".. . It is often said that all the conditions for the first production of a living organism are now present which could ever have been present. But if (and oh what a big if!) we could conceive in some warm little pond, with all sorts of ammonia and phosphoric salts, light, heat, electricity, etc., present, that a proteine compound was chemically formed, ready to undergo still more complex changes..... These words of Charles Darwin written nearly 100 years ago on events that may have preceded the origin of life hold, in essence, today's generally accepted ideas on the origin of life. This is that there once was a very dilute mixture, felicitously termed the primeval soup, that contained the basic ingredients necessary for the first living organism. The essential ingredients, on which most scientists investigating life's origins agree, are water, ammonia, methane and hydrogen. These somehow combined to form an entity capable of reproducing itself, and that entity very gradually grew more complex, by mutation and natural selection. Most scientists agree that there were no living forms, not even the simplest microorganisms, existing on earth 4.5 billion years ago. Within 2 billion years, however, at least the crust and oceans, as well as the low atmosphere, were teeming with life forms as complicated as the one-celled algae that reproduce themselves in today's laboratories. Evidence continues to mount that these living organisms resulted from random interactions during hundreds of millions of years among the essential ingredients of the primeval soup, not from an event that occurred only once here on the planet earth and could never occur elsewhere in the universe. The starting point for evidence supporting this viewpoint is the presumed chemical makeup and interaction of earth's environment some 4.5 billion years ago. If the atmosphere believed to have surrounded the planet thenwater, ammonia, methane and hydrogen-were still here now, there would be no life on earth. The transformation of the atmosphere is believed to have occurred very gradually and to reflect changes in the chemical cauldron, as organic compounds evolved from lifeless combinations of carbon and other elements into ancestral forms of life capable of reproducing themselves. That organic compounds can be formed in the agreed-on primitive atmosphere was first demonstrated by Dr. Stanley L. Miller, now at the University of California at San Diego in La Jolla, while he was at the University of Chicago in 1953, working under the direction of Nobelist Dr. Harold Urey, who is now a professor-at-large at the University of California. Dr. Miller exposed mixtures of methane, ammonia and water to various forms of electrical energy, some for as long as 10 days. The result was a mixture of such varied organic compounds as amino acids, sugars and vegetable acids. Similar experiments with differing mixtures and other forms of radiation were soon tried in laboratories all over the world and are still underway today, especially in the United States, the Soviet Union and Japan. The great variety of starting points that have been used in these experimental syntheses is a strong argument for the contention that early pre-life forms could have been created under many conditions. The original experiment by Dr. Miller and subsequent ones by a host of chemists and biochemists demonstrate not only that Darwin had the right idea but that the theories expressed independently in the 1920's by a Russian and a British scientist were correct approaches to the origin of life. Aleksandr I. Oparin, a Russian biochemist, in 1924 first explained life's beginnings in terms of the necessary biochemistry under presumed primitive conditions, with special emphasis on the oceans and changes in earth's primitive atmosphere. Five years later, J. B. S. Haldane put forward essentially the same ideas independently. There is growing evidence that the intermediate organic molecules characteristic of life, mostly carbon and nitrogen compounds of moderate complexity such as adenine and the amino acids, can occur in other places than on earth -notably the asteroids from which some meteorites are derived. According to Dr. J. D. Bernal of the University of London, an expert on crystal structure and author of the book, "The Origin of Life," the next experimental step is the polymerization of the intermediate organic molecules. This decisive event ends in the formation of complicated biochemical compounds, "ordered polymers, the nucleic acids, the proteins and at least some of the complex and varied processes by which the latter are produced from the information contained in the former." Explaining how these true precursors of life were formed is exceedingly difficult, since there are as yet no experiments to guide researchers. The third stage, Dr. Bernard says, is from polymer to organism-"the passage from a mere living area of metabolizing material without specific limitations into a closed organism which separates one part of the continuum from another, the living from the non-living." That stage is also shrouded in mystery, although some light on it is coming from fossil records that regularly push back the oldest known date for the existence of living forms. The earliest record for what may have been living things was found in a piece of South African rock by Dr. Elso S. Barghoorn and J. William Schopf of Harvard University, who found that biochemically complex organisms were in existence over 3.1 billion years ago. Their latest studies of pre-Cambrian sediments, reported in the February PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, indicate that amino acids they found in fossils from 1 billion to 3 billion years old have the same composition as living systems today and, therefore, that the basic constituents of life have not changed significantly since very early in biological history. The essential event from which most others in the origin of life can be dated was the advent of photosynthesis, on a scale large enough to influence the atmosphere and both fill it with oxygen, and top it off with a protective shield of ozone that blocks the sun's lethal ultraviolet radiation. The time of this change-over correlates with the appear(see p. 267)


—The technical and procedural state of the art in video distribution and computer-mediated collaboration is mature enough to revisit the traditional television concept. The evolution of the state of the art made possible the concept of personal television, understood as viewers configuring what they wish to watch assisted by a smart recommendation system that proposes content adapted to their personal profile. We introduce a personalized interactive service platform intended to enhance the experience of completing the Way of Saint James. This platform can be accessed using devices like TV sets, mobile terminals or personal computers, and it is technologically supported by a blend of interactive TV, mobile communications, geolocation and semantic recommendation technologies. This proposal enhances the online provision of multi-technology services, the final users' experience by providing accurate, personalized and geolocated multimedia content on the Way of Saint James as well as the promotion of tourism initiatives related to the Way, a key aspect in the promotion of Galice and Spain as touristic destinations.


Abstract : In order to separate mechanical mechanisms of adhesion such as surface roughness, chain entanglement, or even chemical reaction from mechanisms based upon the dielectric nature of interface interaction, highlights of dielectric theory dealing with cohesion and adhesion are reviewed. Elements of those theories are applied in order to gain insight into experimental results of adhesive systems taken from the literature. From this analysis dielectric-based explanations are offered for general adhesion trends, including explanations of metal to nonmetal adhesion trends based upon properties of the changing metal and the constituents of the interface. An example of how a dielectric-based explanation could be used to rationalize contributions from both the interface compositions and bulk components is also given. Finally an example of dynamic molecular modeling is given in order to compare current computer models of adhesion.


The purpose of this study was to collect Swedish normative data
for Lundamaterialet for children aged 3:0-4:5 years. Another aim was to
examine the effectiveness of the test; if it elicits adequate responses for
deciding if a child has acquired a specific language structure or not.
Normative data was collected for 195 children with typical language
development. Participants were recruited from pre-schools in the
municipalities of Goteborg, Molndal, Harryda and Skovde. This study
presents normative data for 79 children constituting the three youngest halfyear
groups. Results show that the children had acquired more than half of
the investigated phonological and grammatical structures and that the older
children had acquired more structures than the younger ones. Results also
indicate that Lundamaterialet is well functioning but that the effectiveness of
a few test items was considerably lower. Some items contain words or
concepts that were unfamiliar to many of the children.


This lecture is the first of three lectures investigating the complexity of neural networks. We'll cover 3 bounds, 2 of which use covering numbers, and at the end point show how to relate them to Rademacher complexity. The definition of cover we'll use is as follows. Definition. Say G is a (‖ · ‖p; , S)-cover of F if: • For every f ∈ F , there exists g ∈ G so that ‖g(S)− f(S)‖p ≤ , where g(S) := (g(x1), . . . , g(xn)) and S := (x1, . . . , xn). • supg∈G ‖g(S)‖2 ≤ 2 supf∈F ‖f(S)‖2. (We need this to apply Rademacher rules for finite classes.) Moreover, define the covering number Np(F ; , S) to be minimal cardinality of a (‖ · ‖p; , S)-cover of F (or ∞ if no finite cover exists). The three bounds are as follows. 1. By ignoring the structure of networks and treating them as Lipschitz functions, the Rademacher complexity can be upper bounded by a quantity exponential in layers and dimension. 2. By paying a little attention to the structure, a bound which is exponential only in layers can be derived. 3. Lastly, if more attention is paid and the activations are bounded, then the complexity is polynomial in layers and parameters. Remark. • Networks here are of the form ~ φ(Al~ φ(Al−1~ φ(· · ·A1x))), and in particular the offset "+b" is omitted". • The covers here are improper, meaning we do not require G ⊆ F . • The notion of covers (including improper covers) is due to Kolmogorov and Tikhomorov [ future matus: read it . . . ]


On 20 October 2020, the European Parliament adopted a resolution (2020/2012(INL)) with recommendations to the Commission regarding artificial intelligence, robotics and related technologies, which included a legislative proposal for a Regulation on the ethical principles for the development, deployment and use of these technologies. The content of this proposal undoubtedly follows from the regulatory vision that the European Commission has maintained in documents such as the White Paper on Artificial Intelligence (COM(2020) 65 final) or the Ethical guidelines for trustworthy AI drawn up by the High-Level Expert Group on AI. Given this new legislative horizon, it is more necessary than ever to address a constructive criticism on the proposal, highlighting the possibility of reformulating its markedly soft-law character despite its location in a regulatory source of general application and directly applicable, such as regulations, or the adopted approach for certain key principles such as human supervision or discrimination.


Professional service firms (PSFs) are dependent on the competence of their employees to develop and retain new business. We investigate how PSFs utilize professional competence for strategic goals such as business internationalization and simultaneously facilitate professionals' career mobility. We examine over a 5-year period the careers of 29 lawyers working in a large corporate law firm and identify four different competence regimes: technicians, project managers, competitive analysts, and global strategists. We argue that these competence regimes enable PSFs to pursue organizational business strategies while advancing or constraining or even undermining professional employees' career goals and aspirations. Specifically, we show how the four competence regimes facilitate the PSF's strategy to internationalize its business and support high performing employees' social mobility goals to develop their professional competence and advance their career. We then give suggestions for future research studies on competence regimes in professional organizations.


Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous developmental disorder that affects 1 in 68 children. The current behavioral diagnostics are only applicable late in development; development of an accurate, early-stage, non-behavioral classifier could circumvent the timing challenges of diagnosis, allowing for early and therefore more effective interventions. Our goal is to create an accurate machine learning classifiers to predict the autism phenotype from gut microbiome composition. We have 16S sequencing data depicting the gut flora composition of 52 children with Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD) and that of their 52 age-matched siblings without ASD. Samples are represented as a vector of abundances of taxa.


Research conducted by economists and business scholars indicates that there are significant and persistent differences in productivity. This research contradicts arguments by business strategists who claim that cost advantages are short lived. This result also spearheaded a large number of studies in various fields including economics, strategic management, marketing and others. According to research, causes of differences in productivity include information technology, R&D, managerial practices, learning effects, product innovation, firm structure, complementarities, and other factors. This paper surveys and evaluates these academic studies and spells out the managerial implications of the research on the determinants of business productivity.


In situ measurements of impedance and resistance of fruits have not found general use in measuring fruit maturation, senescence, and physiological condition despite some advantages over measurements of electrolyte leakage (exosmosis) from excised tissue. The advantages are ease and rapidity of techniques and preservation of the fruit for other analyses. The disadvantages or difficulties are the small measurable differences, cost and suitability of instrumentation for rapid measurements, choice of frequency of imposed current, suitable placement of electrodes to compensate for variation, and interpretation of data in physiological terms relating to membrane permeability or other developmental changes. With proper selection of methods and instrumentation, in situ impedance and resistance measurements have a potential not yet exploited.


Through typical plots investigation,indices of species richness and diver-sity of the roads with different levels in Xi'an Township,Liaoning Province,China were examined.The results showed the values of Simpson index(D) of the tree layer were between 0.3 to 0.6,those of Shannon-Weiner index(H) were 0.5 to 1.5.The values of D of shrub layer were between 0.3 to 0.8,and those of H were 0.7 to 2.0.For herb layer,the values of D were 0.5 to 1.0,and those of H were 1.5 to 4.0.The data indicated that the diversity indices in tree and bush layers were lower,and higher in herb lay.


Few studies on bird migration address altitudinal migration in South America, a regional-scale movement currently known for only nine species within the threatened Atlantic Forest biome. The Yellow-legged Thrush Turdus flavipes (YLTH) is one of such migrants thus far studied within a narrow altitudinal gradient and for which only fruits are pointed as the likely triggers of its seasonal movements. Here, we expand this knowledge by testing the hypotheses that arthropod and fleshy fruit availabilities, and climatic variables may all play roles in the seasonal abundance of this species along a broader altitudinal gradient (10-1,100 m asl) in the Atlantic Forest. We estimated YLTH density and its food resource availability in sites at three different altitudes. Besides supporting previous findings on the YLTH migratory behaviour, our findings reveal a novel and complex seasonal density variation of the species across altitudes, consistent with a partial altitudinal migration from higher altitudes. Aside from fruit availability, rainfall also partially influenced such behaviour, a new perspective for this species. Besides providing a broader picture for the altitudinal migration of YLTHs, we conclude by stressing the need for further studies on the understudied altitudinal migration system of birds within South America, including the assessment of the general validity of current hypotheses on the mechanisms underlying this interesting behaviour and its evolution.


How do general practitioners work on opposite sides of the world? Harnaik Johal and Pooja Goel argue that the UK can learn lessons from Australia


Last week was a notable one in the history of the National Hospital for the Paralysed and Epileptic. On Thursday, November 4, the King opened the Jubilee Extension buildings, and on Tuesday afternoon, November 2, the Duchess of Albany received, on behalf of the Jubilee Fund, a number of purees containing altogether about ?350. Many of the amounts in the purees were collected by patients who presented them personally to the Duchess. Prior to this function there was a thanksgiving service in the chapel of the hospital to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the institution, which was founded on November 2, 1859, which the Duchess of Albany attended. The sermon was preached by the Archbishop of Canterbury.


Integrated silicon waveguides serve as a transmission medium for on-chip signaling, and they are also used to form various types of devices for communication and signal processing applications. In this paper, we present some recent progress in tailoring the physical properties of the silicon waveguides such as chromatic dispersion and nonlinearity. Using slot structures, both dispersion and nonlinearity can be tailored by more than an order of magnitude, which is a very useful feature in many signal processing applications.


Recent studies have shown that the muscarinic agonist, bethanechol (Bch) increased both phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover and cGMP accumulation by three-fold in rat superior cervical ganglia; whereas in postsynaptic elements represented by denervated ganglia, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) selectively stimulated PI turnover in an atropinesensitive manner, but did not alter cGMP levels.'S2 Since the responses elicited by these drugs were atropine sensitive, it suggests that they are mediated through occupation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR). The selective discrimination of these agents on the PI versus the cGMP response could result from selective occupation of different affinity states or subtypes of the receptor. To further explore the possibility of heterogeneity of mAChR in ganglia, we performed binding experiments with [ 'H]quinuclindinyl benzilate ([ 'HIQNB) and analyzed drug displacement of this binding. Binding experiments were carried out with rat superior cervical ganglia homogenates at 37OC in Krebs Ringer buffer, pH 7.4, containing 120 mM NaCI, 4.7 mM KC1, 2.5 m M CaC12, 2.4 mM MgSO,, 1.2 mM KH,PO,, 25 mM NaHCO,, and 10 mM glucose. Under these conditions, binding was saturable with =97% specific binding. The rate of dissociation (K-,) of the binding of 1 nM ['HIQNB was determined to be 0.0072 min-I. The rate of association (Kob) was determined a t seven different ['HIQNB concentrations from 50-2.000 pM. Using the equation K,' Kok K-,/['H]QNB, an average K+I = 0.70 5 0.30 x 10'M-' min-' was obtained yielding a kinetic KD for ['HIQNB binding = 12.7 i 6.9 pM. However, the plot of Kobr versus [ 'HIQNB concentration was not linear, suggesting complex kinetics for the binding of ['HIQNB to ganglionic homogenates and indicating that the KD derived by kinetic analysis may not be accurate.' Complex kinetics were also observed for the binding of ['HIQNB to porcine atrial microsomes, where it was suggested that binding may occur in two steps, a rapid preequilibrium followed by a slow ligant-induced conformational change.' Because of the complex results obtained with kinetic analysis, binding parameters were also derived from equilibrium binding studies using Scatchard analysis. By equilibrium analysis, the KD 74.3 2 16.0 pM and the B, = 568 f 59 fmol/mg protein (SE, No. 7). Several pharmacological agents were examined for their potential interaction with the mAChR, as determined by their ability to compete with ['HIQNB for binding to ganglia homogenates. In the presence of 50 pM ['HIQNB, complete displacement of binding occurred with 4-AP, calcium channel antagonists, and known agonists and antagonists of both muscarinic and nicotinic AChR. The Ki's and Hill coefficients (nH) derived from these displacement curves are shown in TABLE 1. It is noteworthy that the


In the past the NGA dominated the communications world of paper and ink. This domination is being undermined by the micro-processor revolution which is creating an alternative communications world based on electronic devices and in which the NGA presently has little influence. Here the author analyses the strategies and policies adopted by the NGA to retain its influence in the 'shrinking'communications world of paper and to gain some influence in the new communications.


Seven million hectares are planted with japonica rice in China yearly. The area of japonica hybrid rice planted annually was less than 10% though the first commercial hybrid cultivar was released in 1975. The major reasons for this (situation) are that heterosis over pure line check cultivar is not conspicuous and grain quality of hybrids is inferior to pure line check cultivar. In order to use the achievements of pure line breeding for enhancing the standard heterosis and improving grain quality of hybrid rice, several new CMS and restorer lines with BT type cytoplasm have been bred by backcross method using commercial cultivars as recurrent parents in japonica rice. In our previous paper, the results of combining ability analyses of agronomic and quality characters of BT type CMS lines newly bred were reported (Li and Hong, 2004). The objective of this paper was to research the combining ability for agronomic and quality characters of BT type iso-cytoplasmic restorer lines newly bred. Iso-cytoplasmic restorer line means the restorer line with the same cytoplasm as CMS line, and that lines with normal or unknown cytoplasm are referred to as non-isocytoplasmic restorers. Four CMS lines, five iso-cytoplasmic restorers and 4 non-isocytoplasmic restorers were used as parents. With NCⅡ genetic design, 36 combinations (4×9) were made by paper bag isolation. The plots of F_1s and parents were arranged in the field in a randomized complete block design with 2 replications. Eight agronomic traits and 10 quality characters were investigated. Research results were as follows: (1) The average phenotypic values of the hybrids produced by iso-cytoplasmic restorers were lower than that by non-isocytoplasmic restorers in agronomic traits except days from sowing to heading, 1 000-grain weight and panicles per plant, but the difference between the two kinds of hybrids in yield per plant was not significant, indicating that agronomic traits of hybrids produced by iso-cytoplasmic restorers were more harmonious (Table 4). (2) For quality characters, in the hybrids produced by iso-cytoplasmic restorers the brown rice percentage was increased by 1.07 %, and grain width by 0.08 mm, the differences were highly significant, as compared with that by non-isocytoplasmic restorers. Also in the hybrids produced by iso-cytoplasmic restorers the milled rice percentage was increased by 0.83%, and head rice percentage by 0.74%, chalkiness score was decreased by 0.46%, and rate of chalkiness by 0.54%, but the differences were not significant, as compared with that by non-isocytoplasmic restorers. These results indicate that brown rice percentage and grain width are improved in hybrids produced by iso-cytoplasmic restorers (Table 7). (3) For agronomic traits, 4016A and Zhendao88A were elite CMS lines, while Liuqianxin R, C418 and Xiangqing elite restorers in terms of GCA (Table 5). For quality characters, CMS lines 4016 A, QingkongA and the restorers 6427R, Wuyujing 3R, Liuyan189R had good GCA ((Table 8).) Considering both agronomic and quality characters, 4016A and Zhendao 88A were the ideal CMS lines, while 6427R, Liuyan 189R and Xiangqing the superior restorers. (4) 4016A/77302-1, Yueguang A/C418 and Zhendao 88A/C418 were excellent combinations in terms of agronomic traits; 4016A/3726 R, 4016 A/Liuqianxin R and Qingkong A/HP122 were excellent combinations in quality characters. 4016A/Wuyujing 3R, 4016A/Xiangqing and Zhendao 88A/6427R were excellent combinations in both agronomic and quality characters.


This study is a replication of a recent assessment of the relationship between social class and self-esteem, and the variables that intervene on this relationship. The purpose is to replicate the methods used to explore further this relationship by attempting to replicate the findings reported by Demo and Savin-Williams (1983) in another population. Only one of the four hypotheses tested received support thereby indirectly supporting the null relationship theory of no relationship between socioeconomic status and self-esteem. Implications of the findings also are addressed.


Mangroves are effective carbon sinks, support coastal fisheries and provide wood and non-wood resources to coastal communities. They are threatened by natural and human-induced stresses including over-exploitation, conversion pressures, pollution and climate change. Understanding changes in this important ecosystem is essential to inform the sustainable management of mangroves and assess the implications related to the loss of ecosystem services. This study used global remote sensing mangrove forest data to quantify changes in mangrove cover in Kenya between 2010 and 2016 and applied the InVEST coastal vulnerability model to assess the implications concerning the provision of natural coastal protection services in Kenya. The results indicate that the annual rates of mangrove cover loss in Kenya were 0.15% between 2010 and 2016. Currently, 16% of the Kenyan coastline is at higher levels of exposure to coastal hazards but this could increase to 41% if coastal ecosystems (mangroves, corals and seagrasses) are lost. The study further identified that higher rates of mangrove loss are observed in areas at higher risk of exposure in the southern and northern counties of Kwale and Lamu, where monitoring and management efforts should be prioritized.


This report was prepared to supplement a forthcoming chapter on formal methods in the FAA Digital Systems Validation Handbook1. Its purpose is to outline the technical basis for formal methods in computer science, to explain the use of formal methods in the specification and verification of software and hardware requirements, designs, and implementations, to identify the benefits, weaknesses, and difficulties in applying these methods to digital systems used in critical applications, and to suggest factors for consideration when formal methods are offered in support of certification. The report assumes a serious interest in the engineering of critical systems, and a willingness to read occasional mathematical formulas and specialized terminology, but assumes no special background in formal logic or mathematical specification techniques. (An appendix provides a rapid introduction to formal logic for those to whom this topic is new.) The discussion should be accessible to most people with an engineering background. It may also be of use to those who develop or advocate formal methods and are interested in their use to support certification of critical systems. The particular focus of this report is computer systems used on-board aircraft. Some background on these systems is provided so that those concerned with critical computer systems in other contexts may be able to reinterpret the airplane-specific material to suit their own field. Digital Systems Validation Handbook–Volume II. Federal Aviation Administration Technical Center, Atlantic City, NJ, February 1989. DOT/FAA/CT-88/10. The chapter on Formal Methods will probably form part of Volume III.


&NA; (±) Lercanidipine hydrochloride (HCl) (Zanidip) is an antihypertensive drug structurally related to dihydropyridine calcium‐entry blockers: lercanidipine is weakly basic (pK′a = 6.83 at 37°C) and highly lipophilic (log P octan‐1‐ol/water = 6 at 20‐25°C). After oral administration of 10‐20‐mg lercanidipine HCl tablets, absorption is practically complete and peak plasma concentration (Cmax) is observed within 3 h. Area under the curve (AUC) and Cmax are linearly but more than proportionally correlated with the dose. The plasma concentration profile of lercanidipine enantiomers is similar; AUC and Cmax values for the S(+), the eutomer for antihypertensive activity, are on average 1.2 times those of R(−). Distribution from plasma to tissues and organs is rapid (t1/2&agr; = 20 min) and extensive. The apparent volume of distribution is in the range of 2‐2.5 L/kg. More than 98% of the drug is bound to human plasma proteins. Elimination occurs essentially by biotransformation. The absolute availability of lercanidipine is relatively low as a consequence of high first‐pass metabolism; no parent drug is found in the urine or feces. Plasma half‐life is about 2‐5 h. The principal biotransformation pathways of lercanidipine in humans involve aromatization of the heterocyclic ring, hydroxylation of the &bgr;‐carbon atom on the 1,1‐dimethylethyl‐substituted ester function leading to loss of the N‐methyl‐N‐(3.3‐diphenyl)propylamine side‐chain, nitro reduction, N,N‐didealkylation, and O‐glucuronidation. all of which are well‐documented biotransformations of related dihydropyridines such as the structurally similar analogue nicardipine. Elderly subjects and subjects with hepatic failure (cirrhotic, class A on the Child‐Pugh scale) do not require dosage adjustment. For subjects with severe renal insufficiency, a reduction of the daily dose is advisable. Some interaction with food is observed when lercanidipine HCl is administered with a high‐fat meal. No interaction is observed with cimetidine and digoxin. Lercanidipine has one of the highest measured membrane partition coefficients for any calcium antagonist to date. This behavior supports the long‐lasting pharmacologic activity observed.


With the development of power system, the rapid and accurate detection of harmonic and reactive currents is premise of reactive power compensation and harmonic suppression. With MATLAB software, a research on simulation of harmonic detection and improvement method based on instantaneous reactive power theory is carried out. The result indicates that the harmonic detection improvement method of ¡P—¡qbased on instantaneous reactive power theory have a faster response time and better real-time.


The University of Edinburgh is a charitable body, registered in Scotland, with registration number SC005336. For more in-depth discussion of these findings, please refer to: Skafida, V (2014) Change in breastfeeding patterns in Scotland between 2004 and 2011 and the role of health policy. The research design, analysis and interpretation of the data and writing of the briefing do not necessarily represent the views of the funding body. Thanks go to all the families who take part in the Growing Up in Scotland Survey and make this research possible. (2012) A new typology of policies to tackle health inequalities and scenarios of impact based on Rose's population approach. References Watt G. (2002) The inverse care law today. Lancet 360:252–4. (2013) Moving from a universal to targeted child health programme: which children receive enhanced care? A population-based study using routinely available data: targeting child health programme support. Child Care Health Dev 39:772–8


IT IS well known that the diagnosis of insulinoma may be delayed because of the variable presentation of symptomatic hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemic symptoms were present for more than three years in 38% of 154 patients seen at the Mayo Clinic from 1927 to 1964 1 and in 15 of 60 patients seen there from 1964 to 1975. 2 Twenty-five percent of 258 patients reported in the world literature up to 1949 3 had symptoms for more than five years before operative intervention. Documentation of hypoglycemia generally follows the onset of symptoms by some time. The longest period of documented hypoglycemia that we could locate in the literature was 15 years. 3 We recently noted hyperinsulinemia in a patient who has had symptoms compatible with fasting hypoglycemia for more than 50 years and in whom hypoglycemia had been demonstrated 23 years previously. Report of a Case A 74-year-old woman was seen at the


ATP11A translocates phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), but not phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), from the outer to inner leaflet of plasma membranes, thereby maintaining the asymmetric distribution of PtdSer. We herein detected a de novo heterozygous point mutation in ATP11A in a patient with developmental delays and neurological deterioration. Mice carrying the corresponding mutation died perinatally or soon after birth with signs of neurological disorders. This mutation caused an amino acid substitution (Q84E) in the first transmembrane segment of ATP11A, and mutant ATP11A flipped PtdCho. Molecular dynamic simulations revealed that the mutation allowed PtdCho binding at the substrate entry site. Aberrant PtdCho flipping markedly decreased the concentration of PtdCho in the outer leaflet of plasma membranes, whereas sphingomyelin (SM) concentrations in the outer leaflet increased. This change in the distribution of phospholipids altered cell characteristics, including cell growth, cholesterol homeostasis, and sensitivity to sphingomyelinase. MALDI-imaging mass-spectrometry showed a marked increase of SM levels in the brains of Q84E knock-in mouse embryos. These results provide insights into the physiological importance of the substrate specificity of plasma membrane flippases for the proper distribution of PtdCho and SM.


State libraries in Rhode Island and New Jersey have found ways to cut costs by outsourcing delivery services and, in Rhode Island, the operation of the Regional Library for the Blind and Physically Handicapped.


Although Part One of the Civil Code celebrates a decade and a half since its enactment, the final Part Four has been in force for about eighteen months. The "economic constitution" of the Russian Federation required not only some twelve years to be drafted and enacted, but as the keystone legal document in the transition from a socialist Planned Economy to a market-based economic system. The present text contains Parts One, Two, Three, and Four of the Civil Code, as amended. It constitutes the complete Civil Code as contemplated by Russian civil law doctrine. The translation of the Civil Code is based on the official text published in the official gazette and as integrated on the legal data base provided by Consultant Plus.


The study aims at identifying the main issues that determine the direction of scientific and pedagogical activity of the honored teacher of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Education, Professor, author of books on literary reading for grades 1–4 and literature for grades 5–9, Gennady Samuylovich Merkin. While gaining this goal, we have carried out the theoretical analysis of G.S. Merkin's works on the issue of co-creation within the in-class and extracurricular activities on literature, the methodological apparatus of textbooks on literary reading and literature, and have come to the following conclusions. The key issue of G.S. Merkin's scientific and pedagogical activity is the co-creation as one of the shortest ways to achieve the goal of developing and improving the intellectual abilities of students and as a complex systemic phenomenon in which the interaction of the writer and the reader-pupil is carried out. Realization of the ideas of co-creation in the process of developing the concept of a modern textbook on literature con- tributes to the implementation of an active, cultural, practice-oriented and personality-oriented approach to the study of literature, implying not the assimilation of a certain amount of knowledge by students, but the development of their personality, communication and creative abilities. The innovative approach to teaching literature in the co-creation mode provides for the set- ting of non-traditional tasks and the choice of a non-standard philological and methodological solution, which involves establishing links where they are not obvious. Professionalism of the literature teacher is the most important condition for the successful implementation of the ideas of co-creation within the in-class and extracurricular activities.


Definitions are presented of parameters that describe quantitatively the solid phase of a granular mass. These parameters are used in the evaluation of contact forces. The theoretical aspects are examined of the forces between grains as a function of effective stress and the parameters that describe the grain skeleton. The analysis and measurement is described of particle breakage, which is a function of the contact forces and the crushing strength of the particles. The devices developed to investigate the shear strength and stress-strain characteristics of rockfills and the techniques for preparation of specimens are described, as well as the measurement of shear strength of rockfill in the triaxial and plane-strain apparatus. The effects of grain breakage and characteristics of the grain skeleton, and the type of test are discussed. Consideration is given to the theory of failure, and the evaluation of the frictional resistance of a granular soil and development of a general criterion for failure are set forth. The measurement of stress-strain characteristics by means of one-dimensional and triaxial compression tests, and analysis of the time settlement curves by oedometer tests are described. Stress-strain relationships based on the study of contact forces and the determination of the frictional resistance are presented. Conclusions and recommendations for selecting rockfill material and estimating their properties is also presented.


Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) are playing important roles in stimulating the innate immune response and intensifying adaptive immune response against invading pathogens. Appropriate regulation of TLR activation is important to maintain a balance between preventing tumor activation and inhibiting autoimmunity. Toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9) senses microbial DNA in the endosomes of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and triggers myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) dependent nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) pathways and type I interferon (IFN) responses. However, mechanisms of how TLR9 signals are mediated and which molecules are involved in controlling TLR9 functions remain poorly understood. Here, we report that penta EF‐hand protein grancalcin (GCA) interacts and binds with TLR9 in a yeast two‐hybrid system and an overexpression system. Using siRNA‐mediated knockdown experiments, we also revealed that GCA positively regulates type I IFN production, cytokine/chemokine production through nuclear localization of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), NF‐κB activation, and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Our results indicate that heterodimerization of GCA and TLR9 is important for TLR9‐mediated downstream signaling and might serve to fine tune processes against viral infection.


In this study, design considerations, structural analysis and manufacturing techniques for hat-stiffened composite panels were investigated. The material used in this study was unidirectional carbon fibres preimpregnated with bismaleimide resin, Cytec's Rigidite 5250-4 and the carbon fibres were Hercules Corp. Magnamite continuous type IM7. A stiffened panel configuration consisting of a flat 12-ply skin and three equally spaced longitudinal hat-shaped stiffeners, having a web of 12 plies, a flange of 5 plies and a cap of 24 plies, was designed. The co-curing manufacturing technique was used to produce the stiffened composite panel and simple techniques were developed to efficiently lay up plies for stiffener elements and built-up composite structure. The panel was designed to carry loads after the initiation of skin buckling. Both the buckling and post-buckling behavior were predicted using the finite element method(NISA Code). The 3-D laminated composite general shell element was used in the modeling. A quarter of the whole panel was modeled, due to the symmetry, using a total of 864 8-node quadrilateral elements with 2566 active nodes. The panel was tested in compression to verify its structural performance. Strain and load outputs were gathered by a data acquisition system (Sciemetric System 200) and recorded by a computer. The shadow Moire technique was used to monitor buckling patterns during the test. The finite element predictions were compared with the test data and good agreement was obtained.


In June 2014, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security initiated a policy of detaining * Professor Emerita of Law, Northern Illinois University. Professor Arriola is also executive director of Women on the Border, Inc. (http://www.womenontheborder.org). ** Esq. and Ph.D., Virginia Marie Raymond earned her A.B. at Bryn Mawr College, and her J.D., M.A., and Ph.D. at the University of Texas at Austin. She opened her solo immigration law practice in 2013, and has spent a great deal of her time devoted to advocacy for immigrants and refugees detained in Central and South Texas. 1. Maribel's full statement about the strike is at the Grassroots Leadership website. Maribel, M's Letter (2015), http://grassrootsleadership.org/sites/default/files/uploads/M%27s%20letter.pdf. 15 SANTA CLARA JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 2 (2017) 2 women and children asylum-seekers in detention centers across the country, rather than releasing them after arrest to pursue their claims while living in the community with extended family members, churches, shelters run by non-profit organizations, or other private individuals. Human rights advocates at the local, national, and international levels have condemned the fact of detention, the pretense that these refugees pose any "threat to national security," the length of detention, and the conditions of detention facilities. Moreover, many of the detention facilities are run by private, for-profit prison corporations, meaning that their operations are even less transparent than federal or state operated institutions. Despite harsh conditions, women asylum-seekers and immigrants have consistently resisted their incarceration. In explaining the origins and consequences of this policy, as well as of the burgeoning phenomenon of "crimmigration" (the intersection of criminal law with immigration law) this article argues that there is a punitive character to the supposed "civil" immigration detention process. The article argues that the punitive and inhumane aspects of for-profit based immigration detention can and should be linked to broader historical and political aspects of U.S. racial history, including the rise of the prison industrial complex and the social construction of the undocumented border crosser into a presumptive criminal identity. The article explains that once in detention arrested migrants face a range of inhumane consequences stemming from the overall impact of recent changes in Department of Homeland Security policy. The article argues that the harshest impact of these changes in law and policy by immigration authorities is on members of vulnerable groups who turn themselves in at the border and request asylum. Once in the system they must overcome obstructive, procedural barriers while also being detained and treated like presumed criminals by staff in for-profit detention centers who are not accountable for their mistreatment of detainees. The article draws upon the words of women and LGBT detainees themselves to illustrate the discriminatory effects of the government's continued reliance on for-profit prison corporations to operate immigration detention centers. The narratives herein were gathered by the authors' first-hand knowledge, either from Dr. Raymond's representation of formerly detained refugees or from an educational delegation produced by Professor Arriola which included first-hand meetings and interviews with migrants at the South Texas Detention Center.


This article presents the bibliotherapeutic approach as a clinical strategy for working with children. The article offers an overview of bibliotherapy, how the approach can be used in treatment, and recommended books for treating various problems facing children. The authors emphasize that the research on the effectiveness of bibliotherapy is inconclusive and that the bibliotherapeutic technique should only be utilized as an adjunctive therapy.


Phosphotungstics acid with Dawson structure and characted by FT-IR,UV-Vis and TG-DSC.The catalytic performance in synthesis of n-Butyl acetate with acetic acid and n-butanol was investigated and the mechanism was discussed.The optimized condition were as follows: the mass ratio of the catalyst to total reactant was 0.72%,the molar ratio of n-butyl alcohol to acetic acid was 2.0︰1.0,the reaction time was 2.0 h,the reaction temperature was 125 ℃.Yield of n-Butyl acetat could reach 96.83% under the optimum conditions.


Over the past few decades water bodies have been heavily contaminated by the heavy metals thus charophytes communities tended to disappear from their own habitat niches. In this experiment we hypothesized that elevating Cu concentrations and increasing exposure time deviates the biochemical responses of Chara braunii. For evaluating this hypothesis we considered changes in plant reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly as hydrogen peroxide. Thereafter, scavenging antioxidant activities were measured (POD, CAT) while pigment content assessed means of Chl a, Chl b and Carotenoids. Each treatment contains 3 replicates and subjected to four levels of Cu concentrations (0ppm, 1ppm, 5ppm, and 10ppm) for over four days respectively. Compared to the control, all dosages of Cu concentrations and exposure times were caused to trigger H2O2 generation. Observed results revealed that dramatic increases of H2O2 level on the 1st day of copper contamination by the 10ppm concentration. Conversely, after 1st day H2O2 content continuously tended to decreases and in 4th day it shown the lowest value. Moreover, C. braunii exhibited significant increase in the catalase activity and peroxidase activity for detoxifying Cu toxicity for short duration whereas inhibited antioxidant activity on prolonged exposure. Consequently, chlorophyll pigments content impaired significantly and deteriorated plant color suggests subjected plant were under extreme stress. This study results indicated that exposure to Cu contaminated water is lethal for charophyte growth and the physiological process by enhancing oxidative damages to the cells.


In open-pit mining, different designs are created, such as optimal ultimate pit limit and production planning. In order to determine the ultimate pit limit, two approaches are generally used based on geological and economic block models. In this paper, according to the long-term trend of metals price and mining costs, some suggestions were made to design the ultimate pit limit using the geological block model. In addition, a grade-based objective function was presented for determining the ultimate pit limit. Then, in order to solve the problem, a heuristic algorithm was developed to simultaneously determine the ultimate pit limit and the sequence of block mining. For a 2D geological block model, the final pit was generated using the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, to validate the generated pit limit, the results of a 3D geological block model were compared with those of the Lerchs-Grossman algorithm. The comparison showed that the two pits corresponded to each other with an accuracy value of 97.7 percent.


Commons studies have emphasized the importance of customary rights and informal institutions, arguing that if there is a gap between formal ownership titles and customary rights, then the latter must be respected. However, as customary practices weaken, the influence of state legal systems and registered titles becomes stronger. When the commons is registered under multiple co-owners' names, the commoners come to believe that they hold a normal common property and keep these rights even after they leave the village. This phenomenon, called legalization, leads to the tragedy of the anticommons because the number of rights holders outside the village increases. This paper explains the underuse of Japanese common property forests due to this legalization, especially in terms of two points derived from microdata analysis of the 2000 census. First, in the case of multiple co-owners, the number of ex-villagers who keep their rights is very high. Second, when ex-villagers keep their rights and the registered name includes multiple coowners, forestry activities are most infrequent. This paper names this situation "Bundle of Rights Reversed," in which those outside the community have strong rights to prevent change in forest use, and propose the application of a different legal rule. This framework would be useful for a comparative study on the formalization of commons tenure rights.


A 31-year-old Korean male presented with altered consciousness and severe headache. Brain MRI delineated focal leptomeningeal enhancement without any intracerebral lesions. Diagnosis was made based on a brain biopsy showing anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), immunohistochemical stains revealing positivity for anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and an absence of involvement in any other organs; specifically, the primary central nervous system ALK+ALCL. Complete remission was achieved following 5 cycles of systemic chemotherapy with a high dose of Methotrexate and a simultaneous 7 cycles of intrathecal triple chemotherapy. Diagnosis of primary leptomeningeal ALK+ALCL is challenging given its rarity and non-specific symptoms along with non-pathognomonic radiologic findings. We present the first case of primary leptomeningeal ALK-positive ALCL where the clinical course, pathologic characteristics and treatment modality are described as well as a review of literature.


Experiments were performed in a 133 m long horizontal test loop to study the evolution of liquid slug parameters.The statistical distributions of slug lengths and frequencies were measured by conductivity probes.The results show that the minimum stable liquid slug length is about 15D and a new correlation of wake effect of elongated bubble was presented.A slug tracking model was adapted to study the evolution of the liquid slug lengths and frequencies.In the present model,the new correlation of wake effect was taken into account and random slug lengths are introduced at the entrance.The results of the model were verified by the experimentally determined average slug length,maximum slug length and average slug frequency.The comparison shows that the measured parameters are predicted well by the model.


The technique of dynamic light scattering is well suited to the measurement of the size of colloidal dispersions. Traditionally, measurements of large particle sizes or particles that are highly scattering would require high dilution of the sample in order to avoid multiple scattering effects. Conversely, measurement of very small and/or poorly scattering particles or samples that are very dilute are difficult unless high‐powered lasers are used. These problems have been addressed in a light scattering instrument incorporating novel non‐invasive backscatter optics (NIBS). This novel optic arrangement maximises the detection of scattered light while maintaining signal quality. In addition to the increased size and concentration range for DLS applications, the increased sensitivity obtained from this optical arrangement also allows for the determination of absolute molecular weight using static light scattering measurements. Accurate molecular weight measurements can be achieved at a single scattering angle for molecules that do not show any angular dependence in their scattering intensity. This paper describes the advantages of using backscatter optics and illustrates the capabilities of the technology by reporting results of measurements from various applications.


Yellow Bananas are captivating chapter books designed to help young readers make the transition from storybooks to text-based books. The next level up from Blue Bananas, each book features short chapters, engaging full-color illustrations, and a strong story about interesting characters. As their reading abilities develop, kids will want to make the jump from Blue to Yellow Bananas! Jake Juggins and his pirate band decide they need a girl on board ship to do chores while they are busy having adventures. But the girl they choose to do their cleaning, cooking, and sewing has other ideas.


Aims: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the intrastromal route of antifungal drugs in treatment of fungal keratitis.
Study Design:  Prospective non-controlled (single arm) interventional clinical study Place and Duration of Study: Ophthalmology Department, Assiut University Hospital, between March 2016 to November 2017.
Methodology: Corneal scrapings for direct smears and cultures were done for eighteen eyes of 18 consecutive patients and intrastromal injections were given according to sensitivity results.
Results: After one month of follow up of the cases in this study, 33.3% of the cases had rapid complete cure and the rest had incomplete cure with resolution of ulcer sizes by 55.34% ±6.78 after one or more intrastromal injection of antifungal drugs.
Conclusion: Intrastromal injection of antifungal drugs in treatment of fungal keratitis shows promising results in advanced cases of fungal keratitis when combined with the topical route.


HEAVY METAL OVERLOAD AROUND SASHA COMMUNITY QUARRY SITE IN ONDO STATE, SOUTH-WESTERN NIGERIA. *Ogunyemi A.J and Olusi T.A Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria E-mail- email@example.com This study carried out in 2012 was aimed at assessing the concentrations of heavy metals in the urine, rock and water samples of residents around Sashsa community quarry site, Akure, Ondo-State, Nigeria. Urine samples comprising 30 exposed residents of quarry site and 10 samples from non-quarry site residents (control) were collected and analysed for Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) and Copper (Cu) using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). The average concentrations of heavy metals in urine follow: zinc (0.232mg/l)> iron (0.062mg/l)> cadmium (0.02mg/l) > lead (0.012mg/l)> copper (0.0067mg/l), while that of the control follow:  zinc (0.135mg/l)> iron (0.0448mg/l)> copper (0.001mg/l)>lead (0.0005mg/l)> Cadmium (0.00mg/l). The concentration of cadmium (0.02mg/l) was significantly higher than both the control (0.00mg/l) and the recommended permissible limit (0.005mg/l) given by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). The percentage of urine samples that had excess cadmium was 53%. The mean concentration of lead (0.0123mg/l) and copper (0.0067mg/l) were also significantly higher than the control, while that of iron (0.062mg/l) and zinc (0.232mg/l) were not significantly different from the controls. Analyses of rock and water samples also revealed the presence of these metals except cadmium in the water samples.  As revealed from the results, the heavy metals from the rock could have polluted the environment through the quarrying activities leading to the heavy metal overload observed around Sasha quarry site. Hence there is urgent need to put protective measures in place for the residents in order to reduce the exposure and the risk of the bioaccumulation of these metallic poisons which could lead to the incidence and prevalence of several ailments associated with kidney damage.


By using road surface recognition technology to identify the level of road surface unevenness when the vehicle is in motion and thus adjusting the active suspension control parameters, vehicle smoothness can be improved. This paper developed a pavement unevenness recognition model based on decision tree algorithm and random forest algorithm, and a soft soil stochastic uneven pavement and off-road vehicle dynamics model based on off-road vehicle driving characteristics. The vehicle is simulated to drive on the soft soil pavement, and the vertical acceleration data of the wheels are collected as the data set of the pavement recognition model. The recognition performance of the two pavement recognition models is compared. The results show that the ensemble learning algorithm performs better in generalization and achieves an accuracy of 98% for recognizing different road surfaces. The proposed pavement identification method is essential for improving the smoothness of off-road vehicles driving on the soft soil surface.


The paper describes the important effects of soaking time to soybean on utilize rate of protein and quality of Tofu. The soaking time of material soybean plays an important role in the texture and yield of Tofu. By scanning electron microscope, the morphological structure on cross section of material soybean with difference soaking time was observed. And make use of apparatus of physics property, the physics property of Tofu was measure. So we can improve the quality of Tofu by research on the right soaking time of soybean.


Aiming at the application in physical human-robot interaction, this paper presents a novel adaptive admittance control scheme for robotic manipulators. Special emphasis is drawn on the avoidance of oscillatory behavior in the presence of closed kinematic chains while keeping the rendered impedance low. The approach uses an online fast Fourier transform of the measured manipulator endeffector forces in order to detect oscillations and to adapt the admittance parameters dynamically. As a novel method towards human-centered control design the adaptation strategy is determined in a user study evaluated with a machine-learning algorithm. Experiments conducted with ten human participants show superiority over the non-adaptive admittance control scheme.


Networking and Distributed Processing. Communications Basics. Local Area Network Hardware. Network Architecture. Contention and Noncontention Networks. Network Software. Repeaters, Bridges, Routers, Brouters and Gateways. Network Management. Network Security and Reliability. E-Mail and Fax Servers on the Network. Checklists for Network Evaluation and Selection. Bibliography. Glossary. A Guide to Network Vendors. Index.


Ocean literacy content is lacking in the Namibian course curricula. If people are not knowledgeable of the ocean and its importance, they will be less inclined to actively protect it through sustainable practices. EduVentures is an organization in Namibia promoting sustainable practices through Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Our goal was to develop online modules to train teachers in the topic of ocean literacy in order for them to integrate the concepts into their lessons. To develop the ocean literacy module, we collaborated with the Ministry of Fisheries in Namibia. We utilized the course outline they provided in order to produce the content for the module. Throughout the module development process, we received and incorporated feedback on our module from the Ministry of Fisheries and the EduVentures staff. Our final module will be used in teacher training workshops run by the Ministry of Fisheries.


We develop a parametric inversion algorithm to determine simultaneously the horizontal and vertical resistivities of both the formation and invasion zones, invasion radius, bed boundary upper location and thickness, and relative dip angle from electromagnetic triaxial induction logging data. This is a full 3D inverse scattering problem in transversally isotropic media. To acquire sufficient sensitivity to invert for all of these parameters, we collect the data using a multicomponent, multispacing induction array. For each transmitter-receiver spacing this multicomponent tool has sets of three orthogonal transmitter and receiver coils. At each logging point single-frequency data are collected at multiple spacings to obtain information at different depths of investigation. This inversion problem is solved iteratively with a constrained regularized Gauss-Newton minimization scheme. As documented in the literature, the main computational bottleneck when solving this full 3D inverse problem is the CPU time associated with constructing the Jacobian matrix. In this study, to achieve the inversion results within a reasonable computational time, we implement a dual grid approach wherein the Jacobian matrix is computed using a very coarse optimal grid. Furthermore, to regularize the inversion process we use the so-called multiplicative regularization technique. This technique automatically determines the regularization parameter. Synthetic data tests indicate the developed inversion algorithm is robust in extracting formation and invasion anisotropic resistivities, invasion radii, bed boundary locations, relative dip, and azimuth angle from multispacing, multicomponent induction logging data.


Belt conveyor circulating with an endless, to a support structure (2) having an upper run and a lower run belt mat (3), running off the dependent on a direction of conveyance (F) at a deflection device (4) and the other deflection device (5) is accrued movable and the individual spaced apart, opposite a tape Matt level upstanding, transverse to the strip mat (3) extending carrier (6) are arranged, are arranged with a below the strip mat (3) trough (10), adjacent to the accrual of deflection (5) of the strip mat ( 3) a ball promoting (11) is provided which can be connected an arc-shaped, (to the well 10) ramp (12) as a support element of a (between the tub 10) and upper run of the belt mat (3) is formed drag conveyor section along which the strip mat (3 ) works as a thrust member, characterized in that for conveying scrap the ramp (12) pivotable relative to the tray (hinged 10), and a drive (14) for the swiveling movement is provided, the ramp (12) depending on the load of a spring-loaded closing position to an opening position ...


Purple seed stain, caused by Cercospora kikuchii Matsumoto and Tomoyasu is one of the most prevalent diseases of soybean. It rarely reduces yields, but heavy infection sometimes retards seed germinationG> . Pods, stems and leaves are infected as well as seeds. But the purple discoloration on the seed which is one of the most typical and conspicuous symptoms reduces market value. Distributing widely, this disease occurs severely under humid conditions as particularly shown in upland fields converted from paddy fields. Recently fungicide application to control this disease has become widely practiced in our country, resulting in less serious crop damage than previously recognized. But it is considered that fungicide effectiveness may be broken down by emergence of fungus str ains resistant to fungicide in the future. Therefore, breeding for resistance to purple seed stain is significant for production of high quality soybean. For that purpose, many kinds of experiments have been conducted at the Kariwano Branch of the Tohoku National Agricultural Experiment Station. In this paper, results of screening work for genetic resources of resistance to purple seed stain, inheritance of


The purpose of this study was to develop a checklist that can be used for facility inspections and remodeling in order to improve the safety of residents who are living in elderly care facilities. As a result of the study, living safety and disaster safety should be secured considering the behavior and accident feature of dementia elderly people who live in the elderly care facilities. Base on the these category of safety, 30 checklists were developed to secure the safety of the elderly care facilities through korea and foreign document. The specific results obtained by applying them to the elderly care facilities are as follows; In the elderly care facilities, common item have been mostly applied, and living safety aspect item which has a high application rate even in the BF certification have been almost applied. However, the rate of application for disaster safety was very low, therefore, the disaster safety aspect such as the planning of temporary evacuation space considering horizontal evacuation, setting up openings that blocked smoke inflow, the ease of communication and rescue activities with fire station should be needed.


In spite of these growing insights, there is still very fragmentary knowledge about the spatial organisation of Gaelic society. It is generally accepted that the landscape legacy of small territorial divisions (townlands), and the documentary legacy of numerous extinct denominations, are indicative of an apparently systematic and comparatively uniform territorial organisation. Its exact function and nature are still unclear, however, and there are seeming inconsistencies in some views of a highly developed territorial system on the one hand and a socially mobile and fluid population on the other.


The IFMSS Minimal Record of Disability (MRD) in Multiple Sclerosis was field tested at eight medical centers in the U.S. and Canada. The goals were to conduct a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the MRD. Assessments were completed on 249 patients with definite MS by neurologists and allied health professionals.


1. Penchansky R, Thomas JW. The concept of access: definition and relationship to consumer satisfaction. Med Care. 1981;19(2):127-140. 2. Hong R, Baumann BM, Boudreaux ED. The emergency department for routine healthcare: race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and perceptual factors. J Emerg Med. 2007;32(2):149-158. 3. Weber EJ, Showstack JA, Hunt KA, Colby DC, Callaham ML. Does lack of a usual source of care or health insurance increase the likelihood of an emergency department visit? results of a national population-based study. Ann Emerg Med. 2005;45(1):4-12. 4. Hunt KA, Weber EJ, Showstack JA, Colby DC, Callaham ML. Characteristics of frequent users of emergency departments. Ann Emerg Med. 2006;48(1):18. 5. Copeland VC, Scholle SH, Binko JA. Patient satisfaction: African American women's views of the patient-doctor relationship. J Health Soc Policy. 2003;17 (2):35-48. 6. Mollborn S, Stepanikova I, Cook KS. Delayed care and unmet needs among health care system users: when does fiduciary trust in a physician matter? Health Serv Res. 2005;40(6 pt 1):1898-1917.


The community structure,species composition,coverage,and mortality of scleractinian coral around Zhubi reef sea area of Nansha Islands were studied during the cruise in May,2007.Seventy-four species of scleractinian coral had been identified in this study,among them staghorn coral species had the highest abundance.The communities of scleractinian coral differed significantly between inside and outside lagoon.Although the corals in lagoon had better coverage and was healthier than those outside the lagoon,they all suffered high mortalities.While Porites cylindrical dominated the most in the lagoon(dominance 47.20%) Pocillopora verrucosa dominated at the slope(dominance 54.88%).In our opinion,mass mortalities of reef corals,which should be paid much attentions,might have resulted from the combined impacts of nature and human beings.


A perfume composition, containing grapefruit oil and bergamot oil, said perfume composition contains pine oil, lemon oil, cypress oil, at least one selected from the group consisting of rose oil and alumoxane Words Oil perfume compositions are disclosed, wherein a. It said perfume composition is variously can be utilized in the beauty and cosmetics field and the like. .FIELD 1


This chapter discusses findings on household knowledge of medicinal plants in Rgyal thang. Although the discourse of common householders centers on the loss of knowledge of how to use local plants medicinally, they do not completely lack knowledge of remedies altogether. The chapter analyses the discourse of lost medicinal plant knowledge in relation to discourses of commodification and ethnic identity in the Rgyal thang area. It presents an analysis of the symbolic importance of milk and barley as integrally connected to the discourses of subjectivity with which Rgyal thang Tibetans are engaged. The reported effectiveness of milk and barley, as remedies for general ailments and to maintain good health, combined with the symbolic power of these products, creates a dominant discourse in relation to other discourses of subjectivity. Keywords: barley; commodification discourse; ethnic identity discourse; medicinal plant knowledge; milk; Rgyal thang Tibetans


Vacuum stability and metastability imply lower limits on the mass of the higgs boson in the Standard Model (SM). In contrast, we present an improved calculation of an upper limit on the lightest higgs mass in supersymmetric (susy) models, by summing to all orders in perturbation theory the leading and next--to--leading logarithms with a renormalization group equation technique, and by including finite two-loop QCD corrections.The improvement lowers the Minimal Susy Standard Model (MSSM) upper limit by about 10 GeV. The main uncertainty in each limit is the value of the top mass, which is now constrained by the Fermilab results. We study the possibility that these bounds do not overlap, and find that (i) a mass gap emerges between the SM and the MSSM at $m_t\sim 175$ GeV for $\alpha_s(M_Z^2)=0.118$ and at $m_t \sim 180$ GeV for more generous values $\sim (0.130)$ of $\alpha_s$; and between the SM and the Minimal plus Singlet Susy Model [(M+1)SSM] if the independent scalar self--coupling of the latter is perturbatively small or if the $\tan\beta$ parameter is large; these gaps widen with increasing $m_t$; (ii) the mass gap emerges with $m_t$ 10 GeV lighter if only vacuum stability and not metastability is imposed; (iii) there is no overlap between the SM and the MSSM bounds at even smaller values of $m_t$ for the $\tan\beta$ value ($\sim 1$--2) preferred in Supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories. Thus, a measurement of the first higgs mass will serve to exclude either the MSSM/(M+1)SSM higgs sectors or the SM higgs sector. Finally, we comment on the discovery potential for the lightest higgses in these models.


Abstract : The overall goal of this project has been to provide advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and postdoctoral investigators with a broad understanding of ocean acoustics as well as the techniques used to study the ecology of marine animals in situ. A secondary goal of the project is to provide a setting for developing and testing new technologies. In this manner, it serves as a research magnet, attracting leading scientists to conduct their own research in a creative teaching and learning environment that catalyzes interactions across the various disciplines associated with Bioacoustical Oceanography. The specific objective of this research is to provide students with a broad understanding of the acoustic techniques used to study the distribution and behavior of marine animals in the context of their physical/chemical/biological environment. Highlighted activities conducted over the 5 years of our grant include the following: (1) three zooplankton acoustics cruises to Saanich Inlet, BC, Canada, to demonstrate how the forward problem can be used to groundtruth acoustic data, and how survey data can be interpolated to generate 3-D assessments of zooplankton distributions; (2) experimental study in Saanich Inlet to test the hypothesis that strobe lights on a MOCNESS sampling system reduces or eliminates net avoidance by euphausiids; (3) field trials along the Kohala Coast of Hawaii Island to test a new, multi-frequency echo sounder developed for use with Wave Gliders; (4) a fisheries acoustics cruise to demonstrate the methods used for conducting marine predator-prey studies using acoustics to define prey fields; (5) a passive acoustics exercise at Lime Kiln Lighthouse on San Juan Island to calibrate its hydrophone array and evaluate its performance in localizing and tracking orcas; and; (6) a passive acoustics exercise along the Kohala Coast in which three Wave Gliders were deployed with hydrophones to localize and track vocalizing humpback whales.


The dual snake segmentation procedure and pruned association rule with improved Apriori algorithm has been used in this paper to develop a common carotid image classification. The low level features extracted from the ultrasound common carotid ar tery images and high level knowledge from specialists were used to enhance the accuracy in decision process. The experimental results showed 97% specificity, 98% sensitivity and 99% accuracy. The proposed algorithm was required to serve the humans for efficient classification with multiple key features per images.


Currently, the development of students' personality and the cultivation of innovative talents are regarded as an important task of education for each country, the personalized teaching has become the goal of the new curriculum reform in China. With the continuous development of cloud computing technology, network cloud platform education resources are being used more and more in the teaching process, the " personalized teaching of the cloud classroom" in primary schools has gradually become the highlight for the reform and research of the basic education in Nanjing. Since it was officially launched in 2010, Nanjing has 1380 high-quality courses in the cloud classroom, trained 775 backbone teachers, explored new teaching models, accumulated a wealth of teaching cases. At the same time, in the implementation process, it also faces many problems and challenges related to educational concept, technology and application. This study use the literature design and case study method to define the relevant conceptss in analyze the teaching. The result of this study shown that the use of cloud classroom teaching can provide teachers visual expression tools for the smooth implementation of teaching, reduce the teaching burden of teachers, and provide students with a teaching environment rich in pictures and texts, stimulate learning interest and improve learning efficiency.


The present study argues that the novel Thinner than Skin is not intended to be read as a depiction of the beautiful scenery of northern Pakistan. Instead, the beauty of the landscape's surface masks the bleak/painful reality beneath. As a result, aesthetic issues in Thinner than Skin revolves around whether or not the underlying sufferings that contradict the sublime should be taken into account when appraising the creative worth of works of fiction. When reading the story from Schopenhauer's point of view, this lends new meanings and an existential difficulty to the aesthetic beauty of the aforementioned locations.


In this paper, we propose two different types of cooperative transmission protocols, referred to as spatial multiplexing with receive diversity (SMRD), that can support a full rate, i.e., one symbol transmission per each time slot. We show that the BER performance can be significantly improved with a proper design of SMRD under the AF (amplify-and-forward) mode of relaying, when there is no interference among all symbols transmitted in the same time slot. Furthermore, we consider a more practical implementation of SMRD with successive interference cancellation (SIC) to deal with co-channel interference. Our simulation result shows that the proposed transmission protocol achieves 6 dB gain over the case of noncooperation (direct transmission) without any bandwidth expansion.


An ideal DNA carrier is one that is capable of effectively condensing DNA into complexes of optimum size and shape, preventing premature de-complexation in the bloodstream, and efficiently releasing the DNA into affected cells. In this context, we have developed a novel β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) based four-arm star-shaped polymer inclusion complex (IC) with arms made of poly(L-histidine) based cationic polymer. The polymer was well characterized by GPC, NMR and MALDI-TOF MS. We have also investigated its DNA complexation and release properties. A bis-adamantane containing disulphide bond was synthesized that linked two such poly(L-histidine) containing β-CD units via guest host interactions to prepare the presented IC. Besides using the conventional steady state fluorescence spectroscopy, the ability of this IC to condense DNA to form polyplexes and their release behavior has been established by using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic technique. Thiazole orange (TO) was used for the first time as a DNA intercalating dye in the time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic study. The superior DNA condensing ability of the IC as compared to the precursor two-arm β-CD and linear poly(L-histidine) of comparable molecular weight, as confirmed by DLS, zeta potential, AFM and gel electrophoresis studies, could be attributed to a higher charge density. The IC-DNA polyplexes were found to be stable in medium similar to extracellular fluid but could efficiently release DNA in presence of 10 mM of glutathione (GSH), a concentration prevalent in intracellular fluid of cancer cells. Hence, here we have successfully demonstrated the synthesis of a novel biocompatible star-shaped inclusion complex with potential to carry and release DNA in cancer cell and also established the feasibility of using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic technique to study the complexation behavior of polycation and DNA using TO as a DNA intercalating dye.


The emissivity of plasticized poly(vinly chloride) (PVC) containing varying compositions and amounts of plasticizer was investigated. The four plasticizers examined were dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dioctyl phthalate (DOP), diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) (Phthalic acid type), and dioctyl adipate (DOA) (adipic acid type). The emmissivity of plasticized PVC film increased almost equally with the difference in the compositions between DOP and DOA. It was also clear that the emissivity of the plasticized PVC film decreased gradually with the molecular sequence length of DBP, DOP, and DIDP.


Summary The northwestern margin of Australia is a prolific hydrocarbon province, with large areas affected by volcanism and igneous intrusions, such as the outer Exmouth and Browse basins as well as parts of the Canning Basin. Volcanic features can easily be mistaken for potential hydrocarbon traps. Some have subsequently been drilled with disappointing and costly results. Proper delineation of volcanic features is therefore crucial in exploration efforts especially with current NW shelf exploration progressing in ever deeper water closer to the continent-ocean boundary. Most igneous rocks drilled on the northwest shelf consist of doleritic intrusions, basalt flows and volcaniclastics. Normally doleritic intrusions show a sharp contrast on seismic data due to their high acoustic impedance resulting in bright amplitudes on the seismic stack as seen on spectacular sill complexes on the Exmouth plateau as well as in the Canning basin. The high impedance contrast of volcanics also contributes to seismic imaging problems below the volcanic flows or intrusions, this becomes more evident when basalt flows thicken as evidenced on the North Atlantic margin. Similar potential thickening of basalt and volcaniclastic sequences is encountered on the NW edge of the Browse basin. This has important consequences for prospectivity in this region. Another common imaging problem is interbed multiple generation due to the high impedance of the volcanics. Other problems arise when volcanics have been exposed to significant weathering and subsequent burial resulting in lower impedance values, making it more difficult to distinguish them from clastic rocks. Large volcanic features such as igneous complexes and volcanoes, can mimic antiformal structures on seismic data, but can be easily de-risked by integrating gravity and magnetic data, especially by using data filtering techniques. More subtle volcanic features can be more difficult to distinguish and could be mistaken for reefs or potential hydrocarbon traps. Submerged volcanoes might also be prospective due to reefs growing on top of them as evidenced by examples from western India.


In this paper, the authors study the norm of a singular integral operator over the unit disk, which can be viewed as an another generalization of the classical Bergman projection. Here, we get the exact semi-norm and two-sided norm estimates from Essentially Bounded Function Space onto the Zygmund-type Space.


The seeds of Zanthoxylum armatum DC, on hydrodistillation, yielded 1.2% of the essential oil. The oleoresins were extracted by a Soxhlet extractor using ethanol, ethyl acetate, and isopropyl alcohol. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the essential oil resulted in the identification of 38 components, of which linalool (62%) and limonene (18.1%) were the major components. The major components of oleoresins were linoleic acid, palmitoleic acid, and linalool. The antioxidant potential of essential oil and oleoresins were evaluated by 2,2′-diphenyl picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging, Fe2+ chelating, ferric thiocyanate method, and various lipid peroxidation assays. The essential oil showed maximum antioxidant potential, whereas oleoresins showed moderate antioxidant activity. *This article is part 73 in a series on essential oils.


In an effort to keep your CEO from leaving, your board is overly generous--with salary, benefits, and perks. But if that generosity goes far beyond the norm for your region and type of organization, you could be letting your CEO and fellow trustees in for some very stiff penalties.


We demonstrate a measurement of the Higgs boson mass by the method of energy scanning at photon-photon colliders, using the high energy edge of the photon spectrum. With an integrated luminosity of 50 fb it is possible to measure the standard model Higgs mass to within 110 MeV in photon-photon collisions for mh = 100 GeV. As for the total width of the Higgs boson, the statistical error ∆Γh/Γh SM = 0.06 is expected for mh = 100 GeV, if both Γ(h → γγ) and Γ(h → bb̄) are fixed at the predicted standard model value.


Abstract Although there is a broad agreement among Kierkegaard's scholars that Assessor Wilhelm is an ethical thinker, the agreement on what kind of ethics his standpoint represents has been much harder to come by. The suggestions range from Schiller to Aristotle and from Kant to Hegel. The article contends that the apparent lack of a coherent ethical theory on Assessor Wilhelm's part is in fact part of a deliberate ethical strategy. Based on Vigilius Haufniensis' distinction between first and second ethics, it is argued that Assessor Wilhelm occupies a space in between, in which he attempts to create a dynamic for A in the direction of the so-called second ethics, and this by mainly using ironic means.


An assessment of the methods and locations used to measure the primary flow conditions in the NASA Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel was conducted during calibration activities following the facility conversion from a Freon-12 heavy-gas test medium to R-134a. A survey of stagnation pressure, plenum static pressure, and stagnation temperature was undertaken at many pertinent locations in the settling chamber, plenum, and contraction section of the wind tunnel and these measurements were compared to those of the existing primary flow measurement systems. Local flow velocities were measured in the settling chamber using a pitot probe. Results illustrate that small discrepancies exist between measured primary tunnel flow conditions and the survey measurements. These discrepancies in tunnel stagnation pressure, plenum pressure, and stagnation temperature were found to be approximately +/- 1-3 psf and 2-3 degrees Fahrenheit. The propagation of known instrument errors in measured primary flow conditions and its impact on tunnel Mach number, dynamic pressure, flow velocity, and Reynolds number have been investigated analytically and shown to require careful attention when considering the uncertainty in measured test section conditions.


Research in clinical neuropsychology continues to flourish. Over the past 17 years, the field has embraced advances in structural and functional neuroimaging techniques, theoretical constructs, and statistical models in attempts to improve the quality and generalizability of its research efforts. With keen attention to methodological issues and careful consideration of broad hypotheses and underlying concepts, research in this field can continue to meet the needs of practicing clinicians and the rigorous requirements of scientific inquiry.


The neighborhood of Poti Velho is located in the north of the city of Teresina, the confluence of the Parnaiba and Poti rivers. In this area there are several lakes with the presence of deposits of clay, whose sediments are deposited during flooding of the rivers. The presence of these catchment areas can explain the existence of craft activities production potter and ceramic artist using the clay sediments as raw material for the production of bricks, tiles, pots, pans and decorative objects. The production potter and ceramicist, this area about 50 years, is due to the traditional knowledge passed from generation to generation, and innovations in the community through bodies such as the Servico Brasileiro de Apoio as Micro e Pequenas Empresas SEBRAE.


The process of ageing is associated with structural and functional changes in the brain, with a decline in cognitive functions observed as its inevitable symptom, even in the absence of neurodegenerative changes. A body of literature suggests dopamine and noradrenaline as prominent candidate molecules to mediate these effects, however, the knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms is scarce. To fill this gap, we compared local and distant resting-state functional connectivity patterns of ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra pars compacta and locus coeruleus in healthy young (20-35 years; N = 37) and older adults (55-80 years; N = 27). Additionally, we sought long-range functional connectivity patterns of these structures associated with performance in tasks probing executive, attentional and reward functioning, as well as compared the functional coupling of the left and right substantia nigra. The results showed that each substantia nigra had stronger coupling with ipsilateral cortical and subcortical areas along with contralateral cerebellum, and that strength of functional connections of this structure with angular gyrus and lateral orbitofrontal cortex predicted the visuomotor search abilities. In turn, ageing was associated with increased local synchronisation in the ventral tegmental area, and differences in functional connectivity of the dopaminergic midbrain with numerous cortical and subcortical structures. Locus coeruleus functional coupling showed no differences between the groups and was not associated with any of the behavioural functions. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first one to report the age-related effects on midbrain local synchronisation and its connectivity with key recipients of dopaminergic innervation, such as striatum, anterior cingulate and insula.


The paper deals with historical and theoretical aspects of the institute of legal privileges as one of the tools of state legal policy.


The relation between network structure and dynamics is determinant for the behavior of complex systems in numerous domains. An important longstanding problem concerns the properties of the networks that optimize the dynamics with respect to a given performance measure. Here we show that such optimization can lead to sensitive dependence of the dynamics on the structure of the network. Specifically, we demonstrate that the stability of the dynamical state, as determined by the maximum Lyapunov exponent, can exhibit a cusp-like dependence on the number of nodes and links as well as on the size of perturbations applied to the network structure. As mechanisms underlying this sensitivity, we identify discontinuous transitions occurring in the complement of optimal networks and the prevalence of eigenvector degeneracy in these networks. These findings establish a unified characterization of networks optimized for dynamical stability in diffusively coupled systems, which we illustrate using Turing instability in activator-inhibitor systems, synchronization in power-grid networks, and several other examples. Our results suggest that the network structure of a complex system operating near an optimum can potentially be fine-tuned for a significantly enhanced stability compared to what one might expect from simple extrapolation. On the other hand, they also suggest constraints on how close to the optimum the system can be in practice. Finally, the results have potential implications for biophysical networks, which have evolved under the competing pressures of optimizing fitness while remaining robust against perturbations.


(57) Abstract: The present invention, by adding to the concrete mixture raw pigment, colored concrete bodies, to a method of manufacturing a roofing tile has been particularly colored. Is resistant to be exposed outdoors, and light, providing in particular ultraviolet, a method which makes it possible to produce a reasonable pigments colored concrete bodies price are durable against alkali and heat to propose the addition of cement compatibility of the aqueous polymer dispersion in which the organic pigment is dispersed in the concrete mixture raw. Cement-compatible polymer dispersions suitable are based on styrene and / or pure acrylate. Examples of the organic pigments phthalocyanines or quinacridones are particularly suitable.


A Problem Checklist for school children developed by Peterson (1961) has been factor analyzed and modified through study of responses by male delinquents (Quay, 1964). Factors representing ( 1 ) aggressive acting-out, (2 ) neuroticism, and ( 3 ) inadeq~lacy were identified. The present study was designed to assess the reliability of Quay's factors and to analyze the utility of the rating scale in differentiating between successes and failures among parolees from a state training school. Ss included 65 recidivists and 59 nonrecidivists rated by their parole agents. There were no differences between the groups with respect to age, IQ, and time of institutionalization. Using factor loadings from Quay (1964), 32 items clearly loaded on a single factor were scored and split-half reliability coefficients determined. The reliability of Factor 3 ( .26) was not sufficiently high to justify further analysis, but Factors 1 ( .92) and 2 (.81) seemed both reliable and independent (r lz = .21). N o difference becween groups was observed for Factor 2 (MR = 7.15, SD = 4.13; MN = 6.19, SD = 5.12), but Factor 1, aggressive acting-out, yielded a significant difference (MR = 10.34, SD = 5.89; M N = 5.12, SD = 4.69; p < .0001) . Despite the fact that recidivists were rated as being the more aggressive group, there was significant overlap in the distributions of the two groups on Factor 1, and the correlation ( r b ) between recidivism and Factor 1 was only .55. At present the reliability of Quay's inadequacy factor remains to be demonstrated. Factors 1 and 2 appear to be highly reliable measures, applicable to adolescents as well as younger children. While it appears that recidivists as a group are more aggressive but nor more neurotic than successful parolees, overlap between groups is too great to allow valid prediction of parole adjustment for individuals on the basis of rated aggressiveness.


Based on the analysis of the excellent engineer talent cultivation plan,we researched and developed a talent training program of building environment and equipment engineering specialty.Combined with the new social requirements to professional ability,we divided the traditional practice processes into three stages,including equipment manufacturing practice,equipment management practice,and equipment installation practice.We also discussed related problems in the implementation process of training mode reform of excellent engineer talent cultivation plan.


The efficiency of hydrogen production has been optimised as a function of pH and concentration of the different components of the Ru(bipy) 3 2+ /MV 2+ /EDTA/colloidal Pt model system irradiated by visible light (λ exc =453 nm). The optimum quantum yield Φ (1/2 H 2 )=0.171±0.20 is found for the following parameters: pH 5, Ru(bipy) 3 2+ 5.65×10 −5 M, MV 2+ 3×10 −3 M, EDTA 10 −1 M and colloidal Pt 1.92×10 − 5 M. Methyl viologen radical cation quantum yields have been determined under the same conditions but in the absence of Pt, and the obtained optimum value Φ (MV +. )=0.181±0.020 represents a limit for Φ (1/2 H 2 ). Hydrogen and MV +. formation yields are closely related (fig.) in the whole MV 2+ concentration range investigated which confirms a previous result where colloidal Pt was found to give an efficiency close to 100% Determination experimentale du PH et de la concentration des differents elements du systeme modele Ru(bipy) 3 2+ /MV 2+ /EDTA/Pt colloidal donnant une valeur optimale du rendement quantique de la formation d'hydrogene. Mesure dans les conditions optimales ainsi determinees du rendement quantique de formation du radical cation methyle viologene en l'absence de Pt


The evaluation of atrial scar using electrogram voltage is emerging as a promising approach to atrial fibrillation catheter ablation. However, unipolar electrograms recorded from intracardiac catheters during AF are corrupted by far-field signals from remote atrial sites and the ventricles, which results in voltage overestimation and scar underdetection. Removal of these far field signals would allow improved assessment of the local unipolar electrogram at the recording site. Most far-field removal methods consider only the ventricular far-field. In AF, the surrounding right and left atrial activity contributes to the far field and its removal has not been previously described. We present a least squares method to remove the far-field from all sources from unipolar electrograms. We tested the method on synthetic data generated from real electrograms from 80 patients undergoing AF catheter ablation. The method performed well, extracting the far-field with high accuracy.


L. Oualkacha1, L. Stour 1, A. Agoumi 2, A. Kettab 3 1Department of Process and Environment Engineering: Faculty of Sciences and Technologies of Mohammedia, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco. 2Department of Hydraulic, Environment and Climate: Hassania School of Public Works, Casablanca, Morocco. 3 Laboratory Research in Water Science: LRW-Water/ENP National, Polytechnic School El Harrach, Avenue Hassen Badi, Algiers, Algeria


This text offers an approximation to the milling of wheat in the middle of the eighteenth century with respect to its mercantile, technological and institutional nature. For this purpose, the general responses of the Catastro del Marques de la Ensenada in Palencia have been used. The hypothesis is that the conditions for obtaining flour were extremely archaic in these three dimensions, but at the same time efficient enough to guarantee the bread supply to the Castilian population without altering the status quo between the nobility, the church and the councils. However, a review of the accounts of the large wheat mills reveals that this balance started to break down around 1780, just when the new Enlightenment agricultural policy was implemented.


Current 3D crosstalk equation was defined from the characteristics of 3D display using glasses. This equation is not suitable for multi‐view 3D display with larger view number as it gives the inappropriately large value. In 3D display using eyeglass, double images occur at large depth. But, in multi‐view 3D display with larger view number, blur occurs to larger width for the larger depth. Hence, blur phenomenon of multi‐view 3D display was investigated to understand the unique characteristics of multi‐view 3D display. For this purpose, ray tracing S/W was used to simulate 3D display image seen at the designed viewing distance, to calculate the relative luminance distribution, and to quantify the relation between blur and depth. Calculated results showed that incomplete image separation caused the overlap of multiple view images and the blur. Blur edge width (BEW) was proportional to the horizontal disparity and related to the depth. BEWR = (BEW) / (binocular disparity) was newly defined, and its usefulness for 3D characterization was investigated. BEW and BEWR might be useful as new measuring items to characterize multi‐view 3D display regarding 3D crosstalk.


Local properties of Polyakov's 2D quantum gravity are closely analyzed in the perturbative way with respect to the gravitational coupling (loop expansion). The 2D general coordinate invariance of the effective action is preserved using the background field method. Its renormalizability and conformal invariance are shown. The renormalization of the gravitational coupling and redefinition of the metric (gravitational) field are explicitly done at the one-loop order. As for the case of adding the cosmological term, the renormalization of the cosmological constant and the area constant is analyzed. A new standpoint on the metric field redefinition is proposed. The generalized renormalization group function for the metric field, in addition to the usual one for the coupling, is explicitly obtained at the one-loop order. Comparison with 2D WZNW theory and with the ordinary (4D) pure quantum gravity is made.