the physical education hide curriculum was watched a long time, as a special culture. But his multi cultures different visible curriculums have higher study value. This paper discussion the multi cultures of physical education hide curriculum,and the reason for the developing and reforming the curriculum of physical education and health.


A series of new cholesteric liquid-crystalline polysiloxanes derived from steroid substituents were synthesized. The chemical structures of the monomers or polymers obtained were characterized by FTIR, element analyses, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. Their mesogenic properties and thermal stability were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, polarizing optical microscopy, and X-ray diffraction measurements. Monomers exhibited typical cholesteric focal-conic or spiral texture. The polymers P1P6 showed cholesteric phase and P7 displayed smectic phase. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006


While there do exist many different image file formats, the JPEG committee felt that none of those formats addressed a majority of the needs of tomorrow's complicated imaging applications. Many formats do not provide sufficient flexibility for the intelligent storage and maintenance of metadata. Others are very restrictive in terms of color encoding. Others provide flexibility, but with a very high cost due to complexity. The JPEG 2000 file format addresses these concerns by combining a simple binary container with a flexible metadata architecture and a useful yet simple mechanism for encoding the colorspace of an image. The format also looks toward the future, where the lines between still images, moving images, and multimedia become a blur, by providing simple hooks into other multimedia standards. This paper describes the binary format, metadata architecture, and colorspace encoding architecture of the JPEG 2000 file format. It also shows how this format can be used as the basis for more advanced applications, such as the upcoming motion JPEG 2000 standard.


Competition is transforming one of Scandinavia`s largest engineerng firms into a comprehensive, global turnkey supplier of energy systems. Since the late 1970s, Finland`s IVO International Ltd. has operated according to a goal-oriented, long-term business development strategy. By the year 2005, the comapny`s business plan charts an aggressive growth curve; the goal is to make the IVO Group a significant player in the developing and soon-to-be liberalized Nordic electric market. Elsewhere, projections call for overseas energy business expansion equaling current domestic levels; IVO International is expected to increase its international turnkey activity. Currently, the company specializes in contracting, engineering, planning, design, and consulting related to energy generation and transmission systems. The key ingredient for IVO`s success has been across-the-board cooperation and synergistic know-how that is international in scope; to date IVO has developed more than 600 projects worldwide. In the midst of change, these skills serve the company as it prepares for a future filled with power market challenges both at home and abroad.


Radial distribution of the electrical characteristics of HV XLPE insulated cables was investigated with respect to EEA or EBA oligomers migration into the insulation. During processing and aging, the migration of low molecular weight fractions of EEA or EBA copolymers used in semiconductive compounds gives rise to an increase of tan delta close to the semiconductive shields, and to a decrease of AC and DC breakdown strengths. However, this migration seems to increase the impulse breakdown strength, and to avoid bow-tie trees development.


The design characteristics and trends of ducted rockets since 1965 are summarized.Aiming at demanding design requirements posed by new generation tactical missiles,namely,long range,wide Mach number range,and high maneuverability,etc.,the inherent limitations and disadvantages of five commonly used major design techniques,i.e.the design of fixed-geometry inlet,fixed-geometry nozzle,common combustion chamber,nozzleless booster,and variable flow gas generator,are analyzed from the viewpoint of essential requirements of ramjet thermodynamic cycle.The paper clearly points out that the compromise philosophy is the source of these problems and suggests that the optimum control idea,i.e.,making breakthrough in nozzle regulation technique first,actively developing inlet regulation technique,and improving gas generator flow control technique should be followed to perfect ramjet thermodynamic cycle and facilitate the application successfully.


ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Despite the advances made in asepsis, antimicrobial drugs, sterilization and, operative techniques, surgical site infection (SSI) continue to be a major problem in all branches of surgery in the hospitals. Among surgical patients, SSIs were the most common nosocomial infection, accounting for 38% of all such infections. Different studies from India at different places have shown the SSI rate to vary from 6.09% to 38.7 %. The emergence of antibiotic resistance is a global public health problem. Now in general Fluoroquinolones and  3 rd generation cephalosporins  resistance in Gram negative bacteremia is upwards of 70%. The susceptibility patterns of coliforms have significantly changed with a rising ESBL  (extended spectrum beta lactamase) production. METHOD This is a prospective descriptive study which included a total of 203 patients who underwent abdominal surgeries between may and june 2013.  Data collected prospectively from the admitted patients.In this study relation between variables like age, diabetes, albumin, ASA score, preoperative hospital stay, preoperative cultures, wound contamination class, surgery duration and re dosing of prophylactic antibiotic were assessed in relation to surgical site infection(SSI) incidence. All the culture reports available were analysed for the organism and its resistance patterns to antimicrobials. RESULTS- Over all SSI rate obtained in this study was 12.8%, Colorectal procedures (31.81%) showed highest SSI rate followed by HPB surgeries (19.60%). Diabetes, ASA score and increased preoperative hospital stay related to significant increase in SSI. Increased SSI was observed in the group of patients who had positive pre operative cultures. ( 30.43% vs 11 %). Prolonged duration surgeries (> 4 hrs) had higher SSI rate in comparision to short duration procedures(26.19% Vs 9.31%).Colorectal procedures and small bowel procedures predominantly showed E.coli as principal isolate in SSI cultures. HPB procedures showed predominantly Klebsiella pneumonia. Most of the Gram-negative isolates ( E.coli, Klebsiella pneumonia) in our study showed variable resistant patterns with all of them showing more than 70% ressistance to third generation cephalosporins , fluoroquinolones and cotrimoxazole. E.coli, Klebsiella pneumonia showed least resistance to Tigecycline(0,10%) followed by Cefipime with tazobactum(29%,20%). In subgroup analysis in colorectal surgery, the most common isolate E.coli showed less resistance (20%) to cefoperazone- sulbactum, In HPB surgeries the group which had no preop biliary interventions,the most common gram negative isolates ( E.coli , Klebsiella)  showed less resistance (  40 %,25%)  to Cefoperazone- sulbactum  in comparision to the group who had previous preop biliary interventions. ( E.coli -70%, Klebsiella- 66%).  CONCLUSION Colorectal procedures showed highest incidence in SSI rate (31.81%) followed by HPB procedures (19.60%).Variables like Diabetes, ASA score > 2, increased preoperative hospital stay, presence of preoperative positive cultures and prolonged duration of surgery (> 4 hrs) were found to have significant risk factors for development of SSI. Together  enterobacteriaceae members ( E.coli and klebsiella) were found to be  the most common organisms responsible for the SSI in abdominal surgery. Gram negative bacterial infections showed high levels of resistance to 3 rd generation cephalosporins, Fluoroquinolones ,cotrimoxazole and gentamycin and showed least resistance to Tigecycline followed by cefepime tazobactum and Cefoperazone sulbactum. Variable resistance patterns were observed from the group which had preoperative biliary interventions to the group which had no preoperative biliary interventions.


The paper briefly analysis the methods used in forecasting of the stock market quotations, from the classic methods, used by the fundamentalists and chartist annalists, to the newest methods. The practical situations, where the analyzed methods are suitable, are also indicated.


The hydrated title salt, [CoCl(C6H6FN)(C2H8N2)2]Cl2·H2O, comprises of one chloridobis(ethane-1,2-diamine)(4-fluoroaniline)cobalt(III) cation, two chloride counter-anions and a water molecule of crystallization. The CoIII ion has a distorted octahedral environment and is surrounded by four N atoms in the equatorial plane, with a fifth N atom and one Cl− ligand occupying the axial positions. One of the methylene C groups in one of the ethane-1,2-diamine ligands is disordered over two set of sites in a 0.832 (10):0.168 (10) ratio. In the crystal, the complex cation, the two counter-anions and the water molecule of crystallization are linked via N—H...Cl, O—H...Cl and C—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, generating rings with R
 4
 2(8), R
 2
 1(6), R
 4
 2(10) and R
 2
 2(6) graph-set motifs within a three-dimensional network.


Analyzes the situations and the obstacles of the stated-owned forest region's development.Thinks that the management system defect is the most important problem.Based on the afterthought on forestland use specialization theory under present circumstances,thinking it is absolute insufficient that we merely study conflicts and problems from the views of the forest or forestry on the stated-owned forest region's development.We want to innovate the development theory.The new theory is the division of the stated-owned forest region.The division of the stated-owned forest region is management function division of the forest region according to concept and principle of forestry specialization,so that the construct of ecological system,economical system and social system achieve specialization of management.


Small RNA extracted from regularly cultured IGROV-1/CP cells was used to construct a cDNA library.The cDNAs derived from small RNA were sequenced using an illumina general sequencing platform.Redundant sequences were removed and the sequences were intercompared against the known miRNA database to profile the expressed miRNAs in IGROV-1/CP cells.The acquired sequences were filtered using parameters:length difference of no more than 2 and no mismatched base as compared with miRNA sequences in the database.53 known miRNAs were found,in which 56.6% miRNAs were of low relative abundance and their sequences were repeatedly observed less than ten times in the cRNA library.The results indicated that the miRNAs sequences and their relative abundance information could be detected by illumina general sequencing technology at the same measurement.According to this new technology,the miRNA species and their relative abundance in IGROV-1/CP cells were obtained.


The mechanical load emulator is a device that is used to emulate a rotating mechanical load for electric motors. It consists of a DC generator that is connected to a programmable electronic load. The emulator can simulate three types of loads: constant-torque loads (T=K 1), traction loads (T=K2omegam), and pump loads (T=K3omegam 2). The mechanical load emulator may be used for motor testing or instructional purposes


New guidance for health professionals providing remote advice and treatment, a relatively new and growing area, summarises current standards and guidance for providers in England, Wales, Scotland a...


Presidents Enrique Peña Nieto and Barack Obama have already met several times. They have coincided at different trilateral and multilateral forums, among them the North American Leaders Summit in Toluca, Mexico, in 2014, and g20 meetings. Shortly before taking office, in November 2012, President-elect Peña Nieto visited Obama. At that brief cordial meeting, he presented his reform program and received the confirmation that Vice-president Biden would attend his inauguration on December 1 of that year. Mexico-U.S. relationS


Georg Buchner's (1813-1837) literary oeuvre contains numerous reminiscences of the knowledge he gleaned at school, notably in history, philosophy, classical literature and art, German literature, art history, and natural history. On the basis of the uniquely extensive material that has come down to us from his schooldays (in exercise books amounting to almost 700 pages), the sources of that material, and the schoolbooks used at his grammar school in Darmstadt, the study reconstructs and documents the subject matter dealt with in class and the developments of Buchner's work techniques. "


The invention relates to the field of kitchenware, in particular to a manual bun cutting machine. According to the technical scheme, the manual bun cutting machine consists of a cutter blade plate, a spring tube, an upper clamping plate and a lower clamping plate. The cutter blade plate is provided with ten cutter blades. One end of the cutter blade plate is provided with the spring tube and connected with the upper clamping plate through a bearing, and one end of the cutter blade plate is rotatable. Two clamping plate columns are fixed below the upper clamping plate. The two clamping plate columns penetrate into the lower clamping plate. The distance between the two clamping plates is controlled through a screw.


Mechanisms of the acid-mediated dissociation of two mixed chelate complexes, bis(acetylacetonato)ethylenediamine and acetylacetonatobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(m) ions have been investigated spectrophotometrically. In the presence of perchloric acid the first complex dissociates to cobaltous ion, free ethylenediamine, free acetylacetone and oxidised products of acetylacetone. The dissociation follows an acid-assisted path. Rate constant (k 0 b 5) for the complexes have been evaluated. A mechanism has been proposed for the first complex. Numerous studies on the kinetics of acid-catalysed dis sociation of chelate complexes of cobalt(m) are available in the literature 1-5. For flexible basic bidentate ligands, protonation of the bound ligand leads to its dissociation 6. for protonation the ligands overall multidentate amines and oxalato 7-10 or carbonato ligands. Trisethylenediaminecobalt(m) complex with H+ ion to lead a catalysed reaction. of one ethylenediamine or the the Acid-catalysed dissociation


The invention discloses a method for realizing multi-operating system selective start of intelligent embedded equipment. Firstly, multi-operating system partitions are divided for a user in a storage, an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) flag bit operating function and loading start functions written for each operating system are added to U-Boot, an operating system start menu is set in QT environment, an operating system is selected from the operating system start menu, so as to be started, the EEPROM flag bit operating function is invoked by the U-Boot, so as to read a flag bit of the operating system, and the loading start function of the operating system corresponding to the flag bit is invoked, so as to start the operating system. According to the method, a switching management system is independent of the U-Boot, the defect that the U-Boot cannot manage hardware in all directions is made up, and a more comprehensive interaction function can be provided, so that function extension is facilitated.


In exploration for natural gas hydrates, drilling, coring and well logging are the most important access to make deep understanding of the nature of hydrate reservoirs, besides the seismic prospecting methods. Because of the harsh conditions for hydrate stability and the complex of occurrence formations, the drilling and coring generally have a great difficulty and high cost. Therefore, the well logging becomes the priority method. The resistivity and sonic logging method, which were applied as the earliest logging method in the evaluation of hydrate reserviors, have been continuously applied ever since and the evaluation results derived from them have a relative accuracy and reliability. Other logging tools, such as borehole imaging, density, electromagnetic, nuclear magnetic resonance, etc. are also used to make integrated interpretation and evaluation for the hydrate reservoirs. Until now the applied porosity and hydrate saturation evaluation models are better suitable to the homogeneous reservoirs. However, they still need to be amended or improved for the anisotropism (e.g., fracture sediment) and shale-rich reservoirs. In addition, the external factors such as drilling fluid washout and invasion will also affect the well logging results. The combination of various well logging methods is an effective way to improve the accuracy of identification and quantification of hydrate reservoirs.


A film thickness probe based on capacitance measurements has been developed which is used to measure the liquid film thickness on both the upper and lower surface of a horizontal tube containing a two‐phase mixture. Using appropriate nondimensionalization of the capacitance versus film thickness relationship, a new method has been developed in which the sensor may be used in temperature‐dependent flow fields. The liquid film thickness probe was calibrated at room temperature and tested in a refrigerant R113 flow boiling facility over a 60 °C temperature span. Measurements made over a film thickness range of 25 mm using the capacitance probe are in close agreement with optical measurements made with a charge coupled device camera. In addition, spectral analysis of the probe signal allows for a trace of the low‐frequency characteristics of the liquid film.


The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling an injector in a fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine. Using a first calibration method (200), based on the control parameters, Injector parameters characterizing the injection process is determined, determined based on the injector parameters, the first characteristic value for calibrating the injector (M1) is It is. Using the second calibration method (M2), based on the engine parameters (N), a second characteristic value for calibrating the injector (M2) is determined, based on the second characteristic value, the first the method of calibration is monitored.


According to the research framework of "capability-network-knowledge sharing", this research collected 260 alliance enterprises' data through the questionnaire, and deeply analysed the relationship mechanism between enterprise resource integration ability, alliance network and knowledge sharing, and conclusions are follows: (1) enterprise resource integration capability has positive impact on knowledge sharing. Resource utilization and allocation capabilities have significant effects on the quality and scope of knowledge sharing. Resource acquisition capability has a significant impact on the scope of knowledge sharing. (2) Alliance network (centrality position and relationship strength) has a positive impact on knowledge sharing (the quality and scope of knowledge sharing), and plays a mediating role in resource integration and knowledge sharing. In other words, resource integration capability can affect the alliance network and furthermore can affect knowledge sharing. Published by CSP © 2020 the Authors 162 resources from different sources, levels, structures and contents, so as to make them more flexible, orderly, systematic and valuable, forming a new core resource system , which are deeply affected by Resource Integration Ability . Therefore, the sharing of knowledge resources is an important link in the allocation of enterprise resources, and the degree of sharing must be closely related to it. The ability of resource integration has an important impact on the sharing of knowledge. This paper is a reference of the research results by GE & Dongjiu , who proposed that the ability of resource integration is the ability to identify, acquire, allocate and utilize resources in the process of development which also clear and defines the four dimensions of the Resource Integration Ability: the ability to identify resources, the ability to acquire resources, the ability to allocate resources and the ability to use resources. Previous studies have shown that the alliance network can transfer resources and information faster and more effectively. Knowledge as an important enterprise resource can be transferred and shared by Alliance Network . Therefore, the use of knowledge resources embedded in the alliance network is particularly important . However, not all enterprises embedded in the alliance network will share their own knowledge or technology, because of the purpose of embedding in the alliance network, the strength of the relationship with other network members, and the location in the alliance are different, the effect of knowledge sharing is not the same. Based on this, this paper proposes the following assumptions and theoretical models (as shown in Figure 1): H1: Resource Integration Ability has a positive effect on knowledge sharing. H2: Resource Integration Ability has a positive effect on the alliance network. H3: Alliance Network has a positive effect on knowledge sharing. H4: Alliance Network plays an intermediary role in Resource Integration Ability and Knowledge Sharing. Resource integration capability Identification Ability


Abstract The heat capacity of 160 g of diamonds has been measured in the temperature range 12·8° to 277°k with estimated accuracies of ±20% at 13°k, ±6% at 20°k, ±0·8% at 100°k and ±0·2% for T200°k. Fitting of the results in the region T<θd/20 to the low temperature expansion for the heat capacity gives θ0 = 2219 ± 20°k; this agrees excellently with θ (elastic) = 2240 ± 5°k, derived from elastic constants determined by McSkimin and Bond. Down to 75°k the results are in reasonable agreement with earlier measurements of DeSorbo, but at lower temperatures an anomaly reported by DeSorbo has not been confirmed.


In this study, to estimate the local temperature changes caused by a thick blood vessel, the temperature distribution in a tissue phantom with a thick blood vessel during focused ultrasound irradiation was measured by a thermal imaging method. The blood flow rate in the simulated blood vessel was varied and the relationship between flow rate and temperature decrease was examined. The phantom using the thermal imaging method is divided into two parts, and the increases in temperature distribution as a function of blood flow rate are measured using a thermocamera under constant ultrasound irradiation. The irradiation conditions of ultrasound waves were a central frequency of 1 MHz, a wave number length of 200 cycles, and a duty ratio of 0.2. The irradiation duration was 5 min, and the ultrasound intensity ISPTA was 36 W/cm2. The amount of temperature decrease caused by the cooling effect of blood flow increased with the blood flow rate and it became constant at a certain threshold of blood flow rate. The threshold of blood flow rate is about 250 ml/min.


Abstract Economic history as a subject is customarily likened on formal occasions to a landbridge uniting two scholarly continents: the economic and the historical. It can also be said that the subject is marked by two peculiarities. For more than a century it has stood outside mainstream economics, been an alternative, a subterranean current. In the same way it has always had to struggle in a subordinate relation to the subject of pure history, whether the latter called itself political history or purported to be capable of covering the entire field of history by itself. With this background in mind, it is above all interesting to ask oneself how the subject of economic history has been able to establish so strong and independent a position in Sweden.1


Annual medics can play an important role as a pasture crop in short-rotation pasture-cropping systems in the Overberg district of South Africa. Permanent soil cover, an important aspect of conservation agriculture, and different crops in rotation may be, amongst other factors, detrimental to annual medic re-establishment and production. A field study was conducted to test re-establishment and subsequent production of medic pasture under varying degrees of cover (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% cover) from wheat, barley, oats and annual medic residues. Medic pastures showed the highest re-establishment and production if following wheat in a cropping system. The re-establishment and production of annual medics did not differ significantly from 0% to 75% cover, whilst 100% cover decreased re-establishment and production significantly.


This work describes a simple and economical experiment for the extraction and purification of chlorophyll a from Spirulina maxima. Extraction and purification of natural compounds can be considered one of the most illustrative experiments that can be performed in Organic Chemistry courses. Particularly, the chromatography of dyes and pigments allows students to have a better comprehension of the chromatography separations. These compounds represent an important class of organic pigments applied in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, detergent compositions, and various other fields and can be extracted from plants and algae. To extract, separate and purify chlorophyll a from associated pigments such as xanthophylls, carotenes, and pheophytins, very costly processes are reported. The present approach is perfectly adequate for use in Chemistry experiments for undergraduate students.


Combine to water and drain of civil air-defence project,the Design point and focus attention on water and drain design and fire control design of civil air-defence were explored,the method The door of the explosion-proof set on shrunk and drainage pipes were introduced,these provide reference for water and drain design of civil air-defence.


The purpose of the study was to understand the "influence of the supplementation of oral iron (Chis-Paz) on hemoglobin levels in children aged 3 and 4 years from the "San Jose School in Tena's "San Antonio" neighborhood. The design was: longitudinal, application, descriptive, bibliographic and field. Blood tests were 74 mothers were also interviewed to obtain relevant information on the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the research subjects. Following the administration of the Chis-Paz, the levels of hemoglobin were compared. The most relevant results showed male children at 62.12% and female children at 37.88%; the predominant age group corresponded to 4-year-olds with 59.46% and 3-year-olds at 40.54%; the predominate ethnic group was the indigenous at 64.86% and mestizos with 35.15%. 20.27% of the children presented with low hemoglobin levels prior to supplementation with iron (Chis-Paz); 6.76% of the children registered at these levels post supplementation with iron. The nursing intervention plan consisted of the taking of pre-supplementation blood samples, educational activities, the delivery of oral iron (Chis Paz), and taking post supplementation blood samples. In conclusion, the study demonstrated that the supplementation of iron (Chis-Paz) had a positive influence on the hemoglobin levels of the child subjects of the investigation that contributed to overcoming the statistics of anemia presented at the beginning of the investigation.

Keywords: Supplementation, Oral Iron, Hemoglobin, 3 and 4-year-old children


The temperature of flue gas vented from shell type oil/gas-fired boiler is usually too high,it can′t meet the requirement about energy saving and emission reducing.However,the heat exchanger can be applied in the boiler to improve it′s heat efficiency and reduce it′s energy consumption.


A path for the expeditious development of D- 3 He fusion for terresial and space power is discussed. The availability of lunar 3 He resources makes this a key opportunity for future space exploration. A relatively rapid development path appears feasible based alternate fusion confinement concepts combined with the simplified technology required for small plants. D- 3 He benefits (vs. conventional D-T fusion) include full-lifetime materials, reduced radiation damage, less activation, absence of tritium breeding blankets, highly efficient direct energy conversion, easier maintenance, and proliferation resistance. To illustrate the potential for D- 3 He propulsion systems, a recent conceptual design for deep space propulsion based on inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion, "Fusion Ship II". is reviewed.


The estimated one million Australians with type 2 diabetes face significant risks of morbidity and premature mortality. Inadequate diabetes self‐management is associated with poor glycaemic control, which is further impaired by comorbid dysphoria. Regular access to ongoing self‐management and psychological support is limited, especially in rural and regional locations. Web‐based interventions can provide complementary support to patients' usual care. Semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with two samples that comprised (a) 13 people with type 2 diabetes and (b) 12 general practitioners (GPs). Interviews explored enablers and barriers to self‐care, emotional challenges, needs for support, and potential web‐based programme components. Patients were asked about the potential utility of a web‐based support programme, and GPs were asked about likely circumstances of patient referral to it. Thematic analysis was used to summarise responses. Most perceived facilitators and barriers to self‐management were similar across the groups. Both groups highlighted the centrality of dietary self‐management, valued shared decision‐making with health professionals, and endorsed the idea of web‐based support. Some emotional issues commonly identified by patients varied to those perceived by GPs, resulting in different attributions for impaired self‐care. A web‐based programme that supported self‐management and psychological/emotional needs appears likely to hold promise in yielding high acceptability and perceived utility.


Through the Water Framework Directive (WFD) the European countries started producing integrated river basin management plans with the basic objective to achieve "good status" of water bodies by 2015. The main aims of these plans are to identify procedures for combating the deterioration or overexploitation of water resources in the territory of each member state. In the first phase of this initiative and in particular in the first improved river basin plans expected within the next 5 years, the water quality models are expected to play an important role, not only for assessing water quality and detecting trends of water quality parameters, but for identifying the impact on water quality of the various potential alternative actions included in the programme of measures of each plan. Today several water quality models exist and have been applied in many regions of the world serving various purposes. It is the aim of this paper to present in brief the most popular water quality models for rivers and streams which are currently available. An additional objective of the paper is to assess the capacities of these models for addressing the requirements of WFD. From the variety of models, the following selected water quality models are briefly presented and discussed: DRAINMOD, ECM, MIKE-11, MONERIS, SIMCAT, TOMCAT, TOPCAT and QUAL2K. Finally, the paper identifies the tendency of construction of the new generation water quality models.


An analytical system, in which a combination of two-stage HPLC and field ionization-mass spectrometry (FI-MS) are used and the results being processed with a computer, was applied to obtaining information on main chemical components contained in vacuum residue derived from crude oil. In the present study, a high degree of analytical accuracy, more so than in case of coal tar or coal derived liquids, should be strived for, because vacuum residue contains more complex chemical components. The sample oil, vacuum residue derived from Arabian crude oil, was preseparated into 4 fractions by HPLC on silica gel columns, followed by further separation into totally 22 subfractions on cyano columns or ion-exchange resins. The data obtained from FI-MS analysis of all subfractions were presented in a tabular form with 14 columns by the computer so that members of any homologous series appear in the same column. The components in sample oils were classified into identifiable 75 compound classes. Based on these analytical data, the ratio of elements, number average molecular weight and aromaticity of the vacuum residue were calculated, which values being compared with measured values in order to evaluate the validity of the present analytical system.


A new modeling study shows how the density of the thermosphere influences the paths of satellites in low Earth orbit.


High crop N use efficiency is desirable for reducing the cost and reliance on fertilizer N, and it may help reduce ground water pollution. The objectives of this study were to (i) characterize and compare the seasonal trends in nitrate reductase activity (NRA) of seven grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] genotypes of tropical and U.S. origin, (ii) determine how NRA is related to total plant N, dry matter, grain yield, and N use efficiency, and (iii) examine how NRA and plant N accumulation affect N use efficiency for biomass (NUE 1 ) and grain production (NUE 2 ). The genotypes were evaluated in field trials in 1994 and 1996 at applied N levels of 0 and 100 N kg ha -1 on a Sharpsburg silty clay loam soil (fine, smectitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll). Plant biomass, reduced N, NRA, NUE 1 , and NUE 2 were determined at three growth stages (vegetative, anthesis, and physiological maturity). Genotypes did not differ for NRA at either N level; however, there was a definite tendency for the four tropical lines and two U.S. adapted lines to have greater NRA values at all growth stages than the one hybrid. Nitrate reductase activity decreased throughout the growing season, with the sharpest decline from anthesis to maturity. Nitrate reductase activity did not correlate with grain yield or shoot biomass, but did correlate with grain N concentration. Shoot and grain N concentration correlated with NUE 1 , while grain and shoot N contents and shoot N concentration were correlated with NUE 2 . Neither NUE 1 nor NUE 2 were significantly affected by the NRA level. Tropical lines had greater preanthesis N uptake accumulation (1.45 g plant -1 ) and greater NUE 1 than the hybrid (0.90 g plant -1 ) and U.S. adapted lines (0.73 g plant -1 ). In terms of grain N use efficiency, the hybrid had a 14% greater value than U.S. adapted lines and a 17% greater value than the tropical lines. It appears that NRA is not a factor that limited N accumulation and use efficiency in grain sorghum.


Using data from the AFDC Homemaker-Home Health Aide Demonstration, a welfare training program which had an experimental design, a method of evaluation is developed for possible application in a nonexperimental setting, where random assignment is not available. Two techniques to control for selection bias are pursued. One uses applicants as the source of one or more comparison groups, which effectively controls for the self-selection process of volunteering. The other uses the subjective ranking of suitability of applicants by program administrators; although crudely measured, this variable takes into account administrative selection procedures. The subjective ranking is added to the more conventional list of independent variables. Two nonexperimental applicant groups, those who were screened out and those who dropped out, appear sufficiently similar to the control group in predicted earnings in the two postprogram years to indicate that the procedure has promise. IRS data are used to measure earnings in the years that preceded, overlapped, and followed the training program. Using Data on Applicants to Training Programs to Measure the Program's Effect on Earnings I. DEALING WITH SELECTION BIAS IN NONEXPERIMENTAL EVALUATIONS The main purpose of this paper is to propose and examine a method of evaluation research in a nonexperimental setting, in which the advantage of random assignment to treatment and control groups is not available. Another purpose is to use earnings data from the Internal Revenue Service to measure the program's impact over a longer postprogram period than is commonly available with survey data. The IRS data, in conjunction with data from a previous evaluation of the training program, permit measures of the impact of the program using nonexperimental comparison groups as alternatives to a randomly assigned control group. In nonexperimental evaluations it is widely recognized that persons in comparison groups are likely to differ from program participants in unobserved ways that influence earnings, as a result of the process used to select participants in the program. Although labor economists have applied increasingly sophisticated econometric methods to deal with this problem of selectivity bias, there remains no agreement on which nonexperimental methods, if any, yield valid evaluations. 1 Our proposed method is to model the selection process to take account of the systematic factors that determine who receives the treatment and who does not. By including the variables that systematically determine selection in the model that estimates the treatment effect on the outcome, all excluded variables may be assumed to be, on average, independent of the treatment variable. If the assumption holds, the estimate of the treatment effect should be unbiased. Our application of the method uses data from an experimentally designed evaluation of the AFDC Homemaker-Home Health Aide Demonstration, a training program for women who were AFDC recipients. Information was collected on characteristics of 11,000 program applicants. The 2 women who were selected for the program were trained as homemaker-home health aides to infirm elderly persons in demonstration projects in seven states in the period from 1983 to 1986. 2 Selection bias has two major sources, self-selection and administrative selection. We suggest below several reasons why an evaluation that uses as a comparison group applicants who did not subsequently participate in the training program may reduce the selection bias relative to a comparison group taken from an external data source, such as the Current Population Survey of the Bureau of the Census. In our study the women who applied for training were, as are most applicants, self-selected. Thus, those who did not participate in the training program had in common with the trainees this attribute of volunteering. In some cases volunteering may be a response to particular earnings and employment experiences of the applicants. For example, it has been widely documented that the average earnings of trainees tend to show a "pre-program dip" in the survey year before the training program begins. (See Ashenfelter and Card, 1985, and the studies they cite.) Another similarity among the applicants is their location in the same local labor market. Comparisons between program participants and persons from external data sources are vulnerable to the criticism that particular circumstances of the time and place of the program's setting and the particular personal characteristics of the participants will cause the participants to have quite different postprogram labor market experiences from those of a comparison group chosen from an external source. The information available in survey sources is unlikely to permit matching on these particularities. Selection from the applicant group into the program, which is usually determined by program administrators, is a second source of selection bias. In our data a subjectively determined ranking of the applicants in terms of their "suitability" or "potential" for succeeding in the training program was used by program administrators as a criterion for selecting applicants into the training program. 3 This 3 ranking variable offers an unusual opportunity to model the administrator's selection process in a way that accounts for the subjective factors that determine selection in addition to the use of various objective measures that are conventionally available in survey data. Applicants who were screened as eligible for the training program were randomly assigned to a treatment (trainee) group and a control group. About 16 percent of those selected for the treatment group did not attend, a group we label as No Shows. Those who entered the program are called Participants. The program consisted of four to eight weeks of training and up to a year of subsidized work experience providing home care to elderly patients. The random selection process for Controls requires that their outcomes (primarily employment and earnings) be compared to the experiences of the combined group of Participants and No Shows. Although the participants in training programs are ultimately the group of interest, there is no accepted way of matching the Controls with the Participants. Expressed differently, it would be necessary to model the selection process that distinguished the No Shows from the Participants to be able to interpret the Controls as a valid comparison group for the Participants. We do not, however, have specific information about the self-selection that determined the decision of the No Shows to pass up the training. Arguments can be made either for negative selection, such as having low motivation, or for positive selection, such as having found a preferred job. As we show below, the mean values of the subjective rankings and of a variety of objective characteristics among the No Shows, Participants, and Controls are similar. The remaining applicants in the sample fall into three groups: those who were rejected by the screening process (Screen Outs), those who dropped out before the screening process was completed, and a relatively small number whom we termed "not elsewhere classified" (NEC). In this paper we combine the latter two groups and label them Drop Outs. (Since the NEC group was not selected for the experiment and has no record of being screened out, we presume that they dropped out before an 4 administrative decision about their status was made.) Clearly, it is the Screen Outs for whom the subjective ranking of their suitability for the program provides a direct measure, although not a full measure, of the determinants of selection. In contrast, we have no specific information about why the residual group dropped out, and, like the No Shows, their reasons for dropping out may reflect negative or positive selection factors. II. THE DATA AND THE REGRESSION MODEL FOR ESTIMATION The program outcome of interest (dependent variable) for this analysis is annual earnings, obtained from the Internal Revenue Service for the years 1984 to 1988. These years cover most of the period of the training program, which, given the different timings of admission periods across the seven states, span the last months in 1983 and the first months in 1986. Importantly, the IRS data for 1987 and 1988 give us two full years of postprogram experience for all trainees. To protect the confidentiality of the data, the IRS provides mean earnings (and standard deviations) for grouped data consisting of a minimum of 10 persons. The individual records from the training project were linked to the IRS data by social security numbers. For reasons of convenience in data processing, our grouped data, 1,006 units, contain between 10 and 19 persons, and the average group size is 11.1. All groups are homogeneous with respect to the six applicant groups (including those who were "not elsewhere classified"), and most are homogeneous with respect to race (Hispanic-White, Black, and White) and the subjective ranking variable. Four values of the subjective rank of an applicant were used by the program administrators: 1 = most suitable for acceptance , 2 = suitable, 3 = less suitable, an d 4 = least suitable. Homogeneity of a characteristic within a group maximizes the variance in the mean values of that characteristic across all 1,006 groups, which will increase the reliability of the estimated effect (coefficient) of that characteristic on the earnings outcome. 5 The IRS earnings are the only earnings information we have for the two nonexperimental groups, Screen Outs and Drop Outs. For the experimental groups we determined that the IRS earnings and the earnings from the survey carried out for the evaluation of the experiment are quite similar for periods of overlap. For 1985, the most complete year for an overlap between the two data sources, the mean survey earnings exceeded the mean IRS earnings by 2 percent. A nota


The method for calculation of RKR-potentials of internuclear interaction in diatomic molecules is submitted. The method is based on the combination of numerical and analytical computer methods. Internuclear interaction potentials for 32 electronic conditions of 2 N , 2 N + , 2 C , CO , CO + and CN molecules, representing practical interest for problems of aerophysics of interplanetary space vehicles, are calculated. The full set of spectral information for calculation of the potential curves, which can be used for unequivocal comparison of the results received by different methods, is presented.


The fundamental transmitting characteristics of an imperfectly conducting circular-loop antenna are investigated theoretically. To obtain the antenna-current distribution, a mathematically simpler method based on a differential equation for the loop current is first developed. Next, an existing, more general method based on an integral equation for the distribution of current is applied with modification and solved numerically with a digital computer. Knowing the current distribution, one can easily find the driving-point impedance. The results of both methods are compared for the case of uniform resistive loading, and they are found to be in good agreement. Some additional numerical examples showing the effect of nonuniform reactive loading on the driving-point impedance are also included. The outcome of this research should provide useful information for the design of broadband circular-loop antennas.


An integral approach for finding global minimizer of mixed programming problem is proposed. Towards this goal, a Q-measure space is preliminarily constructed. Some properties of the method are examined in this paper. Furthermore, optimality conditions and algorithm are given. And some numerical tests are reported to show the the feasibility of the method.


The electric energy supply system is in a steady transformation process. During this process, operational concepts of transmission system operators are influenced as well. One of these concepts is redispatch, which is affected by the increasing installed power of renewable energy sources and the operation of backup power plants. Thus, the importance of considering the flexibility of conventional power plants when optimizing redispatch measures is permanently increasing. This paper introduces a time-series based redispatch optimization that considers important dynamic parameters of conventional power plants. The influence of the dynamic parameters on the redispatch result is shown based on a test scenario. Moreover, the scalability of the proposed model is evaluated by a sensitivity analysis. The model can be solved for optimization problems of a scale that is typical for redispatch problems in Germany in around 25 min and thus can be applied for further analysis.


A new formulation is presented for the analysis of multireservoir systems, based on the development of first and second moment expressions for the stochastic storage state variables. These expressions give explicit consideration to the maximum and minimum storage bounds in the reservoir system, a feature not incorporated in some existing formulations based on traditional control theory. Using this analysis, expected values of the storage states, variances of storage, release policies, reliability levels, and failure probabilities (useful information in the context of reservoir operations and design) can be obtained from a nonlinear programming solution. The approach does not involve any discretization of the system variables. The results for the means and standard deviations of the storage states for a multireservoir system compare favorably with those obtained from simulation.


The relationship of strong earthquakes with layers of the Earth's crust in the Azerbaijani sector of the South Caspian Basin was analyzed based on the data of recent geophysical studies. Based on a map of earthquakes and seismic profiles the objective laws of distribution of earthquakes along the area and the depth were studied. The northern boundary of the South Caspian basin differs by high seismic activity. According to the modern depth data, it is possible to assume that the observed seismicity is associated with the processes, resulted from subduction of the consolidated crust of SCB beneath the Epihercynian platform, established by the materials of ultra-deep seismometry.


A rationale and procedure for estimating agricultural productivity of private farmers in a USAID Extension Project in Ukraine are presented, and the estimated productivity for agricultural commodities grown by farmers participating in the Project in 2001 calculated as a benchmark measure. Crop and livestock production, farm input, and price data are presented to support the estimate. Analysis of the influence of personal, demographic, and farming characteristics on agricultural productivity using multiple regression showed farm size, land titling, and number of farming land locations to be significant. Both limitations and positive aspects of the estimate as an indicator of agricultural productivity are indicated. A refinement of the measure during the course of the Project is anticipated as additional economic data are gathered. The authors believe that the estimate is a practical and simple means of documenting an economic indicator of performance at the benchmark stage of the Project, and, despite its limitations, suggest its review and use by extension educators who have to document economic impact of education programs. AIAEE 2003 Proceedings of the 19 Annual Conference Raleigh, North Carolina, USA


The invention relates to a method for operating an air spinning machine with several spinning stations (1), each spinning station (1) comprises at least one spinning nozzle (2) with an inner swirl chamber (6), wherein the spinneret (2) during operation of the spinning station (1 ) a fiber composite (4) via an inlet (5) of the spinneret (2) is supplied, wherein the spinneret (2) having a plurality of opening out (in the vortex chamber 6) air nozzles (9) via which during operation of the air spinning machine, the compressed air in the vortex chamber (6) flows to create a swirling airflow within the vortex chamber (6), wherein the fiber composite (4) within the vortex chamber (6) receives a rotation by means of the eddy air flow, so that from the fiber composite (4), a yarn (3 ) is formed, which ultimately (via an outlet 8) leaves the spinneret (2), and wherein the air spinning machine comprises an additive supply (10), by means of which during operation of the air spinning machine at least a part of the spinning stations (1) at least at times, an additive (11) is supplied. wherein said additive (11) before leaving the additive supply (10) is degassed according to the invention it is proposed that a liquid additive (11) is used. In addition, an air spinning machine will be described with a degassing device (12).


Naive users experience difficulty in complex, multi-layered, menu driven, interactive computer environments.
User computer interaction in information bases centers around accessing (as opposed to altering) information. User activities consist chiefly of searching and browsing. Effective interaction requires that the user be well oriented, i.e. understand the geography of the environment and how to navigate within it.
A pilot study examined the influence of graphic navigation aids on user performance in information seeking activities. Subjects were observed using two forms of aid. The graphic aid was a set of four arrows representing the cursor control keys on an IBM PC keyboard pointing towards labels identifying the contents of logically adjacent frames. The non-graphic aid was a set of function keys supported by text.
The hypothesis proposed was: subjects using a graphic aid will retrieve information differently from subjects using a non-graphic aid.
Although the total number of subjects in the current pilot study was too small to allow statistically valid inferences, this study illustrated how this hypothesis might be tested.
The results of a nondirectional t-test of task performance times for the illustrative sample indicated no significant difference between the performance of subjects in each group.
However, plots of task performance scores and group means revealed a decrease in retrieval time from task to task for subjects in both groups with a slight edge for SP subjects in overall faster information retrieval scores.
This suggests that further research should be conducted to test whether the two navigation aids are, in fact, comparable. Given the limitations imposed by the sample size, the graphic aid seemed to allow subjects to perform at least as well as the non-graphic aid, suggesting that a graphic aid may be an effective alternative guide for moving between displays.


Background: Cancer incidence and mortality rates are increasing globally. Recently, the use of complementary therapies in Oncology, such as music-based interven tions, has increased remarkably. Objective: To assess the effects of recorded music on pulse an d blood pressure levels, as well as on the quality of life of cancer patients, who received intravenous c hemotherapy in one day. Methodology: The study was based on a pre and post-test design w ithout randomization. It was conducted in the Chemotherapy Day Unit of a Military Hospital in Ath ens, Greece. The control group (n=17), consisting o f persons who did not like music, received intravenous chemot herapy, while the intervention group (n=17), those who liked music, listened to recorded music for 20 minutes du ring chemotherapy. An electronic sphygmomanometer, a demographic-music data questionnaire and the Greek v rsion of SF-12v2 were used. Results: The experimental group patients had a statistically significant increase in Mental Health Component Summary score (p=.031), Role Emotional score (p=.00 9) and Mental Health score (p=.038). Physical Healt h Component Summary score as well as pulse and blood pressure scores, were not differed significantly be twe n groups. Non-metastatic cancer patients had a signif ica tly larger decrement in systolic blood pressure , in comparison to metastatic cancer ones (p=.031). Conclusions: Listening to music may improve quality of life, esp cially mental health of cancer patients submitted to intravenous chemotherapy. It is a simple, noninv asive and an inexpensive intervention as well. Nurs es may integrate music listening in Chemotherapy Day Units as a complementary therapeutic choice.


User privacy is widely affected by the occurrence of privacy-invasive software (PIS) on the Internet. We present a computer forensic investigation method for detecting and analysing PIS. In an experiment we use this method to evaluate both the evolution of PIS and associated countermeasures, over a four year period. Background information on both PIS and countermeasure techniques are also presented, followed by discussions on legal disputes between developers of PIS and vendors of countermeasures.


Improving the effect of power quality monitoring and management is very important in resolving the power quality problem.To overcome some disadvantages of the current power quality monitoring device and management system,in this paper,a power quality monitoring and manage system combined with virtual instrument and ASP technology is developed.This system meets the requirements of consumers for monitoring local network、data sharing and management.


Abstract Soft and hard composites of ferrites with compositional formula (NiFe2O4)100-x – (BaFe12O19)x (where x = 0,20,50,60,80,100) were prepared using sol-gel method. The samples were calcined individually at 900 °C and composites in the required proportions were sintered at 1100 °C in a conventional furnace. The coexistence of NiFe2O4 and BaFe12O19 composites has been confirmed by the X-ray diffraction studies and found to be without any impurities. Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffractograms corroborates hexagonal phase with P63/mmc space group for Barium hexaferrite and cubic phase with Fd-3m:2 space group for Nickle ferrite. The surface morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the micrographs are observed to indicate well distributed grains in the exchange coupled composites. Grains of nano-size about 100–300 nm are formed for the composites. The magnetic properties have been studied by VSM and electric properties were studied by measuring the dielectric constant at room temperature. UV; FTIR studies of the samples are exhibiting fundamental absorption bands.


e11536 Background: Some early breast cancer patients with hormone receptor positive (HR+) disease may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in addition to hormonal therapy. Most guidelines recommend the addition of adjuvant chemotherapy for majority of women, leading to overtreatment causing considerable morbidity and cost. There has been recent incorporation of gene expression analysis to help aid in adjuvant chemotherapy decision making. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of Oncotype DX-guided treatment as compared to treatment guided by Adjuvant! Online program.

METHODS
A Markov model was developed to compare the cost- effectiveness of treatment guided by either Oncotype DX or Adjuvant! Online in a cohort of 50-year-old women with HR+, lymph node negative breast cancer over a lifetime horizon. We assumed women assessed to be high risk all received chemotherapy followed by tamoxifen, and that those assessed to be low risk received tamoxifen only. The model took a health care payer's perspective with results reported in 2008 Canadian dollars ($). Event rates, costs and utilities were derived from the literature. Both costs and benefits were discounted at 5%. Sensitivity analysis for key parameters in the model was conducted. Outcome measures were life year gained, quality- adjusted life years (QALYs), lifetime costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs).

RESULTS
For a 50-year-old woman, Oncotype DX-guided treatment was associated with an incremental lifetime cost of $4,200 and a gain in 0.067 QALY, with an ICER of $61,800/QALY compared with treatment guided by Adjuvant! ICER was positively correlated to the cost of Oncotype DX and the age of patients. Results were most sensitive to probabilities relating to risk categorization and recurrence rate.

CONCLUSIONS
Relative to Adjuvant!-guided treatment, Oncotype DX-guided treatment appears cost-effective with an ICER of $61,800/QALY from a Canadian health care perspective. [Table: see text].


We present analysis of factors that de-motivate software practitioners from supporting software process improvement (SPI) initiatives, using a multidimensional scaling (MDS) technique. Our findings...


Among other tests, shear tests of glue lines are required in the course of quality control measures to be carried out in glulam plants. The procedures to be followed are given in different standards like for example EN 392:1995 and ISO 12579:2006. In most of the standards the method of applying shear stress to the glue line is only given by a principle scheme. Based on this scheme a variety of test equipment has been produced and is in use by materials testing laboratories, glulam manufacturers and producers of adhesives. Depending on the actual construction of the test equipment as well as on the procedure of testing, the resulting stress in the glue line is not pure shear but rather a combination of shear and normal stresses. In case of simultaneously acting shear stress and tensile stress perpendicular to the grain, the shear strength values can drop dramatically, whereas compression stresses perpendicular to the grain lead to an overestimation of the shear strength of the bond line. Starting from an explanation of the multiaxial stress situation by static equilibrium analysis, parameters are identified which influence the test results. To avoid the statically indeterminate loading situation, a prototype of a shear test device has been developed aiming to ensure a clearly defined state of shear loading of the specimens. Extensive test results on the comparison of the prototype device with the established one in terms of shear strengths and percentages of wood failure are presented and discussed.


The Super Maximum Scurity Penitentiary is a new Technical Implementation Unit in the ranks of prisons, which functions specifically to foster Terrorist prisoners or other high risk prisoners, the difference between this institution compared to other Correctional UPTs is that the security is very tight with one person and one prisoner cell. and the method of guidance provided to prisoners in Super Maximum Scurity (SMS) Lapas is different from other prison guidance. The issues raised in this researchare: How is the implementation of coaching terrorist prisoners in Super Maximum Security Prison based on Regulation of the Minister of Law and Human Rights No. 35 of 2018? And how is the development of terrorist inmates at Super Maximim Security Prison from a prison perspective? The theory used is by using coaching theory and descriptive qualitative research methods by direct interviews with officers of the Super Maximum Security (SMS) prison. Based on the results of the research, it is found that in the development of Terrorist inmates at the Super Maximum Security Prison, because in the implementation of the guidance, the difficulty of the prisoners' movement cannot be directly fostered by the officers having to regulate. Then coaching in terms of the goals of the correctional system can be reviewed because it is different from the goals of different systems, so it requires the best thinking and solutions so that coaching can be carried out in accordance with the objectives of the correctional system, namely prisoners are aware of mistakes, improve themselves and no longer commit acts that violate the law , are accepted by the community and can be active and productive in development and able to live their lives as good and responsible citizens.


Jewish Apocalyptic imagination often treats politics as a wild jungle with kings and empire builders as beasts and monsters. Polemically situated in this jungle-like rhetoric, human kings are animalized and intentionally implicated in the theological arrangements of this horrifying sub-human space. Considering the active deployment of this literary device in apocalyptic genre, the paper engages the spatiality of the wild space from the recent discourses of the poetics of spaces in general and the specific appropriations of these critical works to biblical studies. Consequently, the study presents the poetics of the wild space in Daniel 7:1-28 in the subtle portrait of Yahweh as the "Animal Tamer" who rules over this apocalyptic jungle. Reading the entire book of Daniel in this zoological mapping, the paper underscores the extended use of wild space in the rhetoric of this particular passage, especially the apocalyptic poetics of Yahweh as the sovereign Lord of the wild space.


A method for reducing the amount of backflow of clearance and associated in a set of axial fan having a fan rotor (31) and a closely surrounding casing (21), comprising swirl: a) providing a targeted step forward in the housing, said passage axially located to surround the blade tips of said fan; b) providing a plurality of circumferentially spaced wedges (26) on the surface (23) of said passage, in order to reduce the component swirl counterflow in the set, characterized in that said wedges are positioned with their greater dimension oriented swirl counterclockwise, and tapering in the direction of rotation 10 of the blades.


The objective of the study was to determine the effect of leaf wetness period and air tem- perature on development of disease symptoms caused by Puccinia recondita on winter wheat. The experiments were carried out in growth chamber at the Institute of Plant Protection in Poznan. Seed- lings of a susceptible winter wheat cultivar Mikon, were artificially inoculated with urediniospores of P. recondita and incubated in temperature of 15 and 20°C. The period of duration of leaf wetness var- ied from 2 to 14 hours. Disease symptoms on seedlings at 20°C appeared 7 days after inoculation. Re- duction of temperature to 15°C resulted in the elongation of latency period to 8 days. The relationship between leaf wetness period and disease symptoms severity was also observed. The gratest number of urediniospores in both tested temperatures were observed on plants exposed to 14 hours of leaf wetness. In temperature of 20°C 4 hours of wetness duration was enough to guarantee infection and the appearance of P. recondita pustules, whereas in 15°C at least 10 hours of wet period was needed to cause disease symptoms development. The experimental results were used to produce two equations describing relation between leaf wetness and symptoms development in tested temperatures.


The authors have shown that the unpredictable micro heterogeneous of cast iron melts is a reason for structural defect of the billets, manufactured by centrifugal casting. The possibility of eliminating of this reason by treatment of BSC-type materials, based on alkaline earth metal carbonates was investigated. One of the main problems is lack of clear ideas of a structure of fusions of cast-iron in thermo-time conditions of foundry production. Microinhomogeneity thus is caused by various structural components inherited from the burdening of mate rials. Besides, features of operations of refinement and modifying of fusions have impact on structure of fusion and quality of produced castings. Results of industrial experiments on influence of various ways of refinement and modifying on quality of produced castings are given. On the basis of the obtained data the optimum way of refinement and modifying of industrial cast iron was developed.


Dheena discussed and derived some properties of near subtraction semigroups. The concept of fuzzy set was first initiated by Zadeh. In this paper, we introduced the notation of fuzzy quasiideals in nearsubtraction semigroups.


Cladobotryum spp. are responsible for cobweb disease of mushrooms. In two commercial and one experimental mushroom-growing room, Cladobotryum conidia were released into the air in direct response to physical disturbance of disease colonies during either crop watering or treatment by covering with salt to 10 mm. Conidia were detected using a Burkard spore trap or agar-based trap plates. A maximum concentration of (cid:2) 25,000 conidia m (cid:1) 3 was recorded in a small (75-m 3 ) experimental growing room in the hour following the salting of 16 cobweb patches (0.55 m 2 ). Concentrations of 100 and 40 conidia m (cid:1) 3 were recorded in the two larger commercial growing rooms in the hour following the salting of 18 and 11 patches of cobweb (diameter, approximately 50 to 200 mm), respectively. In controlled experiments, disturbed conidia were dispersed rapidly throughout a small growing room, with 91 to 97% of conidia settling out within 15 min. Eighty-five percent of conidia settled out within a 0.5-m radius when air-conditioning fans were switched off, consistent with airborne spore dispersal. Alternative methods for treating diseased areas to minimize conidial release and distribution were investigated and included covering disease colonies with damp paper tissue prior to salt application (tissue salting) and holding a dust extractor above disease colonies during salt application. Both methods resulted in no detectable Four different cobweb disease treatment techniques studied to determine their influence on the dispersal of Cladobotryum conidia. finally salted is a hazardous dust United Kingdom). air tissue is conducted as technique ii, but treatment the air the salted area is drawn through a hazardous dust extractor as in technique iii. An additional treatment was superimposed on the four disease treatment techniques; this consisted of the standard air-conditioning system in the mush- room-growing room being switched on (fans on) or off (fans off) in order to determine the effect of air movement within the room on the pattern of conidial dispersal during disease treatment operations.


The radiation of a radially oriented dipole in the presence of a semi-infinite isorefractive cone of circular cross-section is calculated analytically via the two-interval Sturm-Liouville formulation, which was previously used by the authors to treat the electrostatic problem of the dielectric cone. This method presents an alternative to the Kontorovich-Lebedev transform method, which was used by other researchers to treat the isorefractive problem. Furthermore, numerical results, based on the eigenfunction expansion of the field, are presented for the first time.


Mold material carried to internal weld joint and removed after impression taken. Remotely operated device makes impression mold of interior surface of tube at weld joint. Mold provides indication of extent of mismatch between members at joint. Maneuvered to weld inspected through curved tube 3 in. in diameter by 50 in. long. Readily adapted to making molds to measure depth of corrosion in boiler tubes or other pipes.


"The Tale of Kieu" and "The Funeral Oration to the Souls" are two works of great value and significance in the writing career of the great poet, Nguyen Du. The success of these two works not only comes from their content and artistic composition, but also from the life experiences and deep understanding of the national culture expressed fluently in every word. This article explores the impact of folk beliefs; namely, the cult of nature and religious beliefs that are reflected in "The Tale of Kieu" and "The Funeral Oration to the Souls". Then, it clarifies the role of folk beliefs in both literary and cultural aspects of the works.


73-year-old female with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Felty's syndrome with pancytopenia admitted for febrile neutropenia and eruption of diffuse, painful erythematous plaques, and pustules. She received G-CSF for neutropenia prior to admission. Exam: bilateral pleural effusions , splenomegaly, no active synovitis. She was not on any RA drugs for the past year. Laboratory values showed low C3 and C4 , +RF, +CCP, +MPO Ab>8, p-ANCA >1:1280, +ANA 1:1280 homogeneous pattern, +Lupus anticoagulant., and MGUS (IgM Kappa). Pre G-CSF : WBC = 650 K/mcl, Post G-CSF:. WBC= 4400 K/mcl.. Skin biopsy: intense neutrophilic inflammation in the dermis and subdermal tissue.. Bone marrow (BM) biopsy: neutrophilic inflammation of the BM, no evidence of malignancy, consistent with G-CSF stimulation. G-CSF was stopped and high dose corticosteroids and dapsone were initiate with marked improvement of the skin.. She contracted COVID19 infection soon after with gastrointestinal symptoms only, and had a mild course.


Jember University (UNEJ) has 40% of green area that covered by various plants and trees as the insect habitats, such as butterfly. The butterflies use plants as a source of food and hostplant that support the diversity of butterfly species. The aim of this study was determined the composition and diversity of butterflly species (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) in UNEJ. The data collection using road sampling method at all UNEJ's faculties. The identification obtained 30 species of butterflies include to 3 family and 22 genus with a total individual of 330. The diversity of butterflies is 2.826 which is included in the medium category.


Diabetic osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic osteopathy accompanied with diabetes,which have the intricate and complicated pathogenesis.Leptin is a major regulator of substance and energy metabolism.Recent studies suggest leptin is also expressed in bone tissue and play a role in bone metabolism with direct or indirect manners.Leptin is gradually valuing on bone remodeling.This article summarized the relationship between leptin and diabetic osteoporosis,which is becoming a research hotspot.


Brightness temperature maps from global monthly mean general circulation model (GCM) atmospheric and surface fields are calculated with a new microwave radiative transfer postprocessor. This microwave radiative transfer model uses fields from the 4° by 5° Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) GCM Model II and subsequent developmental versions of the GCM. The absolute brightness temperature maps from the microwave radiative transfer model are shown to be more accurate than maps from temperature weighting functions due to the inclusion of local surface emission and local radiative transfer effects. This permits direct comparison of calculated brightness temperatures to observed brightness temperatures measured by the microwave sounding unit (MSU) channels. Microwave maps are calculated for the January and July Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) radiosonde upper air and surface climatology and compared to the MSU climatology. This work tests the microwave radiative transfer model and comments on two disparate tropospheric climatologies used for trend analysis and GCM validation. The microwave comparison generally finds good agreement between the MSU channel 2 and the radiosonde climatologies. January brightness temperature differences of a few degrees come from spatial coverage gaps and land biasing in the radiosonde climatology, echoing results in previous comparison studies. The July microwave comparison finds unexpected warmth brightness temperatures from the radiosonde climatology over land masses. This July warmth may be related to diurnal sampling differences and to recent study by other researchers into radiosonde time series' sensitivity to instrumentation and to solar heating of the radiosonde. Comparison of calculated GCM microwave maps to observed monthly mean MSU maps aids development of the GISS GCM. MSU channel 2R and channel 2 are used to evaluate the impacts of GCM developments near the ocean surface and the midtroposphere, respectively. These microwave channels show large sensitivity to the planetary boundary layer scheme. MSU channel 4 confirms improvements in the lower stratosphere with addition of a parameterized gravity wave drag beneath the GCM's rigid model top. Overall, the MSU climatology with its global coverage, several broad vertical samplings, and horizontal resolution comparable to GCM grid cells complements more traditional observations used to validate general circulation models.


After an introduction summarising my experience in the field of social education, the article outlines the evolution of socio-educational education in Spain during the 20th century. To indicate later the evolution of the fields of intervention of the social educator in Spain, as a preparation for the current research.
Subsequently, the research is proposed describing the methodology followed and the primary and secondary sources consulted. In this respect, the previous phase of the research and the main phase with its stages of consultation of the primary and secondary sources are explained.
Finally, the result of the research is presented, with the resulting table of areas which is explained in each of them and ends with the indication of the sources consulted.


The methanolic extract of the leaves of Cordia dichotoma at 300 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg were studied for hepatoprotective action in male Wistar rats by inducing liver damage using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Silymarin was used as standard drug. The extract (300 mg/kg) significantly reduced the AST (P Keywords : Cordia dichotoma Linn., Boraginaceae, carbon tetrachloride; serum enzyme levels; antioxidants; hepatoprotective activity. Nigerian Journal of Natural Products and Medicine Vol. 11 2007 pp. 37-40


Exogenous application of proline and glycinebetaine (hereafter betaine) is often regarded as a shotgun approach for the protection and survival of plants under abiotic stresses including salinity. Here, we investigated effects of proline and betaine on hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA) and transpiration rate in salt-stressed rice plants. Generally, salt stress increased H 2 O 2 and lipid peroxidation as indicated by MDA content and decreased transpiration rate in rice plants. The exogenous application of proline and betaine decrease H 2 O 2 and MDA contents and increase transpiration rate in salt-stressed rice plants. It is suggested that exogenous proline and betaine mitigate the detrimental effects of salt stress by reducing H 2 O 2 and lipid peroxidation levels and by increasing transpiration rate in rice plants.


ABSTRACT A total of 80 pigs were used to investigate the effect of dietary glycine betaine( N,N,N -trimethylglycine) onpork quality during cold storage. About 70 kg pigs were randomly alloted into one of four experimental dietgroups(0%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% glycine betaine). Pigs were slaughtered at approximately 110 kg liveweight, and pH, color(CIE L* a* b*), shear force, sarcomere length, lipid oxidation and composition of fat-ty acid were measured in pork loin for 13 days of cold storage. The concentration of glycine betaine inpork loin was significantly increased(P < 0.05) with incr easing of glycine betaine level in diet. Pork loinsfrom dietary betaine groups showed significantly higher muscle pH and lower CIE b* values compared tocontrol group after 13 days of storage. There were significant differences in shear force values among porkloins from diet groups at 24 hrs postmortem. However, pork loins from control diet showed longer sarco-mere length than those of dietary betaine groups. Dietar y glycine betaine increased the ratio of saturated fattyacids and decreased unsaturated fatty acids in pork loins. Especially the ratios of linoleic and myristic acid were de-creased with increasing dietary betaine level. However, d ietary glycine betaine did not affect lipid oxidation(TBARS) and sensory evaluation during cold storage.


A 76-year-old woman seen for abdominal pain on February 2005 and found in Endoscopy to have an irregular protruding lesion in the upper thoracic esophagus underwent endoscopic mucosal resection elsewhere of part of the lesion and was followed up endoscopically despite a pathological diagnosis of verrucous tumor. Two years later, the tumor grew and biopsy showed it to be malignant. Endoscopic and histological examination yielded a diagnosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, for which we conducted thoracoscopic esophagectomy with lymph node dissection, reconstructing the alimentary tract with a gastric tube through the posterior mediastinal route. Macroscopic findings of the resected specimen showed a white protruding lesion surrounded by a small protruding area measuring 70×40 mm. Histologically, the well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma had papillary proliferation to the epithelium. These findings led to a diagnosis of esophageal verrucous carcinoma. Histological findings of pT1b, pN0, and M0, identified p-stage I. No sign of recurrence has been observed in the two years since surgery. Esophageal verrucous carcinoma is extremely rare with only 24 cases reported as of this writ-ing in the English and Japanese literature.


Hydrides of nickel coordination compounds of the general formula HNi(MYZ)"X where Mis P, As or Sb, Z is R or OR, where R is a hydrocarbyl radical of up to 18 carbon atoms or a hydrocarbyl radical of up to 18 carbon atoms substituted with any of -Cl, -Oor -CN, where Y is two Z's or either -R 'or -O-R'-O-, where -R'is a divalent hydrocar bylene radical of from two to 12 carbon atoms, n is 3 or 4, and X is an anion of a protonic acid, particularly HSO4. Cl", Br, Cn, CF3COO, AlCl-, or ZnCCNor BF and the process of preparing these hydrides from the correspond ing nickel complex and acid as well as the process of iso merizing 3-pentenenitrile to 4-pentenenitrile using the hydrides.


This study aims to describe the temperament of characters in the Fighting Notes novel by using Ludwig Klages's personality theory. The focus of this research is on the temperament of the characters contained in the Note Juang by Fiersa Besari. Tempramen is a trait that a person has in him when he will do something, Klages divides the temprament into two parts, namely sangraminis tempraments and pleghmatic tempraments. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods which means a research method that does not use numbers or calculations, this qualitative approach is used with the aim of producing word form descriptions from research that has been observed, in addition this study uses library techniques to get data on research observed. Data analysis in this study used hermeutic analysis with several stages, namely reading objects, marking data found on objects, coding data and analyzing all data with Ludwig Klages's personality theory. The results of this research in the Notes Fighting can be concluded that there are sangunis and pleghmatis tempraments but are inclined to sangunis tempraments that are experienced by many Suar figures.


For pt.I see ibid., vol.11, p.1283 (1978). Using the Green function obtained in pt.I, the author obtains explicit expression for the two-phonon absorption coefficient of internal modes of molecular crystals. This expression is compared with the IR transmission spectra of CO2, N2O and OCS crystals and excellent agreement is found, in terms of two-phonon bound-states and resonances, for both shape and intensity of the bands under consideration.


The toroidal magnetic field coils on JET were designed to operate at 3.4 T. During the JET tritium campaign (DTEI, 1997) /spl sim/150 pulses were run at 3.8 T. Recently operation at 4.0 T has been commissioned and used briefly in plasma operation. An extensive analytical and experimental study over the last four years has concluded that limited operation at 4.0 T in a wide range of scenarios is acceptable.


Large-scale and complex mechanical equipments usually operate under complicated and terrible conditions, making them inevitable for faults with various modes and severity. As they can incur substantial production loss and recovery cost. It is therefore, extremely essential to prognose an incipient fault before it leads to serious damage. However, faults of large scale and complex mechanical equipments are characterized by weak response, multi-fault coupling, etc., and it is hard to detect and diagnose incipient and compound faults for these equipments. Hence, the need to automatically analyze the data is apparent and provides an opportunity for computational intelligence (CI) methods to have a significant impact on fault diagnosis research. Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic, individually or combined, can of great support in these studies. Companionship of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Fuzzy logic (FL) have attracted the growing interest of researchers in various scientific and engineering especially mechanical engineering areas due to the growing need of adaptive intelligent systems to solve the real world problems. This paper focuses the review on the various applications of ANN and FL in the field of machinery health diagnosis.


Ring oscillator physical unclonable functions (RO PUF) promise cheap, efficient, and secure identification and authentication of the chip. However, RO PUF typically has high hardware overhead, and it is difficult to guarantee its stability due to the complex operating environment. In this Letter, the programmable delay lines were utilised to configure the ring oscillator to improve the performance of PUF on FPGA. The proposed structure generates a 16-bit reliable PUF response using only two slices. Experimental results show that the proposed PUF has low hardware overhead, and multiple measurements under a wide range of operating environments demonstrate that it is highly stable.


The effect of quark–antiquark potential on the dissociation energy and critical screening length of heavy meson such as bb̄ and cc̄ have been investigated when the respective meson is in Quark–Gluon Plasma (QGP). The different types of interquark potential have been used, which get screened in the QGP medium. The dissociation energy and critical screening length have been studied for both ground and excited states. It has been observed that the form of interquark potential has a substantial effect on the critical screening length when the meson is in QGP. A comparison with other theoretical studies is made.


This, and the following two papers, were presented during the European GNSS98 Symposium held at the Centre de Congrès Pierre Baudis, Toulouse, France, from 20–23 October 1998. It is now clear that Global Positioning Systems (GPS) will be the primary navigational and positioning tool used as we move into the 21st century. As a result of the continued expansion and development of GPS, concerns have been voiced about the liability associated with development, construction, and use of the system. No short paper can explore all of the various liability issues associated with GPS. However, this paper will touch upon various liability issues in the hope that this analysis will continue with the development of GPS.


The space location forecasting research of buried ore bodies has become a task of top priority for mineralization prediction,prospecting and exploration.The very low frequency electromagnetic method(VLF-EM) has such advantages as portable instrument,simple method,economical and high efficiency.This paper briefly discusses the very low frequency(VLF) electromagnetic technique and takes Shancheng gold mine for example.The distinct result is received after a series of data management.


A reliable method for producing reproductive cysts in Tetrahymena patula is described. The procedure involves the isolation of macrostomes without cytopharyngeal pouches in microdrops of distilled water under oil. The study of silver-impregnated specimens has shown that a complex pattern of oral resorption and reformation occurs within the cyst that leads to the formation of a group of small cells with recessed oral apparatuses. These cells, called "cryptostomes," swim very rapidly on excystment and are incapable of either feeding or reproducing. They are presumably dispersal forms. Oral morphogenesis during the transformation of excysted cryptostomes into microstomes and macrostomes is also described.


Biggest Issue ever!!! That is what this March issue of the British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology is. Like a Christmas Special of The Beano, the longest running British children magazine. Why? Not because our rejection rate has gone down last year. It actually went up. No, it is because we simply received many, many more papers. So, despite accepting relatively less papers, we actually approved more papers in total. Way more, which is the reason why we will be publishing not one but two of these mega-issues in a row.


The fetal and neonatal immune systems are uniquely poised to generate tolerance to self, maternal and environmental antigens encountered in the womb and shortly after birth. However, the tolerogenic nature of fetal and neonatal immunity can be detrimental in the context of pathogens, leading to overwhelming bacterial infections or chronic viral infections. A variety of mechanisms contribute to fetal and neonatal tolerance, including a propensity to generate Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells). However, the mechanism(s) of fetal Foxp3+ T‐cell differentiation, the specific antigen‐presenting cells required and factors that inhibit Treg generation after the neonatal period are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that a subset of CD14+ monocytes expressing the scavenger molecule, CD36, can generate CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that coexpress Foxp3 and T‐bet from both umbilical cord blood. These Foxp3+ T‐bet+ T cells potently suppress T‐cell proliferation and ameliorate xenogeneic graft‐versus‐host disease. CD14+ CD36+ monocytes provide known Treg‐inducing signals: membrane‐bound transforming growth factor‐beta and retinoic acid. Unexpectedly, adult peripheral blood monocytes are also capable of inducing Foxp3+ T cells from both cord blood and adult peripheral naïve T cells. The induction of Foxp3+ T cells in umbilical cord blood by monocytes was inhibited by the lymphoid fraction of adult peripheral blood cells. These studies highlight a novel immunoregulatory role of monocytes and suggest that antigen presentation by CD36hi monocytes may contribute to the peripheral development of Foxp3+ T‐bet+ T cells with regulatory functions in both neonates and adults.


Vinalhaven is an island located in Penobscot Bay off the coast of Maine and is home to 1300 year round residents. The summertime population peaks at 4000, placing a strain on the island's limited water resources, which consist of 28.8 acres of freshwater ponds and a fractured granite aquifer. Water consumption on Vinalhaven is projected to increase by 100% by 2025 (Vinalhaven Comprehensive Plan Committee, 2005), raising concern for the sustainability the island's water resources, especially with respect to decreasing well yields and saltwater intrusion.


In Stephen Frears's recent film The Queen (2006), Elizabeth II, played by Helen Mirren, is deeply concerned about the boundary between private family life and public persona in the period immediately following the death of Diana, Princess of Wales. In seeking to protect the privacy of her family and especially that of her grandsons, to allow them to grieve in private, she inadvertently projects an uncaring public persona. It falls to the newly elected prime minister, Tony Blair, in collaboration with the Queen's long-suffering secretary, to persuade Her Majesty to pursue a different course of action and thus placate the mass public. Whatever the fairness of this representation, the Queen, while clearly in command of her role as head of state, is portrayed as a leader no longer in command of her public image and even unable to comprehend its importance. I'm tempted to recommend that Frears's Queen acquaint herself with the sophisticated communication tactics of other female rulers by reading Kelley Harness's Echoes of Women's Voices. Whether wives, widows, or nuns, early modern Italian noblewomen were adept at using patronage to shape their public image. Of course, sometimes they too had to practice damage control-a topic to which I shall return. Echoes of Women's Voices is an absorbing study of female self- fashioning in early modern Florence that documents successes and mishaps in the pa tronage strategies of women regents and women religious. The main focus is on Archduchess Maria Magdalena of Austria, widow of Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Florence, during her joint regency of Florence (1621-30) with Christine of Lorraine, but there are also two chapters on the institutional patronage of the convent of Santa Croce (known as La Crocetta), home to Princess Maria Maddalena, Christine of Lorraine's daughter and therefore Archduchess Maria Magdalena's sister-in-law. The concept of patronage as a means of fashioning a public identity is familiar, but aside from William Prizer's articles on Isabella d'Este and Lucrezia Borgia (e.g., 1982; 1985; 1999), and studies of convents by Robert Kendrick (1996), Craig Monson (1995), and Colleen Reardon (1996; 2002), there is little substantial work on women's musical patronage in Italy. Harness draws upon research into early modern women's patronage of the visual arts, particularly highlighting the idea from Roger Crum (2001) that, regardless of who commissioned a work,


Bioflavonoids (polyhydroxyphenols) are ubiquitous components of plants, fruits and vegetables; these compounds are efficient scavengers of free oxygen radicals and peroxides. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidative effects of genistein-8-C-glycoside (G8CG) isolated from the flowers of Lipinus luteus L. G8CG dose-dependently inhibited membrane lipid peroxidation and prevented GSH oxidation in human red blood cells and rat liver homogenates under tert-butylhydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress and single whole-body gamma-irradiation (1 Gy) of rats.


A system (52) and a method maintain a medical body area network (MBAN) (62). Devices (56, 58) of the MBAN (62)are communicated (152) with over one or more channels of the MBAN (62). The one or more channels include a primary channel, and each of the devices (56, 58) is assigned to one of the one or more channels. Further, a duty cycle of each of the one or more channels is continuously monitored (156). In response to the duty cycle of the primary channel meeting or exceeding a duty cycle limit, a device (56, 58) of the devices (56, 58) is moved (158) to a secondary channel.


In order to achieve an optimal learning in a serious game, a continuously adapted game experience is needed. This paper presents a multi-agent system which dynamically control the orientation of a game according to players' actions. Irrespective of the application domain, a game scenario is abstracted and elements composing it are identified. These elements are then encapsulated into cooperative agents which interact in order to collectively adapt the scenario they are related to. The feasibility of this approach is shown by applying it to a real game scenario.


Employee engagement is a key business driver for organizational success. High levels of engagement in domestic and global firms promote retention of talent, foster customer loyalty and improve organizational performance and stakeholder value. A complex concept, engagement is influenced by many factors; from workplace culture, organizational communication and managerial styles to trust and respect, pay and benefits and company reputation. For today's different generations, access to training and career opportunities, work/life balance and empowerment to make decisions are important. Thus, to foster a culture of engagement, Bank AlFalah leads the way to design, measure and evaluate proactive workplace policies and practices that help attract and retain talent with skills and competencies necessary for growth and sustainability. This report is the definitive guide to develop, implement and measure engagement programs. This report also investigates whether employee engagement; actually exists and what the key drivers are, with a special look at middle management communication; how to embed engagement as a real process; key measurement tools and how to incorporate engagement as part of the regular process of motivating employees.


We provide an alternative architecture for the next generation datacenters by employing electronic and photonic switching cores. The capacity of electronic packet switching (EPS) cores is not enough for the bandwidth requirements of next generation datacenters. On the other hand, it is prohibitively costly to build pure photonic packet switching (OPS) core which is capable of switching native Ethernet frames in nanoseconds. We propose a low-cost hybrid OPS/EPS platform which significantly increases the switching capacity of datacenters for all traffic patterns while using the existing EPS cores. Our proposed architecture is a fat-tree hierarchy consisting of servers, top-of-racks (TOR), aggregation switches, and core switches. The aggregation switches are interconnected to the core hybrid OPS/EPS switch. Since the traffic inside datacenters is typically bimodal, the hybrid switch core becomes feasible by switching short and long packets using EPS and OPS cores, respectively. In order to prepare long packets for photonic switching, they undergo packet contention resolution, compression, and bitwise scrambling. Afterwards, a photonic destination label is added to the long packets, and they are sent out through an optical transmitter. For compressing the long packets, the clock rate is raised on the output of the physical layer. Packet compression increases inter-packet gap to insert the photonic label. Also, it provides more time for photonic switch connection set-up and receiver synchronization at the destination aggregation switch. We developed a test bed for our architecture and used it to transmit real-time traffic. Our experiments show successful transmission of all packets through OPS.


This study optimized the suspension culture conditions for Nervilia fordii.Taking increasing rate of dry weight and enzyme activity as criteria,the effects of medium type,illumination conditions,concentration of sucrose and initial pH value on cell biomass were evaluated.Callus grew on 1/4MS and 1/2MS medium were considered superior to other groups;the cultures grew on 1/2MS medium got the highest dry weight increasing rate,lowest MDA content and highest POD content,which indicated 1/2MS medium was suitable for callus growth and accumulation of organic matter.The increasing rate of dry weight was higher when cultured under the dark.For the purpose of obtaining large amounts of culture,the sucrose concentration should be adjusted to 1%.Adding 0.1%MES in medium with pH 6.0 could increase the growth of suspended tissue culture.


Generalized Finsler space GFn is a differentiable N -dimensional manifold with nonsymmetric basic tensor gij .x; P x/ defined by condition (1.2). Using the basic tensor, by (1.4) a non-symmetric connection P is defined, and also four kinds of covariant derivative in the Rund's sense and five curvature tensors are obtained (Section 1). In Section 2 two kinds of Ricci coefficients of rotation are defined and their properties are exposed. Also, integrability conditions of the equation expressing covariant derivatives of the congruence vector by means of coefficients of rotation, are obtained. In Section 3 a geodesic mapping of two spaces GFn and GF n is defined and some it's properties are proved. In Section 4 some invariants of such mappings in relation with the coefficients of rotation are studied. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 53A45, 53B05, 53B40