The oxidation of As(III) to As(V) followed by precipitation and adsorption is thought to be the most effective process for removal of arsenic in industrial wastewater. In this work, the oxidation of As(III) to As(V) with ozone was carried out in an acidic solution. After oxidation, arsenic was removed by precipitation in an iron (III) sulfate system under ambient pressure at 90°C in acid. Batch experimental results show that ozone is quite effective in oxidizing As(III) at low pH. And more than 90% of 5g/l As(III) was removed from the acidic solution by precipitation with Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 in 7-8 hours.


The unfolding crisis in Europe's financial markets is presenting the EU's new regulatory and supervisory set-up with its first big test, revealing worrying differences in responses to stress, flaws in the enforcement of rules and gaps in the supervisory framework. Although the evidence is limited so far, some clear-cut policy recommendations can be made, which need to be urgently addressed.


The invention discloses a long-acting vermifuge film, which is characterized by being prepared from 1-80% of plastic material, 1-10% of insecticide, 1-5% of master batch, 1-3% of UV ultraviolet resistance agent and 1-2% of fire retardant. Because the insecticide is not directly sprayed on plants, the influence is not caused on the plants and the environment; and the human body is not hurt; thus the long-acting vermifuge film is used more conveniently and cleanly; moreover, the long-acting vermifuge film disclosed by the invention can be widely applied in the agriculture, the field, the textile package and other industrial fields.


The goal of any undergraduate engineering or technical education program is to develop skill sets in students that allow them to be competitive in the job market; this is especially true for new emerging technologies. As companies find new modes to compete in the global market, they are always looking for a niche which will enable them to produce high quality products. Currently, there is a group of manufacturing companies in the Rockford, Illinois area that manufactures complex micro-machined parts with very tight tolerances and features. In order to move into this new micromachining area, the companies had to overcome two related issues. The first is how one can obtain low-cost, yet highly accurate micromachining equipment, and the second is finding skilled personnel to operate these new generation micro-machines. The purpose of this research was to develop a new generation of micro-machine which is financially accessible to these companies, develop a better understanding of this new paradigm in machining, and develop new student skills in this area. In the marketplace, there are many companies which produce and sell micromachining equipment. This equipment takes two forms; either very high end, very precise equipment which typically sells for over $100,000 or hobby machines which are not as precise, but sell for about $20,000. For a company to engage in micro-part manufacturing, they must have the capacity and capital to purchase equipment for producing complex, high quality parts. Not many companies have the ability to purchase top of the line micro-machining equipment. To remedy this problem, this researched focused on the development of a unique low-cost micro milling machine which allows for high precision and ease of use. This paper reports on the development process and testing of this low-cost machine. In addition, the paper presents machinability data that will enable companies to select optimum cutting condition, thus reducing costs associated with tool breakages. Detailed educational experiences which were developed utilizing micromachining techniques are also presented. This work also details the educational work which has been developed for the program students.


About 300,000 women mostly of developing countries die due to pregnancy-related birth complications every year (Smith & Rodriguez. 2015). In Uganda, the maternal death is 1 in every 44 women (State of the World's Mothers' Index 2015, by Save the Children). This places the country as 141 out of 179 by the same ranking. Existing data attributes this anomaly mainly to lack of prompt obstetrics services (Wilunda et al, 2015). Thus, this paper presents empirical evidence of the effect of quality health care and support network on the outcome of a mother and her children during maternity. We employed survey to estimate the before and after delivery effect in health facilities across two districts in Uganda. We explored the intervention of Saving mother giving Life (SMGL) to reducing maternal mortality rate: as a measure of quality health care. Our results show that compared to other healthcare, mothers who received antenatal care from any SMGL health facilities are 0.306 points less likely to suffer from Postpartum Depression and 0.975 points more likely to have life satisfaction after delivery.


Abstract Dicyclohexyl, n-dodecane, n-tridecane, n-tetradecane, and n-pentadecane were identified in bright tobacco by means of gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry.


Abstract Radio frequency (RF) sterilization of low-moisture, high-oil, high-protein, and viscous sauces for instant food (LHHVS) demonstrates many advantages, but uneven heating is a main problem that must be addressed. Main factors that affect heating uniformity are generally considered dielectric properties, shape and size of the sample and its position relative to the electrode plate, in addition the structure and voltage of RF electrode. A method based on texture characteristics of the solid–gel–liquid mixing system of LHHVS for adjustment and control of energy distribution in the RF field is proposed in this study to improve the heating uniformity. First, energy conversion principles and control equations of RF heating were analyzed on the basis of dielectric theory. Second, the influence of RF electromagnetic field-medium polyetherimide (PEI) on the RF heating of peanut butter (RHPB) was investigated on the basis of the numerical model of RHPB that was verified through experiments. Finally, the influence mechanism and its regulation and control effect were analyzed and discussed. The following conclusions can be drawn from this study: the increase of electrode gaps exerts minimal effect although it reduces the unevenness of the energy distribution. However, RF heating protocols must use the smallest possible electrode gap to heat agrifoods and increase the heating rate significantly. The energy distribution on the part of the sample close to PEI varies with the change of geometry and size of PEI when its placement is bias or symmetric. The area of energy enhancement continues to expand where the sample is in contact with PEI as PEI gradually increases. The area where the temperature increases under the influence of PEI will expand along the direction of the sample radius when the thickness of PEI remains unchanged and the radius gradually enlarges; otherwise, it will expand along the direction of the sample thickness. The influence of PEI on the energy distribution of RHPB demonstrates local characteristics. PEI significantly influences the energy distribution and heating mode of RHPB, which is easy to adjust and control, but does not reduce the processing speed and does not increases energy consumption. Hence, PEI is an effective means to interfere with energy distribution of RHPB. Uniform energy distribution can be obtained by selecting the appropriate PEI shape and size. Results of this study can help determine the experimental protocol for RHPB with the optimal uniform distribution and promote the fast commercial application of this technology.


This study discusses the Importance of Mastering English for Prospective Indonesian Librarians in Improving and Maintaining a Profession in the Digital Era. This study aims to find out that prospective librarians must prioritize the importance of English in their profession in today's digital era. The research method used is the literature study method to find out more deeply about a series of activities related to the method of collecting library data, reading, recording, and managing research materials (Zed, 2008: 3). In general, literature study is a way to solve problems by tracing the sources of writing that have been made before. The data needed in this study can be obtained from library sources or documents, such as from textbooks, journals, scientific articles, as well as review literature containing the concepts to be researched. Research with the study of literature does not have to go down to the field and meet with respondents. The results of this study show that mastering English can increase "value" and a career that will be more valued in the international world of work. composition of English Speaking course material 1) Importance of English Speaking for Librarians 2) English Vocabularies in Library 3) English Daily Routine Expressions 4) English Presentation.
 Keywords: English, Aspiring Librarian, Profession


Genetic evidence suggests that extant African elephants, currently recognised as two sub-species in the genus Loxodonta, should be divided into distinct species; savannah elephants (L. africana) and forest elephants (L. cyclotis). Forest elephants are most abundant in the equatorial forest of the Congo Basin, and account for a considerable portion of Africa's elephants. Despite their key role in forest ecosystems, few data on forest elephant ecology are available, at a time when intense hunting and widespread habitat fragmentation and conversion pose an increasingly severe extinction threat. A study of forest elephant ecology was initiated in the remote Ndoki Forest of northern Congo. The goal was to identify the ecological determinants of elephant distribution and ranging, and to determine the impact of human activity, at a relatively intact site. Data from a local, intensively surveyed site, and repeated extensive foot surveys over a 253km swathe of the Ndoki Forest, which traversed the northwest-southeast drainage gradient, revealed a spatial and temporal partitioning in the availability of resources important to elephants on several scales. Dicotyledon browse was most abundant in open canopy terra firma forest, light gaps, and swamps, while monocotyledon food was most concentrated in terra firma forest to the southeast, and was super-abundant in localised swamp patches. Mature and old leaf abundance was correlated with rainfall, but new leaves were not. During low rainfall periods, new leaf production was highest in the southeast, becoming widespread as rainfall increased. Forest clearings, clumped in the northwest, contained high mineral abundance in seep-hole water, most concentrated during dry periods. Fruit availability was negligible in swamps, high in closed canopy terra firma forest, and while correlated with rainfall, its temporal and spatial distribution was highly irregular. Drinking water, confined to rivers, was widespread and abundant. Elephants ate leaves, bark, wood, stems, roots, and fruit from over 350 plant species. Leaves dominated food selection, and browsing rates were highest in open canopy forests, particularly swamps. Fruit consumption increased dramatically as its availability increased. Elephants constructed trail systems that allowed efficient exploitation of high payback resources, notably water, minerals, and fruit. Elephant distribution and ranging was investigated using data from dung counts and GPS telemetry. Dung data showed that elephant abundance was consistently high in the northwest, most likely due to the influence of forest clearings and high quality swamp habitat, about which elephants were permanently aggregated. During dry periods, elephant abundance increased in the northwest and in proximity to rivers. As rainfall increased, elephants dispersed out of the northwest, they selected upland forest, and their distribution


Each local, self-government unit which is planning to develop and later implement the project of landconsolidation is confronted with the problem of choosing the cadastral municipality for landmanagement via land consolidation. The appliance of multi-criteria decision method enables and helpsthe decision makers to act regularly and correctly when making a decision. Multi-criteria analysis,above all, enables decision making in conflict conditions. These conditions include multiple alternativesand criteria, from which some should be maximized, and others minimized. This paper deals with theproblematic of the ranking of cadastral municipalities in which land management should be performedwith the use of land consolidation, by applying COPRAS method. The paper also presents theevaluation of the defined model in the Municipality of Pećinci.


The regional outlook for Ireland and the United Kingdom, both liberal market economies characterized by a limited role for the state, presents a brief comparative assessment of the historical development of their healthcare systems, health politics, and selected health-related indicators. The two are quite different in terms of health financing, with the UK's health system relying on substantially larger tax expenditures and less private financing. Reported unmet need in the UK is therefore largely attributed to waiting times, whereas in Ireland it is mainly due to cost. Notably, reported unmet need is higher in both than it was in 2005. Since at least 2002, healthcare has tended to be a salient political issue in both Ireland and the UK.


Problem Statement: Data on treatment options in severe alopecia areata (AA) are limited. All available therapies are currently off-label. Choosing the best therapy could be challenging. Materials and Methods: Medical records of a cohort of 55 patients with severe AA, involving >40% of scalp, including totalis and universalis who were started on topical or systemic therapy, were reviewed for efficacy and safety data. Response to therapy was evaluated using changes in the validated Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT). SALT50 was defined as 50% regrowth and was regarded as a treatment success. Results: Thirty-two patients met the study inclusion criteria. Mean treatment duration was 11.4 months. 78% of patients had AA for >1 year. 41% had AA totalis/universalis. 53% achieved SAL50 using the described treatments. However, only 38% of AA totalis/universalis achieved SALT 50 as compared to 62% of patchy type (P = 0.148). SALT50 was achieved in 27% of patients using anthralin, 30% with diphenylcyclopropenone acetate, 28% with intralesional steroid injection, and 56% using tofacitinib. 55% of patients who used minoxidil 5% achieved SALT50 compared to only 40% of those who did not use it (P = 0.026). Conclusions: Treatment of severe AA is possible. More than 50% of cases may respond to therapy. AA totalis/universalis may, however, respond less favorably than the patchy type. Tofacitinib, and possibly other Janus kinase inhibitors, is very promising therapies for severe cases. Minoxidil 5% solution was significantly associated with better response to therapies in severe AA cases.


The aim of this work is a comparative study of milk productivity as well as degrees of realization of purebred and Holstein - Friesian mixed Black-and-White (motley) cows genetic potential under different ways of keeping and quantity of milking in a milking department. It is established by training heifers to tether less keeping and double milking right away after calving.


The theory of the two-stream plasma instability arising in the equatorial electrojet is extended to the nonlinear domain by means of a nonlinear treatment of the ion kinetic equation. The solution for the ion distribution function is expressed in terms of a 'perturbed orbit function,' which is the solution for an average of the ion motion through the turbulent field of the plasma. The inclusion of the effects of turbulence on the ion orbit is found to introduce a damping term into the dispersion relation, which causes the growth rates of the linearly unstable waves to decrease to zero as the turbulence grows. The stabilization time needed for the electric field spectrum to achieve its asymptotic value is estimated. For an electrojet velocity of 500 m/sec it is found that the stabilization time is approximately 0.5 second and the energy density in macroscopic waves reaches 3 × 10−12 erg/cm³. Finally the asymptotic electric field spectrum resulting in the electrojet is estimated, assuming all modes grow in amplitude according to their linear growth rates for a time equal to the stabilization time.


The purpose of this paper is to explore the major determinants that affect the fishery receipts of fishery household in Korea. The paper utilized the Korea Fishery Survey Data for 2005, and applied a multi-level linear model that can incorporate diverse spatial heterogeneities as well as individual differences. The present study found that diverse determinants in relation to labor and capital such as education level of the manager, participating fishery organization, the application of computer, the proximity to national fishing ports and so forth were proved to be important ones that affect the level of fishery receipts. Also the study showed that there are big differences among regions in the fishery receipts depending on its determinants.


A numerical fully implicit nonisothermal wellbore/reservoir simulator is developed. The model entails simultaneous solution of transient coupled mass-, momentum-, and energy-balance equations within the wellbore; energy-balance equations for the tubular and cement materials and the formation surrounding the wellbore; and mass-balance and flow-rate/pressure equations for the reservoir formation. A wellbore heat-loss model that is a strong feature of this study is developed and employed in the model to improve the accuracy of the simulator and to be able to estimate the casing temperature and formation-temperature distribution. The model formulation is completed with an equation of state (EOS) to estimate fluid properties and appropriate friction-factor correlations in the wellbore tubing to compute the frictional pressure drop for different flow regimes. The developed model has several applications in the petroleum industry, particularly in the gas-well testing design and interpretation of both isothermal and nonisothermal gas reservoirs. This nonisothermal simulator is validated through comparisons to both analytical models and an equivalent numerical isothermal coupled wellbore/reservoir simulator that is also developed in this paper. Applications of this simulator to analyzing gas-well testing problems, in addition to several important observations, are extensively studied in Part 2 of this research work (Bahonar et al. 2010). Currently, it has been well accepted that the applicability and significance of a reservoir simulator depend on the behaviour of the wellbore and interaction between the wellbore and reservoir. A robust, accurate coupled wellbore and reservoir simulator is an invaluable tool for the petroleum engineer to help the petroleum industry understand production behaviour, make a meaningful prediction, and make correct decisions in all field-development and production stages.


Due to data limitations it is unclear if biological processes such as periods hinder girls in developing countries from participating in school to a greater extent than boys. We collect 32,000 unannounced random spot-checks for 6,000 primary school students in Kenya to assess if girls miss more school than boys. Absenteeism is common among both boys and girls, with pubescent girls missing more schooldays because of school transfers, but less if transfer students are excluded. Boys miss more days because of illness compared to girls. Cohen's kappa coefficient reveals non-random inconsistencies across the spot-check data and school registers, which would lead to bias if school register data were used in impact evaluations. To illustrate this point, we replicate the results from a three-arm pilot cluster randomized control study that provided sanitary products to schoolgirls to reduce absenteeism using the school records instead of the spot-checks for the same calendar dates. As shown, the school register data would lead to erroneous conclusions regarding the treatment effects. *Corresponding author Anja Benshaul-Tolonen. Department of Economics, Barnard College, Columbia University, 3009 Broadway, NY 10027, New York, USA. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com.


Validity refers to the extent to which a test accurately measures what it claims to measure. Validity is a matter of degree. The study is done to know the various methods of validity. Validity is a fundamental aspect of research quality, which is why it is important to assess the various methods of validity. Descriptive research was used for the study. It was examined that face validity refers to an indicator that seems to measure its construct "on its face". Content validity is a form of judgmental validity, that involves determining if a test adequately represents the content domain. Criterion-related validity methods include concurrent and predictive approaches. Construct validity assesses how well theoretical ideas are translated into measurable variables. Face validity involves examining whether a measurement appears suitable based on its operationalization on the face of it. Lawshe's content validity ratio quantifies expert agreement on the essentiality of individual items in a test or scale. In contrast, the content validity index considers overall expert agreement on the representativeness of items collectively within a test or scale. It considers the agreement among experts regarding the content validity of the entire set of items. Cohen's Kappa is used to assess the level of agreement between two or more raters or observers when coding or categorizing data. The kappa coefficient is particularly useful when chance agreement among raters is possible. Item Objective Congruence evaluates the efficacy of items in measuring one or more objectives, accomplished by an unbiased expert panel provides evidence of content validity. The most significant assessment at this stage is determining if items and objectives are congruent. Concurrent and predictive validity are assessed using Pearson's correlation and Spearman rank correlation coefficients respectively. The Multi-trait Multimethod Matrix (MTMM), evaluates the construct validity of measures. Validity is essential for ensuring credible and meaningful research findings by enhancing the trustworthiness of the measuring instruments.


Research of theories of competition and competitiveness is presented in article. The characteristic of various ratings of the competitiveness which are a source of the information about more than hundred strong and weak countries is given. Competitiveness factors in various ratings of competitiveness are defined and ranked.


A new module has been launched to help ensure we all play our part in being a diverse, supportive and inclusive place to work.


In the paper by Yoda and Yoda, "Influence of Certain Ligands on the Dissociation Rate Constants of Cardiac Glycoside Complexes with Sodium- and Potassium-Dependent Adenosine Triphosphatase," Vol. 10, No. 5, September 1974, line 9 of MATERIALS AND METHODS (p. 811) should read: Enzyme complex, the enzyme suspension was diluted to stop the association... Line 21 on p. 814 should read: 50 mM NaCl instead of 50 mM CaCl.


The present invention, the processing object for processing data (a processing entity, 220), a wireless transceiver to transmit and receive data related to external entities such as memory 222, and communication network infrastructure to store data over the air (a wireless relates to the transceiver, 224) the mobile terminal (a mobile terminal, 102, 104, 106 to provide a life Observation (life observations), such as a smart phone comprising a), the mobile terminal, Observation logic 300; and, the Observation logic 300, direct the active and passive Observation of the events (events), actions (actions) and / or property (properties) to be related to the mobile terminal according to the respective active and passive trigger ( being executed by said processing entity (entity processing) is stored in the memory to condcuting), Each active trigger is triggered rules and bonded (associated), such as the timing rules that direct the Related Observation, each passive trigger is converted (a change) and combined (associated) in Observation Environment, such as a predetermined event or action, Observer from mobile terminals to conduct Renovation (the occurrence) it is linked to the passive trigger, Data handling logic (a data handling logic, 350); comprises, the data handling logic 350 is collected in the external entity the direction through the wireless transceiver Time Observation data transmission (timed observation data transmissions) Observation data ( the gathered store Observation data point on the observation data) storage (storing), in the memory for analysis (analysing) and synthesis (aggregating) being characterized by being executed by said processing entity. The server structure (112) for analysis, said analysis comprising the status information and the active model, the mobile to the Observation is based on Observation provided by a plurality of mobile terminals, and directs the Observation based on the analysis results it is presented to guide the terminal. And a corresponding method is presented.


The strength, water sensitivity and structure of the HAC/PVA based MDF composites were studied, in which the cement phase was partially replaced by fly ash. The results indicated that the addition of ground fly ash to the MDF composites improved the pore structure and water sensitivity of the MDF composite but obviously decreased the mechanical properties. By the surface treatment of fly ash and cement with silane coupling agent, the flexural strength of the MDF composites containing fly ash can be significantly increased and the water sensitivity is further improved.


The method of low-temperature scanning laser microscopy is applied to visualize the resistive state in individual superconducting filaments extracted from (Bi, Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+x/Ag tapes. This technique is capable of imaging the distributions of the critical currents over a sample. Using the nonbolometric response, a spatial resolution of about 1 μm is demonstrated for 10-μm-thick filaments. Some of the resistively visualized grain boundaries between crystallites show Josephson behavior.


In order to make people understand the Chinese nature of wushu so as to inherit and promote the heritage of wushu,this paper researches into the Chinese nature of wushu by means of literature reviewing and logical reasoning.It upholds that wushu originates in China and develops in the context of China's unique regional culture.Due to its profound cultural bearing capacity,wushu has been credited as Chinese Martial Arts,national traditional sport,National Skill,and national quintessence.


Human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type one (HTLV‐1) is associated with tropical spastic paraparesis or HTLV‐I‐associated myelopathy. We report 2 women with a spastic ataxic illness similar to HTLV‐I‐associated myelopathy infected solely with HTLV‐II. Identification of HTLV‐II infection was made serologically, by polymerase chain reaction, and by viral culture (in 1 woman). One woman, treated with 200 mg of danazol orally, three times daily, had pronounced improvement in ambulation, nocturnal spasticity, and nighttime urinary frequency. It appears that infection with HTLV‐II may cause an illness similar to HTLV‐I‐associated myelopathy, but distinguished by the presence of ataxia.


The present invention relates to articles AS A disposable absorbent baby diapers or pads HEALTH HAVING A DELAY Backsheet TRANSPIRABLE EXHAUST FLUID. INCLUDING THE backsheet comprising an inner layer and an outer which are essentially unbonded to each other. BOTH layers can be formed of the same or a different breathable material and preferably a breathable material LIEU OF SINGLE PARITY material consumption. THE TRANSPIRABLE backsheet may comprise a polymer film hydrophobic gas permeable OPEN WITH CHARACTERISTICS DIRECTIONAL liquid transport. Also it may comprise a gas permeable fibrous tissue HYDROPHOBIC FIBER POLYMER COMPOSITE.


To ultimately study phase transitions of light, arrays of superconducting resonators must be made with low disorder in individual resonator frequencies. We fabricate and measure such arrays, minimizing disorder to a few parts in 104.


BACKGROUND: Pain is a sensation of individual discomfort. Patients often experience pain, especially pain after undergoing surgery. Pain free is one of patient's needs. Nurses should control and monitor the level of pain through pain reassessment, but this is not adequate. AIM: This study aims to get a picture about nurse's knowledge, attitude and supervision, and its relationship to the implementation of pain reassessment. METHODS: A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was conducted among 36 inpatient's nurses at Balaraja Regional Hospital applying total sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-made questionnaire, which passed validity and reliability test. Data entry and analysis were carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences with Chi-square test. RESULTS: Twenty-five (61.1%) nurses were in category good knowledge, 24 (66.7%) in category good attitude, 26 (72.2%) in good supervision, and 25 (69.4%) implementation of pain reassessment were in good category. There is no relationship between knowledge and implementation of pain reassessment (p = 0.467), but there is a relationship between attitude and implementation of pain reassessment (p = 0.020) and between supervision and implementation of pain reassessment (p = 0.039). CONCLUSION: This research concludes that there is no relationship between respondent knowledge and implementation of pain reassessment and there is a relationship between respondent's attitude and supervision with the implementation of pain reassessment in Inpatient Unit at Balaraja Regional Hospital in 2019. Nursing Management, to provide this information or in-service training for respondents to increase knowledge and attitude and to have a tight supervision, especially for respondents at practical nurses level one (PK-1) so that it is expected that the implementation of pain re-assessment will be better. Edited by: Sasho Stoleski Citation: Ngasu KE, Restiana R. Factors Affecting Implementation of Pain Reassessment in Inpatient Unit at Balaraja Regional Hospital. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2021 Mar 02; 9(T4):66-69. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5779


Phosphorus (P) is a vital plant nutrient, available to plant roots only in soluble forms that are in short supply in the soil. Adding phosphate- based fertilizers to increase agricultural yields is a widely used practice; however, the bio- availability of P remains low due to chemical transformations of P into insoluble forms. Thus, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) play an important role in reducing P deficiency in soil. The goal of this study was to assess biotechnological potential of phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strains. In this study, phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) were isolated from different soil samples of Southern regions of Kazakhstan. The biological activity of PSM was studied based on their effect on the growth of wheat seeds. The different taxonomic genera of these PSM were identified: Arthrobacter spp., Aureobacterium spp., Azotobacter spp., Bacterium spp., Baccillus spp. Finally, phosphate- solubilizing activity of isolated strains of PSM was assessed.


Large - scale piston and column are expensive. Based on the function analysis Of each part,making use of new stick technology and new material, more simple repair technology is worked out. The repaired piston and column not only sav the repairing cost,but also prolong the service life which is superior to the original design.


We used the orcein staining method to study the homogeneity of the distribution of HBsAG in complete frontal liver sections from 115 cases with hepatoma, cirrhosis and other liver diseases. The distribution of orcein-positive hepatocytes was usually uniform in non-cancerous liver. In 86% of orcein-positive cases the pattern was homogeneous.


Older people in residential or nursing care may have needs comparable with those of a healthy person living in the community, compounded by additional health-care needs. Sexual needs can be ignored or pushed into the background, with barriers created to their expression and satisfaction.


Female genital mutilation (FGM) is still a topical
practice in several African regions or countries. They constitute a violation
of human rights, in particular because of their harmful consequences for the
health of the people who suffer them and are the source of various
complications. We report a case of FGM complications in the form of total
coalescence of the labia majora with a small hole from which urine flows
permanently. The management was a disinfubilation with suturing of the edges
and urethral reimplantation and the evolution was favorable with complete
healing after two (2) weeks.


Slavery has been practiced as long as human history. Slavery is defined as the status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership are exercised. In early 19th century, states began to abolish slavery in their domestic laws and prohibition of slavery became customary international law around early 20th century. The prohibition of traditional chattel slavery, however, did not guarantee individuals rights to freedom. Contemporary forms of slavery or practice similar to slavery was widespread and this includes serfdom, forced labour, debt bondage, migrant workers, forced prostitution and sexual slavery. Therefore, in 1926, the Slavery Contention was adopted, which was designed to prohibit traditional chattel slavery and various contemporary forms of slavery. Prohibition of slavery has been a direct concern of international community. Slavery has been regulated by several conventions concerning prohibition of prostitution. Prohibition of prostitution is considered as a effective way to control contemporary forms of slavery. Slavery has been further regulated by ILO conventions, human rights conventions having general characters, and several international conventions and resolutions establishing international criminal tribunals and courts. The development of the prohibition of slavery shows us that the norm was clearly established by customary international law and treaties before the end of World War Ⅱ. In legal analysis, Comfort Women is a practice similar to slavery and a clear violation of international law prohibiting slavery, and Japan is liable for that.


How do actors prepare a script of a Shakespeare play for performance?Where do directors begin?What do Shakespeare's plays offer a designer or choreographer?How do the cast and creative team work together in rehearsals?
With Shakespeare in Action, Jaq Bessell presents thirty interviews with theatre practitioners from some of the larger producing theatres in the UK and the US, exploring the various processes which bring Shakespeare's plays to the stage. Actors, designers, directors and choreographers, including Eve Best, Bunny Christie, Gregory Doran and Lindsay Kemp, share their collective wisdom and experience, and reveal how training and practice informs productions of Shakespeare plays. These first-hand accounts provide students of Shakespeare in performance and practitioners with a critical toolkit with which to study the plays in performance.


An horizontal axis wind turbine having a rotor (3) with a frontal projection comprising a stationary spherical head (1) upstream of its multibladed turbine rotor (3) displaces and increases the speed of wind addressed over 70% of the total frontal area. A series of thin airfoils (12) radially and evenly placed on said spherical haead (1) to direct wind towards the turbine short blades (4).


We discuss an atomic system comprising a single discrete, ground level and two orthogonal continua. We assume that the continua are structured m we discuss two cases: that of Lorentzian continua, a...


The crotononitriles 1a–c coupled with arenediazonium salts to yield either the acyclic mono- or dihydrazones depending on coupling reaction conditions. Both mono- and dihydrazones could be cyclized to the corresponding pyridazine derivatives. Direct formation of pyridazines on coupling 1b and 1c with arenediazonium salts was observed. Structures of reaction products are confirmed by spectral and analytical data.


We appreciate the thoughtful comments provided by DeVico et al. [1] regarding the section of our opinion piece (Wilson & Karp [2]) that discussed the problem of limited durability of HIV-vaccine-induced antibody responses in humans. They have done important work, and written thoughtfully and provocatively about this topic [3]. We share their view that durability of the vaccine-induced antibody response is a key issue and must be addressed as part of the community-wide effort to discover and develop an HIV vaccine that induces protective antibodies and which is practical and affordable for use globally. In our opinion piece, we stated that three studies cited as examples suggest that 'the duration of anti-HIV envelope antibody responses has not been unusually brief in all studies', a statement with which they do not agree.


Raman spectra of BiB_3O_6 crystal(BIBO) was studied.It is an approximate treatment to divide the vibrational modes of the BIBO crystal into internal and external modes,the total number of external motions of BIBO are 2A+5B,the internal motions of the BIBO are 11A+10B.By using the method of molecular site group analysis,we attributed tentatively the internal modes BIBO to the vibrational modes of the BO_3 triangle and BO_4 tetrahedron,the BO_4 tetrahedron and BO_3 triangle share oxygen atoms.The external vibrations originated from the translational motions of Bi~(3+) and triborate anion group plus the librational motion of triborate anion group.


Current anomaly detection systems that enforce control flow integrity based on control flow graph information are not able to precisely monitor dynamic aspects of execution. Consequently, they are typically too coarse-grained to comprehensively detect modern code-reuse attacks. Even when enriched with dynamic monitoring information such as shadow stacks, the heuristics used are either too imprecise or produce many false negatives. In this paper, we present a novel approach to establish control flow integrity in multi-variant execution through execution location equivalence. The concept of execution location equivalence allows us to precisely detect execution divergence using a diversified control flow model and, consequently, to detect a broad variety of code-reuse attacks. In this way, execution of position-independent executables can be reliably rotected against a broad range of control hijacking attacks.


This article posits Hong Kong as a test case for several theoretical perspectives currently developed in the rising field of world literature. Focusing on three main areas—namely, Hong Kong's semi-peripheral neocoloniality, its language politics, and the proliferation of the poetry genre—the article aims to examine how world literature and Hong Kong can strike a dialogue with each other, exploring each other's limits. For Hong Kong to make meaningful contributions to world literature, it desperately needs to build a name for itself as a literature of its own concerns. Keywords: Hong Kong; Neo-coloniality; Language politics; World Literature


Objective To investigate the effects of orphanin FQ (OFQ) on simple and norepinephrineactivated cardiac function in isolated rat heart.Methods Male SD rats aged 3-4 months weighing 250-280 g were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 25% urethane 1.4-1.8 ml.Their hearts were excised and passively perfused with K-H solutionin a Lanngendorff apparatus.A fluid-filled latex balloon was inserted into left ventricle for measurement of developed pressure.Left ventricular systolic pressure(LVSP),left ventricular end-diastofic pressure(LVEDP),left ventricular developed pressure(LVDP=LVSP-LVEDP),HR and±dp/dtmax were measured.Sixty isolated rat hearts were randomly divided into 10 groups(n=6 each):Ⅰ control group (group C);Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ OFQ1,OFQ2,OFQ3 group--OFQ 10-6,10-7,10-8 mol/L were administered via perfusion system respectively;Ⅴ OFQ+UFP group--OFQ 10-6 mol/L+UFP-101 (all OFQ antagonist) 10-6 mol/L were administered;Ⅵ NE group--norepinephrine 10-5 mol/L;Ⅶ,Ⅷ,Ⅸ NE+OFQ groups--NE 10-5 mol/L+OFQ 10-6,10-7,10-8 mol/L were administered respectively;Ⅹ NE+OFQ+UFP group--NE 10-5 mol/L+OFQ 10-6mol/L+UFP-101 10-6mol/L.Results LVSP,LVDP and±dp/dtmax were significantly increased while HR was significantly decreased in the 3 OFQ groups as compared with control group.LVSP,LVDP±dp/dt max and HR were significantly increased in the 3 NE+OFQ groups as compared with NE group.Conclusion OFQ has positive inotropic action and negative chronotropic effect on the isolated rat heart.OFQ Can enhance the positive inotropic and chronotropic effect of NE on the heart.

Key words:
Opioid peptides; Heart function tests; Norepinephrine


In this study, the authors propose a new pulse waveform design methodology for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications, namely spectrum shifted Gaussian waveform (SSGW) approach. Specifically, UWB pulses can be generated by superposition of Gaussian sub-carriers, which can be used to fit Federal Communication Commission (FCC) spectrum masks specified for UWB applications. In this way, it can match with the FCC masks much better than those generated using the traditional methods based on Gaussian or Hermite pulses and their higher order derivatives. The SSGW works with a low computational complexity and offers a unique agility in design of time-domain pulse shapes to fit different power spectrum density masks. In principle, the SSGW approach can also be used for pulse waveform design in many other bandwidth efficient communication systems, not necessarily limited only to UWB systems.


By practical consideration, the principles to be abided by in introducing comprehensive income report in China, the ways of reporting and the main contents to reveal are proposed. Experiences can be drawn from America and England in practising comprehensive income report, to solve the actual problems in financial statements.


The conditioning of citizens on politics is primarily intended to materialize their interests and convictions; and this is done mainly through political parties. Parties articulate social interests, direct the political institutions and try to materialize their objectives particularly by occupying the decision-making positions. For this reason our democracy owes political parties legal recognition as special organizations, but also the legal it is necessary to analize parliamentary groups as the parliamentary arm of the parties.


Subcontractors are very important to the successful completion of most construction projects, yet the many issues involved in subcontracting practice are seldom acknowledged. A literature review indicates that these issues include the timeliness of payments by general contractors, the process of selecting subcontractors, subcontractor bonding, construction insurance, safety issues on the construction site, partnering arrangements with various parties, and productivity issues. A questionnaire survey was administered to subcontractors, general contractors, and construction owners to investigate these issues and to determine the differences in perceptions between the parties. The results confirm the existence of the issues identified in the literature and in addition indicate that (1) the practice of retainage withheld by general contractors seems to be acceptable to many subcontractors unless its magnitude is large relative to the size of the firm; (2) postaward bid shopping by general contractors is sometimes justified, particularly in cases where the scope of subcontract work is modified; and (3) current bonding and insurance practices are adequate unless the additional transferred risks are excessive. Recommendations are made on the basis of the findings to minimize the negative effects of said issues.


Abstract Aims To describe detainee engagement with the Drug Intervention Programme (DIP) and to assess the efficacy of operational practice models on treatment outcomes in London. Methods A prospective data linkage study matching 9910 detainees who tested positive for opiates and/or cocaine in 2017 to diversion services and to community or prison-based treatment. Logistic regression models examined factors associated with engagement and to understand prognostics correlated to a successful treatment outcome. Results Opiate users (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–1.92) and detainees with housing needs (AOR 1.32, 95% CI 1.05–1.66) were associated with initial engagement following a positive test. Detainees who tested positive for both opiates and cocaine (AOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.16–0.91), with severe housing needs (AOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.29–0.99) and who were female (AOR 0.41, 95% CI 0.22–0.77) were more likely to report an unsuccessful treatment outcome. Case-managed approaches were more likely to engage detainees into treatment and utilization of this model is significantly associated with positive treatment outcomes (AOR 1.60, 95% CI 1.07–2.38). Conclusions Pretrial diversionary schemes for drug misusers should consider enhancing existing case-managed approaches although the model remains geared toward opiate rather than stimulant users. The importance of housing was highlighted. Tailored packages of care are required to support individuals from the point of arrest through to treatment, for those with complex needs especially for female detainees, poly-drug users and those with acute housing needs.


This study explores urban-rural differences in Indian time use behavior to shed some light on disparity and social exclusion issues. Based on the time use data collected by the Indian government, the authors particularly examine the different impacts of gender, income and education level between urban and rural areas, by developing a series of time use models of subsistence, social and leisure activities. Also, to identify the factors rendering them immobile, a mobile/immobile choice model is developed. The results show that there are unignorable urban-rural differences not only in the average time use patterns, but also in the factors influencing them. One of the important findings is that females especially living in urban area found to be less mobile, and time use differences between male and female are generally higher in urban area. The authors also discuss that, although behavioral observations are crucial to understand disparity and social exclusion issues, the observation results should be understood with a clear distinction whether the decisions come from "choice" or "constraint".


A data compression method is presented that is generally applicable to first‐order convergent iterative procedures that employ subspace expansions or extrapolations based on successive correction vectors. This method is based on the truncation of insignificant information in successive correction vectors. Although the correction vectors themselves may be severely truncated with the proposed approach, the final solution vector may be represented to arbitrary accuracy. A feature of the proposed method is that more slowly convergent iterative procedures allow the correction vectors to be more severely truncated without affecting the overall convergence rate. The method is implemented and applied to the iterative Davidson diagonalization method. If the compressed representation of the expansion vectors can be held in main computer memory, then a significant reduction in the I/O requirements is achieved.


The main technologies and architectures in next generation of multi-wavelength access network are introduced,which mainly includes WDM-PON,WDM/TDM hybrid PON,WDM/OCDMA-PON. And the implementation scheme of colorless ONU in WDM-PON is presented emphatically,of which the architecture that implements colorless ONU is a promising technology. In addition the research status and development orientation of next generation of WDM-PON architecture based broadcasting TV are analyzed.


The paper focuses on the two EU Directives on family reunification (2003/86/EC) and on the long-term resident third country nationals (2003/109/EC). It shows the existence of a number of serious divergences between some of the current substantive EU immigration legislation and international and European human rights law. This gap indicates, at the same time, a regrettably grave discrepancy between Euro-Constitutional and Directive preambular declarations, and the politico-legal reality currently reigning in the EU, which is rather inspired by the raison d'etat way of thinking and policy making.


Currently, the development of the efficiency of bank lending is directly related to ensuring sustainable economic growth. A significant increase in the efficiency of the credit process is achieved through the mechanism of preliminary credit analysis – a set of control and settlement measures aimed at identifying and assessing the risks of increasing the volume of loans provided by a credit institution to borrowers. The key disadvantage of classical methods of assessing the financial condition of an enterprise is the static nature of models, which leads to a decrease in their predictive power due to the action of regional, industry, and market specifics. The article presents the results of a study of the most common modeling methods in the analysis of the borrower's financial statements for the algorithm of their compilation and accuracy in relation to small and medium-sized businesses in the Novosibirsk region. The research methodology includes formal logical methods – analysis, synthesis, induction, as well as methods of mathematical statistics - correlation analysis, attributive distribution, classification. The object of the study is models for assessing the financial condition of the borrower. The subject of the study is assessment tools and methods for assessing the financial condition of an enterprise. The purpose of the study is to develop a universal system of indicators included in the borrower's preliminary assessment model.


We studied the effects of serum from children with bacterial sepsis and poor cardiac function on isolated myocardial muscle performance. We measured the force (Fmax -mg) and dF/dt (gm/sec) of isolated dog papillary muscle contraction. Control serum was obtained from 3 uninfected subjects and a normotensive child with S. aureus bacteremia. Our 4 study subjects had hypotension and bacteremia due to either H. influenza, N. meningitidis, Yersinia pestis or D. pneumoniae. All study subjects required mechanical ventilation and inotropic support - mean LV % fractional shortening = 21%(nl=28-40%), mean Doppler cardiac output = 3.2 L/min/M2 (nl=2.5-4.5) and mean systemic vascular resistance = 11.6 units (nl=18-28). Baseline Fmax and dF/dt were compared to values measured 10 minutes after the addition of 0.3-1.0 ml of serum to the 50ml muscle bath.Serum from study subjects caused significant reductions in Fmax and dF/dt. We conclude that children with bacteremia and depressed myocardial function have a serum myocardial depressant factor which may also reduce vascular tone. Definition of this factor may provide new directions for the early management of hemodynamic distress in these critically ill subjects.


Background: The importance of an individual's community impacts cancer disparities and is intimately related to social determinants of health. Surgery refusal is associated with a high disease-specific mortality. Studies of factors associated with refusal of treatment for potentially curable breast cancer show personal factors including age, marital status, and insurance are at play. However, few studies have investigated whether community or area-based characteristics may affect receipt of surgery. Methods: We selected all women diagnosed with non-metastatic (Stage I-III) breast cancer in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We focused on those who refused surgery comparing racial and ethnic differences between Non-Hispanic White (NHW), Non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and Hispanic all races. Yost index calculated as neighborhood socio-economic status (nSES- divided into tertiles) and RUCA code-derived rural-urban status were based on an NCI census tract-level index, a composite score that includes income, education, housing, and employment; the remaining community factor measures were based on county-level index. Sociodemographic and community differences were analyzed using Pearson's Chi-Square tests and analysis of variance. Multivariate logistic regression of predictors of refusal of surgery and Cox-proportional hazard model of disease-specific mortality were performed. A p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 2,155 (0.7%) of 322,538 people refused surgery (NHW: 1,435 (66.6%), NHB: 353(16.3%), Hispanic all races: 166(7.7%)). Surgery refusers were more likely to live in areas with high poverty (<200% level), lower education attainment, lower unemployment, higher percentage urban population, higher percentage foreign-born, higher rates of language isolation, and lower rates of women over 40 having undergone mammography in the previous two years. Multivariate analysis shows surgery refusal is associated with high percentage of having a bachelor's degree or higher (OR: 1.29, 95% CI:1.05-1.60, p-value <0.05), high percentage of poverty (<200% of poverty) (OR: 1.50, 95% CI:1.04-2.16, p-value <0.05), and high percentage of urban population (OR: 1.26, 95% CI:1.06-1.49, p-value <0.01). Surgery refusal rates declined with increasing nSES. Breast cancer-specific mortality increased significantly for those who refused surgery (HR:3.92, 95% CI: 3.41-4.51, p-value <0.01). Conclusion: Risk of refusing surgery for an otherwise curable breast cancer is associated with residence in communities with the lowest nSES. These are communities disproportionately populated by racial and ethnic minorities. Given the high mortality associated with refusing surgery, further investigation into the reasons why women decline treatment is necessary. For women living in impoverished communities, culturally sensitive education on benefits of care may be appropriate, while women of means may face different challenges such as utilization of alternative medicine.
 Citation Format: Theresa Relation, Oindrila Bhattacharyya, Jay Fisher, Yaming Li, Allan Tsung, Ahmad Hamad, Amara Ndumele, Bridget Oppong. Are neighborhood and community factors associated with refusing breast cancer surgery? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-14-05.


Kramers's theory of chemical kinetics is modified in order to analyze reacting systems in which the path of lowest energy between the reactants and the products is a curve in two dimensions. The potential surface is allowed to be either symmetric or asymmetric with respect to the barrier, and approximate expressions for the rate constant are obtained via both the Smoluchowski and Fokker–Planck equations. Accurate numerical results are computed for a special case and are seen to be in good agreement with the predictions of the theory. The analytical results indicate that the effect of the curved reaction path is to increase the rate constant over its straight‐path value when the friction constant β is arbitrarily large. A competing effect arises when the frictional forces are reduced, however, and for sufficiently small β a decrease in the rate constant is noted. Nevertheless, the analyses tend to justify the commonly used notion of a reaction coordinate.


The calculation of odds ratios is a task that SAS software can provide easily for even the most basic programmer. However, the presentation of this information can become awkward and difficult when a programmer is faced with specific requirements that are not readily addressed in SAS/GRAPH. Specifications including the horizontal display of confidence intervals, a varying number of studies, and symbol size generation that is based on varying study populations, may all add to a challenging task. When first presented with this task, a programmer may be tempted to pursue other, more suitable software packages to graphically present the data. But, with some careful thinking and clever programming, the limitations of SAS/GRAPH can be overcome by utilizing other SAS tools to prepare statistical data for appropriate graphical presentation.


This paper compares treatment of bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (BKME) using activated sludge vs. PACT™, with respect to removal of toxicity as measured using two different assays: Microtox™ and Ceriodaphnia dubia. Both activated sludge and PACT TM treatment processes were operated over a range of solids and hydraulic retention times using BKME. Various doses of powdered activated carbon were applied in the PACT™ process. Activated sludge treatment is sufficient to remove nearly all detectable Microtox™ toxicity for bleached kraft pulp mill efflue nt with initial low to moderate toxicity. Based on the Microtox TM toxicity assay, PACT™ was found to slightly improve the toxicity level of highly toxic bleached kraft pulp mill effluent. The chronic Ceriodaphnia dubia toxicity assay was more sensitive than the Microtox TM assay in determining toxicity. Significant residual chronic toxicity towards Ceriodaphnia dubia remained in all bleached kraft pulp mill effluents, irrespective of the treatment process. Both activated sludge and PACT™ remove toxicity, but PACT™ effluents are more toxic. Powdered activated carbon alone shows chronic toxicity towards Ceriodaphnia dubia, probably due to physical ingestion of powdered activated carbon particles.


This paper presents a comparison of simultaneous switching-output noise measurements taken with a 0.16 /spl mu/m CMOS test chip on two flip-chip multilayer packages: IBM's new HyperBGA/sup TM/ high-density PTFE-based organic BGA, and an existing IBM ASIC-menu alumina-ceramic BGA. In two classes of tests, measured transmitted noise from the organic BGA was found to average less than half that of the ceramic BGA. Technology and design features of the chip and package test vehicles are described and compared. Several types of simulations, including extracted loop inductance and full-wave simulation of coupling parameters, identify various noise components in each package and elucidate the large differences in measured noise between the two packages.


The quality of archivists directly affects the quality of filing work. The information-based management of filing work brings forth even higher demand on archivists. In addition to having basic quality of traditional file management, archives in new age should also pay attention to the improvement of comprehensive quality of modern file management and try to bring the files into proper play.


In this paper, we present a novel disposal method, two stage HLR, to deal with the mobility of roam user in a PCS network. Compared with IS-41, GSM and forwarding pointer system, the method can reduce long-distance registration and cancellation process signaling and escape long-distance waste allocation of net resources without higher demand for basic construction of service provider. The registration and cancellation cost can be reduced at full steam since the roam users information was put HLR抯 special memory. The method is feasible since memorys cost decreases gradually.


The poverty of authentic and strictly contemporary material relative to the inception and conduct of Drake's voyage of I577-80 is notorious, and Stow's statement (made in 1592) that on his return "books, pictures & ballads were published in his praise" is not only unconfirmed, but directly contradicted by the words of the rhyming publicist Henry Roberts. Roberts (following his custom) penned a Ballad in Farewell when Drake went to sea in 1585, and referring to the circumnavigation says: "I did expect some Ovid's pen to paint his worthy praise, But none hath writ. . ." and his heart failed him when he thought to attempt the task himself. Thus every scrap of relevant material that can be garnered is of interest and value to the student, a fact that must be the justification of the present article, dealing as it does, without any attempt at completeness, with two fragmentary documents. The first of these can be connected with Drake only by inference, albeit a strong one. It is part of an English manuscript Navigating Manual, of a type common enough during the sixteenth century in Spain and Portugal, but found only in borrowed form in England. This example has been compiled and translated from Spanish and Portuguese sources. In addition to the stereotyped rules for position finding, it includes a number of rutters or sailing directions for particular routes, including the English Channel approaches, the Muscovy and Guinea voyages, the voyage to Brazil (two sets) and that for


This paper presents a new driving technique for 5 phase hybrid step motors and a new pentagon connecting pattern,the experimental results are given.This driving system has the advantages of excellent dynamic response, favorable operational stability, high reliability and simple circuit. The properties of the step motor are fully developed.


Based on the review of the literature and our own research deals with modern problems of neurosurgical treatment of drug-resistant pain face (prosopalgia). We investigated 1191 patients with somatogenic typical prosopalgia (mean patient age 33,57 years) with different stages of the pain syndrome intensive, age range 28 – 53 years.It was shown that patients with typical prosopalgia with the most severe pain syndrome with increasing duration of the disease increases and the percentage of drug-resistant forms. Tactics of treatment, indications, contraindications to the use of differentiated various surgical techniques are defined enough. The biggest problems arise in the treatment of patients with atypical drug-resistant prosopalgia.


In sub-Saharan Africa, the maternal mortality ratio has remained a constant 500 deaths/100,000 live births despite increased efforts to address the problem since the launch of the Safe Motherhood Initiative in 1987. This situation is caused by 1) a poor referral system with little or no transportation, a lack of care during transport, and a lack of drugs for emergency treatment; 2) a low level of contraceptive availability and consequent use; 3) a high number of abortions with fatal complications; and 4) inadequate provision of adequate quality obstetric care. Research has indicated that countries with an annual per capita income of only $200 have succeeded in substantially reducing maternal mortality. Thus, maternal mortality is more closely linked to poor organization of services than to a lack of national resources. It is time for women and the whole of civil society to engage in advocacy activities of behalf of safe motherhood so that decision-makers will provide the necessary resources.


Introduction Marco Odello and Sofia Cavandoli 1. "Virtual World, Real Rights?" Human Rights and the Internet Diane Rowland 2. The Dilemma of Intervention: Human Rights and the UN Security Council Emma McClean 3. The Contribution of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to the Promotion and Protection of Democracy in International Law Richard Burchill and Sofia Cavandoli 4. Human Rights Dimensions of Contemporary Environmental Protection Engobo Emeseh 5. Offenders, Deviants or Patients? Human Rights and the Incarcerated Offender Gareth Norris 6. Indigenous Rights in the Constitutional State Marco Odello 7. An International Convention on the Rights of Older People? John Williams 8. Humanitarian Aid, Human Rights and Corruption Indira Carr and Susan Breau


The Imperial Examination had been accompanied by cheating,which had become very"delicate"in Ming and Qing dynasty,whose government had taken lots of countermeasures to solve the prob lem but ceased to be ineffective.However,the countermeasures and their implementation adopted by Ming and Qing Dynasty to avoid cheating in examinations can draw some beneficial enlightenments for us today to solve the problem of cheating in in our national examinations.


The molecular structure of the title compound, C10H8Cl2O3, exists in a cis-enol form, which is stabilized by a strong intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond. In the crystal, C—H⋯O interactions generate zigzag chains along the c axis which are, in turn, linked by further C—H⋯O interactions into sheets parallel to (100).


Anything whichmight beof interest to ISHE members is welcome: society mallers. suggestions for Forum topics, Mini Communications. Current literature and mms, and material for the Bulletin Board such as announcements of meetings, sabbatical oportunities. employment opportunities. etc.• should be sent to the Editor. Suggestions for books to review. or reviews. should be sent to the nearest Book Review Editor dealing with the language concerned. A list of the book review editors is printed in collum inside the backpage. Submissions in ;my legible format are acceptable as long as these are in English. Floppy disks containing Wordperfect produced on an IBM-PC (compatible). or ASCII files can be processed as well and are in fact preferred. because they lower the production costs. New Vice-President


Abstract : A package of computer programs has been developed to simulate the operation of reservoir systems. The package is based on the Corps of Engineers computer program HEC-5, Simulation of Flood Control and Conservation Systems. HEC-5 can simulate reservoir operation for flood control, water supply and hydropower. The package also contains support programs for data entry, data checking and display of simulation results in graphical or tabular form. This document presents each program in the package and provides user guidance. (cp)


The paper deals with determining the neural network model uncertainty for the purpose of robust controller design. The approach presented in the paper is based on the application of optimum experimental design for the choice of sequences providing the most informative data during the training of neural network. As a criterion quantifying the quality of training process a measure operating on the Fisher Information Matrix related to the estimates of network parameters is used. Then, it is possible to analyze the variance of the predicted network response and estimate how possible variations of parameter values influence the changes observed in the predicted model output. This allows to construct an appropriate cost function for the control system taking into account the model uncertainty and incorporate it into model predictive control scheme.


The nature of the band bending at semiconductor surfaces (and related carrier type) is an important materials parameter. We demonstrate that an electroreflectance mode which employs a capacitorlike configuration can conveniently be used for this evaluation in a contactless manner. Results will be presented on n‐ and p‐type bulk GaAs, semi‐insulating GaAs, nominally undoped In0.15Ga0.85As and n‐ and p‐type GaAs and InP structures with large, almost uniform electric fields.


demic contribution, it is quite clear that he has been much maligned and misinterpreted and that some further rectification is required. As Treviño argues in his Introduction, another major objective of the book is to act as ''a corrective to the misinformed but still pervasive notion that Parsons was no more than a mindless structural functionalist, a tool of elitist interests and a grand theorist who had no understanding of actual social problems'' (p. 1). This edited collection goes some way toward countering this impression, as well as achieving Treviño's final objective of providing a selective discussion of the theoretical and practical contributions that Parsons has made to our sociological understanding—even if his work continues to be contentious among those who start from a politically conflictual rather than consensual view of society, and those who take a micro-level ground-up action approach rather than a highly theorized macro systems perspective on the operation of social life. From a more critical perspective, in terms of the book itself, there will be those who are surprised that there is not more chapter content dedicated to other themes that were central to Parsons's work, such as his muchcited publications on medicine and the professions. Mention of these illustrative topics highlights the limitations of the contents of the chapters of the book in exploring the work of such an expansive and influential thinker. This is also true of the index to the collection itself which—aside from not referencing either of these mainstream topics—is extremely short for a volume of this kind. However, as far as the collection goes, it is certainly well written, soundly referenced, and of high quality—even if the chapters are occasionally inconsistent in length. As such, it adds to other recent complementary literature on Parsons's sociological thought and provides further dimensions to our understanding of the man and his life. It is therefore a worthy and interesting addition to sociological reading on its subject— infused with the laudable hope of the editor that it will assist a new generation of scholars to engage more fully with not only Parsons's academic agendas, but also contemporary social concerns.


Nowadays the organization of an accounting process and theoretical and methodological aspects of accounting are equally important. This results in permanent improvement of existing ways of accounting and emergence ofthe new ones. The article examines one of the modern trends in this sphere cloud accounting which is a kind of online service to do accounting.The purpose of the article is to examine the nature and peculiarities of a «cloud accounting» phenomenon and to consider its possible application.As part of their research the authors analyzed both good and bad points of the new «cloud» form of accounting process, singled out the major problems and difficulties the accountancy specialists should take into consideration when deciding to apply or not the technology in question and finally summarized the opinions of professionals about applying e-accounting and using online service to store financial data.Finally, the article describes the prospects of introduction and integration of cloud accounting into the accounting practice and the possible ways of how to develop and improve cloud accounting.


Thecondition ofhighvoltage cable, power transformer andgenerator insulation isaffected bya numberofmanufacturing andoperating variables. Although forensic examinations ofsolid insulation failures arecommonly conducted andthere aremany electrical tests toassess thecondition oftheinsulation system, therehasbeenonlya limited effort to investigate andspatially mapthechanges inchemical characteristics andproperties that canalso affect failure. We haveapplied a rangeof non-destructive spectroscopic methodssuchas infrared, Raman, including their respective microprobe methods, andUV- VIS-NIRspectroscopy tomeasurespatially resolved chemical composition andstructure ofpolymeric insulated cables, powertransformers andgenerator stator insulation bothbefore andafter electrical and thermal stressing. Byapplying multivariate statistical analysis (MVSA), wehavebeenabletoexplore and extract relationships between chemical change inthe material and"intrinsic variables" suchasstressing time, temperature andvoltage aswellas explore the relationships withphysical properties andperformance suchaselectrical breakdown strength, mechanical strength andcharge mobility. Recent workillustrates the powerofsuchmethods inexploring keyproperty and performance relationships andtheability tomapthese spatially withnew remoteandrapid spectroscopic optical probe methods. We propose that well-populated MVSA models canrelate chemical andphysical change insolid insulation systems toelectrical measurements, topotential indicators ofinsulation ageing andprovide a predictive capability forinsulation condition assessment whichcould assist ininsulation life prediction.


Based on the need to identify effective methods to increase work motivation and engagement of employees, this paper aims to identify Romanian employees' work expectations, satisfaction and dissatisfaction sources, and to analyze the influence that the national cultural factor has upon these. The consideration of the cultural factor is given by the fact that for decades the field of motivation was shaped mainly by occidental theories, neglecting the cultural factor and its potential influence on human behavior. To achieve the goal of the paper, we conducted a qualitative research, using the focus group as research tool. Two focus groups were carried out, each with ten participants from different generations: young employees and employees with seniority. This paper focuses on the comparison of the two generations included in the survey. For example, interpersonal relationships with peers represent the most frequent source of work satisfaction for both generations considered. At the same time, salary is frequently a source of dissatisfaction for the younger generation, and aspects related to the policy and administration of the company seem to rather displease employees with seniority. This research is part of a broader research, however, is not without limitations. So, given that the research was conducted on a population consisting of individuals with higher education from urban areas we can not claim that these results are valid also for employees in rural areas or without higher education.


The Americanization of the alien is a process of adjustment to American conditions. Five factors contribute, or should contribute, to this process. The first of these factors is the protection of the alien from exploitation and defraudation by private bankers, steamship ticket agents, employment agents, padroni and a host of those who feast upon the ignorant and helpless. Such protection by the state impresses upon the alien a higher ideal of American citizenship and eventually makes him a better citizen. The second factor is the proper employment of the immigrant. A substantial proportion of those immigrating annually are farmers


Paclitaxel templates were imprinted into the silica layer by thermally cleavable urethane bonds between paclitaxel and 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane(IPTS),which was synchronously coated onto the surface of silica nanoparticles through a sol-gel processing between paclitaxel-IPTS and tetraethoxysilcane(TEOS).After removal of templates by simple thermal cleavage reaction,the molecularly imprinted layer-coated silica nanoparticles for paclitaxel were synthesized.Afterwards,the paclitaxel imprinted silica nanoparticles were evaluated by rebinding experiments and showed higher affinity to paclitaxel than the non-imprinted silica nanoparticles.


Per-rectal portal scintigraphy is an easy and noninvasive method for assessing the status of a portosystemic shunt. This approach is typically used for determining shunt index in cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension. We report a case where per-rectal portal scintigraphy proved useful for quantitative evaluation of portosystemic shunt after incomplete embolization.


Inductive hyperthermia treatment plans were built using Comsol Multiphysics software for patients with breast cancer metastasis to lymph nodes. To assess the influence of electromagnetic irradiation on temperature increase in metastatic lymph nodes, treatment plans were based on moderate hyperthermia parameters (< 42 °C). The proposed technology can be used to provide a more personalized approach to treatment planning for patients with locally advanced breast cancer receiving combination therapy which involves neoadjuvant chemotherapy and expand eligibility for organ-preserving surgery.


Sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and morphology were employed to construct the phylogeny for Carpinus and the subfamily Coryloideae (Betulaceae). Both the ITS data and the analysis using 23 morphological characters suggest that Corylus is monophyletic and basally branching within the subfamily Coryloideae; Ostryopsis is sister to the clade of Carpinus and Ostrya; Carpinus sect. Carpinus is monophyletic; and Carpinus sect. Distegocarpus is paraphyletic. Results from the two data sets differ mainly in the relative position of Ostrya and the placements of species within Carpinus. Ostrya is placed between Carpinus sect. Distegocarpus and sect. Carpinus in the ITS tree, whereas Carpinus is monophyletic (bootstrap value of 55%) in the morphological data. The phylogenetic results indicate a generalized biogeographic track between southeastern Europe and eastern Asia. This track is found in two clades of Carpinus and one clade of Ostrya. Carpinus also shows a biogeographic connection between eastern Asia and eastern North America in the ITS tree, although discordance is found in the morphological data concerning this biogeographic relationship.


(a) Evidence is presented which shows that the gases emitted by the Aguan flow of lava at Paricutin did not burn when they came in contact with the air. (b) The temperature of the lava at its source was estimated to be 1200°C and thus lies in the same range as that for other basaltic lavas. (c) Temperature-measurements were also made of the fumaroles located on the older Zapichu flow where a maximum of 640°C was recorded.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nutrition education on nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary intake of Chinese college students in Korea. The subjects were 64 Chinese college students in Korea (educated group, 32 students vs. non-educated group, 32 students). Educated group was lessoned as group and/or individual. Nutrition education program consisted of four lessons (40 min / lesson), '6 major nutrients & function (group lesson)', '6 food group and sources (group lesson)', 'personalized daily needed energy and food exchange units using Food Exchange System (individual lesson)', and 'smart choice of snacks and eating-out foods (group lesson)'. We examined the differences between educated group and non-educated group in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrients intake. After education, there were positive improvements on nutrition knowledge: 'function and foods of 6 nutrients', on dietary attitudes: 'type of breakfast' in educated group. In the evaluation of nutrient intakes according to Dietary Reference Intakes for Korean (KDRI), there were positive improvements on intake levels of riboflavin, fiber, vitamin B6, vitamin C, folate, Ca and K in the educated group. In the index of nutrition quality (INQ), nutrition adequacy ratio (NAR) and mean nutrition adequacy ratio (MAR) were significantly increased in the educated group. In conclusion, it is possible to improve nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude and dietary intake of Chinese college students in Korea through the nutrition education focused on personalized daily needed energy and food exchange units. (Korean J Community Nutr 18(6) : 565~576, 2013)


Depth profiling analysis of rapidly solidified (RS) foils of Al alloys provides new insight into microstructure evolution of the materials during non-equilibrium solidification at exceptionally high cooling rates. Original Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) investigations of the near-surface region of rapidly solidified binary Al-Ti; V; Mn; Fe; Co; Ni; Cu; Zn; Ge; Sb alloy systems were overviewed to point out features of the discovered nonuniform dope depth distribution profiles within the cooling rates in the range of 10-10 K/s. For the first time it was obtained that the concentration-depth profiles in the Al alloy foils could be classified into three groups with respect to surface segregation. It was clearly demonstrated strong effect both of the system composition and thermal annealing on the revealed patterns of the layer-by-layer composition up to 1.2 μm depth below foil surface. Along with the continued advances in microstructure analysis, it is evident that attention to the surface microstructure of the Al alloy foils is essential in understanding of solidification mechanisms, taking place during rapid solidification.


A botanical survey of Pulau Jong of the Republic I)T S~ngapot-e. a 0.6 ha i.;land off the soulh coast of Singapore Island. recently found at least 38 native \xscular plan1 species which are l i ~ t e d hcrc. Previous botanical records for the island arc also coll;~tcd lo bring the recorded number of species now ro 52. 'l'hc contempornt-> flora is dotninnrcd b y beach and secondal-1 forest species. The i l i ~ h t change in the spceics composition and decline in number compared to oh.rcrvations made b \ Hvlttuni (1925) arc typical of the random fluctualions secn in small islarid floras.


At the macro level, the time-series of the amounts of loans granted (a flow) and repaid (a flow) to the banking system in each period are not available. The information on these flows is important in many analyses, such as the impact of the bank lend- ing on investment outlays. However, one can get the information concerning the structure of loans (a stock variable) regarding their duration. In each period, the loans are granted for different periods: from overnight ones to those lasting several years. The effective preferences of the credit takers are reflected in the term distribu- tion of the outstanding loans. In order to estimate these flows, a model aimed at linking the above-mentioned preferences, the levels of loans and flows has been developed. In the approach proposed, the amount of loans outstanding is a resultant of the rate of the new loans and their duration, which in turn is the result of the term preferences. The evaluation of the flow of loans granted in the Polish banking sector is presented.


Objective: Proteolytic enzymes including cysteine proteases have been implicated in astrocytoma invasion. We aim to characterize the expression of cathepsin S (CatS) cysteine protease and investigate its potential role as a prognostic indicator in astrocytomas. Design: CatS expression in astrocytoma biopsy specimens (WHO grades I – IV) was quantified using immunohistochemical and enzymological techniques. Survival probabilities in glioblastoma subjects were calculated using Kaplan –Meier and log-rank analyses. Subjects: Fifty-seven patients (seven grade I, six grade II, 15 grade III, 29 glioblastoma) who underwent tumour decompression. Outcome measures: Correlation of CatS expression with WHO grade and survival in GBM patients. Results: CatS immunostaining was limited to astrocytoma tumour cells and cells of the macrophage/ microglia lineage. The intensity of staining within and betweenWHO tumour grades was variable, and there was no correlation between level of expression and tumour grade. CatS activity was present in all four tumour grades with highest levels in glioblastomas. Activities in groups I – III ranged from 0.04 to 0.4 nmol nMEC/mg/min, while values from 0.03 to 0.83 nmol/mg/min were recorded in glioblastomas. No correlation existed between CatS activity and macrophage/microglial count in glioblastomas. Survival analysis of glioblastoma patients revealed a worse outcome for those with tumour activities greater than 0.4 nmol nMEC/mg/min (median survival = 6months) compared to those with activity less than 0.4 nmol/mg/min (median survival = 11months). Conclusions: Our results suggest that CatS activity may have prognostic value in glioblastomas.


Review(s) of: Ethics and the Australian News Media, by Hurst, John and White, Sally A, Macmillan, 1994, ISBN 0 7329 1939, $34.95 pb.


The utility model relates to an installation structure of a drawer slide rail damper, comprising moving slide rails arranged on fixed slide rails in a slide way; the fixed slide rails are provided with a slide base, a rocking block is arranged in a slideway of the slide base in a sliding manner; one end of the rocking block is connected with one end of an extension spring in the slide base, while the other end of the extension spring is hooked to the slide base; a gib head and an inclined slide slot are arranged outwards on the rocking block, the moving slide rails are accordingly provided with a touch rod, the fixed slide rails are provided with the damper, the damper is arranged at the side face of the slide base and comprises a cylinder body and a piston rod; the head part of the damper is connected with the stretching end of the rocking block through the piston rod, while the tail part thereof is inserted and installed to a fixing base arranged on the slide base, the slide base is provided with pins, while the fixed slide rails are provided with positioning holes which are correspondingly arranged. The front part of the slide bases is provided with front jacks, and a front pressure connecting face is arranged beside the front jacks, while the bottom face of the front pressure connecting face is provided with front positioning flanged pins. The installation structure of the utility model has the advantages of simple and rational structure, small size, low manufacture cost, comparatively flexible installation means and convenient operation.


The root morphology of plant could be significantly affected by the elevated atmospheric CO2,especially the roots length,diameter,biomass,turnover and spatial distribution,all of which would facilitate the plants to absorb more nutrients and water from the soil so as to adapt the elevated CO2 environment.However,there are still some shortages in this research area.For example,both the mechanisms regulating the elevated CO2-induced morphology change of roots and the dynamic changes of matter cycling and energy flow are hot disputed.This present paper summarizes the achievements of published researches in recent years about the effect of elevated CO2 and its interaction with environment elements on morphology change of root,so as to provide the theory for revealing the mechanism of elevated CO2-induced morphology change of roots.


With the award of the 1971 Nobel prize in physics to Dennis Gabor, holography has reached a new pinnacle of prestige. Gabor won his prize for the invention of holography, a form of wavefront  reconstruction in which a coherent reference wave appears to unlock a threedimensional replica of an object from a two-dimensional standing-wave pattern. The science of holography has taken some curious turns in its relatively short 25-year history. The time divides itself naturally into three periods: The first could be considered a precursor stage, when the aim was to record wavefronts diffracted from crystals that had been irradiated with x radiation or electron waves. If reconstruction with visible light were successful, a highly magnified image of the crystal lattice would result. Recording the phase of the radiation was, however, a difficult problem that was soluble only for rather special cases. (For a description of this early work, carried out principally by Sir Lawrence Bragg and Hans Boersch, see reference 1.) In 1948. Gabor developed a way to introduce a coherent background or reference wave, and the second period began.


The conventional ordinary least squares (OLS) method of fitting a line to a set of data points is very unreliable when the amount of random noise in the input (such as an image) is significant compared with the amount of data that is correlated with the lane itself. In this paper we present an analytic method of separating the data of interest from the outliers. We assume that the overall data (i.e., the line data plus the noise) can be modeled as a mixture of two statistical distributions. Applying a variant of the method of moments (MoM) to the assumed model yields an analytic estimate of the desired line.


It was presented of the safety situations of the inservice pressure vessels in China,six key problems that had influences on the operation of in-service pressure vessels,the latest progress of the safety assessment technique of defects of pressure vessels at home and abroad,and the situations surface protection technique.


The main objective of this paper is to show that there is a natural recursive extension T of ZFC+ large cardinals which gives a complete theory of the Chang model L([Ord]≤א1) with respect to the unique efficient method to produce consistency results for this structure, i.e., stationary set preserving forcings. In particular we will show that a closed formula φ relativized to this Chang model is first order derivable in T if and only if it is provable in T that T + φ is forceable by a stationary set preserving forcing. In our eyes the results of this paper give a solid a posteriori explanation of the success forcing axioms have met in providing at least one consistent solution to many ZFC-provably undecidable problems. The paper can be divided into six sections: • An introduction (Section 1) shows how the above results stem out of Woodin's work on Ω-logic and of Woodin's absoluteness results for L(R) and for the Chang model L([Ord]א0). We also try to explain in what terms we can assert that the main result of this paper is an optimal extension to the Chang model L([Ord]≤א1) of Woodin's absoluteness results for the Chang model L([Ord]א0). We also try to argue that the results of this paper give an a posteriori explanation of the success that forcing axioms has met in solving a variety of problems showing up in set theory as well as in many other fields of pure mathematics. • Section 2 presents some background material on stationary sets (Subsection 2.1), large cardinals (Subsection 2.2), posets and boolean completions (Subsection 2.3), stationary set preserving forcings (Subsection 2.4), forcing axioms (Subsection 2.5), and iterated forcing (Subsection 2.6) which will be needed in the remainder of the paper. • Section 3 introduces the notion of category forcings. We look at subcategories of the category of complete boolean algebras (CBAs) with complete homomorphisms. Given a category (Γ,Θ) (where Γ is the class of objects and Θ the class of arrows) we associate to it the partial order (U,≤Θ)


We study how the number of employed modes impacts the ability to witness non-Markovian evolutions via correlation backflows in continuous-variable quantum dynamics. We first prove the existence of non-Markovian Gaussian evolutions that do not show any revivals in the correlations between the mode evolving through the dynamics and a single ancillary mode. We then demonstrate how this scenario radically changes when two ancillary modes are considered. Indeed, we show that the same evolutions can show correlation backflows along a specific bipartition when three-mode states are employed, and where only one mode is subjected to the evolution. These results can be interpreted as a form of activation phenomenon in non-Markovianity detection and are proven for two types of correlations, entanglement and steering, and two classes of Gaussian evolutions, a classical noise model and the quantum Brownian motion model.


The way for enterprise groups to break the "performance black-box" is to create a performance monitoring mechanism,but "virtual subsidiary" is a similar subsidiary organization,and it doesn't normally involve the cash flow management,regarded as the cost center of enterprise groups.The focus of its performance monitoring mechanism is different from subsidiary regarded as the profit center.In this paper,we summariz the operation characters of the virtual subsidiaries,based on the budget and performance contract,established a dynamic game model in the asymmetric information,and then put forward the essentials for the mechanism design.The study finds that only when some factors including the budget slack,the penalty coefficients of subsidiary operators' shirking behavior,the efforts cost of the subsidiary operators and the investment of the monitoring system coordinate each other,will the performance monitoring system be effective.


Fresh-cut apples with or without calcium treatments were irradiated at doses up to 5 kGy at 0.4 and 2 kGy.h -1 dose rates with a Co 60 source in 0, 21, and 100% O 2 atmospheres. Firmness decreased as irradiation dose increased beyond a 0.34 kGy threshold. High dose rate initially resulted in less softening compared to low dose rate, but dose rate became insignificant upon storage. Irradiation atmosphere did not affect firmness. Softening of irradiated slices correlated positively with water-soluble pectin, and negatively with oxalate-soluble pectin content. Calcium prevented irradiation-induced softening of thin slices (3-4 mm thick), but was not effective with thicker wedges due to limited penetration.


The study of the patterns of nematode infection on rodents in Lore Lindu, Central Sulawesi was carried out. A total of 52 rodents were examined. Of these rodents 37 (71.15 per cent) were found to harbour nematode parasites and 15 (28.85 per cent) were free.There were found 10 species of nematode: Subulura andersoni, Syphacia muris, Heterakis spumosa, Cyclodontostomum purvisi,Hepatojarakus malayae, Molinacuaria indonesiensis, Protospirura muris,Rictularia tani, Trichuris muris dan Nippostrongylus muris that found in intestine, stomach, cecum and liver.The kind of infections were single (17.31 per cent) and association (53.84 per cent).The highest prevalence was 5. andersoni (44.23 per cent). Each of species nematodes had a specific habitat in their hosts. The greatest number of habitat that species of nematodes found was stomach (all of the species nematodes were found at the stomach).


This paper presents the theoretical study and experimental validation of a single-stage bidirectional ac–dc topology for solid-state transformer (SST) applications. This topology is based on the modular multilevel converter (MMC) and employs the concepts of interleaving converters and integrated power stages. A single magnetic element operating at medium frequency is employed to perform galvanic isolation and coupling between the grid-side and load-side converters. The main characteristics of the structure are derived from the aforementioned characteristics, such as passive elements operating with an effective frequency higher than the switching frequency, minimized current ripples at high frequency, as well as reduced volume and weight. Experimental results of the converter are obtained in a small-scale prototype, operating with a switching frequency of 5 kHz, nominal power of 1.5 kW, output voltage of 300 V, and the supply voltage of 165 V at a frequency of 60 Hz. High-power factor of 0.99, low-harmonic distortion of the input current with 3.6%, and efficiency in the 87% were achieved.


The traction behavior of space lubricating oil No. 4116 was measured and analyzed at various oil inlet temperatures below 0 ℃ and various rolling speeds under normal loads by a test rig simulating the operating conditions of space bearings. A traction coefficient calculation model was presented. The rheological property and rheological parameters of the lubricant at a low oil inlet temperature were analyzed based on the Tevaarwerk-Johnson model. The results showed that the lubricating oil No. 4116 was sensitive to the rolling speed and had lower sensitivity to the normal load. This lubricating oil is more suitable for applications under high speed when it is used below 0 ℃. It behaves as an elastic-plastic fluid operating below 0 ℃. Both the average limiting shear stress and the average elastic shear modulus have a negative correlation with the rolling speed and oil inlet temperature and have a positive correlation with the normal load.


A steam heating machine for preparing green tea is composed of feeder, driver, tea leaves conveyer, steam heating unit, hot-air dewatering unit and cooler. Said steam heating unit consists of steaming chamber and steam generator which comprises water tank supplementing water tank and coal-fired heater. Said steam generator can generate unsaturated steam at 110-150 deg.C.


Background: Basal transcription factors are essential for RNA polymerase II (RNAPII)‐catalysed transcription of many but not all the mRNA‐encoding genes in vivo as well as in vitro. For example, copper‐inducible transcription of the copper metallothionein gene CUP1 occurs independently of basal factor TFIIE in budding yeast. To gain insight into the mechanism by which the requirement for TFIIE is bypassed, we artificially recruited certain constituents of Mediator, a large protein complex transmitting signals from various activators to the RNAPII machinery, to the CUP1 promoter by protein fusions with Ace1, the copper‐inducible activator.


INTRODUCTION Gastrointestinal nematodes infect sheep grazing in contaminated pastures leading to reduced growth and productivity. Parasite control using anthelmintics is being questioned due to the development of nematode strains resistant to one or multiple classes of drugs (Sangster, 1999). Another aspect to consider is the increasing demand of consumers for products free of residues that might enter the food chain from the environment (Herd et al., 1993). Selecting animals naturally resistant to these parasites constitutes an alternative to complete reliance on drugs.


LWRARC calculates spent fuel decay heat generation rates for standard pressurized water reactor (PWR) and boiling water reactor (BWR) fuel assembly designs for cooling times between 1 and 110 years.


GaN/Alumina/GaN structures were fabricated to reduce dislocation density in GaN. Alumina films were deposited on GaN templates by electron cyclotron resonance plasma sputtering. GaN was regrown on the alumina films by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. It was found that GaN on alumina selectively regrown from pinholes in alumina by annealing prior to GaN regrowth. Hardly any of the dislocations in the GaN template propagated through the interlayer. Most of dislocations were terminated or bent at the interface between the alumina and regrown GaN. On the other hand, new vertical dark lines and horizontal dislocations were generated in regrown layer. The vertical lines were found to correspond to an inversion domain from convergent beam electron diffraction analysis.