Editor's Note. A commentary by Jay Belsky on the impact of the amount of child care on children's socioemotional development appeared in the June 2002 issue of the Journal. Belsky, a member of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Early Child Care Research Network, based his argument that a lot of time in child care has worrisome negative effects on children's socioemotional development partly on his interpretation of findings from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. We promised more discussion on the impact of child care on children's development. We are pleased to now publish this Commentary from the NICHD Early Child Care Research Network. The authors emphasize the important influence of families on children with extensive child care experience. We are hopeful that these commentaries will continue to advance discourse on this important topic. We welcome further thoughts from our readers.


Species distribution models are used across evolution, ecology, conservation and epidemiology to make critical decisions and study biological phenomena, often in cases where experimental approaches are intractable. Choices regarding optimal models, methods and data are typically made based on discrimination accuracy: a model's ability to predict subsets of species occurrence data that were withheld during model construction. However, empirical applications of these models often involve making biological inferences based on continuous estimates of relative habitat suitability as a function of environmental predictor variables. We term the reliability of these biological inferences 'functional accuracy.' We explore the link between discrimination accuracy and functional accuracy.


: This paper establishes a HSB model based on principal component analysis and liner fitting method to evaluate Saihanba. Finally, it is concluded that the three factors that affect the ecological environment from high to low are climate resources, forest resources and water resources.


Introduction: The present study was conducted to provide the normative data on the mesio-distal and bucco-lingual crown measurements in 3 – 5yr old school going children between Chidambaram and Srinagar. Material and methods: In this study two hundred children were randomly selected from the population of Chidambaram and Srinagar schools based on the inclusion criteria during initial dental screening. During the second visit maxillary and mandibular impressions were made by principal examiner with alginate [neocolloid] in the room provided by the school authorities. In the present study a digital caliper was used to measure the mesiodistal and the bucco-lingual dimensions of the teeth. Measurement of following five teeth on each side in both the dental arches was recorded in the Performa along with their name, age and sex. Results: The present investigation found that male teeth were larger than female in both group one and group two except for lower lateral incisors. It is the y – chromosome that seems to contribute in the size of the teeth by controlling the thickness of dentine, whereas x – chromosome seems to be responsible for modulating thickness of enamel. The sexual dimorphism in the tooth morphology is also attributable to the presence of relatively more dentine of the crowns of male teeth. The tooth dimensions were larger for Srinagar children [North] compared to Chidambaram children [South]. Conclusion: The importance of the tooth measurements and it's application in diagnosis and clinical dentistry has been well emphasized in the past. Some of more common types of the malocclusion are basically due to the discrepancy between the tooth material and the size of the dental arches. This discrepancy may be reflected clinically as crowding of the teeth, if the combination of excessive tooth material and a short dental arch length exists. On the other hand, it may result in spacing and diastema between teeth if the arch length is more and the tooth material is less. In either case, it is a space problem, which is of great interest to general dentist, as well as to the pedodontist and orthodontist in diagnosis and treatment planning. The tooth size ratio also contribute great deal to balanced occlusion, facial harmony and esthetics. Since very less studies on the measurements of the tooth size have been made in India further studies should be carried out all over India.


This paper considers finite word length (FWL) effects when implementing discrete-time transfer functions in delta form. There are power/size and price/cost constraints in realizing embedded control mechatronic systems such as humanoid robots. To meet these specifications, fixed-point microprocessors with a short word-length are suitable for the control. Fixed-point controller implementation including those using a delta form may suffer from underflow and overflow in the numerical calculations. To solve this problem, a new numerical integration method for fixed-point microprocessors named Variable Modulation Method (VMM) was previously proposed. The present report shows that the basic principle on the improvement of the numerical accuracy relies on the bias modulation in the every sampling period and its mathematical proof is given. From this basic principle, the controller input/output modulation and the high-pass filter are not necessary. Furthermore, in order to improve the numerical accuracy, this simple methodology is extended. As an illustrative example, a fourth-order Butterworth filter is considered. The simulated results show that modified VMM can improve the numerical accuracy the same as VMM. Also, the implementation of modified VMM is very simple, and becomes almost the same as the conventional delta form.


In the fast expanding world of technology, the internet has become an essential backbone in transferring data and information to business's and markets world-wide. With data needed to be transferred to countries oceans apart on a daily basis, a medium to transport this large volume of data at a high rate is required for global economies to perform at maximum efficiency. The South East Asia-Middle East-West Europe 4 (SEA-ME-WE 4) fibre optic sub-sea cable is such a medium capable of transporting large volumes of data on a global scale within the blink of an eye, making it ideal for global economies to conduct business with efficiency. The SEA-ME-WE 4 sub-sea cable currently spans 20,000 km linking South East Asia, The Middle East, North-East Africa and Western Europe. The fibre optic system was constructed using a Cable Ship and equipped with a Sea Plough designed to dig trenches, lay cable in the trenches and cover the cable under the sea bed. The system uses state-of-the-art Terabit technology to achieve ultra-fast data transfer (1.28 Terabits/second), and supports a wide range of communication media from telephone, internet, multimedia and various broadband applications. The SEA-ME-WE 4 consortium, comprised of sixteen international telecommunication companies, currently performs maintenance on the system, providing Cable Repair Ships to respond to areas where the cable has been cut or disrupted. The following paper will highlight the construction of the SEA-ME-WE 4 cable, the procedures used in laying the cable, the impact the fishing industry has on submarine cables like SEA-ME-WE 4 and how to prevent submarine cable damage.


The Internet has evolved into a powerful tool for cartography, highly useful both from the mapmaker's and the user's point of view. With the recent emergence of cloud computing, these benefits are taken even a step further. Using the example of atlases, this article discusses theoretical and practical opportunities of cloud-based cartography. Two broad topics are dealt with. The first, addressed in sections 1 and 2, concerns how cartography gradually evolved into the cloud, and how cloud computing can provide solutions for the challenges faced by geospatial sciences. The second topic, covered in chapters 3, 4 and 5, addresses issues of atlas cartography: starting with a critical review on current literature, we will argue that the fundamental characteristic of digital atlases is not so much the use of digital maps, but rather the combination of these maps. Based on this assumption we will show, how digital atlases facilitate the synthesis of different maps, and how atlas production can benefit from a cloud-based approach. We shall close the paper with a look at how the cloud can transform future school atlases from products to processes (termed 'atlassing'), executed in a stand-alone mode, or as part of learning management systems.


Aimed at the design of optimization configuration of equipment maintenance power under the condition of informationization,the influence of knowledge distribution of maintenance power and informationization on it was analyzed,an object-programming model that takes the cost benefit as an object function was set up.By computation,the optimized trend and scheme of maintenance power configuration could be found.The results indicate that the layer levels of maintenance power configuration under the circumstances of informationization is reduced and its amplitude increased,and goes to the flat shape,which shows that the model is of great effectiveness and availability.


Alan Young''s Justice Defiled: Perverts, Potheads, Serial Killers and Lawyers is a self-styled celebration of legal vulgarity.1 In keeping with this theme, Young rejects conventional academic discourse, preferring instead the use of profane and often shocking language to convey his disgust with the state of the criminal law. Young''s use of language is not troubling in principle; to the contrary, the vulgarity of his language might have served to complement an otherwise persuasive argument. Unfortunately, however, many of Young''s arguments fall flat because they are not situated in a constructive analytical framework. Young explores two general themes in Justice Defiled, although a traditional thesis is more difficult to identify. He contends firstly that consensual acts which are harmless to everyone but the actor should not be prohibited by the criminal law. His secondary theme is that lawyers are part of a fundamentally flawed oligarchy whose self-interest drives them to perpetuate the status quo. The absence of a defined thesis results in a series of disjointed criticisms of the legal profession lacking the


Not being a representative of a government arts policy or funding body, I felt my presence in Melbourne at the recent World Summit for Arts and Culture was somewhat voyeuristic. I went with great expectations that I would gain new insight about arts policies in all their diversity, especially as I was in the last few days of putting together a submission on behalf of the Australian visual arts, craft and design sector in response to the Australian Government's National Cultural Policy discussion paper. I wanted to be inspired, to have my mind stretched and to have solutions to tricky problems plopped into my lap.


Hole doping can introduce ferromagnetism to the most stable forms of 2D gallium and indium oxides, Ga2O3 and In2O3, for spintronics applications.


A t a time when burnout, incivility, turnover, and staff shortages are of top concern in the nursing profession, it's important to consider strategies to recruit and retain qualified nurses in acute care inpatient hospital settings. Employees with higher levels of engagement report decreased feelings of burnout and increased job satisfaction.1 Engagement is defined as "a positive, fulfilling, and work-related state of mind that's characterized by vigor, dedication, and absorption."2 This article describes a review of the current literature to examine strategies nurse leaders can utilize to promote work engagement among frontline nursing staff in inpatient hospital settings. Common themes included ensuring shared values, practicing authentic and transformational leadership, pursuing higher formal education, and providing access to resources. Strategies for nurse leaders included accessibility, open communication, and taking personal interest in staff.


Stuxnet known as "shock" is a malicious code for Microsoft systems and Siemens industrial systems.It is sweeping the globe.Industrial systems and individual users in many countries and regions are infected. Different from previous malicious code, the code is very complicated, but less relevant analytical experiments reported. Weanalyzea newly discovered malicious codeby dynamic analysis experiments. The result shows that the sample isvery similar to Stuxnetin functional characteristics. Keywords-malicious code; dynamic analysis; shock


THIS ARTICLE IS WRITTEN as a follow-up to the article written by Associate Editor, Karen Hall, in the last issue (March/April 2016) of the Journal of Singing, "World Voice Day 2016: 'Explore Your Voice'." My purpose is to provide additional insight on what to expect in a crossover voice session, and to further answer the question she proposed: "Should you consider working with a crossover coach and teacher?" In addition, I hope to shed more light on my approach to teaching voice in general, and to elaborate, in more detail, on my use of the "cry" voice technique as it pertains to my crossover training work with all levels of students from beginners to Grammy Award winning artists.Yes, I feel that every singer can greatly benefit from working with a crossover coach, and the reasons are many. Sometimes the distinction between genres is somewhat artificial, and there also can be overlap between genres. Singers do not always see where there is common ground until they understand the commonalities and distinctions. Additionally, there is a magic that happens when performers temporarily detach from their conventional methods and default approaches to singing. The pressure to be perfect or polished is suddenly lifted. The singer is challenged with a new set of rules in a game they know little or nothing about. They must fully surrender and follow every direction of the teacher or coach if they want to be successful with stylistic crossover. Although awkward at first, this new experience will lead to many new discoveries for singers regarding the singing voice and their creative and personal identity.If singers are aware of current trends, they will want to be more flexible with singing other musical styles. According to soprano Renee Fleming, in her book, The Inner Voice, the Making of a Singer, crossover is not new, and she says it is "definitely finding an audience and an enormous audience at that." She further writes,Once sound came to the movies, singers were everywhere. Grace Moore, Jeanette MacDonald and Nelson Eddy, and Mario Lanza all could be considered crossover artists, as they were well trained performers who brought popular songs and light and core classics to a larger audience. And even though Deanna Durbin never had an opera career, she managed to sing (and sing well) at least one aria in each of the twenty-two musical films she made before retiring at the age of thirty. During the height of her fame in the 1930s and 1940s, she became the highest paid woman in America, and in some years the biggest selling female box office star. All while singing arias! Today, "crossover" has become the golden word of the age.1WHAT TO STUDY FOR TRANSITIONAL MASTERYTo have the ability to switch from genre to genre and do it well, the singer, ideally, will need to do intensive work with all the vocal modes-natural, cry, belt, and the "electric edge," as I fondly call it. What determines each vocal mode is the amount of air the singer uses, and the physical effort involved to generate the vocal sound and expressive effects. The body will be in various states of relaxation using easy and natural support up to optimum support depending on the mode. The modes range from very relaxed voice (natural), to the longing, moaning, or whiny voice (cry), to the exited shout or yelling voice (belt), and finally the amped or revved "trumpeting up-and-over-the-heads-of-the-audience" voice (electric). Singers must listen to and study several great artists in each genre, and hone easy and tasteful "vocal licks" appropriate for each style. Vocal licks are very short ornamentations that include grace notes, mordents, trills, bluesy riffs, and longer melismatic patterns, like the ones popularized by Mariah Carey. The crossover singer must have an effortless transition through middle voice with a "sky is the limit" kind of vocal range, and this is where the cry voice technique will come in handy. Placement of the voice must be in line with commercial standards, and must have become second nature for the singer. …


Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus are the two fungi that produce aflatoxins in corn both in the field and in storage. Because corn sometimes is stored for several years before it is used, we asked how long can these fungi survive in kernels of corn. Twenty-one samples of white corn, assayed for aflatoxin and A. flavus in 1972, were reexamined. In all samples containing A. flavus in 1972 the fungus was still present, but the counts were always less than in 1972. The number of A. flavus propagules was reduced from 73 to 7.8%. Reduction in the numbers of A. niger and species of Fusarium and Penicillium was also found. In addition, 95% of 171 samples of corn stored from 1972 to 1979 contained live A. flavus propagules.


OBJECTIVE To know the infection control efficacy of hospital-onset Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections(MRSA-HOI).METHODS We investigated the patients with positive cultures of MRSA in a general tertiary hospital from Jan 2005 to Dec 2010.We conducted a prospective investigation for the patients admitted after Jul 1st in 2008 and carried bundle measures for patients with MRSA infection or colonization.For the patients admitted before June 1st in 2008,a retrospective investigation was developed to analyze the efficacy of bundle measures.RESULTS The overall MRSA-HOI incidence rate decreased distinctly(P=0.00)from 1.22 to 0.64 per 10000 bed-days along with carrying out bundle measures in effect.There was a statistically significant decrease(P0.05) in both respiratory infections and urinary tract infections.In different departments,we achieved good control efficacy in the intensive care units with the most proportion of MRSA-HOI(40.40%).CONCLUSION Implementing contact precautions is critical for preventing the spread of MRSA in hospital.


We describe a case of a ketoacidosis related to protease inhibitor therapy which might be a result of the inhibition of the protease converting proinsulin to insulin. A 57-year-old African woman was hospitalized in November 1997 for ketoacidosis. She had been infected by HIV in 1983 by transfusion. She had no history of AIDS-related infection except oral candidiasis. Indinavir was introduced in February 1997. She had also been treated with a combination of lamivudine and stavudine since December 1996. Her viral load had been below the cut-off value (200 copies/ml) since March 1997 and her CD4 cell count was 273 x 10/6/l (11%). She was also treated with co-trimoxazole for primary Pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis and with acebutolol for arterial hypertension for several years. In November 1997 she was hospitalized for weight loss (7 kg in 1 month) polyuria polydipsia blurred vision and fatigue. On physical examination her blood pressure was 10/6 mmHg her temperature was 38°C and she was dehydrated and weak. (excerpt)


China's industrialization depends heavily upon petroleum.China,as a big country for making industry,has an inflexible demand for petroleum and petroleum'original products,but China's exported products are common goods with low added-values,a little rising in price.High price of petroleum is enclosed internally,leading to an accelerating cost in petroleum-using sectors,blocking profits rise.This paper analyzes the trend of petroleum price fluctuation and China's petroleum expenses,and discusses the far-reaching influence of change in petroleum price to China's industrial economy.


TPS4590 Background: High grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has a 70% recurrence rate and rate of 15-30% progression. The standard of care is an induction course of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). A second induction course can be used in patients who fail the initial course, however only 35% of patients will experience a 12 month disease free survival. For those patients failing a second induction course, radical cystectomy is the gold standard treatment, although the morbidity rate is high. Therefore there is an unmet need for localized treatment for patients who fail an initial induction course of BCG. Recently, a pox viral vector-based vaccine, PANVAC, has been shown to induce a CD4 and CD8 antigen-specific immune response against the tumor-associated antigens, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and mucin-1 (MUC-1). This vaccine also contains transgenes for three human T cell co-stimulatory molecules that can potentially augment an immune response. We hypothesize that the combined administrat...


The active protein films prepared with different concentrations of rosemary and soy protein isolate were used for color protection and preservation of fresh pork in high-oxygen modified atmosphere. Changes in CIE a* value, metmyoglobin, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) value, protein carbonyl and hardness value of fresh pork were determined. The results showed that direct treatment with rosemary at 0.05 g/100 m L effectively inhibited lipid oxidation and discolouration in the later period of storage in high oxygen atmosphere packaging. Protein films incorporated with different concentrations of rosemary showed different antioxidant effects on pork. Pure protein film and the film with rosemary at a concentration of 0.025 g/100 m L were unable to inhibit discoloration of pork, but they delayed lipid and protein oxidation to a certain extent. The films with rosemary concentration at 0.1 and 0.2 g/100 m L effectively delayed the decline of a* value and the formation of metmyoglobin and TBARS value, and its protection on meat color was better than that observed with direct addition of rosemary, but these two groups failed to inhibit the formation of protein carbonyl. While the film with 0.05 g of rosemary /100 m L exerted better protection than that of direct addition of rosemary on color, lipids, proteins and other parameters of fresh pork, it basically maintained the hardness value of meat during storage. These results indicate that protein film incorporated with rosemary increased the antioxidant activity of rosemary on pork in high oxygen atmosphere packaging.


A descriptive history reveals the strategic interest in the young manifested by the cigarette industry from 1920 to the present. The tobacco and advertising trade presses, FTC records and recently disclosed corporate documents display and discuss the targeting of adolescents and collegians. They also document the rationale and results of media choices, the use of cartoons, and especially the use of images of independence to appeal to the psychological need of adolescents. The implications for both the private sector and public policy are discussed, given this persistent targeting of youth and failure of regulation to curtail most of these tactics.


The problem in this study is that Indonesian students in the second grade at SDN Pondok Jagung Timur have poor reading skills and poor learning outcomes. This is because teachers haven't used fun learning models, students are passive learners when teacher-centered learning is used, and students don't understand what they are learning because they don't have enough reading skills or don't want to learn to read. The Papan cerita Media, Scramble, and Picture and Picture learning models are utilized in the effort. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of teacher and student activities in order to improve student learning outcomes in beginning reading skills. By describing school data in sentences, this study employs a qualitative research methodology. According to the study, using the Picture, Scramble, and Papan cerita Media learning models can help students in class II increase both their activity and their learning outcomes.


This paper presents the shake table test results of a novel system for the design of precast reinforced concrete bridges. The specimen comprises a slab and four precast columns. The connections are dry and the columns are connected to the slab by an ungrouted tendon. One of the tendon ends is anchored above the slab, in series with a stack of washer springs, while the other end is anchored at the bottom of the column. The addition of such a flexible restraining system increases the stability of the system, while keeping it relatively flexible allowing it to experience negative post‐uplift stiffness. It is a form of seismic isolation. Anchoring the tendon within the column, caps the design moment of the foundation, and reduces its size. One hundred and eighty‐one shake table tests were performed. The first 180 caused negligible damage to the specimen, mainly abrasion at the perimeter of the column top ends. Hence, the system proved resilient. The 181st excitation caused collapse, because the tendons unexpectedly failed at a load less than 50% of their capacity (provided by the manufacturer), due to the failure of their end socket. This highlights the importance of properly designing the tendons. The tests were used to statistically validate a rigid body model. The model performed reasonably well never underestimating the median displacement response of the center of mass of the slab by more than 30%. However, the model cannot predict the torsion rotation of the slab that was observed in the tests and is due to imperfections.


To date, most of the studies on work-related well-being among emergency departments physicians merely identify its negative consequences, specifically Emotional Exhaustion and Cynicism. Nevertheless, recent works approaching different professions have focused on the positive response to work-related well-being, namely Vigor and Dedication. The aim of this paper is to analyze these responses and the underlying processes: Energy and Identification. A cross-sectional study was con-ducted on a sample of 84 physicians from the Emer-gency Departments of all the hospitals in the prov-ince of Alicante. The response rate was 71.04% (N=117). Descriptive analysis, Pearson's correlation and confirmatory factor analysis were performed. A statistically significant correlation was found among all variables included in the study and factor struc-ture of Energy and Identification processes of the work-related well-being proposed model was repro-duced. The results and the practical implications of the study are assessed in this paper.


Scholars of the work environment have pointed out how management ideas and practices inspired by a human resource approach are influencing the work environment efforts in Nordic organiza tions. In this paper, we use the 'institutional logics' perspective to propose heuristic ideal types of two institutional logics of work environment management:The logic of compliance as the ideal type of the 'traditional' approach to work environment management and the logic of commitment as the human resource informed approach. Through a side-by-side comparison of key characteristics, we analyze the two ideal types as instantiations of institutional orders on the societal level with the compliance logic being rooted in the orders of the state and the corporation, and the commitment logic as based on the orders of the corporation.The paper ends with a discussion on the how the two logics can influence concrete work environment practices and approaches to management in organizations.


Seeing the important role of entrepreneurship in the Indonesian government's economy, universities in Indonesia have provided education on entrepreneurship for their students. It is intended that their students can become entrepreneurs after graduating from college. However, becoming an entrepreneur is not easy, because it requires strong motivation from within a person to start their own business. The decision to become an entrepreneur is also not popular because of the large responsibilities that must be borne by business owners. Therefore this study wants to see the meaning of entrepreneurship for an alumnus of Business Administration Education. This research was conducted using a qualitative phenomenological method. The results of this study state that several attitudes must be owned by an entrepreneur, challenges that must be faced by an entrepreneur, and the benefits of entrepreneurship. The subjects of this study were alumni of the Universitas Negeri Malang Faculty of Economics and Business Commerce Education who already have their businesses. This research is also expected to be able to provide additional contributions to material about entrepreneurship


Karyotype analyses were done on cells from the primary and metastatic sites, as well as on the ascitic fluid, from 1 patient with serous carcinoma of the ovary. An increase in the proportion of near-tetraploid cells occurred in the following order: cells from the primary site less than cells from the metastatic site less than cells from ascitic fluid. In addition, two new marker chromosomes appeared among the polyploid cells of ascitic fluid.


The paper examined the relationship between socio-demographic variabies and the health system from two perspectives. The first was to determine the ways in which socio-demographic characteristics affect use of the health system. The second was to select a relatively small set of sociodemographic characteristics which most clearly described a given area.


A thermal conductive and insulating material with H3PO4 as the adhesive, AlN as the principal material of thermal conduction and Al2O3 as auxiliary material, was researched and developed in this paper. The paper explores the influences of components on density, thermal conducting property and dielectric property of the material. Research results show that as to the block sample of (mol)AlN: (mol)Al2O3=90:10, ω(H3PO4)=12% in the research, its density is 2.51 g/cm3, thermal conductivity is 5.655 W/(m•K), and relative dielectric constant under 10 kHz is 6.207.


Objectives: To compare the outcome and cost of laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair versus open repair. Methodology: This was a randomized controlled study conducted on 100 patients from January 2011 tillApril 2012, in Surgical 'A' unit, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. A total of 100 patients were randomizedand were allocated into two groups i.e. open repair (Lichenstein procedure) & laparoscopic repair (Transabdominalpre-peritoneal mesh repair, TAPP) group using lottery method. Type of hernia, type of proceduredone, total cost of surgery, duration of hospital stay, post operative pain rating by visual analogue scoreand post operative complications were assessed. Results: Significant difference was observed between the two groups in relation to the perioperative complications. Mean operative time was short in open repair 55.40±10.73 minutes compared to TAPP 87.10±11.60minutes but the mean length of hospital stay was less in TAPP (2.78±0.64 days) compared to open (3.5±0.67 days). Regarding postoperative complication urinary retention was 22% and 10%, wound discharge was 20% and 08%, recurrence was observed in 12% and 06% in open repair and TAPP respectively. The difference wasstatistically insignificant. Laparoscopic repair showed significantly less post operative surgical pain comparedto open repair. Conclusion: This trial showed no statistical difference between the open and laparoscopic proceduresregarding post operative complications but laparoscopic repair showed statistically lower post surgicaloperative pain and hospital stay with greater operative time and cost. This study supports the use of thelaparoscopic repair techniques for the treatment of inguinal hernia.


The failure of the joins between tube and tube sheet were analyzed and the method for controling the quality of the joins was given.


Rationale Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP), a pulmonary vasodilator and inhibitor of vascular smooth muscle proliferation, is absent in pulmonary arteries of patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We previously determined that targeted deletion of the VIP gene in mice leads to PAH with pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular (RV) dilatation. Whether the left ventricle is also affected by VIP gene deletion is unknown. In the current study, we examined if VIP knockout mice (VIP−/−) develop both right (RV) and left ventricular (LV) cardiomyopathy, manifested by LV dilatation and systolic dysfunction, as well as overexpression of genes conducive to heart failure. Methods We examined VIP−/−and wild type (WT) mice using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for evidence of cardiomyopathy associated with biventricular dilation and wall thickness changes. Lung tissue from VIP−/− and WT mice was subjected to whole-genome gene microarray analysis. Results Lungs from VIP−/− mice showed overexpression of cardiomyopathy genes: Myh1 was upregulated 224 times over WT, and Mylpf was increased 72 fold. Tnnt3 was increased 105 times and tnnc2 181 fold. Hearts were dilated in VIP−/− mice, with thinning of LV wall and increase in RV and LV chamber size, though RV enlargement varied. Weights of VIP−/− mice were consistently lower. Conclusions Critically-important heart failure-related genes are upregulated in VIP−/− mice associated with the spontaneous cardiomyopathy phenotype, involving both left and right ventricles, suggesting that loss of the VIP gene orchestrates a panoply of pathogenic genes which are detrimental to both left and right cardiac homeostasis.


Although 17β‐estradiol (E2) replacement therapy has been shown to be effective in treating postmenopausal osteoporosis, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The presence of low levels of functional endogenous estrogen receptor (ER) in some osteoblastic cells has been demonstrated, and the suggestion that the abundance of ER may be rate‐limiting in the action of E2 on these cells has been made. To study the mechanism of ER in regard to E2‐mediated effects, we stably transfected a human osteosarcoma cell line, SaOS‐2, with an expression vector, pMV‐7‐ER, containing the human ER gene. We characterized six of the stably transfected clones. One of the stable clones, SaOS‐2‐ER, expressed extra copies of ER genes integrated into the genome as detected by Southern blot analysis, showed a significantly increased level of ER mRNA by RT‐PCR, and contained an increased level of ER cytosolic protein as detected by an ER‐specific EIA. The overexpressed ER was functional and sensitive to E2 in a dose‐dependent fashion after transient transfection with a vector containing an estrogen response element (ERE) linked to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene. Scatchard analysis revealed a single high‐affinity binding site with a Kd similar to values obtained for the ER in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. These SaOS‐2‐ER cells had altered osteoblast phenotypic features including growth inhibition, decreased basal alkaline phosphatase activity, and decreased IL‐6 expression and secretion. In response to E2, a greater than 2‐fold increase in TGF‐β1 mRNA was quantitatively measured in these ER‐overexpressing osteoblasts. These cells may provide a sensitive and unique model for understanding the mechanism of E2 and ER in overall bone metabolism.


SMA Pavement has many characteristics,such as good durability and stability,good anti-high temperature and anti-low temperature. By practicing in rebuilding of Wuxi 312 national highway,the analysis on conjugation ratio,controlling for stations construction is helpful for deep discussion on quality controlling of SMA pavement.


The author explains his method of transcribing polyphonic music from the late 15th and 16th centuries by means of a rhythmical-metrical interpretation, making extensive use of examples of vernacular song taken from the Cancionero musical de Palacio. He also discusses conventional transcription methods and the way they determine performance, obscuring the repertory. This method of renotation, based on a considered analysis of each piece, and on the historical and theoretical data at our disposal today, employs an irregular system of barring, the purpose of which is to clarify the polyrhythmical and multimetrical structure of Renaissance polyphony, as well as to highlight its form and musical syntax.


With increasingly complex development of displacement test system and the enlargement application of virtual instrument,the paper based on the virtual instrument technology platform,using LabVIEW software to write program for design displacement test systems of hydraulic system.Introducing the hardware form and design process of test systems,and giving its program diagram and intuitive front panel figure,the system has strong scalability,this testing system can realize displacement signal of data acquisition,transmit,storage,calls,analysis and display.And through the field test shows that this system has strong practicability,reliability and convenient operation.It can meet the need of education,industry.


Objective To discuss and evaluate the therapy of interstitial Cystitis(IC).Method 36 cases with IC were randomly divided into 2 groups,including Group A and Group B.Group A was treated with bladder dilation by water sac and intravesical instillation with sodium hyaluronate.Group B was treated with bladder dilation by water sac and imipramine.Both groups accepted standard treatment for 3 month.The curative effect was observed.Result ICSI and ICPI of both groups 3 months and 6 months after treatment demonstrated preponderance compared to that before treatment (P0.01).There was no significant difference of ICSI and ICPI 3 months after treatment between the 2 groups(P0.05),whereas ICSI and ICPI 6 months after treatment revealed significant difference in the two groups.Conclusion Both therapies are effective for IC.Bladder dilation by water sac and intravesical instillation with sodium hyaluronate might be better than the other one.


The aim of this study is to understand the decision-making processes in higher education institutions by examining the functions of university senates which is the highest decision making organ in universities. In this study, a mixed design is used. Nine universities located in Istanbul constitute the sample of the study. To collect the qualitative data, document analysis was conducted and the presidents of these universities were asked to send all of the agenda items of the university senate meetings they had held in the 2010-2011 academic year. To collect the quantitative data, the presidents were asked to reply to the open-ended survey that had 2 open-ended questions on the observed functions of the universities. Although university senates are comprised of only academic faculty and described as the academic decision making body by law, the tasks they perform are less limited than it would be expected of the governance models of academic staff observed in some European countries. The results show that university senates mainly assume academic roles and functions; however, many of the decisions they take financial responsibility and accountability, which they do not have. Decisions related with student affairs and institutionalization and strategic direction constitute a very small portion of the discussions held at the university senate meetings.


Flavonoids content and antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of Osmanthus fragrans flowers (EEOF) were investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were applied to examine the flavonoids extraction conditions, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD) was used to determine flavonoids contents in Osmanthus fragrans flowers of different regions and various cultivar groups. Antioxidant activity of EFOF from various sources was evaluated in terms of IC50 values using DPPH and ABTS assays. The data showed that Albus group and Luteus group contained higher flavonoids content, although flavonoid contents in different samples had the significant difference. And there was a significant correlation between DPPH and ABTS scavenging activity and flavonoids contents of EEOF. It is indicated that flowers of O. fragrans have potential applications in biomedical science and Albus group and Luteus group have higher biomedical value. Introduction Flavonoids, as a family of antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables as well as in popular beverages such as red wine and tea, have great potential to inhibit the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and may also protect cells from various insults (Agati et al. 2012, Demirkiran et al. 2013, Ishige et al. 2001). Besides antioxidation, flavonoids exhibit other important physiological functions such as antibacterial, anti-cancer and anti-inflammation (Huang et al. 2015). Osmanthus fragrans is considered as one of the top traditional flowers of China and is widely cultivated in many places, among which five cities (Hangzhou, Suzhou, Guilin, Chengdu, and Xianning) become the production centre for O. fragrans, and the flower of O. fragrans is of economic importance because it is used as an additive for foods, tea, and other beverages (Wang et al. 2009). O. fragrans has the biomedical functions of anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anti-tussive, nitric oxide-scavenging and nitric oxide-suppressing, neuroprotection, aromatherapy properties and melanogenesis inhibitory effect (Wu et al. 2009). In China, flowers of O. fragrans, regarded as Chinese herbal medicines, have been applied to therapy of toothache, cough and asthma (1996). O. fragrans cultivar groups have been investigated and classified into Asiaticus and autumn division based on flowering season; the autumn division was further divided into three groups (Albus group, Luteus group, and Aurantiacus group) according to flower and leaf traits (Han et al. 2014, Yan et al. 2009). The concrete content of flavonoids in flowers of O. fragrans cultivar groups from different regions is not so clear, which will influence their biomedical value. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD), more common and less costly, currently represents the most prevalent and reliable analytical method for the characterization of flavonoids, and also plays a key role in confirmation of the analyte identity, as it enables simultaneous acquisition of chromatograms at any wavelength accompanied by the absorption spectrum of each eluted band and verification of separation quality with peak purity *Author for corresponding: < email@example.com>. College of Pharmaceutical Science, Henan University, Henan Kaifeng 475004, China.


We develop a classification procedure based on Tiku's (1967, 1982) MML (modified maximum likelihood) estimators of location and scale parameters for classifying an observation in one of the two p-variate normal populations II1 and II2. We investigate the effects of non-normality on the errors of mis-classification e. and e1 and e2 and show that this new procedure is superior to the classical procedure (based on sample means and variances) and several other distribution-free procedures. The only assumption we make is that the marginal distributions of the underlying populations 111. and II2 have only two unknown parameters, the location and scale, and the means and variances of these marginal distributions exist. We also assume that II1 and II2 are identical other than a location shift.


Construct dotted PB. The two triangles BPD and CPD have equal areas a, since they have congruent bases and the same altitude. Similarly, the two triangles whose areas are labeled ? are equal. Denote the area of the remaining region by y. We ob serve that the ratio AP.PD is the same as 7: a, since the bases of triangles (AA PC and ADPC) having congruent altitudes are pro portional to their areas. Since the area of AACE equals that of ABCE, we can write


upper hangingwall unit, which remains brittle during deformation. One of the most important meanings to occur in these low grade metamorphism rocks is the new recrystallized assemblage formed the lower the strength of the rock, active representing a matrix-controlled interconnected weak layer rheology. Strain partitioning results in preservation of hightemperature microfabrics, minerals and textures with low-grade mylonitic shear zones. As a result, grain size reduction associated by fluids circulating within shear zones leads to rock softening, which results in strain localization, weak rock rheology and the overall thermal structure of the crust.


Summary: Objective: To determine whether educating community leaders about epilepsy would lead to an increase in epilepsy cases being diagnosed and treated at primary health centers.


The preparation and standardisation of solutions of oxygen are rendered difficult by the normally gaseous nature of this substance and thus special precautions are necessary to ensure accurate and reproducible results. The preparation of oxygen solutions may involve both aeration and deaeration and various techniques are available for the purpose, depending on the oxygen concentration required and the efficiency demanded of the process. For the standardisation of solutions of oxygen a wide range of methods is available involving many different analytical techniques. Three methods have been developed and used in this work, two being chemical and the third gasometric. The chemical methods both include a final potentiometric titration which is carried out automatically using apparatus designed and built for the purpose. A feature of these titrations is the use of a glass electrode as the reference electrode. The standardised solutions of oxygen are studied by polarographic techniques, three different types of instrument being used to obtain data on the degree of reversibility of oxygen at the dropping mercury electrode. It is shown that the first reduction takes place reversibly, while the second is virtually irreversible. Measurements are also made of the concentration-current relationship for each reduction wave. The results obtained are shown to indicate a disproportionation reaction. Measurements are made of the half-wave potentials of each of the two reductions of oxygen, and also of the temperature coefficient of its diffusion current. The diffusion coefficient of oxygen in potassium chloride solution is calculated from the polarographic data.


In this paper, robust control charts for percentiles based on location‐scale family of distributions are proposed. In the construction of control charts for percentiles, when the underlying distribution of the quality measurement is unknown, we study the problem of discriminating different possible candidate distributions in the location‐scale family of distributions and obtain control charts for percentiles which are insensitive to model mis‐specification. Two approaches, namely, the random data‐driven model selection approach and weighted modeling approach, are used to construct the robust control charts for percentiles in order to effectively monitor the manufacturing process. Monte Carlo simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed robust control charts for various settings with different percentiles, false‐alarm rates, and sample sizes. These proposed procedures are compared in terms of the average run length. The proposed robust control charts are applied to real data sets for the illustration of robustness and usefulness.


Software testing is the pre-eminent part of the software development life cycle process. It is the process of evaluating system or its components with the specified requirements or not. It is important process by means of accessing the quality of software, reusability, and traceability of the requirements specified. There are many number of testing techniques and tools available for this task. Software testing is an essential part of research and lot of development has been made in this field. In this chapter, testing techniques and tools including test design tools, load, and performance testing tools, test management tools, test implementation tools, test evaluation tools, static analysis tools, basic path testing, loop testing, control structure testing, code-based techniques, path testing, data flow testing, syntax testing has been described. Some distinctive latest research and development in testing strategy have been summarized.


The application of semiconductor materials,the developing process of semiconductor technique,the present situation of development of Sichuan semiconductor materials industry and the difference compared with the same trade at home and abroad were exhaustively researched in this article.And,the further developing countermeasures that should be adopted were briefly discussed.


Background: Climate change represents a serious threat to the health of the population. Nurses are the ideal group to act on the health risks posed by climate change. However, their perception of this phenomenon is unknown, as existing studies are very scarce. An in-depth study of nurses' perceptions of climate change is needed. For this purpose, qualitative research is the best alternative. Objective: To understand nurses' perceptions of their role as health assets in relation to climate change. Methods: A qualitative study will be carried out. The sample will be selected by means of purposive sampling with a maximum variation approach and will be defined by the data saturation criterion and will include nurses from different health units and regions of Spain. Semistructured interviews will be conducted using a videoconferencing platform. The interviews will be transcribed and analysed by several researchers using the logic of a three-step thematic analysis. Discussion: The results of this study will provide for the first time a clear, in-depth, and representative picture of Spanish nurses' perceptions of climate change. This is essential for the development of concrete measures through which nurses become real health assets in the face of climate change.


Introduction: In contrast to PET/CT systems, PET/MR does not provide information about electron density that essentially is needed for quantitative emission tomography. Several concepts have been proposed to solve this issue by generating synthetic attenuation maps [1-4]. All of them depend on reliable identification of air, bone and soft tissue structures in MR images. The accuracy of such methods is influenced by signal (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), thus it is crucial to maintain it constant. Apart from imaging parameters the image quality depends on a wide range of physical factors like temperature, subject geometry, acquisition hardware, shimming, etc. of which some may vary over time. Sequences based on ultrashort echo times (UTE) for instance, are filling k-space already during gradient ramping. Thus, it is strongly affected by hardware instability during gradient ramping and by eddy currents [5]. Also routine maintenance calibrations are supposed to affect SNR and CNR. In this work, the quality of MR data currently used for attenuation correction (AC) in PET (UTE, DIXON, MPRAGE) was observed under changing clinical conditions within one day, one week and over 3 months to investigate the reliability and robustness for in-house established MR based AC methods.


@Joao_Bx I think there is various reasons why this is happening. 1) there is a huge lack of journalists with the skills to dominate social


This paper explores the extent of validity of Unsteady Lifting Line Theory (ULLT) for finite rectangular wings undergoing pitch-heave oscillation in the low Reynolds number regime. Sclavounos' ULLT is compared to Theodorsen-based strip theory and high fidelity Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Pitch and heave kinematics of different frequencies for wings with varying aspect ratio are considered. A pitch-heave equivalence theory is also tested by seeking equivalent pitching motions for given heave kinematics. It was found that the ULLT successfully modelled finite-wing effects up to high frequencies. The pitch-heave equivalence theory was found to be effective.


Methods To facilitate large scale research projects and drug discovery of immune checkpoint inhibitors, conducted a comprehensive protein profiling of ATCC ' s vast portfolio of human tumor and immune cell lines for several established and novel immune checkpoint molecules. Based on this protein profiling data, we generated an immune checkpoint reporter cancer cell line with high expression of endogenous programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), a highly validated target for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapeutics. The reporter system contains a gamma interferon activation site (GAS)-response element upstream of the luciferase gene, preventing luciferase expression when PD-L1 binds to programmed death-1 (PD-1) that suppresses T cell-mediated antitumor activ-ity. In the presence of a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor, a luciferase expression based bioluminescent signal is produced, which can be readily detected and quantitated to evaluate the efficacy, potency, and dynamics of the inhibitor. bioluminescence in the reporter cancer cells increased ~ 250 folds in a dose-depend-ent manner in response to interferon gamma stimulation, which mimics the from activated CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. The bioluminescence increased ~100 folds in response to CD8+ primary T cell-conditioned media stimulation, and up to 5 folds in response to co-culture with CD8+ primary T cells in the presence of an anti-PD-L1 blocking


In the present study, weedicidal activity of extracts from twenty seaweeds (Chlorophyta-8, Phaeophyta-6, Rhodophyta-6) were evaluated against a group of common aquatic floral and faunal weeds of shrimp/prawn pond of Kollam coast (Southwest coast of India). The methanolic extract of seaweeds were subjected to in vitro activities such as ichthyotoxic assay against three common weed fishes, growth inhibition assay against pond weed vegetations such as Lemna sp. and Wolffia sp. and antialgal assay against Oscillatoria sp. Of the twenty algal species screened, the extract from a brown algae, Stoechospermum marginatum exhibited broadest and highest mode of bioactivity. The toxicity of S. marginatum against faunal weeds were arranged in the order of decreasing toxicity as follows; Ambassis sp. (LD50 112 ± 3.1μg/ml)> Glossogobius sp. (LD50 173.2 ± 1.9 μg/ml) >Aplocheilus sp. (LD50 204 ± 2.7 μg/ml) > Penaeus monodon (non-target organism) (LD50 8.5 ± 2.3 mg/ml). In toxicity assay against floral weeds, S. marginatum showed significant growth inhibition in Wolffia sp. and Lemna sp. at 400 mg/L and 600 mg/L against Oscillatoria sp. Findings of the present study ultimately set the base-line data for exploring the potentials of seaweeds against floral and faunal weeds. The phyco-chemical constituents of S. marginatum was investigated by GC-MS analysis. The GC-MS profile of the algal extract revealed the presence of diethyl phthalate (tR =11.34 min), (84.45%) as a major constituent. Thus it was considered that a brown alga, S. marginatum might be natural source suitable for development of environmentally compatible agrochemicals. Thalassas, 27 (1): 47-56 An International Journal of Marine Sciences 47 EVALUATION OF SEAWEED BIOACTIVES ON COMMON AQUATIC FLORAL AND FAUNAL WEEDS OF SHRIMP PONDS (1,2,3,4) Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, India (5) Department of Botany, Sree Narayana College, Kollam 691001, Kerala, India. *Joseph Selvin (corresponding author) Department of Microbiology Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli 620024 India Tel: +91-431-2407082 Fax: +91-431-2407084 Email: email@example.com Alternate email: firstname.lastname@example.com


One of the greatest challenges for the public health response to autism is providing access to evidence-based care. Sally J Rogers tells Andréia Azevedo Soares how parents can help their children mitigate the disabilities associated with autism.


The Secret Agent: It is 1886, and Verloc, an agent provocateur who is secretly working for the police and the Russian Embassy while ostensibly a member of an anarchist group in Soho, is required by his masters to betray the anarchists in some spectacular way. The plan goes horribly wrong and the repercussions are dramatically different from those intended by Verloc. Nostromo: The attempt to rescue the silver of the San Tome mine from the hands of yet another revolutionary dictator tests the characters of the Goulds, inheritors of the Latin American mine, and of the indispensable and trustworthy Nostromo himself. In the swirling world of Costaguana, as in the London of The Secret Agent, the psychology of individuals in the most extreme cirumstances reflects the fears and hopes of the time.


Although in the last ten years the poor air quality in Monterrey has been pointed out in some reports, no large studies have been performed to characterize the processes that take place in this urban metropolitan area. This study is part of the first integrated examination of meteorology and air quality to have a further understanding of the factors that affect the generation and transport of ozone in the Monterrey air basin. Monterrey is one of the most rapidly growing industrial and urban areas in the north of Mexico and has experienced ozone episodes higher than the Mexican ambient air quality standard (110 ppb). The seasonal mean patterns of the ozone concentration for five monitoring regions were documented in a previous paper presented in the 89th. A and WMA Annual Meeting. This paper presents and analyzes the meteorology patterns and resulting air quality conditions associated with high ozone days during 1995 in the Monterrey air basin. In addition, ambient nonmethane hydrocarbon data collected in the northeastern region during January 1995 are examined. The ozone episodic days are characterized using surface meteorological and air quality measurements from five monitoring stations. Air quality data reported by the urban network consist of one-hourmore » averaged gas and particle concentrations (O{sub 3}, NO{sub x}, CO, SO{sub 2} and PM{sub 10}) and meteorological parameters (temperature, wind speed vector and solar radiation). The atmospheric stability conditions, for these high ozone days, are examined using upper air data reported by the local weather station. The spatial and seasonal variations of the hourly data pointed out the preferred advection of the air masses and revealed some features about the synoptic and mesoscale flows under anticyclonic conditions. All these results are an important part in the verification of photochemical urban model calculations.« less


Success in undergraduate biology courses relies upon a firm grounding in chemical principles. We sought to raise students' awareness of the connection between these two disciplines and to improve their understanding of each by carrying out a pilot project that integrated the curricula of Principles of Chemistry II (CHEM1212K) and Principles of Biology I (BIOL1107K) during the Fall 2016 semester. The study involved two course pairs: one section of each course delivered in the traditional non-integrated manner and a second pair of sections that were integrated across the chemistry and biology disciplines in both the scope and sequence of the content delivery. Both integrated and non-integrated sections were taught by the same instructors, who have expertise in both chemistry and biology to ensure a full understanding of both courses' content. Attitudinal surveys administered at the beginning and end of the semester showed that students in the integrated BIOL/CHEM section of our pilot study appreciated the delivery of an integrated curriculum and improved their awareness of the connections between the two disciplines. End-of-course assessments of topic mastery demonstrated improvements in the integrated students' capacity to understand and apply both biology and chemistry topics compared to students in the non-integrated sections.


The steady mathematical and simulation models of five-phase hybrid stepping motor driver system are established with fixed-chopping frequency and constant total current driving,and some of the main results of the simulation are presented using MATLAB/Simulink.The simulation results show that there is no sawtooth winding current,and the system has good operating characteristics when a new pentagon connecting pattern and 4-5 phase excitation are used for the five-phase hybrid stepping motor,which can used as a refernce for the design of the five-phase hybrid stepping motor system.


We are concerned with a kind of three-dimensional system of rational difference equations, given by Kurbanli (2011). A new expression of solution of the system is presented, and the asymptotical behavior is described. At the same time, we also consider a different system and obtain some results, which expand the study of such a kind of difference equations and the method can be applied to other systems.


On the basis of analysis about high-rise building around flow characteristic, this article points out the wind pressure on the building surface has great variation, and the wind pressure at the inlet outlet of indoor fresh air system, exhaust system is unstable when the high-rise building is in different velocity profile and wind direction. So the operation condition of fresh air system and exhaust system installed according to the traditional calculating methods can undulate largely in certain cycle, which effects the indoor effective ventilation and indoor air quality directly. In accordance with the wind pressure coefficient distribution on the high-rise building surface and aerodynamic characteristic for high-rise building in associated references, this article analyses the characteristic and range in which the wind pressure on the building surface varies largely with the velocity profiles and wind direction. And this article raises associated technical measures about setting up inlet and outlet of high-rise building fresh air system and exhaust system. Besides this article derives the calculating method of high-rise building surface wind pressure considering the effect of velocity distribution and wind direction.


In this paper we study the existence result o classzcal solutions for the quasilinear equation Jtt-aJ-MC$(IVjlzc,cDAjtt with i ni ti al data 60D=, utCOD=ui and homogeneous boundary conditionE.


In this paper, we present a new isolated Low Vgs NLDMOS in 0.35um BCDMOS process. The proposed LDMOS is fully isolated from substrate and has very lower Rsp(specific on-resistance) than other competitors. This device can apply a negative bias to drain and it can be used in AMOLED application. The proposed LDMOS devices in 30–40V ranges have the lowest Rsp with other competitors in 0.13–0.35um BCDMOS technologies. And the Rsp of the proposed LDMOS in 40V range is 46.3% lower than Low Vgs LDMOS last reported. And the isolation efficiency of the proposed LDMOS has very good performance. Furthermore, a logic CMOS and all the other components are compatible in the proposed process.


This paper shows that there is strong dependence of saturation magnetization on the alloying content in ferromagnetic steels. This dependence was used to determine the cross-sectional areas of the commercial non-oriented and grain-oriented silicon-iron steels. The relation between magnetization near saturation and the contents of silicon and aluminum for a large number of steel samples was experimentally obtained using an air-cored magnetizing system. The influence of the approach to magnetic saturation and its use in the determination of the cross-sectional area of electrical steel strips using the saturation magnetization method was estimated. Standard deviation (SD) of cross-sectional area obtained using the saturation magnetization method was on the order of 0.14%. SD for using conventional technique was also on the similar order of ~0.11%.


Third-party logistics is unlike many carrier and warehouse-related services provided by distribution specialists in that the third party actually manages all or part of a company's product delivery operations. The concept has gained wide acceptance in Western Europe but has been slower to catch on in the U.S. This article defines the major trends driving the use of third-party logistics, examines the evolution of third-party logistics in North America and Europe during the 1980s, and explains why outsourcing will become a dominant logistics strategy for the 1990s.


After years of effort and scores of iterations, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) researchers have developed a new generation of AC voltage standards that can reduce the uncertainties in ac voltage measurements by a factor of three. The new NIST primary standards for ac voltage metrology are multijunction thermal converters (MJTC), approximately 4 mm × 7 mm in size and fabricated on microchips. They operate by measuring the amount of heat generated in the metal microstructure, first by a high precision dc voltage and then by an unknown ac voltage. The AC-DC difference, measured using 120 thermocouples placed next to the heater, is recorded at stepwise intervals across a scale of voltages from 2 mV up to 1000 V and frequencies as high as 100 MHz. In addition, NIST researchers, who in 2008 pioneered the use of AC Josephson voltage standards to calibrate thermal transfer standards at voltages as low as 2 mV, have further integrated the quantum-based standard with the MJTC. Measurements made by the Josephson devices have uncertainties as much as an order of magnitude smaller than traditional range-to-range scaling. NIST expects that the new MJTCs, referenced to the ACJVS at 250 mV, will soon become the new everyday standards, offering primary standard accuracy in their working standards, and significantly improving the AC metrology program. The new MJTCs will reduce the time NIST spends recharacterizing their standards, but will not dramatically reduce the time required for customer calibrations. However, NIST expects that customers will want to take advantage of the substantially reduced uncertainties.


In pattern recognition, feature vectors are occasionally subject to non-negative constraints. This characteristic can be expressed by a cone in feature vector space. In this paper, we propose cone-restricted subspace methods. The proposed methods admit the scaling and additivity of vectors as well as ordinary subspace methods; in addition, vectors can be strictly classified at the boundary of the cone. Some experimental results for face and person detection demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.


A major challenge facing student affairs' administration is management of students' conflicts. Students' in Kenyan public universities inadvertently resort to rioting and destructive behavior to resolve their conflicts. This has been detrimental to the teaching and learning environment. The rationale for this study was to examine the types of peace initiative programmes in Kenyan public universities and their effectiveness in managing students' conflicts. The study utilized the evaluation and correlational research designs. The study respondents were 478 students, 25 key respondents and 40 participants in focused group discussions sampled from five public universities in Kenya. Qualitative data was thematically analyzed while quantitative data was inferentially analyzed using the chi-square test for correlation and independence. The study established that, peace initiative programmes are varied in type and effectiveness. The Chi-Square test showed that there was a highly significant association between activeness of peace initiative programmes and achievement of their objectives. Further, although 60 percent of the students felt that peace initiative programmes had met their objectives and had an overall positive impact in benefitting students' in the areas of handling conflicts constructively, the programmes lacked specific guidelines for evaluating and monitoring their effectiveness. The study concluded that the peace initiative programs benefited students in areas of handling conflicts constructively. The study recommends that peace initiative programmes need to be integrated as one of the core activities in the student welfare department. This would create more opportunities to actively involve the whole student body in the peace initiative programmes in order to enhance a positive campus climate conducive for serious scholarly work. (260 Words)


Abstract 1227 Introduction: The emergency room (ER) management of bleeding and other complications of hemophilia constitutes an important component of hemophilia therapy. In this retrospective study, we examined the ER visits of children with hemophilia during a five-year period. Methods: Electronic medical records of all ER visits to our hospital were reviewed for hemophilia patients aged 0–21 years between January 1st, 2006- December 31st, 2010. ER visits were categorized as visits related to injury or bleeding; visits related to fever or a positive blood culture in a patient with central venous catheter (CVC); visits for general pediatric causes unrelated to hemophilia; and visits for clotting factor infusion. Results: There were 518 ER visits from 79 male patients (71 hemophilia A and 8 hemophilia B) over the 5-year period. Median age was 5 years (range 0–21). Five patients had other chronic conditions in addition to hemophilia: sickle cell anemia in 2 patients and Down syndrome, Crohn disease, and myelomeningocele in one patient each. The reasons for ER visits were as follows: 60.8% (n=315) were for injury and/or bleeding; 12.2% for either fever in a patient with CVC (n=53) or positive results of a blood culture drawn earlier from a CVC (n=10); 18.0% (n=93) for pediatric causes unrelated to hemophilia; and 9.1% (n=47) for clotting factor infusion. Four of the visits were because of a bleeding episode in patients not yet diagnosed with hemophilia. Computerized tomographic (CT) examination of the head was undertaken in 85 of the visits: trauma to the head (n=68), face (n=2), nose (n=1), or eyes (n=2); after falling backward (n=1) and motor vehicle accident (n=2) without a reported head injury; other symptoms such as headache (n=6), lethargy (n=1), pallor (n=1), and vomiting (n=1). In 6 patients with head injury, the cranial CT examination was deferred because of a normal neurologic examination. Only 4.7% (n=4) of the cranial CT examinations showed intracranial hemorrhage. These patients had presented with head trauma (n=2), vomiting (n=1), and headache (n=1). Of the 53 febrile visits in patients with CVC, blood cultures grew an organism in 43.4% (n=23) of the cases. As two of the visits for a positive blood culture were for cultures drawn in the ER the day before, there were a total of 31 visits with a new positive blood culture from a CVC: 14 with single gram-positive bacteria, 9 with single gram-negative bacteria, and 8 with multiple organisms, including two with Candida species. Conclusions: Children with hemophilia present to the ER mostly for bleeding or injury-related reasons. Head injury or headache may prompt a cranial CT examination in patients with hemophilia; however, only a minority of such patients has intracranial hemorrhage, and a good neurologic assessment should help determine patients who require this investigation. Fever in a hemophiliac patient with CVC is a serious symptom, as almost half of such children might have bacteremia. Although uncommon, undiagnosed hemophilia patients may present with their first hemorrhagic episode to the ER, and appropriate screening tests should be ordered in the event of a clinical suspicion Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


This portfolio continues to add value to the overall IBM Lotus messaging and collaboration solutions, including instant messaging, Web conferencing, document management, and a sophisticated workflow solution. IBM offers a set of well integrated products based on the Lotus Domino platform. Take advantage of these enhancements to get the most from your Lotus Domino investment.


Over the last 25 years, the principles of treatment for advanced ovarian cancer have not changed. They still consist of primary debulking surgery followed by chemotherapy. Progress in operative and perioperative medicine as well as development of more effective chemotherapies have substantially improved the outcome in these patients. Cornerstones in the development of effective chemotherapies were the introduction of cisplatin in the late 70s and the introduction of paclitaxel in the 90s. Actual standard treatment consisting of a platinum-paclitaxel combination chemotherapy achieves an objective response rate in about 3/4 of patients. Ongoing studies evaluate 3 options to improve efficacy of first-line treatment: (a) incorporation of further non-cross-resistant drugs into first-line regimens; (b) modification of the sequence of treatment modalities; (c) modifications of dose intensity with either intraperitoneal therapy or high-dose chemotherapy with peripheral stem cell support. Future studies will have to focus on how to maintain the high remission rates achieved with primary therapy and translate them into long-term survival.


We observe an unusual combination of normal and superconducting state properties without any signature of strong spin fluctuations in single-crystal Ir3Te8. The electrical resistivity does not saturate by 700 K but exhibits a low-resistivity ratio, and it exhibits two extended linear regimes (approximately 20-330 and 370-700 K) with the same slope, separated by a small hysteretic interval marking a strong first-order phase transition from cubic to rhombohedral lattice symmetry at T-S = 350 K. The electronic heat-capacity coefficient (11 mJ mol(-1) K-2) is consistent with a net diamagnetic, rather than a Pauli paramagnetic, normal state that yields to superconductivity below a critical temperature T-C = 1.8 K. The size of the heat-capacity jump near T-C indicates bulk superconductivity.


a Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan b Initiative for the Promotion of Young Scientists' Independent Research, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan c Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center ASCR, Ceske Budejovice, CZ-37005, Czech Republic d Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575 e Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, P. O. Box 208103, New Haven, CT 06520, USA


As the technology node shrinks, the systematic defects such as the missing and extra pattern are generated in the process of cell patterning. The defect such as the extra and missing pattern can lead to a critical failure on device. Subsequently, the systematic defect in the UBE could be an etch-gas path on proceeding the etch process and cause the quality degradation of device. In this paper, we propose an automated system to inspect the systematic defect in the cell array with the scanning electron microscope (SEM) image and the physical design. The method consists of conversion, matching, and detection. In the conversion method, the SEM image is converted into the layout using image processing such as noise reduction, segmentation and contour tracing. In the following matching method, gradient descent optimization is used to match the coordinate of layout converted from the SEM image with the coordinate of physical design. In the final detection method, the defect is detected by inspecting the patterns of two layouts. On the test of 2,500 data, we confirmed that the accuracy improved from 97% to 100% as a result of comparing the engineer's visual inspection method with the proposed method. In addition, the turnaround time (TAT) is improved by approximately 40 times. The proposed system is currently applied to DRAM products and used for the field of design for manufacturing (DFM) and manufacturing process.


Many different approaches to explaining the long-term degradation of polymeric insulating materials have been suggested, including chemical, electrical and mechanical processes. However, radial and angular variations observed in several physical properties of the polymeric insulation of cables often result from manufacturing processes, not from aging conditions. This paper reports many microphysical measurements on laboratory-aged and unaged cable samples: infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), density and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. Variations in these characteristics have been recorded as a function of both radial and angular coordinates for XLPE power cable samples and, in most cases are found to be strongly correlated to optical birefringence measurements made on the same samples. However, in the case of dielectric relaxation measurements (time-domain-spectroscopy), the samples were not characterized by their birefringence values.


This paper deals with the Power Management System (PMS) and closed loop speed control for Photo Voltaic (PV) fed DC Drive with Discrete Sliding Mode Controller (DSMC). The PV fed drives are highly unstable due to the fluctuation in voltage received from the panel and hence have poor efficiency. Perturb & Observe (P&O) Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method is used to get maximum power from the PV array. The efficiency and stability of the drive can be improved by incorporating a well-organized PMS with battery back-up and robust closed loop speed control by discrete controller. The design and simulation of PMS for different operating conditions is done and the simulation results are plotted. The stability and robustness of the DC drive is proved by providing variations in irradiance, reference DC bus voltage and reference motor speed.


Everything in China's economy, especially the "Chinese miracle" (Lin 1995), is puzzling to many people because "it is difficult to explain by mainstream economics in the West. It does not even appear to be consistent with the logic of conventional economics" (Zhang 1997). The extraordinary economic growth in China is a mystery to many economists and experts on China (Zhang and Li 1998). Peter Nolan at Cambridge University called it a "Chinese mystery" and James B. Buchanan made the following comment to Chinese scholars: "China is a mystery. It seems irrational; however, it works" (Wang Dingding 1998). Chinese economists have done a great deal of work analyzing "China's economic miracle" and its institutional transition (Lin 1995; Sheng 1994; Zhang 1997; Zhang and Li 1998, among others). They even introduced the concept of "transitional economics in China."


Summing up the main events, discoveries and scientists within the «Cell Biology XX», the following topics ore highlighted: 1) The beginning of cell biology and the epoch of vitalism the impact of J. Locb, R. Harrison, A. Carrel, T. Morgan and D.H. Wilson; 2] from cell ultrastructure to the concept of cell compartmentalization; 3) the beginning of systemic system biology and bioinformatics; 4) recombinant molecular cell biology; 5) developmental cell biology, 6) cell behavior in vitro and in situ; 7) organ and cell transplantation -the impact into basic cell biology; 8) post-genomic gigabyte cell biology: hurdles and limits for the next round of progress; 9] from molecular biology to modular biology; 10) the leading role of a new mega -international project in the XXI century.


CsLiB6O10 (CLBO) is a relatively new nonlinear optical crystal reported by Mori et al;.1 The optical properties of CLBO are intermediate between BBO and LBO.


In the emerging global electronic market, the creation of customer centered websites will become increasingly important. This paper uses Kano's Model of Quality to develop a conceptual framework for investigating features in the web environment that satisfy basic, performance, and excitement needs of potential customers. The researchers classify features commonly used in the web environment according to Kano's three quality dimensions for products and services. Plans to empirically test this conceptually based classification are forthcoming. Among the possible implications and contributions of this research are the differentiation of web design features that customers take for granted from those that add value in the performance of web specific tasks and those that generate delight, motivation, and loyalty of website users.


Trace gases (SO 2 , NO x , O 3 ) and aerosol particles alongside with meteorological parameters have been measured continuously since 1992 in a remote Arctic station in Varrio, Finnish Lapland. In this background region there are practically no local sources of pollution. The goal of this study was to investigate the transport of gaseous pollutants and aerosol particles to a remote area. The seasonal, diurnal and long-term behaviour of trace gases and aerosol particles is presented as well as their correlation with each other and with local wind direction. A slightly diminishing trend was observed for low summertime ozone (O 3 ) concentrations from 1995 to 2001. No distinct long-term trends for other species were noted. The monthly-medium concentrations were highest for SO 2 and NO x in the winter, for ozone in the spring and for aerosol particles in the summer. The cleanest air seemed to arrive with northwesterly local winds, whereas the most polluted air was associated with easterly local winds and occurred as short episodes.


Background Population‐based studies have revealed declining acute ischemic stroke (AIS) hospitalization rates in the United States, but no study has assessed recent temporal trends in race/ethnic‐, age‐, and sex‐specific AIS hospitalization rates. Methods and Results Temporal trends in hospitalization for AIS from 2000 to 2010 were assessed among adults ≥25 years using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Age‐, sex‐, and race/ethnic‐specific and age‐adjusted stroke hospitalization rates were calculated using the weighted number of hospitalizations and US census data. From 2000 to 2010, age‐adjusted stroke hospitalization rates decreased from 250 to 204 per 100 000 (overall rate reduction 18.4%). Age‐specific AIS hospitalization rates decreased for individuals aged 65 to 84 years (846 to 605 per 100 000) and ≥85 years (2077 to 1618 per 100 000), but increased for individuals aged 25 to 44 years (16 to 23 per 100 000) and 45 to 64 years (149 to 156 per 100 000). Blacks had the highest age‐adjusted yearly hospitalization rates, followed by Hispanics and whites (358, 170, and 155 per 100 000 in 2010). Age‐adjusted AIS hospitalization rates increased for blacks but decreased for Hispanics and whites. Age‐adjusted AIS hospitalization rates were lower in women and declined more steeply compared to men (272 to 212 per 100 000 in women versus 298 to 245 per 100 000 in men). Conclusions Although overall stroke hospitalizations declined in the United States, the reduction was more pronounced among older individuals, women, Hispanics, and whites. Renewed efforts at targeting risk factor control among vulnerable individuals may be warranted.


Plasma generated by discharge has wide applications, which require the formation of a large-volume discharge in atmospheric pressure. The key to an optimal application performance lies in how to generate stable and diffuse plasma especially in a large-volume and in high-speed airflows1. This paper presents our study of repetitive nanosecond volume discharge behaviors in high-speed airflows.


It would be difficult to elucidate the initiation stage of development without the knowledge on the properties of latent image micro-clusters as a catalyst for the development reaction. The Redox potential distribution of the clusters in an exposed emulsion layer can be measured by means of the Redox buffer treatment. However, the location of the clusters in the emulsion layer and the distribution of the clusters on each AgBr grains can not be seen by this technique. The computer simulation for the size distributions of the clusters on exposed AgBr emulsions was done on the basis of Hamilton and Bayer's model (N & G model) on the mechanism of the latent image formation, using Monte Carlo method. The modified N & G model was also examined, taking into account the regression of the clusters by bromine atoms. These distributions were transformed into excess potential distributions to silver potential through the relationship of the Gibbs-Thomson equation. The calculated distributions of the clusters on an unsensitized AgBr emulsion and its sulfur sensitized one at various exposure levels were compared with the distributions experimentally obtained by a use of the Redox buffer technique. キーワー ド:現 像初期過程,潜 像サイズ分布,モ ンテカルロー シミュレー ション,酸 化還元緩衝液


PURPOSE: To obtain a high density high speed EPROM by connecting a virtual ground array with a dedicated segmented read line. CONSTITUTION: This EPROM array has a bit line BLm and a dedicated read line RLm segmented into N bit parts. Each segmented part of the read line RLm is connected with a corresponding metal read line RLm through at least one select transistor Qnj. Since the read line RLm is segmented, an effective low capacity read line RLm is obtained, and the reading speed of each cell is increased. Furthermore, small cell dimensions, high density and high speed are realized by having a virtual ground array.


The cultural perspective of the progress of the academic freedom shows that academic freedom is a concept deeply rooted in the western society with the tradition of the "freedom" and "reason".As the reasonable key inside the modern university system,whether the academic freedom can be transplanted successfully,not only lies on the characteristics of the university organization itself,but also on the cultural environment in which the university organization exists.The realization of the academic freedom in Chinese universities needs not only innovation of system,but also that of culture.The basic work of the cultural innovation of China lies in the liberation of human-beings so as to acquire a real freedom.


A clamp circuit using non-linear reactors is proposed for the application with high power inverters. For stable inverter operation under all typical operation conditions the cores receive self-resetting characteristics by implementation of a base inductance value in the non-saturated state through air-gap or inductor paralleling. Various circuit configurations investigated by a 6 kA-6 kV-GCT chopper setup are compared to a traditional clamp using a linear anode reactor. New simulation models developed for the cores and diodes are tuned by the experimental results and applied to investigate 2-level and 3-level circuits. Using self-resetting saturable reactors, low freewheel diode reverse recovery stress is achieved especially at small load current even at a very high value of dl/dt.


This is a retrospective study which included a total of 65 women who underwent TOT placement at our unit. Patients having more than one suburethral tape were excluded. A standardised medical history, physical examination and 4D translabial ultrasound were carried out and patients completed a validated questionnaire (Sandvik Incontinence Severity Index), Stored 4D TLUS volumes were analysed at a later date blinded to all clinical data. Ultrasound parameters analysed were: tape percentile tape symmetry sling-pubis gap (maximum Valsalva) sagittal tape-urethra distances at the upper end (sTUDu), centre (sTUDc), and lower end (sTUDl) of the tape at rest (1), axial urethral central echolucent area at the tape's level, the shape of the tape (2) and the tape angle in the sagittal view (3) at rest and valsalva Tape twisting and bladder neck descent. Postvoid residual >100ml were recorded. Asymmetry of the tape was associated with overactive bladder (p=0.003), while tape shape and angle on valsalva was associated with SUI (p=0.044; p=0.048) and UUI (p=0.017; p=0.022). We found that sTUDc was associated with SUI (p=0.027). The shortest tape-urethral distances and sTUDl were associated with high postvoid residuals (p=0.022; p=0.003) although no associations were found with symptoms of voiding dysfunction. No correlations were found between questionnaire score (Sandvik) and subjective cure rates with ultrasound parameters. MARTÍN MARTÍNEZ A, ORTEGA CÁRDENES I, MEDINA CASTELLANO M, PÉREZ MORALES E, FERNÁNDEZ MEDEROS A, LASECA MODREGO M, SANTANA SUÁREZ A, MADSEN CHOPPI M A, GARCÍA HERNÁNDEZ J Á, GARCÍA DELGADO R, GARCÍA RODRÍGUEZ R


The seasonal dynamics of the soil microbial growth and soil net respir ation rate were studied in the imminent Heptacodium miconioides community T he results indicate that the numbers of bacteria and actynomices of rhizosphere soil or that of bacteria ,fungi and actynomices of non rhizosphere soil as well as net respiration rate of soil maintain similar seasonal dynamics in which dis play mono peak curves and their biggest values occure in September but the bi ggest nu mber of fungi of rhizosphere soil is in October The microbial numbers of soil,e s pecially that of soil fungi ,are greatly affected by the water content and tempe rature of soil The net respiration rate of soil closely relate not only with t h e water content and temperature of soil,but also with the soil microbial numbers of non rhizosphere soil which are mostly responsible for the net respiration r ate of soil


The main aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of a EulerianLagrangian methodology (ELAFINT) to accurately deal with incompressible viscous steady flow in a domain with corners and curved boundaries. Thus, a twodimensional lid-driven cavity with an irregular bottom was selected. The equations that govern the flow are discretized using the finite-volume method with a Cartesian grid. The evolution of the velocity fields, stream function and vorticity in the irregular cavity when the Reynolds number increases from 500 to 6000 is captured by the method under investigation. The results show that with an increase in the Reynolds number there is the development of new vortices in the flow and also a reduction in the kinetic energy.


Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Ramipril on left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and plasma endothelin (ET) Nitric oxide (NO) in elderly hypertensive patients. Method Fifty elderly hypertension patients accompanied with LVH were treated with Ramipril,2.5-10mg/d for twelve to eighteen monthes, left ventricular mass index(LVMI),left ventricular function and plasma ET and NO were estimated before and after treatment. Results After treatment with Ramipril, LVMI was obviously reduced, while the level of ET was decreased obviously and NO was increased eminently(P 0.01), Conclusion Ramipril is effective in reducing hypertension, reversing LVH and improving the function, especially the left ventricular diastolic function. It also can change the level of vascular active substance and improve the vascular endothelial function.


Excerpt To the editor: The choice between alternative therapies rests on careful consideration of anticipated results and ideally is based on the observation of an improved outcome in a controlled ...


1. Getting into EvidenceIntroductionSources-the uniform Evidence ActsKinds of evidenceRelevance, admissibility and weightDrawing inferences2. Proof and PresumptionsIntroductionBurden of proofStandard of proofCircumstantial evidenceBurden of proof in civil casesStandard of proof in civil casesPresumptionsCommon knowledge and judicial notice3. Roles of Judge and Jury and the Judicial Discretion to Exclude EvidenceIntroductionOrder of court proceedingsFunctions of judge and JuryPreliminary questions-the voir dire and admissibility of evidenceJudicial role and powersJudicial obligation and the discretions to limit or exclude evidenceDiscretion to admit improperly or illegally obtained evidence4. Witnesses and Adducing EvidenceIntroductionCompetence and compellability of witnessesConduct of a trial in the adversarial processWarning and information about unreliable evidence5. Documentary and Real EvidenceIntroductionProof of the contents of a document including secondary evidenceAuthenticity of a documentReal evidenceViews, demonstrations, experiments and inspections6. Privileges and ImmunitiesIntroductionThe nature and operation of privilegeClient legal privilegeLoss or waiver of client legal privilegePrivilege against self-incriminationPublic interest immunity-'matters of state'Privilege in aid of settlementProfessional confidential relationshipsJournalists' privilegeSexual assault counselling communications privilege7. Hearsay and ExceptionsIntroductionThe hearsay rule and its rationaleExceptions to the hearsay ruleOriginal use of a previous representationFirst-hand hearsayStatements about health, feelings, state of mind'More remote' exceptions-business recordsOther exceptions8. AdmissionsIntroduction 161Nature and effect of admissionsImplied admissions-silenceImplied admissions-flight and liesException to hearsay ruleVoluntariness and reliability of admissionsStatutory recording requirements for admissions in criminal casesDiscretionary exclusion-unfairnessDiscretionary exclusion-public policy9. Opinions, Judgments and ConvictionsIntroductionFact and opinion distinctionThe opinion ruleException 1-multiple relevanceException 2-lay opinionException 3-Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander traditional laws and customsException 4-expert opinionUltimate issue and common knowledgeCriminal convictionsCivil judgments10. Disposition Evidence I: Credibility and CharacterIntroductionCredibility evidenceThe credibility ruleExceptions to the credibility ruleCredibility of the defendant in criminal casesCharacter evidenceCharacter of the defendant in criminal cases11. Disposition Evidence II: Tendency and CoincidenceIntroductionCommon law origins of the exclusionary ruleGeneral features of the legislative schemeThe tendency ruleThe coincidence ruleFurther admissibility restriction in criminal casesCases not involving tendency or coincidence reasoningRelationship or context evidence12. Identification EvidenceIntroductionMeaning of identification evidenceExclusion of visual identification evidenceExclusion of picture identification evidenceJudicial warningOther kinds of 'identification' evidenceTable of CasesTable of Statutes


We present a new femtosecond third-harmonic generation Maker fringes technique capable of determining the magnitude of nonlinearity and sample linear dispersion. This technique takes advantage of high intensity and broad spectrum of ultrafast pulses.


Using exchange and interactionist perspectives, this research explores a previously ignored contemporary marriage pattern: Wives as Senior Partners. WASP marriages are those in which marriage and family life are organized around the wife's job or career rather than the husband's. We found that there are three social conditions concurrent with WASP marriages: wives having traditionally male jobs, flexibility of husbands' jobs, and absence of children. Although the marital pattern was costly to both wives and husbands, especially in being perceived as deviant, techniques of deviance neutralization were used to minimize costs. There were also unique rewards attributed to the WASP maritalpattern. We suggest that marital roles are now more open to negotiation and that traditional marital role expectations may be re-evaluated when marital partners perceive a rewarding alternative. The WASP marital pattern is currently being chosen by some couples and is increasingly likely to be considered by others.


The psychosocial care model was built with the development of a new mental health policy structure. As purpose, there is the guarantee of human dignity and the right to citizenship through devices that replace the asylum model. The objective of this article is to analyze, from the perspective of professionals, what they consider to be assumptions in this model and how they are operationalized in the daily life of Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS). It is a qualitative, transversal and exploratory study. It was done in Porto Alegre (Brazil) in 2019, with eleven professionals from different areas. Semi-directed interviews were conducted and for the analysis of data, thematic analysis was used. The results were organized into the most listed and elaborated assumptions by the participants: Autonomy, Territory, Citizenship, and Social Reinsertion. Different meanings attributed to the assumptions stand out, and their manifestations in care actions were consistent with the psychosocial paradigm.


The paper presents a philosophical understanding of the art of music in the early works of A.F. Losev. It is noted that the largely theoretical position of the philosopher was due to the state of music theory at the time, but A.F. Losev goes beyond the traditional interpretations of music by considering a piece of music in its ideality, out-temporal and out-spatial, thus pointing to the true existence and nature of music. The author considered the possibilities of using this philosophical concept in the development of students' music cultural values in the educational process.


The role of the supramolecular synthon as the operational structural unit in the late stages of the crystallization event is highlighted with reference to polymorphs and pseudopolymorphs in the orcinol–bipyridine cocrystal system.