The focus of this paper is on the function and value of music in a small community, the village of Nimbin in the North Eastern corner of New South Wales, Australia. The paper provides a brief historical and social background of the village as well as some historical information about musical life since the legendary Aquarius Festival (1973). Emphasis is placed on current musical practices and the spatial politics of musical production in the village. The use of music for political protest, community celebration and fund-raising for community projects is discussed. In addition some treatment of professional and semi-professional music making is provided within the context of the national music industry. Music is shown to have a vital and pervasive role in the life and identity of this community.


What did Mozart and Beethoven possess that Wagner and Tchaikovsky reportedly did not [1]? The answer is absolute pitch (AP)b, commonly referred to as "perfect pitch." These terms denote the cognitive auditory ability to spontaneously and effortlessly identify and vocally produce specific musical tones without a reference note. AP musicians can also identify chords and key signatures of compositions solely upon first hearing. Musicians with relative pitch may acquire the same listening skills, but with one important exception: they need a reference note in order to label and vocalize tones. Much attention has been directed toward elucidating the neuroanatomical, developmental and genetic correlates of AP. This mini-review will briefly describe these efforts and point to future research challenges. THE PLANUM TEMPORALE AND ABSOLUTE PITCH AP is an auditory phenomenon-as such, it should not be surprising that neuroanatomical correlates are linked to the auditory cortex. This region occupies the dorsal surface of the temporal lobe and is quite complex in structure and function. It is now known to have 15 subdivisions, each serving a unique function in auditory processing and projection [2]. One such region is the planum temporale (PT), a triangular area of the superior temporal plane located posterior to the primary auditory field [3]. Despite its bilaterality, evidence of hemispheric asymmetry of the PT was discovered over 30 years ago [4]. Individuals who are right-handed have some degree of left PT asymmetry, and the PT is larger on average in the left hemisphere of the general population overall regardless of handedness [4]. One of the primary functions of the left hemisphere, particularly in righthanded individuals, is language production and comprehension [5]. Right-handed


This paper discussed the characteristics of deciding schemes for high speed railway route lines, and developed a decision model. In this model, its indices weight was calculated with analytic hierarchy procees method. With this model the schemes can be evaluated scientifically. The practice shows that this model can reflect all information to decide which one is the best,so this model has a good reference for decision maker. 2 figs,12 refs.


Abstract The increase in the usage of fossil fuels for energy production has led to the extermination of natural minerals, which gives rise to the hybridization of non-renewable resources with renewable resources. The energy generation system's integration has confiscated a new problem in load dispatch to the consumers with economic satisfaction. In this research work, hybrid optimization is proposed for the economic load dispatch formation by allocating the power in the hybrid energy sources. The PV-WT-diesel generator is used for power generation, and the search- and rescue-based emperor penguin optimization algorithm is used to allocate the power to the corresponding generation unit. The implementation is done by considering the ramp rate limit and the valve point effect. The implementation is done on the MATLAB platform for modeling the hybrid energy source and the optimization process. As a result, the combination of tri-generators has proved for a better result, costing 27248.88$/hr. At 400 MW load, inducing the emission cost of 0.012$/hr. In contrast to other methods, the fuel and emission cost is reduced to 2.66%.


Abstract text SGML Yes No Keyword(s) Keyword text SGML Yes No Content Research Implications, SGML Yes No Only appear for Emerald indicators Practical Implications, journals that appear in our Readability and our Emerald Management Originality scores Reviews database. Article Type Identifies if the article SGML Yes No is wholly theoretical or is theoretical with practical implications. Full text Header and abstract SGML, Yes RealPage We cannot export the information, Article HTML version RealPage version. text, images, references PDF's and only .tiffs References Flat file references SGML Flat files Reference Emerald can only only Linking export the flat files* Non-Article Seven umbrella HTML Yes SGML yes Content categories – includes Editorial, Book Reviews, Conference Reports, Calls for Papers. Key Readings Related 'keyword' SGML No Yes This is created generated abstracts programmatically, from Emerald at the time of download, Management Reviews and therefore cannot be exported. E-WIRE Related abstracts from SGML No Yes This is created Emerald Management programmatically, at Reviews the time of download and cannot be exported. Internet Access database .asp No Yes This cannot be exported Research with added data currently. Registers Search Engine No Yes Emerald does not own this. Browse Lists Yes Yes Emerald does not own this. LoC Yes Yes Emerald does not own this. Classifications Branding Intangible Logo only Yes Yes Can only export the logo not the brand experience *We can include the article's DOI with the SGML, but the technology which drives our value-added services (e.g. Reference Linking), is owned by our IPSP not Emerald. Table 2 document'. 'Document' is a term that is neutral to technology. In Norway, the law of depository makes a firm distinction between the medium and the information itself. So, if the information is provided through different media types, the resulting 'document' is unique, and therefore each document type must be deposited. As a publisher we have already identified that we cannot export the RealPage version since this is created by our IPSP. If this is required, then we will need to rely on our IPSP to provide this content for deposit. The LDL will also have their own concerns such as: What happens if the format (e.g. HTML, Java or XML) is no longer supported? How will the LDL maintain access to that content if the browser has upgraded to the latest protocol? These issues will need to be addressed by the JCVD as the project moves forward.


The aim of this research was to determine how the implementation taxation of the final Income Tax 1% on Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises associated with PP 46 in 2013 in the STO Ciawi, Bogor, in addition to knowing the effectiveness of its implementation. Research methodology is normative juridical research supported by sociological research that is based on the facts in the field. Data collection techniques in this research was done in two ways: research literature, and distribution questionnaires to respondents, fiskus and the taxpayer of Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises, as supporting data for measure the level of effectiveness. Results of this study was overall has been implemented in accordance with the procedure, just still not maximal and has not been effective because it is based on the analysis of 6 indicators is an elaboration of goals and expectations to be achieved with the implementation of PP No. 46 in 2013, only the 1st indicators and 5th by the majority of respondents acknowledged being met, while for the 4 other indicators have not been met .


Seven new bis-ureas of thiadiazloe derived from 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole,1,3-dibromopropane and acyl azides were synthesized and characterized by the physical constants,elementary analysis,IR,and 1HNMR.The optimal conditions for preparation of bis-ureas of thiadiazloe were as follows:n(bis-ureas of thiadiazloe)∶n was 1.0∶1.0,and the reaction time was 4 h at 40 ℃,The product yield of bis-ureas of thiadiazloe could reach 63.5%.The results of biolofical activity tests showed that all samples have activity on plant growth hormone and auxin.


Despite these limitations, Daniel Kwan's book will prove of real interest to scholars of the Chinese revolution. Moreover, his emphasis on the worker-intellectual alliance seems especially germane in light of subsequent developments in China, where a series of failed protest movements (from the Hundred Flowers Campaign of 1957 to the Tiananmen Uprising of 1989) bear witness to the importance of this tenuous relationship.


For years we have been developing several research projects in the field of environmental history, paying special attention to studies on environmental conflict. This look towards the resistance in defense of the territories, assumed by NGOs, researchers, academics but, in a special way, civil society that suffers the impact of industrial processes. The set of extractive activities carried out by industrial consortiums with the permissiveness of governments has consequences on the living and health conditions of the population as a whole. The historical processes of colonial appropriation of natural and energetic resources, at the service of a voracious capitalism or in its Chinese side, have turned each human activity into a new commodity. Extracting, Appropriating and Circulating energy and matter on a global scale has enormous consequences on the local population as well as on the structures of Metabolic Systems/Processes and sustainability on a global scale. Methodologically we use the tools provided by the EJOLT project (www.ejolt.org) to apply it in a decolonial key and proceed to apply the research in non-Eurocentric contexts. With this article we laid the foundations of research in the field of political ecology on environmental conflicts, putting as a novelty the application of research in the field of Asian studies, in its most innovative aspect as is the case of Korea.


One of the immediate results of the introduction of the high current incandescent lamp into the motion picture industry has been the emphasis placed upon an old problem of applied optics; that is, the production of a field of uniform illumination from a non-uniform light source. The crater of the carbon are, which preceded the incandescent lamp in projection service, is sufficiently uniform in brilliancy from edge to edge to give an almost constant illumination at all parts of the screen, but the incandescent filament not only varies in brightness in different parts but it has open spaces of about half the filament area in extent. The illumination at the aperture and on the screen has a natural tendency to show an image of the filament, and the suppression of this image is the problem with which we are here concerned.


Objective To understanding of sulfur dioxide residues in several staple Chinese herbal medicines.Method detected of sulfur dioxide residues separately in Yam from Henan,Shandong and Guangxi;Lily from Gansu Lanzhou,Hunan Changsha and LongShan of Hu nan;and Radix polygonati officinalis from Hunan Shaodong with the method of Acid distilling and iodine titrating.Result The content of sulfur dioxide between 200-500μg/g in 4 batche of samples,the content of sulfur dioxide between 501-1 000μg/g in 2 batche of sam ples,which exceeded the regulation of International Codex Alimentarius Commission for the limit of 1 000μg/g in 2 batche of samples,one of which up to a maximum of 1 466.9μg/g.Conclusion The fumigation in sulfur for Chinese herbal in varying degrees,is very common at present,people should pay a lot attention to it.


Abstract Nature and the twentieth-century industrializing of America provide the setting for Malick's film Days of Heaven (1978). This article offers a figural analysis of images of nature to reveal the moving forward of both human and natural cycles in the film. Through a reading of figures of nature, Days of Heaven reveals a clear figural communality between human and natural cycles of world making and unmaking. Furthermore, it retrospectively illuminates the formation of the world of twentieth-century American industrialization.


Reaction of trialkylsilanols with uranium pentaethoxide or uranium hexaethoxide gives uranium pentakis- or hexakis-trialkylsilyloxides. The pentakistrialkylsilyloxides were prepared also from uranium pentakistrimethylsilyloxide by silanol exchange. The physicochemical properties of these compounds are compared with those of the corresponding uranium t- alkoxides and tantalum pentakistrialkylsilyloxides. The preparation of uranium hexakis-t-pentyloxide is reported. (auth)


In order to realize full-penetration butt welding by single-path on thick high strength steel,the AH32 steel plate with thickness of 20 mm was laser-arc hybrid welded using 15 kW CO2 laser.The effect of parameters such as weld groove,wire feed rate,welding speed,defocus length and gap weld formation was analyzed.The microstructure of joint was analyzed by metallographic obsveration and hardness test.The results show that laser-arc welding can achieve full penetration by single-path butt jointing through appropriate parameters;Y shape groove with 8 mm truncated edge can enhance the penetration ability of laser-arc hybrid welding.Low welding speed is good for penetration,however the limitation still exists for hick plates joint.Gap is significant factor of penetration when work pieces is large thickness.The hardness of thick plates joint shows that there is big difference in mold of vertical thermal cycle using laser-arc hybrid welding.


Nietzsche's Genealogy of Morals is deservedly part of the ethical canon, but it is also be enormously and insistently absent-minded. I'm going to first present, as a textual puzzle, a handful of forgetful moments in the first two essays of the Genealogy. To address the puzzle, I will take up a familiar idea, that the Genealogy is both a subversive account of ethics and of what it is to be an intellectual. I will describe a strategy for reading the text that makes these out to be differently and more closely connected than they are usually taken to be. That will allow me to address a persistent worry in the secondary literature, by explaining how the Genealogy 's criticism of morality can be something other than an instance of the genetic fallacy, yet also not lapse into one or another form of moralism. On the way, I will suggest that Nietzsche's text requires us to modify one of the standard constraints on interpreting philosophical writing. ∗My thanks to Sarah Buss, Ben Crowe, Ken Gemes, Brooke Hopkins, Chris Janaway and an anonymous reviewer for comments on an earlier drafts, to Lori Alward, R. Lanier Anderson, Pepe Chang, Nadeem Hussain and Kathrin Koslicki for helpful conversation, and to an audience at the Western Humanities Alliance's 22nd Annual Conference. An ancestor of this material was presented at a conference on Moral Theory after Nietzsche hosted by the University of Texas; I'm grateful to commentator Robert Solomon, and for criticism from Brian Leiter and Neil Sinhababu, as well as feedback from the audience.


This study aimed to discuss relationships in families where there are homosexual children through a literature review of books, theses, dissertations, and scientific articles. It has been observed that Judeo-Christian precepts are the basis of the homophobia that sustains the violence that most of them live, but this violence is seen as a kind of correction that would bring the child to heteronormativity. There are three types of families dealing with youth homosexual: disintegrated, where conflicts increase after leaving the closet, feelings of shame, and rejection of the youth are very present. Ambivalent families, where parents have conflicting reactions in the family, regarding the sexual orientation of the youth and the love they feel for their child. Also, integrated families, where shame is little present, and there is an improvement in relationships after leaving the child's closet.


Reconfirmation of the position of the catheter positioned in a blood vessel is disclosed with the aid of the patient's ECG signal, thereby helping to determine the subsequent catheter displacement in a patient's vasculature. In one embodiment, a method for re-check the position of the indwelling medical device within the patient's body, initially includes placing the medical device into a patient using ECG signals of the patient. The first ECG signal profiles associated with the initial position of the indwelling medical device after initial placement of indwelling medical device is stored. Thereafter, a second ECG signal profiles associated with the position of indwelling medical devices at a certain time after the initial placement of indwelling medical device is acquired. A first ECG signal profile as compared to the second ECG signal profiles to determine whether the displacement of the indwelling medical device has occurred. .FIELD 7


The Physics of Hard Spheres Experiment (PHaSE) seeks a complete understanding of the entropically driven disorder-order transition in hard sphere colloidal dispersions. The light scattering instrument designed for flight collects Bragg and low angle light scattering in the forward direction via a CCD camera and performs conventional static and dynamic light scattering at 10-160 deg. through fiber optic cables. Here we report on the kinetics of nucleation and growth extracted from time-resolved Bragg images and measurements of the elastic modulus of crystalline phases obtained by monitoring resonant responses to sinusoidal forcing through dynamic light scattering. Preliminary analysis of the former indicates a significant difference from measurements on the ground, while the latter confirms nicely laboratory experiments with the same instrument and predictions from computer simulations.


: Deng xiao- ping' s Theory is an important coordinate in which we grasp the world's principal contradiction in the new age. Deng' s Theory of relation between" East West& South North" is the correct thinking and scientific summary of the world' s principal contradiction in the days of the Cold War ,meanwhile ,it's also the basic standing point for analysing the principal contradiction .


Trimetazidine exerts antianginal properties at the cellular level, without haemodynamic effect in clinical and experimental conditions. This cytoprotection was attributed to a decreased utilization of fatty acids for energy production, balanced by an increased incorporation in structural lipids. This study evaluated the influence of Trimetazidine on complex lipid synthesis from [2‐3H] glycerol, in ventricular myocytes, isolated rat hearts and in vivo in the myocardium and several other tissues. In cardiomyocytes, Trimetazidine increased the synthesis of phosphatidyl‐choline (+ 80%), phosphatidyl‐ethanolamine (+ 210%), phosphatidyl‐inositol (+ 250%) and cardiolipid (+ 100%). The common precursor diacylglycerol was also increased (+ 40%) whereas triacylglycerol was decreased (−70%). Similar results were obtained in isolated hearts with 10 μM Trimetazidine (phosphatidyl‐choline + 60%, phosphatidyl‐ethanolamine + 60%, phosphatidyl‐inositol + 100% and cardiolipid + 50%), the last two phospholipids containing 85% of the radioactivity. At 1 μM, Trimetazidine still stimulated the phospholipid synthesis although the difference was found significant only in phosphatidyl‐inositol and cardiolipid. In vivo studies (10 mg/kg per day for 7 days and 5 mg/kg, i.p. before the experiment) revealed significant changes in the intracellular lipid biosynthesis, with increased labelling of phospholipids and reduced incorporation of glycerol in nonphosphorous lipids. Trimetazidine increased the glycerol uptake from plasma to the other tissues (liver, cochlea, retina), resulting in an altered lipid synthesis. The anti‐anginal properties of Trimetazidine involve a reorganisation of the glycerol‐based lipid synthesis balance in cardiomyocytes, associated with an increased uptake of plasma glycerol that may contribute to explain the pharmacological properties reported in other organs.


The idea of universality can be found at the heart of the first public museums. A product of world exploration and developing global trade among the maritime nations of Western Europe, these museums reflected the spirit of inquiry and enterprise of their age. Since then some museums have endeavoured to emulate these pioneering institutions, albeit in different circumstances and for different reasons. A declaration on the importance and value of universal museums by some nineteen of the world's leading museum directors might therefore have been taken as commonplace. In fact it has raised a fundamental debate about the role of museums in the twentyfirst century.


ABSTRACT To explore the effects of pregnancy health problems (PHPs) on smoking behaviours during and after pregnancy ('smoking-inducing' effect), we estimate a two-period model that jointly determines prenatal and postnatal smoking decisions, taking into consideration the presence of PHPs. While PHPs are likely to reduce prenatal (except for heavy smokers) and postnatal smoking propensity, we still observe considerable postnatal relapse in the sample, which can be attributed to smoking addiction, as well as information asymmetries and maternal stress associated with PHPs. Thus, we advocate for smoking cessation policies and programmes throughout and beyond pregnancy to avoid potential intertemporal substitution between prenatal and postnatal cigarette consumption.


With the advent of popular education period,and practical needs of establishing modern vocational education system,development and transformation of newly-built local universities get more and more attention.The paper was reflected on problems of newly-built local universities' development,and done some necessity analysis in its restructuring and development,and referenced excellent higher vocational colleges' school experience who also assume the task of popular education,to probe development path of newly-built local universities' transformation.


This executive order by Governor Carroll A. Campbell, Jr. designates the South Carolina State Housing Finance and Development Authority as the agency responsible for the preparation of the Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy for South Carolina.


The comment by Gamisch (2020) draws the attention of users of the R-package RPANDA (Methods Ecol. Evol., 7, 2016, 589) on situations when properly interpreting the results of linear diversification dependencies requires caution. Here we provide clarifications to help users interpreting their results when using any type of functional diversification dependencies with time or the environment.


SHOULD like to expose a few ideas which were suggested to me by Mr. Vanderlaan's article in the Journal of Religion for April, 1935, entitled "Is Unbelief out of Date?" I think I may sum up the main ideas of that article in three points: first, whatever may have been said or thought to the contrary, the recent discoveries and theories in physics do not supply the believer with a scientific proof of the existence of God. Consequently, unbelief remains the rational attitude of the modern and scientific man in the question of God; second, the question of a cosmological God, a prime mover, or supreme architect and engineer of the material world, without any interest in man's well-being or in his moral life, is purely academic; and, third, a belief in a "moral" God as a ground of human morals is useless and futile, since man finds in humanism, or the study of human nature as a fact of experience, both the rule and the means of moral conduct. Therefore the implied conclusion in the article of Mr. Vanderlaan is not only that unbelief is out of date, but that belief is out of date now as it has been ever since the beginning of the modern scientific age. My intention is to show that, on the contrary, belief in God is not and can never be out of date to the moral man; in other


There are different sorts of understandings of the nature of socialism today. Classical writers expounded the nature of socialism which shows the unity of socialist value target and its essential feature, the unity of dynamic and static states. The nature of socialism is concrete and historical, which is reflected in the practice of different periods of times. "The Three Benefits" and "the Three Represents" are, as a matter of fact, the process in which Marxism is developed by means of the viewpoint of "Keeping up with the Times".


Since China's Reform and Open Policy,China's higher education has experienced a huge development.However compared with the Western higher education,China's higher education level is still lower than them.Thus we should use American successful experiences to expedite the reform of higher educational system,develop the all kinds of universities and colleges in optimum scale,make the talents training meet with the social demand so as to increase the vigor and competitive ability of China's higher education.


Presentation is the practice of showing and explaining the content of a topic to the audience or learner. A good oral presentation is well structured; this makes it easier for the listener to follow. It is natural for presentation skill to improve if presentation know-how is taught and presentation opportunities increase. In recent years, great emphasis has been laid on presentation and documentation skills. However, a logical composition is important for writing documentation and giving presentations than report-writing. Presenting well is all about achieving great levels of impact in front of groups of people, and delivering presentations that inspire and motivate others, or communicate information in really powerful ways. Many people find presenting in front of large groups very confronting. But as with most things in life, there are certain techniques to learn that will greatly help improve one's competence and confidence. On scientific analysis, it has been found that the different aspects of presentation are informative, persuasive, inspirational and entertaining. Thus, presentation can be defined as a formal event characterized by teamwork and use of audiovisual aids. This paper conceptualizes the importance, pros and cons, presentation forms and tips for effective presentation for successful organizational development.


We have acquired light curves at delta = 6 cm of the eclipsing binary V471 Tauri around the orbit, in order to determine the geometrical location of the radio emission in the binary. Each light curve shows a broad minimum near the timeof optical eclipse, suggesting that the radio luminosity originates between the two stars. Other observations at X-ray, ultraviolet, and visual wavelengths are also supportive of the idea of a gas cloud more or less permanently located between the stars. This could be explained if the radio emission arises from the interaction of the magnetic fields of the secondary and the white dwarf near the line of centers.


A domain decomposition method(DDM) and finite element method(FEM)/boundary integral method(BIM) are combined to analyze TM wave scattering property by two-dimensional open cavity filled with multiplayer anisotropic dielectric. The boundary integral method is applied for analyzing electromagnetic field outside the cavity.Each kind of dielectric in the cavity is regarded as a subdomain and analyzed by finite element method.Coupling of different subdomains is achieved through the transmission condition at the interface.As the verification example,radar cross section(RCS) by two-dimensional open cavity filled with isotropic dielectric and anisotropic dielectric are calculated,respectively.Numerical results demonstrate its accuracy and efficiency.In this way,the required computer memory is greatly reduced.


Several combinatorial optimization problems can be approximated using algorithms based on semideenite programming. In many of these algorithms a semideenite relaxation of the underlying problem is solved yielding an optimal vector connguration v 1 : : : v n. This vector connguration is then rounded into a f0; 1g solution. We present a procedure called RP R 2 (Random Projection followed by Randomized Rounding) for rounding the solution of such semideenite programs. We show that the random hyperplane rounding technique introduced by Goemans and Williamson, and its variant that involves outward rotation are both special cases of RP R 2. We illustrate the use of RP R 2 by presenting two applications. For Max-Bisection we improve the approximation ratio. For Max-Cut, we improve the tradeoo curve (presented by Zwick) that relates the approximation ratio to the size of the maximum cut in a graph.


Theoretical study of the mechanism of bond-switching of 5-(1-aminoethylimino)-3-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazole and 5-(2-aminovinyl)isothiazole was carried out by using simplified models of 1,6-dihydro-6a...


Detailed and harmonized information on spatial forest distribution is an essential input for forest-related environmental assessments, in particular, for biomass and growing stock modeling. In the last years, several mapping approaches have been developed in order to provide such information for Europe in a harmonized way. Each of these maps exhibits particular properties and varies in accuracy. Yet, they are often used in parallel for different modeling purposes. A detailed spatial comparison seemed necessary in order to provide information on the advantages and limitations of each of these forest cover maps in order to facilitate their selection for modeling purposes. This article confronts the high-resolution forest cover map recently developed by the Joint Research Centre for the year 2000 (FMAP2000) with previously existing maps for the same time period: the CORINE Land Cover 2000 (CLC2000) and the Calibrated European Forest Map 1996 (CEFM1996). The spatial comparison of these three maps was carried out based on forest proportion maps of 1 km derived from the original maps. To characterize differences according to biogeographic regions, two criteria were used: detail of thematic content within each map and local spatial agreement. Concerning thematic content, CLC2000 displayed a surfeit of non-forested areas at the cost of low forest proportions, while FMAP2000 showed a more balanced distribution likely to preserve more detail in forest spatial pattern. Good spatial agreement was found for CLC2000 and FMAP2000 within about 70% of the study area, while only 50% agreement was found when compared with CEFM1996. The largest spatial differences between all maps were found in the Alpine and Mediterranean regions. Reasons for these might be different input data and classification techniques and, in particular, the calibration of CEFM1996 to reported national statistics.


Quick Response Code Abstract: Purpose: Retinoblastoma is rare disease but potentially fatal if left untreated. This study aimed to evaluate demographic profile, treatment and complications in survivors of retinoblastoma in tertiary care center in 2019. Method: This is multicentric hospital based cross sectional study conducted from January 2019 to December 2019 after ethical clearance from National Health Research Council. All post-treatment cases of retinoblastoma who had completed at least 1-year follow-up examination in any of our retinoblastoma (RB) center in 2019 were included whereas newly diagnosed and ongoing treatment cases and those failed to consent were excluded. Data based on demographic profile, ethnic and geographical distribution of RB survivors was collected and entered into Microsoft Excel 2016. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Result: A total of 37 RB survivors that included 24(64.9%) female and 13(35.1%) male. Of the total, 34 (91.8%) survivors had unilateral (Right Eye 18, Left Eye 16) involvement whereas 3(8.1%) bilateral involvement. The mean age at diagnosis and study time was 38.65 ± 37.43 months (3-214 months) and 93.46 ± 65.58 months (16-252 months) respectively. Primary enucleation was commonest mode of treatment (64.9%). Majority of survivors belonged to upper caste group 20(54.1%) and mostly from Bagmati 15(40.5%) followed by province-2 (21.6%). Conclusion: Descriptive study showed that most of survivors had undergone enucleation due to delayed presentation with poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment modality are prerequisite for salvaging life of child, sight and eyeball.


Further studies of this kind should delineate often as to emperors (Caligula, Nero, Domitian being the worst in the first century, perhaps) and their attendant eras being different, also that various locations in the empire and local situations would alter attitudes toward the empire by the Christian community. Of course, Carter knows this well, but the tendency of these studies is to portray a rather static situation, rather like generalizing about Mediterranean peasants as though they were a homogeneous group. The construct in its full array fits best the book of Revelation. Carter perceptively calls attention to the empire's economic oppression in Revelation 18, its illicit economic activity made possible by its military, the parallel to Jeremiah 50–51, and the vicious military conquest upon which the empire is founded (pp. 105–107). Would that indeed be the case for all empires? Relatively recent empires are not immune from similar critiques. Consider the German Reich, the Russian empire after WW2, and the British Empire that might have been somewhat enlightened, eventually letting India go without war, but was still imperial and racist (?) and could be drastic. Should we not also be awakened by this study to the American empire, of bases if not of colonies, and its military invasions in the twentieth century? Did the United States embark on being a colonial power after the Spanish-American war by taking possession of the Philippines, tempting the would-be Empire of Japan into the tragic bombing of Pearl Harbor? Is there not some hubris in the very idea of empire, some inherent necessity to conquer other countries and subsume them for selfish benefit? Carter is acutely aware of such potentialities. Were I to say that I am impressed with this book and recommend it would be to engage in understatement. It is invaluable for its overview, academically of high standard yet readable, informative for those needing an update about the socio-economic application to an NT set in the Roman Empire. It is actually rather exhilarating to read this essential guide. It could serve well as a primer in a college or seminary class for orientation and would function exceptionally well as a catalyst for lively discussion in a bible study group.


1. This memorandum has been prepared by the Scottish Government in accordance with Rule 9.4A of the Parliament's Standing Orders, in relation to the Scottish Elections (Reduction of Voting Age) Bill. It describes the purpose of the subordinate legislation provisions in the Bill and outlines the reasons for seeking the proposed powers. This memorandum should be read in conjunction with the Explanatory Notes and Policy Memorandum for the Bill.


A Web-based production process and data management scheme with database and Excel files supported is proposed according to the current situation of small businesses.The template-instance idea is used for building the entire system.A new idea of database cache is used to improve the speed of querying the Excel cell data and the production process status management,and multi-user collaboration solutions are also advanced.


Abstract Grain boundary motion can be affected by a magnetic field if the anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility generates a gradient of the magnetic free-energy density across the boundary. Due to this magnetic driving force, annealing of locally deformed single crystals in high magnetic fields results in growth selection. The character distribution of the boundaries connected to growth selection is found to be far from random. If a magnetic energy density gradient as a driving force is superimposed to a curvature driving force during grain growth, this biases the microstructure evolution with regard to grain size and crystallographic texture, as it is demonstrated on polycrystalline zinc and titanium. Analysis of individual orientation data reveals that the observed asymmetrical texture stems to a large extent from a difference in grain numbers of the individual texture components.


Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of mental fatigue countermeasure in simulated long haul flight. Methods Sixteen male military student pilots were randomly and averagely divided into control group and test group.The 8-hour simulated long haul line flight was performed on K-8 flight simulator.Mental fatigue countermeasure was used in test group.Mental fatigue of the two groups was evaluated and compared by student pilot's decoding score,flying score and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) scores. Results As the flying hours increased,the decoding scores and the flying scores of control group decreased significantly (F =4.406, 10.166;P=0.039,0.002),but the change of these scores was not significant in test group (F =1.015,0.780; P=0.405,0.477).The two scores of the control group decreased significantly after the continuous flight for 4 hours (P<0.05),while those of the test group showed no difference in whole flight (P > 0.05).The change of SAS scores of control group was not significant (t =1.032,P=0.329),while the SAS score of test group decreased significantly (t =3.222,P =0.010).Conclusions The mental fatigue countermeasure presents apparent effectiveness for countering the mental fatigue in long haul flight.

Key words:
Aviation;  Mental fatigue;  Evaluative study;  Countermeasure


Motion planning for multi-target autonomous search requires efficiently gathering as much information over an area as possible with an imperfect sensor. In disaster scenarios and contested environments the spatial connectivity may unexpectedly change (due to aftershock, avalanche, flood, building collapse, adversary movements, etc.) and the flight envelope may evolve as a known function of time to ensure rescue worker safety or to facilitate other mission goals. Algorithms designed to handle both expected and unexpected changes must: (1) reason over a sufficiently long time horizon to respect expected changes, and (2) replan quickly in response to unexpected changes. These ambitions are hindered by the submodularity property of mutual information, which makes optimal solutions NP-hard to compute. We present an algorithm for autonomous search in changing environments that uses a variety of techniques to improve both the speed and time horizon, including using e-admissible heuristics to speed up the search.


Arctic marine mammals face many challenges linked to climate change, including increasing anthropogenic noise from vessel traffic. The bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus), an Arctic endemic cetacean, relies on acoustic communication, with documented overlapping frequencies between communication and vessel noise. Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort (BCB) bowhead whales migrate through areas with the highest levels of vessel traffic in the Pacific Arctic. Here, we document the spatial and temporal overlap between 25 satellite-tagged BCB bowhead whales and vessels during July to December, 2012−2018. We report 1,332 occasions when a vessel was within 125 km of a tagged whale, and where possible, quantified changes in swim speed to investigate individual behavioural responses to vessel approaches within a 50 km radius (n = 18 encounters). In the quantitative analysis, bowhead whales were not observed to alter swim speed within 8–50 km of vessels (we could not assess distances <8 km). Our results suggest bowhead whales did not exhibit detectable long-range (i.e., up to 50 km) behavioural responses to vessels, consistent with observations of closely related North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis), for which vessel strikes are a leading cause of mortality. More work is required to assess how bowhead whales react to vessels at closer distances.


The method of producing spherical submicron particles of amorphous silica of the present invention relates, in which silica was injected into the reaction vessel and the reducing agent in a molten state zirconia, the zirconia as a thermal reservoir in the wherein the silica is reacted with a reducing agent, to produce a silicon suboxide steam, the steam oxidation of silicon suboxide to the submicron spherical silica particles.


The mast cell has long been considered to be of paramount importance in the pathophysiology of asthma. Its key role in driving the IgE-mediated allergic reaction and thus the early asthmatic respon...


Upsetting is an important technics for improving the inner structure of metal. The stress, strain and temperature distribution can influence the effect of upsetting. To achieve good effect of upsetting, a prediction model of upsetting based on themo-elastic-plastic finite element equation is built. The Three-Dimensional upsetting process is studied by using the method of finite element lagrange analysis, analyzing the distribution of temperature, stress, and load in upsetting process. The simulation results can help to determine the parameters for upsetting and give an advice for upsetting process.


Local area networks (LANs) have experienced a significant increase in popularity in recent years. The integration of voice communication on local area networks is motivated by the fact that voice is an office communication application; and LANs are viewed as an important component of future office systems. The two basic requirements of voice traffic are small delay and output continuity. In this thesis, the performance of voice traffic on LANs in investigated from the viewpoint of these two requirements.
The simplest approach for transmitting voice traffic on LANs is to use the same medium access protocols for voice as for data traffic. The asynchronous nature of the network causes variations in medium access times, which can lead to discontinuities in the output stream. A suitable playout strategy has to be employed at the destination to maintain continuity. Two playout schemes are investigated by means of an analytic model to evaluate their performance as a function of the output variation.
In order to study the delay behaviour and the overall performance of voice traffic, two representative LAN medium access protocols, namely CSMA/CD on buses and Control token on ring networks are considered, and the effect of different traffic conditions is investigated.
Several alternate approaches are examined on bus and ring networks in order to improve the voice traffic performance with respect to output continuity. Playout performance can be improved by ensuring nearly deterministic interdeparture times from the network. New protocols with this feature are presented and their performance is evaluated.
The issues and considerations for voice transmission on interconnected LANs are somewhat different from those on a single LAN. Performance results based on a simple model of two interconnected LANs are presented to evaluate different strategies for the design of the interconnecting device, namely the bridge.


The extent to which highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) affects human papillomavirus (HPV) acquisition and clearance in HIV‐infected women is not well understood. We sought to describe high‐risk HPV detection and clearance rates over time since HAART initiation, based on time‐varying HIV viral load (VL) and CD4 T‐cell count, using novel statistical methods.


Section I: External Ear and Middle Ear.- The human external and middle ear: Models and concepts..- Modeling reverse middle ear transmission of acoustic distortion signals..- Recent developments in modelling the eardrum and related structures using the finite-element method..- Section II: Cochlear Fluid Mechanics.- Basilar membrane properties and cochlear response..- On vibration of membranes in the mammalian cochlea..- Pseudo-resonance in the mammalian cochlea..- Simultaneous amplitude and phase match of cochlear model calculations and basilar membrane vibration data..- Advantages from describing cochlear mechanics in terms of energy flow..- Section III: Cochlear Emissions.- An integrated view of cochlear mechanical nonlinearities observable from the ear canal..- Modelling cochlear echoes: The influence of irregularities in frequency mapping on summed cochlear activity..- Critical behaviour of auditory oscillators near feedback phase transitions..- Two aspects of cochlear acoustic emissions: Response latency and minimum stimulus energy..- Section IV: Active Systems.- The cochlear amplifier..- Electromechanical processes in the cochlea..- A non-linear feedback model for outer-haircell stereocilia and its implications for the response of the auditory periphery..- Wave reflection in passive and active cochlea models..- Modelling an active, nonlinear cochlea..- Nonlinear and active modelling of cochlear mechanics: A precarious affair..- Section V: Nonlinear Micromechanics.- Experimental and topographic morphology in cochlear mechanics..- Results from a cochlear model utilizing longitudinal coupling..- An interpretation of the sharp tuning of the basilar membrane mechanical response..- Section VI: Special Topics.- Thermal and quantum noise in the inner ear..- A hair cell model of neural response..- Static point-load measurements of basilar membrane compliance..- Problems in aural sound conduction..


Introduction EMBEDDED memories occupy more than 60% chip area of most today's system-on-chip (SOC) designs. Keeping the memory cores at a reasonable yield level is thus vital for SOC products. Built-in self-repair (BISR) techniques have been shown to improve the memory yield from 5% to 20%, such that the net SOC yield increase can range from 2% to 10% [1]. Therefore BISR techniques are gaining popular for enhancing the yield of embedded memories in SOCs [2]–[14]. Effective redundancy allocation methods are needed for BISR designs while the targeted repairable memories have 2-D (i.e., spare rows and spare columns) or more complicated redundancy organizations. However, the redundancy allocation for a memory with 2-D redundancy is very difficult since it is an NPhard problem [15]. Many redundancy analysis algorithms for performing redundancy allocation at automatic test equipment (ATE) have been proposed, e.g., [15]–[18]. However, these algorithms are not adopted to be realized in built-in circuits. Thus, built-in redundancyanalysis (BIRA) algorithms which can costeffectively be realized with built-in circuits are required for BISR schemes. In [3], Kawagoe et al. presented a comprehensive real-time exhaustive search test and analysis (CRESTA) scheme for bitoriented memories. The CRESTA uses an exhaustive search approach to allocate redundancies of a RAM such that it can achieve the optimal repair rate (i.e., the ratio of the number of repaired memories to the number of defective memories).The hardware cost of CRESTA increases drastically with the number of spare elements. To reduce hardware cost of BIRA design, some BIRA schemes use heuristic redundancy analysis algorithms Most of the heuristic BIRA algorithms are developed based on a 2-D local bitmap, and some are only for bit-oriented RAMs. However, if the user wants to extend the algorithms to repair word-oriented memories, each bit of 2-D local bitmap needs to be replaced by a word. This results that the area cost for implementing the 2-D local bitmap is large. Also, the area cost is heavily affected by the word length. To reduce area cost of BIRA designs, effective BIRA algorithms based on a low-cost local bitmap are needed, especially for word-oriented memories. In [21], a BIRA algorithm for word-oriented RAMs with 2-D redundancy using 1-D local bitmap was proposed to reduce the area cost of the BIRA circuit. The BIRA algorithm is used for a RAM with global spare rows and local spare columns. In comparison with the work [21], main contributions of this paper are as follows. 1) An effective BIRA algorithm used for the RAM with local spare rows and local spare columns is proposed. 2) A simulation flow for selecting the size of local bitmap is proposed to optimize the repair rate and minimize the area cost of the BIRA scheme. 3) Effective design techniques for implementing the key components of the proposed BIRA scheme are proposed. 4) More complete simulation and analysis results are shown. Furthermore, comparison results of different BIRA schemes are shown. Proposed BIRA Algorithm


MICE having received a dose of X-rays, which is the LD,, in untreated animals, can recover if treated with intravenous injections of suspensions of bone marrow from normal mice or rats or spleen froni infant mice. From recent work (Liiidsley, Ode11 and Tausche, 1955; Ford, Hamerton, Barnes and Loutit, 1956; Vos, Davids, Weyzcii and Van Bekkum, 1956; Mitchison, 1956; Nowell, Cole, Habermeyer and Roan, 1956) it is now known that the recovery is due to recolonization of the haemopoietic and lymphopoietic tissues of the irradiated animal with the cells which have been transferred froni the homologous or heterologous normal donors. Thc persistence of such homografts and heterografts is against all the normal laws of tissue-transplantation; presumably this is because of a profound upset by the niassive doses of radiation of the normal mechaiiisins of immunity of the host. These findings open up the possibility of successful treatment of niurine leukaemia. TWO methods suggest themselves: (I) If the leukacmic cells are more radiosensitive than the lyinphocytes or the cells of the bone marrow of the normal mouse, the LDg8 of X-rays may be adequate to eliminate the leukaemia; the animal could then be treated with normal bone marrow or infant spleen to restore the functions of the haeinopoietic and lymphopoietic tissues. (A similar investigation has already been undertaken in guinea-pigs without success by Hokroft, Loreiiz, Congdon and Jacobson (1953). The same workers, however, had some permanent cures of mice with a localized lymphosarconia.) Using inbred strains of mice what is virtually an autograft can be made by using bone marrow or spleen from a mouse of the same strain. It has been shown that these so-called isologous grafts are more satisfactory than homografts in ensuring prolonged survival (Barnes and Loutit, 1955). (2 ) It has been shown (Furth and Kahn, 1937) that transfer of a single leukaemic cell is sufficient to induce lymphoma in a normal mouse. Thus, if in (I) the dose of X-rays were insufficient to kill IOO per cent of the leukaemic cells, one would expect that death would merely be delayed until the leukaemia had regrown sufficieiitly to kill the animal. In such a case restoration from the effects of X-rays by isologous marrow would be inadequate to ensure prolonged survival, but administration of homologous marrow might be effective, in that the homologous tissue might be able to produce an immune reaction to destroy any surviving leukaemic cells having the tissue specificity of the host. Experiments were carried out to test these hypotheses.


The roots of Islamic Civilization are deeply set in the Qur'an, The Sunnah and Qurūn e ūla, which have been regarded as the best time periods by the Messenger of Allah
(pbuh). The Qur'an has mentioned many women who although were not direct political rulers, yet they changed the course of history, and set examples for those to come. The mention of the mother of Maryam (as) and of Maryam (as) herself, the mother and sister of Musa (as), the wife of Pharaoh, the indirect mention of Hajra (as) and her legacy, the role of the wives of the Messenger (pbuh); and a political ruler the Queen of Sheba, thus paying a tribute to them and not deeming them inferior to their male counterparts. Politics in Islamic history has always been a very pragmatic field and women have participated in it in various roles. Sometimes being the rulers like Raziya Sultana and sometimes being the powerful, influential de facto ruler like Queen Nūr Jahan. Some were excellent military commanders like Queen Amina of Zaria in the Sub Saharan Africa; others were great administrators such as Begum Shah Jehan of Bhopal.
The pivotal roles of Muslim women rulers in the history of Islam are highlighted in this article, covering the fourteen centuries period. The life and work of at least ten salient rulers is discussed in a manner, which shall set them as an example for times to come.


The new media was emerged and wide applied.However environmental publicity and education which were in the domestic were still staid in tradition.There are some common problems in environmental publicity and education.The public environmental participation and identity were low.According to the characteristics of new media,it proposed the specific policies and measures of publicity and education in environment and the new media.It promoted environmental publicity and education to carry out.Here are the following policies and measures.First,fully recognize the influence of new media;Second,good at using new media,give play to the particularity of the new media,change passive to active;Third,the environmental protection should be right in the face of new media;Fourth,the role of new media,the realization of the regulatory environment,promote environmental difficult problem to solve;Fifth,the new media become the main base to environmental publicity and education,universal participation,the new pattern of national environmental protection.


Brazil is the world's second largest producer of dicalcium phosphate, which is the main source of dietary phosphorus that complements the mineral salts contained in cattle, pig and poultry feed. The natural sources of dicalcium phosphate are not homogeneous and a final product classification process is required to ensure compliance with the physical specifications of the product shipped to clients. The objective of this work is to study a classification system for dicalcium phosphate using fluidization. A statistical analysis of the main experimental results using factorial planning and multiple regressions yielded parameters for the individual variables and the interactions among them. The model is validated by means of eight experiments performed in a pilot fluidized bed. The separation and recovery efficiencies obtained with the pilot system demonstrate the excellent technological application of the proposed dicalcium phosphate classification.


Abstract The electric field-induced in-plane optical anisotropy (Pockels effect) of ZnSe/BeTe multi-layered heterostructures has been studied by analysing the linear polarization of the spatially indirect photoluminescence. A pronounced quantum-confined Pockels effect was found in ZnSe/BeTe double-barrier structures. A tight-binding model is proposed which consistently interprets the experimental findings and suggests a new mechanism for the effect as realized in type-II heterostructures. The model takes into account that the ZnSe/BeTe heterosystem exhibits a type-II band alignment with large band offsets and that in the zinc-blende lattice the chemical bonds are oriented in 〈111〉 directions and, when shifted along the [001] principal axis, alternatively change their orientation in the (001) plane from [1 1 0] to [110] and vice versa. A light-emitting diode based on a single ZnSe/BeTe interface is demonstrated.


A fast and accurate modal method for analysing waveguide extracted poles of microwave filters is presented. Basing on a previously presented analysis of a six-port junction in rectangular waveguide [1], by properly shorting the unused ports and reducing the upward directed port the required slot coupling is achieved. Additionally, the case of two contiguous extracted poles is also considered. A parallel FEM analysis of the structures confirms the accuracy of the proposed analysis method.


Since the introduction of the EPS method in Japan in 1985, intensive efforts have been devoted to the research of the material and the development of design and construction methods. These challenges have led to the current position of EPS technology as a useful new construction method that is reliable. For the covering abstract see ITRD E109968.


The paper presents the project aimed at increasing the quality and accuracy of the underwater acoustic navigation and communication systems of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) and considers the issue of estimating the ranging accuracy of modems operating in the frequency band of 12 kHz on distances up to 10 km. The accuracy estimation was performed using underwater acoustic modems designed by the authors. The paper describes conducted sea trials as well as its main results, demonstrating the ranging accuracy of utilized underwater acoustic means and the nature of corresponding error distribution.


This conceptual paper presents a model for engaging students and promoting motivation through dialogic classroom practices. The author argues that fostering dialogic teaching and learning in the classroom can positively impact student motivation and learning outcomes. The proposed model highlights the importance of creating a classroom environment where students feel comfortable sharing their ideas and engaging in meaningful discussions. This conceptual article is lensed within transformative paradigm, presenting dialogic pedagogy as a concept analysed using conceptual analysis. Dialogic pedagogy was presented, and the key assumptions, such as promoting classroom dialogue, valuing all voices, emphasising social knowledge construction, and instructors acting as facilitators of learning, were discussed vis-à-vis its correctional tendencies with student motivation and learning outcomes. The paper also highlights the potential benefits of dialogic classroom practices for diverse and borderless student populations. The conclusion is that promoting classroom dialogue, valuing all voices, emphasising social knowledge construction, and acting as facilitators of learning are dimensions to enhance student motivation towards learning outcomes. The paper offers a valuable contribution to the literature by providing a comprehensive framework for educators to effectively engage and motivate their students through dialogic practices.


The most important thing is the safety in metalworking practices that everyone should pay attention to,especially the safety in lathe work practices.This article discusses a valid method that how to guarantee the safety for students and equipments by hardware,including the design of the chuck's power-off protection,the chuck's safeguard of lead limit and the safeguard of preventing tailstock falling off.


Nowadays, many research groups are developing low-temperature and pressureless copper-to-copper interconnection bonding methods. Among them, controlled flow electroless nickel plating, which utilizes the feature of autocatalysis of electroless plating to join copper pillars, is the most promising one [1]. However, for high frequency application, nickel is a ferromagnetic material and would trigger skin effect seriously, which could greatly reduce the effective area for signal to pass through. To deal with this issue, other electroless plating materials needs to be investigated.Among them, copper is a suitable material for interconnection due to its excellent electrical conductivity. Previously, the chip-to-substrate all-copper connections were formed by joining the two pillars with electroless copper plating followed by an annealing process at 180°C [2]. Although the anneal process could enhance the bond strength up to 148MPa, it contradicts the advantage of electroless plating process, which is a low temperature process. In this research, to avoid the post annealing process, we conducted the electroless copper plating under controlled flow to fabricate the interconnection. All the process temperature in our research is below 50°C. The bonding result is very well without any extraneous deposition.


A kind of aspergillus niger which was isolated from soil was inoculated with Czapek-Dox liquid medium. Controling the experimental conditions, microbial flocculant MF-1 was prepared. MF-1 was adopted for the treatment of midcourse wastewater in papermaking factory. The influence to the flocculation effect of the dosage of flocculant, addition of metal ions, temperature, pH value, and flocculant stirring strength was studied. The optimal flocculation condition was found to be flocculant dosage 60 mg/L, with Fe(III) as the coagulant aid, stirring at 250 rpm for 25 min at 60℃, with pH<3. The removal rate of CODCr and turbidity can reach 71% and 92%, respectively. The efficiency was much higher than that of traditional flocculants.


We report on the computation of the angle-between-leptons distribution in Drell-Yan processes. More precisely we study the recently introduced variable phi*, which provides us with a more accurate probe of the low Q_T domain of Z boson production at hadron colliders. Our theoretical prediction is obtained by matching a next-to-next-to leading logarithmic (NNLL) resummation to a fixed order calculation at next-to-leading order (NLO). We find that the result significantly differs from a pure fixed order calculation in a wide range of the observable we are interested in, clearly indicating the need for resummation. We also perform a first comparison to the measurement by the D0 collaboration, finding good agreement between theory and experiment.


Background: During fish processing operations, significant fish waste is generated, causing environmental problems. This study compared enzymatic hydrolysis and chemical methods for oil extraction from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) waste and its influence on omega 3 fatty acid profile.Methods: Oil extraction efficiency and fatty acids profile from trout fish head were analyzed by comparing enzymatic method (protease from Bacillus subtilis) and chemical extraction with hexane (soxhlet method) to produce a valuable product by fish waste. The enzymatic hydrolysis and chemical methods for oil extraction from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) waste and its influence on omega 3 fatty acid profile were compared. The contents of fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography.Results: No significant difference was noticed between the enzyme treatments with water (200, 100, and 50 mL) and without additional water regarding oil extraction efficiency. The samples without water were economically more affordable because of their lower volume and reducing energy consumption. The oil extraction efficiency with optimum enzymatic method (150 ppm of concentrated protease, without using water) was significantly lower than soxhlet method. Omega-3 content in the optimum biological method (9%) was significantly higher than that in soxhlet method (5.53%). Fatty acids with high contents of trout head oil in both methods were linoleic acid (18:2) and oleicacid (18:1).Conclusion: Due to the suitable oil extraction efficiency and higher omega-3 fatty acid content of the enzymatic method compared to chemical solvent (hexane) extraction, enzymatic method was preferred as a safe and environment-friendly extraction technique.


Abstract This paper compares the performances of several algorithms for profiling the rain rate from a spaceborne radar. Three techniques are considered: single frequency (or SF) at 13.8, or 24 GHz; dual frequency (or DF) at 13.8 and 24 GHz; and dual beam (or DB) at 24 GHz. The beam footprint resolution L is taken in the range 1.5–3 km. Other characteristics of the radar are based on realistic values. In the evaluation of algorithm performances, emphasis is put on the nonuniform beam-filling effect because of its direct impact on the required cross-range resolution. Sensitivity of the algorithms to the speckle noise, the radar calibration error, and the variability in drop size distribution is also investigated. The study is achieved by using a three-dimensional simulation tool applied, first to model raincells, and then to precipitation field from real data. Raincells with exponential–-or Gaussian–-shapes, and various rain-rate peaks and D/L ratios, where D is the raincell "diameter," are explored. Real ...


This lecture note adresses the correspondence between spectral flows, often associated to unidirectional modes, and Chern numbers associated to degeneracy points. The notions of topological indices (Chern numbers, analytical indices) are introduced for non specialists with a wave physics or condensed matter background. The correspondence is detailed with several examples, including the Dirac equations in two dimensions, Weyl fermions in three dimensions, the shallow water model and other generalizations.


This study investigates the relationship between financial liberalization, democratic institutions, and income inequality in Pakistan by using a two-state Markov switching (MS) methodology for the period 1972–2017. The dynamic factor modelling approach is used to construct the financial liberalization index. The impact of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) of 2007–2008 on financial liberalization–institutions–inequality nexus was checked using the Chow breakpoint test. The result reveals no significant effect of GFC on Pakistan's economy. Results from the MS model divulge that financial liberalization lessens income inequality in the high-income inequality regime as well as in the low-income inequality regime. The result further discloses that democratic institutions enhance income inequality in high-income inequality regimes while reduce income inequality in the low-inequality regime. While studying the joint role of democratic institutions and financial liberalization, it is observed that the weak role of democratic institutions offsets the benefits of financial liberalization in the high-income inequality regime; however, institutions and financial liberalization are supportive in reducing income inequality in the low-inequality regime. Besides, the results also confirm the existence of Kuznets hypothesis in Pakistan. Therefore, there is a need for further reforms to revamp institutions to reduce income inequality in Pakistan.


To present psychoanalysis as social theory is unusual. Psychology and sociology seem far apart, and especially in the bourgeois age they appear to belong to opposite dimensions. In the struggle of "world views" the tendency is to regard humanly relevant reality as constituted either by inner drives or by capital use and class war. Anything between the two is rejected. In the following I will argue that, first, Freud's psychology, the core of which is a biographical theory of neurotic disturbance, necessarily implies a theory of society; second, that Freud, thirty years after his decisive psychological discoveries, also explicitly developed this latent social theory (1927); third and finally, that Freud's therapeutic procedure is homologous with the (critical) theory of natural socialization—the dialectic of alienation and assimilation.


A sufficient condition of decentralized robust stabilization for a class of nonlinear composite large-scale systems is proposed. Which is only related to the condition of stabilization of linearized approximately subsystems and the coupled terms. Furthermore, the condition of stability of the closed-loop systems doesn′t depend on the construction of Lyapunov function. The simulation result shows the effectiveness of the method.


Introduction: Job stress and low job self-efficacy are among the most important job hazards in the modern era. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of self-hypnosis training and ego strengthening on reducing job stress and increasing job self-efficacy of Mashhad girls' primary school teachers. Method: The present study is a quasi-experimental study that was conducted in 1398 on 24 teachers working in girls' primary schools in two groups of self-hypnosis (n = 12) and control (n = 12). The intervention group underwent 3 individual sessions of self-hypnosis training and ego strengthening, each session for 90 minutes once a week.Data were collected by Riggs-Knight Job Self-Efficacy Scale and Cohen Job Stress during three stages before intervention, after intervention and one month later and analyzed using Mancova test. Results: The results showed that the mean scores of job self-efficacy and job stress during the test stages in the self-hypnosis and ego strengthening training groups showed a significant increase and decrease compared to the control group (P <0.05), respectively. Also, in the follow-up stage after one month, the experimental group showed a significant decrease in job stress compared to the control group compared to the post-test and pre-test (P <0.05), but in job self-efficacy, no significant difference was observed between the post-test and follow-up. P> 0.05). Conclusion: According to the research findings, self-hypnosis training and ego strengthening are effective in reducing job stress and increasing job self-efficacy.


Acknowledgements This workshop was supported [in part] by a gift to the Sustainability Science Program at Harvard University by Italy's Ministry for Environment, Land and Sea. The authors are grateful to the workshop speakers and participants for their enthusiastic engagement and insightful thoughts. The authors are grateful to the Italian Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea for their financial support for both this workshop as well as for associated background materials. All responsibility for any errors or misjudgments contained herein rests solely with the authors.


The overall key technical research of the Long March 5 launch vehicle is introduced, such as the optimization design of large low temperature launch vehicle aerodynamic shape, attitude control design of swing booster engine, and large strap-on launch vehicle force and thermal environment analysis method, etc. The overall optimization technology scheme is advanced. New design and simulation technology are adopted and verified through the large ground test. Long March 5 achieves the 14-ton carrying capacity of GTO, and the overall technology reaches the international advanced level of similar launch vehicles. To meet the needs of deep space exploration missions, the overall technical research level of Long March 5 has been optimized and improved.


In the design and fabrication of MEMS devices, MEMS fabrication process based on Silicon is a main tech-nology, to which is deeply paid attention by researchers and industries. Because of the characters of MEMS devices, its bonding area is from micro area to milli-area, thus traditional methods to test bonding strength are not sufficient any more. Measuring the strength of that scale has become the choke point for MEMS development. We first defined a new way, a series of single crystal cantilever beam was taken to test max shear stress of bonding strength in micro area., the square bonding profile length from 6μm to 120μm, the calculated lateral shear forces that cause a lateral displacement of 1 micro at the free end are comparable from theory and solid element. the relative error is about 4.9% and this error is acceptable in engineering. Experimental results obtain a curve of torsional strength versus the bonding area, and the designer can use it to determine the bonding area according to the required torque for their MEMS devices.


ABSTRACTHabitual physical activity of about 1,700 males, age 16 years and over, in a total community was assessed by questionnaire and interview. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure was recorded as part of their medical examination. The present analysis is concerned with the relationship between h


Despite their apparent pervasiveness, individual political behaviors in organizations have received minimal theoretical and research attention. This discussion focuses on individual power related behaviors. A conceptual scheme links: (a) the bases of individual power; (b) the intent of the powerholder; and (c) the means of the powerholder. Implications for related areas and suggested research approaches are discussed.


The design and commissioning process of the removal of ash and slag from W-flame boiler of a power plant 330 MW unit in Vietnam were introduced in this paper.The abnormalities existing in the design and operation of ash and slag removal system,such as cracker and overflow pump,were analyzed during the commissioning process.These resolution methods and suggestions which remove these questions were also proposed herein.


Vision impairment or vision loss resulting from an acquired brain injury (also known as ABI VI) is caused by damage to the areas of the brain that are responsible for sight and coordinating eye movements. There are many causes that include stroke, brain tumour, head injury and infections such as meningitis.


Shannon M. Whalen Multicultural Unit for Fourth Grade 2000 Dr. Gini Doolittle Educational Leadership The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of a multicultural, interdisciplinary unit on fourth grade students using an action research design. The unit included eight cultures that aligned with the Social Studies curriculum. Students learned to appreciate different cultures and experience the ideas and practices of those cultures. This study took place at Mary Ethel Costello School with students in grade four. The population sample was limited due to the fact that the study was only conducted with fourth grade students. All students and each teacher received survey questionnaires. Categories were designed to organize the data. Observations of students were conducted. Teacher presentations and interactions with students were explored. The data shows that teachers believe students were interested in the lessons and that students did gain an understanding of multiculturalism. The data also suggests that students enjoyed learning about the cultures and wanted to learn more.


ABSTRACT Objective To compare the performance of Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraft/Theoretical, Hoffer Q, Barrett Universal II, Kane, and Hill-radial basis function formulas to calculate intraocular lens power in eyes with normal axial length, in terms of predicting target refraction by using partial coherence interferometry technology. Methods Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation were performed in 135 eyes of 135 patients with an axial length between 22 and 24.5 mm. Axial length, keratometry, and anterior chamber depth were measured by intraocular lens Master 500. Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraft/Theoretical, Hoffer Q, Barrett Universal II, Kane, and Hill-radial basis function formulas were used for intraocular lens power calculations. The difference between the expected postoperative refraction and the mean absolute prediction error was calculated for each eye. Statistical significance was evaluated at the level of p 0.05). Conclusion The study showed the third-generation (Sanders-Retzlaff-Kraft/Theoretical and Hoffer Q), fourth-generation (Barrett Universal II) and new-generation (Kane and Hill-radial basis function) intraocular lens power calculation formulas had similar performances regarding calculation of intraocular lens power to predict target refraction after phacoemulsification in eyes with normal axial length.


The first experimental results from the Test-Rig for Organic Vapors (TROVA) at Politecnico di Milano are reported. The facility implements an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) where the expansion process takes place within a straight axis convergent-divergent nozzle, which is the simplest geometry representative of an ORC turbine blade passage. In order to reduce the required input thermal power, a batch operating mode was selected for the plant. Experimental runs with air allowed to verify the throttling valve operation and the measurement techniques, which include total pressure and temperature measurements in the settling chamber, static pressure measurements along the nozzle axis. A double-passage Schlieren technique is used to visualize the flow field in the nozzle throat and divergent section and to determine the position of shock waves within the flow field. The first experimental observation of non-ideal nozzle flows are presented for the expansion of siloxane fluid MDM (C8H24O2Si3, octamethyltrisiloxane) for vapor expansion in the close proximity of the liquid-vapor saturation curve, at relatively low pressure of operation. A supersonic flow is attained within the divergent section of the nozzle, as demonstrated by the observation of an oblique shock wave at the throat section, where a 0.1 mm recessed step is located. Schlieren visualizations are limited by the occurrence of condensation along the mirror side of the nozzle. Pressure measurements are compatible with the observed flow field.


It has become an accepted approach to attack stochastic programming problems by approximating the given probability distribution in various ways. After sketching one of these approaches for recourse problems, the stability problem with respect to the probability measure, involved with those approximations as well as with inexact information in applied problems, is discussed for recourse and chance constrained models. Published in: J. Guddat, H.Th. Jongen, B. Kummer, and F. Nožicka (eds.): Parametric Optimization and Related Topics. Akademie–Verlag, Berlin (1987) 387–407. ∗Part of this work was accomplished at the MRC, University of Wisconsin-Madison and sponsored by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DCR-8502202. The author greatly appreciates the hospitality and support extended by these institutions. †Address: Institut fur Operations Research und Mathematische Methoden der Wirtschaftswissenschaften der Universitat Zurich, Weinbergstrasse 59, CH-8006 Zurich


We report the growth of high quality ZnSe/GaAs superlattices by migration‐enhanced epitaxy (MEE) and their characterization using x‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and photoluminescence. A streaky reflection high‐energy electron diffraction (RHEED) pattern and strong, persistent RHEED oscillation during the MEE growth of the superlattices indicate a smooth growing surface. The sharp satellite peaks observed clearly in the double‐crystal x‐ray diffraction rocking curve of a 21‐period ZnSe/GaAssuperlattice confirm the excellent crystalline and interfacial quality of the superlattice. Cross‐section high‐resolution electron microscopy indicates coherent lattice arrangement and abrupt interface at ZnSe‐on‐GaAs as well as GaAs‐on‐ZnSe heterointerfaces. Photoluminescence spectra from a superlattice with a periodicity of 40 nm show a strong peak at a wavelength of 829.5 nm with a linewidth of 6.3 meV at a temperature of 10 K; we believe this to be the first observation of photoluminescence from any multilay...


The Agency called... they have a nice little commercial they'd like you to do for a client. They regret however that there isn't much time to get it done as it has to be on the air in three weeks. It's also somewhat regrettable that there isn't a great budget allotted, but you've done a great job before, so there's no problem with you doing a great job again. When you finally get the little masterpiece on the air, everyone's happy. You've done that great job and the commercial is getting all the response it was designed to.


This chapter contains sections titled: Operations on Ensembles Linear Systems; Representations Nonlinear Systems; Representations Objectives of the Present Study This chapter contains sections titled: References ]]>


The current increased environmental awareness is slowly beginning to lead to a positive reconsideration of nuclear power. As part of the price of this acceptance, the industry must demonstrate that there have been substantial and credible improvements in real safety. The safety improvements that are a prerequisite for the international growth of nuclear power encompass not only reduction of risk from severe accidents but also reduction of economic risk and improvements in operating reliabilty. International bodies can help by enabling access to experts and by establishing objective measures of safety. Voluntary specific requirements will cover the details in each specific design.


Phase-locked loop (PLL) with improper bandwidth could lead to potential instability issues for the grid-connected voltage-source converters (VSCs) under weak grid conditions. The current loops of the VSCs can be designed faster as the development of the silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) semiconductor materials. It is questionable whether the PLL's bandwidth could also be designed higher for faster current loop. Hence, the relationship between the bandwidth of the current loop and the bandwidth of the PLL is studied first. It is revealed that the bandwidth of the PLL might not be increased linearly with the increasing of the bandwidth of the current loop, and thus, the traditional design principle, i.e., the bandwidth of the PLL is not higher than one-tenth of that of the current loop, might no longer be suitable. Thus, this paper proposes a design method of the PLL to make the grid-connected VSCs to have adequate stability margin and satisfactory dynamic performances under weak grid conditions. The current loop is designed independently, while the PLL is designed considering the coupling between the current loop and the PLL under weak grid conditions. The simulations and experimental results verify the theoretical analysis and the proposed design method.


www.thelancet.com/diabetes-endocrinology Vol 2 October 2014 767 The importance of glycaemic control in the prevention of diabetic complications continues to be actively explored. In The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology Ian H de Boer and colleagues report that the benefi ts of intensive glucoselowering treatment for develop ment of albuminuria persist for 18 years after the commencement of the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study, the follow-up of the seminal Diabetic Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). A very important fi nding in this paper is that the increased hazard rate for developing albuminuria in the group who received conventional therapy during the DCCT versus the group who received intensive treatment during the DCCT diminishes with time, particularly in the fi rst decade of the EDIC study. For patients in the intensive treatment group, risk reduction of developing microalbuminuria for intensive versus conventional therapy was 58% (95% CI 40 to 71, p<0·001) during EDIC years 1–8 and 10% (–46 to 44, p=0·68) during EDIC years 9–16 in comparison with those in the conventional treatment group. A similar pattern was noted for macroalbuminuria. It cannot be excluded, as suggested by the authors, that this decrease in the underlying hazard rate in the conventional treatment group is due to introduction of contemporary diabetes management approaches that target diabetic complications, thus reducing any excess risk between these patients and those who were previously in the intensive treatment group. The diff erence in event rate, specifi cally microalbuminuria, between the intensive and conventional groups occurred gradually during the fi rst 5–10 years in the EDIC study, and thus the possibility of so-called metabolic memory, which fades over time, has been raised. Previous analyses have shown that better glycaemic control, as shown by HbA1c, in the intensive group explains almost all the betweengroup diff erences in outcomes, including for renal endpoints. Several mechanisms have been postulated to explain the phenomenon of metabolic memory, including epigenetic eff ects and accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). Indeed, a particular epigenetic marker has recently been reported in a maturity (eg, of the liver, lung, and bowel) as opposed to size for a particular gestational age. It must be axiomatic in medicine that we treat people equally, irrespective of race, religion, or politics. However, equal treatment requires the recognition that, although we should all be born equal from the ethical point of view, we are not born genetically identical. Management must take into account genetic diff erences, which are being increasingly recognised; for example, in targeted drug treatment. Treating everyone as though they are developmentally identical is unethical when this approach does not meet their individual needs. Until we all know our own genome in detail, consideration of racial origin can provide a useful surrogate.


This thesis focuses on the participants of the public library activity language cafe, where immigrants and refugees with the help of native Swedes practice the Swedish language. The aim of the thes ...


We give a simple proof of the strong law of large numbers with rates, assuming only finite variance. This note also serves as an elementary introduction to the theory of large deviations, assuming only finite variance, even when the random variables are not necessarily independent.


This work deals with different subjects on nonlinear semidefinite programming (SDP). Thus, while in the first two chapters we show some algorithmic aspects, in chapters 3 and 4 we study theoretical aspects as the perturbation analysis of this problem. In the first chapter we develop a global algorithm that extends the local one S-SDP. This algorithm is based on a Han penalty function and a line search strategy. The second chapter is focused on penalty and barrier methods for solving convex semidefinite programming problems. We prove the convergence of primal and dual sequences obtained by this method. Moreover, we study the two parameters algorithm and extend to semidefinite case the results that are known in usual convex programming. In the second part, that involves chapters 3 and 4, we are interested on the characterization of the strong regularity property in function of second-order optimality conditions. So, in chapter 3, we mainly deal with second-order cone programming problems, whose are a particular instance of semidefinite programming problems. We thus obtain a characterization in this particular case. Finally in chapter 4, we give necessary and sufficient conditions to obtain the strong regularity property in the semidefinite case. However, its characterization is still an open problem.


Out of the 36 genotype screened none of the genotypes were found to be highly susceptible while 3 were highly resistant, 14 resistant, 14 moderately resistant and 5 were susceptible. Parental genotypes DARL-404, PB-89 and VP-266 and cross combinations (F1) PSM-3 x DARL-404, Palam Priya x PSM-3 and VL-7 x PB-89 were found to be resistant. These lines/cross combinations can be used as source for disease resistance


Based on fuzzy mathematics theory, this paper proposes a fuzzy multi-objective optimization model with related constraints to minimize the total economic cost and network loss of microgrid. Uncontrollable microsources are considered as negative load, and stochastic net load scenarios are generated for taking the uncertainty of their output power and load into account. Cooperating with storage devices of the optimal capacity controllable microsources are treated as variables in the optimization process with the consideration of their start and stop strategy. Chaos optimization algorithm is introduced into binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) to propose chaotic BPSO (CBPSO). Search capability of BPSO is improved via the chaotic search approach of chaos optimization algorithm. Tests of four benchmark functions show that the proposed CBPSO has better convergence performance than BPSO. Simulation results validate the correctness of the proposed model and the effectiveness of CBPSO.


Streptococcus mutans is a microorganism that important in dental caries. Herbs are known to have antibacterial activity against oral bacteria. The rhizomes of Curcuma longa and Curcuma zedoaria are two of the eight species of genus Curcuma that are most widely used as traditional herbal medicine in Indonesia. Both rhizomes have antibacterial activity against oral bacteria at a concentration of 12.5%. This study aimed to examine the inhibitory of Curcuma longa and Curcuma zedoaria rhizomes extracts against the growth of Streptococcus mutants. The study was in vitro study. Both rhizomes got from the Experimental Garden of Balittro Manoko Lembang, West Java, Indonesia. The maceration was employed to obtain the extracts with the final extracts of both rhizomes at a concentration of 12.5%. Antibacterial activity test was carried out by using the agar well diffusion method. The positive control group was 0.2% Chlorhexidine and distilled water as a negative control group. The data obtained were then analyzed using the One Way ANOVA Test and Post Hoc Test. Results showed that chlorhexidine 0.2% had the largest mean diameter of the inhibition zone. Curcuma longa rhizome extract had a larger mean diameter of inhibition zone compared to Curcuma zedoaria rhizome extract. However, the difference in the mean values of the two rhizomes extracts was not statistically significant. Distilled water didn't have antibacterial activity. It can be concluded that both Curcuma longa and Curcuma zedoaria rhizomes extracts at a concentration of 12.5% have antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans.


Regional Original Revenue (PAD) is income earned by the regions which is collected based on regional regulations in accordance with laws and regulations to provide autonomy as a manifestation of the principle of decentralization. There are many factors that affect the level of income in an area itself. This study aims to determine how the effect of land and building tax revenues partially and simultaneously on local government revenues. The research method used is a quantitative method. The data for this survey is secondary data in the form of a report on the realization of local tax revenues from the Bandung City Regional Revenue Management Agency in 2018 to 2021 and data on the realization of the regional income and expenditure budget of the Bandung City Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency. It was concluded that at the time of the Land Tax and Building (PBB) increases, it will increase the level of achievement of the target of local revenue for West Bandung Regency in 2018-2021.


This article studies the corrosion behavior of the TiNi alloy in the coarse-grained and ultrafine-grained states. The study of the influence of the initial microstructure on the corrosion behavior of the TiNi alloy was carried out by the gravimetric method in the NaCl and H2SO4 solution for a month. Studies was shown that as a result of the action of a corrosive medium from a sample in a coarse-grained state, it undergoes greater destruction, pitting corrosion was observed, at the same time, in an ultrafine-grained sample only traces of corrosion products are observed on the surface of the samples. Investigations with an inverted light microscope in a dark field made it possible to observe corrosion products and determine their volume fraction. Evaluation of the corrosion rate showed that in the coarse-grained state it is 126 times higher than the corrosion rate in the ultrafine-grained state. Analysis of X-ray phase analysis showed that in the coarse-grained state after corrosion tests, a significant proportion of the TiNiH1.4 phase is observed, while in the ultrafine-grained state all phases correspond only to the TiNi phases. The TiNi alloy contains an Ti2Ni phase enriched Ti both in the coarse-grained state and in the ultrafine-grained state. Moreover, in a coarse-grained state, its share is 2 times higher.


The invention relates to a winding method of a foil-piecing type coil and a winding machine, wherein winding method of the strip foil-piecing type comprises the steps of making thin metal tapes, coiling threads, fixing a head portion, winding and piecing foil. The winding machine comprises a carriage for bearing, and the carriage is provided with a winding mold which is provided with a copper barfor fixing the thread ends, wherein the winding mold is connected with a motor, a tensioning mechanism, an insulating roll material bracket, an end insulating roll material bracket and a support roller through a driving mechanism, winding discs which can coil narrow band type metal tapes thereon is rotatably sleeved on the main shafts of the brackets, and a baffle is arranged between two adjacentwinding discs. The invention can use narrow tapes to piece into a coil, thereby replacing a whole piece of foil.


The critical dynamics in Cd 1-x Mn x Te is investigated by accurate Faraday rotation measurements carried out in the vicinity of the freezing temperature on compounds of composition x=0.38 and x=0.50. The temperature dependence of the average relaxation time is well described by conventional power law, for critical temperatures T c =9.9±0.1 K (x=0.381 and T c =17±0.1 K (x=0.50). The validity of the dynamic scaling law for the imaginary part of the complex susceptibility is tested using the χ''(T,ω) data obtained in the entire temperature and frequency range. The best scalings performed for the above T c values yield a dynamic exponent zv=9±1 and an order-parameter exponent g=0


With increasing nickel cost, various kinds of alternatives to nickel plating and nickel saving technicses have been developed. The different nickel plating alternative and nickel saving technicses, including iron and steel immersed copper plating, non-cyanide alkaline copper plating, Cu–Sn and Ni–Fe alloy electroplating, nanometer nickel plating, thin-layer bright nickel plating and decorative chromium plating with zinc or zinc alloy as under layer etc, were reviewed. Some sealing methods after thin nickel plating were introduced.


We calculate the dressed gluon and ghost propagators of Landau gauge Yang-Mills theory in the complex momentum plane from their Dyson-Schwinger equations. To this end, we develop techniques for a direct calculation such that no mathematically ill-posed inverse problem needs to be solved. We provide a detailed account of the employed ray technique and discuss a range of tools to monitor the stability of the numerical calculation. Within a truncation employing model ansaetze for the three-point vertices and neglecting effects due to four-point functions, we find a singularity in the gluon propagator in the second quadrant of the complex $p^2$-plane. Although the location of this singularity turns out to be strongly dependent on the model for the three-gluon vertex, it occurs always at complex momenta for the range of models considered.


We briefly introduce the online learning environment INFACT, and then we describe its textual feedback system. The system automatically provides written comments to students as they work through scripted activities related to image processing. The commenting takes place in the context of an online discussion group, to which students are posting answers to questions associated with the activities. Then we describe our experience using the system with a class of university freshmen and sophomores. Automatic feedback was compared with human feedback, and the results indicated that in spite of advantages in promptness and thoroughness of the automatically delivered comments, students preferred human feedback, because of its better match to their needs and the human's ability to suggest consulting another student who had just faced a similar problem.


Background and methods: In this report, layered microporous titanate nanowire scaffolds (TiNWs) were constructed via a hydrothermal route and then decorated with anatase nanocrystals (ANs@TiNWs) by immersion in TiCl4 solution. The diameter and specific surface area of the ANs@TiNWs was measured. The TiNWs and ANs@TiNWs were then compared for their ability to adsorb protein and adhere to MG63 cells. Results: The diameter and specific surface area of the ANs@TiNWs were significantly larger than for TiNWs, and the ANs@TiNWs had an enhanced protein-adsorbing effect. It was found that the MG63 cells were less able to adhere to the flat titanium substrate than the TiNWs and ANs@TiNWs, and that this cell-repellant ability was greater with ANs@TiNWs. Other MG63 cell functions, proliferation in particular, were also inhibited by ANs@TiNWs. Conclusion: ANs@TiNWs show a high protein adsorption and cell-repellant capacity which would be useful in drug delivery.


A non-iterative and modular real time model by volumetric method for gas turbine was presented and its algorithm was discussed.A generic ControllerIn-Loop gas turbine simulation platform was established.High precision real time clock was obtained on PC.A simulation test of start-up,load up,load down and load rejection for a single shaft gas turbine with a high-pressure and a lowpressure compressor was carried out based on this real time model and platform.And the most ideal dynamic response characteristic of gas turbine was obtained by tuning the parameters of a PID controller.Results show that the presented model,algorithm and platform can meet the needs of high precision Controller-In-Loop simulation of gas turbines.It will benefit the engineering applications.


ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of fluticasone propionate (Fp) and Fp/salmeterol (FS) administered via a novel multidose dry powder inhaler (MDPI) that is easy to use correctly in asthma patients. Methods: This phase-3, multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group study evaluated asthmatic patients (≥12 years of age) previously treated with either low- or mid-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) or ICS/long-acting beta agonists. After a 14- to 21-day run-in, patients were randomized to Fp MDPI 50 mcg, Fp MDPI 100 mcg, FS MDPI 50/12.5 mcg, FS MDPI 100/12.5 mcg, or placebo twice daily for 12 weeks. Change from baseline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1; primary endpoint) was evaluated at week 12, and serial spirometry was collected at day 1 and week 12 (subset of patients). Safety was assessed by adverse events (AEs). Results: The full analysis and serial spirometry subset included 640 and 312 patients, respectively. At week 12, FS MDPI significantly improved FEV1 from baseline at each dose vs corresponding Fp MDPI doses (p < 0.05). Change from baseline in FEV1 for active treatment groups was significantly greater vs placebo (p < 0.05). After 12 weeks, serial spirometry was significantly greater at all time points in the FS MDPI groups vs corresponding Fp MDPI groups (p < 0.05). Improvements in serial spirometry on day 1 were maintained through week 12. AEs were similar across groups. Conclusions: Pulmonary function was significantly improved with Fp MDPI and FS MDPI vs placebo and FS MDPI vs Fp MDPI. Active treatments had a safety profile comparable to placebo.