This thesis deals with physical factors and biological interactions affecting the distribution of two fucoid species, Fucus vesiculosus and F. serratus, in the Baltic Sea. Studies have been carried out in two quite different environments: an archipelago, and an open rocky coast. The archipelago has an extremely long coastline with a heterogeneous submerged landscape of different substrate types, slopes, water qualities, and degrees of wave exposure. The factors influencing F. vesiculosus distribution, morphology and epiphyte composition were studied in the Stockholm archipelago using field surveys and spatial modelling in Geographic information systems (GIS). A GIS-method to estimate wave exposure was developed and validated by comparing the result to an index based on vertical zonation of lichens. Wave exposure was considered an important factor for predicting the distribution of F. vesiculosus by its ability to clean hard surfaces from silt, and a predictive model was constructed based on the information of wave exposure and slope of the shore. It is suggested that the lower distribution boundary of attached F. vesiculosus is set by sediment in sheltered parts of the archipelago, and by light availability in highly wave exposed parts. The morphology of F. vesiculosus was studied over a wave exposure gradient, and several characters responded in accordance with earlier studies. However, when separating effects of wave exposure from effects of other confounding water property parameters, only thallus width was significantly different. Several water property parameters were shown to be correlated with wave exposure in the Stockholm archipelago, and the mechanism responsible for the effects on F. vesiculosus morphology is discussed. The composition of epiphytes on F. vesiculosus varied over a wave exposure gradient with a positive correlation to Elachista fucicola, and a negative to Chorda filum. At an open coast the physical environment is much less heterogeneous compared to an archipelago. The distributions of F. vesiculosus, F. serratus, turf-forming algae, and the seafloor substrate, were surveyed along the open coasts of Öland and Gotland.


- Bananas are a popular fruit in Indonesia, where banana plantations can be found from Aceh to Papua, with a total harvest of 105.801 tons in 2019. Kampung Cau Padjadjaran (UKM KCP), with partner farmers in various regions, is one of the SMEs that manage banana farmers in West Java. The issue is that banana purchases and sales between KCP SMEs, consumers, and farmers are still done manually, resulting in a longer transaction process. Based on this, an Android-based application was created to manage KCP SMEs' buy and sell transactions. Customers can use their smartphones to check banana stocks and process transactions by installing this app. The app is built with the Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) method and the Android Studio framework, as well as a Firebase database that uses cloud technology. This application is called MyBanana, and it has several features that assist consumers, farmers, and KCP SMEs in managing data, information, and transactions, such as the Sign-Up and Login process, which provides security for users to make transactions, and the Banana Type List, which informs the type of banana consumed. The availability of banana stocks is updated in real-time by UKM KCP, and the buying and selling transaction process is simple. The black box test results show that the built application has the features expected by KCP SMEs and functions properly.


Three dimensional sound field reproduction based on higher order Ambisonics requires the placement of loudspeakers on a sphere that surrounds the target reproduction region. The deployment of a spherical array is not trivial especially for implementation in real rooms where the placement flexibility is highly desirable. This paper proposes a design of multiple circular loudspeaker arrays for reproducing three dimensional sound fields originating from a limited region of interest. We apply a functional analysis framework to formulate the sound field reproduction problem in a closed form. Secondary source distributions and target sound fields are modeled as two Hilbert spaces and mapped by an integral operator and its adjoint operator, from which a self-adjoint operator is constructed and the singular value decomposition is applied to represent source distributions and sound fields with two sets of interrelated singular functions. We derive the solutions for a circular secondary source arrangement and propose the design of placing multiple circular loudspeaker arrays only over the limited region of interest. Such a design allows for non-spherical and non-uniform loudspeaker placement and thus provides a flexible array arrangement. The reproduction accuracy of the proposed method is verified through numerical simulations.


This paper reviews the way in which the concept of mental illness that Philippe Pinel proposed at the beginning of the XIX century has influenced the history of Psychiatry and proposes instead a constructivist understanding of mental disorders grounded in a narrative conception of these disorders. From this point of view we explore possible explanations of mental disorders and the way we can act over them in the phylogenetic evolution of the human specie and the ontogenetic development of human beings with a special reference to relational aspects


The Weimei Formation in southern Tibet is a shallow marine sequence accumulated in the northern margin of the Indian subcontinent. It has been dated as Tithonian based on ammonites such as Haplophylloceras strigile (Blanford), Berriasella sp. and Himalayites sp. Six ammonite specimens were found in the type locality of the Weimei Formation. They include Spitice ras ( Spitice ras) spitiense (Blanford), Berriasella sp. and Phylloceras sp. The occurrence of S. spitiense indicates that the ammonite-bearing portion is assignable to the Berriasian stage. The Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary possibly exists within the Weimei Formation.


[Summary form only given]. A wavelet coding method for arbitrarily shaped image data, applicable to object-oriented coding of moving pictures, and to the efficient representation of texture data in computer graphics is proposed. The wavelet transform of an arbitrarily shaped image is obtained by applying the symmetrical extension technique at region boundaries and keeping the location of the wavelet coefficient. For entropy coding of the wavelet coefficients, the zerotree coding technique is modified to work with arbitrarily shaped regions by treating missing (outside of the decomposed support) coefficients as insignificant and transmitting only those zerotree symbols which are in the decomposed support. The coding performance of the proposed method for several test images that include a person, a teapot and a necklace is compared to a shape-adaptive DCT and an ordinary DCT method applying low pass extrapolation to the DCT block containing the region boundaries. Experiments show that the proposed method has a better coding efficiency compared to SA-DCT and the ordinary DCT method.


Technology, Rourkela, is an authentic work carried out by him under my supervision. To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in the thesis has not been submitted to any University/Institute for the award of any ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I avail this opportunity to extent my hearty indebtedness to my guide Prof. guidance, constant encouragement and kind help at different stages for the execution of this dissertation work. constantly evaluating me and for providing useful suggestions.


The distribution of pollutants and oxygen in the atmospheric air that is formed due to operation of stationary point sources of impurities and oxygen sinks is considered.


Small quantities of block copolymers from two families, styrene-butadiene-methylmethacrylate (SBM) and methylmethacrylate-butylacrylate-methylmethacrylate (MAM) have been added to a polyethylene oxide (PEO) in order to improve its processability, namely increasing its elastic modulus without increasing too much its shear viscosity. The copolymers contain one block of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) that is compatible with PEO; the other blocks create nano phases, dispersed in the PEO matrix. Considerable efforts were devoted to finding the best blending method, either melt processing or solution casting. PEO is very sensitive to shear, and was found to degrade both in the bulk and in solution. Degradation, which cannot be avoided, was quantified through intrinsic viscosity measurements. The rheological characterization of blends containing 1, 2, and 5 wt% block copolymer was carried out. The elastic modulus was found to increase more than the complex viscosity. Blends obtained by solution casting technique gave better results. The elongational viscosity obtained for one blend containing 5 wt% of SBM showed a slight increase with respect to the pure PEO. Mechanical properties were then investigated, through tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis in flexion and in torsion; the copolymer generally enhanced the mechanical properties. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 45:1385–1394, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers


The invention discloses a method for preparing molybdenum-copper alloy blanks through continuous sintering. The method includes the steps of firstly, placing copper blocks in the lower-section cavity of a sintering crucible die cavity; secondly, placing molybdenum compression blanks in the middle-section cavity of the sintering crucible die cavity; thirdly, vertically placing the sintering crucible with the copper blocks and the molybdenum compression blanks into a sintering furnace for sintering, naturally cooling, and removing copper covering the surfaces after discharging to obtain the molybdenum-copper alloy blanks. The method has the advantages that the principle that the molybdenum compression blanks shrink during high-temperature sintering is fully utilized, the internal structure and size of the sintering crucible die cavity are ingeniously designed according to the size variation quantity of the molybdenum compression blanks, the molybdenum compression blanks after the high-temperature sintering can smoothly slide into molten copper, then furnace temperature is controlled to be in a range suitable for infiltration, continuity of the high-temperature pre-sintering and the infiltration is achieved, production flow is shortened, energy is saved, and production efficiency is increased.


The analysis above shows that Russian proverbs include vivid poetic elements, which promote the utterance to fulfill the poetic function in a speech act, and thus they can be classified as a subcategory of poetics. However, the poetic elements in proverbs are always strongly interrelated with other functions, the referential and the conative. These two latter functions are usually both present in proverbs, but have different hierarchical rankings, depending on the semantics and the aim of the whole proverbial utterance. The interrelation of the three functions -- the poetic, the referential, and the conative -- are essential to the formation and the characterization of Russian proverbs.


Europe's smart metering initiative may be the largest engineering project ever undertaken in the region; it is significantly larger than the Channel Tunnel. The European Parliament mandated the replacement of electricity meters with new 'smart' meters by 2022, except in Member States who certify this year that it would be uneconomic. This project could cost over $100 billion, and will involve non-trivial engineering challenges, a number of which touch on security and privacy issues. In fact, it is a fascinating case study in security economics: systems are much harder to protect when incentives conflict, and smart metering exposes perverse incentives galore. Nonpayment is a major concern for the utilities, whose main goal is to move defaulting customers to prepayment remotely, rather than having to roll a truck. But prior experience from countries with widespread prepayment metering suggests that it may increase technical fraud. Second, fine-grained energy consumption data reveal a lot of information about house occupants' behaviour, leading to serious privacy concerns. Third, the industry is worried that over-regulation could significantly increase the cost of the project, following negative experiences of regulatory mechanisms in smart grid projects to modernise transmission and distribution networks. Fourth, there is growing concern that centrally controllable electricity meters could be vulnerable to attack by a state-level or substate adversary. Fifth, there are serious conflicts of interest between the energy retailers who will operate the meters in most countries, the customers, and governments, which may undermine the goals of the project and which may be made worse by myopic architectural choices. Finally, the lack of a viable framework for communication between smart meters and appliances in the home will not merely lead to lack of interoperability, but could thwart competition and is likely to frustrate one of the main project goals: that future smart grids can provide demand response by tailoring the demand for energy rapidly to supply fluctuations. Without demand response, much less of our energy can come from fluctuating sources such as wind and solar. If we want to maximise the use of renewables, we will need a more incentive-compatible system architecture, and we discuss some possible first steps.


Forests around the world are changing as a result of human activity. These changes have substantial impacts on the resilience of forests, possibly pushing them towards tipping points. The objective of this Special Feature is to present research that fosters the understanding of forest resilience and potential tipping points under global change. This editorial summarizes the key findings of the seven papers in this Special Feature and puts them in the wider context of resilience thinking. Synthesis. The contributions to this Special Feature show that resilience is a useful concept to understand ecosystem change but that we have to develop a better understanding of the mechanisms and feedback loops involved in forest resilience and potential tipping points. Finally, this Special Feature presents evidence about how resilience thinking is used to better understand and manage degraded forests.


This study investigated the effects of acculturation on the psychological well-being of immigrant adolescents. The respondents were 11 to 20 years old, originally from the former Soviet Union, Turkey, Somalia, and Vietnam, and now living in Finland (N = 588). To gain an understanding of the complexity and specificity of the relationship between acculturation and psychological well-being, a large range of existing psychological well-being scales measuring acculturative stress, behavioral problems, self-esteem, life satisfaction, and sense of mastery were used as dependent variables. Most indices of psychological well-being were clearly and negatively related to perceived discrimination, and some of them were also positively related to second-language proficiency. In addition, the adolescents' experiences of parental support and adherence to traditional family-related values promoted their psychological well-being. However, the impact of this adherence was found to depend on both the specific aspect of well-being measured and the specific family-related values in question.


A power system off-line visualization application of nomograms for support in assessing voltage security is presented. Nomograms consist of different pre-contingency and contingency operating conditions, as well as different generation dispatch combinations and are intended to assist operators in control centers during peak load periods of specific areas in the electric network prone to voltage stability and for critical operating conditions. Use of colors in such nomograms for secure and insecure operating regions, operating limits, criteria violations enhance the visualization. Each nomogram shows a combination of two generation dispatches, and area load, as well as other pertinent information.


This study aims to communicate with 4 autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and 1 normal student, as the research case, in order to improve their ability to communicate with Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) intervention in social cognitive and emotional disorders, adopting a participatory multi-case study. pre-organized expanding and contracting system. It was designed to terms with life situations to communicate the contents of construction, experimental evaluation using pre-organized expanding and contracting system, with the life situations of text, frames and videos, and with people in their social, emotional performance of the operation expression comparisons to define whether it can effectively improve the case of cognitive ability or quality of communication content. Pre organization scaling system interface design equipment using mobile touch tablet PCs, as intervention tools, system refer to the use of interactive communication training assessment evaluation methods construct the following items (A) the error rates: case required a controlled set of communication forum to answer questions (2) Communication Operational efficiency: click and select questions to answer communication system layout, the average completion time (3) the system easy to learn independently Level: Case Application for the issue of its own operating system interface or need help ...... and so on in order to assess the degree of learning and completion (4) System memory and cognitive links extent Ratio: case application pre-organized user interface and cognitive assessment of the case on operational issues, the degree to prove the memory link height ratio (5) active operation, motivation to maintain assessment: Case actively operating items and the number of frequencies are interested in communicating project evaluation. And experiment with communication disorders in the system precisely familiarity to assess the degree of improvement in each training capabilities. The experimental result found that: the use of pre-organized expanding and contracting system to communicate with Experimenter and cooperation in pronunciation, the autism spectrum disorders in cognitive training, communication and complement its lack of ability to have to gradually achieve accurate familiarity, whether it is impaired or normal student, cognitive, communicative distinction accuracy, efficiency, the average time to complete the degree or independent are showing remarkable progress. This study evaluated the process of intervention aids, communication cognition learning and training aid result on specific proposals, respectively. Finally, the pre-organized expanding and contracting communication, with a touch computer interface usability experiments to prove conducive to addressing communication, cognitive affective disorder. Sustainable development more pre-organizational communication research and design content provider engaged in family's teaching promotion or related research designers and teachers.


Objective:To investigate the hepato-protective effect and possible mechanism of the tonifying kidney and nourishing liver mixture(TKNLM) on CCl4 induced acute liver injury in rats.Methods:The study analyzed ALT,AST activities in the serum,and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes(SOD,GPx,GR) in the liver.Results:When rats were treated with CCl4 in the absence of TKNLM,the activities of ALT and AST were increased,while the activities of the antioxidant enzymes were decreased.When the rats were treated with CCl4 in the presence of TKNLM,the activities of ALT and AST were significantly reduced and the activities of SOD,GR and GPx were remarkably increased.On histological examination,the administration of TKNLM showed preventive effect against liver necrosis and vacuolization.Conclusion:TKNLM possessed hepatoprotective effect.The hepatoprotective mechanism of TKNLM may be due to increasing the activities of the antioxidant enzymes(SOD,GPx and GRd) in the liver.


Abstract Behavior of LC phase nuclei in the electric field is reported. The study was performed in a cell with a temperature wedge allowing simultaneous observation of three regions, i.e. with an LC phase, with an isotropic phase and a transient region. It was possible to apply voltage to all 3 regions at the same time. The most interesting effects were observed when electric current was transmitted along the electrodes of one of the substrates made of 5 micron strips with a 20 micron period. The electric current generates LC nuclei in the isotropic phase far from the transient region; generation arising from a number of active centers on nothing but plain electrodes and stopping when the current is off. The nuclei leave the active points at a high speed, their direction being the same for all of them and strictly perpendicular to the electrodes. With changing of the direction of the current, the newly generated nuclei moved in the strictly opposite direction. Such behavior of a nucleus in the magnetic fi...


The utility model discloses a heat exchange system for thermal power plant steam turbine exhaust. The heat exchange system comprises a straight steam distribution pipe, a first tapered steam distribution pipe, a heat exchange device, a second tapered steam distribution pipe and two flanges. The straight steam distribution pipe is connected with the small-diameter end of the first tapered steam distribution pipe, the large-diameter end of the first tapered steam distribution pipe is connected with one side of the heat exchange device through the first flange, the other side of the heat exchange device is connected with the large-diameter end of the second tapered steam distribution pipe through the second flange, and the small-diameter end of the second tapered steam distribution pipe is connected with the inlet end of an air cooling island. The heat exchange device comprises a shell, a heat preservation layer, a main heat exchange pipeline and a plurality of auxiliary heat exchange pipelines, the main heat exchange pipeline and the auxiliary heat exchange pipelines are installed in the shell, and the outer side of the main heat exchange pipeline and the outer sides of the auxiliary heat exchange pipelines are connected with cooling fins. Heat in the steam turbine exhaust is fully utilized, no extra fuel needs to be consumed, energy resources are saved, the environment is not influenced, and the structure is simple.


ABSTRACT According to the 2013 Brazilian Nephrology Census, the main chronic kidney disease treatment in Brazil is the hemodialysis, for which the use of purified water is needed according to the Agencia Nacional de Vigilância Sanitaria (ANVISA), the international standards from Food and Drug Administrations (FDA) and the Association for Advancement of Medicine Instrumentation (AAMI). The reverse osmosis process (RO) is used to achieve the established parameters where the feed is separated through a semipermeable membrane resulting in purified water in one side and the concentrate in the other one. The present study aims to evaluate the quantitative and the qualitative viability of reusing this concentrate through a case study in a Hemodialysis Clinic RO unit in the City of Curitiba. An experimental evaluation was carried out using the physical, chemical and microbiological analysis of the concentrate seeking to meet the four reuse classes according to ABNT NBR 13969/97. Also, the following parameters were analyzed according to the drinking pattern: ammonia, chloride, free chlorine, total hardness, total iron, fluoride, nitrates, nitrites, sulfates, total dissolved solids and total coliforms. The concentrate volume was measured through hydrometers at strategic points. A concentrate reuse of about 23% by the clinic was observed. The achieved results meet the four classes of reuse, but it was observed that the fluoride parameter result was equal to the drinking water standard limit.Keywords: hemodialysis; wastewater reuse; concentrate; reverse osmosis.


The impedance-based analysis method is an effective way to study the small-signal stability of the grid-connected converter system. A valid impedance model is the premise of the accurate stability analysis. In this study, the impedance model of the grid side sampling modular multilevel converter (MMC) is established both in AC and DC side. Compared with the existing work, the effect of the transformer impedance, ratio and group on the impedance characteristic is considered in modeling, which improves the accuracy of model. the effect of transformer parameters and types on MMC impedance characteristic is analyzed, after verifying the valid of the model in Matlab/Simulink. The stability analysis results show that the model can provide a theoretical reference for the impedance modeling and analysis of the grid side sampling MMC.


Gnaeus Pompeius Theophanes (ca. 90–after 48 bce) was a member of a politically-prominent family of Mytilene on Lesbos (see Mytilene; Lesbos) and served as chief magistrate (prytanis) there before 67 bce.

Keywords:

Greek history;
historians;
imperialism and conquest;
Roman history;
war


Digital TV broadcast technology is growing rapidly. One among many digital TV standards that has been develoved is DVB standard. When we want to use non-DVB enabler device such as general smartphone as a DVB receiver, we need to develop applications that can run on that device. In this paper, it is presented how we develop such application and emphasize in designing Electronic Service Guide (ESG) as a part of the whole applications. After the successful design of ESG, we then evaluate the performance of each ESG delivery techniques. Delivery techniques tested were FTP, HTTP, and FLUTE. The analysis parameters were the delivery time, overhead, and throughput delivery. ESG files that have been designed simply to answer the needs of the information on these scenarios and can serve other facilities such as polls, traffic, and file download service. For delivery, FTP is more reliable than HTTP for the pull method, while the FLUTE is suitable for the push method.


Abstract Background Distinguishing aspergillosis from mucormycosis is clinically important as different antifungal agents are required. However, the sensitivity of fungal culture is suboptimal and histomorphologic diagnosis is not always accurate due to morphologic similarities. We investigated the diagnostic performance of immunohistochemistry (IHC) test for diagnosis of aspergillosis and mucormycosis. Methods Patients who met the criteria for mycologically proven aspergillosis or mucormycosis and in whom formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were available were enrolled at a tertiary hospital from January 1992 to October 2017. Mycologically proven invasive fungal infections were defined as there were the histologic evidence of tissue invasion of hyphae and the recovery of Aspergillus species or agents of mucormycosis (Rhizopus spp., Cunninghamella spp., Apophysomycesspp., Saksenaea spp., Absidia spp., Mucor spp.) by culture from sterile specimens. Anti-Aspergillus mouse monoclonal antibody (1:50; clone WF-AF-1; LSBio, WA, USA) and anti-Rhizopus arrhizus mouse monoclonal antibody (1:100; clone WSSA-RA-1; LSBio, WA, USA) were used for IHC test, and we evaluated the diagnostic performance of IHC test using sensitivity and specificity. Results A total of 32 invasive fungal infection including 12 proven mucormycosis and 20 proven aspergillosis were analyzed. The fungal species from sterile sites and diagnostic performance of IHC test for these 30 patients were shown in Table 1. Conclusion The IHC test seems to be useful in compensating the limitations of histomorphologic diagnosis in distinguishing between aspergillosis and mucormycosis. Keywords. Aspergillosis; Mucormycosis; Histomorphology; Immunohistochemistry Table 1: Diagnostic Performance of Mucormycosis and Aspergillosis Immunohistochemistry Tests in Proven Mucormycosis and Proven Aspergillosis IHC Test Result Proven Mucormycosis,No. of Cases (n = 12) Proven Aspergillosis,No. of Cases (n = 20) Diagnostic Performance% (95% CI) Mucormycosis Positive 12 0 Sensitivity: 100(70–100) Negative 0 0 Specificity: 100 (80–100) Aspergillosis Positive 0 18 Sensitivity: 90(67–98) Negative 0 2 Specificity: 100(70–100) Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; IHC, immunohistochemistry. Disclosures S. H. Kim, the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI): Investigator, Grant recipient.


A. A. Albert showed that the middle nucleus and center coincide for a simple Jordan algebra finite-dimensional over a field of characteristic 3L 2. E. Kleinfeld extended this to arbitrary simple Jordan algebras of characteristic $ 2. Recently this result has played a crucial role in the structure theory of E. Zelmanov. In this note we extend the result to linear Jordan algebras with no derivation-invariant trivial ideals. The left, middle, and right nucleus N1(A), Nm(A), N7(A) of any nonassociative algebra A consists of the elements n E A with [n, A, A] = 0, [A, n, A] = 0, [A, A, n] = 0 respectively, where the associator is given by [x, y, z] = (xy)z x(yz). The nucleus N(A) consists of the elements in all three nuclei simultaneously, and the center C(A) consists of the nuclear elements which commute with A, [n, A] = 0. A derivation of A is a linear transformation D satisfying (1) D(xy) = D(x)y + xD(y) and hence necessarily (2) D([x, y, z]) = [D(x), y, z] + [x, D(y), z] + [x, y, D(z)] as well. From this we see each nucleus is derivation-invariant, D(Ni(A)) C Ni(A) for all D (the same is true of the center). When A is commutative we have (3) [x,y,z] = [z,y,x], (4) [x, y, z] + [y, z, x] + [z, x, y] = 0, so C(A) = N(A) = N1(A) = N7(A) C Nm(A). Our goal is to show conversely that for semiprime Jordan algebras the reverse inclusion holds as well. This has become important in Zelmanov's work [4], where expressions [X3, [x1, X2]2, X4] play a crucial role and one wants to know that if these vanish for all X3, X4 (i.e. [xl, X2]2 is middle-nuclear) then [x1, x2]2 is actually central. We restrain our quadratic sympathies and work entirely with (nonunital) linear Jordan algebras J over a ring of scalars 41 containing 1. Thus J has product xy satisfying the Jordan axioms (5) xy = yx, i.e. [x, y] = 0, (6) (x2y)x = x2(yx), i.e. [x2, y, x] = 0. In addition to the left multiplication operator Lx(z) = xz, the U-operator (7) Ux(z) (2L LX2)(Z) plays an important role even in the linear theory. It satisfies the identity Received by the editors August 28, 1981. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 17C10. 'Research partially supported by NSF Grant MCS-80-02319 2The second author wishes to thank the Department of Pure Mathematics at the University of Sydney for its hospitality, and to thank Dr. K. G. Choo for his assistance and encouragement. i 1982 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/81 /0000-0177/$01 .75 21 This content downloaded from 184.108.40.206 on Sun, 23 Oct 2016 04:37:00 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 22 KEVIN MCCRIMMON AND NG SEONQ NAM (8) LYUX + UXL UX,X (UX, UX+YUXUY). The inner derivations Dx,y are defined by (9) DX,Y(z) = [Lx, Ly](z) -[x, z, y]; any derivation D satisfies (10) D(Uxy) = UD(X),XY + UxD(y), [D, Dxy] = DD(X),Y + Dx,D(y). A Jordan algebra is semiprime if it contains no trivial ideals B (UBB = 0) and is D-semiprime if it contains no nonzero trivial ideals B invariant under all derivations. THEOREM. The middle nucleus, and center coincide, Nm(J) C(J), for any D-semiprime linear Jordan algebra J. PROOF.. We must show n E Nm(J) ? n E Nl(J), i.e. [J, n, J] =0 [n, J, J] = 0. Following Albert [1] we introduce an ideal


The irregular periodicity of some biosphere phenomena, such as climatic cycles, mass extinctions, abrupt changes of biodiversity rate and others in the course of geological time is analyzed on the basis of a global redox carbon cycle model. It is shown that these differences by nature phenomena have a common cause for the periodicity. The cause is the periodic impact of moving lithospheric plates on photosynthesis via CO2 injections. The source of CO2 is the oxidation of sedimentary organic matter in thermochemical sulfate reduction from zones, where plates collide. The periodicity and the irregularity of lithospheric plates' movement generate orogenic cycles, at the background of which biosphere events appear. The biosphere events are usually followed by a set of traits that are used to identify the events in the geological past. Orogenic cycles manifested till the moment when the carbon cycle didn't reach the ecological compensation point, i.e., when the amount of photosynthetically produced carbon will become equal to the amount of the reduced carbon oxidized in the numerous oxidation processes in the Earth's crust. After reaching this point long-term organic cycles were replaced by short-term climatic oscillations. The same set of traits characterizing the organic cycles and the climatic oscillations evidences for their same nature. The changes concern only duration of the event and the scale of its influence.


Spain has a constant presence in the Costa Rican press with a majority of the news transmitting a good image of the country. The reports on the economic crisis have been neither sufficiently frequent nor as well elaborated in order to injure the positive effects of the news on sport and culture. This is the main conclusion from the comparative analysis of the reports published in four newspapers, representatives of the written media in Costa Rica during the second semester of 2009 and three years later, during the second semester of 2012.


Twenty-five 2,2'-disubstituted N -phenylbenzenesulfonamides (2-X-C 6 H 4 SO 2 NHC 6 H 4 -Y-2') were synthesised and their purity checked by elemental analysis. This set of model substrates involved all possible combinations of methoxy, methyl, hydrogen, chloro, and nitro substituents. The dissociation constants of the sulfonamides were determined by potentiometric titration in methanol, pyridine, dimethyl sulfoxide, N , N -dimethylformamide, acetone, and acetonitrile. The dissociation constants p K HA obtained were correlated with various sets of substituent constants describing electronic and steric effects of the substituents, and the statistically treated data were used to discuss the contribution of the substituent effects in the dissociation and the difference between the effects transmitted from the two rings. A linear regression model explaining 99% of the variability of experimental data in all the solvents has been found and discussed. Moreover, the experimental data were also interpreted by the methods using latent variables, the principal component analysis (PCA) and conjugated deviation analysis (CDA), and two latent variables were shown to be statistically significant in the description of dissociation. The first obviously describes common action of electronic and steric effects of substituents; the other probably concerns a combined effect of substituent and solvent on the position of acid-base equilibrium.


The properties of the insulating material must be the best to avoid failure of electrical equipment. Partial discharges act as electrical sparks that occur within insulation and the high-voltage electrical system. The different types of voltage and current pulses are produced, which last for a very short time. Partial discharge is taking place in high voltage power equipment such as cables, transmission lines and transformers, etc.


AIM: To design a clinical trial of non-inferiority for treating acute bacterial infections by an example and quantitively analyze the results. METHODS: A randomized, double-blind, multicenter, parallel controlled, and non-inferiority study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of antofloxacin hydrochloride (200 mg,qd) and levofloxacin (200 mg,q12 h) (n=360). The oral administration lasted 7-14 days. The main end point was clinical efficacy rates. The margin of non-inferiority was 0.15 (15%). RESULTS:After 7-14 days of treatment, no significant difference was found between the two groups either in the efficacy rate (antofloxacin hydrochloride: 95.1%, Levofloxacin: 96.6%, treatment difference, -0.015; 95% confidence interval [CI] for the difference, -0.045 to 0.015) or the incidence of adverse reactions (antofloxacin hydrochloride: 8.1%, levofloxacin: 8.1%). CONCLUSION:Antofloxacin hydrochloride is non-inferior to levofloxacin, and well tolerated in the treatment of acute bacterial infections.


Passive optical networks are envisioned to become increasingly complex as they support more and more diverse and immersive services that have different capacity, latency, and reliability needs. In the near term, they are expected to support the delivery of a diverse and immersive set of services including mixed reality, holographic communication, human-to-machine/robot communications, Tactile Internet, and digital sensing. However, in supporting these diverse and immersive services, traffic on the network will become increasingly dynamic across a range of different time scales. The upstream bandwidth in a passive optical network is typically shared by a group of end users, meaning that the uplink latency performance as experienced by each end user is thus highly dependent on the amount and when bandwidth to that end user is allocated. Machine learning enhanced bandwidth allocation algorithms have been proposed but are typically stationary, primarily-designed or pre-trained based on certain network configurations. In dynamic network conditions where traffic can evolve over time, concept drift, a phenomenon whereby the underlying distribution of the training data will no longer be representative of that in deployment, may occur. In view of future dynamic network conditions, we present a novel online reinforcement learning based bandwidth allocation scheme to address concept drift in machine learning enhanced passive optical network. The scheme facilitates self-adaptive decisions in real-time to accommodate dynamic network environments with varying traffic types and network loads. Results from comprehensive performance evaluation of the scheme show that rapid and self-adaptive bandwidth decisions can be achieved, yielding ~ 60% latency improvement in dynamic traffic environments.


This empirical study is conducted to figure out the level of voluntary disclosure and also to seek factors that influenced probability of voluntary disclosure levels. Factors refers are non-human factors. The weakness occurred from researchers that related with disclosure have not been able to identify the human factors which influenced voluntary disclosure. As been revealed by Parera (1994:268) and Coke (2000:1), disclosure is an accountancy activities involved human and non human resources including techniques that involved both of them. Different with previous studies, this research was pointed to (1) examine the consistency and inconsistency of previous empirical studies and also include two additional variables, which are groups of company (consist of manufactured and non manufactured) and the complexity of business, which all of them included in non human factor cathegory, and (2) developing the possibility to put human factor as the determinant of voluntary disclosure levels regarding to Indonesia's capital market movement after the crisis. According to analysis devices, logistic regression analysis or logit models. Is used this particular method is highly relevant to conduct if there is an expectation that the distribution of dependent variables responses is non linear with one or several independent variables. Key words : Voluntary Disclosure, Human Factor, Non Human Factor, Logit Model


Low-tech industries, usually defined as industries with a low R&D component, constitute an essential part of the economy in several countries. Providing knowledge on how these industries may sustain economic growth and welfare in the future, therefore represent a key policy issue. In this article a network approach to technical change is applied. The socio-economic trajectory followed by one of the fastest growing low-tech sectors in the Norwegian economy is studied. This path has been shaped by core capabilities in the Norwegian technology infrastructure, and by fundamental changes in governmental policies. It is shown that the increasing competitiveness of the aquaculture industry has gone hand in hand with an increased ability to transform and assimilate very advanced technologies generated within other sectors of the economy. The ability to assimilate such products has been enhanced both by governmental policies and by a dramatic increase in the market concentration ratio within the aquaculture industry.


Cloud storage auditing is considered as a significant service to verify the integrity of the data stored in cloud. Liu et al. have proposed a proof of storage pro- tocol with public auditing form lattice assumption, which can resist quantum computer attacks. They claim that the protocol enjoys desirable security properties, such as un- forgeability and privacy preserving. We demonstrate that any malicious cloud service provider can cheat the third party auditor and the users, through generating the valid response proof which can pass the verification even if some other data blocks are lost by accident. And the primitive data blocks maybe recovered by any curious third party auditor through solving some linearly equations. Our work can help cryptographers and engineers design and imple- ment more secure and efficient lattice-based public audit- ing scheme for the cloud storage data.


Investigative journalists quite often operate on the fringes of the law. The border is crossed when reporter knows about the possible crime and will not share his information with the law enforcement (if obliged by the law). The possibility of making a mistake comes also with the process of finding, collecting and publishing the evidence. It includes the situations of interfering with ongoing investigation or legal processes. The article offers the analysis of current regulations in Poland and provides the possible de lege ferenda solutions for investigative journalists.


Background:  The fragrance terpene R‐limonene is a very weak sensitizer but forms allergenic oxidation products upon contact with air. Oxidized (ox.) limonene is a frequent cause of contact allergy in clinical testing.


Objective: In this paper we studied the impact of overweight and lipid metabolism disorders on the process of carotid arteries remodeling in women with arterial hypertension (AH) of I-II stage. Materials and methods: With the help of ultrasound scans were evaluated the layer structure of the carotid artery wall, lipid metabolism parameters and body mass index in 96 women with hypertension. Results and discussion: In women with hypertension, overweight and obesity, the restructuring shows intima-media thickening (IMT), mainly due to the media layer. Conclusions: The revealed correlation between cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and IMT, mainly media layer, in women with hypertension may indicate the combined impact of main metabolic factors on the early stages of carotid arteries remodeling.


A growing emphasis upon equal health care access has been evident in governmental documentation. Deaf people have a right to access health care and health information in the same way as the general population. There has been a growth in demand for improved service access along with an emphasis upon improving individual"s lifestyles. However, little is actually known about deaf people"s health needs, related community initiatives in the Deaf community and effective strategies for reaching this community. The aim was to look at the various factors influencing deaf people"s health, their access to health care systems through their experiences, and the effectiveness of intervention work. In addition, exploration was made of the issues from the perspectives of deaf people and their lay views. Recommendations are made towards appropriate intervention work for the improvement of the deaf individual"s health. The approach undertaken included a range of qualitative interviews with deaf individuals. These were carried out in the form of focus groups, and one-to-one semi-structured interviews with Deaf community members and health professionals. The findings illustrate that deaf people are disadvantaged when trying to access health services, and generally have low self-esteem along with poor circumstances, leading to poor social economic status. Acknowledgement is also made of the medical profession and funding bodies to recognise the communication needs of deaf people and to gain respect for the cultural diversity of the Deaf community. The results from this research will provide invaluable information for health professionals and the Deaf community. The value of this approach will provide clearer quality standards and a working model towards improving deaf people"s current health status.


This research aims to analyze the effect of interest rates, inflation, oil prices, exchange rates, and foreign exchange reserves on bond yields. This research was conducted on 5-year government bond from four member countries of ASEAN, that is Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Philippines during the period 2006 to 2015. The data used in this research is the monthly data of government bond yields, interest rates (policy rates), oil prices (West Texas Intermediate), exchange rates, and foreign exchange reserves. The data obtained from Bank of Indonesia website, Bank of Thailand website, and Bloomberg. The analysis method used for this research is Exponential Generalized AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (EGARCH). The data analysis phase through the data stationary test, EGARCH estimation, Akaike information criterion (AIC) and schwartz criterion (SC) test, ARCH LM test, and Z-statistic test. The results find that oil prices and exchange rates have positive and significant effect on government bond yields for all the countries studied, both Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Filipina. Interest rates have positive and significant effect on Indonesia and Thailand government bond yields. Inflation has positive and significant effect on Malaysia and Thailand government bond yields. While foreign exchange rates have negative and significant effect on Indonesia and Thailand government bond yields.


Simple Summary Swine manure is a significant source of agricultural organic waste, and in recent years, it has been shown that black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens (L.), (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), is effective at treating manures or compounds based on them. African swine fever virus (ASFV) infections have significantly modified the preventative procedure, including the disinfection of manure with various disinfectants, since 2018 when they first became a serious issue in the Chinese swine production industry. However, there is not any research discussing the influences of disinfectants in manures on black soldier fly larvae (BSFL). Therefore, this study examined the effects of the disinfectants contained in pig manure on the growth of BSFL and the reduction of waste. Additionally, the disinfectants might not only eliminate important pathogens but also alter the microbial composition of the gut of the larvae; thus, investigations of the intestinal bacterial communities of the BSFL-fed manures, which were mixed with various disinfectants, were conducted. These findings will be helpful in providing a better treatment of swine manures with BSFL. Abstract The use of the black soldier fly has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of swine manure. Since the outbreaks of ASFV, prevention procedures, including manure disinfection, have changed dramatically. Glutaraldehyde (GA) and potassium peroxymonosulfate (PPMS) have been shown to be effective in the prevention of this pathogen and are thus widely used in the disinfection of swine manures, etc. However, research on the effects of disinfectants in manures on the growth of BSFL and gut microbiota is scarce. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of GA and PPMS on BSFL growth, manure reduction, and gut microbiota. In triplicate, 100 larvae were inoculated in 100 g of each type of manure compound (manure containing 1% GA treatment (GT1), manure containing 0.5% GA treatment (GT2), manure containing 1% PPMS treatment (PT1), manure containing 0.5% PPMS treatment (PT2), and manure without disinfectant (control)). After calculating the larval weight and waste reduction, the larval gut was extracted and used to determine the microbial composition. According to the results, the dry weights of the larvae fed PT1–2 (PT1: 86.7 ± 4.2 mg and PT2: 85.3 ± 1.3 mg) were significantly higher than those of the larvae fed GT1–2 (GT1: 72.5 ± 2.1 mg and GT2: 70 ± 2.8 mg) and the control (64.2 ± 5.8 mg). There was a 2.8–4.03% higher waste reduction in PT1–2 than in the control, and the waste reduction in GT1–2 was 7.17–7.87% lower than that in the control. In a gut microbiota analysis, two new genera (Fluviicola and Fusobacterium) were discovered in PT1–2 when compared to GT1–2 and the control. Furthermore, the disinfectants did not reduce the diversity of the microbial community; rather, Shannon indices revealed that the diversities of GT1–2 (GT1: 1.924 ± 0.015; GT2: 1.944 ± 0.016) and PT1 (1.861 ± 0.016) were higher than those of the control (1.738 ± 0.015). Finally, it was found that both disinfectants in swine manures at concentrations of 1% and 0.5% may be beneficial to the complexity and cooperation of BSFL gut microbiota, according to an analysis of microbial interactions.


Two field experiments were carried out during the two successive seasons of 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 at the Experimental Station of National Research Centre at Shalkan, Kalubia Governorate to study the response of growth and yield of onion to potassium sulphate fertilizer at rates of 0, 150 and 300 kg/fed, as well as potassium humate at rate of 0, 3, 6 and 12 L/fed. The important obtained results were as follows:-1. Increasing the potassium addition level up to 150 kg/fed had a significant effect on the growth characters, i.e. plant height, number of leaves / plant, fresh and dry weight of whole plant as well as total yield and its components (bulb weight as g / bulb and bulb dimension. Also, gave the highest percentage of TSS, N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu. Increasing the potassium addition from 150 up to 300 kg/fed caused a reduction in growth characters, yield and chemical characters, (TSS, N, P, K and Fe, but increased Mn, Zn and Cu). 2. Foliar application of potassium humate at different levels, i.e. 0, 3, 6 and 12 L/fed. had a significant effect on growth characters and total yield and its components as well as chemical characters all of them resulted its highest values only with that onion plants, which sprayed with humic acid at 6 L/fed, but that onion plants, which sprayed with humic acid at levels of 12 L/fed resulted less plant growth as well as yield and its components, in addition caused an increment in TSS, N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn in bulb tissues.


— Fr chnique which nd dissimilar m etween the dif agnesium, stee any researcher bove mentioned eed to fully un tter industrially Stir W can be used to materials. Diss fferent series el and titanium rs. This review d materials an nderstand the F y.


Tourism in the world and the country has had a broad development. Francisco de Orellana canton has in the parish of El Dorado and tourist attractions, new experiences in tourism, agro-tourism, which has much potential growth. The work is on the development of the agrotourism, exactly the design of the farm agrotourist Bella Vista.
Design is established since cultural practices and agroforestry and forestpasture deployed in the North of the Ecuadorian Amazon, to improve the design also signage to be used. Agroproductives components, natural or conservation, space tourism and infrastructure are established within the design. Subsequently, basis uses the Business Plan, based on strategic analysis and theory development and evaluation of projects, to determine the feasibility of the proposal. Finally, sets a design plan of outreach for El Dorado parish, based on the communication theory and found bibliographical information.
Between them results obtained is achieved a design agritourism compatible with the production of the North of the Amazon Ecuadorian, and on the base of them main products agricultural and livestock and of the knowledge of them plants timber and not timber, of the use of it conservation and of it infrastructure of the estate. In the business plan is achieved to get the feasibility to carry out the proposal. And the broadcasting tourist to improve the knowledge of the tourism in the parish. Finally, it is concluded that the proposal is feasible, that agro-tourism is an important source of tourism development and promoting and disseminating tourism promotes the growth.


Director Neal Lane shared his excitement for scientific progress and discovery when he discussed his recent experience during the Alvin submersible dive off Catalina. The quoted material below is taken from comments he made during his presentation of the National Science Foundation budget at a meeting held on March 19, 1996, just 2 days after the Alvin dive.


White noise analysis uses expressions of functionals and operators in two ways, one is the so-called digital. Taking the system of basic random variables to be , functionals and operators are defined depending on those variables . The other is analogue. The system of variables is that of idealized elemental random variables , namely white noise. The first aim of this note is to see a clear passage from digital to analogue. The second aim is to find subgroups, actually sub-semigroups, of the infinite dimensional rotation group which play dominant roles in white noise analysis. Related to the analogue calculus, we shall find sub-semigroups of . They are interested in white noise analysis and in group theory too.


This paper discusses findings of a study investigating graduate student experiences on- and off-campus among all departments within the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at the University of Florida, a large public land grant institution with a mix of on-campus, off-campus and online distance-delivered graduate academic programs. The investigation utilized a mixed methods approach where a series of focus groups were conducted with students, faculty, graduate advisors and administrators to gain insight into the differences graduate students experience in traditional and non-traditional learning environments. Focus groups findings were used to develop an online survey that examined connectedness and social isolation perceptions of on- and off-campus students. The results of the survey support the hypothesis that off-campus students are less connected to their home departments and feel a greater sense of social isolation than on-campus students. A major implication of this study is the ongoing need for institutions engaged in distance education academic programs to commit to exploring and implementing practical applications designed to fully address connectedness and social presence issues among the students they seek to serve.


The absorption spectra of the HCl, NaCl, and NaOH solutions during and after the solution plasma sputtering for the preparation of gold nanoparticles are measured by in situ ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy to determine the particle diameter and behavior. In the solution plasma sputtering, gold particles are directly formed from the plasma phase and not by the reduction of Au3+ ions dissolved from electrodes. The initial diameter and behavior differ according to the solution used. In HCl solution, gold nanoparticles are formed and dissolve into Au3+ ions. When the solution is saturated, the gold nanoparticles grow by the aggregation of Au3+ ions. Cluster-sized particles are formed in NaCl solution that constitute nanoparticles, which are very stable for several days. Gold nanoparticles of 3 nm diameter are formed in NaOH solution, which aggregate over several days. The contribution of chlorine ions to the day-order stability of gold nanoparticles is suggested.


FIELD: medicine, pharmaceutics. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to new cyclic indolysincarboxamides and azaindolysincarboxamides of formulas Ia and Ib: presented below, wherein the values of R, R a , R 10 , R 20 , R 30 , R 40 , Y, n, p and q are specified in cl. 1 of formula. What is described is a method for preparing them. EFFECT: compounds exhibit rennin-inhibitory activity that enables using them in the pharmaceutical composition and for treating hypertension. 11 cl, 4 tbl, 17 ex


Today, modern urban areas are relatively declining due to rapid economic growth centering on urban areas. As an aging city activating measure, interest and continuous research on the urban regeneration business is actively under way. Urban Farm has already been actively researched and put into practical use from abroad, It can be seen that this is a high value for urban regeneration. Urban agriculture is a scheme for securing agricultural land in overcrowded urban areas, including garden gardens, plant factories and vertical farms. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of urban agriculture and its characteristics and problems by analyzing the architectural features of vertical farms in developed countries.


J-PARC 3 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) and 50 GeV Synchrotron (MR) employ the Magnetic Alloy (MA) loaded RF cavities. We observed the impedance reductions of MR RF cavities. Opening the RF cavities, we found that the impedance reductions were caused by corrosion on the core cutting surfaces. The copper ions in the cooling water from hollow conductors of main magnets might accelerate the corrosion process.


During the last decade in Korea, non-profit organizations (NPO) have shown incredible growth in both their number and size due to the development of civil society and government-subsidizing policies. Most registered NPOs are subsidized by the government but their learning capacities and financial performance in meeting new social needs in an innovative manner is somewhat limited and even less sustainable. In this article, the authors assume that the learning organization characteristics of NPOs influence their levels of performance and employee satisfaction. An analytical framework that enables a better understanding of the relationship between learning organization and perceived financial performance is proposed. On the basis of the proposed framework, the hypothesis that the learning organization characteristics improve the financial performance of NPOs is empirically tested. The analysis results confirmed that the learning organization characteristics enhance financial performance and employee satisfaction.


Objective To establish a simple and feasible method for isolation of mitochondria from lung in rat.Methods Using different isolation mediums,rat pulmonary mitochondrial pellet was collected by differential centrifugation.Then accumulated mitochondria was fixed with fixing solution.Lastly,mitochondrial ultrastructure was observed by transmission electronic microscope.Results To compare the results of different separating mediums used to isolate mitochondria of rat lung,on the electron micrographs,pulmonary mitochondria isolated in kalium chloratum were swollen,autolytic or broken,but the majority of mitochondria in rat lung separated by STE solution were intact.Conclusion The method of STE isolation medium is simple and reliable.Mitochondria can be totally accumulated in this way.


This study was conducted to provide a comprehensive understanding of determinants of science teachers' healthy eating intentions and behaviors by combining the health belief model and the theory of planned behavior into one conceptual framework and considering the mediating impact of attitude and intention on behavior. This study was conducted based on cross sectional study design between November 2019 and February 2020. A total of 13 hypotheses were tested and data collected from 563 science teachers in Turkey were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results of the study showed that the proposed model explained the variance in intention and behavior at a more satisfactory level than existing theories. The results also revealed that all of the hypotheses were supported. In addition, the mediating role of attitude and intention in understanding science teachers' healthy eating behaviors was identified. The study can provide important implications for education stakeholders, curriculum developers and science educators.
Keywords: health belief model, healthy eating behavior, science education, theory of planned behavior


"ContentsIntroduction Why fraud is important What is corporate fraudThe directors' role The duty of directors The role and requirements of corporate governanceThe risk of fraud and how to reduce it internal controls to tackle fraud creating the right environment for fraud preventionProcurement fraudDebtors fraudsPayroll and expenses fraudInvestment fraud What is money launderingInsolvency fraudSector fraudHotel and LeisureRetailManufacturingCharityE-businessPublic sector fraudProfessional firms and investment businessesInsuranceTechnology to fight fraudThe external auditor's roleThe internal auditor's roleWhat to do on discovering a fraudAppendicesThe Turnbull report - a summary of the requirementsCharity commission risk register (st copyright)SAS 110 (st copyright)Example of an external auditor's risk assessmentExample of internal audit testing scheduleWhat to do if you suspect a fraudCriminal offences which may be used in fraud casesFraud HealthcheckExample fraud policy and response planHM treasury short fraud policy (st copyright)Websites with further information on fraud"


An infant carrier apparatus comprising: a support frame; a seat assembly; a backrest assembly, the backrest assembly comprises an engaging end portion and can be rotated relative to the seat assembly to different angles of inclination; and a positioning member the positioning member is movable relative to the engaging end portion is engaged to lock the inclination angle of the backrest assembly. Wherein the backrest assembly is rotatable adjacent to the seat assembly, the backrest assembly such that a flat area defining the seat assembly. Due to the simple relationship between the backrest assembly and the combination of the positioning member, can reduce the production cost, and the operator when the tube urging direction of the backrest, only the backrest while promoting generation pivot assembly, the backrest assembly can be easily switch to change to the desired angle or.


Figs. I -A and I -B: Clinical and radiographic presentation on the second day of life. Fig. I -A: Photograph of the extremity. which is swollen distal to the hand. There was obvious motion at the site of the hand; the distal part of the tibia was deviated medially and anteriorly and was in 6t) degrees of internal rotation. Nubbins on the distal aspect of the swollen foot represent two of the lateral five toes. Fig. 1-B: Radiograph showing a pseudarthrosis of both the tibia and the fihula at the level of the band. There was medial and posterior angulation as well as internal rotation at the site.


Spectral bio-optical properties of Black Sea coastal waters (near Sevastopol) with different trophic status were analysed. In summer 2020-2021, the chlorophyll a concentration (Ca) differed by an order between stations, located in the apex of the Sevastopol Bay and at a distance ~2 miles from the Sevastopol Bay. At the station located in the apex of the Sevastopol Bay, effected by river runoff (the most trophic waters), the total particulate light absorption at wavelength 438 nm (aP(438)) increased by an order compared to station located at a distance of ~2miles zone from the Bay. The contribution of the light absorption by non-algal particles to the ap(438) was not depended on water trophic status. With a rise of water trophic status the coefficient of colored dissolved organic matter absorption increased by ~2.2 times, and the coefficient of total non-water absorption (atot(438)) increased by ~4 times. The spectral features of downwelling irradiance depended on the atot(438). The increasing of atot(438) of about 10 times resulted in shift of ~50 nm to the longer wavelength domain of the spectrum.


In this research work was carried out an analysis of the impact of collective ownership, based on Law 70 of 1993, the Consejo Comunitario Integral de Lloro Cocoillo (Choco Colombia). A notice of the social, economic, political and cultural development of the Consejo Comunitario, forging a global picture of the development of this community for the recognition of the right to collective ownership of black communities, where paperwork must be filled bill extending the Decree 1745 of 1995, article 20, for the collective titling of the lands they inhabit.


Introduction: Good hand hygiene practices reduce the risk of transmission of infection in healthcare. In common with other areas of healthcare, infection control knowledge and practice in radiography has potential for improvement. Regular hand hygiene compliance (HHC) monitoring indicated poor compliance in radiology which did not accurately reflect practice in one organisation. Using a quality improvement cycle, the process and context of work undertaken in radiology were examined in order to improve the validity and utility of HHC monitoring data collection process in the department. Methods: Following examination of the evidence base and with agreement from the radiology team, the chest X-ray process was observed and actions notated. This was then scored using the organisation and the World Health Organization five moments of hand hygiene tool. An alternative risk-based scoring system was developed. Results: The HHC score of 22% was obtained using standard measurements. Achievement of 100% compliance would require the radiographer to clean their hands nine times for each X-ray. The sequence of taking a chest X-ray was examined and two points in the process were identified as key points at which hand cleaning should take place to reduce the risk of transmission of infection. Conclusions: Cleaning hands frequently to achieve compliance expectations in this short low-risk process is neither feasible nor beneficial. A pragmatic risk-based approach to hand hygiene expectations in predictable procedures such as taking a chest X-ray reduces ambiguity and potentially increases compliance.


General aviation is an important segment of the aviation industry encompassing more than 700,000 pilots who fly over 30,000,000 hours annually in over 200,000 aircraft. General aviation also experienced well over 13,000 fatalities between 1975 and 1985, an average of over 11 people killed for each person killed in an accident by a U.S. scheduled jet carrier. Not surprisingly, general aviation is perceived as less safe than either jet carriers or commuters, yet far less attention has been paid to general aviation safety than to scheduled carrier safety. This paper examines safety in general aviation by analyzing the causes of over 9,000 general aviation accidents that occurred in the United States between 1983 and 1986 using data collected by the National Transportation Safety Board. Records of individual accidents are examined to determine the initial cause of the accidents. General aviation safety is then compared with other segments of the aviation industry. The differences are examined in light of differences in regulatory and operating practices, pilot training and experience, aircraft performance capabilities, maintenance practices, and other factors.


Objective To compare the differences of liquid and powder enteral nutrition preparations in preparing time and contamination incidence rate. Methods 20 patients, receiving enteral nutrition, were randomized into two groups:liquid preparation group(n=10) and powder preparation group(n=10). All the patients were given enteral nutrition over 6 days. The pre-administration preparing procedure was timed and the bacteria culture of the preparation was carried out before and after administration respectively. Results 1. pre-administration preparing time:It took significantly less preparing time in liquid group (18.0±3.0 sec) than in powder group [(106.0±21.0) s], P=0.0001. 2. Bacteria culture of the preparation: It was negative in both liquid and powder preparations before administration. The positive rate is 20%(2/10) in powder group 6 hours after the start of administration while negative in liquid group (P=0.14). Conclusions Liquid preparation took less preparing time,was of less contamination, and was of more convenience to be administered. Powder preparation was of less cost but was of occasional contamination when being prepared before administration.


ABSTRACT We consider estimating the tail-index of a distribution under the assumption of multivariate ellipticity. Recently, a separating Hill estimator for multivariate elliptical distributions was proposed. This estimator is an affine invariant alternative to using the marginal observations in tail-index estimation and is hence unaffected by, e.g. change of units of measurement. However, the separating Hill estimator depends on the location and scatter of the elliptical distribution, which, in practice, have to be estimated. The effect of replacing the true location and scatter of the distribution by estimates has previously been only examined through simulations. In this article we show that the error caused by replacing the location and scatter of the distribution by estimates indeed is asymptotically negligible. This fact is essential for the practicality of the separating Hill estimator. In addition to providing the theoretical results, we present simulation results on the asymptotic behaviour of the estimators.


In this paper we designed a two-dimensional photonic cystal with a rectangular lattice of elliptic cylinders in the GaAs backgroud material.By manipulating dielectric of elliptic cylinders,one can obtain the controllable band gap structure.It is shown that tunable band gap in the high region of normalized frequency could be achieved by choosing the specific D-value of dielectric.


Differential evolution algorithms represent an efficient framework to solve complicated optimization tasks with many variables and complex constraints. Nevertheless, the classic differential evolution algorithm does not guarantee the convergence to the global minimum of the cost function. Therefore, the authors developed a modification of this algorithm that ensures asymptotic global convergence. The article provides a comparison of the ability to identify the global minimum of the cost function for the following three algorithms: the classic differential evolution algorithm, the above mentioned modified differential evolution algorithm and an algorithm of random sampling enhanced by a hill climbing procedure. We designed a series of numerical experiments to perform this comparison. The results indicate that the classic differential evolution algorithm is in general an extremely poor global optimizer (global minimum found in 2% of cases). On the other hand the performance of the modified differential evol...


We survey methods and results of fractional differential equations in which an unknown function is under the operation of integration and/or differentiation of fractional order. As an illustrative example, we review results on fractional integral and differential equations of thermistor type. Several nonlocal problems are considered: with Riemann-Liouville, Caputo, and time-scale fractional operators. Existence and uniqueness of positive solutions are obtained through suitable fixed-point theorems in proper Banach spaces. Additionally, existence and continuation theorems are given, ensuring global existence.


Recent research carried out in CRES has produced a data-based modelling approach to the adaptive forecasting of river flow or levels using rainfall or upstream flow inputs as leading indicators. This approach, which is based on the estimation of a general transfer function model from historical data, has significant advantages over existing flood forecasting methods: for example, on-line adjustments to the model are made automatically using a sophisticated but fairly simple adaptive parameter estimation technique which updates the model in real time, so producing improved forecasts for systems that exhibit time varying characteristics. Also, estimation of this adaptive parameter also allows probabilistic forecasts to be produced, in contrast to the deterministic forecasts of more conventional systems. In the case of rainfall-runoff forecasting, the transfer function model subsumes other less general models such as the commonly used Input-Storage-Output (ISO) model.


In Part I the kinetic theory of excitations in flowing liquid He II
is developed to a higher order than that carried out previously, by
Landau and Khalatnikov, in order to demonstrate the existence of
non-equilibrium terms of a new nature in the hydrodynamic equations.
It is then shown that these terms can lead to spontaneous destabilization
in counter currents when the relative velocity of the normal
and super fluids exceeds a critical value that depends on the temperature,
but not on geometry. There are no adjustable parameters
in the theory. The critical velocities are estimated to be in the
14-20 m/sec range for T ≤ 2.0° K, but tend to zero as T → T_λ. The
possibility that these critical velocities may be related to the experimentally observed "intrinsic" critical velocities is discussed. Part II consists of a semi-classical investigation of rotonquantized
vortex line interactions. An essentially classical model
is used for the collision and the behavior of the roton in the vortex
field is investigated in detail. From this model it is possible to
derive the HVBK mutual friction terms that appear in the phenomenalogical
equations of motion for rotating liquid He II. Estimates of
the Hall and Vinen B and B' coefficients are in good agreement with
experiments. The claim is made that the theory does not contain
any arbitrary adjustable parameters.


Crawling wave sonoelastography enables the measurement of viscoelastic properties of soft tissue. Recently, the dominant component analysis AM-FM method was proposed for modeling non-stationary patterns in crawling wave sonoelastography to locally estimate their shear wave speed. Although evaluations show consistent results for homogeneous and inhomogeneous phantoms, high noise levels and few available data samples do not allow a rigorous spectral analysis by using a filterbank. We propose a novel method to isolate AM-FM components based on the null space pursuit algorithm that alleviates such limitations. Preliminary results for the proposed method for homogeneous and inhomogeneous phantoms, and a comparison to alternative methods are presented.


Soils representing six great groups were collected from 11 states and Puerto Rico. These soils were selected to provide a broad range in characteristics normally associated with phosphorus adsorption. Regression analysis indicated that aluminum and organic matter in the soil are primarily responsible for phosphorus adsorption. The pH 4.8 NH4OAc extractable aluminum and HCl-NaOH extractable aluminum were particularly useful in accounting for phosphorus adsorption. From the data obtained, it appears that iron probably occupies a secondary role in phosphorus adsorption by soil, becoming important only in local regions where aluminum and/or organic matter content is relatively constant.


Differential cross sections for the reactions /sup 56/Fe(p,p) and /sup 56/Fe(p,p') were measured at 5 angles from E/sub P/ = 3.1 to 4.0 MeV with an overall energy resolution of 425-- 450 eV, full width at half maximum. Over 340 resonances were observed, half of which were d-wave levels. Angular distributions of deexcitation ..gamma.. rays were measured for the stronger l = 2 resonances and a few p-wave resonances to aid in assigning spins. Excitation functions were analyzed with a multilevel, multichannel R-matrix formalism. Analogs of the fourteenth (5/2/sup -/) and seventeenth through twentieth (9/2/sup +/, 5/2/sup +/, 3/2/sup -/, 1/2/sup -/) excited states of /sup 57/Fe were identified. Coulomb energies, fine structure parameters, and spectroscopic factors for these analogs are given. Proton strength functions are presented, and level densities are compared with semiempirical predictions.


Within a history of nearly 100 years,the years from the foundation of FuZhong Coal Mining School in 1915 to its name changing into FuZhong Coal Mining Specialist School in 1919 was a turning point for Henan Polytechnic University in the course of its development.The former was established by the British Syndicate Co.Ltd.,the latter was set up by the joint venture of the British Syndicate Co.Ltd.and the Henan Central Plains Company,its location was moved from Kaifeng the capital city of Henan Province to Jiaozuo,a city close to a mining area and the Daokou-Qinghua railroad.The school level was lifted from a preparatory school to a specialist school.Meanwhile,a group of talents grew up,some of them became the principal figures in Modern Chinese history.


Abstract : Magnetization measurenments on superconducting bulk samples and large radius cylinders had resulted in the Phenomenological London's theory that is found to be violated in recent magnetization measurements in supereonducting mesoscopic discs that exhibit a non-linear Meissner effect. In this work we show that the Ginzburg-Landau (OL) eqn. can explain this non-linear Meissner effect both in quality and quantity.


This paper provides an overview and survey of selected literature on two economic topics that have recently been subject to much academic debate. First, the effects of demographic change on financial markets and secondly, the role of financial intermediaries in promoting economic growth. This paper also provides a brief survey of the literature on pension reform and its implications on promoting "financial depth" and subsequent growth. Pension reform may constitute a direct link from demography to economic growth through the mechanism of financial intermediaries.


The thickness dependence of the Berreman effect for naturally grown oxide films on chrome is analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The shift of the spectral position of the Berreman minimum can be described by the Fuchs–Kliewer theory of virtual modes. Both the absorption and the shift of the position can be used for thickness determination. The experimental results compared with calculated values based on different optical constants for Cr2O3 indicate their influence on the position and the absorption of the Berreeman minimum.


This chapter calls for an approach to economic policy that takes evolutionary and complex systems theories into account. Such an approach alters the way that economic policy is framed and how policy co-depends on understanding markets as outcomes of nonmarket interactions, incomplete information, path dependency, and coordination failures. Using several illustrative examples, the chapter explores the application of evolutionary and complexity thinking to policy criteria, goals, instruments, and policy assessment. These examples—the transition to a low carbon economy, using multilevel selection to inform group design in various human organizations, policy making as shaping and creating markets, government failures in Greek farm policy, and protecting the Sudd Wetland in South Sudan—are used to identify key issues for an evolutionary and complexity approach to public policy.


The exploration of the keel of the Campbell Ice Tongue, carried out by Romeo, the ROV prototype developed by CNR-IAN for scientific applications and robotics research, in the course of the XIII Italian Expedition to Antarctica is reported in this paper. This mission enabled the first direct measurement of the ice tongue depth and revealed echo-sounders' multi-path phenomena, which constitute an exemplary case of sensing ambiguities, which supervisory systems for unmanned underwater vehicles are required to be able to manage.


The photoelectric characteristics of conducting polymer MEH-PPV thin film were studied using contact potential difference (CPD) method. The energy gap and the surface work function (SWF) of MEH-PPV thin film were determined as 2.1 eV and 4.7-4.8 eV, respectively; and the p-type conducting characteristic of film was determined, too. Meanwhile the influence of different coating solvents on photoelectric characteristic of thin film was investigated, and the result indicates that the SWF of film coated from tetrahydrofuran (THF) is 0.15 eV lower than that from chlorobenzne (CB) solution.


Color gamut mapping has been recognized as one of the key elements for accurate image reproduction. A variety of gamut mapping algorithms (GMAs) has been proposed to minimize the image differences between originals and their reproductions across different media. However, the use of a single-GMA is normally unable to fulfill all types of image reproductions. Therefore, we doubt if it's a right way to further improve the performance of a single algorithm while increasing its complexity. In this study, we propose an optimal multi-GMAs approach based on image analysis to select an appropriate GMA from a range of LUT-type GMAs to give the image the best treatment at low-computational cost. Because there are too many image statistics can be extracted from an image, the present study introduces methods to select the principal statistics for the GMA selection. To save the cost for real-time image analysis, the importance of scanning patterns and image compression was investigated as well. The results suggested that the performance of the above applications would be enhanced to a certain level if we choose appropriate image statistics for calculation.


We report on a medium deep XMM-Newton survey of the Marano Field and optical follow-up observations. The mosaicked XMM-Newton pointings in this optical quasar survey field cover 0.6 deg 2 with a total of 120 ks good observation time. We detected 328 X-ray sources in total. The turnover flux of our sample is $f_{\rm{X}}\sim 5 \times 10^{-15}$ erg cm -2  s -1 in the 0.2-10 keV band. With VLT FORS1 and FORS2 spectroscopy we classified 96 new X-ray counterparts.
The central 0.28 deg 2 , where detailed optical follow-up observations were performed, contain 170 X-ray sources (detection likelihood $ML>10$), out of which 48 had already been detected by ROSAT. In this region we recover 23 out of 29 optically selected quasars. With a total of 110 classifications in our core sample we reach a completeness of ~65%. About one-third of the XMM-Newton sources are classified as type II AGN with redshifts mostly below 1.0. Furthermore, we detect five high redshift type II AGN ($2.2\le z\le2.8$).
We show that the true redshift distribution of type II AGN remains uncertain, since their lack of emission lines in a wide optical wavelength range hampers their identification in the redshift range $1<z<2$. The optical and X-ray colours of the core sample indicate that most of the still unidentified X-ray sources are likely to be type II AGN. We calculate absorbing column densities and show that the ratio of absorbed to unabsorbed objects is significantly higher for type II AGN than for type I AGN. Nevertheless, we find a few unabsorbed type II AGN. The X-ray hardness ratios of some high redshift type I AGN also give an indication of heavy absorption. However, none of these type I objects is bright enough for spectral extraction and detailed model fitting. Types I and II AGN cover the same range in intrinsic X-ray luminosity, ($10^{43}\le L_{\rm{X}} \le 10^{46}$), although type II AGN have a lower median intrinsic X-ray luminosity (log $L_{\rm{X}} \sim 44.0$) compared to type I AGN (log $L_{\rm{X}} \sim 44.4$).
Furthermore, we classified three X-ray bright optically normal galaxies (XBONGs) as counterparts. They show properties similar to type II AGN, probably harbouring an active nucleus.


Cadmium (Cd) is an important environment pollutant having carcinogenic properties. This heavy metal poses serious threats to the animals and human beings. From the environment it enters into the animals and human bodies and destroyed the basic organs of the body including lungs, pancreas, testis, liver and kidney. Liver is the basic primary organs involved in the elimination of toxic effects and removal of wastes from the body. This organ is more prone to the adverse effects of this metal than any other organ. Cd causes oxidative stress and apoptosis which eventually lead to hepatocellular dysfunction. The review is to highlight the current data available regarding the Cd induced cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in apoptosis, necrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.


The southwest Karst area has very unique natural condition and humanity environment,which have become restrictions to peasant to increase the rigid resistance of receipt.And besides the current policy for this area has a ather small influence on peasants considering the local characteristics.The paper proposes to make flexible policies in line with the peasants′ demand for income increase.


Abstracf - The application of Maxwell equations for the analysis of spectrum modes in the heterogeneous structures has been investigated. Existence of an addition spectrum of own frequencies has been considered. At computation of own frequencies of heterogeneous resonators they usually come from problem of the own values for the differential equation of the second order or from operator spectrum problem in the suitable Hilbert space. In the one - dimension case for the transversal electromagnetic waves this problem turns into Sturm Liouville problem [1,2]. Thus, fundamental change of spectrum because of dependence on permeability of the dielectric filling a resonator from coordinates is not assumed [3]. The simple analysis of physical parameters of spectral problem selects the known correlation: determining resonance modes in the system with the characteristic size L at some value of relative dielectric permeability & for the electromagnetic wave with length /z in the free space. For the heterogeneous dielectric an additional measuring physical parameter appears as:


We calculate various categories of equivariant sheaves on the Beilinson-Drinfeld Grassmannian in Langlands dual terms. For one, we obtain the factorizable derived geometric Satake theorem. More generally, we calculate the categorical analogue of unramified vectors in the Jacquet module of sheaves on the Grassmannian. In all cases, our spectral categories involve factorization modules for factorization algebras related to the Langlands dual group.


The article considers the peculiarities of responsibility of accomplices for voluntary abandonment to commit a crime and the incompleted crime. The institution of complicity is the most complicated and discussable one both in theory of Criminal Law and in court practice. The authors concluded that voluntary abandonment to commit a crime on the part of accomplices is not possible at the stage of the completed or incompleted attempt, and offered to abandon the use of the phrase «voluntary abandonment to commit a crime during the attempt» in theory of Criminal Law. The authors believe that the wording does not reflect the essence of the phenomenon. They also raised the position for calculation terms of punishment for crimes committed in complicity provided by Articles 277, 295, 317, 357 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The article contains a number of conclusions of practical interest.


Electric current's effect on material mechanical properties has been of interest since it can lessen the mechanical energy associated with deforming/working a material. The objective of this work is to have a representative model of the thermal/structural effects of electricity on a tensile specimen so that the simple effect of temperature can be separated from any mechanical material property changes due to the electric current. The finite element models in this study were generated and their results were compared to experimental data obtained from a representative tensile test. Comparison with the experimental results on material engineering stress-strain curves and transient temperature profiles offers assurance for the further use of FEA as a significant tool in understanding the electrical effects on material properties. A multi-field large deformation finite element model for a cylindrical tensile bar of 6061-T6511 aluminum is developed to evaluate the distribution of temperature within the specimen. The model also evaluates the stress-strain characteristics of the material while the specimen is carrying a large DC current and being deformed. The simulation results are compared to surface infrared temperature measurements in order to verify the FE model first and then to attain more qualitative and possibly quantitative insight into the effects of electric field.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


The service-dominant logic in the context of public services has only previously been studied empirically to a very limited degree. The purpose of this article is to provide knowledge of what the theory of service-dominant logic makes visible in public service practice. The empirical material is case concerning a new public service organisation – a service centre. The professionals' own experiences of how they perform their day-to-day work constitutes the material, which has been gathered in via interviews and focus group interviews. The result shows that the service dominant perspective makes visible: (1) the poor exchange of resources between service systems internally and externally: (2) that deeper knowledge of what is value-creating in different types of services is not made possible in professional day-to-day work: (3) that the approach whereby the organisation offers solutions and the service user receives these retains quantitative and measurable data during follow-up. In implementing the public service-dominant perspective, professional relationships are of crucial significance, thus needing management and co-workership to be in focus. (Less)


I have been teaching qualitative research in education at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem for some years now. I have a sense that dealing with the issues of research methodology is of importance if we do indeed consider anthropology and qualitative methods to have something to contribute to improve the world in which we live.

I write this rather short note out of a commitment to empirical research in the social sciences, emphasizing that which is observed and experienced, and recognizing the complexity of studying that which is human. I reflect on my experience as a learner looking for ways to understand educational practice through methods able to capture its complexity. I then reflect on my experience as a teacher of anthropology and education, and consider the problems I encounter when trying to share my trade with my students. I hint at the potential connection between the political organizations within which we evolve and the paradigmtic perspectives which seem to become an obstacle in overcoming traditional empirical perspectives in the social sciences in general and in education in particular. Last, I consider multiple literacies as tools which might help us realize the problems mentioned and emphasize that these do not belong only in the world outside but also inside our immediate academic settings.


Ionomers are generally described by copolymers having either acrylic or methacylic acid as one component and the other component is mostly either ethylene or styrene. The objective of this research was to study the thermal behaviour and stability of ionomers of styrene with some alkali metal acrylates. These materials have been synthesized by neutralization of the respective copolymer containing 40 mole percent acrylic acid with sodium and potassium hydroxides in acetone medium.The copolymer of styrene–acrylic acid was made by solution polymerization in methanol using 2,2'-azobisbutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator under nitrogen blanket at 60 oC. Copolymer composition was calculated from the monomer feed concentration. The ionomer samples were characterized using FTIR technique. Thermal behaviour of the ionomers has been studied under programmed heating in dynamic nitrogen atmosphere by using differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetry (TG) and in vacuo using thermal volatilization analysis (TVA) techniques supported by product analysis. The thermal behaviour of the sodium and potassium salts of styrene-acrylic acid copolymer is found to be rather similar. Infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and GC-MS techniques were used to examine the degradation products from TVA degradation. Quantitative measurements of the main product fractions under normal TVA conditions have been made. It is found that the main decomposition of the styrene-acrylic acid salts copolymers starts at about 350 oC and reaches maximum at 450 oC.


Toll like receptor 4 gene is associated with resistance against infectious diseases in bovines. It plays an important role in the recognition of mycobacterial antigens [1] mediating cytokine production and stimulation of host defence mechanism [2]. Present study was conducted in Deoni (20) and Holstein Friesian (80) crossbred cattle with the aim of identification of genetic polymorphism by using Alu I PCR-RFLP technique in exon 3.3 of TLR 4 gene. The entire TLR 4 exon 3 sequence was amplified using primer sets. In the studied population, digestion of amplified product with Alu I restriction enzyme exhibited two alleles viz., A and B and three genotypes AA, AB and BB respectively. In this study Deoni cattle, on allele A (0.55) was predominant over allele B (0.45) but in case of HF crossbred cattle frequency of B (0.61) allele was higher than A allele (0.39). In Deoni cattle, genotypes frequency of heterozygote AB (0.7) was found more than both homozygotes AA (0.2) and BB (0.1), whereas in HF crossbreds, the overall frequency of homozygotes AA (0.16) and BB (0.39) observed were lower than the heterozygote AB (0.45). The PCR amplified product of 511 bp from representative samples was sequenced and the sequencing results were further analysed by Clustal W alignment software which revealed the transition of thymine to cytosine at position of 9423 in BB genotype in both the breeds. The influence of bovine TLR 4 gene exon 3.3 allelic variations on somatic cell count showed significant effect (p<0.05) in both Deoni (Bos indicus) and HF crossbred cows which revealed significantly higher somatic cell count in cows with AA genotype as compared to BB genotype. Chisquare test revealed that the both Deoni and HF crossbred were under HW equilibrium and are stable.


Objectives: To investigate the effect of telmisartan combined with rosuvastatin on the brain matter lesions (WMLs) in elderly patients with hypertension. Methods: Three hundred and twenty-nine elderly subjects with mild to moderate essential hypertension selected from October 2011 to October 2012 in Jinan area. They were randomly divided into control group (n = 167)and combined group (n = 162). They were treated with telmisartan 40 mg/d and the combined treatment group was added rosuvastatin calcium 10 mg/d. The brain MRI was adopted to evaluate the white matter hyperintensities (WMH) level, periventricular white matter hyperintensities (PWMH) level and deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMH) level. Results: Compared with the baseline, the total WMH, PWMH and DWMH were significantly higher in the third and fifth yearsof the control group [(9.34 ± 2.28)ml, (12.19 ± 2.61)ml, vs (6.21 ± 2.19)ml, p < 0.05; (6.70 ± 2.01)ml, (8.63 ± 2.21)ml vs (4.54 ± 1.92)ml, p < 0.05; (2.63 ± 0.80)ml, (3.56 ± 0.94)ml vs (1.66 ± 0.73)ml,p < 0.05];the total WMH, PWMH and DWMH were significantly higher in the third and fifth years of the combined group [(8.65 ± 1.78)ml, (10.25 ± 2.02)ml, vs (6.42 ± 1.90)ml, p < 0.05; (6.27 ± 1.64)ml, (7.38 ± 1.78)ml vs 4.71 ± 1.72)ml, p < 0.05; (2.37 ± 0.70)ml, (2.87 ± 0.80)ml vs (1.71 ± 0.65)ml, p < 0.05]. The change trend of the growth rate of the third and fifth year in the combined group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Telmisartan combined with rosuvastatin calcium can smooth down blood pressure, effectively adjust lipid, and delay the progression of WMLs.


Background: Professional burnout is defined as a state of depletion and loss of motivation accompanied by different mental and physical symptoms. Objective: To assess personal losses suffered by correctional officers due to burnout. Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted between June and December 2012 included 201 correctional officers in two Bulgarian prisons. The mean age of the whole group was 41.2 (SD 8.0) years. The respondents was mostly male (56.7%), married (72.6%), had a secondary educational level (61.7%), and 76.1% of them had been in current prison work over 5 years. Results: The demographic characteristics had no influence on the occurrence of burnout but there was a correlation between level of burnout and the number of sick-leaves, the need for medical help, and the expenses spent on medications. Officers affected by burnout took more sick-leaves and this affected adversely their remuneration as they lost 3.1% of their annual wages. Their expenses spent on user fees for medical services were 3 times higher. Their monthly expenses spent on medications were 3.14 times higher than those of people without the burnout syndrome. Conclusion: The high level of burnout has a negative personal economic effect on the prison employees.


In this paper we define some operations in graphs and determine their Adjacency spectra. Here we define three products of graphs namely second duplication product (SDP), second subdivision product (SSP) and second subdivision edge product (SSEP) of graphs and determine their adjacency and Laplacian spectrum. Also we discuss some applications like the number of spanning tree, the Kirchhoff index and Laplace energy like invariant of such product of graphs. AMS subject classification: 05C50.