Ad hoc networks have been used in wide range of applications. These networks have become versatile as far implementation is concerned. Such networks have been used from static deployment to mobile network formations. Apart from Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) and Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), another ad hoc formation with mobile nodes is the aerial ad hoc networks also termed as Flying Ad Hoc Networks (FANETs). A coordinated network formation between the ground ad hoc network and aerial ad hoc network provides vast applications in both civilian and military activities. Various existing issues of mobile networks can easily be resolved using aerial network formations. However, these networks similar to the traditional ad hoc formations are having a major issue of broadcast storming and network partitioning. These issues hinder the performance of such networks. Broadcast storming refers to replication of similar data in the network that increases the overheads which ultimately leads to network failure. In this paper, broadcast storming is considered as a problem and a possible solution is provided for it by keeping control over network partitioning issues. The proposed approach uses parameter sensitivity which is derived over optimized value of nodes configurations to form a topological arrangement. This topological arrangement is formed using logical proximity graphs which operate over link weight and parameter sensitivity. The proposed route discovery strategy under the proposed approach is capable of handling issues related to broadcast storms without affecting the network performance.


The present invention is related to a method for capturing the shape of a dento- maxillofacial object out of volumetric image data of the dento-maxillofacial object. The method comprises the steps of: a) performing a segmentation of the volumetric image data with at least one calculated segmentation parameter indicative of the distinction between the dento-maxillofacial object and its background and derived from a calibration procedure, and b) capturing the shape of the dento-maxillofacial object from the segmented volumetric image data.


This paper describes our current efforts towards creating cooperative analog/digital signal processing (CADSP) systems for auditory sensor and signal processing applications. We address resolution issues that affect the choice of signal processing algorithms arriving from an analog sensor. We discuss current analog circuit approaches towards the front-end signal processing by reviewing major programmable analog building blocks and showing how they can be interconnected to create a complete system. We also discuss our current analog signal processing front-end system for speech recognition. Experimental data is presented from circuits fabricated using a 0.5 /spl mu/m nwell CMOS process available through MOSIS.


The phenomena connected with wear and friction processes are the most often the reason of machine parts damage. Therefore, the possibilities of the exposed machine parts life increase are searched for. One of them is the use of special wear resistant overlays on the functional machine parts surfaces. But the producers and dealers do not provide data about overlays regarding their wear resistance. Searching the optimum solution, it proceeds usually from the own experimental results. In the paper the laboratory abrasion resistance test results of chosen hard facing materials using the pin-on-disk abrasion testing machine are published. Overlays of three different electrodes made in one, two and three and in one case in five layers were tested. The evaluations of the wear resistance, abrasive particles size influence and relation between hardness and wear resistance were the aim of the carried out experiments.


Appendicitis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of any patient presenting with abdominal pain. But inconsistencies in presentation, especially among the young and the elderly, can lead to errors in diagnosis. This article describes the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of appendicitis.


The formation of three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasonic images requires the acquisition of the 3-D data set, the segmentation of the data into regions of different tissue types, and the rendering of the image. To produce 3-D ultrasonic images in real-time, the segmentation of tissues must be done automatically and rapidly. Two algorithms were developed based on artificial intelligence principles to segment data into the overlying soft-tissue and bone: an expert system utilizing the forward chaining application of rules, and a three-layer, counter-propagation neural network. The 3-D structure, a test object, and in-vivo bone were imaged with small error. The expert system performed better than the neural network and the neural network showed potential for future use.<<ETX>>


here is increasing evidence that the number of undiscovered and habitually threatened species on earth is much greater than previously understood, this is especially so for invertebrates such as crabs. Reliable taxonomy is essential to the repeatability of most biological research. Advances in data of the biology and ecology of many little known groups, including brachyuran crabs, are critically constrained by their underdeveloped taxonomy. Identification is very important for research and farming of any aquatic animals and crabs are no exception.


We present Δ14C measurements of particulate organic carbon (POC) collected on four cruises at our time series site (station M) in the northeast Pacific Ocean. We observe a large gradient with depth in the suspended POC Δ14C values (124–160‰). These profiles display lower Δ14C values (by 20–30‰) in samples between 2500 m and the bottom during June 1992 and July 1993 than those during February and October 1992. Values of Δ14C in sinking POC from deep-moored sediment trap collections suggest a semiannual trend that displays lower overall Δ14C in material collected during periods of high flux. A limited number of Δ14C measurements of small swimmers picked from the trap 650 m above bottom are similar to surface Δ14C measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and suspended POC, indicating a surface carbon source. Overall, we postulate that the major process causing lower Δ14C values of deep suspended and sinking POC is sorption (or biological incorporation) of "old" DOC onto particulate matter. There appears to be a higher ratio of DOC sorbed to sinking particulate matter at times of high flux (late spring and early fall) that can be thought of as a "stripping out" of DOC from the water column. The DIC Δ14C display a small seasonal variation in the surface waters and is not the sole source of the observed seasonality in the POC Δ14C signals.


Three series of liquid crystalline and photocrosslinkable poly(4,4′-stilbeneoxy) alkylarylphosphates were synthesized from various 4,4′-bis(m-hydroxyalkyloxy)stilbenes (m = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10) and arylphosphorodichloridates in chloroform by solution polycondensation method. Polarized optical microscope (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) observations revealed that polymers containing less than four methylene spacer groups did not exhibit liquid crystalline (LC) texture, possibly due to smaller microdomain and restricted movement of the mesogen. In contrast, polymers containing more than four methylene spacer group established LC texture, which has been attributed to the larger monodomain and free movement of mesogens. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) data indicated that thermal stability and char yield decreased with increasing flexible methylene spacer groups, increased significantly for biphenyloxy and 1-naphthyloxy containing polymers than that of phenyloxy containing polymers ascribed to increasing aromaticity, size, and number of aromatic rings. Photocrosslinking of stilbene containing polymers has been shown to proceed via 2π-2π cycloaddition reaction by Ultra-violet (UV) and fluorescence. The rate photocrosslinking has been found to increase with increasing number of methylene group in the main chain. The aromaticity of the side chain also increases the rate of crosslinking. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers


The fundamental parameters that reproduce a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum in gases, liquids, and solids are the four tensor quantities: the NMR chemical shift of the nucleus, the indirect nuclear spin–spin coupling, the nuclear electric quadrupole coupling, and the direct dipolar coupling tensors. The first three are intimately related to the local electronic structure at the nucleus and the chemical bonds connecting the nuclei. On the other hand, the direct nuclear spin dipole–dipole interaction depends directly and entirely on the third power of the inverse of the direct through-space distance between two nuclei, whether bonded or otherwise. In gases and in liquids where free tumbling of the molecules bearing the nuclear spins leads to isotropic averaging of these quantities, only the isotropic average values, the average of three components along the principal axes of the chemical shift and the indirect spin–spin coupling tensors determine the observed frequencies in the NMR spectrum. In the solid state, restricted motion permits the tensors to manifest all the components, whether the sample is a polycrystalline powder, an amorphous solid, or a single crystal. Theoretical calculations of the NMR chemical shift, indirect spin–spin coupling, and nuclear quadrupole coupling parameters, using quantum mechanical methods, permit the prediction of NMR spectra and provide the physical basis for the relationship between the parameters and molecular electronic structure, which may include local electronic structure (electronic distribution in the immediate vicinity of the nucleus and neighboring bonds), local molecular geometry, bond connectivities, stereochemical structure, as well as subtleeffects of the chemical environment, such as contributions from remote parts of the molecule, tertiary and secondary structure, crystal packing, solvent effects, and isotopic substitution.


ABSTRACT Democratic backsliding does not necessarily see all democratic institutions erode in parallel fashion. This article analyses contemporary democratic backsliding through the lens of institutional change, as a process of "democratic decoupling," in which a systematic gap opens up between the constitutive features of liberal democracy. Specifically, we focus on the worldwide decoupling between electoral quality and rights protections over the past decade. Using global data from the V-Dem project, we establish that elections are improving and rights are retracting in the same time period, and in many of the same cases. We offer several illustrative examples from Asia of illiberal juggernauts who have ridden the waves of free and fair elections to do great damage to rights protections, focusing primarily on Narendra Modi and the ruling BJP in the world's largest democracy, India.


To limit global warming, greenhouse gases need to substantially be reduced in all sectors of the economy (IPCC, 2014). The Netherlands has translated this to ambitious goals towards a more sustainable environment. It aims to reach a 40% CO2 emission reduction compared to 1990 and have 27% of the total generated energy be produced through renewable energy by 2030. The large required adoption of renewable energy sources – like wind energy – evoke concerns by stakeholders of the Dutch electricity systems. The influence of a large capacity of renewable electricity production on the electricity system and on the electricity prices towards 2030, is uncertain. Besides it is unclear whether these targets are even within reach as these unknowns negatively influence the investment environment. How will the changing energy production mix interplay with the future electricity price of 2030 in the Netherlands? Answers to this research question can help energy utility companies and external financiers by providing insights in the future Dutch electricity system and in the future electricity prices, and thereby supporting them in making investment decisions. The results of this research might be of interest for policymakers, as the insights of the future Dutch electricity system can support them in the design of future policies. Using literature on the Dutch electricity system design, a translation is made to implement the system in a System Dynamics model – using Vensim software. Following a System Dynamics validation process and by comparing the model output with historical data, a foundation has been created to execute simulations. A Monte Carlo Analysis has been performed in order to deal with uncertainties of external forces and megatrends that influence the electricity system towards 2030. To explore the strengths and weaknesses of the designed System Dynamics model, it is compared with existing electricity system simulation models. The simulation model shows that the energy production mix will become more sustainable with more wind electricity production capacity and a decline of carbon intensive electricity production capacity. Due to the large adoption of wind energy capacity, the electricity prices will become more volatile towards 2030 – as the unpredictable wind speed will have more effect on the total available electricity supply when the installed capacity of wind becomes larger. The increased volatility negatively influences the stability of the electricity system and therefore more import and export capacity is needed to maintain stability. The interpretation of the results has led to several recommendations to various stakeholders of the Dutch electricity system. The Transmission System Operator might need to extend the interconnector capacity to neighbor countries to increase its import and export capabilities when the electricity system is subjected to a shortage or surplus of electricity supply. Policymakers should closely monitor the development of the CO2-price, this factor determines to a large extent the adoption of wind energy capacity. Every study is subjected to limitations. The limitations of this study and System Dynamics model consist of the absence of significant literature supporting the expected development of external forces towards 2030, the model consists of a simplified investment process, no simulations are performed on electricity (prices) of neighbor countries and wind energy capacity is the only renewable energy source that has been taken into account. This research contributes to science by designing the Dutch electricity system in a System Dynamics model. For different stakeholders it provides insights in the development of the Dutch electricity system towards 2030. To KPMG the System Dynamics process shows to be an interesting analytics tool.


An oil spill risk analysis was conducted to determine the relative environmental hazards of developing oil in different regions of the Norton Sound, Alaska, (Proposed Sale 57) Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) lease area. The probability of spill occurrences, likely movement of oil slicks, and locations of resources vulnerable to spilled oil were analyzed. The times between spill occurrence and contact with various resources were also estimated. The combined results yielded estimates of the overall risks associated with development of the proposed lease area. Assuming that oil exists in the lease area (a 14-percent chance) and depending upon the routes chosen to transport oil from OCS platforms to the shore, the leasing of the tracts proposed for OCS Sale 57 will result in an expected 2.8 oil spills (of 1,000 barrels or larger). The estimated probability that land will be contacted by one or more oil spills (of 1,000 barrels or larger) that have been at sea less than 30 days is 0.51 to 0.53, depending on the proposed transportation method chosen. Introduction The Federal Government has proposed to offer Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) lands off the Norton Sound, Alaska, coast for oil and gas leasing. The conditional mean estimate of oil resources for the proposed 429 tracts is 480 million barrels of crude oil. The probability that oil occurs in commercial quantities in the sale area is 14 percent. The chance that oil will not be found in economically recoverable quantities is 86 percent. This report examines what could happen if oil is found. Contingent upon actual discovery of oil, production is expected to span a period of 25 years. Oil spills are a major problem associated with offshore oil production. An important fact that stands out when one attempts to evaluate the significance of accidental oil spills is that the problem is fundamentally probabilistic. Uncertainty exists about the amount of oil that will be produced from the leases and the number and size of spills that might occur during the life of production, as well as the wind and current conditions that would exist at the time of a spill occurrence and give direction to the oil slick. Although some of the uncertainty reflects incomplete and imperfect data, considerable uncertainty is simply inherent in the problem of describing future events over which complete control cannot be exercised. Since it can not be predicted with certainty that a probabilistic event such as an oil spill will occur, only the likelihood of occurrence can be quantified. The range of possible effects that may accompany a decision on oil and gas production must be considered. In attempting to maintain perspective on the problem, each potential effect must be associated with a quantitative estimate of its probability of occurrence. This report summarizes results of an oilsplll risk analysis conducted for the proposed Norton Sound OCS Lease Sale 57. The study had the objective of determining relative risks associated with oil and gas production in different regions of the proposed lease area. The study was undertaken for consideration in the draft environmental impact statement (EIS), which is prepared for the area by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and to aid in the final selection of tracts to be offered for sale. A description of the oilspill trajectory analysis model used in this analysis can be found in previous papers (Lanfear and others, 1979; Smith and others, 1980; Lanfear and Samuels, 1981). The analysis was conducted in three parts corresponding to different aspects of the overall problem. The first part dealt with the probability of oilspill occurrence, and the second with the trajectories of oilspills from potential launch points to various targets. Results of the first two parts of the analysis were then combined to give estimates of the overall oilspill risk associated with oil and gas production in the lease area. Peelslonmaking Under Risk and Uncertainty Oil spill impacts result primarily from two events that are probabilistic in nature: oil spill occurrence caused by accidents, and oil spill movement directed by random winds and currents. Although a probabilistic event (such as an oil spill) cannot be predicted with certainty, the likelihood of occurrence can be quantified. The likelihood that oil spills will result from an OCS leasing decision can be estimated, but whether they will actually occur can only be known after the area is explored and the oil, if any, is produced. This situation is in contrast to a deterministic situation where a particular action can be depended upon to produce a specific result. In making decisions under risk and uncertainty, investigators must understand that a choice can have a range of possible outcomes. Generally, a desire to maximize the likelihood of the most favorable outcomes must be tempered by the need to minimize the probability of highly unfavorable outcomes. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Oil spill Trajectory Analysis (OSTA) Model was designed to reflect the range of possible outcomes of leasing decisions by estimating the probability of occurrence for each discrete outcome; specifically, it estimates the likelihood that a particular target will be contacted by 0, 1, 2, ..., N oil spills during the production life of an OCS lease area. The probability that, if an oil spill occurs at a given launch point, it will contact a particular target is termed a conditional probability. Such conditional probabilities can be very useful in identifying those launch points at which an oilspill, if it occurs, will pose the highest risks to various targets. Tables of conditional probabilities can help the analyst to select alternatives that will reduce overall risk. However, conditional probabilities do not include the probability of oil spill occurrence. It is assumed that a tract that contains little or no oil is a small risk because, no matter how high the conditional probability of contacting a target may be, the small amount of oil makes it unlikely that an oilspill will occur. Also, conditional probabilities for spills originating at the production platforms do not necessarily reflect the risks of spills during transportation. For these reasons, analysts are cautioned against basing judgments solely upon conditional probabilities. Summary of the Proposed Action and the Major Alternatives The proposed action is to lease 429 tracts on the Outer Continental Shelf off the Norton Sound coast. The study area for this analysis includes all of these tracts and extends from latitude 62 degrees N to 56 degrees 5 minutes N, and from longitude 159 degrees 24 minutes W to 169 degrees 7 minutes W. The study area and the proposed tracts are shown on a Mercator projection in figure 1. The subdivisions of the proposed tracts are shown in figure 2. The launch points, which represent platform locations, pipeline routes, and tanker routes, are shown in figure 3. Two oil transportation scenarios were analyzed for the proposed action and each of three tract deletion alternatives. In the first scenario (referred to as "onshore"), all the oil from the lease area would be piped to a terminal onshore (P8) near Nome, Alaska. From there, the oil would be transported south by tankers out of the study area. In the second scenario, (referred to as "offshore") all the oil would be piped to an offshore terminal (Pll) near the center of the lease area. From there the oil would be tankered south out of the study area. The three tract deletion alternatives are as follows: 1. northern tracts deleted (tract groups A and B) 2. southern tracts deleted (tract groups E, F, and G) 3. eastern tracts deleted (tract groups B, D, and G) For the offshore transportation scenario of the east deletion alternative, the oil from the remaining tracts is piped to a terminal near the southeast edge of the lease area (P2) and tankered south from there. Environmental Resources The locations of 19 categories of biological resources (or targets, as they are designated in this paper) were digitized in the same coordinate system, or base map, as that used in trajectory simulations. Targets were selected by BLM analysts. Maps showing the digitized targets are shown in appendix A, figures A-l to A-19. The monthly sensitivity of these targets was also recorded so that, for example, a target such as migrating birds could be contacted by simulated oil spills only when the birds would be in the area. Mid-boundary and seabird foraging areas 1 through 5 were given two sets of seasonal vulnerabilities (summer and winter). In this analysis, the winter season includes the months December to May, and the summer season includes the months June to November. The targets are listed below: Average shorefast ice zone 1 (winter) Average shorefast ice zone 2 (winter) Average shorefast ice zone 3 (winter) Average shorefast ice zone 4 (winter) Fi gu re l. -Ma p sh ow in g th e No rt on S ou nd O CS L ea se S al e 57 st ud y ar ea a nd t he p ro po se d le as e tr ac ts


This article integrates a critical race (CRT) and intersectional conceptual lens to illuminate racial power dynamics when white-dominated non-profit organizations engage a collaborative strategy in communities of colour. Utilizing this integrated lens, we also critically assess our own positionality as researchers conducting community-based research in communities of colour. CRT and intersectionality broadens our explanatory power by providing the methodological tools – storytelling, critical autoethnography and narrative that illuminate the experiences of people of colour, and contradicts the majoritarian research narrative that dominates our understanding on non-profit collaborative strategy in communities of colour. Through this approach, we provide an insight and offer practical suggestions that enable a more just and inclusive community development praxis.


Abstract The aim of this paper is to consider the following two problems:(1) find sufficient conditions on the analytic coefficients of the differential equation for all analytic solutions to belong to the general family function space;(2) for a given Blaschke sequence satisfying certain conditions, find a function A(z), analytic in such that possesses a solution having zeros precisely at the points of this sequence. Estimate the growth of the resulting function A(z). The results we obtain are a generalization of some earlier results by Heittokangas, Korhonen and Rättyä.


Abstract : This paper describes a class of convex programs with tree constraints that has applications in production planning, capacity expansion, and other related areas. A reduction procedure is presented for solving this class of convex programs with N variables. This reduction procedure determines an optimal solution to the convex problem by solving at most N simple convex subproblems. Hence, this reduction procedure is an efficient approach for solving large scale convex programs of this sort.


In the last time the Ministry of Education has given greater relevance to the seals that identify each educational establishment and which are embodied in the Institutional Education Projects. These are considered the starting point for parents and parents when choosing among the varied educational offer presented in their environment. However, due to recent research, it has been shown that schools and colleges are not able to define its own stamp or deliver various proposals to families. For this reason, this article presents educational seals will be discussed in the Chilean educational institutions and described the steps to create that identity that characterizes them.


.................................................................................................................. I PREFACE ................................................................................................................... III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................... VI TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................ VIII LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................... XII CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION.......................................................................... 1 HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF TODAY'S HEALTH AND SOCIAL INEQUALITIES EXPERIENCED BY MĀORI .................................................................................... 2 COLONISATION AND URBANISATION ...................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION OF ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUGS .................................................. 4 TE TIRITI O WAITANGI (THE TREATY OF WAITANGI) ............................................. 5 MODELS OF MĀORI HEALTH WITHIN THE HEALTH SECTOR .................................. 6 KAUPAPA MĀORI AND MĀORI HEALTH SERVICE DEVELOPMENT .......................... 8 RONGO ATEA YOUTH ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUG RESIDENTIAL TREATMENT SERVICE PROGRAMME BACKGROUND ................................................................ 9 THESIS OVERVIEW ................................................................................................ 10 Terminology .......................................................................................................... 11 Adolescence .................................................................................................. 12 Māori Rangatahi .................................................................................................... 12 Substance Use/Abuse & Dependence ........................................................... 13 CHAPTER OUTLINE ................................................................................................ 14 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW .......................................................... 16 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 16 Search Strategy ...................................................................................................... 16 PREVALENCE OF SUBSTANCE USE AND MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES AMONG NEW ZEALAND YOUTH ..................................................................................... 17 Substance Use ........................................................................................................ 18 Alcohol Use ........................................................................................................... 19 Nicotine Use .......................................................................................................... 19 Cannabis Use ......................................................................................................... 20 Other Drug Use ...................................................................................................... 20 Substance Misuse................................................................................................... 21


Performance of a digital beamforming concept for GSM1800 uplink was studied by simulation. The receiver algorithm is based on direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation and digital beam steering. The beamformed signal is processed by a multidimensional MLSE equalizer which allows interference suppression. The principal DOA is estimated using the training sequence in order to better separate the desired user and the co-channel interfering users. Simulation results for urban, suburban and rural environments showed that using 8-element antenna arrays offers a gain of 5-6 dB in SNR at 8% BER compared to a conventional 2-branch GSM-receiver (noise limited environment). In interference limited case the receiver performance varied a lot depending on the number of signal paths and their azimuth direction from the co-channel interference.


Industrial processes often involve structure development such as phase separation, coalescence, break-up. Such processes are controlled by the finite range of molecular interactions at the interface, which is closely related to the interfacial thickness [1]. This length scale is not present in the classical sharp-interface theory, which makes it difficult to deal with topological interface changes classically. In diffuse-interface theories the composition is a continuous function with a thickness determined by the finite range of molecular interactions [2]. Thermodynamically, this interaction range is represented by non-local effects in the free energy: the free energy depends not only on the local composition but also on the composition in the immediate environment or, equivalenty, on the local composition gradients [3]. Since the composition is now a continuous function, interfacial tension can be included in the momentum equation as a body force and a direct application of boundary conditions is no longer required. This allows us to use a fixed grid numerical method, which is convenient in case of topological interface changes. A spectral element method [4] is used to discretize the governing equations. Results are obtained for binary nucleation, coalescence and break-up in an external force field. Coalescence is investigated in more detail, considering the sharp-interface limit.


The nursing staff often does not realize the dangers to which it is exposed. The objective of this study is to help identify elements in the work environment at hospitals that can cause psychological problems for nursing professionals and, on that basis, to facilitate strategies for changes to improve working conditions in the interest of better physical and mental health. This is an exploratory and explanatory


A process for producing a raw material for papermaking, the process comprising subjecting aramid paper to a high-pressure jetting treatment to disintegrate the aramid paper into constituent materials, the aramid paper having been formed from fibrids, short fibers, or a mixture thereof which are formed from an aromatic polyamide and having been produced via calendering. According to this production process, aramid paper which has been calendered can be reutilized as a raw material for papermaking without requiring the use of a liquid chemical, etc.


Deep Reinforcement Learning has shown significant progress in complex sequential decision-making tasks. Due to the uncertainty of the power system and the volatility of new energy sources, conventional scheduling methods may lose their effectiveness. This paper proposes an approach for solving the high-renewable penetrated power system scheduling problem by Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) algorithm. Since the action in the method is constrained within a certain range, the convergence of the algorithm is better. The IEEE 30-bus system is used to verify the method and compared with the Deep Q-learning (DQN) , Policy Gradient (PG) algorithms, the results show that the method in this paper has better results in dealing with continuous action space problems.


A field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Farm of S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner, Jaipur (Rajasthan) during the rabi season of 2005-06 using randomized block design with three replication to study the effect of FYM and mineral nutrients on seed and stover yield, content and uptake of nutrients in mustard. The experiment consisted of three levels of FYM viz., control, 5 t/ha & 10 t/ha and five levels of mineral nutrients viz., no mineral nutrients, 40 kg S/ha, 40 kg S/ha+ 25 kg ZnSO4 /ha, 40 kg S/ha + 50 kg FeSO4 /ha and 40 kg S/ha + 25 kg ZnSO4 /ha+ 50 kg FeSO4 /ha. The results revealed that each successive increasing levels of FYM and mineral nutrients individually and in combination significantly increased the seed and stover yield, content and uptake of nitrogen (N), sulphur (S), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) in seed and stover as compared to control. The combined application of FYM and mineral nutrients was found to increase Zn uptake in seed and Fe uptake in stover as compared to their individual application. The highest Zn uptake in seed (87.4 g/ha) and Fe uptake in stover (868.5 g/ha) was obtained under 10 t FYM/ha and 40 kg S/ha+ 25 kg ZnSO4 /ha+ 50 kg FeSO4 /ha (F2 M4 ) treatment.


On November 7–8, 2004, the Washington & Lee University School of Law and the University of Louisville's Louis D. Brandeis School of Law co-sponsored the third Remedies Discussion Forum held at the University of Louisville.1 As with the first two forums, the purpose of this forum was to bring together a small group of prominent remedies scholars to discuss matters of common interest. The papers being published in this symposium are "discussion papers" that were submitted by the participants prior to the meeting and formed the basis for the discussions. During the last decade, the United States Supreme Court has decided two important punitive damage cases: BMW of North America, Inc. v. Gore2 and State Farm Mutual Auto Insurance Co. v. Campbell.3 Because of the significance of these cases, it was decided that punitive damages should be one focus of the forum, and a number of the papers focus on that topic. Dean David F. Partlett asserts a "republican" basis for punitive damages and argues that "[j]udicial reforms should be directed at the strengthening of the jury to bring it into close conformity with its republican rationale as an institution that maximizes the freedom of citizens from domination."4 Other papers provide alternative analyses


At present, investigations on the chemical composition of meteoritic matter are being made in two directions: 1) the determination of the main constituents of meteorites of different classes. (A generalization of these data led to the classification of meteorites depending on their chemical composition); 2) the determination of all the element contents including small admixtures in meteoritic matter according to their phases: metallic, silicate, and also in accessory minerals. A review of all data on the composition of meteorites ensures the systematic study of their mineral content, structure and other properties and makes possible a closer approach to the solution of their origin. As a result of a critical review of existing general investigations and separate data concerning the contents of the basic constituents of meteorites, the composition of each subclass divided into families according to groups is given in the tables. Changes in the composition of_meteorites of each group while passing from one ...


This invention relates to an electronic apparatus for automatic positioning and distance measurement of mobile members. The apparatus according to the inven tion comprises a rotary electromagnetic transducer with two pairs of windings, in which the primary cir cuits receive electrical voltages representative of the controlled angular distance values and the secondary circuits deliver accordingly an electrical response volt age, whose shape and amplitude depend on the differ ence between said controlled distance and the mechani cal angle between rotar and stator portions containing said secondary and, respectively, primary circuits. The electrical voltages representative of the controlled an gular distance values are generated by electronic cir cuits comprising a first binary counter which translates the controlled distance into binary code, a second bi nary counter which generates a binary ramp, two ad ders, a combining network, four sequential networks and two analogue amplification and sign circuits. The electrical response voltage is in turn filtered and demod ulated to represent a distance error signal which, in case of positioning, drives the positioning linkage block and, in case of distance measurement, compels the first bi nary counter to operate in such a manner that the dis tance represented thereintends towards the value of the relative angle between the rotar and stator portions of the electromagnetic transducer.


Abstract: Virtual Valet is an image processing technology which is used to retrieve the registered number of vehicles from its number plate to identify the vehicle. The main objective is to design an efficient vehicle identification system with the help of its number plate. This system will help in reducing crime, it will help in improving road safety, deterring terrorism. It can be implemented in automatic parking systems, border control. It is useful to detect the stolen cars. This app is also useful in traffic management. It can be used by various police forces and by electronic toll collection. Firstly, the system will ask for the vehicle's image. After that the region of interest that is number plate is extracted using image segmentation in an image. For character recognition we have used the optical character recognition technique. Optical character recognition is the last step in vehicle number plate detection. After this the resulting data will be used to compare with the database so that we can get specific information like the owner's name, registration number, address etc. Keywords: (OCR)Optical Character Recognition, Pytesseract, OpenCV, Django


An analysis is made of the process of stimulated Brillouin scattering in the case when the length of a speckle element of a wide-angle pump field is of the order of the attenuation length of hypersound and the diffraction laws for the pump and signal fields differ because of a frequency shift. An equation for the structure of the conjugated wave is obtained and solved for increments and conjugation quality as a function of the profile of the angular spectrum of the pump.


For kinds of problems of quality control in multiprocess, multi-station manufacturing process, this paper presents a key process extraction model for quality control in manufacturing process. First, the quality characteristics tree of the product is established, quality housing for quality indicators and manufacturing processes is constructed and combined with fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) the relative weight of the manufacturing processes for the overall goal of product quality control is calculated. Then considering the process capability in the manufacturing process, the importance degree of each process is computed, further the key processes are identified. Finally, an example is applied to verify the validity and usefulness of the proposed model.


15 J-FOR Journal of Science & Technology for Forest Products and Processes: VOL.1, NO.2, 2011 Agent-based technology and its applications in multi-agent systems are a set of tools used in many sectors, including manufacturing, services, logistics, and health care, to model and study the dynamics, resilience, and self-organization of complex systems, as well as to design prescriptive decision support systems. Agent-based technology encompasses various techniques from distributed artificial intelligence and is sometime used in conjunction with operations research to model and simulate how system components behave and interact. These techniques are also used to assess the impact of regulations and organizational constraints on the ability of systems to self-organize and adapt to changes. Because this technology can model a wide range of behaviours, including reactive, proactive/planning, and learning, as well as interaction mechanisms such as competition and collaboration, agent-based technology has been used in many applications in the forest sector and the forest products industry, ranging from ecosystem simulation, territorial planning, fire management, and operations management to supply chain management. This paper proposes a survey of these applications and identifies how agent technology is used to develop advanced tools to achieve a better understanding of the biological, social, and economic dynamics of forest ecosystems, as well as to improve decision-making in territorial planning, land use, and production and transportation operations management. JEAN-MARC FRAYRET MULTI-AGENT SYSTEM APPLICATIONS IN THE FOREST PRODUCTS INDUSTRY


The Bose-Einstein condensation of correlated atoms in a trap is studied by examining the effect of inter-particle correlations to one-body properties of atomic systems at zero temperature using a simplified formula for the correlated two body density distribution. Analytical expressions for the density distribution and rms radius of the atomic systems are derived using four different expressions of Jastrow type correlation function. In one case, in addition, the one-body density matrix, momentum distribution and kinetic energy are calculated analytically, while the natural orbitals and natural occupation numbers are also predicted in this case. Simple approximate expressions for the mean square radius and kinetic energy are also given.


Objective To investigate the expression of c-ebrB-2 protein in human breast tumor by fine-needle aspiration(FNA) biopsy.Methods The expression of c-ebrB-2 protein was studied by immunocytochemical analysis in 71 FNA specimens(28 cases of intraductal carcinoma,22 infiltrating ductal carcinoma and 21 fibroadenoma).Results The positive rate of c-ebrB-2 protein was 57.1%(16/28) for intraductal carcinoma,59.1%(13/22) for infiltrating ductal carcinoma,and only 4.8%(1/21) for fibroadenoma.Conclusion The analysis of c-ebrB-2 using FNA and immunocytochemistry is useful for preoperative study of the biological characters of the growth,guiding the diagnosis sand treatment and evaluating the prognosis of the patient.


To date, two general bi-polar models, or approaches to disability have been popularly advanced within the literature, namely, the medical and social models of disability. Within each model, there is a significant degree of variation with respect to where emphasis has been placed. Both models provide pertinent insights into how disability has been conceptualised, but neither model provides an adequate, comprehensive explanation of the phenomenon, with each partially reflecting the "reality" of disability. Both models are deficient in their explanation of how marginalised and often oppressed groups, such as disabled people, are able to recognise their potential to change their present situation, thereby becoming full and active citizens in the contemporary societies in which they live. Both the medical and social models are themselves based on philosophical assumptions about the understandings of human nature, the process of social change and development, and how individuals within any given society are able to function. Both models perceive disabled people as being passive subjects. This chapter has the following objectives. First, to provide an analysis and critique of the medical and social models of disability, and provide some tentative suggestions for the development of another model, which attempts to combine the positive elements of the two previous models. Secondly, to consider the role that non-governmental organisations have and can potentially play in the participation, empowerment and social transformation of poor and marginalised group, with particular reference to disabled people. This chapter focuses on the theories of empowerment and social transformation as espoused by the Brazilian educationalist, Paulo Friere.


Tax is a major source of government revenue and it contributes for the overall development and prosperity of a country. Raising government revenue in terms of income tax, custom duty, excise duty,entertainment tax, VAT, land revenue tax etc. from various sectors in order to initiate development and welfare programmes that are meant to improve the company's situation. This paper reviews about the causes & impact of tax evasion and black money on the government and also reviews about the measures taken by the government to reduce tax evasion.


In this paper a comprehensive review of trans-fatty acid levels reported in different types of food products is offered. The lowest levels are found in some types of bread (0,1%) while the highest levels (up to 40%) are found in fried potatoes. Some foods like shortenings, cakes and pastries may have up to 30% of these fatty acids. In milk and dairy products the reported levels are between 1.50% and 5.20%, in meat and derived products between 0.20% and 21,30%; in chocolates from 0% to 15, 70%. The greatest variability is found in margarines, where a variety has been reported from "trans-free products" to products containing up to 34. 30%. In relation to the trans-fatty acid profile, 18:1t is the most abundant fatty acid found in the majority of foods, followed by C18:2t, C18:3t, C18:1t y C14:1t. Due to the negative health effects of these fatty acids, there is a trend to reduce their levels in food products and to include them in the nutritional label of food packaging.


Biodegradable shape memory polymers are exciting materials, based on a combination of controlled degradation and triggered actuation that enables the design of unique medical devices. However, their synthesis requires precise control over thermomechanical properties often not possible with common building blocks for biodegradable polymers. In the present work, we report the preparation of "double networks" that feature a superposition of a covalent network with a percolative physical network, the latter being derived from a well-defined crystalline phase of strongly hydrophobic polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS) moieties. Each covalent network chain features polycaprolactone (PCL) tethers on a single POSS moiety by virtue of its use as a difunctional initiator for PCL ring-opening polymerization. Such network chains were synthesized to feature molecular weight values that ranged from 2000 to 4000 g/mol (polydispersity index <1.35) and POSS contents ranging from 49 to 24 wt %, respectively. Thermal anal...


Abstract: the proposed business didactic game is aimed at developing the creative attitude of the teacher to his own professional activity. The motivational material of a business didactic game allows the teacher to understand that his activity has sometimes elusive pedagogical algorithms and strategies, the totality of which can be called such a concept as an individual methodological style of activity. In addition to pedagogical strategies, this concept reflects the unique psychological qualities of the individual, which allow the teacher to influence the quality of the acquired knowledge. It is also emphasized that the concept of an individual style of activity is the result of the teacher's internal hard work, the result of a long search, value. On this basis, the individual style of activity rejects the concept of "charisma", since it is self-sufficient and does not need to be theatrically announced to any audience. All the value bases of an individual methodological style of activity are aimed not at narcissism, but at helping students in mastering the internal content of a particular academic subject. The leading sign of the formation of an individual methodological style of activity is the ability to correctly combine one's original author's position on the content principles of the taught subject with the guiding and prescriptive lines of the work program. The author's position of the teacher, which combines the emotional and rational components, is also reflected in external behavioral mechanisms. At the same time, expressive forms of behavior are not a mandatory feature of the individual style of methodological activity. A special style of preparing educational material, a list of methods and forms of teaching is structured on the basis of a situational understanding of the subtle mechanisms of teaching, educating and developing schoolchildren


Thank you for downloading without guarantees in honour of stuart hall. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their chosen books like this without guarantees in honour of stuart hall, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some malicious bugs inside their desktop computer. without guarantees in honour of stuart hall is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our digital library saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the without guarantees in honour of stuart hall is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The title compound, C10H14N2O5S3, has been synthesized as a key intermediate in the synthesis of topically active carbonic anhydrase inhibitor MK-0507. N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds are responsible for the formation of centrosymmetric dimers and zigzag molecular chains. The intermolecular non-bonded S⋯O separation in the crystal structure is 3.415 (2) A, indicating a strong intermolecular interaction between the aminosulfonyl and S-dioxide groups.


Summary. For the improvement of the treatment results of children with chronic bronchitis 27 children with chronic bronchitis and 22 healthy children from control group have been investigated. Children with chronic bronchitis during bronchoscopy have unaergone autotransplantation of macrophage tissues of the respiratory tract with stimulation by polyoxydоnine. The effectiveness of such method has been proved by the results of the improvement of the indexes of the lavage fuid and immunological status of children before and after treatment. Key words: endobronchitis, polyoxydony, alveolar macrophages immunoglobulins, lymphocytes.


The experimental data on thermal neutron flux registered by the "Neutron" setup (MEPhI, Moscow) on the Earth's surface for the period from May 2015 to February 2019 were analyzed. The effects of Forbush decrease (FD) and the lunar cycles were studied. The comparison with the results of FD studies in data of two other setups: the Moscow neutron monitor (MNM) and the muon hodoscope URAGAN (MEPhI, Moscow) was made. Comparison showed that the FD amplitudes of "Neutron" are comparable with those of MNM (on average, less by about 30%), and about 1.5 times more than for MH URAGAN. The counting rate recovery of "Neutron" detectors is much faster than for MNM and MH URAGAN.


During the past 20 years, innovative developments in concrete technology have enabled the production of ultra-high performance fibre reinforced concretes (UHPFC) for the protection and preservation of concrete structures. The main characteristics of UHPFC comprise high compressive and flexural strength as well as high ductility compared to normal strength, normal weight concrete (NSC). This paper focuses on the analysis of crack formation and crack propagation in UHPFC under tensile loading under quasistatic conditions by using acoustic emission (AE) and optical deformation analysis (ODA).
AE is a non-destructive technique to monitor the development of micro structural damage processes caused by external forces. In this context, AE allows for a continuous monitoring of changes in the microstructure (cracks) over time and the corresponding localisation by appropriate algorithms. The AE measurements were performed along with ODA at the surface of the samples in order to analyse the deformation behaviour of the samples and the crack propagation.
For the tests, a UHPFC reference mixture was developed and tested with three different volume percentages of steel fibres (1.0 V.-%, 2.0 V.-%, and 3.0 V.-%). This paper shows that the application of AE is a suitable method to analyse the crack propagation in UHPFC specimens under tensile loading and to localise the crack initiation. Furthermore, insights into the failure mechanism of the fibres are offered by the analysis of the signals of the AE measurements, which allows for a better understanding of UHPFC and its general performance.


The present study was carried out in 2006-7 to explore and document ethnomedicinal profile and conservation status of Plant biodiversity in "Alexander the Great Valley" Hindukash range, District Shangla, Pakistan. It is one of world's most interesting and historical areas, not only for its natural resources and medicinal plant diversity but also for old relics or ruins of Alexander the Great that is attracting national and global interest. Study revealed that there were 32 medicinal plants belonging to 26 families. Herbaceous layer (19 species) were found to be the most used life forms followed by trees (6 species), shrubs (4 species), Climbers (2 species) and Saprophytes (1) in descending order. For knowing the ethno medicinal and socio economic profile of the people, a simple questionnaire was developed and filled through interviews. The botanical name, followed by local name, family, part used and ethnomedicinal uses in different folk was recorded. Present investigation confined to document medicinal uses of plants utilized by local peoples.


Pseudoplastic fluids are non-Newtonian fluids with intriguing uses in current research and industry. Among many other extant models, the Sutterby fluid model is an essential viscoelastic fluid model that demonstrates shear thinning and shear thickening properties in high polymer aqueous solutions by manifesting viscous and elastic aspects during deformation. The magneto hydrodynamic effects of Sutterby nanofluid on porous elastic surfaces in the presence of chemical processes are examined in this theoretical study. By using similarity transformation, the mathematical model of a governed problem is converted into a collection of differential equations. A shooting strategy is used to solve these nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations. The velocities, temperatures, and chemical species concentrations of fluids are graphically shown. Physical quantities of importance, such as local heat and mass flow, are visually represented using bar charts. Heat and mass transport, as well as chemical species concentration, decrease with Hartman number in both suction and injection. Chemical concentration of governed fluid rises for homogeneous reactions but drops for heterogeneous reactions. Temperature and concentration of fluid increases for thermophoresis parameter but decreases for Brownian motion parameter, also the effects of injection are much stronger and higher than suction.


Acknowledgements Editorial introduction 1. Harrington's life before 1656 2. Oceana: the circumstances of publication 3. Oceana: its ideological context 4. Oceana: its argument and character 5. The growth of the canon: the polemic against clericalism 6. The growth of the canon: the disintegration of the commonwealth 7. The history of the ideology: Harrington's ideas after his lifetime 8. The Commonwealth of Oceana 9. The manner and use of the ballot 10. Pian Piano 11. The prerogative of popular government 12. The stumbling-block of disobedience and rebellion 13. A note upon the foregoing ecologues 14. Brief directions 15. The art of lawgiving 16. Politicaster 17. Pour enclouer le Canon 18. A discourse upon this saying 19. A discourse showing that the spirit of parliaments ... is not to be trusted 20. A parallel of the spirit of the people with the spirit of Mr Rogers 21. Aphorisms political 22. Valerius and publicola 23. The rota 24. The ways and means whereby an equal and lasting commonwealth 25. A letter unto Mr Stubbe 26. A system of politics 27. The examination of James Harrington Index.


The endocrine role of the skeleton in regulating energy metabolism is supported by a feed-forward loop between circulating osteoblast (OB)-derived undercarboxylated osteocalcin (Glu-OCN) and pancreatic β-cell insulin; in turn, insulin favors osteocalcin (OCN) bioactivity. These data suggest the existence of a negative regulation of this cross talk between OCN and insulin. Recently, we identified delta like-1 (DLK1) as an endocrine regulator of bone turnover. Because DLK1 is colocalized with insulin in pancreatic β-cells, we examined the role of DLK1 in insulin signaling in OBs and energy metabolism. We show that Glu-OCN specifically stimulates Dlk1 expression by the pancreas. Conversely, Dlk1-deficient (Dlk1−/−) mice exhibited increased circulating Glu-OCN levels and increased insulin sensitivity, whereas mice overexpressing Dlk1 in OB displayed reduced insulin secretion and sensitivity due to impaired insulin signaling in OB and lowered Glu-OCN serum levels. Furthermore, Dlk1−/− mice treated with Glu-OC experienced significantly lower blood glucose levels than Glu-OCN–treated wild-type mice. The data suggest that Glu-OCN–controlled production of DLK1 by pancreatic β-cells acts as a negative feedback mechanism to counteract the stimulatory effects of insulin on OB production of Glu-OCN, a potential mechanism preventing OCN-induced hypoglycemia.


Abstract
 Objective
 Many patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have coexisting nasal and sinus problems. In the absence of major anatomical abnormalities, these problems may be overlooked, hence jeopardizing the success rate of palatal surgery. Our objective was to identify the effect of medical management of nasal and sinus diseases on the success rate of palatal surgery in mild to moderate cases of OSA.

 Methodology
 This prospective study included 28 patients divided in two groups; group A was treated medically with antibiotics and local steroids before palatal surgeries, whereas group B was not treated medically before palatal surgeries. Assessment was made preoperatively and postoperatively using polysomnography.

 Results
 Group A showed more improvement in the apnea hypopnea index than group B.

 Conclusion
 Management of nasal and sinus problems improves the results of palatal surgery in cases of mild to moderate OSA.


Life style are closely related to poople's health. A good life style can make a person energetic and live longer:while unhealthy lifestyle will lead to a variety of lifestyle diseases, which is a serious thent to people's health. It's an important means to prevent and control the lifestyle diseases through health education, im-provenment of people's health awareness, cultivation of a healthy and civilized way of life, and strengthening of self healthcare, which is the fundamental way to enhance health level of the entire social

Key words:
Life style;  Life style diseases;  Health education


After many years of relative paucity, there has in recent years been a great proliferation of books on trauma and trauma care. To merit attention in this current arena, a book needs to be a notch above the norm in either scope or content. Trauma: Pathogenesis and Treatment , edited by Stephen Westaby, BSc, MS, FRCS, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, England, is successful in both scope and content. The book's 34 authors are drawn mainly from the United Kingdom, with significant contributions from the United States, Japan, and Ireland. In the preface it is stated that the authors aimed for broad appeal, and this has been achieved quite nicely. The topics covered range from addressing the standard subjects of resuscitation and organ system injuries to reconstruction techniques. In addition, there are very interesting and well-written chapters dealing with different countries' trauma centers, prehospital issues, and organ donation and retrieval. The chapters


We thank Dr. Mosca for his interest and comments regarding our recent study [1]. Our hospital is a newly equipped public community hospital which provides 24-hour emergency medical and surgical services. It has been estimated that in an average district general hospital, 125 ERCPs would be performed each year [2]. In our study, we had performed 341 ERCPs over a 20-month period (i. e. around 200 ERCPs per year). This would be a reasonable workload if we kept the number of endoscopists to a minimum. Whether it is practicable to have just one or two specialist endoscopists to perform all elective and on-call emergency ERCPs remains arguable, and would certainly depend on other factors such as hospital policy and resource allocation. A common scenario in our locality is that ERCP is performed by endoscopists with some form of training and experience. The findings from our study revealed that this practice should be re-evaluated and perhaps abandoned in order to achieve better patient care.


The source parameters are usually estimated in the noise environment. In the case of the strong interference, the conventional approaches fail. Hence, interferers have to be removed before estimating the source parameters. In this paper, a new method is presented to suppress strong interference, and the source number and the direction of arrival (DOA) are evaluated by incorporating of Gerschgorin disk estimation (GDE) criterion and MUSIC technique. Finally, the proposed approach has been proven in the strong jamming environment.


This paper analyzes the cost reimbursement scheme for public project and designs the linear incentive contracts.The fixed-price contract gives the firm perfect incentives for cost reduction under complete information,so the government can offer the fixed-price contract to fully extract the firm's rent.But the government has to reduce the power of incentive schemes under asymmetric information because of the concern for rent extraction,and move the incentive contract toward cost-plus contract.The risk,uncertainty and the power for incentive of the public project are the main factors that could affect the choice.


Fictions show the contradictions through the plot, displaying the basic demands of the author by the contradictions, which is the reproduction of art. The literary and artistic values of Jane Austen's novels have so far been explored and studied by academics. This paper mainly describe from two aspects: the contemporary women writers and the social background which objectively analysis the influence on Austen writing, and also subjectively start from her own growth environment and life experience, analysis of these aspects help female writer literature succeed.


There are about 45 million or 23.9% of people with disabilities in Brazil. The context of this research arose from the experiences the author had lived in Paraty due to the difficult mobility in that city, particularly, in its Historical Center, which has caused problems for everyone to walk around it, especially for disabled people. It is a city of natural, historical and cultural heritage, which was inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage List as a Mixed Site, highlighting it as a destination for Ecotourism, Cultural Tourism and others, but, in reality, the city does not allow all kinds of people to visit it safely and autonomously. Thus, the research objectives were outlined to investigate the barriers to mobility of disabled people in the Historical Center and its surroundings, and also, to verify if there is a paradox between heritage and accessibility, observing the role of some social tourism agents, such as IPHAN, the Municipal Management and disabled people regarding accessibility in that city. Also, the methodology chosen to carry out the research was the Ethnographic Study-Based, with direct observations in field, semi-structured interviews conducted and monitoring of the tourist experience of a disabled person. Consequently, this research aims to promote the debate on the reasons why Paraty, which is one of the most visited city in the country by national and international tourists, has not provided total accessibility to disabled people yet. As a result, this study intends to contribute to the inclusion of disabled people in society, showing the importance of accessibility as a right of everyone to have tourist experiences, so that the Acessible Tourism reflects a just society.


The implementation of reinforcing techniques to structural elements with strength problems, due to the quality of concrete or lack of steel reinforcement, helps to avoid unnecessary demolitions of constructions. Nowadays, there are several types of reinforcement; one of the most common techniques for reinforcement is based on the use of FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer) composites, which are made of polymer matrices reinforced with fibers. These materials present problems at high temperatures and are produced in a way that affects the environment. Currently, a new method for reinforcing structures is being developed, which is known as FRCM (Fabric Reinforced Cementitious Matrix) composites. This material is produced with a cementitious matrix reinforced with layers of natural fiber fabrics. One of the main problems related to use of natural fibers as FRCM reinforcement is the durability issues, since when working with a cementitious material, there is chemical incompatibility due to the high alkalinity of the cement water that causes porosity in the matrix around the fibers, accumulating calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH)2). With the presence of Ca (OH)2, and an increased temperature, it is observed a noticeable acceleration of the degradation in the sisal fibers, losing durability and adherence between the FRCM material and the substrate element or between the matrix and the fabric. Consequently, this thesis is aimed at studying how the durability of FRCM composite materials reinforced with sisal fibers could be improved. According to this objective, different cementitious matrices were studied and some tests were carried out, such as: tensile test on single yarns, adherence tests on fabric samples embedded in the matrices and pull-off tests to study FRCM detachment. All the tests were performed subjecting the fiber samples embedded in the matrices to variable environmental conditions for up to eight months. Another parameter in this research was the type of treatment that could be used to prevent accelerated aging in the fibers. Both the use of lime as a blocking agent and the use of a polyester resin as a coating of the fibers were considered. The results reveal that the use of resin to coat the fabrics together with the use of a cementitious matrix modified with natural pozzolanas, greatly help to improve the durability of FRCM composites reinforced with sisal fibers.


MUF and LEMUF performance of a specific facility was modeled. The computer code MCLAMS was used to simulate MUF and LEMUF values for the facility. The simulation results agreed well with the historical MUF and LEMUF performance of the facility. Seven components of MUF were identified for the facility. These components were either measurement- or process-related. There was evidence of human error in the facility data. However, it was not modeled into the MUF performance, because of too little information and the limitations of the current MCLAMS program. From this study, it appears that MUF performance analysis of real-world facilities can be effectively modeled and simulated. Application to additional facilities is recommended.


The use of new information and communication technologies (ICT) can bring benefits to the management of construction sites, such as material savings, productivity growth and the enhancement in the speed of information transmission. To manage the supply of more than 62 blocks of 14 apartments each, spread over an area of 55 hectares, a team of engineers from a construction company in Fortaleza (Brazil) developed a system to schedule and track the progress of activities of forklifts on site in order to avoid idleness of these machines and workers waiting for materials. Thus, this paper describes a computerized system for distribution and leveling (heijunka) of forklift work, using tablets to inform operators about supply and cleanup activities to be performed at the jobsite. The work was developed in five steps: team training in lean construction concepts, recognition of real problems, system development as a problems solution, solution testing and identification of improvements and consolidation of results. Results were reductions of idle machines, work stoppage due to the lack of material and distance travelled. This computerized system has also improved the organization of construction site and the productivity of workers.


Rate constants (25 °C) have been determined by stopped-flow spectrophotometry for the oxidation of five spinach plastocyanin (PCu) mutants inthe copper(I) form, with inorganic redox partners [Fe(CN)6]3– and [Co(phen)3]3+(phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), I= 0.100 M (NaCl). The mutants investigated, Leu12-Asn, Leu12Glu, Asp42Asn, Tyr83His and Tyr83Phe, incorporate changes at the Leu-12 position of the adjacent (to the Cu) hydrophobic site, and at the remote acidic patch residues Tyr-83 and Asp42. At pH > 7.5 the acid-dissociated glutamate (pKa 6.9) form of Leu12Glu impedes the [Fe(CN)6]3– oxidant which reacts ≈90% more slowly than with the native protein. A 2.2-fold increase in reactivity is however observed with [Co(phen)3]3+, which is consistent with a switch in reaction from the remote to adjacent site. This was confirmed by competitive inhibtion studies with a redox-inactive 6 + tetranuclear cobalt(III) complex. Also for this mutant the active-site His-87 pKa determined by 1H NMR studies is shifted to a higher apparent value of 6.1 as compared to 4.9 for native protein, which reflects the combined effect of active site/Glu-12 protonation equilibria. Variations in rate constants with pH are also explored for the Tyr83His mutant, where acid dissociation (pKa 8.4) affects reaction with both oxidants in a similar manner. At pH 7.5 no significant change in reactivity is observed with the Asp42Asn and Tyr83Phe mutants, while there is a five-fold enhancement in the reaction of the Leu12Asn mutant with [Fe(CN)6]3–. Rate constants were also determined for [Fe(CN)6]4– and [Co(phen)3]2+ reductions of the copper(II) mutant forms at pH 7.5. Reduction potentials PCu(II)/(I) for the five mutants are in the range 360–402 mV, as compared to 375 mV for native protein.


New bacterial sterilization techniques are needed to protect human health. Here, we introduce an innovative disinfection approach that imitates the lethality principle of a poisoned arrowhead-an ancient weapon that employs physical injury and chemical damage synergistically toward hunted targets-in the design of a nanosheet bacterial inactivation system that acts synergistically to achieve sterilization rates of >99.99% ( Escherichia coli ) over an ultrashort time period (~0.5 min). The two-dimensional MoS 2 "arrowhead" configuration has a sharp edge structure that enables the vigorous extraction of lipids from cell membranes and subsequent membrane disruptions. In the presence of permonosulfate, a strong oxidant, sulfur vacancies containing MoS 2 activate the stable molecules, which in turn output reactive oxygen species (ROS) from edge sites to basal areas; this process not only scavenges some portion of the phospholipids to allow for MoS 2 surface refreshment, but also directly attacks proteins thereby inflicting further damage to "as-injured" cells and amplifying the cell-membrane-destructive stresses toward pathogenic microorganisms. With small amounts of the new material, we successfully disinfected natural water (~99.93% inactivation in terms of total bacteria) within 30 s.


This study reports on a reconfigurable antenna platform based on vanadium dioxide (VO2), a phase‐change material (PCM) with low transition temperature, integrated with an addressable microheater matrix. For the first time, it is shown that an entire planar antenna can be thermally reconfigured virtually to any pattern by switching the phase of the selected regions of the VO2 layer from insulator to metallic state by indirect thermal stimuli generated by individually addressable nichrome resistive microheaters. Careful selection of the individual pixels to start the phase transition from insulator (OFF) to metallic (ON) state allows creating different antenna patterns with unique resonance properties. Reconfiguring the antenna into different patterns, operating frequency can be tuned from C‐band (4–8 GHz) to X‐band (8–12 GHz), and S‐band (2–4 GHz) frequencies which cover the entire ultra wideband spectrum (3.1–10.6 GHz). The proposed approach provides a promising platform for designing monolithically integrated reconfigurable antennas, radio frequency devices, and circuits for various applications.

publisher-specific, author manuscript: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions


The incidence of invasive fungal disease has significantly increased over the past two decades in China.Laboratory test is an important basis for the diagnosis of fungal disease,but the current level of the laboratory diagnosis can not meet the demand for clinical practice.This article reviews the currently available laboratory diagnostic techniques,and points out the difficulties and the development trend of the laboratory test.At the same time,we propose some strategies for early diagnosis of invasive fungal infections based on existing technologies and clinical examination methods.


This article is mainly discussed about using last lighting lamp in multiple dwelling house without elevator,enhancing lighting luminance for parlour of dwelling house,and public buildings without don't cutting off common lighting source at the fire,using jacks with switch for icebox of dwelling house kitchen,etc.


Innovation is high on the agenda of both policy makers and other actors in the innovation system. But innovation itself is changing rapidly. The growing role of the Internet, investments in knowledgebased capital (KBC) and globalisation are among the major underlying supply-side forces that affect innovation. Demand-side factors, such as challenges related to the environment, to society (ageing, inequalities) and to the slowdown in economic growth are also impacting the dynamics and orientation of innovation. This chapter provides a brief overview of these recent trends and drivers. Knowledge Type: Thematic report [1] Other Tag: digital economy [2] energy [3] global value chains [4] international collaboration [5] natural resources [6] organizational innovation [7] Oslo Manual [8] patent applications [9] patent offices [10] policy challenge [11] process innovation [12] public-private partnerships [13] climate change [14] research intensity [15] scientific articles [16] Parent URL: http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/science-and-technology/the-innovationimperative_9789264239814-en [17]


Traditional model based OPC software operates under a set of simple guiding principles. First, a design is fragmented into finitely sized segments, the sizes and numbers of which are limited by run-time and mask constraints. Within each fragment the intensity profile (aerial image) and edge-placement error (EPE) are calculated at a single location. Finally, the length of the entire fragment is moved to correct for the EPE at that location. This scheme has potential limitations in certain cases. For instance, cases where the aerial image contour (and therefore EPE) vary at a higher frequency than the minimum allowed fragmentation frequency. This so-called aerial image ripple problem can challenge the abilities of simple model based OPC. In addition, certain advanced RET schemes require that EPE be controlled in areas that have no adjacent mask polygon. Similarly, certain double-exposure RETs require the mutual optimization of features on multiple mask layers. Our paper will describe a flexible model based OPC scheme called Matrix OPC, which has proven capabilities of resolving these and many other advanced RET problems.


1 Mathematics and Computer Science Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Koom 32511, Egypt 2 Fluid Dynamics and Seismics Lab, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Moscow Region, Russia 3 Theoretical and Mathematical Physics Department, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Lenin Ave, 51, Ekaterinburg 620083, Russia


Objective:To analyze and research the related factors of the quality of life in gynecological patients with urinary incontinence.Methods: This research mainly by stratified cluster sampling method,in order to January 2009 ~ January 2010 obstetrics and gynecology hospital incontinence patient as analysis object,by random sampling method to whole layer carries on a questionnaire survey,patients with content according to BFLUTS QIL and I-as well as our country people's living habits,social background,the ideological characteristics such as the actual situation of the corresponding changes and adjustment,questionnaire issued and recycling,mainly through medical personnel are all questionnaire by patients completed independently.Results: in this survey,energetic,pressure sex and mixed incontinence patient the number of 59(24 percent),216(8.8 percent) respectively,prevalence and 167(6.8 percent) respectively.Through to the incontinence and mild incontinence crowd of analysis,we can conclude that incontinence will affect the quality of life of the patients,and different degree of incontinence for the influence on the quality of life of the patients is endless and same,different kinds of incontinence for the quality of life of the patients affected emphasis is also different.Conclusion: the relevant aspects must strengthen to incontinence relevant knowledge propaganda,helping patients establish correct understanding,eliminate shy,thus timely medical treatment,psychological early accept the correct treatment,so as to improve their quality of life.


The previous century changed the life in terms of increasing volume of travelling both business and tourist. All innovations as far as new roads led to a high demand for new hotels.In hospitality b ...


Electrical and mechanical properties of ceramic composites were investigated in order to establish a fracture prediction technique. Ceramic composites consist of calcium fluoride as an insulating matrix and silicon carbide as electrically conductive additives. An electrical conduction path was formed by adding more than 4vol% of SiC additives in the composites and the fracture strength increased by the increase of SiC additives. By applying mechanical load, electrical resistance of the composites increased up to fracture under tension while did not change or slightly decreased under compression. The changes in electrical resistance were suggested to occur by the change of connectivity of conduction path in the composites. These results suggest the possibility of predicting fracture in ceramic composites.


【Objective】Effects of furrow method and NK fertilizing level on fresh yield,dry mass accumulation, and N and K contents of field maize were investigated to obtain optimal mode of water and fertilizer supply. 【Method】The field experiment included four furrow methods,i.e. single row-conventional furrow irrigation(CF), single row-alternate furrow irrigation(DAFI),single row-fixed furrow irrigation(DFFI) and double rows-fixed furrow irrigation(SFFI). In CF treatment, the 1stirrigation quota was 270.0 m3/ha, the 2ndto 4thirrigation quota was 227.0 m3/ha, and irrigation quota in other irrigation treatments was 60% of CF, and two NK levels(180 and 270 kg/ha N and equal amount of K2 O). 【Result】At low NK level, compared to CF, DAFI and SFFI decreased fresh yield slightly, but increased total dry mass by 47.6% and 25.7%. DAFI increased K content of shoot and root by 20.3% and 12.0%, respectively; while at high NK level, DAFI and SFFI treatments had similar fresh yield and total dry mass to CF treatment. DAFI treatment increased shoot N content by 10.4%. At SFFI and DAFI treatments, compared to low NK level, high NK level increased the fresh yield by 24.0% and 18.6%. 【Conclusion】 Single row-alternate furrow irrigation and double rows-fixed furrow irrigation were efficient furrow modes at high NK level.


The present research aims at preparing and characterizing of different formulations of NBR Krynac 3370F rubber with different contents of three inorganic reinforcing fillers: conventional N330 carbon black, nanometric aerosil 200 silica and micrometric volcanic tuff. In compounding rubber batches, the content of various additives (reaction activator; accelerator; plasticizer; anti-oxidant & vulcanizing agents) were fixed at the optimum known proportions and the reinforcing filler content has been varied between 10 and 100 phr. The study addressed, firstly, the determination of appropriate processing conditions for batches and testing samples preparation, and secondly the investigation of filler nature and content effects on the vulcanized rubber mechanical properties, namely, tensile strength, tensile elongation at break, Young modulus, toughness, and Shore A hardness based on ASTM D412 and DIN 53505. The present work showed the feasibility of changing reinforcing fillers content in NBR Krynac 3370F rubber within large interval enabling varying and improving its mechanical properties according to the requirement of various applications. The present work allowed also the comparison of carbon black, fumed Silica and volcanic tuff effects on processing conditions and mechanical properties of NBR Krynac 3370F rubber formulations.


Production and consumption of edible mushrooms have grown continuously in the last fifteen years, particularly due to interest in their nutritional and health benefits. The three most cultivated mushrooms worldwide are Agaricus bisporus (common mushrooms), Lentinus edodes (shiitake) and Pleurotus spp. (oyster mushroom). Mushrooms are highly perishable. They tend to lose quality right after harvest, mainly because of their high respiration rate and the fact that they have no barrier to protect them from water loss. Mushrooms' shelf-life is limited to a few days under normal refrigeration conditions, which is a constraint on the distribution and marketing of fresh product, making extension of mushroom's shelf life a constant quest. Modified atmosphere packaging has been used for postharvest storage and commercialization of mushrooms. This technology alters the normal composition of air to provide an appropriate atmosphere in order to decrease product's respiration rate, microbial growth and physiological disorders, which leads to preservation of product's quality and an increased shelf life. However, modified atmosphere packaging conditions should be carefully designed. Inappropriate modified atmosphere conditions may be ineffective or even shorten the shelf life of the product due to damage of tissues. Reported results for modified atmosphere packaging of mushrooms depend on the mushroom species considered. In this paper, the use of modified atmosphere packaging for mushrooms, specifically for Agaricus, Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus, is reviewed.


Cost-efficient targeted nitrogen (N) regulation of agriculture with low impact on the environment is the new N regulation paradigm. It requires detailed knowledge on the geological and geochemical conditions of the subsurface that is crucial for assessing the nitrate flowpaths and reduction processes. An integral part of this is analysis of the subsurface redox structures to determine the locations of nitrate reduction. This knowledge has so far not been easy to access because of lacking technology. Here we present a new concept consisting of integration and interpretation of data from the geophysical towed transient electromagnetic method, borehole information on lithology, sediment colour descriptions, geochemistry and groundwater chemistry. The concept is demonstrated in three small first-order hydrological catchments. National GIS screening analyses show that the new concept is highly needed in large parts of Denmark where the redox structures are complicated e.g. in marine landscape types and in glacial moraine landscapes but less needed in areas dominated by homogeneous meltwater plains. Providing subsurface knowledge for locally targeted N regulation of agriculture is paramount in many developed countries with intensive agriculture to lower the environmental impact, and it could also be critical in developing countries to support sustainable economic and environmental development.


Suicide is among the top three leading causes of death in adolescents, and the rate of suicide-related deaths is on the rise. A systematic approach to address this challenge is warranted. This study aimed to assess how many students had awareness of or have had mental health issues, or knew someone who struggled with mental health. A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted at Acton-Boxborough middle and high schools in Massachusetts, USA. An electronic, self-administered survey with a total of 13 questions, including closedand open-ended questions, was developed to collect feedback from students, teachers, counselors, and staff members. The survey was conducted between October 20 and November 13, 2016. The survey was posted on Facebook and was accessible to anyone with a Google email account linked to Acton-Boxborough schools. In this three–week survey, 623 completed responses were returned. The most frequent responders were middle school and younger students (n = 356; 57.1%), followed by high school students (n = 213; 34.2%), and college students (n = 39; 6.2%). A high number of participants (99%) considered mental health to be an important topic of discussion. A considerable number of the participants (n = 252; 40.4%) confirmed that they personally struggle with mental illness, most commonly anxiety (n = 324; 86.6%) and depression (n = 253; 67.6%) followed by bipolar disorder, drug/alcohol addiction and eating disorders. A large number (n = 570; 91.5%) responded that they know someone in their school suffering from mental illness. In conclusion, this web-based, cross-sectional questionnaire study revealed that there is an acute need to develop strategies to improve awareness of and education for mental illness among adolescents. There is also a need to plan, design, and execute early interventionbased studies in adolescents.


In Vitro Fertilization is among the most widespread treatments for infertility. One of its main challenges is the evaluation and selection of embryo for implantation, a process with large inter- and intra-clinician variability. Deep learning based methods are gaining attention, but their opaque nature compromises their acceptance in the clinical context, where transparency in the decision making is key. In this paper we analyze the current work in the explainability of AI-assisted embryo analysis models, identifying the limitations. We also discuss how these models could be integrated in the clinical context as decision support systems, considering the needs of clinicians and patients. Finally, we propose guidelines for the sake of increasing interpretability and trustworthiness, pushing this technology forward towards established clinical practice.


Life in this creation is subject to the clock time and thus subject to change. Time is a representation of continual renewal and rejuvenation, a series of moments that bind and hold life together. Though time is a unit that limits everything in a precise boundary, it is also in itself a reminder of the limitless. The realisation of limitlessness comes to man on the higher planes of consciousness. The transformation of consciousness apart from widening the perspective of man, frees him from the manacles of mental logical awareness, and opens the unknown vistas of realisation of the cosmic mysteries and the experience of the Divine - The Timeless Time. As human beings are subject to the clock time, the perception of the Divine gives the individual the consciousness of the intersection of Timeless Time in time. It is only Timeless Time that can liberate an individual from time. Eternity is time's ultimate limit which in itself is limitless. It is the consciousness of the Timelessness that can give the comprehension of time just as the consciousness of eternity can reveal to man the deepest value of one's own life on this earth. Through this consciousness one is able to transcend and liberate himself from life and time. The poetry of both T.S. Eliot and Sri Aurobindo records the moments of the intersection of Timeless Time in time to create an awareness of the Divine in human heart which can enlighten his path to redemption.


The semiconductor industry has very important position in computer industry, ICT field, and new electronic technology developing. The IC design service is one of key factor of semiconductor industry development. There are more than 365 IC design service firms have been established around Hsinchu Science Park in Taiwan. Building an efficient planning model for IC design service firm resources integrating is very interest issue. This study aims to construct a planning model for IC design service firm implementation resources integration. This study uses the De Novo programming as an approach of criteria alternative to achieve optimal resource allocation on IC design firm. Results show the IC design service firm should conduct open innovation concept and utilizes design outsourcing obtains cost down and enhance IC design service business performance. This plan model of De Novo programming is not only for IC design service firm and also can apply to the other industrial implementation strategic alliance/integrating resource. This plan model is a universal model for the others industries field.


During the development of the lung, branching morphogenesis of the epithelium requires the presence of bronchial mesenchyme. Although it has been demonstrated that continuing morphogenesis is dependent upon growth through proliferation, there is no direct evidence to suggest that the specific pattern of branching is a consequence of differential mitotic activity which is influenced by the appropriate mesenchymal tissue. The induction of supernumerary buds in the tracheal epithelium of the mouse by transplantations of bronchial mesenchyme provides a means for analysing the role of cell proliferation in the formation of bronchial buds. We have addressed the problem by examining the ability of the tracheal epithelium, at different stages of development, to respond to bud induction by bronchial mesenchyme, and attempted to correlate this with the labeling index and 3H-thymidine uptake in the trachea at the respective stages. It has been found that both the 11-day-old and 12-day-old tracheal epithelia initiate supernumerary buds in response to bronchial mesenchyme although the initiation in 12-day-old embryonic trachea occurred somewhat later than in the 11-day-old explants. The 13-day-old trachea failed to elicit buds after the tracheal mesenchyme had been stripped following treatment with 3% trypsin-pancreatin. A decrease in cell proliferation in the tracheal epithelium (as revealed by autoradiography and scintillation counting following 5-hour labeling with tritiated thymidine) between 11 and 13 days of development could contribute to these varying responses to bud induction. Further autoradiographic studies whereby the labeling index in the induced bud and the tracheal epithelium of the same explant have been compared, have revealed a continued high level of labeling in the branching bud and a concomitant decrease in labeling of the trachea. These data suggest that the bronchial mesenchyme either acts as a mitotic stimulator or provides conditions permissive to continued mitotic activity.


The purpose of the article is to analyse and reveal the changes that took place in the Chinese advertising poster during the twentieth century. The work aims to establish the links between the cultural and political context and the figurative and semantic content of messages in advertising posters. The research methodology involves the use of general scientific and special methods. Historical analysis is used to understand the historical and cultural processes of the twentieth century and their impact on the development of advertising posters in different periods. Content analysis is used to analyse the content and images of advertising posters of different periods and to identify the main themes and ideas they express. Semiotic analysis is used to study signs and symbols in advertising posters; comparative analysis to identify the content and visual differences of advertising posters during the twentieth century. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the identification of differences in the content and images of Chinese advertising posters in different periods of the political history of China in the twentieth century. The interaction between the images of ideological messages of political and social propaganda and commercial advertising is traced. Conclusions. It has been found that the twentieth-century advertising poster is an important component of China's cultural and historical heritage and reflects changes in the country's political, social and cultural context. It is shown that advertising posters used as a means of propaganda in different periods of the twentieth century became less ideological and more focused on the commercial promotion of goods and services over time. The figurative and semantic characteristics and graphic language of the advertising poster have also undergone changes, and hybridisation in the formation of the advertising image, based on the principles of propaganda iconography and new marketing standards in commercial advertisements of the 1980s and 1990s, gradually gave way to new visual advertising forms.
Key words: China, advertising poster, propaganda, ideological influence, commercial advertising, image, content.


Here we show the use of nanostructured fused silica substrates with well-controlled geometry and refractive index profiles to provide ultra-low reflectance (0.015%) and nearly perfect transmittance (99.9%) per side over a broad range of wavelengths. Anti-reflective surfaces using such nanostructures will allow the design of more durable and powerful laser systems.