This study was based on that hydrocarbon compounds originating in the oil can be leaked from the reservoir of and oil rising to the surface through the different layers. This study followed up relied change concentrations of these compounds and concentrations of elements associated with the change as a way to track it's path rises of such material in a Well 18 (Al- Nasiriya Field) through rock samples taken from various depths along the column of the Well trying to find some kind of comparison between the change 1 Qw2`\`W2\ of focus and depth of the Well.The quantitative and qualitative analyses have been conducted of trace metals in the organic extract from the rock samples using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and these elements are sodium, potassium, chromium and nickel. Samples were digested using a mixture of nitric acid concentration of 20% and 20% HCl concentration and by (2:1) volume ratio. The organic content extracted from rock samples contains a compound N- Ethyl Carbazole only, as is clear from the analysis of chromatographic (GC) of the samples. Carbazole rise to the top of the well's column. Some physical and chemical properties of crude oil such as: specific gravity, specific weight API, water content and salt content were measured. Through these properties were found that the oil is considered of medium quality oils and relatively close to the earth's surface and thus it can be extracted with little cost. Keywords : Crude Oil, Trace metals, Ethyl carbazole


The use of methodological tools such as the Analysis and Diagnosis of Agrarian Systems
(ADSA) have been an important parameter to assist projects and public policies aimed at
promoting rural development. Thus, from a systemic tool (ADSA), the objective of this work
was to perform a diagnostic-analysis of the cultivation and extraction systems of the Chapada
Limpa extractive reserve and the Barro Vermelho quilombola community, located in the
municipality of Chapadinha, MA, highlighting its potentialities and restrictions to support
rural development proposals. For this, the methodology of analysis-diagnosis of agrarian
systems is used, using questionnaires to identify the most relevant factors to such systems and
their interrelationships. We interviewed 46 families. After tabulation of the collected data, it
was identified that the productive units of the localities mainly perform extractive activities,
agriculture and animal husbandry, whose products, for the most part, serve for their own
consumption; however, among the main components of gross family income, the prevalence
of pensions and social benefits was noted. The results showed that the productive systems
need to be improved, since they are not being able to meet the demand of the population,
making them dependent on other non-agricultural incomes, which also do not guarantee the
maintenance of this system and the food security of the families. It is hoped that the results
obtained with this research can contribute to the elaboration of local development proposals,
as well as to subsidize the adoption of public policies aimed at the improvement of these
productive systems.


To improve the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) in neutron measurements, a Time-Of-Flight (TOF) neutron spectrometer, which was initially developed to measure the fuel isotope ratio in a fusion experimental reactor, was modified. The neutron spectrometer was composed of a water cell and pairs of plastic scintillators. The water cell is directly exposed to an incident neutron beam and the scintillator pairs are used to measure the TOF of neutrons scattered in the water cell. The ability of the neutron spectrometer to detect trace amounts of DD neutrons in a DT neutron beam was successfully demonstrated so far. However, because the general TOF method is essentially coincidence counting, it suffers from accidental counts, which are simultaneous events between the scintillator pairs due to high-rate random events. Herein, we report that replacing the first scintillator with a liquid scintillator and employing a pulse shape discrimination technique allow neutron and γ-ray components of the trigger signals to be distinguished in the liquid scintillator. The modified system was examined with the fast neutron source reactor "YAYOI" of the University of Tokyo. The neutron component in the measured time spectrum was extracted from the entire time spectrum by recording the coincidence events between the TOF signals and trigger signals due to the neutron incident event in the liquid scintillator. Our results indicate that the SNR in the neutron measurement is successfully improved by more than 10%.


Nb/Au/YBa2Cu3Ox heterojunctions in (001) and (1 1 20)-oriented YBa2Cu3Ox films have been fabricated. I-V curves of both kinds of heterojunctions show pronounced superconducting current. As affected by microwave radiation Shapiro steps at voltages hf/4e arise in the I-V curves of Nb/Au/YBa2Cu3Ox (001) heterojunctions implying the double periodic (~sin2φ) superconducting current-phase relation. However, in the case of Nb/Au/YBa2Cu3Ox (1 1 20) heterojunctions Shapiro steps have been observed in the I-V curves at voltages hf/2e only supporting a sinusoidal (~sinφ) superconducting current-phase relation within measurement accuracy. A zero bias conductance peak associated with zero-energy Andreev bound states occurs in the I-V curve of the Nb/Au/YBa2Cu3Ox (1 1 20) heterojunctions. We discuss the experimental results in terms of the d-wave symmetrical superconducting order parameter in YBCO.


During the workshop, five presentations demonstrated software to process structured hydrographic data and to create updates of CCM. Three other presentations and a poster discussed use cases of CCM in which catchments where characterized in order to gain more insight in hydrological planning processes. The presentations covering parts of Macedonia and parts of Turkey revealed interesting errors in the dataset. The discussion that followed the presentations addressed mainly the importance of CCM and how a better version could be made in the near future. Important aspects are to create an internet community to process the new data as well as the availability of new, higher detailed data, such as SRTM of 30 meters. . AGILE 2016 – Helsinki, June 14-17, 2016 2.1 Storing more derived data The RivTool application and the three end user applications clearly showed a need to make CCM data intersection results more readily available. Some data are already available in CCM, but a new version of CORINE Land cover and various climate assessments and meteorological data would be of great use if made directly available at the primary catchment and river segment level. In addition, also a platform where users could upload their own results would be appreciated to enhance the discussion and debate on hydrologic issues. To avoid the download of too many and unrelated attributes it was suggested to define groups of data. In addition to this issue, also a mention of an improved description of the existing attributes in the CCM geodatabase could be of use. Some terms are not directly clear due to abbreviations and the articles that describe them might be too long and cumbersome to go through for a simple application. . 2.2 Errors in Macedonia and Turkey The errors in Macedonia and Turkey can be explained by the fact that the CCM team in 2005 had no experts in those areas. In addition, reference data, taken from submissions of the Water Framework directive, were not available. CCM used three additional reference data sets in conjunction with the SRTM 90 meter elevation model. The first one is an image with the number of contributing pixels in order to start surface flow. This dataset is made using soil and land cover maps and can be enhanced if better data is available for example in karstic regions. The second one is a map containing the rivers and canalized rivers to follow in areas were the drainage is not following the lowest point. Such areas can be found especially in lowlands or in narrow valleys and close to reservoirs. This map also contains the lakes, in which CCM computed a centreline to be used as reference to connect the various rivers that flow into a lake. The third map is a map containing the so-called pits, which are the endorheic reservoirs such as Lake Trasimeno, Lake Tuz and the Dead Sea. If these maps can be made with more detail for the accession countries CCM could be rerun and improved for such specific processing windows. .


An examination, by metallography, atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and electron probe microanalysis of some decorative metalwork and small items such as needles and fish-hooks from Ecuador and Colombia revealed that 'fusion-gilding' or 'wash-gilding' was employed in the manufacture of many artefacts. The coatings found included silver alloy coatings over copper and gold alloys over copper. The coatings are often themselves superficially enriched at the surface; they are thick, and completely different from the surfaces found on depletion gilded objects which are far more common in ancient Colombia. The evidence from Ecuador is piecemeal and a considerable number of additional analyses must be carried out to clarify the extent of use of this surface treatment technology.


Twenty‐five monoclonal antibodies (MABS) to complement components were evaluated according to the ISBT/ICSH protocol by twelve laboratories. Seven detected some form of C3c, but one of them, 174, did not react with EiC3b, although it was positive with 'EC3b' (Fruitstone). 174 may detect some form of enzyme sensitive C3b antigen, but C3a was not evaluated (present on 'EC3b' Fruitstone). Twelve of the antibodies were anti‐C3d, one was an anti‐C3g and five were anti‐C4c.


OBJECTIVE To explore the effect and the possible mechanism of Shenfu injection on encephalic energy metabolism of rats following encephalic ischemic reperfusion.METHODS Thirty male SD rats were divided into three groups randomly:Blank control group(group C),encephalic ischemic reperfusion group(group IR) and Shenfu injection-pretreated group(group SFI).The HPLC was used to detect the contents of adenosine triphosphate(ATP) in rats' brain tissue.Encephalic lactic acid and activity of Na+-K+-ATPase were detected by lactic acid assay kit and Na+-K+-ATPase kit,respectively.RESULTS Lactic acid in the brain tissue of group IR(0.70±0.05 mmol·g-1) was apparently higher than that of group C(0.20±0.04 mmol·g-1),while ATP and viability of the Na+-K+-ATPase in group IR were apparently lower than that of group C(P0.01),thus the encephalic ischemic reperfusion model was successfully made.After SFI treatment,Lactic acid in the brain tissue of group SFI declined(P0.01),while ATP and Na+-K+-ATPase increased,compared with that of the IR group(P0.01).CONCLUSION Shenfu injection can help to increase the content of ATP,viability of the Na+-K+-ATPase,and reduce the amount of lactic acid in rats' brain tissue simultaneously,thus alleviake damages of encephalic ischemic reperfusion.


(2) h(d) ≡ 0 (modn). In [11], Le proved that if b = 1, n > 2, 2k+a √ d is the fundamental solution of Pell's equation x2−dy2 = −1, and (p, (q−1)q) = 1 for each odd prime divisor p |n and q | k, then (2) holds, except (a, d, k, n) = (5, 41, 2, 4). Clearly, Le's result cannot imply Lu's result. In [3], we proved that if b = 1, n > 2, 2k + a √ d is the fundamental solution of Pell's equation x2 − dy2 = −1, a ≤ kn/2 and 2 k, then (2) holds. By Lemma 3 of the present paper, the assumption "2k + a √ d is the fundamental solution of Pell's equation x2 − dy2 = −1" in [3] can be omitted. In this paper, we prove the following further results.


A simplified adiabatic model of the Stirling engine is developed for the study of a grid-connected dish-Stirling solar-thermal power plant. The model relates the average values of the engine state variables and also takes into account the engine losses. As the engine is shown to exhibit nonminimum phase behavior, an improved temperature control scheme for the engine heat absorber is developed. By including the engine speed, pressure, and solar insolation limits into the analysis, a steady-state feasible operating regime of the solar-thermal power plant is obtained. A maximum solar energy harness is shown to be achievable through the variable speed operation of the power plant.


This paper presents a Data Discovery Model to be used in Incomplete Information Systems. A Theorem is proposed about the Information Dependency of Data. Formal proofs of the theorem are presented and verified as to their correctness with some examples.


0. In a recent issue of IJAL three articles1 appeared concerning typological indices for whole languages (as opposed to sub-system typologies2). Greenberg's article (reprinted from the Festschrift for Wilson D. Wallis) proposed a tentative method for refining and quantifying Sapir's typology by attempting to 'define each feature involved ... in terms of a ratio of two units.'3 Kroeber discussed the need for such a typology and brought out some of the strengths of Greenberg's scheme. Finally, Householder presented a brief comment on the possibility of extending this type of procedure into the realm of syntax. The indices which Greenberg computed for eight languages4 were put forth as a halting first step, and Kroeber's discussion of the method indicates a higher degree of confidence than does Greenberg himself. Both of these authors indicate the possibility that the indices may be different for different styles of any given language, and Householder states explicitly that the 'indices do not appear to be style-free.'5 To test the hypothesis that different styles have different indices, consider indices computed for a 100 word text taken


We study an example of an adaptive (state) tracking control problem for a four-wheel mobile robot, as it is an illustrative example of the general adaptive state-feedback tracking control problem. It turns out that formulating the adaptive state-feedback tracking control problem is not straightforward, since specifying the reference state-trajectory can be in conflict with not knowing certain parameters. Our example illustrates this difficulty and we propose a problem formulation for the adaptive state-feedback tracking problem that meets the natural prerequisite that it reduces to the state-feedback tracking problem if the parameters are known. A general methodology for solving the problem is derived.


Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) can be frequently observed after lung transplantation with various causes, for example, calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) toxicity or infectious disease (1). Atypical hemolytic-uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a disease related to unregulated complement progression also associated with TMA lesions (2). Plasma exchange or infusion was used to control the progression of the disease, but this therapy is invasive and not effective in all patients. The treatment and the prognosis of aHUS and its recurrence on the renal graft have been modified by the use of eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody that targets complement factor C5 and blocks the activation of the terminal complement cascade. This humanized monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria has been recently approved for the treatment of aHUS or its recurrence (3, 4). We report here on the efficacy of eculizumab in a combined lung and kidney transplant recipient who presented TMA in the initial period after transplantation. The patient was a 45-yearfemale who developed end-stage lung disease because of pulmonary fibrosis related to sarcoidosis. She presented an end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with TMA lesion on the renal biopsies of her native kidney performed in 1998 and 2006. The initial nephropathy was considered to be aHUS. However, screening for regulatory factors of the complement system mutations or antibodies against complement factor H was negative. Hemodialysis therapy was initiated in 2008 and she was enlisted for a combined lung and kidney transplantation in 2010. She received a lung and kidney transplant from a deceased donor aged 22. She was not sensitized. Initial immunosuppressive regimen associated polyclonal antithymocyte antibodies, cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and steroids. The evolution of the lung transplant was uneventful. The initial evolution of kidney transplant was excellent with a serum creatinine at 72 Kmol/L on day 5. From day 3, the platelet count falls to reach 22,000/mm, the hemoglobin was 11.4 g/dL, the lactate dehydrogenase level was 857 UI/mL, haptoglobin was decreased to 0.07 g/L, and the creatinine was 91 Kmol/L. The suspected etiologies of this TMA were either a recurrence of aHUS or acute CNI toxicity, although the cyclosporine through levels were within target (145 ng/mL). The renal evolution was unfavorable leading to the initiation of dialysis at performed with no improvement of renal function or platelet count. Eculizumab therapy was started consisting in 900 mg on day 15 and weekly thereafter until day 36. She had received prior meningococcal vaccine and antibioprophylaxis by oracillin maintained during the whole period of treatment. Hemolysis resolved, haptoglobin, and platelet count increased to normal limits and progressively renal graft recovered function leading to dialysis interruption. A renal biopsy was performed on day 20. It revealed no TMA lesion but acute tubular necrosis compatible with CNI toxicity. Histologically, we cannot definitely discriminate between aHUS recurrence and CNI toxicity. The ESRD occurred frequently after transplantation because of CNI nephrotoxicity. On native kidney biopsies in lung transplant recipients, CNI nephrotoxicity is present in 93.3% associated with TMA in 46.7% (1). We know that genetic polymorphisms of complement increased susceptibility to CNI toxicity (5). In our case, we postulate that CNI toxicity could induce an inappropriate regulation of the alternative complement pathway and so an aHUS recurrence. Our observation suggests the positive effect of eculizumab when ESRD occurs after transplantation secondary to CNI toxicity. In this context, eculizumab may be an interesting therapeutic option. FIGURE 1. Treatment effects on posttransplantation TMA: platelet count and haptoglobin evolution with treatment. LETTERS TO THE EDITOR


It is well established that Building Information Modeling (BIM) has had a significant impact on the way Architects and their firms view and approach design projects, and, to a larger extent, how this evolution is influencing and advancing workflow in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry as a whole. What is not as clear is how the academy is responding to these changes, and the challenges associated with integrating the complexities of a fast-emerging technology into the architectural curriculum. Recent developments in visual programming environments that function as integrated components of the BIM software point to new ways to interact with the emerging and evolving BIM paradigm now common to most educators. Presenting this material comprehensively across the program curriculum is difficult since the expertise to develop course-specific computational content may not yet exist. This idea of exploring computational visual programming across the curriculum can be envisioned as a tool for reimagining aspects of the process of design education and learning methodologies. Core evolving features of using this technology are the ability to include new collaborators, create real-time collaboration across web interfaces, provide design participants interactive design tools, compress design development cycles, and create more efficient designs that enhance beauty and functionality. This examination explores a methodology of applying computational frameworks into coursework throughout the curriculum. It is proposed that building learning components in a modular form will allow both educators and students improved accessibility to the concepts. Underpinning this modular approach is the availability of using node based parametric modeling tools to extend BIM software, notably Dynamo for Revit, and the nodes being developed for it by the design community. Course materials are envisioned around a preconstructed BIM model (or one developed for the course) and will use guide documents and step-by-step video instructional support to simplify inclusion into the course. Conceived to be one class period in length with the exercise completed outside of class, a few examples will be explored and developed for this initial survey. Instructors would use the material directly or as boilerplate for customizing it to varying instructional situations. Specifically this learning framework uses visual programming experiences applied to parametric elements (glazing, wall type, room shape etc.) to achieve insight into specific course concepts. For example, in a course section on life safety codes, egress distances can be explored using parametric tools that calculate distance COMPREHENSIVE BIM INTEGRATION dynamically as rooms and exit doors are moved during design development of a mockup model. Students will work from a model and then add code and components allowing for conformance reporting. In another example for energy analysis, a parametric louver system might be adjusted in real time in simulations to optimize orientation. Analysis will also include a deeper exploration of the BIM component, and exploiting it using advanced expression of embedded data using visual code and computational concepts. In addition to looking inward at BIM components, possibly more impactful will be looking outward to model sharing across the browser using WebGL (web graphic software) and code for web and other new functionality now part of standard browser features. Both learning experiences prepare us for the future of integrating AI and machine learning into design tasks. These individual experience "modules" embedded throughout the curriculum have the ability to connect information to design, allow interactivity and facilitate collaboration with potentially new outcomes. This might create new ways of sustaining creativity and interest in this evolving aspect of design education that might otherwise appear as a "dry" subject. The Relevance of Visual Programming Throughout the Curriculum Just as the BIM paradigm has become fundamental in architectural education and shifted thinking on many aspects of design education, it is likely that computational design and visual programming will have similar profession-wide effects. It is not surprising that many AEC conferences feature presentations by leading firms illustrating the use of visual programming and computational design as a strategic component of the design process. These presentations, by the nature of their sophistication and complexity, are also uniquely interesting. Typically, they describe the coordination between a team of experienced users as a significant element of successful implementation. It is natural with this level of inherent complexity that computational design and visual programming are treated as specialized technologies and presented in stand-alone advanced courses. To address the idea that this is a complex "high level" concept reserved for advanced courses, the initial program development focuses on learning experience modules that have the potential for being most impactful and accessibility. A design or analysis task that would be difficult to accomplish any other way or with great difficulty has the potential demonstrate usefulness and encourage engagement especially if it can be demonstrated to be implemented with relatively ease. The best known computational design visual programming environment (CDVPE) for architectural use is Grasshopper, first released in 2007 as a tool for McNeel Associate's Rhino modeling software. Rhino was quickly adopted by students and architects interested in developing complex but very accurate NURBS defined geometries and Grasshopper allowed for detailed component development on these surfaces. This positioned both the software and the resulting architectural forms at the advanced level in terms of perception. Knowing the history of the development of these tools helps us understand how it is positioned and perceived today. It is useful to start with an examination about the breadth of the utility of Grasshopper specifically because of the COMPREHENSIVE BIM INTEGRATION expansive plugins and application this software is used for. A list of plugins to accomplish tasks (some are just in early stages of development while others are mature products) include: ● Daylight and Energy Simulation (Ladybug Tools) ● Structural Analysis (Karamba 3D) ● Acoustic Analysis (Pachyderm) ● Behavioral Space Planning (Space Syntax) ● Evolutionary Problem Solving (Galapagos) ● Form Finding (Kangaroo) Since the tools that augment the visual programming software extend its utility to many aspects of architectural design and learning, it is an opportunity to look for ways integrate them throughout established courses. Already, computational design techniques are being applied in industry to achieve objectives that are also taught in architectural course, but without the advantages of these techniques. And while CDVPE's are not currently fundamental to the process it may be informative, creating an important foundation for the evolution of these techniques and better preparing students for the technological changes happening in practice. Still, having applicable technologies (task specific nodes in the case of CDVPE) is only one element of making it a useful and meaningful educationally. For lessons to work in a proposed modular fashion, they must be both manageable in scope (fit in the time allotted) and be able to expand on the concept in a way that advances thinking. Building these modules successfully will require effort, coordination and desire by all stakeholders. Fortunately we have many examples of computational tools that are creating academic interest because of their usefulness. For example, for environmental design courses (i.e., Environmental Controls 1&2) "Some of the world's leading architectural practices have developed teams with a special focus on sustainability have implemented the use of building simulation, parametric design techniques and customized computational tools."1 (Emanuele Naboni 2013). In courses that focus on building codes and compliance (i.e., Municipal Codes and Regulations) research is being done on automated techniques using visual programming to check BIM models for code compliance.2 (Preidela and Borrmanna 2015) Space planning components of studio work could anticipate exploring the mapping of space utilization in the BIM model by using data sets of occupant behavior integrated into a visual representation with Dynamo.3 (McGinley and Fong 2015) Delivering Visual Programming Learning Objectives Throughout the Curriculum With Insertions Into Existing Courses We are already familiar with the fragmented (but improving) application of BIM being applied throughout design education curriculum in the last decade. The BIM model can provide the framework on which to build visual computational concepts. The idea of bridging curricula is not new. "For AEC education to set the pace for industry, the siloing of curricula must be broken down through integration of the disciplines, similarly to what is seen in the industry."4 (Becerik-Gerber, et al. 2011) Making curriculum space for the inclusion of new ideas and technologies presents unique challenges. Adding courses seems a cumbersome and fragmented way to introduce ideas that are basic and comprehensive. Our work with developing modular learning components for COMPREHENSIVE BIM INTEGRATION both BIM and Visual programming course work at SUNY Alfred State indicates a potential methodology. CDVPE Concept Accessibility Before considering the introduction of computational design concepts to a pre-existing curriculum at the undergraduate level, it is important to gain insight on how early in the sequence students can grasp the concepts well enough to create meaningful learning experiences. To help us answer this question, in the spring of 2017 faculty introduced a computational des


It is important to note that my presentation was a summary of our work and that a paper with a fuller description of procedures and detailed tables and risk estimates will be published in another journal (1). One questioner asked what factors determined "no exposure" and what proportions of the cases and controls had no exposure? For each place of residence or work, the following factors could have led to an absence of exposure to Sultan River drinking water: (1) the place was located outside the boundaries of the Sultan River distribution system; (2) the place was located inside the boundaries of the Sultan River distribution system at a time when the Sultan River was not on line as a source of water for that area; (3) a subject worked at a job that, though based in the Sultan River area, involved extensive travel away from the place of employment; and (4) the subject did not use a community water supply, as water was obtained from a well, bottle or other sources. There was no estimated exposure to asbestos in drinking water in 1% of the cases and 0.6% of the controls. The asbestos concentration in the drinking water from the Sultan River was specifically measured. Twenty-two samples were taken from the distribution system from June 1978 to April 1979. There was quite a large seasonal variation in concentration. After correction for seasonal variation, we found that the concentrations varied only randomly across the Sultan River area. The average of all uncorrected concentrations was used as


Iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared by adsorption phase synthesis (APS), impregnation method (IM) and precipitation synthesis (PS). The grain sizes of Fe2O3 prepared by APS and IM were much smaller than that by PS. In the APS process, when the reaction took place in the adsorption layer, strong chemical bonds between Fe2O3 particles and silica could be built, which inhibited the phase transformation from γ-Fe2O3 to α-Fe2O3 during the calcination process. The physical interaction did not restrain the crystal transformation although the restriction on the aggregation of Fe2O3 particles was obvious.


S urrealism is a literature and art school prevailing between two world wars. The inspiration and source of artistic creation mostly come from expression and symbolization of subconscious. Psychoanalytic theory of Freud is an important theoretical basis of surrealism. This paper aims at analyzing surrealism from the angle of vision and exploring how Dali expresses his dreamland through unique subconscious symbol. Keywords—the subconscious; dreamland; psychoanalytic theory; visual arts; Dali I. INTRODU CTION In early 20th century, Freud founded psychoanalytic theory. The achievement and historical status of psychoanalysis lie in that it puts forward for the first time that aesthetics and art are built on human's subconscious, and makes subconscious become human's spiritual essence for the first time. (1) Subconscious is a special mental state and a person's internal mental process. Meanwhile, subconscious is also the best way to understand thoroughly people's inner thoughts. Surrealism is a literature and art school started from France. Its theory is influenced by psychanalysis of Freud, and advocates abandoning the reality image based on logical and ordered experience memory, and presenting the image world in human's deep psychology. Dali is a representative of surrealism painting. His works has a far- reaching influence on visual arts.. II. THE SUBCONSCIOUS AND ITS INVISI BILITY Sigmun d Freud is the person who put forward the theory that human being have subconscious for the first time. This theory reveals the so-called unconsciousness and subconscious which are hidden in the heart, cannot be touched by people's consciousness, but have decisive significance for people's behavior. What are consciousness and subconscious after all? Some of human psychological activities can be perceived by us. As long as we focus attention, we can find ideas, images or emotions continually coming out of inner heart. Such mental activities can be realized by ourselves are called consciousness. However, some instinctive impulses, repressed desires or vitalities are unconsciously occurred in potential state. Since they do not conform to social morality and reasonable sense, they cannot be perceived by individual. The latent and unperceivable mental activities, such as thought, idea and desire, are called subconscious. Freud divides human consciousness into three levels, namely, consciousness, preconsciousness and subconscious. Subconscious includes human's original impulse and various instincts; it is an irrational mental activity which is hidden deep inside, and cannot be realized or experienced by people under normal condition. There are instincts and desires which cannot be accepted by rationality and morality in the bottom of human's psychology. These potential strengths are the real "inner self" of individual life. Among which, the most intense is sexuality. The "inner self" in people's heart is the most fundamental motive power controlling human's behavior and thought. Although it is depressed by realistic norm, it often shows in the form of dream. Dream is a disguised satisfaction of subconscious, representing the most real aspect of humanity. (2) He analyzed the presentation of subconscious--dream in the Interpretation of Dream. He holds that dream is the most direct manifestation pattern of unconsciousness and subconscious, and an abreaction of instinct completely out of rational control. It reveals the undisclosed essence in the depth of human's soul. Dreamland refers to various fantasy scenes in consciousness. Researchers including Freud hold that dream is based on life experience and living environment, and comes from reality. Reality is external, specified, real and visible. But dreamland is internal, unconstrained, illusory and invisible. Everyone dreams, but the dreamland is different, weird, and joyful, even twisted and blur. Subconscious is the best way to set the sheltered "inner self" free. One cannot directly see the other's dreamland. The indirect means generally makes use of language description, but it cannot completely disclose the dreamland.


OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of telmisartan in the treatment of hypertension.METHODS:The efficacy and safety of telmisartan versus losartan in treating hypertension reported in 5 studies were comprehensively evaluated with the meta-analysis in homogeneity test and combined test.RESULTS:Of the five randomized controlled trials(RCT) in which 771 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included,two studies were of high methodological quality according to Jadad scale.Meta analysis indicated that there was statistical significance between telmisartan and losartan in effectiveness(OR=1.55,95% confidence interval(1.12,2.16),P0.05),but no statistical significance was noted in safety(OR=1.03,95% confidence interval(0.70,1.53),P0.05).CONCLUSION:The effectiveness of telmisartan in the treatment of hypertension is significantly higher than that of losartan;however,there is no signficant differce in safety between the two drugs.


An optical hygrometer has been developed to make night-time measurements of water vapor in the upper atmosphere using the technique of photofragment fluorescence. Hygrometer uses the fluoroscence at wavelengths near 310 nm of excited OH molecules produced in the photodissociation of water molecules by UV radiation with hydrogen lamp (121.6 nm). A coaxial optical scheme is used. A compact hydrogen lamp is aligned along the axis of the instrument, inside the annular fast focusing optics. It provides the effective convergence of fluorescence from a large angle and thus increase the sensitivity of this method. The modulation of the hydrogen lamp with the frequency 1 kHz is used. Specially designed laboratory technique for calibration of the hygrometer is described. Total weight of the optical hygrometer is about 3 kg. It can be easily integrated with the Vaisala RS-80 radio sonde. This allows us to obtain reliable real-time data on temperature, pressure, and water vapor concentrations in the upper troposphere and stratosphere.


Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a serious complication of organ transplantation. We report a case series on the diagnosis, treatment and outcome of PTLD in lung transplant recipients. From 1991 to 2006, 27 (5%) of the 502 lung transplant recipients at our institution developed PTLD. The median age at transplant was 51.5 years (range 21–65 years) and the median time from transplant to PTLD diagnosis was 33.7 months (range 1–174 months). Most cases had an elevated LDH (86%) and were EBV-positive (85%). Of the cases tested (n=14), 64% were monoclonal. PTLD was most commonly diagnosed in the lung (56%) and gastrointestinal tract (26%). Three patients were diagnosed at autopsy, while the remaining 24 received therapy. Eight patients were initially treated with reduced immunosuppression (RI) alone, but only 3 (38%) obtained a complete response (CR). Rituxan (R) was used alone (n=3) or in combination with RI (n=3) as initial therapy in six patients, four of whom obtained a CR. Five patients utilized RI +/− surgical resection as a primary treatment modality, all of whom achieved a CR. However, all of them relapsed and required further treatment. Of these five patients initially treated with RI +/− surgical resection, a CR was reestablished in 3 using rituxan alone (1/3), combined rituxan and reduced immunosuppression (1/3) and radiation treatment alone (1/3). The remaining five patients from the 24 patients receiving induction therapy for PTLD were given other treatments. With an average follow-up of 28 months (range 1-130 months), 81% of patients have died. However, only 18% of deaths were directly related to progressive PTLD. The remaining 17 deaths were due to: infection unrelated to PTLD treatment (15%), multi-organ failure (7%), graft failure not due to RI (30%), stroke (4%), and renal failure (4%). Most deaths can be attributed to disease specific and posttransplant complications rather than PTLD. Although an unfortunate diagnosis, PTLD is responsive to therapy, particularly reduced immunosuppression and rituximab.


In the context of an ever-increasing availability of computing power, the development of robust methods for the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of turbulent flows in complex geometries remains a key challenge for engineering applications in CFD such as aerodynamics or ocean and atmosphere modelling. As resolution of all turbulent scales is by definition not possible, only largest scales in flows are represented while a subgrid viscosity is usually constructed to take into account of the energy of the small vorticial structures. Such methods, like Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes turbulent models, have been historically chosen for their computing efficiency, with the compromise of requiring (possibly non-trivial) ad hoc physical modelling.


This work reviews the impact of coal energy utilization as a viable energy mix option for Nigeria. Adequate power supply is unavoidably a prerequisite for any nation's growth and development. Electric power drives industrialization, which improves communication, helps innovation in science and technology, provides sound healthcare delivery system and generally improves the standard of living of citizens. Nigeria's economy face growing challenges: a widening trade imbalance, growing competition from developed countries, a collapse of big manufacturing companies, and a sharp increase in the cost of doing business, all owing basically to energy and its related infrastructural costs. Recent years have seen government's desire to increase electricity generation through the utilization of its abundant coal deposits but the challenges are still not surmounted. These challenges and recommendations on the way to overcome them are also highlighted. It is the issue of "getting it right the first time" that this work emphasizes hence it is among the short range reviews of the energy problem in Nigeria.


Several unsettled issues related to the day-to-day experience of work and family roles were investigated through the daily reports of 41 employed parents. Multiple role juggling, task demands, pers...


We compare the notion of higher-dimensional convexity, as defined by Carriere, for real projective manifolds with the existence of hemispheres. We show that if an i-convex real projective manifold M of dimension n for an integer i with 0 0, is given by an atlas of charts to the sphere Sn where transition functions of the charts are restrictions of projective automorphisms of Sn . An RPn-manifold is a manifold with an RPn-structure, and a projective map is an immersion-preserving real projective structures locally. The Klein model of hyperbolic geometry implies that n-dimensional hyperbolic manifolds provide examples of RPn-manifolds. (See [2] and [3].) Throughout this paper, let M be an RPn-manifold; let M denote the universal cover of M with the induced RPn-structure. M has a developing map dev: M , Sn, a projective map. The sphere Sn has a standard Riemannian metric u of curvature 1 and the associated distance metric d. Note that dev induces a Riemannian metric u on M from Sn. Associated with u is the induced distance metric d on M. The completion A of M is obtained by completing d. Let a be the frontier set A M. The sets A and a are topologically independent of the choice of dev, and dev extends uniquely to a distance decreasing map on K. The extended map is also called a developing map and is denoted by the same symbol dev. Let i be an integer such that 0 < i < n holds. A great i-sphere is a totally geodesic i-dimensional sphere imbedded in Sn; a subset of M for which the restriction of dev is an imbedding onto a great i-sphere in Sn is also called a great i-sphere. A great i-ball is a hemisphere of a great i-sphere Si in Sn; a Received by the editors August 23, 1991 and, in revised form, January 8, 1993. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 53CG0, 53C15, 57M50; Secondary 51A05, 52A01.


: While there is increasing interest in the use of art therapy for psychiatric conditions, there have been few systematic reviews completed on the subject. As a result, this review sought to investigate current research and bring to light its efficacy in the treatment of depression. Art therapy can be used as a therapeutic intervention for depression by using art as a medium through which to explore and express emotions, symbols, and thoughts. Furthermore, art therapy can be used in conjunction with other therapies for depression, such as psychotherapy or medication. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the current research into art therapy conducted on depressive disorders and to discover whether it is effective in the treatment of depression. Art therapy targets individuals with a variety of issues (e.g., anxiety, stress, low self-esteem, and grief). The therapeutic value, therefore, lies within the cathartic process one undergoes while creating and exploring their artwork from which these issues are explored and identified. The psychology of art therapy, both from a theoretical and practical perspective, is central to the theories of art therapy. Art therapists use art as the medium through which to act out the client's mental states and emotions. The systemic literature review identifies art therapy as an effective intervention for depression.


Violence and aggression refer to a range of behaviours or actions that can result in harm, hurt or injury to another person, regardless of whether the violence or aggression is physical or verbal, whether physical harm is sustained or whether the intention is clear. Between 2013 and 2014, there were 68 683 assaults reported against National Health Service (NHS) staff in England, of which 25% involved primary care staff (1). A majority of GPs report experiencing violence at some point over the course of their careers (2–5). These incidents have the potential to impact on the safe working of primary care staff and GPs, as well as affecting the care that patients receive. However, a significant proportion of violence in health care settings goes unreported (6). Violence against doctors has become an increasingly concerning international phenomenon with the COVID-19 pandemic (7,8) and this includes doctors in primary care settings (9). The International Committee of the Red Cross recorded over 600 incidents of threats and violence towards health care workers between February and July 2020 and this is acknowledged to be an underestimate (7). A large study from China reported that over 2800 doctors, nearly one in five surveyed, had experienced verbal or physical violence during the pandemic (10). There is a paucity of data on absolute rates of violence in different practice settings but reports from the international medical community are cause for growing concern. Attacks on health care workers during the pandemic have included, for example, throwing of faeces and sending of funeral wreaths to doctors in Latin America, a denial of funeral rites to a deceased doctor in India, the stabbing of a doctor in India, an attack on a health care worker by a mob in Russia, an attack with bleach in the Philippines as well as gunrelated violence towards doctors in parts of Pakistan (11–14). There remains a relative paucity of research in the area of interventions aimed at reducing such violence. Causes of violence in primary care


The RT standard SY/T 4109—2005 of weld seam ray detection technology and assessment of film in the practical application for the long-distance pipeline was discussed,through the comparison,the practicability of the new standard was high-lighted.


Fluorescent colorimetric test paper has broad prospects for the detection of different environments, medicines and foods by observing the variations of fluorescence brightness and color with the naked eye. Unlike classical pH test papers, however, it is usually limited in qualitative detection by fluorescence brightness and color, and colorimetry-based quantification remains a challenging task. Herein, a novel dual-colored carbon dot (CD) ratiometric fluorescent test paper has been developed for the semi-quantitative and visual assay of mercury ions (Hg2+) by a dose-sensitive color evolution. The blue fluorescence can be sensitively and selectively quenched by Hg2+, while the red fluorescence serves as the internal reference, inducing a distinguishable fluorescence color change from blue to red under illumination by a UV lamp and resulting in the ultrasensitive and visual detection of aqueous Hg2+. The detection limit of this highly sensitive ratiometric probe is as low as 0.14 nM. Moreover, a fluorescent test paper was constructed by printing "ink" onto a piece of filter paper with the probe solution, and a serial color evolution from blue to purple, pink and finally to red with the addition of Hg2+ was displayed, which provides a convenient and simple approach for the visual detection of Hg2+. Meanwhile, the as-prepared fluorescent colorimetric test paper was also successfully applied for the determination of Hg2+ in real water samples.


Objective To investigate the correlation of orbital scintigraphy with 99Tcm-somatostatin analogue and clinical activity score in patients with thyroid associated ophthalmopathy.Methods There were 62 cases of TAO and 11 volunteers without eye disease or thyroid disease (control group, CG ).Based on the clinical activity score (CAS),all TAO patients were divided into 2 groups,active group (AG)and inactive group (IAG).AII the patients and volunteers were performeded orbital scintigraphy with 99Tcm-somatostatin analogue and calculated the uptake ratios(UR).Results The mean number of the 99Tcm-somatostatin analogue orbit uptake ratio of three groups were 1.50±0.25, 1.08±0.42 and 1.07±0.20 respectively; the clinical activity score of AG and IAG were 5.17±0.48 and 1.58±0.86 respectively.UR of AG is higher than that of IAG and CG (P 0.05).Statistically significant correlation was found between CAS and UR (UIall vs.CASall,r=0.872;URact vs.CASact,r=0.789;URinact vs. CASinact,r=0.758).Conclusions orbital scintigraphy with 99Tcm-somatostatin analogue is a fairly objective method for judging activity of inflammation in TAO based on the distribution of somatostatin analogue receptor.There is a good correlation between CAS and UR.

Key words:
TAO; receptor,somatostatin analogue; Tc,CAS


The "density-density" correlation function of conduction electrons in metal is investigated. It is shown, that the asymptotic behaviour of the CF depends on the shape and the local geometry of the Fermi surface. In particular, the exponent of power law which describes the damping of Friedel oscillations at r → ∞ ( − 4 for an isotropic Fermi gas) is determined by local geometry of the FS. The applications of the obtained results to calculations of the CF in a metal near the electron topological transition and of the RKKY exchange integral are considered as well.


Turnover intentions in academic institutions has become one of the main concern of the management as surviving and achieving excellence is very much about having the knowledgeable and committed employee. Therefore, it is one of the main and foremost issue for a management of higher education institution to give important. There are many factors that influence an academician to have turnover intentions. Hence, this study's focus was to investigate the relationship between role ambiguity, work-overload, work family conflict, co-workers warmth, co-workers competence and turnover intentions. The variables studied in this paper were analyse from a research framework. The finding of this study has been discussed on role ambiguity, work-overload, work family conflict, co-workers warmth, co-workers competence and turnover intentions. Conclusion has been drawn from the support of literature that states that the variables influences on turnover intentions. This paper's finding provides valuable guidance for researcher and practitioners to overcome and improve the current mechanism to reduce turnover intentions. The research has also found few new paths for thinking on how to manage employees that having turnover intentions in any organizations.


Objective To explore the effect of misoprostol for cervix mollification and pain remission in hysteroscopy.Methods One hundred and sixty six cases were randomly divided into observation group(n=83) and control group(n=83).Thepatients in observation grouup were given 0.6 mg misoprostol by mouth three hours before hysteroscopy,and the patients in control group with 9 mL cervix injection of 10 g·L-1 lidocaine two minutes before the operation.Both groups were given 100mg intrarectal-placing diclofenac sodium 30 minutes before hysteroscopy.Results The total cervix mollifilation rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P0.01).The pain relieved much more in the observation group than that in the control group(P0.05,P0.01).Conclusion Misoprostol can effectively mollify cervix and relieve pain during hysteroscopy.


A mobile robot with hopping ability is constructed.In the flat environment,the robot moves with its wheels.In the environment with obstacles and ditches,the robot can hop to extend its motion range.The architecture of the robot mechanical system,the structure of the robot body,the hopping stance and the locomotion process are introduced.The hopping mechanical system,the hopping parameter adjusting system,and the overturning system are analyzed in detail,and the system design is presented.Some key parameters of the robot are determined according to requirements of the overall design.


Women living in demote area of west,are not only limited to poor environment and few resources,but also have been deeply restricted to the unequal restriction of gender develoment.With the government's poverty-reduction policy and other pertinent policies advancing on,life of this group has been largely ameliorated.Besides,there are also quite a few NGOs devoting on solving these problems.They stand on the perspective of empowerment,by the means of diverse activities,aiming at improving life quality of this special group.Basing on the women empowerment program by International Plan and Journal of Rural Women,this paper tries to present a general view of social development of rural women in this area,and aims at giving an efficient suggestion on gender development.


The agricultural sector faces a continuous process of structural change, which has important consequences for productivity and efficiency of farming. A consistent way of monitoring this process, and to support related policy making, is to analyse the performance of agricultural farms with productive efficiency techniques. In this chapter, the impact of managerial and structural characteristics on farm efficiency is analysed with a stochastic frontier model. First, an overview is given of similar studies looking to relations between structural characteristics, agent factors, and efficiency. Next, an empirical productive efficiency analysis is done on an unbalanced panel of 1018 Flemish farms over a 14-years period (1989-2002). The stochastic production frontier is estimated using the random-effects model with timeinvariant efficiency, and with the translog as functional form. Finally, the stochastic production function is extended with extra regressors, to understand why farms differ in their relative efficiency. Empirical results show significant effects of education, the prospect of succession, farm size, type and location, age of farmers, solvency, and dependency on subsidies. Results are discussed in terms of capacities and incentives to perform better. Insight of the impact of these determinants helps to understand the driving factors of structural change and how policy may respond to it.


The United States off ers a decade-long illustration of the implementation of a major policy initiative for art and culture across the nation's cities and towns. In this article, we focus on the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA), and its companion ArtPlace and Our Town initiative
 around place-making, as they have developed since 2009. We describe the challenges that almost eliminated the NEA in the 1990s, the subsequent advocacy shift towards the economic impact of the arts, and the emergence of the Our Town initiative in 2011. We analyse the policy initiatives, their
 rationales and implementation. We conclude with lessons and ways to improve practice in relation to the roles of artists and arts organizations covering issues of displacement, gentrification and racism (often unanticipated challenges for communities and funders); the impact of the arts in
 economic terms; and evaluative challenges for funders and place-makers, especially given cultural diversity and 'place-keeping' priorities.


In order to grow large single crystals of high quality, a physico-chemical investigation has been carried out on the growth system of YBa2Cu3O7 –y(YBCO). The phase diagram of the flux system BaO–CuO was established by improved thermogravimetric analysis (ITG), which confirmed the eutectic composition of 0.28 BaO + 0.72 CuO. The phase diagram of (Y0.99Pr0.01)BCO–(0.28 BaO + 0.72 CuO) by differential thermal analysis (DTA) showed a narrow liquidus range and is applied here to the crystal growth of YBCO. The effects of various additives on the crystal growth and superconductivity have been examined; the best additive was found to be a small amount of BaF2, which improved the size and the quality of the superconducting crystals. The functions of the fluoride ion are discussed on the basis of the mixed-cluster model. The preferential adsorption of F– on the crystal surface encourages more effective crystal growth by a screw dislocation mechanism. As a result, single crystals up to 20 × 10 × 0.5 or 12 × 10 × 1 mm3 in size have been obtained from the flux system and a superconducting transition temperature of 92.5 K with transition width < 1 K has been reached in the as-grown state.


Despite the growing demand, the acquisition of multi-spectral data is still very complicated. Often, expensive, inflexible, or low resolution acquisition setups are only obtainable for specific professional applications. To overcome these limitations, a novel camera array for multispectral imaging is presented for generating consistent multi-spectral videos. As differing spectral images are acquired at various viewpoints, a geometrically constrained multi-camera sensor layout is introduced, which enables the formulation of novel registration and reconstruction algorithms to globally set up robust models.On average, the novel acquisition approach achieves a gain of 2.5dB PSNR compared to recently published multispectral filter array imaging systems. Moreover, depth information is generated, so that 3D imaging applications, e.g., for augmented or virtual reality, become possible. The proposed camera array for multispectral imaging can be set up using off-the-shelf hardware,which allows for a compact design and employment in, e.g., mobile devices or drones, while being cost effective


This article analyses maize marketing and its implications for producers, traders and consumers in one area of Mozambique before and after Independence. On the basis of this case, it discusses some of the policy problems encountered by the Mozambican government between 1977 and 1983 in planning agricultural marketing in the context of the wider objective of socialist transformation and development of agriculture.


An implant (prosthesis) which comprises biological material on the surface which is to face the body tissue. The surface is formed from a layer 3 which consists of a mixture of granules 5 of a tissue-compatible nature and finely divided, tissue-compatible biological material 4. In a process for producing the implant, use is made of an implant element 2 and a mixture of granules 5 of a tissue- compatible nature and finely divided tissue-compatible biological material 4, and also a nutrient solution 6 for the latter, in a mould 8. The biological material in the mould is allowed to grow out to the delimiting wall of the mould cavity as well as in towards the implant element.


Manually powered hand tricycles are commonly used vehicles used by the mobility challenged for conveyance and transportation in India. However, the existing models are inadequate in many essential features. The authors have developed a new design, which can be configured according to the user's requirement and comfort. The features that are adjustable are the driving mechanism, seat height, and inclination, back-rest inclination, and foot-rests. Telescopic tubes are used in all the modular features.


Currently I would suggest using the Amazon programs to obtain Principles And Practices Of Automatic Process Control. Obtain free open textbooks at the start book library for the classes Principles And Practices Of Automatic Process Control Download PDF. It is another free online selection which provides a sizable collection of free ebooks, you can even include your chosen publications to the library and read it later Principles And Practices Of Automatic Process Control Download PDF. Before getting any type of guide assure whether it has been published in guide format because or even then very impossible you'll find it on the web, guide Principles And Practices Of Automatic Process Control is ready for obtain 24 hours per day on our platform. E-book Principles And Practices Of Automatic Process Control and a number of other books may be picked divided in to the category increase our site has so several categories it features a largely old series if you are enthusiastic about the previous series then you can certainly definitely choose it. This software has a very large number of new and previous all kinds of books additionally, it provides free and paid books you can get tens and thousands of publications for free such as Principles And Practices Of Automatic Process Control Download PDF, it's a category you can just pick and view your favorite publications and only download. If you want Principles And Practices Of Automatic Process Control Download PDF PDF ebooks accessible, this site can most readily useful suit you. The most effective site to download Principles And Practices Of Automatic Process Control and all forms of ebooks. They have about 2.5 million books. Our crawlers are continually checking the planet wide internet to incorporate PDF files to the database with Principles And Practices Of Automatic Process Control presently in it. Our website offers guidelines centered in your pursuits and new searches of Principles And Practices Of Automatic Process Control. Click on the keys below to download Principles And Practices Of Automatic Process Control Download PDF. Pick Acquire PDF, you are able to acquire Principles And Practices Of Automatic Process Control Download PDF PDF. Some time, it'll start the PDF directly. It won't spend your time. claim you'll me, the e-book can really uncover you different concern to read. Just spend little adult to gate that on-line recognize Principles And Practices Of Automatic Process Control as competently as evaluation them wherever you are now. This is similarly among the factors by getting the smooth documents with this Principles And Practices Of Automatic Process Control Download PDF online. You might perhaps not involve more epoch to pay to go to the commencement of the guide as without trouble as search for them. In some instances, you similarly realize maybe not to find out the assertion Principles And Practices Of Automatic Process Control Download PDF that you are looking for. It'll tremendously squander the time. Comprehending as without difficulty as an agreement also a lot more than new gives each success. bordering to, the statement, as well as perspicacity of this Principles And Practices Of Automatic Process Control, may be taken as properly as selected to act. As recognized, experience as without problem as experience virtually training, fun, as skillfully as conformity may be gotten by just looking at a book Principles And Practices Of


Texture properties are important indices for the evaluation of Bologna sausage quality. The
development of kinetic models describing the evolution of the texture property during the cooking process is a
key step to further build a proper quality control system as well as to search for the optimized processing conditions while establishing cooking-cooling cycles. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of
cooking temperature and time on texture properties, to determine correlation coefficients between various
texture properties (i.e. hardness, springiness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness and
resilience), and to develop kinetic models of selected texture properties as a function of cooking temperature
and time. Texture properties were measured using a TA-XT2 Texture Analyzer. For all test samples, a double
compression procedure (Texture Profile Analysis or TPA) was used at a speed of 0.8 mm/s. Cooking
conditions were established at 5 levels of cooking temperature from 50 to 70oC and 5 levels of cooking time
from 10 to 30 min. Statistical analyses were performed to include an analysis of variance (ANOVA), a
correlation matrix analysis, and a multiple regression analysis. Results showed that cooking conditions
(temperature and time) and their interaction significantly affected the texture properties except for the
adhesiveness (p 0.01). A significant correlation (p 0.01) was found between gumminess and chewiness. The
relationship between cooking temperature and time and texture properties can be well described by a second
order polynomial equation. Using a multiple variable nonlinear regression analysis, kinetic models were
developed as a function of temperature and time for hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness.
Statistical results showed that these kinetic models can be safely used for the prediction of Bologna sausage
texture properties within the range of experimental cooking conditions.


This contribution is a collective attempt to map the terrain of Christian ecotheology on the basis of the metaphor of a journey. Various dimensions of this journey are identified and described. The context within which this contribution emerged is described in the editorial. It follows upon a colloquium that took place in San Francisco in November 2011.


Medieval 'dancing mania' has until recently remained an enigma in medical and religious history. This is because scholars tend to view it as an invariable medical syndrome instead of examining it as an example of the historicity of illness as semantic network. Taking the latter approach allows for grasping the phenomenon as a form of insanity specific to the Rhine basin of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, though one whose roots can be traced to the early medieval reception of platonic cosmology and 'theurgy'. This paper examines the legend of the Kölbigk dancers in the above perspective and establishes that its chief motif goes back to Sulpicius Severus' reception of 'Iamblichus' 'de mysteriis'. Thus, dancing mania appears to have been a form of insanity, indeed, but one constructed through religious narratives.


In order to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional methods in performance assessment of professional sports clubs,the article suggests to apply Balanced Score-Card and establish a series of assessment indices in the following four aspects:finance,customer,internal operation,learning innovation. Then AHP can be applied to evaluate the performance of professional sports clubs.


On the face of it, Eisenstein's attempted history of modern feminist ideas adopts a very liberal, very pluralist approach. Her stated intention is to &dquo;let a hundred or a thousand flowers bloom&dquo; and &dquo;to be clear only about what some of the differences are and to discuss them openly&dquo;) Eisenstein's 'tolerance' is, I suggest, somewhat spurious and illadvised from two points of view. The fact that feminism is an historical phenomenon with certain broad limits and recognisable demands is implicitly affirmed by the very project of the book which undertakes a survey of main trends in contemporary feminist thought. By making explicit these constitutive limits and demands we can, I suggest, develop useful criteria for distinguishing the relative value and plausibility of the various feminisms. Secondly, Eisenstein's advocacy of a pluralist approach is not very suitable to the reconstruction of the developing ideas of a social movement. The changing perspectives of feminist theory broadly reflect the altered experience and objectives of the movement itself and, in this situation, mere broadmindedness is not an appropriate attitude. Eisenstein, as I will show, does not always avoid a de facto assessment of theories in terms of problems and objectives which they themselves would not have recognised.


Recent exploration success in the Lower Keraudren Formation of the Bedout sub-basin has resulted in the emergence of the Caley Member reservoirs (Thompson et al. 2018). The interplay of several unique characteristics at this stratigraphic level are favourable for the generation, trapping and deliverability of hydrocarbons. These unique characteristics include, the preservation of porosity and permeability at depths greater than 4000 m, an organic-rich delta-plain lagoon mudstone source rock interbedded with the reservoir and the presence of a thick hemi-pelagic shale. This proximity of the mature source rocks and reservoir quality units combined with a thick overlying shale has created a highly efficient system for trapping hydrocarbons. Seismic data is a key tool to help unlock this play. Seismic imaging of a relatively thin reservoir at a depth below 4000 m has proved challenging. Quadrant has undertaken several stages of reprocessing and conducted multiple seismic inversions to better image and predict the reservoir. Integration and interpretation of geophysical, geological and geochemical data of this recently discovered reservoir has increased Quadrant's understanding of the potential of the under-explored Bedout sub-basin.


The Stress Map of North America , constructed on four 42 inch by 55 inch sheets, plots modern maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) orientations for North America inferred from a variety of geophysical and geologic data. These data are described and discussed in the companion DNAG volume Neotectonics of North America. A brief description of the various stress indicators is given in the legend.


Abstract The 30 mol% BaO- and 30 mol% Ba X 2 ( X =F, Cl, Br)-promoted Nd 2 O 3 catalysts have been investigated for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM). The addition of BaO or Ba X 2 to Nd 2 O 3 could obviously enhance the catalytic performance. We observed leaching of halide during the OCM reaction. The stability of the halide ions follows the order: F − > Cl − > Br − . XRD and Raman results revealed that the addition of BaO or Ba X 2 has significantly altered the surface and bulk natures of Nd 2 O 3 . The enlargement of Nd 2 O 3 lattice in the BaO- and Ba X 2 -promoted Nd 2 O 3 catalysts was due to ionic exchange between Ba 2+ and Nd 3+ or X − and O 2− ions. Raman results showed that there were dioxygen species such as O 2− 2 , O n− 2 , O − 2 , and O δ− 2 on the surface when BaO or Ba X 2 was added to Nd 2 O 3 . We suggest that the lattice defects generated due to ionic exchanges could promote the formation of dioxygen adspecies. TPR results implied that, besides the dioxygen species, there were mono-oxygen species existing in these catalysts. By pulsing CH 4 over the catalysts, we found that both dioxygen and mono-oxygen species could activate CH 4 at high temperatures and the existence of dioxygen species could improve the catalytic performance, especially in the enhancement of C 2 selectivity and C 2 H 4 /C 2 H 6 ratio.


Simple Summary Multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) of the prostate is one emerging tool for early detection of clinically-significant cancer. Standard acquisition protocols provide a slice thickness of 3 mm in T2-weighted TSE imaging. However, thin-slice imaging might be superior for the assessment of the prostate parenchyma. The main disadvantage of thin-slice imaging is related to prolongation of acquisition time. In this study, similar acquisition times could be enabled by deep learning image reconstruction of thin-slice imaging as compared to standard 3 mm T2 imaging. The results demonstrate superior image quality and diagnostic confidence in thin-slice imaging. Abstract Objectives: Thin-slice prostate MRI might be beneficial for prostate cancer diagnostics. However, prolongation of acquisition time is a major drawback of thin-slice imaging. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of a thin-slice deep learning accelerated T2-weighted (w) TSE imaging sequence (T2DLR) of the prostate as compared to conventional T2w TSE imaging (T2S). Materials and Methods: Thirty patients were included in this prospective study at one university center after obtaining written informed consent. T2S (3 mm slice thickness) was acquired first in three orthogonal planes followed by thin-slice T2DLR (2 mm slice thickness) in axial plane. Acquisition time of axial conventional T2S was 4:12 min compared to 4:37 min for T2DLR. Imaging datasets were evaluated by two radiologists using a Likert-scale ranging from 1–4, with 4 being the best regarding the following parameters: sharpness, lesion detectability, artifacts, overall image quality, and diagnostic confidence. Furthermore, preference of T2S versus T2DLR was evaluated. Results: The mean patient age was 68 ± 8 years. Sharpness of images and lesion detectability were rated better in T2DLR with a median of 4 versus a median of 3 in T2S (p < 0.001 for both readers). Image noise was evaluated to be significantly worse in T2DLR as compared to T2S (p < 0.001 and p = 0.021, respectively). Overall image quality was also evaluated to be superior in T2DLR versus T2S with a median of 4 versus 3 (p < 0.001 for both readers). Both readers chose T2DLR in 29 cases as their preference. Conclusions: Thin-slice T2DLR of the prostate provides a significant improvement of image quality without significant prolongation of acquisition time.


BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cells were treated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly IC), a synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) analog, and the expressions of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA and protein were analyzed by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Poly IC enhanced the expression of MCP-1 and release of mononuclear cell chemotactic activity, which were inhibited by dexamethasone pretreatment. The poly IC–induced up-regulation of MCP-1 was blocked by 2-aminopurine, a specific inhibitor of dsRNA-dependent protein kinase, but not by nuclear factor (NF)-κB inhibitor SN50.


Negative correlation was found between the activity of liver glucose-6-phosphatase (EC 18.104.22.168) and the increasing radiation dose 24 h after continuous irradiation of rats. A dose response of increased fructose-1,6-diphosphatase (EC 184.108.40.206) was not confirmed.


In this paper I show recent results of our studies on the evolution of an isolated cluster of galaxies using N -body simulations. In Sensui, Funato & Makino (1999) only one initial cluster model are investigated. In the present study, we varied the initial model of galaxies and clusters, and studied the dependence of evolution on initial conditions. We found that the mass of galactic halos are stripped and a common halo develops for any cluster models. Using result of scattering experiments of two halo-halo encounters, we show that the growth rate of the common halo (and complimentarily decrease rate of average mass of galactic halos) can be explained as a result of stripping due to cumulative encounters between two galactic halos. We also found that the galaxies evolved so as to satisfy the relation between the masses of galaxies m gx and their velocity dispersion σ gx expressed as m gx ∝ σ 3∼4 gx for all galaxy models as a consequence of their dynamical evolution through galaxy-galaxy interactions. We discuss the relation between our result and the observed Faber-Jackson relation.


The early studies of Robison and his co-workers in which alkaline phosphatase was shown to be present and causally related to calcifying tissues has been fairly well established (1). Within the past decade, methods have been developed which now permit the histochemical localization of the phosphatases (2). Since these methods have developed, considerable literature has appeared which deals with the histochemical localization of these enzymes in various tissues and organs. In regard to the localization of phosphatase in teeth, Robison and Somes (3) reported considerable amounts of this enzyme in the rapidly growing teeth of young rodents. Kabat and Furth (4) illustrated sections of the enamel organ of the rat in which phosphatase also appears to be present in several of the components. Horowitz (5) contended that alkaline phosphatase is present in both ameloblasts and odontoblasts of young teeth. Gomori (6) likewise remarked on the presence of this enzyme in the various components of the developing tooth. Finally, Bevelander and Johnson (7) described the histochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase in the developing tooth of the pig, and showed among other things that this enzyme is present in odontoblasts before and during early calcification of dentin. Recently, Gottlieb (8), stated that the function of odontoblasts appears to be 'superfluous', but in view of the fact that the odontoblast complex: cell, process and tubule, have persisted throughout phylogenetic development, he has introduced a speculation in which a correlation is proposed to show that the function of the dentinal tubules is related to the mechanics of enamel attachment. In this paper we wish to present the results of our studies on the development, and to some extent the function of the odontoblast and the dentinal fibril as revealed by histochemical methods.


Background Twelve month increase in muscle fat fraction(FF) at calf has been demonstrated in patients with CMT1A.(1,2) Our MDA funded study builds on our previous work by investigating this method in patients with the three next most common subtypes of CMT: due to mutations in GJ1B, MPZ, and MFN2. Methods Sixty participants and 30 controls have been recruited. In select examples, baseline and follow-up FF were calculated at mid-calf and mid-thigh. Results A 45-year-old male with a MPZ mutation had imaging age 35 (CMTES 17), with FF at calf 20.9%. At age 45, CMTES was 20 and calf FF 35.6%. In a 32-year-old male with GJB1, CMTES rose from 9 to 10 at 12 months, with all muscle mid-calf FF rising from 9.5% to 11.8%. In the left peroneus longus, FF increased from 26% to 55% correlating with reduced ankle plantarflexion power. In a MFN2 patient, baseline CMTES was 16 and at 12-months 17. FF increased at thigh level from 10.5% to 15%. Discussion We present three cases illustrating key points from the study and demonstrate an increase in FF at 12 months in one patient each with CMT1X and CMT2A, and over 10 years in a patient with CMT1B. email@example.com|NIHR Bursary


Thiazolidinediones(TZDs),as insulin sensitizers,are widely used for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus,polycystic ovary syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver.Recent studies indicated that TZDs could increase the risk of osteoporosis and ostoeporotic fractures.This paper reviewed the evidences that TZDs caused bone loss in clinical and animal studies,its possible mechanisms and corresponding prevention and treatment strategies.


Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) is an effective video technology to diagnose gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, such as bleeding, ulcer, and tumor. In order to avoid a tedious manual review process of long duration WCE video recordings, automatic disease detection schemes have received significant attention from the researchers. In particular, instead of the conventional approach of dealing with a single disease, developing a unified scheme, which is capable of detecting multiple GI diseases, is getting more importance while being challenging. In this paper, a unified computer-aided scheme is developed for detecting multiple GI diseases from WCE videos based on a proposed least-square saliency transformation (LSST) followed by a probabilistic model-fitting approach. Commonly in the training phase, image-level labeling of images is used, as pixel-level annotations are available only for a small number of images. In view of utilizing the knowledge from pixel-level annotated diseased images, an LSST scheme is proposed to extract a set of optimum prior coefficient-vectors which is later used to capture the salient pixels of interest (POI) in a larger WCE image dataset that do not have pixel-annotations. The intensity distributions of salient POI are modeled by a suitable probability density function (PDF) and the fitted PDF parameters are utilized as features in the proposed supervised hierarchical classification scheme. A large number of WCE images obtained from publicly available WCE videos are used for performance evaluation and it is found that the result obtained by the proposed method outperforms the results obtained in case of some state-of-the-art methods.


List of Tables Preface List of Terms Introduction Public Diplomacy Resources and Instruments Beginnings in the Arab World 1940s-1953 President Eisenhower and USIA 1953-1961 The Kennedy and Johnson Presidencies 1961-1969 The Nixon and Ford Presidencies 1969-1977 The Carter Presidency 1977-1981 The Reagan Era 1981-1989 The Presidency of George H.W. Bush 1989-1993 The Clinton Era 1993-2001 President George W. Bush's First Years 2001-2003 The Bush Presidency and Iraq Democratic Reform and Other Issues Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index


This study empirically examines the impact of the federal government budget on the nominal interest rate yield on US Treasury notes over the 1979-2001 period. In a system that includes the monetary base, the civilian labor force unemployment rate, the ex ante real 52 week Treasury bill rate, and the percentage growth rate of the S&P 500 stock index, Error-Corrections Model (ECM) estimation finds that the total federal budget deficit acted to increase the nominal interest rate yield on seven year US Treasury notes over the study period.


Neuromorphic systems are inspired by the structure, function and plasticity of biological nervous systems . This field is evolving a new era in computing with a great promise for future medicine, healthcare delivery and industry . The paper focuses on the introduction of neuromorphic engineering. It describes the history of neuromorphic engineering and the process of developing neuromorphic chip, and then introduces the required hardware and AER (Address Event Representation) tools for morphed on silicon. Finally it summarizes the applications of neuromorphic engineering based on neuromorphic chip. It is shown that the neuromorphic engineering has a promising development.


Artificial Immune NETwork (aiNET) is a type of competitive learning algorithm which is capable of extracting relevant features contained in dataset, it uses the "internal image" memory network to eliminates data redundancy and feature extraction. Owing to cell proliferation, mutation and selection as suggested by the clonal selection theory, the present approach to evaluate data compression criteria can not be applied here. In this paper, a new approach based on Complex Network theory is proposed to capture the statistical properties characterizing the structure and behavior of artificial immune network, the new approach analysis the community structure between the input pattern (antigen) and memory network, the compression evaluation approach which provides a discriminative approach to understand the design of artificial immune network is proposed.


Aimed at the question of lack of quantificational studies about special events transit lanes,this paper presents a vehicle route- planning method of special events transit lanes based on traffic conditions rule. By identifying traffic conditions of sections with the collected traffic data to extract the traffic conditions of the sections without traffic data,the traffic state of regional road network is formed. Based on integration of traffic conditions rule and analytic hierarchy process( AHP),this paper designs Multi- level Simplicity Search Algorithm( MSSA) and an evaluation model of routes. MSSA is used for screening vehicle routes preliminarily,and AHP to evaluate them comprehensively. The research method can provide references to vehicle route-planning of the various urban special events transit lanes.


Search results to provide a method and computer-readable media to navigate to visualize. It is possible to display more than one search result of the scaled visual representation to one of the display on the screen. Scaled visual representation of search results may be organized for each category. Users can fluidly zoom the display to maximum magnification visual representation of a particular search result, it is possible to zoom fluidly to display visual representations of the search results in a specific category, a specific category additional results can be obtained scaled visual representations, or can be obtained one or more search results for scaled visual representation in the lower category. .FIELD 1


Helium plasmas are preferred for certain low temperature plasma experiments because of the low chemical reactivity and small mass of helium. For those experiments, it is often highly desirable to be able to measure the evolution (both spatial and temporal) of the ion velocity distribution function. Typically, ion distribution functions are measured by high-resolution emission or absorption spectroscopy; laser induced fluorescence being one method of high-resolution of absorption spectroscopy. To better understand the poor reproducibility of He II absorption spectroscopy measurements in our helicon source plasmas, we have numerically generated the expected level populations for He II for a wide range of helicon source parameters. The plasma parameters are obtained with a radially scanning Langmuir probe and the level populations generated with the PrismSPECT spectra code. The PrismSPECT code's focus on hydrogen-like ions is ideally suited for these helicon source plasmas. We will present comparison of the experimentally measured emission spectra of the n = 5 to n = 4 He II transition at 1012.36 nm and the n = 4 to n = 3 He II transition at 468.57 nm with the PrismSPECT code predictions, as well as absorption spectra for the 1012.36 nm line. The effects of trace impurities on the emission spectra at each wavelength will also be reviewed.


The article considers the question of development of foreign and domestic trade in tar delivered from the territory of the Vazhsky region, which specialized in tar distillation. The main problems of tar products distribution are analyzed on the basis of archive and statistical materials. Some interrelated factors that caused growth of trade through the Arkhangelsk port as well as the state of tar distillation in the north of Russia are enumerated.


Two of Nicholass servitors-Aleksei Olenin and Fedor Grigoryevich Solntsev-played seminal roles in the process of creating a national aesthetic. Divining the tsars vague intentions, Olenin directed Konstantin Ton to sketches executed by his own protgs, Solntsev and the architect Nikolai Efimov. The fusion of the heritage of classical art with the motifs of Russias own national traditions had been Olenins lifelong goal. Solntsev came to Olenins attention as an outstanding student and twice laureate of the Academys gold medal. Just as the codification and the publication of The Complete Collection of Laws, published by imperial command during the previous decade, brought together and made known laws issued by the Russian monarchy and thus defined a national legal tradition, the Antiquities assembled the artistic works of Russias past to make known an artistic heritage for the dynasty.Keywords: Aleksei Olenin; Antiquities; Fedor Grigoryevich Solntsev; Konstantin Ton; Nikolai Efimov; Russian national aesthetic


Fan-out is arguably the fastest-growing advanced packaging technology, driven predominately by mobile processing and wireless. These designs often contain single large die, or multiple die, yet are limited in the number of available routing layers. Without the benefit of high layer counts and with substrates not much larger than the die extents, providing the ability to plan and optimize the design can significantly and positively impact the ability to provide a routable solution. This paper will discuss the challenges of designing a large FO-WLP device, as well as the capabilities required to plan, optimize, and implement the interconnect in the design in as few layers as possible. We will discuss the challenges at each phase of the design: from initial system planning and feasibility, assignment, early SI analysis, optimization and implementation, and finally sign-off.


The performance of commercial banks in Kenya determines the financial position of the nation. This performance, over the past period, has not been inspiring and various reforms have been put in place in to increase it. Yet, performance of commercial banks on average has been erratic. The business environment in which the commercial banks function is turbulent, and it is through understanding the environmental forces, that they can improve their performance. The study's general objective involved finding out the impact of environment factors on Commercial bank's Performance. Specifically, the study focused on the following objectives; to find out the influence of the organizational resources on the performance of the commercial banks in Kenya; to determine how organizational structure influences the performance of commercial banks in Kenya; to establish the influence of competition on the performance of the commercial banks in Kenya; and to establish the moderating effect of government policies on the influence of environmental factors on performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The contingency theory, resource based view and the theory of competitive advantage informed this study. The research employed a descriptive research design. The population of this study comprised of the 43 commercial banks operating in Kenya. The study targeted the head office of each of the commercial banks and the respondents were the marketing managers. A pilot study was conducted using customer experience executives of four commercial banks. The study conducted a census of the 43 head marketing managers of the financial Institutions in Kenya. The study used structured questionnaires to collect data. The study used face, content and construct validity and reliability was measured using the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. Analyzing of data was done through descriptive and inferential statistics using the SPSS software. The findings were presented using charts, tables, and graphs. The study concludes that organizational resources had significant influence on performance with and without government policies.  Organizational structure had a great impact on commercial banks performance.  Competition had significant influence on performance of commercial banks with or without the moderating influence of government policies.  The government policy had significant moderating influence in the relationship between environmental factors and performance of commercial banks.  The research recommends that the top management team of all commercial banks operating in Kenya should improve on their organizational resources by ensuring adequate number of employees is in place in various departments and functions. The management of all firms in the financial sector in Kenya should improve on their structures by engaging subordinate staff in decision making on daily operations of the firm. The management team of all commercial banks should come up with better strategies of remaining competitive in the industry in view of other industry participants with similar product offering like other banks, microfinance institutions and SACCOs. The Central Bank of Kenya should increase its supervisory and monitoring role among commercial banks to positively influence their performance. There is need for strong market intelligence to collect information on products and services of competitors for constant improvement and thus performance among commercial banks.


Two kinds of complexing agents with good performance(ETA and tartrate) as well as auxiliary agent(benzyl carboxylate) and brighter (polycondensate of polyamine) were introduced into basic zincate solution to prepare electroplated bright Zn-Ni alloy coating with improved corrosion resistance and stable Ni content.The effects of the two kinds of complexing agents on the codeposition and electrochemical behavior of Zn-Ni alloy coating were investigated, and the effect of electroplating parameters on the content of Ni in as-electroplated Zn-Ni alloy coating was examined based on small cell electroplating test and Hull cell test.Results suggest that as-established electroplating process is robust and easy to operate. Variation of plating parameters had minor effect on the content of Ni,and Ni content was stabilized within 10%~15%.Zn-Ni alloy coating possessed better corrosion resistance than Zn coating. Namely,under non-passivated condition,the electrochemical dissolution peak current of Zn-Ni alloy coating was 20 mA lower than that of Zn coating,and its initial peak corrosion potential was delayed by 150 mV.


Y-junction carbon nanotubes were synthesized by arc discharge method from composite anode made of graphite powder, coal tar and alloy catalysts consisting of Fe, Ni, Co and S element. The synthesis of Y-junction carbon nanotubes was carried out in a mixture gas of 200 Torr Ar and 100 Torr H2. The as-synthesized Y-junction carbon nanotubes were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The results show that the Y-junction carbon nanotubes with short branches are long multi-wall carbon nanotubes with walls more than 20 nm in thickness and high graphitic degree. It can be found that the length of most branches is less than 5 micrometers and the angle between the stem and branches is in the range of 60-150. The EDX analysis reveals that the catalysts located at the Y-junction are alloys consisting of Fe, Ni, Co and S element. A growth process is proposed to explain how the YCNTs are formed.