Nowadays, the legislative base of Ukraine is far from being perfect and needs improvement by introducing amendments to the current legislative acts and adoption of new ones. In the complicated social and political conditions, and considering a great variety of ideas concerning land relations reforming, such legislation cannot be created within a short time. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a sufficient work on improvement of the current norms of land legislation and to adopt the corresponding bill drafts, hereafter described.
The main legislative acts of the legal regulation of land organization include the Constitution of Ukraine, the Land Code of Ukraine, the Code of Ukraine on Bowels, the Forest Code of Ukraine, the Water Code of Ukraine, the Laws of Ukraine «On Land Organization», «On Topographic-Geodesic, and Cartographic Activities», «On the Procedure of Allocation of Land Plots in kind (in Places) to the Owners of Land Plots (Shares) (Portions (Pay)), «On Land Protection», «On Environmental Protection», «On Delimitation of Lands of State and Communal Property»,
«On the State Land Cadaster», «On the State Control for Land Use and Protection», «On Pesticides and Agrochemicals», «On Standardization», etc.
To run the appropriate legal regulation of land organization, it is necessary to introduce some changes to such legislative acts as the Law of Ukraine «On Land Protection», the Law of Ukraine «On Land Lease», as well as to adopt such projects as the Law of Ukraine «On Land Zoning», the Law of Ukraine «On the State Inventory of Lands», the Law of Ukraine «On Land Monitoring», the Law of Ukraine «On the State Agrochemical Certification of Agricultural Lands'.
It is reasonable to establish a State Service of Soil Protection, i.e. a governmental body of state administration. To provide for the appropriate performance of the mentioned service, it is expedient to introduce changes to the Land Code of Ukraine, the Laws of Ukraine «On Land Protection», «On the State Control for Land Use and Protection», «On Land Valuation».


Background:  Although Descemet‐stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty has replaced penetrating keratoplasty for primary treatment of endothelial disorders, many patients have already undergone penetrating keratoplasty. It is unclear when repeat penetrating keratoplasty is necessary or when endothelial keratoplasty may restore clarity to a failed graft.


In this paper advances in biological control research of Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel) were summarized.The natural enemies which had the main control functions were exhibited,the use of parasitoids,predators,and the pathogenic microorganisms(fungi,nematode and symbiosis fungus),the use of hydrolyed protein,chemical substance and secondary material of plant,and the use of sterile technique were discussed.Finally,the development tendency of biological control of oriental fruit fly was discussed,hoping to afford the reference of biological control in the persist control of oriental fruit fly.


The term gypsy law is used to describe the set of rules perceived by the gypsies to be binding, the social control strategies within their groups and the mechanisms that have developed for solving disputes within the community. Since gypsy law is oral, anthropology of law probably offers the most appropriate perspective for its examination, in both theoretical and methodological terms. As the structure of the community's law is naturally influenced by several aspects of gypsy culture, they are analysed here in brief: the nomadic lifestyle, diaspora and fragmentation that have long been characteristic features of the gypsy people; the social organisation found in the great majority of groups and, lastly, the family, an institution of fundamental significance, especially in determining the role played by each individual within the group.


Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (EAC) is the most common subtype of Esophageal Cancer in Western countries, and its incidence rate has increased over the past few decades. The overall five-year survival rate of EAC is less than 20%. Smoking is a major risk factor for EAC development. WEE1 kinase plays a crucial role in the cell cycle by regulating the G2/M checkpoint, providing a time frame for the cells to repair DNA damage. Thus, targeting WEE1 using an inhibitor could potentiate the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs. This study investigated how smoking induces WEE1 protein expression, promoting docetaxel resistance in EAC.
 IHC staining for WEE1 in the normal esophagus and EAC tissue sections revealed significant over-expression of WEE1 protein in EAC. Nicotine, Nicotine derived Nitrosamine Ketone (NNK), and 2% cigarette smoke extract (CSE) treatment induced WEE1 expression with a concomitant increase in CDC2 phosphorylation (p-CDC2, Y15), a well-established read-out of WEE1 activity in EAC cells. In addition, we found that smoking upregulates WEE1 expression by decreasing miR-195-5p expression levels in EAC.
 Based on the differential gene expression signatures in EAC cell lines FLO1 and OE33 following WEE1 knockdown, drug and small molecule induced gene expression signatures analysis, L1000 fireworks display (L1000FWD), predicted that docetaxel is one of the best drug candidates which can synergize with the WEE1 inhibitor MK1775. Smoking-induced docetaxel resistance in EAC cells measured by cell viability assay. Down-regulating WEE1 expression with siRNA or pharmacological inhibition using MK1775 significantly sensitized EAC cells to docetaxel treatment, as evidenced by a remarkable decrease in the IC50 value of docetaxel. Inhibition of WEE1 combined with docetaxel can be considered an ideal therapeutic strategy due to its superior anti-tumor efficacy compared to the standard single-agent treatment. In conclusion, our data provide a firm rationale for the clinical combination of docetaxel with MK1775 in EAC patients.
 Citation Format: Krishnapriya Thangaretnam, Islam MD Obaidul, Heng Lu, Dunfa Peng, Nadeem Sidiq Bhat, Mohammed Soutto, Zheng Chen. Smoking induces Wee1 expression through miRNA deregulation, promoting docetaxel resistance in esophageal adenocarcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 375.


Objective To observe the nimodipine on cerebral hemorrhage hematoma volume and the clinical curative effect of cerebral edema.Methods The 80 patients were randomly assigned to two groups,the treatment group and control group and control group in the routine treatment,the treatment group of patients,are in after 12 hours,48 hours and 5 days give intravenous drip nimodipine 8 mg,treatment for 15 days.Two groups of patients respectively on record its admission,5 days and 15 days of the hematoma volume and edema with area.Results Treatment group patients relative cerebral hemorrhage patients with less obvious edema,nimodipine can effectively reduce the patients with cerebral hemorrhage oedema appears degree.Conclusion nimodipine on cerebral hemorrhage hematoma volume and treatment of cerebral edema clinical effect very good,12 hours the effect is better.


The process for preparing naphthoic acid by oxidation of methylnaphthalene over Co-Mn-Br catalyst was studied aiming at obtaining high yield of naphthoic acid. The main results of this thesis are summarized as following: 1. In the process of oxidation, the source of methylnaphthalenes and the contribution of oxidation with oxidant were investigated according to the reaction results. Different purity industrial methylnaphthalenes were choosed in the following experiments. 2. In the process of oxidation, the source of oxidants such as oxygen, ozone and hydrogen peroxide were investigated. Oxygen was chosen as the oxidant of methylnaphthalene oxidation according to the experimental results. 3.The effects of reaction parameters such as operation mode, catalyst loading, amount of solvent, temperature and pressure on the liquid phase catalytic oxidation of β-methylnaphthalene to β-naphthoic acid over Co-Mn-Br catalyst have been investigated in a high-pressure reactor. The results showed that the pressure-constant operation mode was better than stepwise pressure rise operation mode. It has been demonstrated that oxidation process existed an induction period. Using a Co-Mn-Br catalyst of 1:1:2 ratio and with the pressure-constant operation mode, the appropriate reaction parameters were 1 % catalyst loading, 120°C and 0.6 MPa. Under that condition, a β-naphthoic acid yield of about 93.7 % was realized. 4. It has been demonstrated that each single component of Co, Mn or Br and Co-Mn had little catalytic oxidation activity, while the oxidation was catalyzed by Co-Br, Mn-Br and Co-Mn-Br. Compared with that of Co-Br, the oxidation went smoothly with Mn-Br and higher yield was obtained but with longer reaction time. 5. The Effects of reaction pressure and temperature on the liquid phase catalytic oxidation of α-methylnaphthalene to α-naphthoic acid over Co-Mn-Br catalyst have also been investigated in a high-pressure reactor. The results showed that the oxidation of α-methylnaphthalene could be performed at both lower pressure (0.3 MPa) and lower temperaturet ( 90°C). Under that condition, a α-naphthoic acid yield of about 93.9 % was realized. 6. In order to get the methylnaphthalene oxidation mechanism, the effects of catalyst composition, water addition, product as well as Cu2+ on the liquid phase catalytic oxidation of methylnaphthalene over Co-Mn-Br catalyst have been investigated in a high-pressure reactor.


The Mpumalanga Department of Roads and Transport (MDORT) developed and published a Rural Transport Strategy for the province in May 2006. One of the cornerstones of the strategy is the realization that an integrated approach to rural development is the key to sustainability. In this regard the MDORT adopted the Integrated Rural Mobility and Access (IRMA) approach to project implementation as articulated in the Rural Transport strategy for South Africa (DOT, 2003). In essence, the IRMA approach endeavours to find innovative solutions to challenges related to accessing socio-economic opportunities by communities within the ambit of environmental sustainability. These interventions would include inter alia, the provision of appropriate and integrated rural transportation infrastructure [including pedestrian bridges, paths, and low-level crossings] and services [including non-motorised transport services] complete with adequate funding streams for maintenance and development. MDORT has interpreted and piloted the IRMA concept in the Albert Luthuli Municipality (formerly Elukwatini/Carolina) in Mpumalanga. This paper presents empirical findings relating to environmental challenges emanating form the planning & implementation of IRMA i.e. community-based, labour- intensive construction of community infrastructure such as pedestrian bridges, paths, low-level crossings running the gamut from awareness raising [especially through the auspices of the Environmental Management Steering Committee which became an effective conduit for imparting information on the environment to beneficiary communities] to proactively putting in place practical countermeasures demonstrating and entrenching the benefits of environmental sustainability in the Albert Luthuli Municipality in Mpumalanga Province.


This paper is to discuss the newly arising problems on education and training for Chinese seamen since the release of Pact STCW78/95.Compared with the crew education and training of developed countries,defects in Chinese crew education and training can be discovered in a v1ew to the current situation of shipping development worldwide and the fierce competition among the seamen market worldwide.1n Order to bring up modernized and qualified seamen,meeting the requirements Of the pact,a detailed analysis is to be carried out,which is deep into patriotism,sea-loving,career-devotion,English studies and training,psychological education for seamen,mastery of computer skills and relevant education 1aw.


Using a plurality of tag memories, to provide a cache memory system and method to support multiple simultaneous store operations. Cache data system further with store functional and single cache load function simultaneously provide a number simultaneous cache store function. Embodiment, the cache write buffer, the cache memory system or device does not work as a bottleneck for the data store operation, creating cache memory.


The invention relates to the field of tobacco flavors and fragrances, particularly to a method for preparing nose characteristic aroma components of tobacco or tobacco products. The method for preparing the nose characteristic aroma components of the tobacco or the tobacco products comprises the steps as follows: tobacco leaf samples are cut into shreds and placed into a shred-storing glass device; the shred-storing glass device is heated, and the samples are purged by nitrogen; a collecting glass device is used for collecting the nitrogen obtained through purging in the whole course, and the collecting glass device is located in a cold trap during collection; and after the collection is finished, an organic solvent is added into the collecting glass device, an organic solvent layer is collected after layering, and then the nose characteristic aroma components of the tobacco or the tobacco products are obtained after the solvent is removed. The method for preparing the nose characteristic aroma components of the tobacco and the tobacco products through nitrogen purging is safe, harmless and good in repeatability, the prepared nose characteristic aroma components can reflect regions and flavor type characteristics of the tobacco according to expert sensory evaluation, and related equipment is simple to assemble and low in cost.


We demonstrate heterogeneously integrated gallium arsenide (GaAs) on silicon nitride (SiN) lasers using wafer-scale integration operating at a wavelength below Si bandgap with high uniformity enabled by advanced lithography and optimized fabrication. The technology promises to revolutionize the fields of AR/VR and quantum technology among others.


A plaintiff and attorney who enter into a contingent fee contract have a unique relationship. The plaintiff has hired the attorney to maximize his return on a potential legal claim. He could proceed pro se, but he believes that the attorney's experience will yield a more favorable judgment despite the fact that his attorney receives, pursuant to their contract, a portion of the judgment or settlement. In reality, the plaintiff is never able to access the attorney's portion of the recovery. Nonetheless, under current tax law, a plaintiff in certain jurisdictions must pay federal income taxes on the attorney's share of the judgment or settlement.' Because the attorney has a strong contractual right tantamount to an ownership interest in the settlement or judgment,2 and, alternatively, because the plaintiff has no effective means to gain dominion over the entire recovery, this Comment argues that courts should permit plaintiffs to exclude contingent attorneys' fees from their gross income for tax purposes. Currently, courts disagree on whether to permit exclusion. Some courts have disallowed exclusion because of the anticipatory assignment of income doctrine. According to this doctrine, a taxpayer cannot avoid taxation by assigning his income to another. The assignment of income doctrine, however, evolved from a set of cases that can


This paper reports on the fabrication and characterization of graded pulse-doped channel AlGaAs/InGaAs/ GaAs heterojunction field-effect transistors (HFET's). Triple pulse-doped sheets, δ(n1)=1.2×1012, δ(n2)=4×1011, δ(n3)=1×1011 cm-2 from buffer to gate is used as an active channel. Typical drain-to-source and gate-to-drain breakdown voltages are larger than 25 V. The further enhancement in breakdown voltage is using the following methodology: 1) a strained AlGaAs insulator, 2) an InGaAs quantum-well like channel, and 3) less impurity scattering in the graded pulse-doped channel. The maximum transconductance is 160 mS/mm with an available current density of 250 mA/mm. Further increasing the δ(n1) to 4×1012 cm-2, the maximum transconductance is 165 mS/mm. The available current density is increased to 480 mA/mm. Moreover, their transconductance vs. gate voltage profiles display broad plateaus. The fabricated devices exhibit a small output conductance of 0.3 mS/mm. The evaluated open-drain voltage gain is as high as 500. These results have better performances than those of i-AlGaAs/n+-InGaAs HFET's fabricated by our system.


Abstract
Background: This systematic review with meta-analyses sought to answer whether casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) provided a remineralizing benefit superior to that of nonintervention or placebo.
Methods: The Cochrane databases, PubMed, EmBase, and Ovid up to May, 2019, were scanned, with no restrictions. Study information extraction and methodological quality assessments were accomplished independently by two reviewers. The "Criteria for judging risk of bias in the 'Risk of bias' assessment tool" was used for methodological quality assessment. The continuous data was analyzed by mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Review Manager 5.3 was used for statistical analysis. Outcome variables include quantitative light-induced fluorescence in vivo, average surface roughness and surface microhardness in vitro.
Results: There were significant differences in the quantitative light-induced fluorescence (SMD = −0.43, 95% CI: [−0.79, −0.07], P = 0.02), average surface roughness (SMD = −8.21, 95% CI: [−10.37, −6.04], P < 0.01), Vickers microhardness (SMD = 1.19, 95% CI: [0.72, 1.66], P < 0.01), and Knoop microhardness (SMD = 3.52, 95% CI: [2.68, 4.36], P < 0.01) between the CPP-ACP and control groups or baseline.
Conclusion: Within the limitations of this meta-analysis, CPP-ACP exhibited excellent remineralization effects evaluated in vivo and in vitro, indicating outstanding restoration of form, aesthetics, and function in treating white spot lesions.


We put forward two efficient entanglement concentration protocols (ECPs) for arbitrary less-entangled NOON state. Both ECPs only require one pair of less-entangled NOON state and an auxiliary photon. In the first ECP, the auxiliary photon is shared by two parties, while in the second ECP, the auxiliary photon is only possessed by one party, which can increase the practical success probability by avoiding the transmission loss and simplify the operations. Moreover, both ECPs can be used repeatedly to get a high success probability. Based on the above features, our two ECPs, especially the second one, may be useful in the quantum information processing.


drumCircle[] (2015) is an autonomous percussion and light instrument composed of an ensemble of eight connected den-den drums mounted to LED spotlights that create a temporal and spatial network of interactions between these machines and the viewer. Arranged in a circle pointing inward toward the center of the installation, these modules project light and sound patterns bidirectionally, creating an immersive and ritualistic technological experience that brings to light connections between technology, corporeality, and time.


The role played by attachment of child to parent towards enhancing positive relations among pre-schoolers cannot be over-looked since children who display aggressive behaviors often experience a disruption in the of attachment with their primary caregivers. The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between secure attachment and relational aggression among pre-schoolers. The study was based on Attachment theory by Bowlby (1973) and Ainsworth (1969) supported by Aggression theory by Bandura (1969). The study adopted Concurrent Triangulation Research Design within the mixed methods approach. The target population comprised of 131 preschool teachers, 923 parents, 1,159 Learners and 1 education officer in Nyakach Sub-County. A sample size of 40 pre-school teachers, 277 parents, 348 pre-schoolers and 1 Sub-county Coordinator of ECDE was obtained using a combination of simple random sampling, cluster random sampling and purposive sampling techniques respectively. Parent-child attachment and Relational Aggression questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data from parents while interview schedules were used to obtain qualitative data from teachers. The questionnaires were translated into Luo language with the help of experts. In addition, observation checklist was also used to obtain data. The research supervisors at Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology evaluated the instruments to ascertain their content, construct and face validities. The reliability was ensured using cronbach alpha technique and a reliability coefficient of α =0.77 was reported. Trustworthiness of qualitative data was also ensured. Quantitative data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation and linear regression while qualitative data was analyzed by thematic analysis. The study findings showed a significant (n=236; r = -.679; p < 0.05) moderate negative correlation between secure attachment and relational aggression among pre-schoolers. The study recommends that the County Government should consider organizing programs aimed at sensitizing parents and care-givers on the importance of parent roles and attachment. It also recommends that Kenya Institute for Curriculum Development to include best attachment type in the curriculum content of pre-service teachers training.


The problem in Authentic assessment to date is that there has not been found a learning design for online assessment. This study focuses more on exploring the obstacles faced by elementary school teachers in implementing authentic assessment and providing alternative solutions to maximize implementation in schools. The research method uses qualitative research with an ethnographic design. This research was conducted from January to July 2020 with interviews to find out the teacher's obstacles in implementing authentic assessment in the 2013 curriculum. Qualitative data analysis consisted of three activities that occurred simultaneously, namely: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results show that the implementation of authentic assessment in schools has not been going well. Teachers find it difficult to enter students' final grades into their report cards, the lack of students' ability to understand questions, and obstacles in implementing the skills domain, which takes a lot of funds so that sometimes it doesn't go well.


Background: In postmortem studies, exposure to high maternal cholesterol levels during prenatal life is related to increased fatty streak formation in the fetal aorta. However, it is unknown whethe...


This Year 2 Final Report focuses on infrastructure utilization in the study of intelligent transportation system (ITS) information for congestion avoidance in intermodal transportation systems. In this report, intermodal freight refers to the shipment of freight involving more than one mode of transportation (road, rail, air, and sea) during a single, seamless journey. In Section A the authors propose a modeling and solution framework for the dynamic air cargo routing on air networks subject to stochastic flight departure delays. After developing a stylized experimental setup, they illustrate the effect of various network factors on the dynamic routing efficiency. In addition, they present a case study using the real data for a dynamic air cargo routing originating from the Cleveland Hopkins International Airport (CLE) and destined to the Seattle-Tacoma International Airport (SEA). In section B, the authors extend their approach in Section A to the integrated dynamic routing on the air-road intermodal network. In addition to routing on the air network, they also make alternative access airport selection and dynamic routing decisions on the road network. They illustrate the approach via a case study for a cargo originating from the regions of southeast Michigan and northern Ohio. They consider three main commercial airports in this region: Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport (DTW), Toledo Express Airport (TOL) and Cleveland-Hopkins International Airport (CLE). They determine an alternative access airport for the cargo under various scenarios. In section C, the authors consider the operational response model of an automotive manufacturer faced with a delay in shipments of a component. They consider the case where the manufacturer allocates scarce component inventory among different product lines such that the impact of shipment delay is minimized. They illustrate the modeling and solution methods in a stylized example from a major OEM.


The major rationale for the inclusion of any factor as a criterion for student admission to a programme of professional education is that the factor should relate in an obvious and empirical way to the professional performance that is the objective of the educational programme. Prerequisite to this is the assumption that the factor, as measured, will be relatively stable in individuals in the interval 'application-professional activity'. The testing of this assumption with respect to 'personality' as measured by a standardized paper and pencil personality assessment instrument was the objective of this study. A fundamental tenet of psychological trait theory asserts that there is relatively little likelihood of radically altering the personality structure of medical students during their training. This assumption is implicit in all research exploring the validity of cognitive and noncognitive variables as admissions criteria. It is basic to the reasoning used by admissions officers in the search for non-cognitive characteristics in applicants that will assure successful professional performances 5 to 8 years hence. A less rigid point of view suggests that though certain human psychological characteristics exhibit some degree of longitudinal stability, environmental factors can and do, in fact, modify these characteristics. This position implies that rationally designed educational environments may modify these characteristics in a desirable way. A study by hard (1962) of university undergraduates attacked this question directly.


A new type of microwave frequency modulator based on magnetostatic wave (MSW) propagation in a nonstationary magnetised garnet film providing any smooth modulation law is proposed and investigated. The formation of linear frequency modulated (LFM) pulses with 1.2 GHz carrier frequency, 4 mu s duration and 10 MHz frequency deviation has been demonstrated. >


While scientific logic indicates that retreat is the reasonable approach to address the impacts of climate change on coastal assets under threat the socio-political logic is often to defend those assets in place. Defence works can consist of conventional rigid seawalls, flexible armoured revetments or artificial dunes and nourishment. Experience has shown that conventional seawalls are not readily adaptable and are prone to catastrophic failure so are not an adaptable option. Artificial dune defence works are only practical where there is sufficient space and an adequate on-going availability of sand. Revetments however are generally flexible structures and therefore more readily adaptable. In recent times concrete armour units have tended to replaced rock armour, particularly where the required rock size is not available. The evolution of concrete unit shapes for revetment armour has led to increasingly sophisticated designs, with more "efficient" performance. However studies have shown that revetments featuring the more sophisticated armour units are less adaptable than revetments armoured with the more basic armour shapes and/or rock armour. Hence the contradiction that the less "efficient" traditional revetment armour of rocks or unsophisticated concrete unit shapes produces a more adaptable and flexible structure than one featuring sophisticated units.


Twelve novel peptides (Pxt‐1 to Pxt‐12) were isolated from the skin of Xenopus tropicalis, diploid frogs, using topological MS analysis. Among them, Pxt‐8, Pxt‐9, and Pxt‐10 were the N terminus of Pxt‐1, N terminus of Pxt‐3 and C terminus of Pxt‐11, respectively. The Pxt‐3 and Pxt‐11 peptides shared significant sequence homologies with magainins 1, ‐2 and levitide, respectively, which all isolated from X. laevis. Pxt‐12 was identical to the X. tropicalis XT‐6‐like precursor previously isolated by ESI‐MS/MS. None of the Pxt peptides contained any Cys, Asp, Tyr or Trp, although Leu and Lys were frequently found as typical frog‐skin peptides. RT‐PCR analysis confirmed the gene expressions of Pxt‐2, Pxt‐3, Pxt‐4, Pxt‐5, Pxt‐7 and Pxt‐11 in X. tropicalis skin. Several ion peaks corresponding to all identified Pxt peptides were observed with MALDI‐MS analysis of X. tropicalis secretory fluids, collected after in vivo stimulation, which suggested that Pxt peptides were definitely secretory molecules. CD studies and Schiffer–Edmundson helical wheel projections suggested that Pxt‐5, as well as mastoparan, at least, could form a typical amphiphilic α helix without a phospholipid or a membrane‐mimetic solvent (trifluoroethanol). Moreover, Pxt‐2 and Pxt‐5 showed growth inhibitory effects on both Escherichia coli (Gram‐negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram‐positive). Measurements of dynamic light scattering and the surface tensions of Pxt peptides solutions suggested that both Pxt‐2 and Pxt‐5 could form associations as micelles and behave like a general surfactant. Moreover, the remarkable foaming properties of Pxt‐2 and Pxt‐5 were observed, as well as those of the secretory fluids of X. tropicalis.


This paper presents a novel architecture for recursive context-aware lexical simplification, REC-LS, that is capable of (1) making use of the wider context when detecting the words in need of simplification and suggesting alternatives, and (2) taking previous simplification steps into account. We show that our system outputs lexical simplifications that are grammatically correct and semantically appropriate, and outperforms the current state-of-the-art systems in lexical simplification.


The Grand Valley State University Annis Water Resources Institute (AWRI) operates a unique outreach program onboard its research and education vessels that provides STEM experiences for K-12 students. Since 1986, over 144,000 students and others have experienced Lake Michigan and adjoining waters through AWRI's Water Resources Outreach Education Program. Offered aboard two research and education vessels, the program mainly serves school groups. Trips can be customized for all ages from fourth grade through adults. Onboard the vessel, students conduct hands-on water quality testing for a variety of parameters. Data from individual trips is aggregated with data collected by other groups and it is available for classroom use. Since 1996, the AWRI has hosted middle school students from a local school district that has 47.1% minority population. The majority of these students have never been out on the water on a boat until this trip. As "scientists" during their trip, they are able to have an authentic STEM experience that helps to spark their interest in STEM fields.


The aim of this study is to analyze how the formation process of the free man takes place and its relationship with virtues, social and political life in the Aristotelian thought. The text is divided into two parts; in the fi rst part, a historical analysis of the Greek education is presented. In the second part, the relationship between ethics and education and between education and politics is analyzed. It was observed that in Aristotelian thought education is seen from a political point of view being an important instrument for the State to guarantee the formation of the new leaders of the polis.


This paper presents a set of analytic expressions to obtain the electric variables in the steady state operational point of type-III and type-IV wind generators, based on the simplification of their time domain models. This approach is an attractive alternative over traditional electromagnetic transients (EMT) simulation and numerical iterative methods as it requires no computational resources and little modeling detail. This work was motivated from the necessity of such operational point to calculate detailed impedance vs. frequency profiles of the generators for wind park resonance assessment, when including the effects of their phase-locked loops, DC bus couplings, and outer control loops for power and voltage regulation. From this work, it was possible to derive didactic circuit equivalents of the wind generators which can be used to: observe the behavior of inner variables of the generator such as magnetic fluxes and currents for several setpoints and wind conditions; study the power losses of the generators; calculate the capacity of power electronics converters of type-III generators; and even set protections and saturation limits of generator controllers. Detailed EMT simulations were used to validate the expressions.


This research combines computer and network technology,automatic control and detect technology,and information process technology. The system is taking OPC technology to realize the communication between field-equipment and upper-computer software,to accomplish the collection of real-time data, using ODBC to realize the melting between realtime data and network data;Adopting ASP to realize the communication between monitoring system and Web server,to manipulate the experiment sub-system in distance.


Numerous studies have established firmly that particle image velocimetry (PIV) is a robust method for non-invasive, quantitative measurements of fluid velocity, and that when carefully conducted, typical measurements can accurately detect displacements in digital images with a resolution well below a single pixel (in some cases well below a hundredth of a pixel). However, to date, these estimates have only been able to provide guidance on the expected error for an average measurement under specific image quality and flow conditions. This paper demonstrates a new method for estimating the uncertainty bounds to within a given confidence interval for a specific, individual measurement. Here, cross-correlation peak ratio, the ratio of primary to secondary peak height, is shown to correlate strongly with the range of observed error values for a given measurement, regardless of flow condition or image quality. This relationship is significantly stronger for phase-only generalized cross-correlation PIV processing, while the standard correlation approach showed weaker performance. Using an analytical model of the relationship derived from synthetic data sets, the uncertainty bounds at a 95% confidence interval are then computed for several artificial and experimental flow fields, and the resulting errors are shown to match closely to the predicted uncertainties. While this method stops short of being able to predict the true error for a given measurement, knowledge of the uncertainty level for a PIV experiment should provide great benefits when applying the results of PIV analysis to engineering design studies and computational fluid dynamics validation efforts. Moreover, this approach is exceptionally simple to implement and requires negligible additional computational cost.


Objective 18F‐Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is a metabolic activity marker with limited use for skeletal lesions. Sodium18F‐flouride (NaF) is a bone imaging agent that complements the FDG limitations for skeletal lesions. The kinetic analysis of combined NaF/FDG PET scan promises concurrent determination of both tumor metabolism and vasculature parameters as well as successful separation of each tracer uptake. The aim of this work is to optimize the combined NaF/FDG PET scanning protocol in order to maximize accuracy in kinetic model estimation of the tumor's parameters. Materials and Methods Simulations assessed the feasibility and accuracy of kinetic analysis of combined NaF/FDG PETimages. Tissue time activity curves (tTAC) were generated with randomized parameters and PET voxel‐wise noise level. Various time delays between NaF and FDG injection times were simulated while keeping the total scan duration at 60 minutes. Parameters were estimated with two simplified versions of the model used for tTAC's generation. Estimated parameters were compared against the simulated parameters. The optimized sequence was tested on canine NaF/FDG PET data.Results Parameter estimation accuracy was maximized if the NaF was injected first followed by the FDG injection of at least 40 minutes later. The estimation accuracy for k1 parameters ranged from 15% to 20% for FDG and 25% to 30% for NaF. Ki estimation accuracy ranged from 40% to 55% for FDG and 10% to 25% for NaF. Vasculature fraction estimation accuracy ranged from 20% to 40%. Results of clinical data kinetic analysis shows that both k1 parameters are highly correlated which implies that it might be common for both radiopharmaceuticals in our model._Conclusions This study has shown that kinetic analysis of combined NaF/FDG PETimages is feasible using an optimized injection and scanning protocol. For the given cases we found the optimal scanning protocol and quantified parameter estimation accuracy.


son in the sixtieth congress. The bill will be reintroduced at the coming regular session. It aims to promote educational interests throughout the United States by adding a secretary of education to the cabinet whose duty it would be to " collect, classify, and disseminate information and advice on all phases of education and to promote, foster, and develop advancement and improvement in the common school system throughout the United States." The bill also provides for an assistant secretary of education and for such clerical assistants as may from time to time be authorized bj congress. Further provision is made for transferring the work of the bureau of education from the department of the interior to the proposed department of education.


Tacit knowledge is the foundation of enterprise core competitive edge.Based on analyzing the obstruction of tacit knowledge transform,this paper discusses the factor of affecting tacit knowledge transform and uses Interpretative Structural Modeling(ISM) to analyze the relation of factor.Finally,this paper probes into the application of ISM.


This paper proposes a framework for easily integrating and controlling information visualization (infoVis) components within web pages to create powerful interactive "live" documents, or LiveDocs. The framework includes a set of infoVis components which can be placed and linked within a standard HTML document, initialized to focus on key analysis results, and directly manipulated by readers to explore and analyze data further. In addition, authors can script the manipulation of views at the user interaction level (e.g., to set view options, select items within a view, or animate a view). We illustrate our approach with a sample analysis of a real-life data set.


In the aftermath of Vietnam and Watergate, analysts of American foreign policy have had to undertake their own agonizing reappraisals, first of the role of "imperial America" within the balance of power abroad and second, and more fundamentally, of the role of "the imperial presidency" within the separation of powers at home. The first of these questions is the topic of America as an Ordinary Country, a book of essays edited by Richard Rosecrance. In his introduction, Rosecrance argues that America has become "an 'ordinary' or 'average' nation in that she cannot be expected to take on special responsibilities for world peace keeping, to use her military forces where others do not wish to become involved, to support the world economy and sustain an international financial structure organized around the dollar. Her role as maintainer of the system is at an end" (p. 11). Rosecrance's own essays in the volume are perceptive, subtle, and judicious developments of this theme. They include insightful historical comparisons between America in the midtwentieth century and Britain and Germany in the late nineteenth century. And they conclude with the prescription that, given the relative decline in American military and economic power and the increase in the number of other powerful actors, the U.S. should assume the role of balancer in the international system and should develop the skills of diplomacy in its foreign policy. Rosecrance's prescriptions for U.S. policies in the future have much in common, it seems, with Kissinger's justifications for his own policies in the past.


A map of New York City shows that Bayside is about seven miles east of Central Park in the northeast part of Queens, bordered by Little Neck Bay on the east. Central Park is in lower Manhattan, bordered by the Hudson River on the west and the East River on the east. Because Central Park and Bayside are so close together, at the same elevation (very close to sea level), and close to large bodies of water, I would not expect significant differences in longterm precipitation averages. I suspect that the difference in snowfall totals is related more to methods of measuring snow than to geographical or climatological differences. Measuring snow depths during and after a storm is complicated business. Central Park snowfall is measured by the New York City office of the NWS. The NWS practice is to measure snowfall every six hours during a storm, preferably at 6:00 a.m., noon, 6:00 p.m., and midnight, but never more than four times in 24 hours. Snowfall should be measured in a flat, open, grassy area, away from trees and buildings to lessen the effects of drifting or scouring by the wind. Six-hour measurements should be taken on a snow board, for example, a two-foot square piece of plywood painted white. After each measurement, the snow board should be swept clean and placed at a level even with the snow surface. If the snow is fluffy and the snowboard sinks into the snow, the next measurement may contain a mixture of snow that fell in the past six hours as well as snow that drifted into the depression created by the sunken board. The figure shows a snow board being placed on the surface of existing snow. The blue border and the corner flag make the board easier to find if more snow buries it. The accumulations on the snow board at each of the four measurement times are added to get the 24-hour total snowfall. Note that snow depth on the ground is not the same as snowfall. The reason is that snow settles after it falls because the weight of new snow slowly compresses the layer of snow already on the ground. Moreover, warm ground can melt snow from below, and, if the air temperature is above freezing, some snow melts after it reaches the ground. If snow starts and stops in between the six-hour measurement intervals, the maximum accumulation during the six hours becomes the snowfall reported for that interval. This is important because sometimes new-fallen snow melts before the end of the six-hour period. Why all the recommendations? Mainly to promote standardization and uniformity of measurement. For example, why measure at six-hour intervals? If you measure and sweep every hour, you will record more snow than someone who measures and sweeps only once every six hours because of the compression and melting effects noted above. Measurements are most reliable in flat, open areas. Trees and buildings intercept snow that might oth-


Now a day's credit card have become one of the major way for conductingcashless  transaction. Consumer`s spending on card has double over last decade, as people increasingly use plastic to pay for every day goods. This study intended to find out the consumer spending via credit card. This study shows consumer knowledge, experience of using credit card in online and offline, factors influencing to use credit cards.


The content of democracy is determined not only by the presence of democratic institutes (parliament, the government, etc.). Such institutes can act as no-democratic forces, hence, the absence of content in democracy is not abolished yet by the simple inclusion of parliamentarism, constitutionalism and liberalism into its representative form. Criticism and the analysis of democracy should be premised to the apologia of democratic values the idea of which was widely developed in the 20th century by the largest German lawyer and political scientist C. Schmitt.


• A Learning Design Portal • Learning Design as Learning Objects • A Case Study: Producing and Reusing Patterns and Learning Designs ◦ Description of the Reusability Process ◦ Analysis of the process • An Ontology for Learning Design Objects ◦ Main Ontology Model ◦ LD Format Relationships ◦ Reusability Categories ◦ Aggregation Level and Delivery Model ◦ Pedagogical Strategies ◦ Learner Evaluation Model ◦ Using the LD Objects Ontology The deployment processes of a new technology or a methodology like Instructional Engineering is crucial if we want R&D results and products to reach end users with innovative products and services that produce quality and growth. These preoccupations are at the origin of the IDLD project that provides the main thread of this chapter. This project is based previous projects in the same area: R2R (Paquette, Marino, De la Teja, Lundgren-Cayrol, Léonard & Contamines, 2005) and edusource (McGreal, Anderson, Babin, Downes, Friesen, Harrigan, Hatala, M., MacLeod, Mattson, Paquette, Richards, Roberts & Schafer, 2004). In the first section we present the IDLD portal (Figure 1) that contains a repository of learning design models and examples. Such a repository groups narratives (lesson plans), MOT+LD modDOI: 10.4018/978-1-61520-839-5.ch018


New high-temperature semiconductors that were being studied in the universities ten years ago are now becoming a commercial reality. SiC (Silicon-Carbide) micro-machine (MEM) pressure sensors are already commercial. This technology can easily operate up to 500°C (752°F). Another high-temperature semiconductor process called Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) has been used to build microprocessor data acquisition systems. These systems can operate up to 300°C within a logging tool WITHOUT any heat shielding. Already, high-temperature electronic sensor systems can continuously monitor deep within a geothermal well at up to 225°C. Future systems will operate hotter and last longer. This paper looks at the future of geothermal logging, drilling and reservoir monitoring equipment. Future control systems could actually guide drilling and control production while never leaving the well. Examples of how aerospace requirements are driving the development of new high-temperature electronics and sensors are given.


The results of two-dimensional inversion of magnetoteluric data, focused along the DSS profile Novoazovsk—Titovka have been presented. On the territory of Donbas two objects have been distinguished with low resistance (causing Donbass conductivity anomaly) which occur: in the southern part in sedimentary rocks (at a depth of 1—10 km), in the central part (at a depth of 1—18 km) in sedimentary rocks and penetrating into consolidated crust. Total cumulative integral conductivity of the objects is about 3×10 8 S×m. The most reliably the objects spatially correlate with the coal-bearing rocks of the Carboniferous.


Honey is produced by bees (Apis mellifera) from flower nectar and insect secretions. Like other bee products it is used as an adjuvant for treatment of many diseases. It also finds its uses for producing cosmetics. The main components of honey include carbohydrates, which represent approximately 80% of the dry matter, and water. Monosaccharides, mainly fructose and glucose, constitute approximately 70% of the sugars, whilst the remaining saccharides are disaccharides and oligosaccharides. Moreover, honey consists vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, amino acids and enzymes. Beneficial effect of natural honey on human health has been known for a long time because of its biological and therapeutic properties. It is used to treat some cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases. Among the best-known properties of honey are its antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. Important is also its antioxidant activity, which could be useful for producing anti-aging cosmetics.


Aimed at the emergency condition under natural disaster and water pollution, this article expounds the emergency water supply system and respectively introduces the up to date development of research on the beforehand scheme of emergency water supply, the layout of emergency water sources, the emergency water supplying equipments and technologies. At last, this article gives a prospect on the developing orientation of emergency water supplying equipments and technologies.


The Lived Experiences of Counselors Working with Youth with Problem Sexual Behaviors by Beverly K. Crump MA, University of Dayton, 2009 BS, Ohio Christian University, 2006 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Counselor Education and Supervision


Abstract : This monograph examines the intelligence requirements of logistics planners at the operational level of war. Specifically, it analyzes what information is available to sustainment planners, the form of that information as it is used in the staff planning process, and the degree to which that intelligence satisfies the requirements of logistics planners. First, the theory and context of logistics and intelligence at the operational level of war are studied. These component parts are then synthesized into a working definition of the term 'operational level logistics intelligence'. Two historical case studies in which operational logistics and intelligence played important parts are analyzed next. These examples are Operation Overload, the Allied landing at Normandy, and Operation Chromite, the joint U.S./Korean landing at Inchon. Current Army and joint doctrine for the production of intelligence to support sustainment planning at the operational level are examined next. Specific emphasis is placed on the interface of joint and Army doctrine.


This paper presents two new approaches for optimum detection of edges and contours in a gray level image of a scene with a constant background. The first algorithm determines the optimum tolerance for edge tracking that maximizes the number of edge pixels in each object in the image, while the second algorithm utilizes an iterative thresholding scheme in conjunction with a golden-section optimization technique to determine the optimum threshold that maximizes the number of contours and the number of pixels in the contours.


The spiral vane is a basic component of spiral machine.As it has special space curved surface shape,therefore processing maufacture is difficult.Introduces some moulding ways of spiral vane,and analyzes the advantage and disadvantage of every moulding way so that the processing of the spiral vane provides reference.


The VHLab of CNR-ITABC is developing new research projects oriented to virtual archaeology and to the study and communication of cultural heritage through multi-user virtual reality applications (off and on line). The state of art in this field is still quite pioneering, because there are no multi-user domains (MuD) for sharing and exchanging cultural and scientific contents, in the field of virtual heritage. In effect, the use of virtual reality systems in the interpretation process in archaeology is not frequent and probably these potentialities have to be explored in detail. A FIRB project, "Integrated Technologies of robotics and virtual environment in archaeology", financed by the Italian Ministry of the University and Scientific Research, gives us the opportunity to experiment and realize a multi-user domain on the web aimed to a multidisciplinary scientific community: archaeologists, topographers, historians, experts in human and social sciences, communication experts. The capacity to load, share and interact with data in the same spatial virtual environment can increase the level of learning and scientific communication; in this way the information become hyper-real and contextualized. The project is still a work in progress, we expect to complete it in Autumn 2008. In the following paper we'll present the general scenario of the applications, its aims and methodologies, together with the first results. 1. AIMS AND TARGET OF THE PROJECT 1.


With the rapid development of civil engineering construction and continuous enlargement of the investment' s scale in Guangzhou, It becomes an urgent problem for the government to solve, to proceed efficiently price management according to the economical development and changes of the market. Here the author analyzed this problem through deeply researching and studying the situation of civil engineering's price management in Guangzhou, especially some ideas about the reform of civil engineering price management is suggested.


Although network theory has much to offer, the mathematical study of collective human behavior is older and richer [e.g., ([1][1]–[4][2])] than Albert-Laszlo Barabasi suggests in his Perspective "Network theory—the emergence of the creative enterprise" (29 Apr., p. [639][3]). Barabasi


Chlorpyrifos is a broad spectrum moderately toxic organophosphorous insecticide. It is widely used in agriculture for pest control and in households as a termicide. However, exposure to chlorpyrifos and its metabolites can affect the public health resulting from its long residual periods in soil and water. Thus, there is an essential need to develop sensitive method for the detection of chlorpyrifos in environmental samples. Emerging technologies like development of biosensor has gained enormous attention in this area. Apart from detection, worldwide efforts are going on to develop efficient and cost effective methods for its degradation. Chlorpyrifos previously shown to be immune to biodegradation has now been proved to undergo enhanced microbe mediated decay into less harmful and non-toxic metabolites. Now-a-days, research activity in this area has shown that a diverse range of microorganisms are responsible for chlorpyrifos degradation. This article therefore aims at giving an overview of the present status of research in analytical detection and biodegradation of chlorpyrifos.


Prof. Contractor is a well-known and respected scholar in the field of Management, Organizations and Engineering. His intuition, diligence and passion guided his academic career and allowed him to emerge as a researcher, professor, director and supervisor with outstanding achievements. His current position is Jane S. & William J. White Professor of Behavioral Sciences, Departments of Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences, Communication Studies, and Management, Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University and devotes his expertise and knowledge to guide and support PhD students during their initial research career.


Fiber-based reinforced plastics are widely used materials in different industries - e.g., Automotive, Aerospace, Defense- because of their various advantages. The most reliable raw materials for manufacturing fiber-based composites are pre-impregnated reinforcing fiber (prepreg). However, the limitation of using prepreg lies in its instability at room temperature. Prepregs have a specific out-life which sometimes makes the manufacturing process difficult. The objective of this study is to find out a way to investigate the room temperature aging effect on prepreg by analyzing the enthalpy and dielectric properties. In this study, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to measure the reaction enthalpy in the aged prepreg. The dielectric property of aged prepreg has also been analyzed using broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BbDS). We observed a significant effect on the enthalpy and dielectric properties of the aged prepreg. Furthermore, this study concentrates on how the aging of prepreg can affect the mechanical properties of the final composite parts. This study shows that the manufactured composite from aged prepreg shows inconsistency and a slight reduction in its tensile strength. Finally, a manufacturing strategy is suggested that will minimize the inconsistency of the strength of the final composite part manufactured from aged prepreg.


Objective: To determine the frequency of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) among the patient with headache presenting from high altitude (HA).Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from 24th Apr 2018 to 24th Jan 2019.
Methodology: The sample population comprised of patients presenting with the headache, living at a height of 3000-8200 meter above sea level. CT-scan brain, MRI brain and MRV brain was performed on all the cases. Carotid Doppler, d-dimers, thrombophillic screen, autoimmune profile, EEG and other relevant investigations were performed of all the cases diagnosed with CVST. Age, altitude, total time spent at HA and acclimatizationwere correlated with the presence of CVST among the patients of headache at HA.
Results: Out of 60 patients reporting with headache from HA, 9 had presence of CVST on the relevant neuroimaging. Among these cases of CVST 2 had secondary polycythemia, 1 had protein C deficiency and 1 had protein S deficiency. Poor acclimatization had a significant relationship with the presence of CVST when logistic regression was applied.
Conclusion: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis should be considered a possibility while evaluating the causes of headache among the patients reporting from high altitude. Special attention should be given on acclimatization process for the people who are ascending to high altitude.


The regeneration of injured axons in the adult central nervous system (CNS) is limited by a number of obstacles, including the loss of growth factors that promote neuron survival, expression of nerve growth inhibitors, activation of programmed cell death pathways, and physical obstruction caused by scar formation at the site of injury. Evidence from several animal models of CNS injury suggests it is possible to improve neuronal survival and support axon regeneration. Direct application of nerve growth factors to the site of injury, either by gelfoam, osmotic pump, or transplantation of genetically modified cells, has been shown to increase the number of neurons that survive axoto-my and that can regenerate axons into or through the lesion site. Inhibitors of growth-suppressing or cell death pathways also enhance neuron survival. Combination treatments may be required to produce clinically meaningful improvements in patients with severe CNS injury. A lthough neurons of the adult central nervous system (CNS) are known for their inability to repair themselves following injury, it has long been recognized that these cells possess limited regenerative capacity. 1 Three distinct types of axonal sprouting have been described as a result of axonal injury in the CNS. Axon transection is followed by a very short and abortive period of regenerative sprouting, during which the severed axons extend briefly then retract. Compensatory sprouting occurs when the transected axon also emits collateral sprouts to targets proximal to the injury. Collateral sprouting is the growth by undamaged neurons. When an axon is tran-sected, neighboring undamaged axons can extend sprouts to occupy the synaptic space formerly occupied by the transected axon. These observations suggest neurons can initiate regen-erative growth following CNS injury but that obstacles prevent significant elongation. Adult neurons may fail to express growth-promoting genes that are normally active during CNS development. Axonal injury triggers programmed cell death (apoptosis) pathways that result in neuronal death. The formation of a cyst or scar at the injury site may act as a physical barrier preventing axon regrowth, and scar-forming cells may also secrete substances that suppress axon regeneration. Other target-derived chemical mediators that normally support neuronal survival may become unavailable to the neuron after axonal transection. Inflammation at the site of injury may cause the release of other chemical mediators that suppress axon growth. Although there are many obstacles to neuronal survival or regeneration following CNS injury, solutions have been devised to overcome many of them. Considerable …


One of the most problematic aspects of modeling karst hydrology is the "system identification", which is the conceptual structure of flow within a karstic system. In this study we simulate the conceptual flow system of two large karstic springs, which originate in the karstic region of the Hermon Mountain (Northern Israel). These springs contribute 300 million m annually, nearly ∼70% of the flow to the Upper Catchment of the Jordan River. Our findings are supported by daily measurements of spring discharge and weekly measurements of geochemical components over 35 years.


The Guangdong Shengfang Chemical Corporation has developed a hexavalent chromium elimination agent(referred CR63),which can effetely prevent the emerging of hexavalent chromium in leather.In order to provide technical information and support for the commercial use of CR63 in leather,in this study the application conditions of the CR63 were optimized.The results show that CR63 was able to control the amount of hexavalent chromium of leather.The increase of the amount of CR63,the reduce of pH value,the decrease of temperature would lower the content of hexavalent chromium in the leather;The optimum operation conditions for the CR63 as following: CR63 dosage 1.5%,pH value 3.0,operating temperature 30 ℃;Under The optimum conditions,the hexavalent chromium of leather could be completely removed by the CR63,and no hexavalent chromium would be also detected even the leathers were treated by aging for 72 h.


The scale of game development are rapidly increasing as the blockbuster games which cost billion won, often appear on the markets. The game mechanics which is concentrated on technological elements of the game, necessarily requires the management of quality. In this paper, we propose a computer simulator for the quality evaluation of game mechanics which can analyze the quality accurately and economically in the design phase. The proposed simulator provides Petri net[7,8] and Smalltalk[9] for convenient modeling. The simulator gives the realistic evaluation like play test because it uses the realistic data of gameplay environment such as player action-pattern, game world map, and item DB but the previous evaluation methods can not consider the realistic gameplay environment and can only cover a limited scope of evaluation. To prove good performance of the proposed simulator, we have 80 simulations for the quality evaluation of the game mechanics of Dungeon & Dragon[13,14] in a given world map. The simulation results show that the proposed simulator can evaluate the faultlessness, optimization, and play balance of the game mechanics and gives better good performance than other evaluation methods.


This article examines the relationship between nationalistic mobilisations, hidden funds and undisclosed campaign contributions, commonly known as dark money. Contextualising Brexit alongside the Icelandic economic crash of 2008 shows how nationalist mobilisation and racism can secure economic and political interests for a small minority and thus create space for what Zygmunt Bauman has called 'evasion' or 'slippage' as a primary technique of power in the present. Both the build-up to Brexit and the Icelandic economic crash were characterised by a strong national-centred rhetoric of 'us-the-nation' versus 'others' that diverted attention from massive minority interests, which had access to hidden funds. The Panama Papers showed that many of the same people celebrated in Iceland as the embodied representation of the country were simultaneously moving money into tax havens. Exposés have also revealed the way that dark money secretly funded campaigns using anti-migrant racism to facilitate the Brexiteers' longer-term interests.


This study examines the influence of ownership structure mechanisms as a determinant of corporate governance quality on a firm's risks. Eight variables were used as proxies for the ownership structure practices. Our sample includes most non-financial firms listed on the Egyptian Exchange in 2014–2018. The least absolute value estimator was used to examine the influence of ownership structure mechanisms. Our findings reveal a significant positive impact of ownership concentration on a firm's unsystematic risk, but a negative effect on its systematic risk. Institutional ownership and a firm's total risk have a significant negative relationship. Managerial ownership is positively associated with systematic risk. Firm size as a control variable has a significant negative impact on unsystematic risk and total risk. Return on assets adversely influences systematic risk and total risk. Our findings may help managers and practitioners to understand and modify ownership structure mechanisms to better control a firm's risks.


The insertion of stochastic renewable energies in distribution grids generates important voltage fluctuations and reactive power exchange between distribution grids and transmission grids. These variations need to comply with European grid codes. The control strategy involves the actuation of the On Load Tap Changer and Capacitor Banks tap position, and the reactive powers of the DGs. This paper focuses on the stochastic estimation of the powers at the interface and the influence of the Capacitor Bank tap position. The main results are that, using a simplified stochastic model of the grid, one can obtain the distribution of the powers, and select, on a daily basis, the tap position which minimizes the level of the prescribed PQ diagram violation risk. This study paves the way for a volt-var stochastic optimization of the distribution grid.


A has a compact structure, dents and dimples deep since location and anchoring element is also fixing element in leprosy places without reach the like are characterized by a possible set, a device for setting the fixing element I will provide a. To also allow the set to A fixing element (1) deeply since location and receive hard point, the device for setting a fixed element (1), before feeding the shaft rod (14) forward feed via linkage mechanism (16) is moved to the extruded set position. .FIELD 1


Conventional metal-plate antennas have been widely applied in the laptop computer as internal antennas for the dual-band or multiband mobile communications. For wireless wide area network (WWAN) and LTE communications, antennas are often required to cover several or all operating bands for the LTE700, GSM850, GSM900, DCS1800, PCS 1900, UMTS, LTE2300 and LTE2500 systems. Therefore, multiband antennas for wireless terminals and small size are emerging in the laptop computer industry. Many studies and works have been conducted to obtain single feed antennas supporting multiband operation, such as metal-plate antenna [1] parasitic branches [2] or coupled-fed [3].


59 At the start of the twenty-first century, globalization represents a challenge to the integration of the temporal and spatial durability of what it means to be human and social in the modern age. At the same time, as a result, the basic institutions of nation-state sovereignty (like national memory) move into the foreground and with them the question of whether the developments of the past decade constitute an epochal break within modernity. History and borders may no longer be the only form of social and symbolic integration. This begs the question: do territorial, geographical, and political distinction, such as Western or Eastern Europe, or even "The West" or "The East," make any sense in our day and age? And, crucially, what does this mean for the study of memory? In the age of globalization, cultural and political self-images can be reduced neither conceptually nor empirically to a territorially fixed space and viewpoint. That does not mean, however, that there can be no overarching horizon. Nor, naturally, does it mean that from now on politics will be defined exclusively in terms of transnational or cosmopolitan principles like the human rights regime. 1 Rather, it is a matter of recognizing that this human rights regime and the accompanying cosmopolitan initiatives and failures since the 1990s have become an integral part of national and international politics. Jay Winter, in his contribution to this volume, has shown how the politics of memory has changed the way many people think about war in recent decades. The national or ethnic memory of human rights violations, the nation-state consolidation of a human rights regime and its legal imperative may overshadow the old national self-image, but simultaneously opens it up to the cosmopolitan constellation.


Studies on resource potential of unconventional reservoirs are drawing the attention of scientific community since the last couple of decades. Because of low permeability of shale, the production demands hydraulic fracturing in shale layers. Brittleness index gives an idea on the toughness of shale layers and helps in setting the parameters for hydraulic fracturing. Elastic properties such as Young's modulus are important parameters for building geo-mechanical models for rock strata which are essential for several applications related to mechanical rock failure during well drilling, completion and stimulation. The physical and geochemical properties of Gondwana shale samples from Eastern India were analysed for mineralogy, pore types and dynamic elastic properties using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scan electron microscopy (SEM) and ultrasonic velocity measurements respectively. The measured Pand S-wave velocities and the estimated elastic parameters of Gondwana shale samples show an increase in magnitude with depth indicating the effect of hardness and compaction. The effect of hardness on velocity and elastic parameter is also supported by the increase in quartz percentage in shale with depth. An empirical relationship between Pand S-wave velocity is proposed for Gondwana shale. The XRD experiments reveal the dominance of clay minerals over non-clay minerals in the samples lower the shear strength of SouthKaranpura field, at shallow depth, supported by measured elastic properties. The presence of flaky clay texture/topography and abundant micro (>0.75 μm) and nano (<0.75 μm) pores of various shapes in the samples with organic matter in the SEM images suggests that formations are of high shale gas prospecting zones.


Setting: Sessions were conducted at the university preschool in individualized instructional cubicles within the general classroom. At the time of the sessions, all the other children and instructors were in the classroom, with only the target preschooler and the researcher in the instructional cubicle in the back of the classroom. Participants: Four male preschoolers (aged 3–5 years) were enrolled for 20 h per week in a self-contained intensive behavioral-intervention program for students with Autistic Spectrum Disorder on a university campus. The preschoolers were matched for age, gender, diagnoses of Autistic Spectrum Disorder, and the use of speech as their primary form of communication.


Acetolyzed exines of Juniperus communis extracted with hot 2-aminoethanol were prepared for electron microscopy. The strongly osmiophilic, homogeneous exine first becomes granular. With further extraction, granules are observed to surround unstained polygonal regions. The connections between granules are then broken leading to compound polygons, open polygons, and finally detached pieces. Orbicules and exine-1 are completely removed. The pattern of structural change is similar to that observed in Lilium longiflorum and in Fagus sylvatica.


Career counseling helps people with making choices connected with professional
work. It is therefore connected with the condition of the labour market and education
which prepares for professional activity. With the growing complexity and instability of
the labour market professional help with solving appearing problems becomes the necessity.
At every stage of life career counseling has a different nature and takes advantages
of various fields of knowledge. In Poland there are two trends in career counseling. One
of them is connected with the youth who study. The other is about adults, especially unemployed.
Realization of life long career counseling should lean towards keeping the continuity
of counseling support for people during whole their life biographies. It should also
intervene on the situations which demand it but which are often difficult to predict.


Strained p-type In0.15Ga0.85As/Al0.33Ga0.67As quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) with different Be concentrations in their wells, which detect normal infrared incidence, were investigated. The QWIPs with a Be doping density of 1018 cm-3 in the wells show a cut-off wavelength of 7.9 μm and basically symmetric detectives of about 8 x 108 cm.Hz½/W at 600 Hz. By increasing the Be doping density in the wells to 2 x 1019 cm-3, the cut-off wavelength is blue-shifted to about 7.25 meV and the photoresponsivity and detectivity become asymmetric. The detectivity is increased to about 1.4 x 109 cm.Hz½/W at positive biases but significantly reduced at negative biases. The blue shift in the cut-off wavelength for the QWIP devices with heavy doping concentration in the wells is mainly due to the bandgap shrinkage and the increased well width while the asymmetric behavior in the photoresponsivity and detectivity is likely due to the inhomogenity resulting from dopant diffusion at high doping.


The invention relates to a system and a method for gradient dewatering drying of sludge. The system comprises a sludge storage tank, a machinery dewatering machine, a shaft-free spiral conveyer, a continuous aerobic fermentation apparatus, a hollow-blade dryer, a dried-sludge storage bin, a cooled working-medium storage tank, a blower, an induced draught fan and a deodorizing apparatus; sludge subjected to mechanical dewatering in the shaft-free spiral conveyer, an added dried auxiliary material, and dried sludge flowing back from the dried-sludge storage bin are mixed and enter the continuous aerobic fermentation apparatus together for first-step biological fermentation drying; and then sludge subjected to drying enters the hollow-blade dryer for second-step drying by a drying heat source. Compared with the prior art, by employing the system and the method, the drying effect on sludge is good, the drying period of sludge is shortened, the energy consumption is substantially reduced, and continuous large-scale production is realized.


Various uncertainties in calculations of inelastic cross section and energy loss are considered. It is shown that widely used kinematic neglects and approximations result in deviations in calculations of these values. The obtained corrections increase with lepton mass, therefore possible consequences for tau-lepton are discussed, too.


The concept of periodic deflating subspaces of regular periodic matrix pairs $\{(A_j, B_j)\}_{j=1}^K$ is a generalization of deflating subspaces of a regular matrix pair $(A,B)$. In this paper we derive perturbation bounds for each individual subspace of simple periodic deflating subspaces.


Ground vehicles are increasingly designed to incorporate autonomous control for better performance, control and efficiency. Such control is particularly critical for military logistics vehicles where drivers are carrying sensitive loads through potentially threatening routes. It is imperative therefore to evaluate what role does autonomy play to help safety, and whether drivers trust autonomous control. In this paper we investigate the use of semi-autonomous vehicles used for military logistics and carry out human factors analysis to reflect on trust and safety issues that emerge from the driving of such vehicles.


© Our Dermatol Online 3.2020 238 How to cite this article: Verma K, Gupta M, Sharma RK. The scenario of Lepra reaction at the Tertiary Level Hospital in a Hilly State and our experience with its management. Our Dermatol Online. 2020;11(3):238-242. Submission: 19.06.2020; Acceptance: 21.07.2020 DOI: 10.7241/ourd.20203.3 Th e scenario of Lepra reaction at the Tertiary Level Hospital in a Hilly State and our experience with its management


Abstract One hundred and forty-seven species of parasites (59 Acari, 11 Amblycera, 30 Diptera, 1 Hemiptera, 1 Perttastomida, 28 Phthiraptera, 17 Siphonaptera), together with their synonyms and common names, are listed from 30 species of wild, feral or domestic animals and man from New Zealand and offshore islands. Where known, geographical distribution and range are included; indexes for cross referencing are provided.


The correlated channel model (Zhang, 1995) was proposed as a modification of the (Durlach, et al., 1986) channel model by assuming that the internal noise in each peripheral channel is correlated. However, both models are limited because signals resolved into N channels by the peripheral processing unit are assumed to be statistically independent. Based on the results of several recent studies, the signals themselves may be correlated due to nonlinear properties of the basilar membrane, even before the addition of interchannel noise. In this study, the correlated channel model was extended using correlated and weighted signals, and the sensitivity index d' for a multi-tone detection task was derived. The performance of the modified model was characterized by parameter estimation, and compared with the results of a spectrotemporal integration experiment. [Research supported by a grant from the Office of Naval Research # N000140911017.]


Tephritidae are the true fruit flies, which include the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), the walnut husk fly, Rhagoletis completa Cresson, the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrephaludens (Loew), and the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh). Fruit fly infestation causes major damage to many economically-important food crops and is of major concern in agriculture worldwide. Tephritidae are controlled primarily by repeated applications of organophosphate pesticides. Health concerns, environmental pollution, and costs associated with pesticide use press researchers to find new methods for control. One approach to finding new control methods involves investigating the associations that exist between tephritids and microorganisms. Currently, bacterial odors are being used to lure these pest tephritids into traps. These flies are specifically attracted to odors from certain bacteria found to inhabit their gut. Data suggest that these bacteria are likely involved in important aspects of fruit fly nutrition and reproduction.


For a metric continuum X and a positive integer n, let Cn(X) be the hyperspace of nonempty closed subsets of X with at most n components. We say that X has unique hyperspace Cn(X) provided that, if Y is a continuum and Cn(X) is homeomorphic to Cn(Y ), then X is homeomorphic to Y . In this paper we study which Peano continua X have unique hyperspace Cn(X). We find some sufficient and also some neccesary conditions for a Peano continuum X to have unique hyperspace Cn(X). Our results generalize all the previous known results on this subject. We also give some significant examples. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 54B20. Secondary 54F15, 54F50.


The new global communication systems and their integration in all media communication, together with their potential interactivity, are changing our culture and are introducing new questions and challenges in the educative system. The teaching practices are strongly impacted by the development of the new technologies, not only because they influence the professional skills of the teachers, but also because of the roll they have assumed in the global university context.


Structure exposed to fire should not undergo a significant damage or collapse as long as it takes to evacuate people or to extinguish the fire. For a given specific loading, element geometries and support conditions, the fire resistance is defined as a time when plastic hinges are formed and the structure has lost its bearing capacity. The objective of this study is to develop a nonlinear finite element program for predicting the structural behaviour of planer reinforced concrete frame structures, exposed to fire. Two numerical moduls are incorporated in this program. The modul FIRE-T carries out the nonlinear transient heat flow analysis associated with fire and the second modul FIRE-S predicts the response of reinforced concrete elements subjected to the thermal histories predicted by FIRE-T. The modul FIRE-S is based on a tangent stiffness formulation and an iterative analysis approach. The complex features of structural behavior in fire conditions, such as thermal expansion, shrinkage, creep, cracking or crushing, and material properties changing with temperature are considered. The use of the program FIRE for defining the fire resistance of three-bay, two-story reinforced concrete frame is presented. For a given specific loading and element geometry, different fire scenarios are analyzed.


 . We discuss the electrodynamics of a rapidly rotating perfectly conducting magnetized sphere rotating with constant angular velocity about an axis which is inclined to the magnetic dipole field. An exact special relativistic solution is obtained for the electromagnetic field in the interior. The exterior solution is also determined and matched to the interior by using the appropriate boundary conditions. A formula for the relativistic energy emission from the sphere is derived, and compared with the known non-relativistic formula. It is shown that in the slow rotation limit, all the relativistic solutions and formulae obtained reduce to the known non-relativistic expressions in the literature. Some of the main objectives of this work are to obtain the expressions for the electromagnetic field vectors in the interior and exterior and to see how large the special relativistic corrections are in the energy emission formula. The latter, but also other expressions and formulae, may be of relevance to rapidly rotating neutron stars, because it will be found that the classical non-relativistic formula for the energy emission, is inaccurate for such stars.


Increasing temperature because of climate change is one of the leading constraints to wheat productivity by adversely affecting its growth and development. Global warming would push the wheat cultivation further into heat stressed environment in future which may ultimately cause yield loss. This research directed for determination of heat tolerance level among different wheat genotypes to establish selection criteria under high temperature to select promising wheat genotypes for breeding. Hundred wheat accessions including 97 lines from international Maize and wheat improvement centre's (CIMMYT) heat nurseries and three local checks were assessed for tolerance against high temperature in glass house and open field. In glass house, at seedling stage data was recorded for fresh shoot weight, dry shoot weight, leaf relative water content and electrolyte leakage. In open field data for heat and yield related traits were recorded and subjected to mean square analysis. Studied traits were pooled through cluster analysis. Results showed that these traits have potential to discriminate heat tolerant and susceptible genotypes. Variances between genotypes were highly significant for all investigated traits under both circumstances. Accessions HTSBWON-15-0002, HTSBWON-15-0029, HTSBWON-15-0040, HTSBWON-15-0079, HTSBWON-15-0087, HTSBWON-15-0089 and Faisalabad-08 performed good for heat and yield related traits particularly electrolyte leakage and leaf relative water content. Hence, based on analysis it could be deduced that these genotypes may be used in hybridization programs for development of heat tolerant wheat genotypes with high yield potential.


Occasionally a satirist, using dialect, whimsey, or dialogue, may be able to point the harsh finger of criticism at his contemporaries in a manner the more formal critic dares not do or at least rarely does for any sustained period of time. At a time when the Irish invasion of the northeastern United States was making a powerful mark on the physical, social, mental, and other aspects of this part of the world, Peter Finley Dunn, masquerading as a shrewd and observant Irishman, wrote a series of essays which were collected and published in many volumes. He was able to cast the barbed harpoon of criticism at the ponderous behavior and misbehavior of a raw and often raucous democracy without getting jerked out of the whale boat. Occasionally in secondhand book stores I pick up one of the Mr. Dooley books. They give a nostalgic pleasure, displaying the attitudes and


Figure 1 depicts the sequence of events that occur when beef chymotrypsinogen A (ChTg) is activated to chymotrypsin (ChT). Trypsin catalyzes step 1, the hydrolysis of the peptide bond between arg(15) and ileu(16), converting the inactive zymogen into active 7r-chymotrypsin. The subsequent steps do not increase chymotrypsin activity, but rather consist of autocatalytic cleavages and conformational adjustments of the enzyme. In step 2, the peptide bond between leu(13) and ser(14) is hydrolyzed, releasing the dipeptide ser(14)-arg(15), to give a-chymotrypsin. In step 3, a second dipeptide thr(147)-asN(148) is similarly liberated to give the relatively stable a-chymotrypsin, the form on which almost all physicochemical studies have hitherto been carried out. The double arrow in step 4 is not intended to imply that these two forms exist in equilibrium, but rather that they are interconvertible under appropriate conditions.' Another crystalline form, designated f3, was obtained by Kunitz2 from the supernatant of his 'y crystallization, but it remains inadequately characterized. Little is known about the relative activities of the various members of the series. Desnuelle3 states that r-ChT is the most active chymotrypsin, and that conversion to 6-ChT does X vA alter the activity. Recently, Himoe, Parks, and Hess4 have reported that 5-ChT is a more efficient catalyst than a-ChT in the hydrolysis of N-acetyl-tryptophaiarride.


Although cogging torque in magnetic gears (MGs) has been studied, the additional degree of freedom inherent to MGs makes it unclear exactly what is defined as the cogging torque of a MG. Although MGs generally have relatively smooth torque transfer characteristics, this paper reveals that when the gear is used in an up-speed configuration, cogging effects may be amplified under startup conditions. This paper distinguishes between two kinds of cogging torque in MGs, termed the synchronous cogging torque and the true cogging torque. Calculation of the true cogging torque is more difficult than the synchronous cogging torque, but an approximation to the true cogging torque can be obtained using the synchronous cogging torque. The theory is verified experimentally and supported further by results from dynamic simulations. The impact on magnetically geared machines is also considered.


With little to no natural fracture development and the high calcite content in porous carbonate reservoirs, for multistage acid fracturing, different fluids are used to form a viscous fingering in the fracture, thus enhancing the degree of nonuniform etching. However, existing studies on multistage acid fracturing mainly focused on the combination of fracturing fluid and acid, which is less specific for porous carbonate rocks. Here, the rheological properties of five fluids, including guar-based fluid, cross-linked guar, gelled acid, cross-linked acid, and diverting acid, were studied at each temperature condition, and the viscosity relationship between each fluid was clarified. Based on the rheological properties, the differences between the seven liquid combinations on the etched morphology of the fracture walls were studied and analyzed. The conductivity of the seven acid-etched fractures under different closure stress was simulated. The experimental results showed that the viscosity relationships between the fluids at different temperatures were cross-linked guar > cross-linked acid > diverting acid (spent acid) > gelled acid > guar-based liquid > diverting acid (fresh acid). Because cross-linked acid has higher viscosity than gelled acid, it can form more obvious viscous fingering with a variety of liquids, which is more suitable for acid fracturing stimulation of porous carbonate reservoirs. In addition, the combination of cross-linked and diverting acids was screened out. The multistage alternate injection of this fluid combination could form tortuous and complex etching channels, and its acid-etching fracture conductivity was significantly higher than that of other fluid combinations at different closure stress. In this study, we optimized the fluid combination of porous carbonates and clarified the effect and mechanism of nonuniform etching to provide guidance for the fluid combination selection of multistage alternate acid fracturing process for porous carbonate reservoirs.


The Code - which is based on the need to provide Italy with a governance tool for unlisted family companies, on the background of the experience of other European countries and in the light of clear scientific evidence, proposes to go beyond the previous family governance models, in order to enhance efficient and effective mechanisms.


This research studies a remarkable Safaitic inscription recently recovered in the al-Laẓāiym region in the north-eastern Bādiyah of Jordan. This inscription is important because it mentions the extinct Arab tribe of Ṭs¹m. This inscription represents the first recognizable reference of Ṭs¹m ever to appear in a Semitic inscription.


To assess the value of contrast- enhanced helical CT scanning in the diagnosis of acute aortic dissection, 102 patients who were suspected of acute aortic dissection and were underging helical CT scanning because of chest pain or an abnormal chest radiograph were studied. Immediately after completion of helical chest CT, non-helical or helical scans of the abdomen were also obtained to determine the inferior extent of the dissection. Of the 102 patients, 50 had aortic dissections based on findings from surgery, angiography, CT scans or transesophageal echocardiography. CT findings provided 100 correct reports and 2 incorrect reports. Eighteen patients had type A dissections and 32 patients had type B dissections. The sensitivity of CT scanning for acute aortic dissection was 100% and specificity was 96%. From this study, we believe that high-quality helical CT techniques can be useful as the primary imaging modality in the evaluation of acute aortic dissection.


Published studies report the incidence of pannus formation with the St.Jude Medical prosthetic mitral valve to be 0.02%. The following report details a mitral valve malfunction due to pannus formation and thrombosis in a 70-year-old woman which occurred 16 months after the initial operation (SJM 27mm)using Dacron-cuff. A second replacement using a mitral valve prosthesis(SJM 27mm) using Teflon-cuff was successfully performed and the postperative course was uneventful. The possibility of pannus formation of St.Jude Medical aortic valve and its mechanism are discussed in this report. (Kitakanto Med J 2012;62:301~303)


The overarching question for the workshop was as following: How do we best utilize advanced modeling and high-performance computing (HPC) to address key challenges and opportunities in order to realize the full potential of additive manufacturing; and what are the key challenges of additive manufacturing to which modeling and simulation can contribute solutions, and what will it take to meet these challenges?


This study examines the use of e-learning as a learning media in Education and Training. The role of e-learning in learning can bridge the gap between teachers and students in different spaces and times. The method used in this study is a literature review with a narrative review approach. The study result revealed that e-learning as a learning media is effective to improve student learning achievement. In the training of the company, the use of e-learning can also improve the performance of employees. E-Learning that uses MOOC (Massive Open Online Course) provides benefits for learners in formal education and companies who want to develop their abilities and careers. It is important to emphasize aspects of content, users, and the latest technology to optimize the effectiveness of implementing e-learning.


Since the requirements to calculation accuracy are becoming ever stricter, they call for overhead power line (OPL) mathematical models that use the most accurate adjustment for the internal material properties and the geometry of the modeled objects while also accounting for external effects from the environment; in this regard, analytical methods become imperative for error verification and analysis. This is why it is necessary to develop such OPL relay protection algorithms that would automatically adjust the setpoints for the changing environmental conditions. Relay protection performance analysis presented herein proves such automatic adjustment to significantly reduce the range of setpoint uncertainty.


During the last decades, many wild Atlantic salmon populations have declined dramatically. One hypothesis for an observed reduction in salmon marine growth and survival is reduced abundance of prey. However, the effect of spatial and temporal variation in marine prey abundance on post-smolt feeding conditions is poorly understood. Here we use stomach content data from 2572 salmon post-smolts sampled during 25 years in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean to examine spatial and temporal changes in diet and stomach fullness. Sandeel larvae west of Scotland and Ireland and in the northern North Sea, herring larvae in the eastern part of the Norwegian Sea, and amphipods in the western part of the Norwegian Sea were particularly important prey species. There was a reduction of fish larvae in the post-smolt stomachs over a large geographic area when comparing the period 1995–2004 to 2008–2019. This may be result of a bottom-up driven process, as increasing extent of Arctic Water masses and zooplankton abundance were positively correlated with post-smolt stomach fullness in the Norwegian Sea. Furthermore, the interspecific competition for fish larvae between post-smolts and mackerel may have increased with a larger mackerel stock expanding the feeding migrations northwards since 2007.


In a device for applying a coating to a surface of a lens (28) having opposite surfaces (30), at least one lens holder (26) is coupled to a frame (22) and the lens is fixed on the lens holder (26) so that the lens surface is exposed, a mounting plate (32) is coupled to the frame and is placed close to the lens holder and the workstation (38) carried by the mounting plate (32) for treating the surface (30), the lens holder (26) being indexable relative to the plate (32) to expose the surface (30) in response to commands issued by a device commande.Application particular to the manufacture of glasses.


We study the satisfiability problem of the logic K2 = K × K—the two-dimensional variant of unimodal logic, where models are restricted to asynchronous products of two Kripke frames. Gabbay and Shehtman proved in 1998 that this problem is decidable in a tower of exponentials. So far, the best-known lower bound is NEXP-hardness shown by Marx and Mikulás in 2001. Our first main result closes this complexity gap. We show that satisfiability in K2 is nonelementary. More precisely, we prove that it is k-NEXP-complete, where k is the switching depth (the minimal modal rank among the two dimensions) of the input formula, hereby solving a conjecture of Marx and Mikulás. Using our lower-bound technique also allows us to derive nonelementary lower bounds for the two-dimensional modal logics K4 × K and S52 × K, for which only elementary lower bounds were previously known. Moreover, we apply our technique to prove nonelementary lower bounds for the sizes of Feferman-Vaught decompositions with respect to product for any decomposable logic that is at least as expressive as unimodal K, generalizing a recent result by the first author and Lin. For the three-variable fragment FO3 of first-order logic, we obtain the following two immediate corollaries: the size of Feferman-Vaught decompositions with respect to disjoint sum are inherently nonelementary, and equivalent formulas in Gaifman normal form are inherently nonelementary. Our second main result consists in providing effective elementary (more precisely, doubly exponential) upper bounds for the two-variable fragment FO2 of first-order logic both for Feferman-Vaught decompositions and for equivalent formulas in Gaifman normal form.


Isaiah Berlin's idea of value pluralism has been extensively discussed in recent decades. However, there is still much controversy about the actual meaning and implication of the terms "incompatibi...