Noise levels measured at points near tunnel portals of Shinkansen include both the ordinary wayside noise and that radiating from the tunnel portal, subsequently referred to as "tunnel portal noise," making them generally higher than elsewhere. To effectively reduce the noise level at such locations, therefore, it is necessary to understand the contributions of both noise components. However, a study on the railway tunnel portal noise has yet to be carried out and no prediction or mitigation method has been proposed. In the field of road traffic noise, on the other hand, a prediction model of tunnel portal noise was proposed1), which was adopted in a newly developed prediction model of road traffic noise proposed by the Acoustical Society of Japan (ASJ RTN-Model 2003)2). This paper describes the prediction model of the road traffic tunnel portal noise, subsequently referred to as "Model A," and applies it to Shinkansen noise. In Chapter 2, the principles of Model A are explained. In Chapter 3, the method used to apply Model A to Shinkansen noise is shown and case studies, carried out to compare the measured values with prediction, detailed. Furthermore, some modifications are made to improve the validity of Model A. In Chapter 4, higher sound barriers near a tunnel portal and the installation of sound-absorbing materials on tunnel inner walls are proposed as countermeasures and their effects are estimated on the basis of the modified Model A.


Hospital and health care systems often involve complicated corporate structures with both exempt and for-profit entities. Restructuring such groups is a common area in which private letter rulings are sought. This article examines PLR 200132039 (5/15/2001), in which several hospital systems decided to combine a number of their administrative and financial functions into a single corporation, leaving only limited authority with their previous support organizations. The support organizations were left in place primarily to handle community-based operations. The ruling indicates that the IRS is, at present, relatively open to restructurings of health care systems as long as the functions concentrated in administrative reorganizations fit broadly within the list of IRC Section 501(e)(1)(A).


An intercomparison study is carried out between two models with different formulations and spatial discretizations in order to overcome the limitations posed by the standard calibration and validation procedures and improve confidence in the hydrodynamic results for the Patos Lagoon. Numerical simulations were carried out applying the TELEMAC and MOHID models, based on the same boundary conditions and identical calibration coefficients so differences in calculated flow conditions result from the formulations and parameterizations of each model. Results from both models are compared with measurements from three stations inside the lagoon. Preliminary results indicate that both models compare well with the measurements and with each other. These results increase the confidence on hydrodynamic results for the Patos Lagoon and provide the first step towards water quality studies for the area.


Abstract Induction motor has increased its importance in industry over the last two decades thanks to its robustness and control performance improvement. Direct Torque Control (DTC) has been the base for multiple developments or modifications in control algorithms and models obtaining great performances against torque variations at any motor speed (including zero speed). In this paper DTC scheme has been chosen as the starting point to design a fault tolerant control for induction motors. Also, a study of the possible faults and solutions in the inverter-motor set is presented. The control algorithms used for open-switch and open-phase faults are developed and their results are presented. The supervisor and fault diagnosis system has not been included in this work though they have been taken into account during the research process.


Desquamative gingivitis is described as an erythematous, desquamated or eroded gingival lesion. Various etiologic factors are present for the appearance of such lesions. Despite of considering etiology, treatment is oftenly provided by systemic or topical corticosteroids. Apart from steroid application, another optionable treatment is antioxidant therapy which provides rapid healing of the tissue. As antioxidants posses various advantageous properties, it can be considered as a first treatment option for desquamative gingivitis. The presented case report of desquamative gingivitis is successfully treated using systemic antioxidants in the form of commercially available "oxitard capsule".


VII method, where the lead lag filter is designed using continuous techniques and verified by digitizing the controller and measuring the system response. The designed controller that combines a lead lag feedback with a demand feed forward is suitable to control the actuator torque of the electromechanical active roll control system. This design method leads to a satisfying controller performance with a -3dB bandwidth up to 30 Hz which is much higher than the natural frequency of the roll eigenmode of the vehicle. The controller can therefore not only control the body roll, but also provides the possibility to decouple the stabiliser halves up to this frequency which will improve passenger comfort. A Matlab VeDYNA full vehicle simulation is used to analyse the system power consumption. To estimate the power consumption during different driving situations, the full vehicle model is used to simulate steady state cornering, a double step steer manoeuvre and straight ahead driving on a realistic road surface. The general conclusion about the eARC power consumption is that it requires a powerful electronic circuit capable of delivering a high peak power but the average power consumption and the impact on the fuel consumption are small since a large part of the energy can be recovered by the electric motor acting as a generator. The power consumption appears to be highly dependent on the road quality and the driving situation. The power consumption during straight ahead driving is investigated by using two different road data inputs representing test tracks of the Lommel Proving Ground. The simulated peak power consumption is less than 50 W on the test track 'Road 10' with a road quality comparable with a Belgian highway. A comparable simulation on 'Gelderhorsten', a very rough track with large bumps, leads to a peak power consumption of 0,7 kW. The average power consumption without compensation is only 1,5 W on Road 10 and -8 W on Gelderhorsten, which indicates a power regeneration. The highest peak power consumption is found during a double step steer manoeuvre and is 1,3 kW for a very short time interval. If the compensation mechanism is properly matched to the vehicle characteristics, the maximal power consumption during steady state cornering is 60 W at 7,5 m/s lateral acceleration. This value is very low because this simulation is carried out on a perfect flat road.


The paper notes that for the successful digital socialization of adolescents, it is necessary to develop intellectual abilities and form critical thinking. The purpose of the research is to study the relationship between digital competence and intellectual abilities of adolescents. As a methodological tool, we used: the "digital competence index" method, the "progressive matrices" test by D. Raven, the TSI subtests of "the structure of intelligence test" by R. Amthauer, the critical thinking test, the S. Frederick's cognitive reflection test (CRT), the diagnostic technique Emotional Intelligence (EQ) by N. Hall and S. Epstein's Intuitive Style Questionnaire (REI). On a sample of 105 adolescents (mean age 14.8 years; SD = 1.22; 76 % female), various significant relationships were found between the components of information competence, suggesting the success of activities ("knowledge" and "skill") on the one hand and scales of verbal, non-verbal and mathematical intelligence, critical thinking, cognitive reflection and emotional intelligence, on the other hand. Digital competence is statistically more significantly associated with the verbal type of intellectual abilities, as opposed to mathematical and non-verbal intelligence. An analysis of the correlations between intellectual abilities and areas of digital competence has shown that the closest links are found in the sphere of consumption of goods and services across the Internet and work with content on the network. The special role of emotional intelligence and cognitive reflection as important cognitive foundations of digital competence is discussed. Thus, the results of the study make it possible to overcome the lack of empirical evidence of the relationship between digital competence and intelligence, focusing on individual components of digital competence that are most associated with intelligence, and on individual intellectual abilities of adolescents that are most associated with successful digital socialization.


Diabetic foot (DF) is one of the main complications responsible for the significant deterioration of the quality of life in diabetic patients, particularly, in developing countries. In Peru, 18.9% of diabetic inpatients present DF and 61% develop a foot sepsis. Therefore, the burden of DF is considerable in the country. In this work, we summarize the current scientific evidence of DF in the Peruvian population describing its epidemiology, risk factors, increase of time of hospitalization, bacterial resistance, rate of amputations, and the theoretical medical costs for disease management. According to the reviewed literature, we suggest that more local research should be conducted to better understand the impact of the DF on the Peruvian population.


Dielectric charging/discharging in the real-life electrostatic microelectromechanical system device is proposed to be evaluated by the capacitance-voltage response for an analogous metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structure. An analytical model based on this approach has been established. In the experiment, the relaxation behaviors of trapped charges in silicon nitride of MIS structure have been systematically investigated. For both positive and negative dc bias polarities, fast and slow discharge stages were clearly observed in the early and late charge relaxation processes, respectively. The discharge ratio (DR) was found to depend on both the bias polarity and magnitude. It was shown that negative dc bias would cause a high hole injection level but low DR, whereas positive dc bias would lead to a low electron injection level but high DR. Moreover, the DR will increase with the dc bias voltage. It was further found that the hole relaxation reaches the steady state faster than the electron relaxation. To explain the experimental results, we pointed out that the traps close to the interface play an important role in dielectric charging and discharging process.


Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is used in various industrial applications because of its desirable physical and chemical properties. PTFE is chemically inert under most conditions, which means that there are few suitable microfabrication techniques available, and these are top-down processes. We report the fabrication of microstructures at desired spots on the PTFE surface using a 3 MeV focused proton microbeam with no patterning masks. The beam size on the surface was about 1 μm, and the surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy. When the 100-μm-thick PTFE sample was circularly scanned, the irradiated areas expanded and were raised above the original surface level. When the thickness of the PTFE was increased, the edge of the structure became rough. Spiral scanning from the center of the circle in the 500-μm-thick sample formed a 250-μm-tall cone. These microstructures were created by the volume expansion along the ion trajectories in the PTFE. The structures were formed through a bottom-up process and were dependent on the proton beam and the sample thickness.


It is proposed to use a modernized "wet" vortex dust collector for cleaning ventilation emissions from non-adhering dust. The design of the vortex dust collector contributes to its effi ciency by installing irrigation nozzles in the primary and secondary air connections made in the form of a Venturi tube, which allows reducing energy consumption during the cleaning of dusty air. Due to the multidirectional movement of dust particles and splashed water, active coagulation of dust particles and water particles occurs, as well as a liquid fi lm is formed on the inner surface of the separation chamber, which prevents the dust particles from rebounding from the separation chamber and facilitates their collection and washing into a collecting bin.


In this paper, we show that there are infinitely many Sierpinski numbers in the se- quence of triangular numbers, hexagonal numbers, and pentagonal numbers. We also show that there are infinitely many Riesel numbers in the same sequences. Further- more, we show that there are infinitely many n-gonal numbers that are simultaneously Sierpinski and Riesel.


The genesis of the Ring project The outline of the drama that was to become Der Ring des Nibelungen , namely "Der Nibelungen-Mythus: Als Entwurf zu einem Drama," dates from October 1848, the same year as the "Plan for the Organization of a German National Theater for the Kingdom of Saxony," Wagner's radical proposal to establish an association of dramatists and composers along with a drama school and expanded court orchestra. That manifesto for theatrical reform naturally reflected Wagner's sociopolitical outlook of the period, hostile as it was to the status quo presided over by the aristocracy. The same preoccupation with nationhood and freedom also informed the contemporary reception of Greek drama, especially as mediated by the leading translator and commentator Johann Gustav Droysen. The essays of the revolutionary period elaborate the emergent concept of the Wagnerian music drama in greater detail. Art and Revolution (1849) celebrates the Greek drama with its integration of all the arts, contrasting it with the vacuous, mercenary theater of the modern age. The Artwork of the Future (also 1849) develops this theme, proposing a Gesamtkunstwerk , or "total work of art," that would unite dance, music, and poetry in a new kind of theater designed solely according to aesthetic and artistic criteria, no longer for commercial gain or social ostentation. And finally, Opera and Drama (1850–51), after offering a critique of the genres of modern opera and analyzing the nature and history of theater, attempts to illuminate the linguistic, dramatic, and musical ingredients of the proposed Gesamtkunstwerk .


[1] In this paper, we discuss the effects of magnetospheric activity (as measured by Kp) on an ion distribution function signature of nonlinear particle dynamics in current sheet-like magnetic fields. The signature manifests itself as a series of peaks in the ion distribution function whose separation depends on the fourth root of the energy and parameters that describe the current sheet structure. We have found that the signature is evident in Geotail CPI data for Kp ≤ 3+ and that the larger the value of Kp, the closer the peaks are together. We have also used the energy resonance signature in conjunction with measurements of the magnetic field to determine a lower bound on the current sheet thickness and have found that this lower bound decreases for increasing levels of magnetospheric activity. For values of Kp > 4−, there are frequently peaks in the ion distribution function; however, their separations do not follow a simple rule.


Daily observation data on river flow and sediment charges at Lijin hydrological station during 1950—2006,and fixed cross-section measurement data between Lijin and Qing 7from 1976to 2006were employed to address the erosion/deposition pattern of the mouth channels of the Huanghe River and its relationship with water and sediment inputs since the Qingshuigou course was established.Results show that since then the incoming flow and sediment charges have remained in a lower level,with more sediment discharge concentrated in flooding season.Meantime,the accumulative dopositional amount in the main channel between Lijin and Qing 7comes up to 3.15×108 m3,of which 1.11×108 m3 occur in flood season and 2.03×108 m3 in dry season,and most sediment load deposit in the reach between CS7and Qing 7.The scour and fill process of the mouth channel is roughly experienced four stages,i.e.strong fill in flood season and slight adjustment in dry season(1976—1979),strong scour in flood season and strong fill in dry season(1981—1985),continuous fill in whole year(1986—1996),and scour in flood season and fill in dry season(1996—2006).There are two-year cycle of memory effects.Sediment amount of scour or fill in the mouth channel partially exhibited linear and/or rank correlation with runoff,sediment discharge and incoming sediment coefficient.However,water and sediment flux and water/sediment coefficients are not the major determinating foctor of the scour/fill pattern at the main channel.Flow and sedimentation process,riverbed boundary conditions and human activities play vital roles in scouring and filling process of the mouth channels.


The bimolecuiar rate constant for the reaction of SD 3562 (α‐isomer of 3‐(dimethoxyphos‐phinyloxy)‐N,N‐dirnethylcrotonamide) with fly head Cholinesterase (ChE) was determined as 2.024 × 104 liters mole−1min.−1; and for TEPP (tetraethylpyrophosphate) as 1.022 × 108 liters mole−1min.−1. Bimolecuiar rate constants for 11 other organophosphorus inhibitors of fly head ChE are cited from the literature. When similar indices are available for a greater variety of inhibitors, it should be possible to assess the relationship between chemical structure and inhibitory potency and to make useful deductions as to the configuration and properties of the enzyme.


In this paper, A bilinear stiffness model of the material of the super-structure is taken as a restoring force, and a lumped parameter model is used to simulate the viscoelastic halfspace. The average method is used to study the primary resonance of the soil-nonlinear structure interaction system. A steady-state solution of the primary resonance is obtained and the stability of the solution is discussed. Then the bifurcate equation and bifurcate diagram are gained. In different physical parameters the dynamic behaviors of the system are analysed. Some conclusions are drawn through the analyses of numerical examples.


Chromate ions CrO4 −2 have been used in three simples, rapid, an accurate spectrophotometric method. These methods were suggested to estimate mefenamic acid in its pure form and pharmaceutical preparations. These methods were different from each other with reactants components, and they are similar as, indirect methods and depends on oxidation – reduction reaction. So that, Method 1, based on oxidation reduction reaction between mefenamic acid and chromate ion in presence of acidic medium and sodium oxalate to form a water soluble, and stable pinkish-violet colored complex with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide as a reagent which was measured at λmax 545 nm. Method 2 depends on oxidizing mefenamic acid with chromate ions in presence of sodium oxalate as a catalyst agent and acidic medium to form with indigo carmine λmax at 610 nm. water soluble and stable blue complex. Finally, method 3 based on the reaction between mefenamic acid and chromate ion in presence of sodium oxalate and acidic medium to form with chrome azurol S a red complex measured λmax at 512 nm. These three methods have been followed Beer's law at (2-40,1.2-40 and 2-36) μg/mL methods 1,2 and 3 respectively, while molar absorptivity and Sandall's sensitivity 0.84×104, 0.54×104 and 1.08×104 1.mol−1.cm−1 and 0.0287, 0.0446 and 0.0223 μg.cm−2 for methods 1,2 and 3 respectively. The suggested methods were applied successfully to determination of mefenamic acid in pharmaceutical formulation with good recoveries.


[Objiective] To investigate nuclide-myocardial imaging evaluating effect of bone marrow stem cell transplant treating acute myocardial infraction(AMI).[Methods] 48 cases of AMI patients were randomly divided into survey group and control group,they all received emergency treatmengt of percutaneous coronary artery intervention and medicine.In survey group,bone marrow stem cell transplant(MSCS) was added.Heart function and myocardial infarction(MI) areas improvement status in two groups were observed by nuclide myocardial imaging in pretherapy and post-treatment.[Results] In comparison to control group,heart function improved obviously and MI area diminished(P0.05).[Conclusion] Therapeutic effect of MSCS transplant treating AMI outweighs conventional therapy;nuclide myocardial imaging plays an important role in valuing therapeutic effect and prognosis of AMI patients before or after MSCS transplant.


In order to understand marine ecosystem responses to a range of habitat variability in coastal zones modified by glacial freshwater outflows, biophysical data were collected in three study regions that included four major glacial fjord systems around the Gulf of Alaska. Each of 172 discrete stations within the three study regions was sampled once during the peak ice-melt season in summer. A suite of geographic, oceanographic, nutrient and biological attributes was sampled at each station (see Arimitsu et al. 2008, Renner et al. 2012, Arimitsu et al. 2016 for details). This dataset includes station information, including date, time, location, distance variables that were derived in a geographic information software, and zooplankton abundance indices.


The close resemblance between hemolytic streptococci of human and bovine origin has led to extensive studies of these organisms. Hemolytic streptococci are commonly found in the udders of cows and are therefore present in the milk from such animals. Since these streptococci are so similar to the human hemolytic types in cultural characteristics, varying practically only in the vigor of their growth, milk containing them has been looked on as a potential source of infection for human beings. The appearance of hemolytic colonies gives occasion for alarm to those familiar with the use of blood plates in connection with the examination of material from pathologic sources but unaccustomed to the plating of fresh milk on blood agar. However, those who have observed large numbers of samples of fresh milk plated on blood agar have been impressed with the fact that the hemolytic streptococci commonly found must be different from the human types. If such were not the case streptococcal infection from milk might be very widespread. Hemolytic streptococci from the udder of the cow are mentioned specially because there are types found in pasteurized milk which are somewhat hemolytic, but which because of their characteristics should not be confused with the hemolytic types of human origin. Such organisms have been studied by Salter.1 In recent years tests have been devised which have helped materially to separate the human and bovine hemolytic streptococci. On blood plates, both produce hemolytic zones about the colonies, but usually the zone of hemolysis is larger about the colonies of the human type. Careful measurement of their hemolytic activity in our laboratories has shown that the human type is approximately 100 times as active as the bovine streptococcus. This extreme difference is easily overlooked on plates, but the difference has been recognized by Brown,2


The present work, seeks through a rigorous research, both documentary and field, to clarify and recognize, the difference between the masculinities in 3 stages of the life of
an ex-combatant and with this information to be able to analyze How can the follow-up of these people be improved in the process of reintegration into civilian life? On the other hand, it is shown with a gender focus what it is to belong to an armed group, in this case The FARC-EP.


Pixel difference is a holistic change measure for ultrasound videos and other image sequences. It is based on Euclidean distance (l2 norm) which is calculated by interpreting each frame as a vector of pixels. Recently, we found that 3D/4D ultrasound data producesignificantly worse signal-to-noise ratio in Pixel Difference curves, which appears to be primarily due to the lower frame rate of 3D/4D ultrasound when compared with 2D ultrasound. We also found that the signal-to-noise ratio is improved when we limit the analysis to tongue-internal pixels. In this study, we seek to quantify the timing behavior of tongue gestures obtained from whole-image and tongue-internalPD. If the timing behavior is similar in both cases, we can increase the signal to noise ratio of 3D/4D ultrasound at the same time as we increase its frame rate, because imaging to a shallower depth requires less time per frame. We also examine the signal-to-noise behavior of PD curves calculated with other norms (e.g., l1, and l3 norms).


It is shown that the energy loss of multicharged ions in an electron gas has a strong dependence on target electronic screening and the occupation of projectile levels. In our calculations, an enhancement (or decrease) of the energy loss as it depends on the number of vacancies in the inner shells is found for L (or K) shells. Experiments on the charge state dependence of the energy loss of multicharged N ions scattered under grazing incidence condition off an Al(111) surface are explained consistently by our model. [S0031-9007(98)08368-9]


Abstract Intraspecific variation in herbivore fitness can generate populations locally adapted to different host species, or even individual plants. To test for occurrence of deme formation, local host species adaptation, and interspecific variation in host quality, we quantified survival and fecundity of pine needle scale, Chionaspis pinifoliae (Fitch), on red (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and Scots pine (P. sylvestris L.) in unmanipulated populations, as well as intra- and interspecific reciprocal host transfer experiments. Intraspecific transplants generated no evidence for deme formation on red or Scots pine as scale performance on natal and conspecific hosts did not differ, possibly because host uniformity and proximity may not have generated requisite environmental heterogeneity and genetic isolation. We did observe evidence for local adaptation to Scots, but not red pine. Survival of scales originating on Scots was 6 times higher on conspecific hosts relative to scales transferred from red to Scots pine; their fecundity was also higher, but the effect was not as strong. However, parental effects also contributed to this pattern, at least partially. In all experiments, Scots pine was a much better host than red pine, which is consistent with previous hypotheses that the long coevolutionary history between pine needle scale and red pine has selected for host defenses. These results add to previous studies that question the importance of deme selection in interactions between scales and trees, but do suggest that bottom-up effects contribute substantially to the variation in pine needle scale population dynamics frequently observed on different host species.


A radical rethinking of the role of conflicts in everyday life and in multi-actor decision-making processes - The idea on which this paper hinges is that a participatory 221 Territorio process in a complex society is an extraordinary opportunity for all the participants (citizens, members of public administrations, professionals, enterprises and associations of various types) to practice and learn (not in a school or university classroom, but in a real decision-making process) how to manage divergences with dialogue and to solve problems creatively and jointly. While the main result of this type of participatory process is therefore certainly an actual plan, it is to an even greater extent the formation of groups of active citizens who are able to face the systemic challenges of living together in a globalised world in a new and more adequate manner.


This study has been designed to represent gender disparity in different issues like adequacy of loan amount, rate of interest, formalities to take loan and consequence of microfinance in poverty alleviation. Both descriptive and inferential statistical tools have been used to test our research hypothesis. This study reveals that there is a significant perceptional difference between male and female respondents regarding adequacy of loan amount, rate of interest, formalities to take loan. Although female respondents have more positive attitude regarding adequacy of loan amount, rate of interest, formalities to take loan than that of men, they are less positive relating to poverty alleviation as a consequence of microfinance than that of male respondents.? The findings of this study urge that if the macro-economic policymakers don?t upgrade existing development policies, the socio-economic barriers of the women keep them behind in accruing and using microfinance to reduce their poverty.


The immature female instars of the fig wax scale, Ceroplastes rusci (L.), are redescribed and illustrated here with the aim of improving our knowledge on its morphology and phenology by the correct identification of the pest stages present on the host plant. A key to different instars is also provided. The biology of this species, which has recently increased in abundance in fig cultivation areas in Messinia (Greece), is briefly discussed.


The study developed optimum and a set of risk efficient livestock enterprise mix for smallholder farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 127 smallholder livestock farmers. A structured questionnaire complimented with interview schedule was used to obtain cross-sectional data from the farmers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, farm budgeting technique, LP (linear programming) and T-MOTAD (Target minimization of total absolute deviation) models. The LP result prescribed 0.25TLU of cattle/goat/sheep, 0.37TLU of broiler and 0.47TLU of broiler/layer for optimum gross margin in plan I; and 0.29TLU of cattle/goat/sheep, 0.37TLU of broiler and 0.47TLU of broiler/layer were prescribed in plan II under the limited resource condition. A set of feasible risk efficient farm plans I, II and III were obtained with the T-MOTAD model. The plan I prescribed 0.25TLU of cattle/goat/sheep, 0.37TLU of broiler and 0.47TLU of broiler/layer. Plan II prescribed 0.07TLU of cattle/goat/sheep, 0.28TLU of broiler and 0.79TLU of broiler/layer; and plan III prescribed 0.36TLU of cattle/goat/sheep, 0.05TLU of broiler, 0.48TLU of cockerel and 0.23TLU of broiler/layer. Gross margin increased from ₦218,170.75/TLU in the existing plan to ₦242,662.30/TLU and ₦247,676.00/TLU in optimum plans I and II, respectively, and to ₦242,670.60/TLU, ₦235,065.60/TLU and ₦222,897.90/TLU in risk efficient plans I, II and III, respectively. Gross margin was more sensitive to variation in the prices of output than other variables. Labour and capital were the major limiting resource across all the plans for the livestock enterprises. It was concluded that the livestock farmers had the potential to maximize gross margins per unit enterprise in the optimum and risk efficient farm plans as resources were not optimally allocated in the existing plan for livestock activities. Farmers should therefore adopt the prescribed optimum and risk efficient farm plans.


AC servo motors are used for care/welfare robots and small home robots. The surface permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) is usually used for AC servo motors. However, for a low-velocity and high-torque drive SPMSM are sometimes not suitable for smooth robot motion control. A hybrid-type stepping motor (HBSTM) is more suitable for such robot motion control because it has many pole pairs and drives at a lower velocity in comparison with SPMSM. Therefore, the acceleration control using disturbance observer for haptics should be applied to the HBSTM. However, the HBSTM has a high frequency periodic disturbance torque caused by cogging torque. When the HBSTM has the high frequency periodic disturbance torque, the cogging torque is not appropriately compensated by the phase lag, which occurs in the low pass filter (LPF) in the disturbance observer. Therefore, this paper proposes a new acceleration control method of AC servo motor considering cogging torque at low velocities for haptics. The proposed acceleration control is applied to the HBSTM. Moreover, this paper discusses a velocity calculation method for the low range of velocities.


This paper addresses the problem that the heavy-duty vehicles are more likely to suffer from rollover and drift over issues considering the steering actuator's fault. In order to isolate and estimate the faulty steering actuator, an integrated fault-tolerant control architecture is thus designed to cope with two types of actuators failure based on fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) and fault-tolerant (FT) control. Firstly, a fault isolation method based on plane projection theorem and an H-infinity fault estimator are designed to acquire the faulty signal and estimate the real-time fault coefficient. Then, considering the estimation error and uncertainty disturbance, an adaptive model predictive controller (MPC) is proposed to guarantee the controller's redundancy when the fault occurs on the actuators, while ensuring the rollover prevention and lateral stability. Finally, the proposed adaptive MPC architecture shows the effectiveness and superiority based on the simulation results in Matlab/CarSim full-vehicle model virtual experiment.


Photographic systems with a separate photographic change carriers capture in depth and on a surface of emulsion microcrystals (`core-shell') have a great importance for photographic technology (direct positive, infra-red films and etc.) and also for scientific investigation. We have precipitated AgBr(I) core microcrystals (with AgI content from 0 up to 6 mol.%), which then were subjected to chemical sensitization of various types (reduction, S, S+Au, Au). A sensitometric study of the covered by shell of various thickness and halide composition initial microcrystals has been carried out. An effect of the loss of internal sensitivity is found. A nature of this effect is proposed and ways of its elimination are offered.


Bali is one of the famous tourist destinations all over the world. The tourists who come to Bali are increasing each year. This is followed by the increasing number of the resorts in all over the island. This issue make the competition between the resorts are getting tougher and also make every resort owner to compete to get the consumers. One of the resort on the island is The Bay which is now haven't has a brand identity or logo that could be used to communicate the brand, The Bay, to consumers. Methods used in the collection of data are survey, interview and literature studies. It was found from the data that The Bay needed to have a logo as the identity of The Bay as well as the guidance of logo usage. The results from surveys, interviews, and literature studies showed how customers choose their accommodation for holiday by choosing a comfortable resort. Survey and interview also differentiate the segment, which are upper middle class and foreigners. Balinese elements considered being included on the logo to add more traditional design of Bali on it. By the results of the data, the concept of The Bay logo is to adjust the traditional modern concept with the typical elements of Balinese culture and the image of The Bay. The logo is also visualized as in uniforms, transportation, hotel supplies, and stationery. This design is expected to help the Bay to communicate the brand to consumers.


DOSKOČIL, Zdeněk. Ladislav Novomeský as the Head of the Slovak Academy of Sciences and Arts (1950–1951). In spring 1950 poet Ladislav Novomeský was accused of the so-called Slovak bourgeois nationalism. After his forced self-criticism, Novomeský was removed from his position of Minister of Education and had to leave the top politics. The leaders of the Communist Party of Slovakia appointed him as the Slovak Academy of Sciences and Arts' president. Ladislav Novomeský performed this role during the months before his arrest in February 1951. In this essay, we analyse the poet's inconsistent activities during this period. As president, Novomeský's effort was to turn the Academy into top scientific institution in Slovakia, but he was also anxious to keep it in line with the political and ideological course of the Communist Party. The poet's schizophrenic attitude during the management of Academy can be illustrated by various examples, e.g. changes in organizational structure, introduction of censorship, collaboration with the Slovak Matica, publishing of the edition of Hviezdoslav's Library, his own work, and so on.


A pattern matching method for Chinese texts is discussed. Study and researchon pattern matching both for question analysis and answer selection are presented. the algothrim shower to implement if ,and finally points out the results of our system.


Textile industry is one of the primarily concerned industries in the world generating huge revenues where both the skilled and unskilled labours are employed. Raw materials are mainly synthetic chemicals rather than the natural one. Several bleaching agents, additives are also used to get sufficiently high and uniform degree of whiteness in the textile materials. Environmental contamination is also common by the textile effluents. All these substances are mutagenic and carcinogenic, and cause enormous health hazards to humans, animals, and aquatic lives. Infertility, implantation failure, and miscarriage due to exposure to dyes, dye intermediates, and other raw materials are major concern worldwide as integrity of both the male and female gametes are massively affected by them. However, little or no attention has been paid in real life scenario, mainly in the developing and under developed countries including adaptation of successful and advanced mitigation strategies. Therefore, the chapter highlights the common issues and possible remedial measures of the textile industry exposure with respect to fertility potential and pregnancy outcome.


Present-day minimally-invasive surgical robots, such as the da Vinci®, cannot directly sense interaction between the robotic instruments and the patient anatomy. This includes the instrument grasping force and the 6 degree-of-freedom (DOF) force/torque (wrench) between the instrument and the environment. Previous works have investigated model-based or data-driven methods that use available measurements, such as joint positions, velocities and torques, to estimate either the grasping force or the 6 DOF wrench. This paper extends prior work by developing and evaluating a data-driven (learning-based) method to simultaneously estimate the grasping force and external wrench. This task is complicated by the mechanical coupling between the gripper and other wrist joints, but the network is able to simultaneously estimate external forces, torques, and gripper force with RMS errors of 1.4N, 0.04Nm, and 0.1N, respectively. In addition, transfer learning is shown to enable the neural network to quickly adapt to different instruments.


This report determines the uncertainties associated with measurements made by using the mobile gamma-ray spectrometers deployed at the U.S. Department of Energy's Fernald Closure Project to characterize soil contaminated with {sup 238}U, {sup 226}Ra, and {sup 232}Th. It also examines minimum detectable concentrations (MDCs) for these instruments. The spectrometers use sodium iodide (NaI) detectors and are mounted on a variety of platforms that allow access to all areas of the site, including deep excavations. They are utilized for surveying large areas to obtain distribution patterns for radionuclides in soil, determining whether activity concentrations exceed action levels for hot spots, and determining if the concentration of total uranium exceeds the allowable level for Fernald's on-site disposal facility. Soil cleanup levels at Fernald are 82 parts per million (ppm) for total uranium (27.3 pCi/g for {sup 238}U), 1.7 pCi/g for {sup 226}Ra, and 1.5 pCi/g for {sup 232}Th. The waste acceptance criterion (WAC) for total uranium for the disposal facility is 1030 ppm. Uncertainties associated with counting, efficiency calibration, the calibration pad and sources used, the vertical distribution of contaminants in soil, the use of moisture corrections, and the use of corrections to account for the loss of radon from soil are examined. (Loss of radon is an important process because measurement of {sup 226}Ra relies on emissions from progeny of {sup 226}Ra and because {sup 222}Rn is an intermediate, highly mobile decay product.) The importance of each source of uncertainty depends on the radionuclide of interest and level of contamination. The combined relative uncertainty (relative standard deviation) in measurements of dry-weight concentrations near three times the cleanup levels (the action levels for hot spots) is about 30% for 4-second measurements of {sup 238}U, 40% for {sup 226}Ra, and 20% for {sup 232}Th. (Measurement uncertainties for {sup 226}Ra are elevated because of the magnifying effect of the correction process used to account for the loss of {sup 222}Rn from soil.) For measurements of total uranium near the WAC level, the total relative uncertainty is about 20% for 4-second measurements. When only uncertainties due to counting errors are considered, a trigger level of 900 ppm can be used with 4-second measurements to determine, with a 95% level of confidence, if concentrations of total uranium in soil exceed the WAC level. The MDCs for 4-second measurements are well below three times the relevant cleanup levels for all three radionuclides considered.


Psilocybin mushrooms have been consumed in practically all over the world by various human groups at the dawn of their cultures, in times that roll back into a distant past. Apparently, they evolved as a chemical weapon to defend against insects and other predators, however psilocin is harmless in toxicological terms for us, what it would really be inducing are expanded states of consciousness, leading in ancient times to link this effect with what sacred. Psilocybin mushrooms have been used as an oracle, consulting room, divination and treatment. Today they went from being sacred, to being feared, persecuted, hidden, today desecrated and vulgarized in medicine or simple recreation. Mexico has a great mycocultural legacy which is of the utmost importance to preserve.


To reduce the difficult of rock roadway drivage and increase driving speed,this paper analyzed the stress distribution of the roadway working face of Liliangdian Mine west 4 main return way by numerical simulation software FLAC3D.And the analysis results were applied to field practice.The results show that rock masses are in the relative equilibrium ground stress field under the effect of the self-weight stress field and the other stress fields before the deep engineering excavation.Because of the excavation,the equilibrium state of rock initial stress is broken in underground engineering construction period.And it causes a series of deformation and failure phenomena due to stress release,the stress redistribution nearby excavation area,and the formation of 0~2.0m stress decreasing zone and 2.0~18.5m stress increasing zone in the front of the working face,including 2.5~3.8m high stress zone.It guided drilling and blasting method that the field blasting driving drilling tried to avoid high stress zone,improved efficiency of borehole,accelerated 30% of roadway driving speed,reduced unnecessary casualties and economic losses with obvious economic benefit.


Metoliophilus uvaticus is described as a new genus and species of intestinal trematode, collected from adult and nestling dippers in Oregon. It is characterized by a covering of integumental scales; ceca of moderate length; cirrus sac mainly anterior and to the left of acetabulum, directed posteriad; genital pores separate but adjacent, submedian, near posterior margin of acetabulum; ovary deeply lobed, between intestinal fork and testes; and tubular excretory vesicle. A new subfamily is erected for this genus. Egg-producing adults were obtained in chicks 5 days after feeding metacercarial cysts from nymphs of the stonefly, Acroneuria pacifica (Banks). After 10 days adult flukes were found in the muscular layer of the bird's intestinal wall. Most nymphs of the large stonefly, Acroneuria pacifica (Banks), collected in the Metolius River near Camp Sherman, Deschutes County, on the eastern slope of the Cascade Mountains in central Oregon, were found to contain encysted metacercariae. When fed to day-old chicks of Gallus gallus domesticus, these developed in the small intestine into mature trematodes identified as a new species, genus, and subfamily of the Lecithodendriidae. One specimen of this fluke with few eggs was found in a dipper from the same locality; a second specimen without eggs was taken from a dipper collected from Nehalem, near the Oregon coast; and 14 large individuals with numerous eggs were found in one of four nestling dippers collected near the Nehalem River, Clatsop County, about 20 miles upstream from Nehalem. Dippers from streams along the Columbia River Gorge, Multnomah County, were negative for this fluke.


Four Theories of the Press provided the theoretical resources for media imperialism from the historical-horizons of communication theory study.The binary opposition thinking pattern,media control theory and historical deduction process of communication context of Four Theories of the Press,provided the theory prelude for egocentricity thinking pattern,communication tools arrange manner and communication context historical generation of media imperialism.


This review article argues that Darlene Ehrenberg's psychoanalytic concept of process interaction is the most developed and radical psychoanalytic form of this concept, and is also a bridge to models of integration. Its relation to the concept of 'implicit knowledge' is explored. The Intimate Edge: Extending the Reach of Psychoanalytic Interaction, Darlene Bregman Ehrenberg, New York and London: Norton, 1992, 210 pp, ISBN 0-393-70140-9


Pericellular proteolysis, particularly initiated by the plasminogen activator/plasmin system, fulfils pivotal regulatory functions in cellular adhesion, migration and invasion. The urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) is a key activator of this system and its function relies on the interaction with the urokinase receptor (uPAR) (CD 87) (Behrendt et al., 1995; Blasi, 1999). Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and protease nexin-1 (PN-1) are the main inhibitors of the catalytic activity of uPA (Collen, 1999; Gloor et al., 1986). The urokinase system mediates cell surface proteolysis and chemotactic cell locomotion and concurrently regulates cell adhesion (Chapman, 1997; Ossowski and Aguirre-Ghiso, 2000). uPAR not only directly mediates leukocyte adhesion to a vitronectin (VN) substratum in the presence of uPA (Wei et al., 1994), but also regulates integrin-mediated cell adhesion suggests that the same components that are required for breaking cellular contacts with the substratum are also responsible for forming new adhesion points. The focalized assembly of these components, their relative concentrations, and their activation status determine the extent of cell adhesion. uPAR-dependent cell adhesion to VN is regulated by a number of factors, which interact with either VN or uPA, such


Synchrotron based angle dispersive x–ray diffraction (ADXRD) studies were performed on metastable crystalline bismuth orthoborate (BiBO3) up to 14.5 GPa during compression and decompression cycle. These studies revealed that the BiBO3 is unstable and it converts to Bi4B2O9 phase at high pressure. Moreover the transformation is found to be irreversible.


This is a qualitative research that was carried out to analyze the experience of loneliness of the elderly people living alone using the result of focus group interviews. This study conducted interviews with 28 subjects in the Senior Welfare Center of D city. For the purpose, 28 persons were divided into 5 groups, and interviews were carried out with each group for 50-70 minutes. and the voluntary character of research participation was sufficiently explained. As a result of the research, three topic collections consisting of 'Unavoidable lonesomeness', 'Inevitable death', and 'Acceptance of my life' and seven subjects, which consist of 'Absence of spouse', 'Independence for children', 'Death of neighbor (friend)', 'Fear of death left alone', 'Laying down', 'Taking care of my health', and 'Soothing loneliness in my own way', were derived. The elderly persons living alone who participated in this research expressed their feeling of unavoidable loneliness and their effort to overcome the loneliness. Based on the findings of this research, it is hoped that diverse plans to overcome psychological loneliness of the elderly people living alone will be developed.


The occurrence of multiple primary tumors in the upper aerodigestive tract is a well-known phenomenon. In general, multiple tumors within the same organ system result either from metastasis, or from a process called field cancerization. Distant (monoclonal) metastasis is the result of seeding, implantation, and selective growth advantage. Field cancerization is a concept that explains the multifocal growth of independent clones, and is thought (among other mechanisms) to be the result of chronic exposure to carcinogens. We report on a patient with seven primary tumors of the upper aerodigestive tract. To our knowledge, a patient with a comparable number of primary tumors has not been described before. The possible mechanisms of origin for these multiple tumors are discussed.


This paper investigates the effects of tongue geometry on the performance and radial force of a low specific speed centrifugal pump in direct and reverse modes numerically. For the evaluation of unknown Reynolds stresses, the k-ω turbulence model was employed. The nonlinear convective terms in all transport equations were approximated by the second-order upwind scheme. The unstructured computation grid with 1.75×106 cells was used for the computation. Numerical results indicated that as expected, the tongue geometry significantly alters the performance and radial force in both direct and reverse modes. In the next step, the effects of two geometrical parameters of tongue, namely; tongue stretching and tongue angle were studied. The results obtained by CFD simulations in pump mode proved that the tongue with the most stretching yields the lowest head value in high flowrates and decreases efficiency. Moreover, it is found that the tongue with medium stretching has no sensible effect on the radial force, while one with the most stretching can increase the radial force significantly. In addition, this study proved that changing the tongue angle increases the radial force exerted on impeller and can lead to lower efficiencies in the pump. The numerical study of fluid flow in PAT mode revealed that by increasing the tongue stretching of a tongue while keeping the angle constant, both head and power increases. For the tongues with medium stretching, it is found there is no direct relation between tongue angle and head but by increasing the tongue angle both power and efficiency increase. In the tongue with the most stretching, the tongue with angle of -10° produced the highest power while that of -5° leads to the highest efficiencies in all flowrates.


The use of signal high order cycle cumulant as recognition characteristic features to achieve OFDM signal and single carrier signal recognition algorithms was studied.According to the multipath channel,a kind of recognition algorithms was proposed.It used characteristic features based on fourth-order cumulants as recognition parameters,which could inhibit the multipath effect.The simulation results showed that the algorithm could achieve high signal correct recognition rate(more than 85%) in low SNR,and when the signal-to-noise ratio was greater than 2 dB,correct recognition rate could achieve above 95%,close to 100%.At the same time,this algorithm needed small amount of calculation and its implementation was simple.


The single-particle densitity of states (DOS) for the Pauli and the Schrodinger Hamiltonians in the presence of an Aharonov–Bohm potential is calculated for different values of the particle magnetic moment. The DOS is a symmetric and periodic function of the flux. The Krein–Friedel formula can be applied to this long-ranged potential when regularized with the zeta function. We have found that whenever a bound state is present in the spectrum it is always accompanied by a resonance. The shape of the resonance is not of the Breit-Wigner type. The differential scattering cross section is asymmetric if a bound state is present and gives rise to the Hall effect. As an application, propagation of electrons in a dilute vortex limit is considered and the Hall resistivity is calculated.


The electrohydrodynamically enhanced natural convection of dielectric liquids in a horizontally cylindrical annulus was numerically investigated under DC and pulsed applied electric field conditions over the range of Rayleigh number from 10/sup 4/ to 2*10/sup 4/, the Prandtl number from 5 to 7, and the electric Rayleigh number from 0 to 2*10/sup 3/ for the inner-to-outer radius ratio of 2. Simulation results show that the applied, radial, DC electric field always enhances the heat transfer by natural convection process. The velocity and heat transfer enhancement are from a factor of 2 to 20 and from 10% to 30%, respectively, for EI varying from 5*10/sup 2/ to 2*10/sup 3/.<<ETX>>


Written communication is an important, however often neglected, component of an engineering curriculum. The civil engineering department at North Dakota State University has included word processing in its CE 101 course in order to teach students to write reiteratively and to gain an appreciation for the convenience associated with word processing. Several conclusions were drawn from this first attempt at including word processing in an introductory engineering course. Student comments were generally favorable and they appreciated the exposure to microcomputers. The shareware program that was distributed to each student worked well, but the necessity for each student to purchase the full documentation became evident. Finally, the classical lecture style of presentation was not adequate and will be replaced by smaller computer lab sessions and hands‐on experience.


It is generally accepted that the various species of Leishmania of men and dogs are morphologically indistinguishable. Therefore it has been argued that, according to the present rules of taxonomy, they should all be included in one species, L. donovani (Laveran & Mesnil, 1903), Ross, 1903. A review of the literature indicates, however, that this view is not generally acceptable, while strict adherence to the morphological rule would require the inclusion of the Leishmania of lizards (L. hemidactyli, L. agamae, etc.) in the same species as those of men and dogs.


In this study, predictability for the barotropic component of the atmosphere is examined based on analog weather maps in the historical data. The limit of predictability P is defined as the time taken for the initial error to reach the climate noise level which is defined by one standard deviation from the long term mean of the fluctuation in the observed atmosphere. According to the quadratic error growth model by Lorenz (1982), the predictability P is expected to obey a logarithmic function rather than a linear function of the initial error. Although we searched 15, 667, 760 combinations of weather maps, there are no good analog pairs to investigate the error growth for a sufficiently small initial error. For this reason, model experiments were conducted to demonstrate that the quadratic error growth model is applicable to infer the behavior of a small error from the distribution of a large error. From the results of the model experiments, and the best analog pairs in the historical data, we estimated that the predictability for the real atmosphere increases about 6.3 days when the initial error energy is reduced to 1/10. Hence, we may extend the predictability for the barotropic component of the atmosphere if we can reduce the initial error in the vertical mean of the atmosphere.


A control method of linear acceleration and deceleration on step motor was introduced in this paper. The main idea was to judge the deceleration district according to the residual length of the line segment. This method reduced machining time greatly and increased cutting efficiency availably. It also had the characteristic of intelligent control. The method had been applied and confirmed in the NC system successfully.


Introduction: Ventricular fibrillation is a common fatal arrhythmia. The ECG of VF appears chaotic but may be useful to non-invasively identify VF-sustaining mechanisms to guide therapy. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that rotors and focal sources manifest distinct features on the ECG. Computational modeling may identify the mechanistic basis of these features. Methods: VF was induced at EP study in 31 patients referred for ventricular arrhythmia ablation. Simultaneous ECG and intracardiac recordings were obtained using biventricular basket catheters. Endocardial phase maps mechanistically classified each VF cycle as rotor or focal source. ECGs of each VF mechanism were compared using 3D voltage variation criteria. To control for patient differences, ECGs were analyzed only from patients demonstrating both mechanisms. Biventricular computer simulations of VF driven by focal sources or rotors were created. The ECGs and activation patterns of each simulated VF mechanism were analyzed. Results: Eight patients had periods of both VF mechanisms. Rotor-based VF exhibited greater voltage variation than focal source-based VF (57±15% vs 25±17%, p=0.004, Fig 1A-B). Simulations revealed similar differences between rotors (Fig 1E) and focal sources (41±15% vs 21±4%, p=0.02, Fig 1C). Modeling revealed that greater voltage variation may be due to wavebreak and secondary rotor initiation often in the contralateral ventricle. Conversely, single stationary rotors had minimal voltage variation (25±11% vs 41±15%, p=0.03, Fig 1D). Conclusions: In conclusion, controlled clinical and computational studies reveal that quantitative criteria of ECG voltage variation differ significantly between VF-sustaining mechanisms. Wavebreak and secondary rotor initiation contributes to such variation. Future studies should prospectively evaluate if these criteria can separate VF mechanisms and guide therapy such as anti-arrhythmic medication choice or substrate ablation.


The design and test of a robot-compatible, radiation detection instrument providing simultaneous <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-ray imaging and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-ray spectroscopy is described. The sensing system comprises a cerium bromide inorganic scintillation detector and a cylindrical, lead slot collimator that is configured with a robot-compatible, on-board data acquisition system. The mount for the sensor is a lightweight, bespoke 3-axis gimbal actuated by servos for pan, tilt and rotation of the collimator for imaging capability. This paper discusses the integration of this relatively low-cost radiation detection apparatus with a commercially available, Robot-Operating-System-controlled robotic platform (a Clearpath Robotics™ Jackal). The detection system is compliant with the power and mass payload constraints of the robot. Its performance has been evaluated by means of two practical examples: a) measurements in a laboratory environment to assess the ability of the system to resolve two caesium-137 point sources, and b) deployment at the Jožef Stefan Institute TRIGA Mark II research reactor to assess the ability of the system to characterise the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\gamma $ </tex-math></inline-formula>-ray emission at 1 kW from a horizontal tangential beam port in the reactor hall and from the reactor sample pool above the core.


The invention discloses a method for extracting vanadium and chromium from converter vanadium chromium slag. The method comprises the following steps: 1) adding Na2CO3 into the vanadium chromium slag, mixing uniformly and carrying out oxidizing roast on the mixture, wherein the addition of Na2CO3 is controlled according to a molar ratio of V2O3/Na2CO3 in the vanadium chromium slag being 0.1-0.4; grinding the roasted clinker, and leaching with water to obtain a primary roasted leaching solution and residue; 2) drying and grinding the residue to serve as a raw material from which vanadium and chromium can be extracted in the second step, adding Na2CO3 in the residue, mixing uniformly and carrying out oxidizing roast on the mixture, wherein the addition of Na2CO3 is controlled according to a molar ratio of (V2O3+Cr2O3)/Na2CO3 in the residue being 0.1-0.4; grinding the roasted clinker, and leaching with water to obtain a secondary roasted leaching solution; and 3) separately separating and extracting the vanadium and chromium from the primary roasted leaching solution and the secondary roasted leaching solution. The method disclosed by the invention is simple in process and high in vanadium and chromium immersion ratio and brings convenience for separating vanadium from chromium subsequently.


Urea formaldehyde (UF) resin which is one of the most important wood adhesives is a polymeric condensation product of the chemical reaction of formaldehyde with urea, and considered as the most important type of adhesive resins for the production of particleboards. The present study is aimed to preparation and characterization of urea/ formaldehyde/Rosa Canina sp. seeds and urea/formaldehyde/Rosa Canina sp. seeds/organo clay composites and also to determine the utility as an alternative and low cost material to manufacture particleboard. The synthesis of various composites was carried out using fresh Rosa Canina sp. seeds, typical agricultural waste, in its changing ratios from 7.7 to 83.3 wt%. Also, some of the composite mixtures were prepared by adding organo clay (0.17 3.3 wt%) in a constant ratio of 1/1 wt of urea and formaldehyde. The structural and mechanical characterization of samples was performed by X-ray di raction, Fourier transform infrared spectra, high resolution transmission electron microscopy images and measurements of Shore D and scratch hardness. The analysis results conclude that organo clay platelets dispersed as simultaneously intercalated and exfoliated in resin matrix and also the increased organo clay ratio led to increase in the hardness values of samples.


The current study aims to identify particular ways through which social actors are represented by Pakistani media such as MCB (Muslim Commercial Bank) Ladies Account (2017). This study is only limited to two Pakistani advertisements as a sample of study. The research design is qualitative content analysis. The study seeks to examine the propagation of class differences for the sake of gaining viewer's empathy in order to achieve marketing purposes. The researchers have applied Leeuwen's (2008) framework of Visual Representation of Social Actor for the analysis of data. The analysis of data has provided an insight into different ways class differences are showcased. It has further provided an insight that notion of lower/middle class is constructed and represented as "others" in the particular advertisements with the help of Visual Representation of Social Actors. The result of study validates that lower/middle class is particularly marginalized in the mentioned advertisements, whereas it has become a general practice of Pakistani media to project such kind of class dichotomy. The study has further incorporated the idea that through such kind of projections the capitalists propagate the purchase of unwanted items. Wherein, regardless of any use the viewers while empathizing with the social actors purchase the advertised items.


The Nairobi (Kenya) City Council (NCC) operates 46 family planning clinics in all seven administrative districts and two community-based distribution (CBD) programs. A 1991 situation analysis revealed many deficiencies in the clinics including insufficient IEC materials poor counseling a need to decentralize supervision and inadequate staff training. In 1992-95 Pathfinder International implemented interventions aimed at correcting some of these problems. A repeat situation analysis conducted at NCC clinics in 1995 indicated that the quality of care at NCC clinics exceeded that at most government and nongovernmental health facilities in terms of assessing clients needs screening for sexually transmitted infections undertaking breast exams and discussing other health issues. A separate evaluation of the CBD program found that although the NCC program is cost-effective there is room for improvement in areas such as agent training supervisory and reporting systems relationships with clinics for referral of clients IEC material availability and commodity storage. The findings of the evaluations of both NCC programs were presented at a national dissemination seminar in March 1996.


In this note we investigate the stability of game theoretic and economic solution concepts under input perturbations. The existence of many of these solutions is proved using fixed point theorems. We note that fixed point theorems, in general, do not provide stable solutions, and we show how some commonly studied solution concepts are indeed not stable under perturbation of the inputs.


In this autobiographical account, the author discusses her life and career experiences and how these relate to her work in community organizing and social services. The author's own sense of marginality, which originated in her being a dark-skinned, white, female member of a North Carolina family, formed the basis of her concerns about populations facing vulnerability and risk. Although the author's research and writings have addressed diverse subjects, common themes emerge related to decision making and shared leadership and to helping vulnerable groups design and coordinate programs to serve their array of needs.


As the sharp growth of gas-fired power plants and the new emergence of power-to-gas (PtG) technology intensify the interdependence between electricity and natural gas systems, it is imperative to co-optimize the two systems for improving the overall efficiency. This paper presents a long-term robust co-optimization planning model for interdependent systems, for minimizing total investment and operation costs. Beside generators, transmission lines, gas suppliers, and pipelines, PtGs and gas compressor stations are also considered as investment candidates to effectively handle wind power uncertainties in the power system and compensate pressure losses in the gas network. Furthermore, the proposed model includes a joint N-1 and probabilistic reliability criterion to promote economical and reliable planning solutions. The proposed model is solved via a decomposition approach, by iteratively solving a base-case master problem and two operation subproblems to check N-1 and probabilistic reliability criteria. Numerical case studies illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed robust co-optimization planning approach.


Abstract 730

Efforts to improve graft-versus-tumor (GVT) activity of alloreactive donor T cells are limited by a concomitant rise in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We employed experimental allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT) models to assess two novel strategies, in which T lineage cells were genetically engineered to enhance selective effector functions. In addition to the transgenic expression of these molecules on mature donor T cells, we also used genetically engineered precursor T cells as an "off the shelf" adoptive cell therapy.

One strategy relies on T cell cytolytic molecule TNF-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL), which can induce apoptotic signals through death receptor (DR) 4 and 5 molecules (only DR5 in mice) expressed on target cells. Certain tumor cells are known to express high levels of surface DR5 making TRAIL an attractive candidate for genetic engineering of donor T cells to enhance GVT activity. Extending previous studies indicating that TRAIL expression in donor T cells is dispensable for the development of GVHD, we evaluated the effect of TRAIL over-expression in donor T cells (mature and precursor) on GVHD and GVT. Mature T cells derived from donor B6 splenocytes were transduced with a lentiviral TRAIL expression vector. The transduced TRAIL+ T cells were adoptively transferred on day 0 into lethally irradiated CBF1 recipients of a T cell depleted allo-BMT, bearing LB27.4 tumors, (B6 ^ CBF1+LB27.4) to assess their GVHD and GVT activity. TRAIL+ T cells displayed significantly enhanced antitumor immunity compared to T cells transduced with a control vector against LB27.4 tumor cell lines in vitro and upon transfer into tumor bearing allo-BMT recipients (p<0.01) ([Fig 1][1]A) . Interestingly, the recipients treated with TRAIL+ T cells had significantly less GVHD. We observed increased DR5 expression on host antigen presenting cells (APC) soon after the total body irradiation used in our preparative regimens, suggesting that TRAIL+ donor T cells could potently eliminate host APC, resulting in less GVHD. Precursor T cells have the added benefits of reconstituting the T cell compartment without GVHD and "off the shelf" use. We generated TRAIL+ precursor T cells from transduced B6 murine hematopoietic stem cells and expanded them using the OP9-DL1 co-culture system. Adoptive transfer of B6 TRAIL+ precursor T cells into syngeneic-transplanted BALB/c mice could reconstitute the T cell compartment with TRAIL expressing T cells. When challenged with localized RENCA tumors, TRAIL+ precursor T cells showed enhanced antitumor activity (p<0.05) compared to mock (GFP)-transduced controls ([Fig 1][1]B) .

The second strategy explores the use of promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF). PLZF is a member of the BTB-ZF (Broad complex, Tram track, Bric-^-brac-zinc finger) family of transcription factors. In NKT and NK cells, it controls key steps in development, activation and effector functions. Its ectopic expression on conventional T cell confers NKT and NK-like properties. Recent studies using transgenic mice have shown that T cells ectopically expressing PLZF spontaneously acquire an effector/memory phenotype and CD8+ T cells spontaneously express IFN-gamma. Using PLZF+ transgenic donor (B6) T cells in A20-tumor challenged B6 ^ BALB/c allo-BMT model, we found that PLZF+ T cells have less GVHD activity while GVT activity remained intact (p<0.001) ([Fig 1][1]C) . Using adoptive transfer of CFSE-labeled donor T cells we observed that fast proliferating allo-responsive PLZF+ T cells died after only a few cell cycles. We then transduced donor T cells with an expression vector and confirmed that transduced PLZF expressing donor T cells have less GVHD activity and intact GVT activity ([Fig 1][1]D) .

In conclusion, our data suggest that adoptive therapy with genetically engineered TRAIL or PLZF expressing donor T cells exert less GVHD activity while displaying intact or enhanced GVT activity. Furthermore, the "off the shelf" use of genetically enhanced precursor T cells indicates a promising cell therapy strategy to enhance anti-tumor activity in both autologous and allogeneic BMT patients.

![Figure][2]

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

 [1]: #F1
 [2]: pending:yes


The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans displays developmental robustness, such that nearly all embryos show normal development across a range of conditions. We are investigating properties of adults derived from embryos that are partially compromised for a very early step in the specification of the intestine (gut) primordium. As the gut provides essential nutritional functions to the animal, we hypothesize that is there are any abnormalities remaining in these adults, they might be detectable through indirect measurements of characteristics that depend on normal metabolism and physiology. Here, we examine adults derived from strains in which early embryonic gut development has been partially compromised and quantify three physiological properties: resistance to oxidative stress by exposure to hydrogen peroxide, mean rate of pharyngeal pumping, and average life span. Our results show that when specification is mildly compromised, oxidative stress resistance increases by 35%, pharyngeal pumping decreases by 11%, and life span decreases by 20%. In a more severely compromised strain, oxidative stress resistance decreases by 11%, pharyngeal pumping decreases by 27%, and life span decreases by 23%. The results show that function of the intestine, and general metabolic health, are indeed affected when gut specification is compromised. We propose that in C. elegans, proper function of the adult gut requires robust early progenitor specification, and that there are limits to the ability of later gut development to compensate for early perturbations in specification.


Erbium-ytterbium-doped fiber absorption and fluorescence are exploited to realize an optical bistable device. An all-optical flip-flop with 10-ns transition time, 18.48-nJ set, and 19.82-nJ reset energies, is experimentally demonstrated. The possibility to reach an extinction ratio of more than 8 dB is demonstrated as well


The purpose of this article is to provide a comparative analysis of the differences between assimilation, haplology and assimilation with Elysia, geminization, and reduplication between the Hough transmission of Asim's reading and the Warsh's transmission of the reading of Nafi Quran. Research methods. The author's analysis, based on the method of comparative coordination of phenomena in the sounds of the Arabic language in transmissions, especially in the Warsh's transmission, which is less familiar to a wide audience, has a special scientific and practical significance. Comments are made on previously expressed considerations regarding the problem, and an attempt is made to re-evaluate the phonetic phenomena and make an appropriate estimation. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the analysis and classification of phonetic phenomena in transmissions not from the point of view of generalization principles elaborated by Muslim-Arabian researchers, but from the point of view of their analysis and classification by including them in combinatorial variables. The conclusion is that the approach to phonetic phenomena in transmissions may deviate from the general principles elaborated by Muslim-Arabian researchers and distinguish them from the corresponding types of combinatorial variables. It is noted that: 1. [ẕ], [d̆] və [t] which are read with a complete realization in the sound combinations [ẕt], [d̆ḍ], [d̆ẓ] and [tẓ] in AH, are affected by a complete regressive contact assimilation in NW: [tt], [ḍḍ], [ẓẓ] on the contrary are read with a complete realization as [s̠ẕ]/[ẕẕ] and [b̌m]/[m̃m̃] in NW, which are affected by a complete regressive contact assimilation in AH: [s̠ẕ] and [b̌m]. 2. In one transmission ([ta]) in the 3rd person feminine gender, in the present, future tense form 2nd and 3rd person singular, 2nd verbs in plural in the 5th and 6th chapters are subjected to a syllabus elision, in another transmission, one consonant with its discontant effect makes a preceding open consonant syllable assimilated, and the vowel between them undergoes an elision. It is not possible to agree with the conclusion that this process ends with assimilation, because it is followed by an important phonetic phenomenon, such as vowel elision.


The equality in the uncertainty principle for linear momentum and position is obtained for states which also minimize the uncertainty product. However, in the uncertainty relation for angular momentum and angular position both sides of the inequality are state dependent and therefore the intelligent states, which satisfy the equality, do not necessarily give a minimum for the uncertainty product. In this paper, we highlight the difference between intelligent states and minimum uncertainty states by investigating a class of intelligent states which obey the equality in the angular uncertainty relation while having an arbitrarily large uncertainty product. To develop an understanding for the uncertainties of angle and angular momentum for the large-uncertainty intelligent states we compare exact solutions with analytical approximations in two limiting cases.


Submission regarding the following matters as specified in the Terms of Reference:

What are the key factors influencing public risk perception and tolerability of energy infrastructure facilities and projects?

To what extent can public perceptions be changed by improving risk communication?

How do risk perceptions and communication issues in the UK compare to those of other countries?


Diffuse water pollution poses a significant threat to water quality globally. Challenges associated with managing and regulating diffuse water pollution stem from difficulties in measurement and attribution of pollution 'emissions', as well as the cumulative nature of diffuse water pollution. The introduction of Queensland's Great Barrier Reef Protection Amendment Act 2009 provides a timely opportunity to explore challenges associated with managing and regulating diffuse water pollution from agriculture, using the Great Barrier Reef as a case study. This article, which is presented in two parts (sections II and III), outlines the nature of diffuse water pollution; potential management and regulatory options; and existing policy, management and legislative frameworks that exist at Commonwealth and Queensland State government levels relevant to managing Great Barrier Reef water quality. In section III, the article undertakes a detailed analysis of Queensland's Great Barrier Reef Protection Amendment Act 2009, including an assessment of the likely effectiveness of this legislation; challenges associated with the implementation, monitoring and evaluation of measures taken under this new legislation; and its significance and role in the context of other relevant Commonwealth and Queensland government responsibilities, legislation and policies. [For copyright reasons, only the abstract is available here]


In order to cope with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and meet with the educational needs of medical students, we have evaluated the virtual peer role-plays (VPRP), an innovative approach to teach breaking bad news communication skills to medical students. Three scenarios of relational simulation were successively proposed to 237 medical students divided in 10 groups, each supervised by two teachers. Pre- and post-VPRP questionnaires were submitted to evaluate students satisfaction. The response rate of the pre- and post-VPRP questionnaires were 89% and 52% respectively. Two-thirds of the students had never participated in a peer role-play session. Most students had low level of confidence in breaking bad news communication and were motivated to participate to the VPRP session. Students satisfaction on VPRP session regarding quality (realism, organization), interest, perceived benefits was very positive. In conclusion, VPRP are feasible, of low cost (no material is required), applicable to other healthcare students and is relevant to the growth of teleconsultation.


Objective
To investigate the design of free perforator flap, and the efficacy of utilizing perforator flaps for Ⅳ degree Ischia-sacral ulcer treatment.

Methods
From January 2010 to October 2016, 18 patients with Ⅳ degree ischia-sacral ulcer were treated. The surface area of the sacral tail ranged from 4 cm×5 cm to 8 cm ×12 cm.Doppler sonography was used to detect potential perforator.All defects were repaired with free perforator flaps, designed based on the size and shape of the wound. The flap size ranged from 6 cm×11 cm to 9 cm×15 cm.

Results
One perforator flap went dehiscence after surgery, repaired by V-Y flap. All the rest of perforator flaps survived well, after 3-24 months follow-up. Flap texture and appearance was good, no ulcer reoccurred.

Conclusions
The free perforator flap is a simple technique.It does not need to tracethe trunk of vessels, and it does not cause major morbidities to the buttocks. Therefore, it is one of the ideal ways to repair Ⅳ degree Ischia-sacral ulcer.

Key words:
Perforators flap; Pressure ulcers; Repair


We review observations of the magnetic field made by Voyager 1 in the heliosheath from DOY 351, 2004 to 125, 2005, and we discuss their significance in regard to the structure and dynamics of the heliosheath. The probability distribution of hourly averages of B in the heliosheath is a Gaussian distribution. The largest structure observed to date was a unipolar magnetic sector, which V1 entered on DOY 360, 2004 and exited on DOY 110, 2005. In the sector, the distribution function of each of the three components of hour averages of B relative to their mean values was Gaussian; the widths of these distributions were all comparable, indicating that the fluctuations in B were nearly isotropic. The turbulence on this scale is compressible and isotropic relative to the mean B. This sample of the turbulence contains ordered features, including magnetic holes. Preliminary results concerning the multiscale and multifractal structure of the magnetic field in the heliosheath are described briefly.


We investigate the reliability of RF switches for high-power, high dynamic range RF applications. Switches in two different CMOS technology platforms (180 nm and 130 nm) were observed to fail catastrophically beyond 33 dBm RF input power. The switches were single-pole double-throw with series-shunt topology. The reliability of a standalone switching series transistor from a single-pole double-throw switch was analyzed to investigate the failure mechanisms involved. Gate dielectric breakdown at high RF input power is demonstrated to lead to the failure of RF switches. Finally, the effect of transistor failure on switch operation is discussed.


Dermatophytes produce only superficial infections of the skin and its appendages without involving the deeper tissue or the internal organs (Bailey et al., 1990). Traditionally, infections caused by dermatophytes have been named according to the anatomical locations involved, by appending the Latin term designating the body site after the word "Tinea" (Hay et al. 2004). Emmons et al. (1963) proposed division of dermatophytes into three genera on the basis of clinical, morphological and microscopic characteristics Epidermophyton (involving skin and nail), Microsporum (involving skin and hair) and Trichophyton (involving skin, hair and nail). Based on their ecological characteristic, dermatophytes are divided into geophilic, zoophilic and anthrophilic species (Jagdish, 2009). ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 4 Number 11 (2015) pp. 394-398 http://www.ijcmas.com


This article cuts out a typical dialogue from the novel named A Dream of Red Mansions, and initially analyses the presuppositions interrogative discourse in the dialogue to simply analyse the important function of the context and the comprehension of the words internal semantic form on the premise of the presuppositions polysemy tendency.


A high-activity superfine additive for concrete is prepared from at least two of steel slag, flyash, granular slag of blast furnace and phosphur slag, and gypsum through grinding, proportional mixingand further pulverizing. Its advantages are high specific surface area (more than 400 sq.m/kg), high activity, and low heat release.


This article describes the implementation of a continuous process improvement methodology by the Roadways Branch of the City of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. It focuses on the critical success factors and the major initiatives of the project. The project involved three primary processes: 1) developing a business process for improving work methods; 2) validating the process using MMS data from the City of Saskatoon; and, 3) preparing a Continuous Process Improvement Training Packing and training session using actual city data. Factors affecting the selection of an activity include its relative cost, consistency between crews in performing an activity, the impact that the activity has on the program, and the time since the activity was last reviewed. Four work activities were studied using the controlled continual improvement process and recommendations were then developed and presented to city officials. The activities included: Concrete sidewalk replacements; pothole patching; snow loading and removal; and, maintenance of utility costs.


In this study, the performance of an In2O3/ZrO2 catalyst for hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol is reported in the presence of typical impurities of industrial CO2 feed gas streams.


CHOREO: Peg & John Kincaid, 9231 Limestone Place, College Pk, Md 20740 (301) 935-5227 email@example.com www.dancerounds.info/kincaid/ MUSIC: "Acapulco" by Neil Diamond from the Jazz Singer Time: 2.50 Download Amazon.com RHYTHM: CHA RAL PHASE IV + 2 [open hip twist, Cuban brks] FOOTWORK: Opposite except where noted SEQUENCE: INTRO A BRIDGE B INTERLUDE A BRIDGE B END SPEED: slowed 8%, adjust for comfort released 5/11


The vanilla GAN [5] suffers from mode collapse deeply, which usually manifests as that the images generated by generators tend to have a high similarity amongst them, even though their corresponding latent vectors have been very different. In this paper, we introduce a pluggable block called diversity penalty (dp) to alleviate mode collapse of GANs. It is used to reduce the similarity of image pairs in feature space, i.e., if two latent vectors are different, then we enforce the generator to generate two images with different features. The normalized Gram Matrix is used to measure the similarity. We compare the proposed method with Unrolled GAN [17], BourGAN [26], PacGAN [14], VEEGAN [23] and ALI [4] on 2D synthetic dataset, and results show that our proposed method can help GAN capture more modes of the data distribution. Further, we apply this penalty term into image data augmentation on MNIST, Fashion-MNIST and CIFAR-10, and the testing accuracy is improved by 0.24%, 1.34% and 0.52% compared with WGAN GP [6], respectively. Finally, we quantitatively evaluate the proposed method with IS and FID on CelebA, CIFAR-10, MNIST and Fashion-MNIST. Results show that our method gets much higher IS and lower FID compared with some current GAN architectures.


In this paper, we present a multimodal audio-visual speaker identification system. The proposed system decomposes the information existing in a video stream into two components: speech and lip motion. It has been studied that lip information not only presents speech information but also characteristic information about a person's identity. Fusing this information with speech information will produce robust person identification under adverse condition. Our experiments demonstrate that the visual modality improves person authentication. We investigated the performance of person identification system using three different sets of visual features, one set of speech feature. There will be improvement in the recognition rate of the system when visual and speech features are fused using an adaptive weighing technique.


Considering numerous of credible problems takes place in the distributed, loosely coupled, flexible and dynamic Web service environment because many factors, such as service provider, service user and service quality and so on, is uncertain, which all these problems exited lead the normal running of system to face serious threats. Therefore, this article, through processing the user feedback information and extending the original model of Web service, designs a Web service trusty model based on feedback credibility, and offers a multi proxy approach.


metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). In spite of the striking advances that have been made in the systemic treatment of mCRC, chemotherapy alone is rarely associated with long-term survival. Complete resection offers the greatest likelihood of prolonged survival for patients with isolated liver metastases from CRC; indeed, a review of data from the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center suggests that the actual cure rate is at least 17% and potentially as high as 25%.


The urbanization process significantly reduced the permeability of land surfaces, which affected the changes of runoff characteristics and the relations in the hydrological cycle. In urban environments, the relationships within the hydrological cycle have changed in quantity, in particular: precipitation, air temperature, evaporation, and infiltration. By applying the green infrastructure (GI) to urban environments is beneficial for the water resources and the social community. GI has an effect on the improvement of ecological, economic, and social conditions. Using GI into urban areas increases the permeability of land surfaces, whereby decreasing surface runoff, and thus the frequency of urban floods. It also has a significant influence on the regulation of air quality, water purification, climate change impact, and the changes in the appearance of the urban environment. When planning and designing the GI, it is necessary to identify the type of GI and determine the size and location of the selected GI. Since each urban environment has its own characteristics, it is necessary to analyze them before deciding on the GI. The paper analyzed meteorological parameters (precipitation, air temperature, insolation, air humidity) affecting the selection of GI types, using the specific example of an urban environment – the City of Osijek, Croatia. Significant parameters when designing GI are operation and maintenance These parameters directly affect the efficiency of GI. The proper selection of GI and its location results in maximum gains: the reduction of land surface drainage - drainage of the sewage system, purification and retention of precipitation at the place of production, the improvement of air quality, and the improvement of living conditions in urban environments


CLINICIANS have long been impressed with the fact that choriocarcinoma in the female may regress after removal of the primary tumour. Immunological factors might acount for this phenomenon. Postgestational choriocarcinoma has its origin in placental tissue and thus owes its existence, in part at least, to the germ plasm of the consort. In this respect it differs from other malignant tumours and might be expected to occupy a position unique amongst tumours in its effects on the antibodyforming system. It can be considered analogous to a graft from the offspring to the mother, and to interact with the host like one of the transplanted tumours on which so much animal research is based. That such a graft should survive the attack of antibody for any length of time may seem surprising. However, a normal fetus is exposed to the same immunological hazards and only rarely, as in the case of Rhesus incompatibility, succumbs. Furthermore, transplantable tumours though eliciting antibodies are not necessarily destroyed by them. Thus, the persistence of the tumour does not, in itself, present an argument against its antigenicity. That choriocarcinomas may elicit an antibody response is supported by the following facts: Chemotherapy has been successful in the treatment of postgestational choriocarcinoma'-8 but has been a failure in the case of male choriocarcinoma.9 This raises the possibility that chemotherapy causes only partial destruction of the tumour and that complete destruction will ensue only if substances, freed by partial destruction, initiate an antibody response. The resulting antibody may then destroy the remaining tumour. In the male choriocarcinoma, derived entirely from autologous tissue, this secondary mechanism would be absent and chemotherapy would have only a transient effect. Spontaneous regression of tumours has been ascribed to immune effects, but no evidence has been presented to support this contention. As already mentioned, the disappearance of metastases after removal of the primary tumour has been frequently reported.10-'2 A working hypothesis to explain the disappearance of metastases after removal of the primary tumour is as follows: It is assumed that the tumour is antigenic and will remove antibody by combining with it. Before surgical removal of the primary tumour the antigen exceeds the antibody. However, after operation the


As to May 30th Movement,people have for long paid attention to its core issue of anti-imperialism and neglected the interaction between the Peking Government and the public at that time.In fact,the public was greatly dissatisfied with the unequal treaties and demanded forcefully the government to take uncompromising attitudes in foreign affairs after the tragic event in May.Furthermore,the public also asked the government to put an end to all unequal treaties,which made the government initiate the movement of revising the unequal treaties.


AbstractMultistage enthalpy extraction technology (MEET) provides an improvement in integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) technology and offers an attractive alternative of conventional pulverised coal and natural gas power generation. It certainly improves efficiency and allows better emission compliance. Although the operating cost of IGCC is low, high capital costs threaten its competitiveness. Improvements in turbine design and gas clean-up system have been the focus of studies to make it economical. The competitive nature of power generation industry has so far threatened IGCC technology. For a country such as Pakistan where generation of electrical energy is of major concern, all options including effective coal utilisation need to be pursued. The option of employing MEET is worth considering, which offers considerable process improvement and allows the utilisation of a variety of coals. Multistage enthalpy extraction technology (MEET) technology is briefly discussed here along with its suit...


Bioethics, whose constant development is mostly the outcome of the advances in modern biotechnology, is an interdisciplinary science that covers many aspects of human life. In order to bridge the gap between bioethics as a scientific discipline and the "ordinary" person, who encounters various bioethical issues, mass media are needed to report on bioethical issues in order to encourage discussions in the society. We can say that bioethics, as a scientific discipline, can be present and materialized only in a world with the media presence.
 The main aim of this paper is to explore the ways a wide range of bioethical topics has been presented in Croatian print media and its frequency, so that we can get a complete insight into the relationship between print journalism in Croatia and bioethics. In this paper, we are using quantitative-qualitative content analysis during the specific weeks from November 1, 2019 to February 31, 2020.
 The analysis of the daily newspapers 24sata, Jutarnji list, Vecernji list and Slobodna Dalmacija, and the weekly newspapers Glas Koncila, Međimurje and 7Dnevno during the established period showed that, although there is a great interest in reporting on bioethical topics, bioethics is still scientifically unknown in Croatian print media. Also, the informative approach dominates reporting on various bioethical topics, there are relatively few texts that encourage critical-analytical observation, while tendencies for sensational reporting are present only in certain topics.
 The scientific contribution of this paper is in a deeper understanding of the relationship between bioethics and print journalism in Croatia by presenting the frequency and analysing the context of media reports on a wide range of bioethical topics.


ABSTRACT Significant savings can be realized by implementing a night HVAC management program during the unoccupied time when the temperature in the facility is set below or above the normal comfort temperature for the heating and cooling months respectively. Conventional means of achieving this often proved to be non-functional due to a host of reasons like diffi culty to program, inaccessibility of the system, lack of a user friendly interface, etc. The goal of this article is to develop a conceptual framework for a night setback/setup system leveraging state-of-the-art technologies to address some of the problems that current night setback systems face. This work describes a web-centric DDC system that can be easily programmed from any computer connected to the network using a combination of software and hardware components.


The flux distribution of photoelectrons in the atmosphere of Venus is computed by solving a form of the Boltzmann equation. From the fluxes the heating rate and temperature of the electron gas and the excitation rates of the CO(a³Π), CO2+(A²Π u), and CO2+(B²Σu+) states are calculated. Uncertainties in the results are discussed.