The invention provides a motor and a drive circuit and method for the motor. The circuit comprises a controllable bidirectional AC switch and a data processing unit. The controllable bidirectional AC switch and a stator winding of the motor are connected to two ends of an external AC power supply in a series manner. The data processing unit detects a voltage zero crossing point and voltage polarity of the external AC power supply, and controls the on/off of the controllable bidirectional AC switch in a predetermined mode according to the voltage polarity of the external AC power supply and the position of the pole of a permanent magnet rotor. When the controllable bidirectional AC switch needs to be switched on according to the voltage polarity of the external AC power supply and the position of the pole of the permanent magnet rotor, a drive pulse is transmitted to the controllable bidirectional AC switch after the delay of a certain time period after the voltage zero crossing point, so as to reduce the phase difference between a current passing through the stator winding and a counter electromotive force, and to improve the power efficiency of the motor.


We investigate analytically and experimentally optical crosstalk effects in fibre-radio, systems incorporating wavelength-division multiplexing. Both in-band and out-of-band crosstalk are considered and the effect of the RF phase difference between the desired and crosstalk channels investigated. It is found that in-band incoherent crosstalk-induced power penalties are less severe than in conventional baseband transmission.


The Methanolic and Ethanolic extract of Mor us indica was screened against five different p athogens and showed significant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus , Aspergillus niger and Peni cillium . It has been observed that ethanolic extract has m aximum antibacterial activity against S.aureus (12mm). Among both solvents methanolic extracts has m aximum antifungal activity against Aspergillus (30mm) followed by Penicillium (29mm). The present study shows that mulberry (Morus indica) leaf possess antimicrobial property as well as antifungal activity.


Understanding vegetation dynamics is necessary to address potential ecological threats and develop sustainable ecosystem management at high altitudes. In this study, we revealed the spatiotemporal characteristics of vegetation growth in the Lhasa River Basin using net primary productivity (NPP) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) during the period of 2000–2005. The roles of climatic factors and specific anthropogenic activities in vegetation dynamics were also identified, including positive or negative effects and the degree of impact. The results indicated that the interannual series of NPP and NDVI in the whole basin both had a continuous increasing trend from 102 to 128 gC m−2 yr−1 and from 0.417 to 0.489 (p < 0.05), respectively. The strongest advanced trends (>2 gC m−2 yr−1 or >0.005 yr−1) were detected in mainly the southeastern and northeastern regions. Vegetation dynamics were not detected in 10% of the basin. Only 20% of vegetation dynamics were driven by climatic conditions, and precipitation was the controlling climatic factor determining vegetation growth. Accordingly, anthropogenic activities made a great difference in vegetation coverage, accounting for about 70%. The construction of urbanization and reservoir led to vegetation degradation, but the farmland practices contributed the vegetation growth. Reservoir construction had an adverse impact on vegetation within 6 km of the river, and the direct damage to vegetation was within 1 km. The impacts of urbanization were more serious than that of reservoir construction. Urban sprawl had an adverse impact on vegetation within a 6 km distance from the surrounding river and resulted in the degradation of vegetation, especially within a 3 km range. Intensive fertilization and guaranteed irrigation improved the cropland ecosystem conditions, creating a favorable effect on the accumulation of crop organic matter in a range of 5 km, with an NPP trend value of 1.2 gC m−2 yr−1. The highly intensive grazing activity forced ecological environmental pressures such that the correlation between livestock numbers and vegetation growth trend was significantly linear negative.


The durability of white Portland cement to chemical attack In terms of volume, the severest conditions that reinforced concrete structures are subjected to usually involve some form of attack by chlorides. These include marine environments, roads and bridges exposed to de-icing salt, etc. The time it takes for the chlorides to reach the reinforcement is the main parameter used to predict the service life of the concrete structures.


This paper presents the design analysis of a dual negative metamaterial inspired antenna loaded with LC resonator for 5G wireless application. The structure of the proposed metamaterial unit cell is similar to an electric field coupled LC-resonator except that a parallel inductive strip is connected to it. This resulted final design gives the negative value of permittivity and permeability with a durable negative index which improves the performance of the antenna. The proposed metamaterial antenna is designed on a FR4 substrate with a thickness of 1.575 mm and a dielectric constant of 4.3. The electrical dimensions of this antenna are 0.32 λ 0.33 λ at a low frequency of 3.43 GHz. The resulted antenna gives a dual band property with a -10dB impedance bandwidth of 12.196% and 26.935% covering the bandwidth of 3.434 GHz to 3.88 GHz and from 5.59 GHz to 7.33 GHz respectively. The realized gains at the two resonant frequencies are 2.1 dB and 3.98 dB. The improvement of the antenna performance after connecting the inductive strip parallel to the LC resonator reveals the fact that this type of modification can increase the performance of patch antenna.


The calculation of solubility of Boron and Carbon in alloys (Fe Me)2 BC, (Me = Fe, Cr, Mn, Al etc.) is made. A modified model Hume-Rothery of crystal is accepted. A method of configuration that takes into account all possible configurations of atoms Fe, Me around atoms of Boron and Carbon is used. Formulas determining solubility of Boron and Carbon alloys dependent on temperature and concentration of components of Fe, Me and energetic constants and those determining mutual influence of solubility of Boron and Carbon in alloy are obtained. The formulas assume extreme temperature dependence of solubility.


The paper begins with a brief introduction to case and case marking and a description of the Hittite corpus and the corpus of the research. The main part is devoted to the case marking of Sumerograms, an as yet unresearched and undescribed topic in Hittitology. The paper examines different possibilities for the case marking of Sumerograms on the level of the sentence and the functional value of phonetic complements. It also attempts to discern whether competition between formally case-marked and case-unmarked Sumerograms in the grammatical roles of subject and direct object was driven by grammatical factors, economy of writing or by other reasons.


The relational model, as proposed by Codd, contained the concept of relations as tables composed of tuples of single valued attributes taken from a domain. In most of the early literature this domain was assumed to consist of elementary items such as simple (atomic) values, de ned complex data types or arbitrary length binary objects. Subsequently the nested relational or nonrst normal form model allowing set-valued or relation-valued attributes was proposed. Within this model an attribute could take multiple values or complete relations as values. This paper presents a further extension to the relational model which allows domains to be de ned as a hierarchy (speci cally a lattice) of concepts, shows how di erent types of imperfect knowledge can be represented in attributes de ned over such domains, and demonstrates how lattices allow the accommodation of some forms of inductive queries. While our model is applied to at relations, many of the results given are applicable also to nested relations. Necessary extensions to the relational algebra and the query language SQL are also discussed.


The last forty years have been troubled times for American liberalism. Today, liberalism is so much on the defensive that most progressive candidates for office shy away from using the term "liberal" to describe themselves, assuming that for many Americans, "liberal" has become a dirty word. In spite of the conservative-dominated Republican Party's growing problems, liberals have found it difficult to mount a successful campaign to reestablish the dominance they once enjoyed in American politics and are now seriously divided over the best means of attempting to challenge conservatives' hold on power. Some argue that the Democratic Party must strengthen its appeal to the center by disassociating itself from the kinds of governmental activism and cultural experimentation that became associated with liberalism in the 1960s. Others contend that if liberals are ever to offer a compelling and winning alternative to Republican conservatism, they will have to return to their progressive roots and develop a comprehensive reform agenda that addresses the fundamental socio-economic problems that are creating an increasing divide between privileged and ordinary Americans. Carol A. Horton attempts to place the current plight of American liberalism in historical context by focusing on the crucial role of racial concerns in shaping liberalism's development since the Civil War. At the heart of her argument is the claim that liberalism has long been plagued by "the difficulty of creating and sustaining political movements that possess both the desire and the capacity to tackle the intertwined problems of racial and class inequality" (p. 225). This difficulty has had a long history, but it was powerfully brought to the fore by the civil rights movement of the 1960s, which not only created a white backlash that helped set the stage for a conservative resurgence, but which also created rifts among American liberals that have not yet been fully healed.


This paper describes a methodology to assess the quality of teaching using a web based tool, which has been developed and implemented in the School of Civil Engineers of the Technical University of Madrid (UPM). The software has been developed using a combination of tools freely available and widely used. Students use the Internet to fill out and send the questionnaires. Each questionnaire has three items: subjects, teachers and general comments. The system guarantees the student answers anonymity. It also assures each student can only evaluate those courses and teachers for which they are enrolled and can only evaluate them once. The evaluation results have been divulgated by a process where teachers and students right to know the results and personal data protection right have been joined. The methodology was implemented four years ago. By now there is enough evidence to verify that results have been very successful.


An access control device identification and, in particular, it is suitable for use where only users having a device / service itself needs imposed by using a device or service, or if the application checks must be performed in all those apparatus or service, can include a two-way at least a fixing portion or reader (2) and at least one mobile unit or the transponder (50) communicate with each other, for performing a low power radio transmitter of the communication, is constituted in the communication between the fixed portion and the moving portion or two-way radio antenna element (24) receive antennas of a user's body extending defined, the apparatus wherein: a fixed portion (2) and a mobile portion (50) includes a communication device, the communication device by a previously unknown, each different data encryption algorithm and the encryption key to define and apply only when the same encryption key has previously been stored in the reader or the fixed portion (2) to identify when the mobile unit (50).


The theoretics of gold evaporated coated MCP detectors'energy dependent response within 0.1~10 keV was studied.It was calculated from several aspect,such as the quantum efficiency of photocathode,the attenuation of X-ray in the channel material,the photoemission of Pb on the channel wall and the gain of MCP(Microchannel Plate).Theoretic expressions of the response of Au evaporated coated MCP as well as its simulative curve were worked out.If consider one channel only,when the gain is 1,then the response depend on the quantum efficiency of Au cathode.Else if consider the multichannel effects,the response will break at the photoinization edges of the elements of MCP channel material.Simultaneously,the relations of the MCP response to the voltage and the incidence angle are analyzed.The MCP response increases as the voltage accretion.The least incidence angle should be 3° at 900 eV.


The increasing sophistication of information security threats and the ever-growing body of regulation has made information security a critical function in organizations. Software companies and application vendors are unable to keep up with rapidly growing attacks and changing threat patters. The need for information security should be apparent and require substantial research, knowledge, and ability to design and implement an effective security program. Also, requires a great investment of time and resources. Many small and medium businesses may understand the importance of risk, but lack in grasping the severity of the problem and resources to identify it. A well analyzed and implemented information security program can reduce the damage caused by an attack by reducing the mean time to detect, contain and restore. The purpose of this paper is to present a systematic approach to conduct analysis by gathering data, implementing and monitoring the critical security controls. An effective information security process ensuring strong security posture to defend against cyber-attacks with minimum resources and open source software is the key to this research as it reduces the cost to implement and maintain the security operations center. The literature focuses on increasing cyber-attacks on organizations and how to prevent these attacks using technical countermeasures and non-technological side of information security. This research refers to CIS critical security controls (CSC) to classify data, systems and analyze risk using Qualitative and Quantitative data. Research data is collected from J & B Group Information technology team. Importance of security program is not only adopting best security processes and tools but also must be reviewed, updated and maintained on a regular basis. Continuous monitoring of security controls is driven with open source SIEM tool with minimum license and by establishing custom rules for generating offenses and alerts.


Current software tools supporting diagramming notations are not satisfactory. Editors for diagramming notations such as state transition networks, Petri nets or the entity-relationship data model, are always confronted with a problem: how much guidance should be given to the user throughout the editing task? Not enough guidance allows the diagram to evolve to nonplausible configurations and may provoke the user to feel lost in the editing process. At the other extreme, if too much guidance is provided the user feels like being shepherded through the diagram drawing; this results in an obtrusive and unfriendly system. Current tools normally offer a trade-off solution based on the introduction of some semantic constraints in the diagram editor to forbid a number of operations. To assert the correctness of the diagram, the reset must explicitly request it to be checked. I believe this solution is not satisfactory. All the semantic constraints should be embedded in the editor in order to allow automatic diagram validation. The challenge is: how to do it without limiting the user's freedom during the editing task? I propose an approach that provides a solution to this problem.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate auditory feedback for dance students on a competition team in which one peer provided auditory feedback to another peer for a selected dance movement. Some peers switched roles during the study, and increases in their performances were evaluated both as the receiver and deliverer of auditory feedback. All participants demonstrated increases in their respective target behaviors when they received auditory feedback. Several participants also displayed increases in their movements when they provided auditory feedback to their peer partner, although these increases were not as substantial as those who received feedback.


The paper discusses over four decades of urban land use changes in the Langat River Basin in response to rapid development impulses that flowed from the more developed Klang Valley where Kuala Lumpur, the Malaysian capital city is situated. It proceeds to look into the impact of those changes on the ecosystem health of the basin. Federal development policies, strategies, programs and activities have transformed the basin from an industrial agricultural basin into an urbanized area. Being contiguous to the Klang Valley, the basin rose over the decades to be a choice location for not only foreign direct investment to produce manufactured products for export but also services and educational. The paper also discusses the status of the Langat Basin ecosystem health. The change to the land use has indeed impacted on the basin ecosystem health. Using GIS, land use changes in the basin over the decades were analysed to reveal the persistent direction of change. It is clear that the trend of land use change in the Langat Basin is the conversion from one type of land use to developing urbanised and full urban areas. What is implied by the changes are indicators that can be derived to show the sustainability of the ecosystem in the Langat Basin such as river flood, mud flood, land slide, etc.


Most of the knowledge available in the Semantic Web is context dependent. Examples of contextual information that is associated with knowledge are time, topic, provenance, reliability, etc. Recently, several paradigms, tools and languages have been proposed with the aim of adding context awareness into the Semantic Web. That is, enabling representation and reasoning not only with the knowledge alone, but also with the associated contextual information. Examples include RDF quadruples, named graphs, annotated RDF, and contextualized knowledge repositories. These new paradigms introduce a new dimension into knowledge engineering: in addition to individuals, concepts, properties and their relations, we also need to define the set of contexts, and we need to "split" the knowledge between these contexts. In this paper, we propose a modeling exercise with one of the tools, for which we choose the contextualized knowledge repository. The example is complex enough to highlight many issues connected with contextualized knowledge representation, and it could possibly become the first benchmark for contextual knowledge representation tools.


Objective To analyze the intragastric bile reflux in aged people with different groups. Methods The changes of intragastric bile reflux during 24h were assessed by using ambulatory bilirubin monitoring techniques in 67 aged people(including 24 normal subjects,33 cases with reflux symptom,10 cases post gastrectomy). Analyzing the total time percentages of intragastric bile reflux,reflux areas,indexs of reflux area and average values of bilirubin in different groups. Results The total time percentages of intragastric bile reflux,reflux areas,indexs of reflux area and average values of bilirubin were significantly greater in patients with reflux symptom and post gastrectomy than those in normal subjects. There is no significantly different between patients with reflux symptom and patients with gastrectomy. Conclusions The patients with reflux symptoms and post gastrectomy showed significantly higher index of bilirubin reflux monitoring than those of patients without reflux symptoms.


lai Nikolaevich and his chief of staff Nikolai Ianushkevich, both of whom essentially sought a scapegoat for military failures at the front Fuller raises the intriguing possibility that the Austrian secret service successfully framed Miasoedov, whom they saw as an effective spy for Russia. Fuller also stresses die role of Octobrist party leader, Aleksandr Guchkov, who fought a duel widi Miasoedov and conspired for years to drive Sukhomlinov from office. Not only die moderate Guchkov, but also Aleksandr Kerenskii, Pavel Miliukov, and die liberals in general receive a harsh assessment, as people primarily driven by personal ambition and willing to destroy rivals for die sake of power. This book is a great read and a welcome addition to recent contributions and arguments by odier scholars about World War I as bodi die cause of die collapse of die old order and die crucible for die creation of new styles and types of domestic political practice diat became central to die Bolshevik regime.


Summary Parathyroid function was assessed in intact male and female rats of various ages and in young, hypophysectomized male rats by measuring gland weight and uptake of the nonmetabolized amino acid, α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB). Parathyroid weight/body weight ratio was higher in females 8 weeks and older than in males. The tissue water/serum concentration (T/S) ratio for AIB was unaffected by age, sex, or season. Hypophysectomy with or without growth-hormone treatment resulted in proportional changes in parathyroid weight and body weight and did not affect the parathyroid T/S ratio for AIB. Serum calcium concentration was constant with age while serum inorganic phosphorus concentration decreased and total protein concentration increased.


In this paper an interpretation is attempted of the reasons why correlation between economic growth and population growth in developing countries is generally not significant. It begins by reminding the reader that this absence of correlation is not inconsistent with an adverse effect of demographic growth on economic growth if it is assumed that economic growth has a positive impact on population growth. It is possible that such an effect is found in countries which are at the beginning of the demographic transition. But in countries where the transition has reached a more advanced state inccreases in the standard of living have a negative impact on population growth and thus reinforce the Malthusian effect. Evidence is put forward to show that in these countries there was a negative correlation between the growth of the gross national product per head and population growth during the period 1960-1980. These results do not prove that the Malthusian effect exists but they show that it may be concealed by an impact of economic growth on population growth which acts in the opposite direction. It is therefore essential to replace simple correlation methods by more sophisticated models. (authors) (summaries in FRE ENG SPA)


The synergic extraction of Pd(Ⅱ) from perchloric acid system with 2-hydroxyl-4-sec-n-octyl-diphenyloxime(N 530 ) and P 204 has been investigated. By the method of slope analysis, the composition of the synergic extracting complexes have been determined to be L·Pd·A. The mechanism of the synergic extraction of Pd(Ⅱ) has been proposed as follows: Pd 2+ (A) +H 2A (O) +1/2(HL) 2(O) \ =K 12 \ L·Pd·A (O) +3H + (A) Moreover, the equilibrium constants and the thermodynamic functions of the synergic reactions have been calculated.


The study of computer networks which was used by ecology has made some achievements,which were all based on the similarity between computer networks and biology,but few researchers have made analysis and description for the mapping relationship between them.The analysis and description were the basis of all research in this area.As a result,this paper proposed a network model based on ecology that was monomer and living model,proved the completeness of the model through completeness of axiom system,and used REPAST to simulate this model as well as proved the feasibility of the model.


English teachers are commonly confronted with the dilemma in the EFL classroom.However,Ellis(2009)mentioned thatless attention has been paid to this domain.The aim of this paper is to examine sources of demotivation among 17 English teachersin a vocational technical institute in China.The findings indicated that teacher demotivation is mainly attributed to six factors:thediscordance among the polarization of student language proficiency level,big class size and inappropriate course book,inhibitedteacher self-efficacy,government-mandated policy,inadequate school facilities and low student self-autonomy/self-efficacy.


The estimation of body fatness by the densitometric method assumes a constant density of the fat-free body. Water constitutes the largest single component of the fat-free body and because of its relatively low density (.9934 gm/cc at 37°C) exerts the greatest influence on the density of the fat-free body. The purpose of this study was to test the assumption that the water content of the fat-free body (% waterFFB) is constant during growth and development. The sample consisted of 292 Black and White males and females (ages 8-30 years) and was classified via maturational assessment as prepubertal, (N = 54), pubertal (N = 50), postpubertal (N = 107) and adult (N = 81). Body water was measured by deuterium oxide dilution and body density was measured by the underwater weighing method. Body water as a percentage of body weight (% water-BW) was higher ( p .05), both groups were significantly (p < .01) higher than the postpubertal and adult groups, and the postpubertal group was higher (p < .05) than the adult group. Moreover, the % water-FFB was lower (p < .05) for males (X = 73.5%) than females (X = 74.2%). No difference in % water-FFB was found between the Black and White samples. These findings suggest that the water content of the FFB is not constant during growth and development and that adult equations for estimating fat from density and other indirect methods may not be appropriate for children, overestimating fatness by at least 4%. Critical to the use of most indirect methods utilized to estimate body composition is the assumption that the content of the fat-free body (FFB) is relatively constant. Considerable evidence based on several animal species suggests that many species reach a relatively constant fat-free body composition by 4.5% of the lifespan (Moulton, 1923). These observations have been extended to the human and suggest that chemical maturity is achieved by 3-4 years of age, although the data on the human 1Physical Fitness Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 Human Biology , December 1984 , Vol. 56, No. 4, pp. 651-666. © Wayne State University Press, 1984 This content downloaded from 22.214.171.124 on Wed, 30 Mar 2016 05:19:37 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 652 R. A. Boileau et al. are limited to fetuses, infants and adults. The concept that children reach their chemical maturity early in life has been fundamental to the study of body composition in children and youth. As a result, methods validated on adults have been applied to children and thereby assume the child to be chemically mature. However, there is reason to question the extent of chemical maturity in children, since children, unlike nonprimate mammals, have a relatively long growth phase prior to puberty. Further, there is empirical evidence, although extremely limited, suggesting that the content of the FFB may not be stable with respect to the proportions of water and mineral (Heald et al. 1963; Young et al. 1968). The water content of the human body typically ranges from 55-65% body weight (BW) for both children and adults, but this range may be considerably wider depending on body fatness (Keys and Brozek, 1953; Novak, 1966; Mellits and Cheek, 1968; Schutte, 1980). Friis-Hansen (1961) has shown that the water content of body weight decreases sharply from 78% at birth to about 60% at one year of age, and although some variation may be found in children ages 1-3 years, the adult value of about 60% is generally maintained thereafter. Body water is almost exclusively associated with the fat-free body, of which it is the largest single component. The water content of the FFB exerts a significant influence on the density of the FFB because of the relatively low density of water with respect to the protein and mineral fractions. Thus, change in the water content of the FFB from the generally accepted 73% affects the conceptual basis of FFB estimation by hydrometry and body potassium. Although evidence is limited, there is indication that the hydration of the FFB may not be constant. Computation on the data provided by Heald et al. (1963) of 12-18 year old boys and Young et al. (1968) on 9-17 year old girls suggests that the water content of the FFB may be higher by 4-5% in prepubescence and pubescence than in adulthood. However, definitive estimates of the water content of the FFB can not be made due to the lack of a substantial data base at the present time. There is a need to further quantify the body water content of children and to test the hypothesis that children are chemically mature with respect to the water content of the FFB. The purpose of this study is to report on the water content of the FFB in children at several levels of maturation as compared with adults. Materials and Methods The subjects are 292 males and females ranging in age from 8-30 years. Samples of subjects were drawn from two geographical locations, This content downloaded from 22.214.171.124 on Wed, 30 Mar 2016 05:19:37 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Hydration of the Fat-Free Body in Children During Maturation 653 Champaign-Urbana, IL (N = 164) and Tucson, AZ (N = 128) and included Blacks (N = 111) and Whites (N = 181) primarily representing a middle socioeconomic background. Selection of the subject pool also considered the maturational level of the subjects to allow analysis of prepubertal, pubertal, postpubertal and adult samples by sex and race. A medical history and examination were taken on each subject prior to participation in the study at which time the maturational level was determined. The Tanner Scale (1962) of pubertal stage development was used to classify each subject as prepubescent (stages 1 and 2), pubescent (stage 3), postpubescent (stages 4 and 5) or adult (stage 6 and higher). The number of subjects in each maturational level, sex and race is presented in Table 1. The project was approved by both University of Illinois and University of Arizona Institutional Review Boards. Written informed consent was obtained from each subject, and for children (< 18 years), each child and guardian consented prior to participation. The primary measurements of body density (DB) and total body water (TBW) were made on the same day with the subjects in a four-hour postprandial state. Height (HT) and weight (BW) were measured at this time as well. Body density was measured by underwater weighing with body volume estimated from underwater weight corrected for pulmonary residual volume (Buskirk, 1961). The specific procedures employed for the underwater weighing measurements are described elsewhere for the IL and AZ samples (Lohman et al. 1978; Wilmore and Behnke, 1969). Residual lung volumes were measured by a closed-circuit oxygen dilution technique as described by Wilmore (1969). For the IL sample, residual volume measurements were made while the subject was submerged in water simultaneous with the underwater weight, whereas the residual volume for the AZ sample was measured out of the water in the position adopted for underwater weighing. The technical error for DB associated with the procedure and instrumentation based on repeated measurements of the subjects on the same day was found to be 0.0020 gm/cc for children (N = 15) and 0.0018 gm/cc for adults (N = 6). Total body water (TBW) was measured by deuterium oxide (D20) dilution (Schloerb et al. 1950). A control urine specimen was collected from each subject prior to the oral ingestion of a known quantity of D20 (.2-. 5 gm/kg BW). Serial urine samples were collected at 2 and 3 hour intervals after the D20 administration. It has been reported that D20 equilibrates in the body water space within a three hour period (Schloerb et al. 1950; Novak, 1966; Boileau et al. 1971). Urine samples were stored frozen until assayed. Prior to analysis the samples were double vacuumThis content downloaded from 18.104.22.168 on Wed, 30 Mar 2016 05:19:37 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 654 R. A. Boileau et al.


Indeno[1,2-c]chromene-6,11-dione was prepared using the readily obtainable starting materials via the condensation of dimethyl homophthalate with 2,6-dichlorobenzaldehyde in the presence of sodium hydride in dry benzene followed by saponification and cyclisation with concentrated sulfuric acid at 0°C. The tendency of indeno[1,2-c]chromene-6,11-dione for undergoing nucleophilic addition has been tested by reaction with nitrogen nucleophiles such as hydrazine hydrate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, ethyl carbazate, cyanoacetic acid hydrazide, thiosemicarbazide and 4-methylbenzenesulfonohydrazide. The IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectra of the synthesised compounds are discussed.


BACKGROUND
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) are associated with increased risk of stroke and mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Many episodes of new-onset AF/AFL (NOAF) occur after hospital discharge and may not be clinically apparent. Pacemakers can detect subclinical episodes of rapid atrial rate, which correlate with electrocardiographically documented AF.

METHODS
From 2012 to 2017, patients who underwent pacemaker implantation after TAVR were reviewed, and pacemaker data from device checks were analyzed for detection of NOAF. Patients with prior AF/AFL were excluded. Secondary outcomes were mortality and ischemic stroke.

RESULTS
A total of 172 patients underwent TAVR and pacemaker implantation, and 95 were without pre-existent AF/AFL. Over a median follow-up of 15 months, a total of 24 patients had NOAF (25%), of which 10 patients (10.5%) had manifest NOAF detected on electrocardiography, and 14 patients (14.7%) had subclinical NOAF first identified on device interrogation. The cumulative incidence of mortality was 16.7% for NOAF and 15.5% for normal sinus rhythm (P=.83). The cumulative incidence of stroke was 12.5% for NOAF and 1.4% for normal sinus rhythm (P=.04). Subclinical NOAF patients were less likely to be started on anticoagulation compared with manifest NOAF patients (70% vs 15.3%, respectively; P=.02).

CONCLUSION
Subclinical NOAF is common after TAVR, usually occurs months after hospital discharge, and is associated with lack of anticoagulation therapy and increased risk of stroke. Prolonged surveillance of subclinical NOAF may be warranted after TAVR.


(TNFR) superfamily initiate intracellular signaling by Of the other TRAF family members, TRAF1, 3, and 5 recruiting TNFR-associated factors (TRAFs) through have similar patterns of receptor binding specificity as their cytoplasmic tails. TRAFs apparently recognize TRAF2. TRAF6 was identified by its involvement in the highly diverse receptor sequences. Crystal structures IL-1 receptor signaling pathway (Cao et al., 1996) and of the TRAF domain of human TRAF2 in complex with by using CD40 in a yeast two-hybrid screen (Ishida et peptides from the TNFR family members CD40, CD30, al., 1996a). Since then it has also been shown to interact Ox40, 4-1BB, and the EBV oncoprotein LMP1 revealed directly with several other TNFRs, such as RANK and a conserved binding mode. A major TRAF2-binding the p75 NGF receptor (Darnay et al. with any receptors, which may be consistent with its structural analysis, which encompass all known TRAF2-proposed nuclear localization (Regnier et al., 1995). binding sequences. The structural information pro-Targeted gene disruption experiments have estab-vides a template for the further dissection of receptor lished the important biological roles of TRAFs. Mice binding specificity of TRAF2 and for the understand-deficient in TRAF2, TRAF3, or TRAF6 have increased ing of the complexity of TRAF-mediated signal trans-The extracellular domains of the TNFRs share exten-in caspase activation. In contrast, the majority of TNFRs sive sequence homology and bind to a family of homolo-recruit the TNFR-associated factor (TRAF) family of in-gous TNF-like cytokines. These cytokines are intrinsi-tracellular adapter molecules to promote cell survival cally trimeric and activate the receptors by trimerizing by the activation of downstream protein kinase cas-the bound receptor molecules. This extracellular recog-cades and, ultimately, transcription factors in the NF-nition has been demonstrated by the crystal structure ␬B and AP-1 family (for review, see Arch et al., 1998). of the complex between the ligand LT␣ and the TNF-These transcription factors can then turn on numerous R1 receptor (Banner et al., 1993). genes involved in immune, inflammatory, and acute The intracellular domains of TRAF-interacting TNFRs phase responses, as well as in sustaining proliferation do not possess recognizable similarity in primary se-during tumorigenesis. The constitutive recruitment of quences. A series of studies have identified short linear TRAFs by the EBV oncoprotein LMP1 is an important TRAF-binding sites that are generally less than 20 component for EBV to potentiate growth and transfor-residues in length, even though the entire intracellular mation (Devergne et al., 1996; Kaye et al., 1996). domains …


ABSTRACT Narrative Practice (NP) seeks to help clients author a new narrative about themselves by investigating the history of their values; it is a journey from reflective explorations to preferred identity expressions. This article is an autoethnographic study of a narrative practitioner's experience throughout the past decade. The study identified how the practice has adopted technology and how technology has, in turn, shaped the practice. It unearthed four potential technique extension domains: i) setting contexts, ii) utilising communication modalities, iii) designing data capture and comprehension methods, and iv) circulating preferred narratives. The conclusion section discusses implications for further development.


A method of venting smoke and cleaning and desulfurizing a furnace using sea water and a filler and a cleaning device utilizing the same. The method comprises: guiding furnace smoke and sea water into a cleaning device; cleaning the smoke using the sea water in the cleaning device; expelling the cleaned and purified smoke and used sea water out of the cleaning device; passing the expelled acidic sea water through a sea water quality restoration device (16) and then discharging an output thereof into the sea; wherein the step of cleaning the smoke using the sea water in the cleaning device comprises cleaning using a filler by passing through a filler layer (8) in the cleaning device; and the cleaning device comprises the filler layer (8) having a dry packing factor ranging from 20 to 1000/m.


Abstract Histomonas meleagridis, the causative agent of histomoniasis, is a protozoan parasite classified in the Dientamoebidae (order Tritrichomonadida). The &agr;-tubulin gene of 7 H. meleagridis isolates originating from either domestic chickens or turkeys from the United States was amplified by nested PCR and sequenced. A 91.4–99.8% nucleotide identity was shared among the 7 different sequences, and phylogenetic analysis disclosed that the 7 isolates were divided into at least 3 clades. These sequences had a 91–99% nucleotide identity and a 96–100% amino acid identity compared with 3 H. meleagridis &agr;-tubulin sequences obtained from isolates originating from turkeys in Germany. Further &agr;-tubulin gene analysis from species in the Dientamoebidae will be useful in elucidating the evolutionary relationship of these protozoans.


This paper addresses optimization of radio resource allocation for downlink Multiple Output-Orthogonal Division Multiple Access) Systems. It has an objective of maximizing the total system capacity and proportional fairness. The proposed algorithm determines the shortest path of subcarrier to each user and then handing over subcarrier to each user. The optimization methods used for radio resource allocation are Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Subcarrier Allocation (SA) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). Simulation results show that the proposed optimization algorithm provides better performance by increased channel capacity and better fairness among users.


16 parents with offspring with ID were interviewed, using a guide that asks for their experiences of the naming the ID-diagnosis, of different labels that have been used, of how labels have changed during the last half century, of how they explain label-changes, and of whether some of the explanations might be considered substantial. Generally there is an overlap with findings of similar studies among professionals. However, parents add new nuances and emphasize in a more thorough way the substantiality of two causal explanations of the changes: the impact of ethical training and the influence of users


Indigo carmine has been widely used in the clinic and its safety has been proven, but adverse reactions have been continuously reported [1-3]. We encountered a case of accidental extravasation of indigo carmine into a patient's forearm during general anesthesia.

A 72-year-old, 56 kg, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status II man was scheduled for robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. His medical history was significant for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and he had no known allergies. He arrived in the operating room with an 18-gauge peripheral intravenous (IV) line in his left forearm. Noninvasive blood pressure cuff, electrocardiography and pulse oximetry were applied. The pulse oximetry was applied on his right index finger. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental (275 mg) and rocuronium (50 mg), and endotracheal intubation was performed. Then, a 16-gauge peripheral IV line was placed in the right forearm and a radial arterial catheter was placed in the left radial artery. IV lines were working well and there were no swellings surrounding the IV insertion site. The patient position was lithotomy with Trendelenburg (30°) and both arms were placed beside the patient's body. Both arms were wrapped with a cotton roll to prevent hypothermia during surgery and were firmly attached to the bed using plaster.

Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and continuous infusion of remifentanil. Remifentanil was infused through the left IV line. Hartmann's solution was administered through the same line at a rate of 200 ml/hour and normal saline was infused in the right IV line at a rate of 100 ml/hour.

Two hours after induction, 5 ml of 0.8% indigo carmine (40 mg) was administered to the right side IV line according to the surgeon's request. However, 30 minutes after the injection of dye, the effect was not seen in the operating field, so the surgeon requested a repeated dose of indigo carmine injection. When we tried to inject the second time, we noticed that fluid administration via the right side IV line was slow. We tried to confirm the patency of the IV line by injecting a bolus of 10 ml of normal saline but the speed of fluid administration did not increase. Suspecting a block in the IV line, no more fluid was administered. The patient's arm was covered and underneath the operation field, and therefore approach to it was difficult. There were no change in the wave of the pulse oximetry and total fluid administered through that IV was 200 ml so we deduced that compartment syndrome did not occur. The indigo carmine was administered via the left side IV line and 5 minutes later the dye was confirmed at the surgical field.

The surgery ended approximately 3.5 hour after the first dye injection. During the operation the patient's blood pressure, heart rate and peripheral oxygen saturation were within normal range. Also, the arterial blood gas analysis implemented after the second dye injection were within normal range. The patient was awakened and trachea extubation was done. After the surgical drapes were removed, we noticed that the entire right forearm was blue and swollen. The range of discoloration was from the elbow to the dorsal part of the hand and the discoloration was distinct around the venous line (Fig. 1A).

Fig. 1

Right forearm showing discoloration with indigo carmine. Arrow identifies the site of where the 16-gauge catheter was inserted (A). The black lines are the demarcation lines of the borders (B).

We did not have any prior information about the management of dye's extravasation, so we contacted the hospital pharmacy. While waiting for the answer, we transferred the patient to the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) and drew demarcation lines at the borders, applied an elastic bandage and elevated the affected arm. Motor and sensory function examinations were normal. The patient did not express any pain or discomfort. Cyanosis or dyspnea was not shown, so additional blood tests were not performed. Soon after, the hospital pharmacy informed that there had been a similar case before and that the discoloration resolved in 48 hours, but they did not know about tissue toxicity or delayed adverse reactions. In the PACU, we noticed that the discoloration started to disappear in a gravity-dependent fashion. We decided to observe the patient in the ward. Fifteen hours after transferring the patient to the ward, the discoloration disappeared and after 24 hours, it was completely reabsorbed (Fig. 1B).

O'Hara et al. [3] reported discoloration of the entire forearm after IV indigo carmine and total recovery in 48 hours in a patient who received vaginal hysterectomy. After arm elevation, the discoloration started to disappear from the elevated area, 24 hours later almost all the discoloration disappeared and after 48 hours, the discoloration was unnoticeable.

In our case, the discoloration disappeared within 24 hours without tissue toxicity or delayed adverse reaction. We can postulate that a larger amount of the dye had been extravasated than the report of O'Hara because they confirmed a change in the color of urine but we did not detect it. That means the dye failed to circulate the cardiovascular system and extravasated mostly to the subcutaneous area. Nevertheless, the reason why the discoloration in our case resolved in a short amount of time might be due to the relative height of the forearm and the heart. The patient's position was Trendelenburg (30°), so the patient's arm was located higher than the heart. Therefore, we assume that a large amount of the dye that had been extravasated had already been absorbed before we identified the discoloration of the patient.

Results of recent studies showed that conventional amounts of methylene blue dye used in chromoendoscopy and sentinel lymph node biopsy caused DNA damage but indigo carmine did not [4,5]. However, case reports of adverse reactions after IV or subareolar administration of indigo carmine have been reported. The adverse reactions were hypotension, hypoxemia and increased levels of methemoglobin [1,2].

Thus, when there is an event of extravasation with indigo carmine subcutaneously, close observation precedes all others. After confirming that complications do not occur, reassurance to the patient that the discoloration will absorb naturally in 24-48 hours is recommended.


Methods and communication strategy are needed in order to form the safe attitude and behavior of the HIV/AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) prevention target group, of which the character, situation, and condition of the target group have become an important attention and consideration for Field Officer for the effectiveness of activity. BCC is a communication tools on behavior change that is developed on HIV/AIDS prevention program. The FGD of the consultant team with field officer shows that almost all the Field Officers of the institutions in implementing HIV/AIDS prevention programs, have not been fully able to produce and utilize BCC campaign media due to skill constraints. This paper provides an understanding on how to produce the right online media, as well as to utilize communication technology which is affordable and easy in supporting Field Officer's role and function on the prevention of HIV/AIDS. In addition to producing BCC campaign media, this activity also carries out facilitation in the form of counseling and monitoring the activity's result process. Ikatan Gay Malang (IGAMA) dan Waria Malang Raya Peduli AIDS (WAMARAPA) have become partners in this community development activity. After training and mentoring, the Field Officers are expected to be able to utilize new media, especially Facebook, WA (WhatsApp), and BBM (BlackBerry Messenger) to conduct BCC campaign of HIV/AIDS prevention based on netiquette. Keywords : Campaign, BCC, New Media, HIV/AIDS


Medical foundation class has many characteristics such as more concepts,terminologies,content and faster knowledge update.During the construction of fine-designed courses,there are some problems like students has less school time,more classes be slashing,theory and practice teaching process can't materialize higher vocational education characteristics; we are facing lot of difficulties,hard to choose teaching content,hard to achieve integration of "teach learn do".Based on the working process of the teaching design,projects and tasks driver,work and learning alternately,characteristic and innovation and some others important difficulties,the course of fine-designed courses construction of medical foundation class should not follow the judge standards formally,should pay more attention on how to creating characteristic in professional course services.

Key words:
Higher vocational education;  Basic medicine;  Fine-designed courses construction; Problem ;  Difficulties ;  Thinking


Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the ACS patient The current management strategy of acute coronary syndromes aims at symptoms relief as well as at specifically antagonizing each of the different pathogenic components of myocardial ischemia, including the pro-thrombotic state, poor coronary flow and myocardial damage. Different approaches are available, including revascularization procedures and pharmacological interventions. Various anti-anginal, anti-thrombotic and anti-coagulant drugs can be used according to individual features and needs, as well as secondary prevention measures based on statin use and ACE-inhibition. The appropriate use of available measures is crucial to reduce mortality and improve long-term prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes.


The firewall paradox for black holes is often viewed as indicating a conflict between unitarity and the equivalence principle. We elucidate how the paradox manifests as a limitation of semiclassical theory, rather than presents a conflict between fundamental principles. Two principal features of the fundamental and semiclassical theories address two versions of the paradox: the entanglement and typicality arguments. First, the physical Hilbert space describing excitations on a fixed black hole background in the semiclassical theory is exponentially smaller than the number of physical states in the fundamental theory of quantum gravity. Second, in addition to the Hilbert space for physical excitations, the semiclassical theory possesses an unphysically large Fock space built by creation and annihilation operators on the fixed black hole background. Understanding these features not only eliminates the necessity of firewalls but also leads to a new picture of Hawking emission contrasting pair creation at the horizon. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP 3 .


FIELD: oil and gas industry. SUBSTANCE: downhole tool includes a tubular body, a swelling element located around tubular body, and at least one O-ring located around tubular body between tubular body and swelling element, and is harder than the swelling element. EFFECT: prevention of undesired leakage of downhole fluid medium and improvement of retaining and sealing abilities of downhole tool. 20 cl, 4 dwg


The great improvement in the survival of young people with cystic fibrosis over the past few decades means that most children with this disease now survive to face the challenges of adolescent and adult life.1 Little attention, however, has been paid to the reproductive health problems in these young people. In particular, women with cystic fibrosis may be at increased risk of vulvovaginal candidiasis because of frequent use of systemic antibiotics and a relatively high prevalence of diabetes mellitus. We report the rate of vulvovaginal candidiasis in young women with and without cystic fibrosis.

Women aged 18 years and over who attended the cystic fibrosis service at our hospital or the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia, were invited to complete a …


Mitosis in the wheat pathogen Tilletia caries (Basidiomycota, Tilletiales) was investigated by electron microscopy of serially sectioned, fast-frozen, freeze-substituted mitotic cells called ballistospores. A duplicated spindle pole body consisting of two identical, three-layered globular elements connected by a middle piece was attached to the extranuclear face of each nucleus at interphase. During mitosis, astral and spindle microtubules radiated from the globular elements that form the poles of an intranuclear spindle. At metaphase, chromosomes were interspersed with the nonkinetochore microtubules, and they were spread along the central two-thirds of the spindle. Each chromatid was attached to a spindle pole by a single, continuous, kinetochore microtubule. Postmitotic replication of the spindle pole body occurred during late telophase to interphase. Results from this study are presented in the form of a model of the mitotic spindle pole body cycle in Tilletia, and this model is compared with the one ...


Steel bars′ corrosion is one of the most important factors that influence durability of reinforced concrete structures or members.Corroded bars(especially with unsymmetrical corrosion pits) under fatigue loads make deterioration of their own behavior greatly.Experimental research of 32 specimens has been done and the influence of corrosion pits(macro battery corrosion) on fatigue performance of steel bars is studied in this paper.As a result of experimental investigation influence on remained static strength of bars has been analyzed and the deterioration of parameter C in S-N curve of steel bars with corrosion pits used in building construction has been established.This will be used in evaluation on fatigue behavior of corroded bars used in reinforced concrete structures.


We give bounds for the Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity of the so-called sequentially κ-Buchsbaum modules and of the canonical modules of certain rings.


Electrolysis‐based hydrogen production can play a significant role in industrial decarbonization, and its economic competitiveness can be promoted by designing demand response operating schemes. Nevertheless, the scale of industrial supply plants may be significantly large (on the order of gigawatts), meaning that electricity prices cannot be treated as an input for scheduling problems, that is, the "price taker" approach. This article presents a framework for the optimization of a large‐scale, electricity‐powered hydrogen production facility considering its integration with the power grid. Using a computational case study, we present an iterative scheme for integrating the process model with a model for power grid optimization and capacity expansion, taking the popular GenX model as an example.


Acknowledgments.Introduction: Greenblatt and New Historicism.Part One: Culture and New Historicism.1 Culture.2 Towards a Poetics of Culture.3 The Touch of the Real.Part Two: Renaissance Studies.4 The Wound in the Wall.5 Marvelous Possessions.Part Three: Shakespeare Studies.6 Invisible Bullets.7 The Improvisation of Power.8 Shakespeare and the Exorcists.9 Martial Law in the Land of Cocaigne.Part Four: Occasional Pieces.10 Prologue to Hamlet in Purgatory.11 China: Visiting Rites.12 China: Visiting Rites (II).13 Laos is Open.14 Story-Telling.Stephen Greenblatt: A Bibliography (1965-2003), compiled by Gustavo P. Secchi.Index


Objective:To describe CT features and assess the value of dynamic multiphasic spiral CT in evaluating intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC).Methods:12 cases of suspicious ICC underwent dynamic multiphasic spiral CT.CT features were analyzed and differential diagnosis were discussed.Results:The main CT features were:1.low density lesion with spot like calcification and ill-defined margin on plain scan;2.mild enhancement of the lesion in arterial phase and portal-venous phase;3.in delayed scan there was progressive enhancement from periphery to center,but some of lesions had no or only mild enhancement in the center.At last the density of the lesion was higher than that of normal liver,and this was a very important diagnostic sign;4.cholangiectasis around the lesion.All cases were confirmed by operation and pathology.Conclusion:Dynamic multiphasic spiral CT scan if of great value in diagnosis of ICC.


At the turn of the millennium, the two most rapidly developing fields of modern linguistics are Cognitive Linguistics (CL) and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). Both fields are relatively new and innovative. Both claim to offer a radical new direction for the study of language and communication, and both effect this by widening the traditional conception of language as an area of study in itself. Both have arisen out of interdisciplinary studies with linguistics at the core, and both are characterised by the missionary zeal of their proponents and their sense of the inadequacies of other approaches to language. This paper asks whether the two disciplines share any common ground, and whether any synthesis or at least accommodation is possible between them. The reason for this inquiry is partly to use the comparative method to highlight whether there are any proper or peculiar domains to which each discipline belongs, and partly to use the occasion of the comparison to investigate some of the claims made within each discipline.


The utility model discloses a combined type automobile engine silencing purifier, comprising a flue, a connection part and a purifying cavity which are sequentially connected. The flue comprises an intake port, a casing and a helical type inner casing; the inner casing is internally provided with a flue main shaft and can rotate around the main shaft; the helical type inner casing is provided with a plurality of bailer installation plates which are combined into a whole body; a plurality of bailers are arranged on the bailer installation plates; the tail end of the flue is connected with a sound absorbing baffle which is longitudinally arranged; the sound absorbing baffle is provided with a plurality of through holes; the connection part is internally provided with an impeller and an ozone generator; and the tail end of the main shaft is connected with the impeller. The combined type automobile engine silencing purifier can introduce flowing air to blow the working impeller to provide power for the rotation of the helical flue, and simultaneously introduce ozone to purify the harmful gas in the tail gas, the combined type automobile engine silencing purifier further can introduce fresh air via a check valve to carry out second oxidation to lighten the harmful substances in the tail gas and clean and enable the tail gas to become nuisanceless oxidized tail gas which is up-to-standard emission; and the utility model has simple structure, convenience, practicality, low cost and good effect.


In the granular composition of concrete, the quantity and quality of fine elements are important characteristics of fresh and hardened state. The objective of the present work is the examination of the effect of these fine particles contained in the sand on the compressive strength and the shrinkage of a ordinary concrete, in this context and given the difficulty of choosing a good concrete sand, an experimental study focuses on two sands of different origin and nature, namely the crushed sand which is rich in fine elements and sand of river that is low in fine elements. The two sands were reconstructed to obtain a recommended size (fineness modulus = 2.8) to formulate a concrete character standardized, several concrete mixtures were made with a cement content (C=375 kg/m) and a ratio (W / C = 0.54). Series of cylindrical and prismatic specimens, which will be to follow the evolution of the compressive strength and shrinkage of concrete. We end with the interpretation of the results obtained to input the desired characteristics and to compare the two sands, to conclude that the crushed sand gives better results.


Objective To investigate the effect of holmium laser urethrotomy under ureteroscopy on urethral stricture.Methods Twenty-three cases with urethral stricture which length ranged from 0.8-1.5 cm accepted urethrotomy with holmium laser under ureteroscopy.The therapeutic effect and complication were observed.Results Operation was performed successfully in 21 cases;2 cases were reopererated.All cases were followed up for 3-24 months,and 2 of them need urethral dilatation termly.Conclusion Endoscopic surgery with ureteroscopy and holmium laser supply an effective method for urethral stricture with slight trauma.


A 2D high-precision motion unit plays an important role in an automatic optical inspection (AOI) system, and its positioning accuracy and speed have an decisive effect on the inspection accuracy, efficiency and stability of the AOI system, but the present AOI systems cannot ensure the high speed and high-precision at the same time. To solve this problem, an automatic optical platform is developed, using the whole-closed-loop, fast, high-precision positioning technology to construct the mathematical models of its motion control unit, including models of current loop, velocity loop and position loop from inside to outside. Experiments were made on the motion platform using a laser interferometer. Experimental results show that the 2D motion platform can be used to reach a scanning speed of 20m/s and a positioning accuracy of 9ìm in a work area of 300mm * 3000mm with a load of 5kg.


The Electrical Engineering undergraduate programme at Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay (IIT-B) gives students an exposure to power engineering subjects, while the department offers a specialization in Power Electronics and Power Systems at the graduate level. Whereas the laboratories in power engineering are an integral part of both programmes, traditional power engineering laboratories, i.e., machines, power electronics and power systems have undergone changes in style and content, and in line with the new developments in the field. This paper describes the salient features of the instructional laboratories at IIT-B.


The Bulgarian Encyclopedia Scientific Information Centre is a constituent part of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, responsible for the compilation and publication of encyclopedias and encyclopedic reference books. Its work follows the tradition of encyclopedic knowledge in Bulgarian culture dating back to medieval collections from the court of Tsar Simeon I in the 9th to 10th centuries. Encyclopedic content is also contained in the first Bulgarian schoolbook, published in 1824, and in the growing interest in reference publications before and after the liberation of Bulgaria from the Ottoman Empire in 1878. The first Bulgarian general encyclopedia, the Encyclopedic Dictionary, was published in 1899–1907, followed by the popular Bulgarian Encyclopedia A-Ya in 1936. A specialised unit for the preparation of encyclopedias and encyclopedic reference literature was established at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in 1955 under the name Bulgarian Encyclopedia, and was renamed the Bulgarian Encyclopaedia Scientific Information Centre in 2003. The Centre's mission is to disseminate scientific knowledge widely and in an accessible form. The Centre's main activities include the compilation and preparation of general one-volume and multi-volume encyclopedias, the development of methodological guidelines and technologies for new publications, the preparation of thematic vocabularies of the articles and illustrations of the editions, and editorial and compiling work. The publications of the Bulgarian Encyclopedia Scientific Information Centre are of a high academic level, and the editorial and compilation work is carried out by experienced scientific encyclopedic editors, which guarantees the high professional standards of the publications. Multiple editions of the Bulgarian Encyclopedia have been published, covering a wide range of topics such as history, science, culture, and more. The Centre has also published thematic encyclopedias and electronic versions of its work, and collaborates with various organisations and publishers to continue its responsible activity of national importance


In this paper, the four principles for the risk allocation in the new red book, i.e. the risk share principle, the most controllable principle, taking both loss and interest principle, and the sincere cooperation principle, are first induced. Then the six types of risk allocations between the employer and the contractor in the new red book are discussed. They are the contract in-advance termination risk, the out-of-control progress risk, the out-of-control cost risk, the out-of-control quality risk, the injury and death risk, and the loss risk of the works, goods and contractor's documents.


The development and maintenance of complex software systems, with ever-changing requirements has benefited from the implementation of design patterns, which ensure a higher degree of maintainability. The present article illustrates the essential role of design patterns in sketching the software architecture for an electric vehicle charging management platform. We have integrated a series of design patterns to create a solid base structure for the API (Application Programming Interface). Furthermore, we have explored cloud design patterns in the deployment process to ensure a proper multi-tenant cloud application with the best possible tenant isolation for the cost. The aim of this paper is to offer readers an introduction in the case study theme, to describe a complex platform development through design patterns. With proper examples from real projects debated in the industry. The paper demonstrates the design patterns applicability from software level to cloud resources plan and advocates for a high-quality solution in every segment of project development. In conclusion, the results are promising, and the functionality of the established methods on this type of platforms will be evaluated during the implementation period. Overall, design patterns have proven to be essential in the development process, ensuring effective team communication and the delivery of qualitative software solutions.


My research lies in the area of Natural Language Processing (NLP), a highly interdisciplinary field of study comprising of concepts and ideas from Artificial Intelligence, Linguistic Theory and Statistics. Naturally occurring instances of human language, be it text or speech, are growing at an exponential rate given the popularity of the Web and social media. In addition, people are increasingly becoming more and more reliant on their computers to search, filter, process and, in some cases, even understand the subset of such instances they encounter in their daily lives. Given both these factors, I believe that NLP as an area of scholarly exploration has never been more relevant than it is today.


We present a detailed microscopic theory of the conserved spin current which is introduced by us [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 076604 (2006)] and satisfies the spin continuity equation even for spin-orbit coupled systems. The spin-transport coefficients sigma(s)(mu nu) as a response to the electric field are shown to consist of two parts, i.e., the conventional part sigma(s0)(mu nu) and the spin-torque-dipole correction sigma(s tau)(mu nu). As one key result, an Onsager relation between sigma(s)(mu nu) and other kinds of transport coefficients is shown. The expression for sigma(s)(mu nu) in terms of single-particle Bloch states is derived, by use of which we study the conserved spin-Hall conductivity in the two-dimensional hole gas modeled by a combined Luttinger and space-inversion asymmetric Rashba spin-orbit coupling. It is shown that the two components in spin-Hall conductivity usually have the opposite contributions. While in the absence of Rashba spin splitting the spin-Hall transport is dominated by the conventional contribution, the presence of Rashba spin splitting stirs up a large enhancement of the spin-torque-dipole correction, leading to an overall sign change for the total spin-Hall conductivity. Furthermore, an approximate two-band calculation and the subsequent comparison with the exact four-band results are given, which reveals that the coupling between the heavy-hole and light-hole bands should be taken into account for strong Rashba spin splitting.


A limited study to determine whether automatic discharge controls for salt and abrasive spreaders exhibit performance characteristics superior to those of conventional manual controls is described. Only a long-term investigation could accurately predict actual savings, but the study gave the order of magnitude of potential savings. Manual controls now used to maintain desired spreading rates were found to provide some potential savings over no controls, but savings provided by using automatic controls were much greater because of considerable improvement in the uniformity of spreading. In every case, the automatic system showed significant materials savings in comparison with the manual system. The automatic system did a much better job of eliminating areas of overspreading and underspreading--especially when the speed history of a truck varied considerably. The automatic system will maximize the safety and uniformity of driving conditions for the public and minimize environmental damage and unnecessary expense to the taxpayer. /Author/


We review in detail the derivation of the dielectric response function of a noninteracting system of spin-1/2 fermions in the random-phase approximation. Results for the response function of a Fermi gas in one, two and three dimensions can be obtained in closed form, and represent the baseline for developing a pedagogical understanding of the effect of correlations on the response functions in interacting systems of fermions.


Effective front-end planning (FEP) has repeatedly been shown in past research to positively affect project outcomes. The results of poor FEP for a single project can potentially have a devastating and long-lasting effect on an individual organization. Since the economic world is becoming quite "flat" and extremely competitive, one question that can be asked is: why are there organizations with ineffective front-end planning strategies or none at all in this global economy? Members of the Construction Industry Institute (CII) were surveyed to identify barriers to effective front-end project planning, with 59 organizations responding. Common barriers such as lack of adequate resources will be discussed in this paper. Over 70 percent of respondents use at least one CII-developed FEP tool in their planning process and the use of tools has had a positive effect in overcoming barriers to effective planning. This paper will describe survey results and give recommendations to practitioners for improving FEP efficacy in order to improve capital project portfolio. FRONT END PLANNING


The aim of this article was to evaluate the conceptual framework that was proposed by conducting a scoping study. From the extant literature, this study identified several factors related to an individual's use of e-government services. In addition, previous studies showed that there are different patterns of use of e-government services, particularly for developing countries.Therefore, a scoping study was undertaken in order to understand the nature of how individuals determine their use of different e-government services, especially for Malaysian citizens. The template analysis proposed by King (2004) was employed for the data analysis. As a result, a number of determinants were reduced after the scoping study and the conceptual framework was revised and a list of hypotheses was formulated.The themes and codes generated from the scoping study helped the researcher in the second phase of the research –questionnaire design.


The article is devoted to the study of proverbs and sayings of the Khakas language, which are anthropocentric in nature and include animal names (zoonyms). The aim of the article is to identify and describe the semantics of zoonyms and the peculiarities of their functioning in Khakas paremic expressions. The relevance of the topic is conditioned by the insufficient development of the problems of studying small folklore genres in Khakas linguistics. The novelty of the conducted research consists in the fact that it attempts to study zoonyms as components of proverbs and sayings of the Khakas language. Descriptive, semantic-cognitive and linguostatistical methods, and a review of scientific literature were used in the course of the work. The material of the study was selected by continuous sampling from existing collections of Khakas proverbs and sayings. The results obtained in the course of the study showed the presence of a large number of paremi with zoonym components (more than 130 units), which is due to the significance of the animal world, in which the national features and mental peculiarities of the Khakas people have been fixed as a result of centuries of human observation of it. The ethnocultural specificity of the Khakas language is most fully represented by paremi with the zoolexeme at 'horse'. The thematic classification of Khakas proverbs and sayings with zoonymic components includes about 12 value-oriented semantic groups, which are united within the framework of universal oppositions (good-bad, good-evil, truth-false, strength-weakness, intelligence-stupidity, etc.), as well as family and social relations. The dominance of the two-component parallel structure of Khakas paremi has been revealed, containing in one part the main idea in the form of a moral attitude, and in the second part – its argumentation with a zoonym component. The figurative meanings of Khakas animalistic paremiology are represented by associative links of animal morals and habits with human characteristics and traits: horse symbolizes strength, diligence; hare is associated with cowardice; dog – with anger, cruelty; snake – with pretense and meanness; wolf – with greed and calculating mind; bear – with fearlessness; magpie – with idle talk and chatter, etc. The ethnocultural semantics of zoonyms is presented both in metaphorical proverbs and sayings, and in paremi, representing good wishes, customs and omens of the Khakas people. Further implications – comparative studies of the topic under consideration with the involvement of materials of Russian and English languages.


Sub-species diversity of pepper populations of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria in Bulgaria and Macedonia in 2012 was the object of this study. Species determination of 44 strains was performed by molecular methods using two pairs of species-specific primers and RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis of the 16S-23S ITS region with HpaII. The populations were characterized by genotypic and phenotypic properties. The genotypic diversity of the strains was evaluated by RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) technique. Primer CUGEA-6 differentiated the strains in two groups, one of which included only Bulgarian strains and revealed a mixed profile of the type strain. Biolog TM metabolite profiles separated the strains in four groups: two of which were composed only of Bulgarian or Macedonian strains. Correlation between the RAPD and the metabolic profiles was observed. Twelve antibiotics and copper ions in five concentrations (1À5 g kg ¡1) were tested for biological activity. The inhibition zones of the Bulgarian strains were statistically proven to be considerably larger than the Macedonian ones in the tests with kanamycin, streptomycin, polymyxin B sulphate, tetracycline and vankomycin. The inhibition zones of the Bulgarian strains were statistically proven to be relatively larger than the Macedonian ones in the copper tests. Based on our studies the Macedonian population of X. euvesicatoria manifested a relative homogeneity while a greater diversity was observed in the Bulgarian population. Introduction Bacterial spot of pepper caused by the pathogens of genus Xanthomonas has become a very important factor affecting pepper production all over the world. The disease is a major problem in production of bioproducts for fresh consumption and processing especially in areas with high humidity. First records of bacterial spot in Bulgaria were described of tomato in 1936.[1] In the period 1989À1999 Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria and Xanthomo-nas vesicatoria were intensely studied as one of the main pathogens of tomato.[2,3] In recent years, bacterial spot raises as an economically important disease of pepper.[4] Studies in Macedonia also disclosed the wide distribution of X. campestris pv. vesicatoria in pepper plants in the country with losses reaching 10%À20% per year.[5À7] For many years, it was believed that the disease was caused by a single, relatively homogenous pathogenic species À X. campestris pv. vesicatoria.[8] Later, in the 1990s Stall et al. [9] and Vauterin et al. [10] found that the species contains two genetically and phenotypically distinct groups (A and B). Vauterin et al. [10] suggested reclassification of the xanthomonads …


The problem of analytical integrability of the three-level problem by reduction of the time-dependent Schrödinger equations to the third-order linear differential equation satisfied by the generalized hypergeometric functions 3F2 is considered. A total of 12 infinite classes of models solvable in terms of these functions is found, most of which are new and others are generalizations of the previously known families.


The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship among dietary habits, sociocultural attitudes toward, and stress in university students majored with dance. The data were collected from 315 students with convenience or opportunity sampling on non-probability sampling. For analysis, frequence analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach`s α, correlation and hierarchical regression and path analysis were applied using the statistics program SPSS 15.0. The results of this study can be acquired as follows; First, sociocultural attitudes toward impacted on stress in university students majored with dance. Second, sociocultural attitudes toward impacted on dietary habits in university students majored with dance. Third, stress effected on dietary habits in university students majored with dance.


Objective: To study the effect of posterior spinal diskoscope( PSD) in treating L4-5foraminal stenosis.Method: From March 2012 to March 2013,a total of 46 cases of patients in our hospital were diagnosed with the disease.They were randomly divided into the observation group( 23 cases) and the control group( 23 cases) according to digital method.The control group was treated with muscle gap approach interbody fusion.While the observation group was treated with PSD,and then compared curative effect of 2groups in different surgeries and JOA scores before and after treatment.Result: The excellent rate of the observation group was 73.91%( 17 /23),the total effective rate was 95.65%( 22 /23),which were significantly higher than the control group of 43.48%( 10 /23),73.91%( 17 /23).There 's statistically significant differences( all P 0.05).The observation group's JOA score was 24.1 ± 1.2 after 3 months,24.4 ± 1.1 after 6 months,was 24.5 ± 1.4 after 12 months,which were significantly higher than the control group of 23.5 ± 0.7,23.7 ± 1.0,23.7 ± 1.2.There's statistically significant Differences( all P 0.05).Conclusion:The PSD in treating foraminal stenosis has better efficacy,and can significantly enhance the patients' JOA score,promote patient recovery.It is worthy of recommendation.


This paper presents a picture of current flow relevant to the plug/barrier cell and an end plate installed on the end wall of the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror. Detailed analyses show that, during electron cyclotron resonance heating for plug potential formation, a net electron current flows through the end plate. In the plug/barrier cell, on the other hand, ion currents are detected during ECRH on ring electrodes newly installed near the side wall of the vacuum vessel. A part of the radial ion currents is connected to the axial net electron current flowing through the end plate. This indicates that a residual non-ambipolar diffusion still remains. The radial ion current in the plug/barrier cell includes another component that originates form the axial ion flux emanating from the central region. This suggests radial diffusion of ions during potential plugging.


The article examines the Russian experience of the transformation of the modern economy. The widespread introduction of digitalization is ahead of the existing regulatory framework in this area. For the most part, all digital platforms through which payments take place or some kind of transactions and transactions take place belong to foreign companies or companies whose headquarters are located abroad, and, consequently, taxes are paid abroad. This indicates a lag in the formation of not only the tax base in accordance with today's demands of the modern economy, but also the entire regulatory framework in the field of digitalization in our country. In 2019, the Digital Economy program and the signed decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On state support for leading companies in the development of products, services and platform solutions based on end–to-end digital technologies" were approved. The author of the article assesses the possibility of implementing the features of the application of the provisions of the Federal Law "On experimental legal regimes in the field of digital innovations in the Russian Federation" in the direction of "provision of state and municipal services and implementation of state control (supervision) and municipal control, the exercise of other powers and functions by state and local self-government bodies" on the example of the Perm Region.


The responsibility for water management in Australia resides with State and Territory governments and a range of documentation has evolved for governing effluent discharge licensing, on the one hand, and reuse guidelines on the other. This system has the potential to impede the introduction of national initiatives and new technologies relevant to water recycling schemes. In this article, we examine this documentation with a view to suggesting how future guideline and licensing processes may be structured to facilitate an increase in water reuse. Differences noted between national. State and Territory guidelines included reclaimed water sources, reuse options, nominated quality criteria, monitoring frequencies, sampling and testing methods and accreditation. Differences between licences and guidelines occurred for monitoring sites, nominated water quality criteria and compliance levels. The standardisation of these criteria where applicable, through collaboration between licensing and guideline authorities, would lead to lower monitoring costs for reuse schemes. The integration of national guidelines for reclaimed water, with those for fresh and marine water, would provide public health and environment protection guidance for water reuse. This could be achieved by including reclaimed water in the fresh and marine water guidelines, and by improved cross-referencing between both documents. Single points of contact for recycling scheme approvals, established through inter-departmental groups in each State or Territory, are also suggested.


With the implementing of "LiangMian YiBu Policy" in the rural areas of our country,cities have also begun to carry out this policy for the students in compulsory education stage.But the children living together with their parents who migrated to urban areas to work are not within the reach of this policy.Free compulsory education is the basic right of citizens.Therefore it's the government's duty to offer equal educational opportunity and financial support for all citizens.Due to the imperfect management system of education investment,the compulsory education law has no explicit requirements on the subject who should pay for the compulsory education of the children of peasant workers.As a result,most of these special children are excluded from the privilege of this policy and from state-run schools.It is suggested to build up a mechanism in which the central government,the city government where the peasants work and their hometown government share the financial burden according to certain proportion and to involve their children as a part of the students who enjoy the privilege of this policy is an important way to guarantee these special children equal educational right.


Abstract : A 24-year-old, male patient, status post MVC rollover in Mexico, was transferred to San Antonio Military Medical Center by air. His major injuries comprised of right tibia and fibula fractures, multiple rib fractures, and liver laceration. Diarrhea and vomitus positive for blood, and was transfused 2 units of PRBCs en-route. He was also noted to have elevated potassium of 7.5 mEq/L.


This paper presents an innovative application of remote sensing and spatial technologies for the Oxford Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) integration project, a rural area model ITS. The ITS project work plan was developed through intensive brainstorming and interaction among all major stakeholders including the city officials, public representatives, University of Mississippi officials and students, and local civic organizations. The backbone of the Oxford ITS project is the creation of the most precise map of Oxford and its vicinity using innovative applications of modern remote sensing technologies including airborne laser mapping and georeferenced aerial photogrammetry techniques. The data are being incorporated into a comprehensive geographic information system that can be integrated with traffic surveillance equipment to monitor real-time flow, accidents and responses, and also provide online traffic information to the public.


In this study, a predictive model has been developed using computational intelligence techniques for the prediction of drying time in the wool yarn bobbin drying process. The bobbin drying process is influenced by various drying parameters, 19 of which were used as input variables in the dataset. These parameters affect the drying time of yarn bobbins, which is considered as the target variable. The dataset, which consists of these input and target variables, was collected from an experimental yarn bobbin drying system. Firstly, the most effective input variables on the target variable, named as the best feature subset of the dataset, were investigated by using a filter-based feature selection method. As a result, the most important five parameters were obtained as the best feature subset. Afterwards, the most successful method that can predict the drying time of wool yarn bobbins with the highest accuracy was explored amongst the 16 computational intelligence methods for the best feature subset. Finally, the best performance has been found by the REP tree method, which achieved minimum error and time taken to build the model.


This paper presents a case study of the NASA Ames Research Center HCI Group's design and development of a problem reporting system for NASA's next generation vehicle (to replace the shuttle) based on the adaptation of an open source software application. We focus on the criteria used for selecting a specific system (Bugzilla) and discuss the outcomes of our project including eventual extensibility and maintainability. Finally, we address whether our experience may generalize considering where Bugzilla lies in the larger quantitative picture of current open source software projects.


Room temperature molten salt systems based on methyl-hexyl-imidazolium iodide (MHImI) have been used to scrutinize the performance characteristics, the stability and the mass-transfer effects in a photoelectrochemical regenerative device, as the latter is influenced and can even be limited by local concentration and mass-transport of the electroactive redox mediator species in the electrolyte phase. These salts appear to afford particular advantages over organic liquids as solvents for solar cell electrolytes. Cell performance showed outstanding stability, with an estimated sensitizer turnover in excess of 50 million. An investigation has been carried out on the physical-electrochemical properties of MHImI and its mixtures with organic solvents such as n-methyl-oxazolidinone, acetonitrile and with other lower viscosity molten salts such as methyl-butyl-imidazolium triflate. The repercussions of these properties on solar cells is described experimentally by the performance of practical application devices. Simulation models of mass transport in the nanocrystalline solar cell help illustrate operational aspects such as concentration profiles, limiting currents, anticipated mass-transfer overpotential as a function of current density, and they help to make projections as to how the properties of molten salt electrolytes can be better exploited toward this practical end.


Road traffic accidents have accounted to extremely dense road traffic and the relatively great freedom of movement given to drivers. Due to the increasing traffic accidents in Karachi, it is vital to investigate the major parameters that are causing these fatalities. For this purpose, machine learning techniques provide a greater advantage over other statistical methods. In this research, a novel approach that applies Random Forest and Support vector machine (SVM) algorithm out of many different machine learning algorithms for modeling traffic accidents prediction. Empirical results show that reasonable accuracy of the developed model. The results further showed the accuracy fluctuated according to the number of attributes in the output parameter. The results of SVM showed better predictions than that from Random Forest. The parameter with less attributes like Disposal has higher accuracy of prediction with Random Forest 83.12% whereas those with greater number of attribute have higher prediction accuracy with SVM e.g. Months with 64.98%.


In Japan, students studying to be teachers do student teaching for only 4 weeks in their senior year. University staff seldom go to the schools where the students are teaching, so that student teachers are trained mainly by school teachers. Mentoring by these teachers is supposed to play a critical role in teacher training. Participants in the present study were 3 student teachers and 3 mentors who were experienced kindergarten teachers. Data collected were: (1) the student teachers' journals and comments on them by the mentors, (2) a weekly survey on the student teachers' relations with their mentors, completed by the students, and (3) transcriptions of audio recordings of conversations among the mentors and student teachers. The results were as follows: (1) the student teachers and their mentors had an apprenticeship relationship, (2) mentoring did not always facilitate the development of a vocational identity as a teacher, (3) face-to-face communication was more effective in supporting reflective teaching than contact through a mailing list, and (4) communication via the mailing list was limited between each pair. These results suggest strongly that mentoring does not always play a critical role for student teachers.


ABSTRACT The success of a leader can be seen from the ability of a leader to be the trigger he leads by creating conducive working conditions so as to increase progress and increase capacity which results in a positive influence on human resources led in running work in the direction of achieving organizational goals. This study uses moderating variables of management accounting systems, business strategies and environmental uncertainties that can encourage leadership styles for optimal managerial performance. This study uses hyphotheses testing study with a method of collecting data through questionnaires distributed to respondents managers at pharmaceutical distributors spread across Sidoarjo and Surabaya. This study resulted that leadership style had a significant effect on managerial performance, but for variable interactions (moderation) of business strategies, management accounting systems and environmental uncertainties did not provide a moderating effect on the relationship of leadership style to managerial performance. This is because pharmaceutical distributors are an agency that has an optimal business strategy and management accounting system. The environmental uncertainty of companies engaged in this sector also does not have a significant impact on the sustainability of the organization, because medical needs, whether medicine or medical devices, are a major need for the health unit and the Indonesian community, of course.Keywords: leadership style, business strategy, management accounting system, environmental uncertainty, managerial performance


Aggressive SM + AML has limited therapeutic options. Even a strong combination of decitabine–venetoclax–midostaurin has a transient effect on AML and a mitigated effect on SM. Larger series are required to identify the best therapeutic strategy.


This book presents a classification and catalogue of Roman brooches from sites on the Stanegate, housed in a number of locations in northern England including Newcastle, Corbridge, South Shields, and Vindolanda. The catalogue is preceded by a brief discussion of the origin and development of brooches, and a classification of types.


Background: When it comes to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients, Livin is related with good prognostic characteristics. Objective: The aim of the work was to assess livin expression in childhood B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia to determine its significance. Patients and Methods: From September 2018 and September 2019, at Zagazig University Hospitals Clinical Pathology and Pediatric departments, our case control trial was conducted on 50 subjects, patients' group (25 cases of newly diagnosed ALL) and control group (25 healthy children). Assessment of livin expression was done using real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: There was statistically significant difference between the age of livin positive and livin negative cases (the mean age of livin positive cases was 6.2±3 years while the mean age of livin negative cases was 12.3±1.4 years). Mean livin expression level was significantly higher in age group < 10 than in age group group ≥ 10 years (294.53± 154.03 in age group <10 years versus 31 ±12.37 in age group ≥ 10). In livin negative group there were 3 patients with leucocytic count> 50.000/mm3 at diagnosis while 5 patients with leucocytic count ≤ 50.000/mm3 or more at diagnosis compared to 14 and 3 patients among livin positive group respectively (p=0.025). Regarding age, sex, WBCs, and risk stratification, there were statistically significant differences between the livin negative and positive groups. Conclusion: It could be concluded that livin was associated with favorable prognostic factors among ALL patients: (age<10 years, female patients, WBCs <50,000/mm3).


Abstract Plant – pollinator relationships are of great importance to ecosystem health. Here, we review the importance of Mediterranean habitats for bees, and interactions between plants and pollinators using the pollinator food web approach. We explore the characteristics of reward and attraction in plants, the utility of pollination syndromes and, most importantly, the effect of disturbance and human influence on plant – pollinator communities in the Mediterranean. Finally, we address the major impediment faced in pollination studies in the Mediterranean, i.e., the taxonomic limitation of bees and aculeates in general, and we introduce the 'Melissotheque of the Aegean' a reference bee collection that aims to place some taxonomic capacity in the eastern Mediterranean area.


Abstract : No form of disease prevention has had greater success than prophylactic immunization. Whereas therapeutic cancer vaccines have only marginal evidence of clinical efficacy, prophylactic vaccination against tumor-associated antigens can confer life-long protection in both transplantable and transgenic cancer models. Yet most non-virally associated cancers lack candidate antigens that could be targeted for human cancer prevention. Endogenous Retroviral sequences and other transposable elements (TEs) comprise almost 40% of the human genome. These remnants of exogenous retroviruses are crippled through mutation and do not make infectious virus. Furthermore, promoter and histone modification silence their expression. Nevertheless, many cancers express them as a result of altered gene regulation, and the proteins they encode are recognizable as neo-antigens in both mouse and man. We have created repeat sequence arrays for the mouse and human genomes. Using mouse lung cancer models and human clinical samples, we are defining the pattern and kinetics of TE expression during neoplastic transformation. We seek to determine if endogenous immune responses to such antigens may lead to early detection, and if prophylactic vaccination delays or prevents the onset of lung cancer in mouse models.