutrient Enrichment Issue Committee of the GMP, quantified nutrient fluxes (nutrient volume per unit time per unit cross-sectional area) at 21 National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) stations in the Mississippi Basin for WYs 1988 and 1991 (C.R. Demas, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 1995). Smith and others (1993) summarized streamwater-quality trends in the 1980s. They present trends and yields in nitrate loads for 1980–89 and total phosphorus loads for 1982–89 in the major rivers of the conterminous United States. Rivers within the Mississippi Basin show decreases in both constituents that range from -0.4 to -1.6 percent change per year for nitrates and from -1.0 to -3.8 percent change per year for total phosphorus. Goolsby, Battaglin, and Thurman (1993) determined that heavy rainfall and severe flooding in mid-1993 flushed extraordinarily large amounts (compared with those reported in a 1991–92 study) of agricultural chemicals into the Mississippi River, many of its tributaries, and ultimately, the Gulf of Mexico. Turner and Rabalais (1991), using mainly USGS data, evaluated nitrogen trends since 1905 in the Mississippi River at St. Francisville, La. They report substantial 1A water year is the 12-month period October 1–September 30. The water year is designated by the year in which it ends; thus, the water year ending September 30, 1994, is water year 1994. METHODS OF ANALYSIS 3 increases in nitrogen loadings and attribute these to nitrogen-bearing runoff from fertilized soils. Smith and others (1982) analyzed trends in flow-adjusted concentrations of total phosphorus for 5to 8-year periods in the late 1970s at 300 NASQAN stations. They report 4 significantly (p ≤ 0.1) decreasing trends and 4 significantly increasing trends for 8 of the 40 stations included in their study. USGS studies as part of the National WaterQuality Assessment (NAWQA) Program are ongoing (WYs 1994–99) in the Allegheny and Monongahela Basins, Eastern Iowa Basins, Kanawha-New River Basin, Lower Illinois River Basin, Mississippi Embayment, Upper Mississippi River Basin, and Upper Tennessee River Basin study units. Intensive studies under the NAWQA program are concluding (WYs 1991–96) in Central Nebraska Basins, Ozark Plateaus, South Platte River Basin, and White River Basin study units; low-level studies are being continued in these study units. NAWQA programs are scheduled to begin during WY 1997 (WYs 1997–2002) in the Great and Little Miami River Basins, Lower Tennessee River Basin, Middle Arkansas River Basin, Upper Illinois River Basin, and Yellowstone River Basin study units. These programs could provide additional detailed information on nutrients in the rivers of the Mississippi Basin. Sources and Description of Data Data used in this study were collected generally during WY 1974–94 at 40 streamflow-gaging stations that monitor ri


In order to reasonably use the boron-concentrate ore from magnetic separation of Liaoning ludwigite,the raw samples were roasted with ammonium sulfate.Then the roasted materials were separated by filtration after being dissolved into water.The boron-rich solution was used to recover boron acid while the remaining residue was used as a raw material for SiO2 and MgO recovery.Single factor experiments were conducted to study the influences of roasting temperature,roasting time and ammonium/ore ratio on the leaching rate of B2O3.The reasonable conditions obtained by orthogonal test are: roasting temperature of 400 ℃,roasting time of 90 min,and ammonium/ore ratio of 1.6.Under such conditions,the leaching rate of B2O3 is over 85%.The chemical composition analysis and XRD results show that,this method can extract the majority of soluble boron from boron-concentrate ore,and thereby realize the eco-friendly comprehensive utilization of boron-concentrate ore.


In the traditional forward modeling of CSAMT electromagnetic,simulate the polarized ground CSAMT electromagnetic response by adding Cole-Cole model.Based on the theoretical calculation of homogeneous half space and H Model geoelectric section,we analysis the effect characteristics of Ex,Hy of CSAMT,which are impact by Cole-Cole model parameters.Based on the electric field relative to the magnetic field of the IP effect reflects more sensitive,we have proposed a method which using Hy and Ex components to inverse the resistivity,thickness and induced polarization parameters.The inversion calculations show this method overcomes the big influence by the initial model and the problem of the calculation is easy to fall into local minimum when the inversion using the resistivity,thickness,induced polarization parameters.Certain extent,we can extract the appropriate IP parameters.


BACKGROUND
Analysis of responsiveness to antiplatelet therapy is crucial in the management of patients with cardiovascular diseases.

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate a new platelet function analysis system (Anysis-200) and to compare it with VerifyNow (Accumetrics, San Diego, CA) in cardiology patients.

METHODS
Overall, 125 citrated blood samples were collected from 85 cardiology patients referred for platelet function testing. In Anysis-200, platelet function was measured as blood migration distance (MD) until clogging of flow passage, which is comparable to aspirin resistance units obtained using VerifyNow. The two devices were simultaneously used and compared.

RESULTS
The MDs before and after taking aspirin were 174±51 and 247±27 mm, respectively (p < 0.0001). Compared with VerifyNow (reference), the sensitivity and specificity of Anysis-200 was 91.5% and 75.5%, respectively (area under the curve, 0.829). Further, the true positive rate in patients newly taking aspirin was 85% for VerifyNow and 92.5% for Anysis-200, respectively. The Cohen's kappa coefficient between the two devices was 0.682, indicating a relatively high agreement.

CONCLUSIONS
Anysis-200, a novel system for assessing platelet aggregation, has accuracy and precision equivalent to that of, and significant agreement with, VerifyNow. Anysis-200 may be useful in screening patients with abnormal platelet reactivity and aspirin nonresponsiveness.


With an increasing penetration level of intermittent renewable energy sources and heterogeneous energy demands, the secure and economic operation of multi-energy microgrids (MEMGs) becomes more and more critical. Under this circumstance, this paper proposes an adaptive (two-layer) stochastic approach to obtain optimal MEMG operation decisions by taking advantage of distinct energy properties. First, rather than merely focusing on the active power economic dispatch, voltage/var control (VVC) scheme is involved to co-optimize the active and reactive power flow while guaranteeing voltage security; Second, a battery degradation model and a comprehensive thermal network model with thermal energy flow and transmission delay are presented to derive practical and efficient operations; Third, a conditional value-at-risk (CVaR)-based risk evaluation method is included to avoid over-optimistic solutions. The original nonlinear operation problem is reformulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to achieve high solution quality with acceptable computation performance. Finally, case studies are conducted to indicate that our proposed approach can effectively coordinate the dispatch of active/reactive power as well as thermal flow, thus ensuring system security with minimal operating costs and risks.


In order to detect the oceanic red tides based on lidar,the infrared laser can be used to reflect the alga particles'density effectively.The interaction between 1.064μm laser and several marine matters,including water,phytoplankton,yellow substance and suspended particulates was analyzed.The detecting model of 1.064μm laser in the seawater was built.Based on the model and simulation,a conclusion is drawn that the infrared lidar can detect the underwater area within 0.8m effectively so that 1.064μm laser can satisfy the need of detecting the oceanic alga particles'density.


Abstract The continuum approximation replaces a group of discrete dislocations by a continuous dislocation density. It is shown that this formalism possesses similarity solutions of the equations of motion with an arbitrary power law stress-velocity relationship in parallel with the similarity motions of the discrete group. The time scale is identical in the two cases. As with the static continuum approximation, the dynamic approximation leads to a much larger range of explicit solutions than is available for the discrete group.


Both national and international policy makers have long needed a better understanding of the relative importance of quality-of-life (QOL) dimensions in a society. By taking a market orientation to benefit citizens, this research uses con-joint analysis and primary data from respondents in three countries (the United States, France, and Turkey) to explore how individuals assign importance weights across seven dimensions of QOL. The mean values for the importance weights of these QOL dimensions in each country of this study were compared with those of an equal-weighting scheme and were found to be different in most instances. In addition, the same pattern of heterogeneity among the weights of the key QOL dimensions was observed across the three countries of this study.


ABSTRACT Mirdamad, a prominent philosopher of the Late Medieval Period active in the Islamic world, regards existence as nothing in reality. In this paper, I employ methods devised by contemporary analytic philosophers to reinterpret his theory of existence. Based on my interpretation, this theory of existence has many aspects. Metaphysically, existence is nothing in reality. In effect, it is not a property of individuals. Logically, 'existence' is a first-order predicate. In order to make these two claims consistent, he develops a sparse theory of properties, proposes an analysis of the meaning of 'existence', appeals to a meta-metaphysical view about the language of metaphysics, develops a truthmaker theory of truth, and commits to a specific theory of grounding. Arguably, this theory of existence seems to be tenable from a contemporary analytic perspective.


Our 55 patients with Meniere's disease were statistically analysed on the age and hearing. As the results, Meniere's disease was found most frequently in the ages of thirty, forty and fifties. The average hearing loss was 27.7dB. These results were almost similar to the many previous reports. Furthermore, 24 new patients who could be followed their course were investigated on the effect of conservative therapy for vertigo and hearing. As the conservative treatment, vasodilator, vitamin and minor tranquilizer were used. Consequently, vertigo was improved in 95.8% of the patients by the conservative therapy. However, these patients were not completely free from any vertiginous attack. On the other hand, hearing rather became worse in 33.3% of the patients even after the improvement of vertigo. In the literature, we can find many reports about the results of conservative and surgical treatment for Meniere's disease. However, their results also show that the surgical treatment is not always good for vertigo improvement and hearing preservation in Meniere's disease. From these points of view, we emphasized that new and better methods of treatment for Meniere's disease should be developed in the near future.


Objective To understand the iodine nutritional status of school children in Donghai County,so as to provide the evidence for the prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders. Methods The urinary iodine specimens from 1 044 school children were tested by spectrophotometry with redox catalytic of As. and Ce. The data were analyzed by SPSS 17. 0. Results The median of urinary iodine was 176. 2 μg / L. The percentage of the urinary iodine 0 μg / L group was 0. 29%,the 20 μg / L group was 1. 15%,the 50 μg / L group was 12. 93%,the 100 μg / L group was 48. 56%, the 200 μg / L group was 33. 62% and the 300 μg / L group was 3. 45%. There was no significant difference of the urinary iodine contents between different genders. Conclusions The body of iodine nutrition of school children is in good condition,indicating that the iodine intake meets the body needs.


Baseline wander (BLW) is one of major sources of bit errors in perpendicular recording. In this paper, we present a method to compensate for BLW by per-survivor processing (PSP), i.e., along each surviving path in the Viterbi algorithm (VA). We apply the PSP method in VA in timing recovery loop and SOVA for iterative decoding. Simulation results show that the cycle slip rate and bit error rate are lowered and approach ideal case where there is no BLW


Virtual possessions play an increasingly important role in our daily lives. How we think about them and deal with them is changing the way we think and interact with others.


The utility model provides a cloth feeding cradle device of a cloth paving machine and the cloth paving machine thereof. The cloth feeding cradle device of the cloth paving machine comprises two installation plates, a supporting rod, a group of baffle assemblies, a supporting roller, a driving roller, a cloth feeding roller and a first limiting roller, wherein the baffle assemblies are fixedly connected with the supporting rod at intervals, and the supporting roller, the driving roller, the cloth feeding roller and the first limiting roller are movably clamped between the two installation plates. The cloth feeding cradle device and the cloth paving machine are suitable for paving of large rolled cloth and are not apt to deform even in feeding of large rolled cloth. Additionally, the cloth feeding cradle device of the cloth paving machine has no conveyor belt, so that compared with the existing cloth feeding cradle device of the cloth paving machine, the cloth feeding cradle device is simple in structure and convenient to install and reduces the cost meanwhile.


A differential pulse polarographic method based on the Brdi?ka current (polarographic catalytic hydrogen evolution current produced by proteins in the presence of the cobalt ion) was applied to the direct titration of subtilisin BPN′ (S.BPN′) with Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (SSI) at a concentration level of 10-9m. The first and second dissociation constants of the dimeric S.BPN′-SSI complex were determined by fitting theoretical curves to the titration data, in which the multiple equilibrium involving microscopically distinct forms of the S.BPN′-SSI complex was taken into account. The intrinsic free energy change in the first binding of S.BPN′ to dimeric SSI was larger than that of the second binding.


lage. Francis M. Boddy has a chapter dealing with economic growth rates and problems of planning. The agricultural problem is dealt with thoroughly and concisely by Philip M. Raup and includes a treatment of the influence of politics on agriculture. The chapter on Soviet science and technology by Victor Cohn and J. W. Buchta indicates a generally high but varying level of achievement in various fields. The treatment of education by Robert H. Beck deals largely with Khrushchev's reforms and his efforts to enhance the role of vocational training and factory work. A chapter on youth by Thomas F. Magner is devoted to organizations and to various manifestations of resistance to the image of the soviet model youth. Television and radio are discussed by William S. Howell and E. W. Ziebarth in terms . of facilities, programming, and foreign broadcasting operations-—especially Radio Moscow's Pacific Coast and North American Services. In a concluding chapter the editors examine alternative lines of future soviet development in the light of recent changes and the system's basic structure. There are very few errors and these are of a minor nature. It would have been preferable had the authors not confined themselves entirely to the old ruble in view of the 1961 currency reform. Although the chapters are almost inevitably of varying quality they provide much useful information along with evaluations which will be of value to the non-specialist and to students taking a general survey course on the Soviet Union. Soviet Union, Paradox and Change can serve as an excellent companion volume to Kenneth R. Whiting's The Soviet Union Today; A Concise Handbook.—JOHN S. RBSHETAR, JR., University of Washington.


Objective
To investigate the clinical characteristics of sleep disorders(SD)in patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD), and the relationship between SD and cognitive impairment.

Methods
According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of AD, 89 consecutive AD patients admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital from January 2016 to January 2017 were included.The Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI)scale was used to evaluate the overall sleep status.The patients were randomized into the AD with SD(AD-SD)group(PSQI>7)and the AD without SD(AD-NSD)group(PSQI<7). The cognitive function of AD patients was evaluated by the Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA)scale, and the overall cognitive function and cognitive domains were compared between the AD-SD and AD-NSD groups.

Results
Of the 89 AD patients, 71 cases(79.78%)had SD.There was no significant difference in gender, age, age of onset, education level and disease duration between the AD-SD and AD-NSD groups(P>0.05). The factors in the PSQI scale had significant differences between AD-SD和AD-NSD groups, including sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, administration of sleeping medication and daytime dysfunction(P<0.05). Compared with the AD-NSD group, the AD-SD group showed that the total score of MoCA scale was significantly reduced(P<0.05), and the scores of delayed recall and language were significantly decreased(P<0.05). There was a negative correlation of the sleep time with the total score of MoCA scale and the score of delayed recall in the AD-SD group(r=-0.245 and -0.249, P=0.041 and 0.039). Night SD was negative correlated with the total score of MoCA scale and the score of delayed recall(r=-0.248 and -0.283, P=0.038 and 0.018).

Conclusions
The incidence of AD-SD is up to 79.78%.AD-SD patients have a worse subjective sleep quality, longer time to fall asleep, shorter sleep time, lower sleep efficiency, higher night SD, more use of sleep drugs and more daytime dysfunction.General cognitive dysfunction, delayed recall and language impairment are more obvious in AD-SD patients.In AD-SD group, longer time to fall asleep and night SD are related to the general cognitive function and delayed recall.

Key words:
Alzheimer disease; Sleep disorders; Cognition disorders


Adhesive behaviors of porcelain, quartz and alumina were investigated using a silane coupling agent and ferric chloride together with 4-META/MMA-TBB resin. Using 4-META/MMA-TBB resin, porcelain pretreated with silane and ferric chloride showed bond strength above 20MPa after 2, 000 thermal cycles. Silane primed quartz and alumina bonded with 4-META resin showed excellent adhesive durability. Silane coupling agent and 4-META seemed respectively to be effective for bonding the silicon derivative and the aluminum compound, which were the main components of the porcelain.


Abstract — This paper analyzes the application of norms concerning supply chain of business competition in commission for business competition decisions. The case study in this paper is in the case of supply chain of business competition conducted by PT Forisa Nusapersada in Case Decision Number 14/ KPPU-L/2015. As a comparison, this study also compares the application of SCM in cases that are almost similar, namely the Decision of the Case KPPU Number 14/KPPU-L / 2015 with the Decision of the Case KPPU Number: 06 / KPPU-L / 2004. Differentiation strategy and agile supply chain strategy had a significant impact on the firm performance under the low uncertainty. In conclusion, the companies are supposed to use environmental uncertainty as a determinant of the perceptions in setting their strategies.


This paper discusses and analyzes some of the problems in tourist translation of the Chinese-English materials and probes into the principle of the tourist translation,especially the translation of folk customs and culture by presenting the English version of the folk customs and culture,scenic spots,tourist guidebooks and tourist products on the tourist map of Lijiang and Dali.It proposes some methods and strategies for solving those problems effectively so as to advance the development of tourism by translating the Chinese tourist materials,especially the materials of the folk customs and culture,into English vividly and precisely.


Novel bridged-grain (BG) technique is applied in the fabrication of low-temperature solid-phase-crystallized polycrystalline-silicon thin-film transistors. As a result of improved current flow and reduction of high drain electric field, the subthreshold slope, threshold voltage, maximum field-effect mobility, leakage current, and on-off ratio are greatly improved. Mechanisms of BG conduction are studied in detail.


Three lignicolous corticioid fungi:Phanerochaete australis,P.calotricha and P.stereoides,were recently collected from Henan,Jilin and Hubei Province respectively.P.australis and P.calotricha are newly recorded from China,and P.stereoides is the first report in the Mainland of China.Illustrated descriptions of these species are given according to present studied.A key to the 19 species known from China is provided.


Urban autonomous driving is both complex and dangerous. A multitude of road types, road users, and potential traffic rule violations all make it challenging for an autonomous vehicle to safely navigate an urban environment. To tackle this issue, in this paper, we propose a risk assessment framework capable of reliably predicting and assessing the possibility of collision in urban environments involving the concurrent occurrence of various road types, road users, and traffic rule violations. The proposed framework reliably predicts and assesses the possibility of collision by means of long-term motion prediction–based risk identification, unified risk measures, and probabilistic risk reasoning under a distributed reasoning architecture. The framework is tested and evaluated through real-world testing conducted not only on private urban test roads under a great variety of driving scenarios but also on public urban roads under real traffic conditions. Experimental results show the performance of the framework to be sufficiently reliable for urban autonomous driving in terms of risk assessment.


Sound velocity and its attenuation during solidification process in tin-bismuth alloys of three different chemical compositions, Bi/(Bi+Sn)=57.0 wt% (eutectic), 63.5 and 66.7 wt% (hypereutectic), have been measured by the pulse transmission method. The frequency of sound used was 1 MHz. During solidification process, the sound velocity and the attenuation in eutectic alloy showed continuous change with temperature, but those of hypereutectic alloys showed discontinuous change with temperature. By combining the present results with our previous data on sound velocity and attenuation in melting process, discussion was made on the ultrasonic behavior at melting point in simple binary system of tin-bismuth alloy.


Urban centers are places with a high human population concentration, and they can pose social, economic, and environmental challenges. These challenges are accentuated by the increased use of available open space for housing and industrial expansion, leading to elevated energy consumption, increased pollution, higher carbon emissions, and, consequently, adverse effects on human health. Many of these issues also contribute to the acceleration of climate change. There are several ways to decrease these problems through the expansion of greenspaces that conserve biodiversity, decrease air pollution, improve human well-being, and reduce human health risks, while also allowing people to enjoy the benefits of ecosystem services. This review is aimed at professionals who can manage urban landscapes - including adjacent forests, urban parks, tree beds, or home gardens that produce biomass that, together with other non-chemically treated wood waste, could be used to produce and use biochar. Biochar-amended soils provide the benefits of increased carbon sequestration, water retention, and soil productivity and can also decrease stormwater runoff. In addition, a small number of cities around the world have adopted biochar as a nature-based solution to decrease the impacts of climate change. We point out the opportunities and benefits of converting urban wood waste into biochar, how cities can improve their green environments, and, at the same time, produce energy from waste that would otherwise end in landfills with no use or value. Finally, based on previous assessments of wood waste in the United States of America, we estimate the biochar potential to sequester CO2.


This paper preliminary studies the characteristic and strategy of the future informationization warfare,and considers that sea-air joint operations can not win without the support of information technology at sea,especially the war occurs in those countries which master space technology,even if you destroy the space-based reconnaissance and communication platform each other in the first stage of the war,also need to develop new technology areas,such as space-based platforms,sea-based platforms,air-based platforms,and constructs a new information network.We must depend on the wide area network,if we like to achieve the function of C4ISR in open sea.Navy implement tasks which are not sure combat,may be protect the national strategic channel and national interests of the related seas in non-war,it requires technology supports which have characteristic demand and technology guarantee.This paper analyses the submarine collision and anti-piracy incident,suggestion of technology support is proposed.


The ability to attract and retain talent in organisations is rapidly becoming one of the key issues for Human resource managers and professionals hence it necessities effective and efficient human resource planning for organization to achieve sustainable talent management. Given this, the primary purpose of this study was to determine the influence of Human Resource Planning Strategy on retention of employees in universities in Kenya. The study sought to aid university management boards and councils, employee unions, HR professionals, researchers and scholars and government in policy formulation for Human Resource Planning strategies as a reliable means to improve retention of employees in universities in Kenya. The study adopted descriptive design. The target population of the study comprised all employees in 70 accredited universities in the Republic of Kenya with a total population of 50,670 employees. The sample size of the study was 384 respondents chosen by simple stratified sampling technique. Questionnaires were the primary data collection tool. Linear regression models were usedto analyze data (descriptive and inferential statistics) using SPSS Version 23 software. The main finding from the study indicated that Human Resource Planning strategies influenced retention of employees in universities in Kenya. The study recommended to top University management to explore ways and means of devise, review and implement adequate Human Resource Planning strategies to boost their employees' morale and motivate them to perform their job tasks with zeal thus increasing their productivity and hence enabling the universities in Kenya to achieve their mandate and more enormous competitive advantage.


This was the eleventh quarter of this CALFED project to demonstrate the utility of the Spawning Habitat Integrated Design Approach (SHIRA). In the previous quarter, all activity focused on data analysis, report writing and outreach. This quarter, more data analysis and report writing was conducted as described below. Several new areas of analysis, including new design considerations, were evaluated. Preliminary planning for the 2005 gravel augmentation was performed. The plan is to continue to use SHIRA's slope creation methodology (described below) to continue to rehabilitate the Mokelumne River's longitudinal profile for another ~500' of channel length using ~3000 tons of gravel. Because Camanche Dam flow releases have been >1,500 cfs since January and will not be lowered until construction, the pre-project characterization phase will be done using data collected in previous years. This is not a major constraint, since the section to be rehabilitated has a deep hole from historic gravel mining right in the primary spawning reach, so that will need to be filled in before any significant habitat heterogeneity may be considered.


Some amphoteric surfactants (N-Decyl-N-benzyl-N-methylglycine(AB) and N-Dodecyl-N-benzyl-N-methylglycine(CD) were prepared in the laboratory. The physicochemical chemical characteristics were investigated. The adsorption behavior of these surfactants at oil/air interface was investigated by measuring the surface tension and interfacial tension as function of concentration. Surface properties, in particular the critical micelle concentration (CMC), the maximum surface excess (ΓCMC) and the minimum surface area (AMIN) were measured. It is found that the surface and thermodynamic properties of the prepared surfactants depend on their hydrocarbon chain length. Also it is found that there is a good relation between surface properties of the additive and their efficiency in depressing the pour point. The mechanism of the depressants action has been suggested according the adsorption of each additive. Adsorption of the additive on the surface of the wax particles inhibits their growth and alters the crystal habits through micelle core. As the results the surface and thermodynamic parameters confirm the suggested mechanism and the decreasing of pour point. This is resulted in a multilayer, more isotropic wax crystal, and thus only a fixed amount of wax separates at any given temperatures. The results were discussed in terms of adsorption isotherm.


The Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) model is a vehicle for addressing operational characteristics of health care practices to maximize accessible, comprehensive, family-centered, coordinated, compassionate, and culturally effective care. However, many unanswered questions about potential benefits, drawbacks, and requirements for transforming and maintaining practices point to the need to evaluate the model. Some of the challenges to evaluating the PCMH model include the constantly changing environment of health care, the varying definitions for the term "medical home", and the lack of valid measures for many of the features included in those varying definitions.


This paper describes a new watermarking algorithm for digital audio. The proposed algorithm permutes the host audio signal in the time domain and then embeds watermarks in the frequency domain. The key part of the algorithm is a secure and robust permutation operation.


Due to increase in fabric thickness and decrease compactness in packing, film bonding is unfavorable for airbag fabrics, furthermore, the uncoated fabric fabricated with a high density but it still has hot gas leakage problems. This study focuses on enhancement of vehicle airbag nylon 66 fabric properties by using a combination of different concentration of silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) and low-density adhesion polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The results illustrated that the nylon 66 fabric, which coated with PVA and SiO2 NPs presents an excellent property such as a thin layer reached at (0.009 mm), also thermal and mechanical properties have been enhanced to include better mechanical properties according to commercial guidelines airbag of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS). Additionally, the weight per square meter of nylon 66 fabric coated with the PVA and high concentration of SiO2 NPs is 9.9 grams. Besides, the final dry weight of the coating (PVA/SiO2) material taken by the nylon 66 fabric is just 0.4 grams per square meter. The coated fabric demonstrated a hydrophobicity property in addition to the air-permeability has decreased by increasing the amount of SiO2 NPs in the composite material. The PVA and SiO2 NPs dispersed on the surface of the fabrics without any aggregation, as well, the coated fabric is gradually changed from flexible to hard which resulted in the better final performance in the proper and regular thickness along the whole fabric.


Pulmonary disease has been shown to effect the scalar and vector electrocardiogram by increasing the verticalization of the P wave axis, 1,2,3,4 or by altering the P wave contour to &dquo;gothic&dquo; type' or &dquo;pulmonale&dquo; type5. These changes may be pronounced even in the absence of demonstrable pulmonary heart disease4 suggesting their etiology is due at least in part to the extra cardiac effects of the pulmonary changes.


: The eigenvalue based spectrum sensing is a low - cost spectrum sensing method that detects the presence of the licensed user signal in desired frequency. Traditional single - threshold eigenvalue sensing methods, which are widely used in the literature, can exhibit inadequate performance under low SNR and noise uncertainty. Therefore, in this study an eigenvalue - based spectrum sensing method is proposed using a double threshold with the studentized extreme eigenvalue distribution function. The results that threshold values obtained for the proposed method were simulated in Rayleigh fading channels. The results were compared with traditional methods and they were observed to be more accurate.


Density-functional-theory-based molecular modeling verifies that perovskite solar cells (PSC) are composed of semiconducting and panchromatic layers constructed by van der Waals and Coulomb interactions (vdW&Clmb) between PbI64−(MeNH3+)4-derived species. Firstly we validate that DFT-based UV/vis spectral analysis is a useful approach for vdW&Clmb based on assignments of the fine-structured UV/vis spectrum of a benzene solution. The UV/vis spectral analysis of aggregated PbI64−(MeNH3+)4 proves that dimeric aggregates of [PbI64−(MeNH3+)4]2 have a panchromatic UV/vis spectrum of λ max ranging from 417 to 959 nm. Further analysis proves that the strong vdW&Clmb of PbI64−(MeNH3+)4 leads to unidirectional electron transport at the structured components such as the dimer of [PbI64−(MeNH3+)4]2, nc-TiO2/PbI64−(MeNH3+)4, and PbI64−(MeNH3+)4/spiro-OMeTAD. PbI64−(MeNH3+)4-structured solar cells should have a photoelectron diffusion length enhanced by the alignment of the frontier molecular orbitals in the structured PbI64−(MeNH3+)4 components, which supports remarkable short-circuit photocurrent, open-circuit voltage, and fill factor for the molecular-orbital-connected solar cell of HOTi9O18H/[PbI64−(MeNH3+)4]n/spiro-OMeTAD under solar-light irradiance.


: International relations literature of the last decade has characterized the post-Cold War order in Europe as the dissemination of Western norms and institutions eastward. In this process Western international institutions, in particular NATO and the EU, have been regarded as socializers and educators who transform former Soviet bloc states into Western-style liberal democracies through 'teaching and per-suasion'. This paper analyzes the implications of the socialization model as a discourse on the relations between NATO and the EU, and former Soviet bloc states. It argues that, even a decade after many of these states have 'joined the West' as NATO and EU members, the socialization narrative has perpetuated a distinction between the


must cooperate with reporters in making the data simple enough for reporters to understand, reformulate, and convey to others. The best way to accomplish this is to focus the data around two to three key points, avoid jargon, and discuss the implications of the data in terms of the need (or lack thereof) for personal action. Epidemiologists and other sources need a better un derstanding of the press because the public needs a bet ter understanding of disease clusters. We believe that sources can learn to adjust to journalists' news-gathering practices without compromising their substantive mes sage and thus help communicate important health risk information to the public.


Introduction This paper deals with the amulets of the Kerma culture (2500-1400 BC), a largely unpublished collection brought to light at the site of Kerma in Upper Nubia, Sudan, during the archaeological investigations conducted by the Harvard-Boston Expedition under the direction of G.A. Reisner between 1913 and 1916 (Reisner 1923a-b). After his excavations, Reisner considered the site of Kerma to be a Middle Kingdom Egyptian trading station, somehow related to the forts built at that time in Lower Nubia (Reisner 1923b, 535-559). Investigations conducted in recent years have demonstrated that Kerma was the capital city of the powerful Nubian state named Kush in the Egyptian texts, which had a complete urban structure (Bonnet 2014; Bonnet, Valbelle 2014). The study of these amulets, currently held in the Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) of Boston and in the National Museum of Sudan (NMS) of Khartoum will be the subject of a forthcoming monograph published by Harvard Egyptological Series (in agreement with the MFA of Boston) and granted by the Shelby White and Leon Levy Program for Archaeological Publications. The volume will be a comprehensive publication of the amulets of the Kerma culture excavated by Reisner in the last century, and as these have never published, it will provide the first insights into their production, development and significance. A total number of 1.767 Kerma amulets (1.746 collected by Reisner, that are now in Boston and in Khartoum, and 21 by Ch. Bonnet which are currently held in the Musée d'Art et d'histoire of Geneva) have been studied, and a great variety of amulets were identified. Full documentation of these finds currently stored in the MFA of Boston and in the NMS of Khartoum was accomplished during this research (Fig. 1). The study is aimed at elaborating a first typology and distribution analysis of the amulets in the Kerma culture, as the available publications are largely incomplete. Not all the amulets excavated by Reisner were included in his report "Excavations at Kerma" published in 1923. Reisner did not indicate what kind of amulets were found in each tomb, and he did not even specify their number. Moreover, photographic documentation was also very poor, as only two plates were devoted to this class of materials, therefore making it very difficult to get a clear idea of some types of amulets (Reisner 1923a, 89-133). The Kerma culture did not have a written language so is difficult to understand the exact meaning of these amulets. We can only offer a hypothesis on their significance, via comparison with iconographies used in other artistic manifestations of the Kerma culture, and with Egyptian symbols that in some cases seem to have inspired some types of Kerma amulets. Therefore, any attempt at writing the history of the Kingdom of Kush can only rely on archaeological data (Bonnet 1990, 89). The study of the Kerma amulets can help us to obtain important information on the symbols and animals that were believed to have held a protective power. Because these objects are closely associated with religious beliefs, they can help us to understand some aspects of the Kerma religion.


Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract There are two techniques to increase the energy taken out from the piezoelectric transducer. One is based on the improvement of the piezoelectric transducer itself, and the other is based on an improvement of the circuit connected to the piezoelectric transducer. This paper uses the latter technique to propose a distinct method in order to reduce the ripples in energy conditioning circuit and to improve the efficiency and performance of the harvesting circuit.


PURPOSE: A method and a portable terminal for providing a real image function, and a portable terminal holder are provided to project collected images through a projector module, thereby providing the real image function. CONSTITUTION: A portable terminal checks real image mode selection(S103). When an input signal for real image mode function activation does not exist, a user function of the portable terminal is executed by user control(S105). When a user generates the input signal to activate a projector module, a camera of the portable terminal and the projector module are simultaneously or successively activated(S107). The portable terminal collects images through the activated camera(S109).


As a complex and time-varying nonlinear process, gas-water two-phase flow widely exists in various industries. It has a variety of steady flow statuses and uncertain transition flow statuses. In order to realize accurate monitoring of gas-water two-phase flow status, a method combining Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and Canonical Variable Analysis (CVA) is proposed. Multi-sensor data of gas-water two-phase flow are comprehensively measured. ICA is used to obtain independent components of data. CVA is used to extract flow status canonical features and establish statistical monitoring indicators, which effectively solves the cross-correlation and temporal correlation of multi-sensor data and realizes flow status monitoring. The monitoring indicator limits of flow status are calculated by Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) method. Comparing Wasserstein Distance (WD) of monitoring indicator probability distributions, various flow statuses are analyzed in details to reflect the changing trend of flow status. The method is verified by using the measured data of the horizontal loop of gas-water two-phase flow experimental facility, and its effectiveness is proved.


The objective of the EU financed project ROSANNE is to advance harmonization of measuring rolling resistance, skid resistance and noise emission of road pavements and prepare for standardisation. As a part of ROSANNE the relationship between acoustic properties of road surfaces, as measured using the CPX and SPB methods, has been studied. The data are from five parties from five different countries, measured with different equipment and on different types of pavement. The data have been analysed in two groups; CPX and SPB performed at the same reference speed, and CPX measured at 80 km/h while SPB was measured at 110-120 km/h, respectively. The relationship found for passenger cars between the CPX and SPB noise levels measured at 1.2 m height at the same reference speed is LSPBP=0.95∙LCPXP 15.6 dB, and for multi-axle trucks LSPBH80=0.65∙LCPXH80 + 24.0 dB. The relationship for when measurements are made at different reference speeds is less clear. SPB measurements are performed at other heights than 1.2 m, and the influence of increasing the measurement height was studied. For dense surfaces the average noise level seems to decrease by 0.5 dB per meter the microphone height is increased, whereas the SPB noise levels are almost independent of height at porous asphalt.


Sense amplifiers are extensively used in memory. Sense amplifiers are one of the most vital circuits in the periphery of CMOS memories. We know that memory is the heart of all digital systems. Today all worlds are demanding high speed and low power dissipation as well as small area. We know that speed and power dissipation of memory is overall depends upon the sense amplifier we used and their performance strongly affects both memory access time, and overall memory power dissipation. So it is important to design a good sense amplifier which performs well in both speed and power dissipation. In this dissertation, an implementation of a most efficient sense amplifier is done by comparing the best known sense amplifier in today. The dissertation focuses on design, simulation and performance analysis of sense amplifiers. In this paper, current latch sense amplifier and body bias controlled current latch sense amplifier are designed and results compared. The result shows that the body bias controlled current latch sense amplifier is performing best. The result also shows a novel sense amplifier which consumes small power at same time its speed is faster than other sense amplifiers. All the designs have been implemented, synthesis and simulated on 180nm CMOS technology using tanner tool version 13.1.


This study aims to determine the optimal cutting parameters in order to achieve minimum surface roughness on free form surfaces. Frequently preferred Al 7075-T6 material was used. Free form surfaces on the material were machined in the CNC milling in order to determine the cutting conditions that provide the best surface roughness. An experiment list was created with the Taguchi L16 experiment design for cutting speed, feed rate, stepover and machining strategies. As a result of these experiments, the average surface roughness (Ra) values were measured. Signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios were determined in the Taguchi design, and the most important effect on the average surface roughness among the four factors was found to be the stepover according to the experimental results. In ANOVA analysis, step over was found the 95% confidence level in Ra value.


The present study examines the role of social goals of ringleader bullies on school bullying according to Social Information Processing Model as well as the role of proactive and reactive aggression. The sample consisted of 222 fifth-grade and sixth-grade elementary school students from Northern Greece, who completed self-report questionnaires and responded to questions regarding social scenarios of ambiguous intent shown on video. The results showed that boys choose revenge more often than girls. Furthermore, ringleader bullies and ringleader bully followers choose more often, than the uninvolved, revenge as a motive in a social scenario of ambiguous intent. It is noteworthy that ringleader bullies choose more often than ringleader bully followers the social goal of building a relationship, while both ringleader bullies and ringleader bully followers adopt both forms of aggression, proactive and reactive, more than the uninvolved. The findings underline the motivational role of social goals in bullying, contribute to the discussion regarding ringleader bullies' social cognition and emphasize the necessity of intervention programs focusing on social motives of preadolescent bullies.


For those materials that can't be direcedly conducted into non-edited system,it's better to choose reasonable and exerllent transfer equipment and the smallest condensing rate to secure the signal quality after transferred.Meanwhile,when transmiting the programs,it's essential to choose different audio formats and condensing rates on the demands of media of the different programs,so as to attain the fast and good transmitting and playing effect.


As the construction industry continued to depress due to the saturation of the Korean housing market, the Korean company expanded their business to overseas markets. However, since it is the position of a cultural outsider who can not fully understand the local residential culture, the business is often performed in the same way as in Korea. H apartment buildings in Hanoi, Vietnam, have almost the same structure as a unit plan for Korean apartments. Residents living in H apartments, which are different from Vietnamese traditional houses or apartments, are experiencing differences in contrast to their residential culture. Through residents, the satisfaction of the unit plan of Korean apartment could grasp whether they satisfy or not. This will be a chance for a new culture to be created from the viewpoint of residents of Vietnam, also providing a way for Korean apartments to settle in the country with less risk. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the satisfaction level of Vietnamese households living in a Korean apartment building constructed by a Korean company in Vietnam and analyze it from a cultural point of view. For this purpose, a Post Occupancy Evaluation (P.O.E) was conducted or 63 residents in Vietnam. Data mining was conducted on the datasheet with physical and resident attributes, and the residence type and characteristics were analyzed. The factors affecting the satisfaction obtained through the analysis was to derive meaning through in-depth interviews with literature and traditional Vietnamese homes and apartments residents of Korea. As a result of the analysis, the types of residents' characteristics were analyzed for four groups. And the study analyzes the causes of dissatisfaction and satisfaction with environmental factor and spatial factor through variable analysis. Also, it is confirmed that the Vietnamese residential culture.


The Third Avenue Bridge over the Harlem River links Manhattan to the Bronx. The rim bearing swing span bridge was constructed in 1898 and is in need of complete reconstruction to eliminate structural deficiencies and meet current traffic requirements as well as satisfy the seismic safety guidelines set forth by the NYCDOT. The new center bearing swing bridge, when reconstructed, will have a swing span of about 108 meters. Most of the piers and their foundations will be replaced. The critical center pier will be retrofitted using ten 6-ft. diameter drilled shafts socketed into bedrock. Several major challenges regarding the design and construction of the replacement bridge were encountered. The existing center pier is founded on a hollow cylindrical caisson, which is partially embedded in the soil profile and does not rest on bedrock. This pier was found to be inadequate to carry the design seismic loads. The swing span mechanical system has minimal tolerance for permanent settlement and tilt of the foundation. This paper presents the details of the new bridge and its site conditions, followed by the seismic geotechnical engineering analyses performed to develop the foundation retrofit design for the center pier.


Simulation of large complex systems for the purpose of evaluating performance and exploring alternatives is a computationally slow process, currently still out of the domain of real-time applications. To overcome this limitation, one approach is to obtain a 'metamodel' of the system, i.e., a 'surrogate' model which is computationally much faster than the simulator and yet is just as accurate. We describe the use of Neural Networks (NN) as metamodeling devices which may be trained to mimic the input-output behavior of a simulation model. In the case of discrete event system (DES) models, the process of collecting the simulation data needed to obtain a metamodel can also be significantly enhanced through concurrent estimation techniques which enable the extraction of information from a single simulation that would otherwise require multiple repeated simulations. We will present applications of two benchmark problems in the C3I domain: A tactical electronic ground-based radar sites; and an aircraft refueling and maintenance system as a component of a typical Air Tasking Order. A comparative analysis with alternative metamodeling approaches indicates that a NN captures significant nonlinearities in the behavior of complex systems that may otherwise not be accurately modeled.


One WRKY type transcription factor gene designated as TaWRKY46 was identified in a root subtractive cDNA library in which the differential expressed genes responding to the low-Pi stress were enriched.Based on the cDNA sequence of TaWRKY46,this gene was cloned in wheat cultivar Shixin828.The cDNA of TaWRKY46 was 872 bp in length,with an open reading frame of 669 bp and an encoded polypeptide of 222 aa.TaWRKY46 contains a conserved WRKY motif and a C2H2 conserved domain.Phylogenetic analysis displays a high similarity between TaWRKY46 and HvWRKY34,a WRKY transcription family gene in barley,suggesting them to be possibly derived from a same ancestor.Compared with those in sufficient-P(2 mmol/L Pi) condition,the transcripts of TaWRKY46 in roots under the deficient-P(20 μmol/L Pi) condition were dramatically increased,suggesting that TaWRKY46 gene was involved in the response to low P stress in the plants.In the meantime,TaWRKY46 was also obviously responding to the deficiencies of nitrogen,potassium,zinc,and calcium,as well as to be markedly up-regulated by other abiotic stresses,such as drought,salinity,and abscisic acid(ABA).Therefore,TaWRKY46 has potential roles in regulating plant adaptation to nutrition deficiencies and other abiotic stress,such as drought and salinity in wheat.


The components of the renormalized quantum stress tensor for a massive vector field in the spacetime of a pointlike global monopole are determined analytically in the Schwinger–DeWitt approximation. The general results are employed to investigate the pointwise energy conditions for the quantized matter field and it is shown that they are all violated by the massive vector field.


Objective To review the morphologic features of alveolar soft part sarcoma and its differential diagnosis.MethodsClinical data and image findings were investigated.Histopathological and immunohistochemical changes were observed in 24 cases of alveolar soft part sarcoma.ResultsThe tumour most commonly occurred in the deep soft tissues of thigh.It was composed of large,uniform,epithelioid cells having abundant eosinophilic,granular cytoplasm arranged in solid nests and/or alveolar structures,separated by thin,sinusoidal vessels.It was extensively studied by using immunohistochemical methods,no consistent positive findings was shown.ConclusionAlveolar soft part sarcoma is a rare tumour affecting mainly adolescents and young adults.By combining with clinical and pathological features and excluding paraganglioma,granular cell tumour,alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and some adenocarcinomas as differential diagnonsis,a correct pathological diagnosis can be made.


This article centres on the visual memoryscape of military figures in Senegal, which has been shaped by historical remnants, including street art, statues, and films in popular circulation. As originally envisioned, a memoryscape is based on orality and performance, but I consider the physical landscape of Dakar as a site of memory. I observe the artificial division between heroic anti-colonial warriors, represented by ceɗɗo soldiers, and victimised tirailleurs sénégalais, who are more closely associated with French colonial control. Specifically, I outline the portrayals of these figures in two films by Ousmane Sembène and statues and murals depicting the precolonial hero Lat Joor Joob and tirailleurs sénégalais. These interpretations of ceɗɗo and tirailleurs sénégalais exemplify the struggle in post-independence Senegal over national identity.


Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have brought new possibilities to the education sector, but at the same time, they have placed more demands on teachers. They now have to learn how to cope with computers in their classrooms, how to compete with students in accessing the vast body of information chiefly via internet and how to use the hardware and software to enhance the teaching/learning process. Therefore the teachers have to spend more time for their Professional Development in order to reach the benefits of ICT to the learners. Ability of teachers in the uses of ICT for education entails sharing of knowledge among teacher educators, intra and Inter-institutional collaboration, and support from principals and administrators. These factors must be in place for the mother teacher educators, accepting their problems and stress they face in order to bring change in the classroom they handle through ICT. Mother teacher educators require ongoing support and opportunities to experiment with new skills and strategies over time. A professional development programme should therefore include more time and special provisions for developing leadership skills, such as decision-making, team building, communicating, and problem solving for mother teachers considering stress factors. Mothers Teachers Professional Development in ICT therefore face number of challenges. This paper discusses various critical components and challenges for professional development of mother teacher educators in ICT.


Jean Jacques Rousseau is an outstanding representative of the 18th-century Enlightenment. His ideas on politics and law had great influence on the up-coming democratic revolution of the bourgeoisie. In order to have a more comprehensive and correct understanding of his ideas, the authors of this paper have discussed the four contradictions in Rousseau's ideas and their connections and differences from the classical natural law. The authors have concluded that these main contradictions still remain today and Rousseau's ideas have practical significance to us.


Potential effects of hypothesized anthropogenic climate change are raising concerns about the sustainability of development in terms of both people and the rest of the environment. Land use change at the global scale presents many challenges for the research community. Past land use has a definite effect on future ecosystems, but it is challenging to predict future outcomes for biodiversity and productivity of ecosystems. The mechanisms that create complex patterns of forests at different scales (e.g., microscopic, stand-level) will require further systematic analysis.


Today's world the robots are getting more attention of researchers to make life of mankind comfortable. Now-adays automation plays a vital role in all industrial application. The main aim of this paper is to develop a floor cleaning robot that can move itself without human guidance. Motor drive circuits and sensors are used for navigation purpose, cleaning and detecting the obstacles respectively. The advantage of using this robot will save time and it will be very much useful for people with mobility issues to clean the house without any difficulties. This paper presents about how the burden of cleaning can drastically be reduced by means of using an automatic floor cleaning robot. The autonomous cleaner robot consists of low power consuming electronic and mechanical parts and it does not need human guidance. The Robot can perform mopping operation. The main objective of this work is to provide a best solution for floor cleaning services with low cost. Keyword : robot, floor cleaning robot, obstacle detection, automatic mopping, low cost automation 1.INTRODUCTION Today's world is becoming smarter and more automated. Robots are now available to perform a number of cleaning functions, presenting a promising alternative to costly human labor for anything from floor cleaning to window cleaning. It is also used as a supplement to human employees, cleaning robots eliminate the need for workers to perform many simple and repetitive tasks and allow them to focus more on complex, thought intensive tasks that robots cannot perform (at least, not yet)[1]. Robots introduce a new level of efficiency that human cleaners are simply incapable of attaining due to inherent limits of human productivity. Initially they introduced the cleaning robot only for sweeping the dust particles. Later on, the advancement of technology floor cleaning robot comes into the picture and it cleans the floor as well as it sweeps the dust particles [2]. There are certain benefits for floor cleaning robot like reduces the human effort, save the time of human beings and the human error. 2. FLOOR CLEANING ROBOT SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE The block diagram of the proposed system is shown in Fig-1. The power supply is given to the proposed system either by using battery or from the main supply. The ultrasonic sensor is connected to the arduino board to measure the distance of the obstacle and the measured distance is displayed by using LCD display [4] [5] [6]. DC motor is used to drive the wheels of the robot by using motor driver L293D and the driver is used to change the robot wheels direction (either forward or backward) depends upon the obstacle position. Mopping unit runs by using dc motor and it is controlled by using a relay circuit. The water flow can be controlled by using the solenoid valve. Vol-5 Issue-3 2019 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396 10487 www.ijariie.com 1883 Fig-1: Block Diagram of floor cleaning robot 2.1 OBSTACLE DETECTION AND SOLENOID CONTROL UNIT In this method the motion of the motor will run at fixed speed. The robot moves in forward direction until an obstacle is sensed by using ultrasonic sensor. Fig-2: Flowchart for mopping unit, solenoid valve and obstacle detection unit Vol-5 Issue-3 2019 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396 10487 www.ijariie.com 1884 Once the obstacle is detected ,the robot turns depend upon the obstacle direction(if the obstacle is in right side, the robot will move in the left direction and if the obstacles is in left side ,the robot will turn in right direction) as shown in fig-2. For every 30 seconds, the solenoid valve gets open and it supplies the water to mopping unit. The mopping unit runs with the help of dc motor and it is controlled by using relay circuit. When the dc motor is ON, the mopping unit cleans the surface until an obstacle is detected. When the obstacle is detected both mopping and solenoid valve gets closed [3], and the robot wheels get turns left or right depends of obstacle position. Once the robot wheels are turned the solenoid and mopping unit get open and continue their process. 2.2 ALGORITHM FOR OBSTACLE DETECTION USING ULTRASONIC SENSOR Fig-3: Flowchart for obstacle detection using ultrasonic sensor STEP1: Start the program STEP2: If there is any obstacle, the distance has to be calculated by using the ultrasonic sensor STEP3: The obstacle distance can be calculated by using formula Distance= (t*s)/2 Where, t=time to bound back the ultrasonic sound s=speed of the sound, '2'=sound has to travel back and forth STEP4: If the measured distance is greater than 10cm, the robot will keep on moving either in forward or backward direction. STEP5: If the measured distance is less than 10cm we have to send a signal to the Arduino and it turns the robot depends upon the obstacles position STEP6: If there is no obstacle it will calculate the distance and process continuous. Vol-5 Issue-3 2019 IJARIIE-ISSN(O)-2395-4396 10487 www.ijariie.com 1885 3. PROTOTYPE The arduino is connected with battery it starts working and it is indicated by LED.When the obstacle is placed in front of the sensor it will measured the distance and the measured distance is displayed by using LCD display. Fig-4: Final setup of the robot model If there is no obstacle, the ultrasonic sensor will measure the distance and displayed in the LCD display. If the relay gets ON, the mopping clean the surface as well as solenoid valve starts to spray the water. The prototype of the system is shown in fig-4. 4. CONCLUSIONS Now-a-days we need everything automated. Home automation helps the people to finish their task in easy manner. The cleaning robot uses a controller to detect obstacles and manipulates its direction as per the inputs and cleans the surface perfectly. An automatic mopping unit consists of water sprayer which sprays water for mopping purpose and thus it cleans the floor. Thus, the proposed system has got a lot of benefits including reduced labor cost, efficient cleaning as well as saves a lot of time. Moreover in certain scenario, it is necessary for the robot to run more than once through the floor to ensure complete cleaning and GSM module helps to enhance its performance by proper communication between user and robot.


Abstract This article reports on a numerical investigation of the performance of long-haul dispersion management wavelength division multiplexing links in terms of Q-factor and spectral efficiency. To take into account the role of the phase and amplitude modulations, two well-known transmission formats were analyzed: return-to-zero differential quadrature phase shift keying and coherent 8 quadrature amplitude modulation. To optimize the spectral efficiency, the role of the pulse shape, investigating both Gaussian and Nyquist pulses, was also considered. Furthermore, the role of polarization is studied considering both polarization multiplexing and transmission of adjacent channels with orthogonal states of polarization. Such a study is carried out on a 700-km-long dispersion management link consisting of G.652 spans (100-km long) and by adopting a periodical compensation of the chromatic dispersion by means of fiber gratings.


Therapeutic understanding and skills cannot be defined independently of cultural considerations. The utilization of three important processes (i.e., the acquisition of knowledge of cultures, experiences with diverse cultural groups, and ability to utilize innovative and culturally appropriate intervention strategies) in the training of clinical-community psychologists is discussed.


Recently we have developed and demonstrated the utility of a building scale CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) model, FEM3MP (Chan and Stevens, 2000), for simulating flow and dispersion of chemical/biological agents released in the urban environment. Physics of the model include aerosols, UV radiation decay, surface energy budget, canopies, and turbulence, etc. The model has been extensively validated, using data from both wind tunnel and field dispersion experiments, by Chan, et al. (2001, 2002, 2003), Calhoun, et al. (2002), Lee, et al. (2002), and Humphreys, et al. (2003).


With the implementation of energy efficiency regulations for all ships, DC shipboard power systems (SPS) have attracted much attention from the shipbuilding industry due to their advantages in fuel savings with variable speed engines and the closed bus-tie operation for dynamic positioning vessels. However, DC protection coordination is one of the main obstacles to employ DC power systems into ship power networks. Because, in the DC SPSs, fast fault clearing, e.g., several milliseconds, is necessary to avoid the failure of power converters which have much lower short-circuit withstand capabilities than conventional AC electrical equipment, e.g., generators, transformers and cables. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of voltage drops and fault clearing time to achieve protection selectivity for centralized and distributed DC SPSs. Furthermore, impacts of additional bus capacitance, which is combined with the existing DC SPSs, are analysed in terms of the protection selectivity. The results show that employing the additional bus capacitance has great advantages in a bus protection by mitigating the voltage drop at the unfaulted bus and a feeder protection by providing the selectivity between the faulty and the adjacent feeders.


Static tests are widely used to predict Acid Rock Drainage (ARD) from tailings containing sulfide minerals. These tests consist in measuring the neutralization and the acid potential of the waste, tailings and ores. The so-called Neutralization Potential (NP) and Acid Potential (AP) are defined differently according to the different static test protocols. These tests are relatively quick and inexpensive and are broadly applied during the first stages of environmental assessment (Plante et al., 2012; Capanema and Ciminelli, 2003; Lawrence and Wang, 1997). The AP values are calculated by the total sulfur or sulfursulfide content (Plante et al., 2012; Lawrence and Wang, 1997; Sobek et al., 1978). The NP values are measured through the addition of fixed amount of acid, that is consumed by the sample and the residual acidity is back titration with sodium hydroxide. Carbonate minerals and some silicates contribute to neutralization potential. However, it is observed that these contributions depend on the carbonate phases, silicate content, aluminium, iron and manganese content (oxidizable/hydrolysable elements) present in the sample. Calcite (CaCO3) has the highest neutralizing acid capability. Other minerals are dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2), magnesite (MgCO3), ankerite (Ca(Fe, Mg)(CO3)2), and siderite (FeCO3). Among these, the least effective neutralizer is siderite, because the neutralised acid is released again by Fe2+ oxidation/ hydrolysis, thus resulting in no net neutralization. In the present work, waste and tailings samples from gold ore mining were submitted to the following static tests: Modified-Sobek acid base accounting (MABA) (Lawrence and Wang, 1997), standard acid neutralization capacity (ANC), and ANC modified for siderite (ANC-SID) (Stewart et al., 2006). All these tests are based on the Sobek acid-base accounting (ABA) protocol (Sobek et al., 1978). The MABA test replaces acid attack at boiling temperature by acid attack at room temperature for longer times (24 h instead of 1-2h in the original ABA-Sobek). In addition, the final pH digestion should remain between 2 -2.5, and titration end-point pH of 8.3. Beyond that, staged addition of hydrochloric acid and different volumes defined by fizz ratings were proposed. Standard ANC and ANC-SID protocols are similar to original ABA-Sobek. The final pH digestion should be between 0.8-1.5 and the back titration runs up to pH 7; temperature is kept slightly lower (80-90oC); 2 drops of 30% H2O2 is added at pH 5 to oxidise and promote hydrolysis of any remaining dissolved Fe2+. The ANC-SID is a modified ANC test designed to account for the effects of siderite. The test involves larger amounts of H2O2 than those in the standard ANC method and titration of the filtered solution after digestion over a longer time period. Tests to determine NP were carried out in triplicate; one sample was submitted to back-titration with NaOH and the others were collected to analyse the solid residues. Total sulfur, sulfur-sulfide, total carbon and carbon-carbonate contents were determined by LECO and selective leaching. Residual total carbon contents were also analyzed. The results showed S-sulphide content varying from 0.663.45% and C-carbonate 0.68-8.1% (Table 1). Siderite and ankerite were the main carbonate phases identified by Raman spectroscopy; calcite appeared as a minor phase. The sulfide phases were mainly pyrite and pyrrhotite (not shown).


Chromosomal abnormalities and abnormal embryonic development are the major causes of preimplantation embryonic death, implantation failure, or spontaneous abortions. These abnormalities may arise not only after fertilization but even earlier during meiotic maturation of human oocytes. In vitro fertilization (IVF) now offers the opportunity to analyze the chromosomal status of human oocytes recovered after superovulation treatments. Because, however, of the scarcity of experimental human oocytes, only two teams report the rate of chromosome abnormalities in freshly recovered oocytes. Martin et al.' found 34% abnormalities (including all hypohaploidies) in 50 noninseminated oocytes, and Wramsby et al.' found 50% in 23 oocytes. Because chromosomal analysis is simple in oocytes during meiotic maturation, we analyzed the chromosomal status of oocytes that remained unfertilized in an IVF program, as well as embryos obtained after IVF.


Isolable cationic PtII and PtIV alkylidenes, proposed intermediates in catalytic organic transformations, are reported. The bonding in these species was probed by experimental, structural, spectroscopic, electrochemical and computational methods, providing direct evidence for π-bonding, the often-theorized relativistic stabilization of these species, and the influence of oxidation state.


Concrete has been used as a major construction material for many decades. With the rapid increase in the infrastructure of our country there is a need to upgrade concrete properties by incorporating various materials in the design mix. Hence a lot of research work is being carried out for this purpose. There is nascent concern in the use of supplementary cementing material as production of binary and ternary concrete matrices. This study presents the effect of incorporating Metakaolin (MK) and Silica Fumes (SF) on strength parameter of ternary pavement concrete blending cement (CEM) with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) for a constant water/binder ratio of 0.33. Twenty-two mixtures prepared by replacing of cement with GGBS (20%, 40%, and 60%), SF (10%, 15%, and 20%) and MK (10%, 15%, and 20%) were designed for target strength 48 Mpa. From the results, it was observed that 45% replacement of cement with GGBS in binary blend concrete (Cement + GGBS) show optimum level in terms of compressive strength at 28 days and also 56 days, beyond the 45% replacement level strength decreases. In ternary blend concrete mix S40MK15 (CEM-40%, GGBS-40% & MK-15%) and S40SF15 (CEM-40%, GGBS-40% & SF-15%) shows the optimum strength. Splitting tensile strength and flexural strength values have also followed the same trend. Finally this study concludes that the ternary concrete blends cement with 40% GGBS and 15% MK show the desired properties which is almost equal as compared to the ternary concrete blends cement with 40% GGBS and 15% SF. Hence both of these mixes can be used economically depending upon their availability. How to cite this paper: Antim | Er Gaurav Tanwar "A Research on study Behaviour of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Cement with Metakaolin and GGBS" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6, October 2020, pp.472-475, URL: www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33420.pdf Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Journal. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) INTRODUCTION There is emergent interest in the construction of concrete pavements, due to its better serviceability, durability, high strength and overall economy in the long run. Cement is a foremost ingredient material of concrete. As cement industry put in five to eight percentage of total CO, expulsion global. Mineral admixtures are utilize in concrete mixes may help in reducing impact of cement production to environment. And these materials also enhance concrete performance. Utilization of industrial byproducts or mineral admixture saves energy and through reduction in carbon di oxide emission it is beneficial to environment. Mineral admixtures (or "Supplementary cementing materials" SCMS), silica fume, fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, Metakaolin, rice husk ash etc. are widely used in concrete matrices to reduces cement content, increase strength, improve workability and enhance durability through pozzolanic or hydraulic activity. Although cement combinations concrete has been used in construction industry for ages, the literature indicates that these have tended to be relatively limited particularly in the application of ternary cement and high addition levels in concrete systems. Thus, this project describes a study performed on the strength parameters of GGBS-based ternary concrete, strength in compression, strength in tension and flexural strength. The concretes matrices were formulated by combining cement (CEM) with various proportions of GGBS for the combinations of binary concretes and the use of silica fume (SF) or metakaolin (MK) for the combinations of the ternary concretes. 1.2 Definition of Ternary Concrete Typical concrete is composed of Portland cement, fine aggregate such as sand, coarse aggregate (crushed stone and gravel), and water. The water hydrates the cement to form a paste that clenches all the aggregate jointly. The concrete could be modified in several ways as using other binder material rather than cement and by incorporation of admixture to enhance or simply say changes concrete properties in fresh mix and hard stage. When two different cementitious materials used as binder either as partial cement replacement or addition apart from cement, concrete matrices known as binary concrete or binary blend concrete. The additional cementing material are generally supplementing cementing material, they alone not shown any extensively cementing property but they react with calcium hydroxide in cement paste to form secondary calcium silicate hydrates. And when three different cementitions materials (in this case Portland cement, Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag, and metakaolin/silica fume) used as bind in concrete matrices, concrete known as ternary concrete. 1.3 Concrete pavement Concrete pavement are successively fashioned or constructed since 1893. Concrete has been used extensively for concrete pavement due to its better serviceability, durability, high strength and overall economy in the long run. Concrete pavement is a structure that consists of a layer of ordinary Portland cement concrete which is usually IJTSRD33420 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470 @ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD33420 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 6 | September-October 2020 Page 473 supported by a sub-base layer on the sub-grade is known as concrete pavement. Literature Review Huiwen Wan et al. (2014) studied "the analysis of geometric characteristics of GGBS particles and their influences on cement properties." They inferred that with the help of particle size distribution and surface area, strength influence with GGBS introduction recognized. The initial strength of concrete recorded higher when finer particle GGBS used with equal surface area. Compressive strength and long-term haul strength of mortar increases as GGBS content increases. O. Çakir and F. Akoz (2018) studied the effect of curing conditions on properties of mortars with and without GGBS. In this study mortal is modified by cement replacement with GGBS by weight at replacement level 0%, 30%, and 60%. The whole work divided with two groups as one with standard condition that is 20 °C kept in water and other with temperature at 40 °C kept in moisture condition. The results of this research indicate that, mortar with GGBS showed lower strength (compressive as well as flexural) as compare to cement mortar. The specimen exposed to lower humidity and elevated temperature shows high strength at early age as compare to specimen kept in water. For both curing condition the coefficient of capillarity and porosity of mortar with GGBS decreased as GGBS content increases, thus, it improves the durability of mortar against aggressive solutions and water. Rafat Siddique and Rachid Bennacer (2016) investigated the use of steel and iron industry by-product (GGBS) in cement mortar and paste. The results of this research indicate that, utilization of GGBS quickens the early hour's hydration of OPC, with the expansion in slag content the cement consistency was diminished. The blends cement concrete/mortar showed extensively superior sulfate resistance with GGBS replacement level 60%. The mortar/concrete containing GGS showed that there was an increment in strength, workability and setting time. FathollahSajedi et al. (2012) investigated the interaction between strength parameter (compressive strength) of cement-GGBS mortars under water and air curing. For those twelve mortars mixes using binder content 380 and 500 kg/m prepared with different GGBS replacement level i.e., 0%, 50% & 100%. For curing of mortar specimens kept in water and at room temperature. The results of this work showed the optimum strength of mortar in term of compressive strength was achieved at binder content 380 kg/m3 with water curing for cement-GGBS binder as well as for cement binder. Hence it is concluded from this study, for higher strength mortar it is not necessary to take higher binder content and it is also important in environment. and economical point of view. There was no strength decrement observed at 90 days as compared to 28 days. Up to 50% replacement level, as slag content increases the strength was increased with water curing. Aveline Darquennes et al. (2015) studied the hydration advancement monitored for concretes with different GGBS contents using several techniques such as adia-baticcalorimetry, thermo-gravimetry and analysis by scanning electron-microscopy. Three mix matrices were prepared in the experimental campaign presented hereafter: MIX I (0% slag), MIX 1I (42% slag), MIX III (71% slag). The result of this research indicates that, the hydration was slow-down as slag content increased. Although product of cement-slag hydration was similar to that of cement hydration the quantities vary. S. Krishna Rae et al. (2016) studied the mechanical properties and abrasion resistance of roller compacted concrete with slag. In this exploratory examination, seven distinct blends of concrete received in which binder material cement was mostly supplanted by six replacements level i.e., 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% and 10%of cement by slag. At curing period of 90 days, 28 days, 7 days and 3 days, strength parameter tests were performed that were split tensile, flexural compressive and abrasion resistance. Up to 50% replacement level the strength was successively increased as age of concrete. Although at the early age (3 days) strength recorded was diminished, the strength after 14 days increased as compare to control mix. It was also recorded as slag content expanded resistance to abrasion was expanded. Alaa M. Rashad and Dina M. Sadek (2017) studied the prospect of enlig


This paper presents some of the administrative problems besetting the introduction of automated data‐processing procedures into the obstetric medical records of the Royal Hospital for Women. ∗∗∗it deals with the frequently presented proposition, upheld by medical and nursing personnel, that "paper work" and "reporting" activities interfere with their chief role of "proper work"—namely, patient care.


Previous reports have shown that genistein and tyrphostin AG‐1478, two tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), exert multiple cellular effects in prostate carcinoma cells, e.g. a reduction in the production of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor uPAR, and a decrease in the cells' ability to invade an artificial basement membrane. Microarray technology was used to measure alterations in mRNA levels caused by TKI treatment in two prostatic carcinoma cell lines, PC‐3 and DU‐145. Genistein treatment led to a reduction of at least 50% in 78 genes in PC‐3, while 82 were twofold upregulated. In DU‐145, the same treatment resulted in a 50% decreased transcript level in 120 genes, and increased expression in 25 genes. Tyrphostin AG‐1478 produced a 50% reduction in mRNA levels in 58 genes in DU‐145, whereas no alterations were demonstrated using the tyrphostin in PC‐3 cells. Among the effects of TKIs, a lowered uPA and uPAR transcription was demonstrated in genistein‐treated cells, while a few metalloproteinases (MMPs) were affected. Transcription of various integrin subunits was also downregulated overall. Several alterations in gene transcription were demonstrated in PC‐3 and DU‐145 after TKI treatment. This knowledge could be of importance in the search for new therapeutic strategies in prostate cancer treatment, and the interplay between the various effects needs to be investigated further.


Abstract Progressive granulocytopenia (neutrophil count <1000/ml) developed in a newborn during treatment with propafenone (200 mg/m2) for recurrent paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. The total white blood cell count, however, remained within normal limits. The neutrophil count increased gradually after propafenone had been stopped. The time course of treatment and the development of granulocytopenia make it very likely, but not certain, that propafenone was the responsible agent. Pediatricians, and especially pediatric cardiologists, should be aware of this rare adverse effect when they consider treatment with propafenone in children with cardiac arrhythmias. Analysis of the white cell blood count, including a differential count, is recommended in all children in order to assess the true incidence of this adverse effect.


The paper presents a theoretical investigation of the application of the pulse-compression technique to a panoramic superheterodyne receiver. The sensitivity and resolution of such a system have been calculated and compared with those of a receiver without compression. Receivers having square-law or linear detectors, with both rectangular and Gaussian i.f. responses, have been considered. For the receiver without compression, the calculated sensitivity is that of the tangential setting; for the receiver with compression a similar calculation is made, based on the peak power of the compressed pulse. For a given receiver bandwidth, B1, and a sweep rate, R, the sensitivity improvement has a theoretical upper limit of approximately B21/R. Practical limitations to the magnitude of the increase are, however, set by the ability to design and construct suitable, dispersive delay networks operating over a wide frequency band, by unintentional variations in the sweep rate and by the possible difficulty of maintaining a good noise factor in a very wideband receiver where the i.f. extends to a very high frequency. In practice, improvements in sensitivity of up to 20dB should be possible. Information is also given for the design of a panoramic receiver without pulse compression.


An experimental practice on the ultra-fine wet grinding of calcite ore in a conventional batch ball mill is reported. In this study, the effect of wet grinding conditions on the production of fine particles was researched. The influence of operating parameters such as operation speed (% of critical speed), ball filling ratio, calcite filling ratio, pulp density, ball size distribution, and grinding time on the grindability of calcite ore was systematically examined. Experimental results were evaluated on the basis of d80 product size. As a result of this study, optimum experimental conditions were found to be 80% of critical speed for operation speed, 35% for ball filling ratio, 15% for calcite filling ratio, 75% for pulp density, 50% (1 cm) and 50% (2 cm) for ball size distribution, and 60 min for grinding time. It was found that the best product has d10 = 1.51, d50 = 12.53, and d80 = 30.02 µm particle size and its steepness factor is 3.75. The outcomes indicate that the wet grinding technique in conventional ball mill for calcite ore is effective to obtain ultra-fine size products.


Poly(ethylene oxide), (PEO)-based polymer electrolytes are receivmg attentton as potential candidates to be used as electrolyte membranes in lithium polymer batteries and other devices. However, their low ionic conductivity at ambient temperatures considerably limits their usage. According to the literature, several routes have been used to enhance the room temperature ionic conductivity of PEO based electrolytes. Among them, the complexing of PEO with two salts has shown some positive results. However, only a limited number of reports on such systems can be found in the literature. In this paper, we report the conductivity enhancement in the PE09 LiTf system due to the incorporation of NiClz as the second complexing salt.


Elderly person of 80 years of age and older presents a specific challenge toanesthetists, who needs to acquire and maintain skill and expertise in the managementof such patients. Departments should have a lead clinician with an interest in the careof the elderly.Pre-operative assessment by Multi-Disciplinary Team, involving anesthetists,surgeons and physicians and members of other specialty, would help in better out come in such patients.  The availability of equipment's, such as active warming devices andanti-pressure sore apparatus, is mandatory for the elderly. Age does not obtund the perception of pain. Acute and chronic pain management teamsshould be available to treat the elderly. Prophylaxis for Thrombo embolic disease should initiated to prevent further complications.