Magnesium−lanthanum-mixed oxide catalysts with different Mg/La ratios are prepared by coprecipitation at a constant pH method. The prepared catalysts were characterized by various techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), temperature-programmed desorption of CO2 (CO2-TPD), and Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) surface area. These catalysts are evaluated for transesterification of both edible and nonedible oils to their corresponding fatty acid methyl esters. The catalyst with a Mg/La weight ratio of 3:1 is showing optimum performance toward transesterification of oils, and it exhibited excellent activity even at room temperature. The disclosed catalyst is also tolerable for the transesterification of oils containing both water and free fatty acids. The catalyst can be easily recovered and reused with consistent activity. The exceptional activity of the Mg/La (3:1) catalyst during transesterification is endorsed because of the presence of the highest number of strong b...


The vertical component of wind forced by topography in the Southern Hemisphere is calculated using the equation given by Saltzman and Irsch (1972). This equation contains the contribution of Ihe zonal mean. Results show that the vertical velocity forced by topography in the Southern Hemisphere is in genera! comparable to that in the Northern Hemisphere. As in the case of the Northern Hemisphere, the zonal deviations of wind contribute significantly to the vertical velocity.


In worm blooded bodies, the anatomy of a superficial organ controls the influences of the volumetric heat generation rate, the perfusion rate and the heat losses rate especially due to convection and radiation on the tissue temperature. With considering the organ's physical structure and basis on the Pennes' bioheat transfer equation, a one-dimensional bioheat transfer model of living tissues in the steady state have been set up for application in different body organ's heat transfer study, and by using either the particular solution or Bessel's equation their corresponding analytic solutions have been derived. The derived analytic solutions are useful to easily and accurately explore the correlation between thermal features and body anatomy, and can be extended to such applications as parameter measurement, temperature field reconstruction and clinical treatment. The obtained results are also validated by numerical methods.


10519 Background: IGF1R represents a novel molecular target in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). IGF1R and EGFR activation is essential to mediate tumor cell survival, proliferation and invasion. This study investigates the prognostic role of IGF1R and EGFR copy number gain (CNG) by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and protein overexpression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in surgically resected NSCLC.

METHODS
114 NSCLC patients were evaluated; median age was 66y (range 40-84), Male/Female:96/18; squamous (SCC)/adeno/BAC/other:59/34/9/12; smoker/never smoker:105/9, and stage I/II/III:71/18/25. IGF1R and EGFR FISH were tested by customized and commercial probes, respectively; positive specimens showed gene amplification or polysomy (≥4 copies in ≥10% of tumor cells). IGF1R and EGFR protein expression were evaluated using mouse antibodies (clones 24-31 and 3147, respectively); overexpression was defined by ≥10% positive cells. Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival and time to recurrence were calculated for clinical and biologic variables using Cox model for multivariate analysis.

RESULTS
46 tumors (40%) were IGF1R FISH+ and 76 (77%) were EGFR FISH+. IGF1R FISH+ was associated with EGFR FISH+ (p=0.03) and co-amplification was observed in 34 cases (30%). IGF1R and EGFR FISH+ were associated with SCC (p=0.01 and p=0.05, respectively). IGF1R and EGFR overexpression was detected in 36% and 55% of NSCLC patients and co-expression was detected in 25%. Co-amplification and co-expression of both receptors were significantly associated (p=0.045). IGF1R and EGFR co-amplification and co-expression associated with shorter disease free survival (DFS; p=0.05, p=0.05 respectively), also at multivariate analysis adjusting for stage (p=0.0002).

CONCLUSIONS
IGF1R and EGFR are frequently co-amplified in NSCLC and CNG correlates with protein overexpression. Both co-amplification and co-expression of IGF1R and EGFR predicts shorter DFS. These results provide a strong rational for targeting simultaneously EGFR and IGF1R in clinical trials for NSCLC. We thank the Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC) for supporting the study (AF Fellowship).


The recent proof of the Boij-Soederberg conjectures reveals new structure about Betti diagrams of modules, giving a complete description of the cone of Betti diagrams. We begin to expand on this new structure by investigating the semigroup of Betti diagrams. We prove that this semigroup is finitely generated, and we answer several other fundamental questions about this semigroup.


Although sonographic artifacts are common in sonography, they can create diagnostic challenges and even lead to critical diagnostic errors. The authors report a case of an echogenic artifact resembling an abdominal aortic thrombus. An awareness of the existence of this pseudothrombus and techniques to differentiate this artifact from an actual fibrinous clot may help avoid unnecessary anxiety and costly testing.


With the development of modern digital technique, computers have been widely used to monitor and control in retrofitting traditional industries. In Chinese coal industry, some aualog monitoring and control systems have been replaced by the modern computer digital systems. According to the development status of Chinese coal industry, this paper presents some technique and its applications of modern digital computer monitoring and control for safety mining production process. The technique has been used in the full digital monitoring and automation control for hoists, coal mining machines, belt transport machines, and whole coal mining production process. With the technique, it has been achieved the better economical and social benefits in safety mining production in China.


The efficiency of directed pollination with Apis mellifera was evaluated over an orange (Citrus sinensis) cultivation with the varieties of valencia and ombligona, in Sasaima, Cundinamarca. Four beehives were used which where introduced inside the cultivation, fed with a sugar/water solution in relation 2:1, one liter per week per beehive. For the evaluation 25 fruits were recollected of each variety before and after the introduction of the beehives. The obtained results show that the oranges of the ombligona variety that were exposed to pollination presented an increase of 17.74% in weight than the fruits that weren't exposed, same happened to the valencia variety, it presented an increase of 20.42% in weight than the others. As for the diameter it showed the same tendency, being the ombligona variety exposed to pollination a 6.00% bigger than the non exposed variety, for the valencia same effect happened the increase was of 7.97% bigger. The same happened with the color, being more intense for the ombligona in 26.70% and 33.94% for the valencia than the varieties that weren't exposed. The thickness of the peel presented differences being bigger in a 36.65% for the ombligona with pollination. If directed pollination is used, the tall of the fruit for the Valencia variety increases in a 27.76%. On the other hand no significant statistical differences where showed for the total soluble solids, but we se a little tendency to be bigger when bees are used in a 5.79%. To conclude, the production of ombligona orange per year increased in a 13.64% and for the valencia production in a 74.94%, that indicate that the economical benefit with working with bees as pollinator agents give an increase over $10.000.000.


The present invention is an ionic polymer that represents the skin temperature sensitivity related to the lipid nanoparticles immobilized on the surface and inside, due to hydrophobic interactions, as well as electrostatic interactions with the nurse skin when applied to the nurse skin nurse skin adsorption, and the permeability has a characteristic of excellent and well nurse releases the active ingredient in the skin as wool wool significantly promote the efficacy of the wool component.


(L (T)) to irradiation of light (L) is determined according to the invention is for controlling a photovoltaic (PV) having power network (SN), a time characteristic of the photovoltaic plant (PV), wherein an increase (A) of the time course (L (T) ) compared with a control curve (R (T)) of the optical radiation (L) is detected. is introduced as a result of the detection of the rise (A) then a preparatory measure (VS) for Vorbreiten of the electricity network (SN) of an imminent drop in performance of the photovoltaic unit (PV).


Among the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are the most hazardous class, which have been banned for agricultural and domestic uses in Europe according to the Stockholm convention, due to their environmental persistence and potential adverse effect on wildlife, animal and human health [6]. As a consequence of their bio-accumulation and long half live, their residues can further be found in food products of animal origin as meat, fish, eggs, milk, etc, especially in tissues and foods with high fat content [17]. European legislations establish maximum residue levels (MRLs) for pesticides in or on food and feed of plant and animal origin in Regulation (EC) 396/2005 [22]. All European Union member countries must collect and analyse samples for the needs of national monitoring plan according to Council Directive 96/23/EC, which set measures to monitor substances and residues in live animals and animal products [11]. Concentrations of organochlorine pesticides in animals and meat should be decreasing during the years which will proof that they are not in а use in the current agriculture. Stringent coordinated multiannual control program as a measure for minimize exposure of population to pesticide residues in food is been established with Regulation (EU) 662/2016, where mandatory monitored pesticides (including organochlorine pesticides) are presented [8]. Thus in order to meet the current legislative requirements as well to carry out the SUMMARY


This article first combs literature of entrepreneurial learning style, learning style and entrepreneurship ability; Second, according to the related research, puts forward the assumption that four types of entrepreneurial learning style affect the five kinds of entrepreneurial learning methods, five kinds of entrepreneurial learning style affect the entrepreneurial ability, and according to the hypothesis, structure model about science and technological small-micro enterprise entrepreneurship ability; Then, collect data to research 590 science and technological small-micro enterprises in our country. Finally, combined with the data, this article discussed impact of entrepreneurial learning to science and technological small-micro enterprises entrepreneurial ability based on the structural equation model,for fundamentally breakthrough entrepreneurship promotion bottleneck and achieve rapid ascension a new path for technology-based small micro enterprise build entrepreneurial ability and implementation.


In this paper based on the analysis of the theory of seismic isolation of bridges, a practical seismic isolation design of the fixed bearing of continuous girder bridges is presented, which changes the fixed bearing into the relatively fixed one. The results from the non-linear dynamic seismic response show that, after taking the proposed measures, the seismic response of the fixed pier is reduced greatly. Although the longitudinal displacements of girders and the relative displacements between girders and piers are increased to some extent, even under the extreme severe seismic excitations, the magnitude of either displacement is restrained in the allowable range.


................................................................................................................. i Co-Authorship Statement ...................................................................................... iii Dedication ............................................................................................................ iv Acknowledgment ................................................................................................... v List of Tables ........................................................................................................ xi List of Figures ...................................................................................................... xii List of Appendices .............................................................................................. xiv List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................xv Chapter 1: General introduction. ............................................................................ 1 1.1. Understanding the role of meta-analysis in maternal-fetal health research............................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Understanding the role of retrospective pregnancy exposure registries in maternal-fetal health research. ........................................................................ 3 1.3. Applying meta-analysis to address unresolved research question in teratology with H1 antihistamine as an example. ................................................ 4 1.4. Cumulative meta-analysis as a tool in detecting the emergence of evidence in teratology, treatment of preeclampsia as an example. ....................... 6 1.5. References. .................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 2: Objectives and hypotheses. ................................................................... 9 2.1. Objectives. ................................................................................................... 9 2.2. Hypotheses................................................................................................... 9 Chapter 3: The role of meta-analyses in identifying human teratogenicity. ...........11 3.


A new natural hybrid, Begonia×breviscapa C.-I Peng, Yan Liu & S. M. Ku, from northwestern Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. A somatic chromosome number of 2n=30 was determined. Based on morphological features, geographical range, pollen stainability and seed set we conclude that B. ×breviscapa is a natural hybrid between B. variifolia Y. M. Shui & W. H. Chen [sect. Coelocentrum Irmsch.] and B. leprosa Hance [sect. Leprosae (T. C. Ku) Y. M. Shui]. This is the first documentation of natural hybridization between begonias of two different sections in mainland China.


User tracking is a useful method for locating usability problems. The topic of this thesis is
the tracking of user actions in the web-based front end of ExplorViz, a visualisation tool
for software landscapes. It is written with the Google Web Toolkit and its architecture is
the client-server model. Evaluated tools such as Google Analytics and Piwik require the
usage of JavaScript and are therefore not directly compatible with GWT. Evaluated instrumentation
frameworks such as Tiny AOP and GIN lack actuality and are not compatible
with current versions of GWT.
To develop a tracking method for ExplorViz a simple but working method was used.
Tracking functions were integrated directly into the code and the GWT remote procedure
call technique was used for passing tracking records from the client to the server. The
tracking records are stored in a CSV formatted file for further processing. The evaluation
shows that the developed tracking method covers all requirements. Future work
includes the auto-generated visualisation of the tracking records and the development of
an instrumentation framework for GWT.


In the 21 st century, mobile wallet (M-wallet), as an innovative alternative payment, was transforming the way we live along with the technology advancement; however, its services were still considered in infancy stage in Malaysia. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of convenience, confidentiality and social influence on consumers' perceived usefulness on M-wallet in Klang Valley to encourage the development of M-wallet. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to 384 respondents who have M-wallet usage experience. Multiple regression analysis was applied to derive the results the result of the analysis indicated that convenience and social influence had positive influence while confidentiality had no influence towards the perceive usefulness of M-wallet in Malaysia. Meanwhile, convenience was also accessed to be the highest influence. The finding is valuable to many M-wallet stakeholders and lends ideas for future research on such topics.


58 Fi la f s h 600'441. 443 aperture is divided into Several Subapertures. Transmission 58 Field of Search ............ 600,447,449 444; 1 2s/91 6 is done Sequentially on each Subaperture while receiving on s s s the full aperture. The received data sets are then combined 56) References Cited using the appropriate delays. In this way the focusing performance of a composite focusing System using a number U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS of focal Zones equal to the Square of the number of Subap 55 5 h ertures is achieved. The gain is an increase in the frame rate


For public health and epidemiology, an understanding of physical activity and sleep duration is important. People found decreased physical activity and short sleep duration as they aged. The development of healthy behaviors in the early life will ensure a better quality of late life. Innovated health devices, such as wearable sensors may provide a solution for monitoring and developing healthy behaviors. In this study, we aimed to explore the usability of a simple, low-cost wearable health device, Mi, for physical activity and sleep duration in healthy adults. Participants were asked to wear the Mi on their non-dominant wrist for seven consecutive days. The total walking steps and sleep time were recorded. We found that the male participants walk more, in particular young adults. As for sleep duration, the female participants sleep more, especially adults. In addition, participants revealed they could tolerate wearing the Mi all day long including at night. This study demonstrated the usability of the wearable health device for continuously recording of physical activity and sleep duration. It is hoping that the wearable health devices can be used for everyone and everywhere to promote health.


The total cost of an irrigation service is analyzed by applying the service science approach to study the Aichi Irrigation Scheme. By interviewing farmers and water user association members, the cost of construction and water management of irrigation facilities from an upstream dam to the downstream intake of a paddy field are collected and analyzed. At the Aichi Irrigation Scheme, irrigation is a service because it is produced co-operatively by a governmental water resources organization, a water user association and farmers. The main type of irrigation is supplemental irrigation to irrigation ponds. By estimating the cost and benefits of an irrigation scheme at a pond, the total cost payment system has strong characteristics of a fee paid for insurance against droughts.


When conducting work in the fall of 2015 on the Black Sea northeast shelf, we recorded internal waves, the unusualness of which attracts special attention for the following reasons. For the first time in 40 years of internal waves observations in the Black Sea, such high waves with amplitudes of 14–16 m were measured. The generation of these anomalous waves was connected with a cold atmospheric front passing over the sea. It was the first experimental evidence in the sea of such mechanism for internal waves generation. The observed internal waves had a clear seen character of nonlinear soliton-like waves.

We met the train of internal solitons during a sub-satellite survey conducted in the sea from a motor yacht equipped with ADCP “Rio Grande 600 kHz” in the waters near Cape Tolsty. The train was found at a point of the sea with a depth of 33 m and then was recorded on seven multidirectional tacks oriented normal to the coast. It moved across the shelf to the coast along the bottom thermocline, while the bottom currents accompanying it had a northwestern coastal orientation. The train included four waves of a soliton-like shape with sharpened crests and flattened troughs. Their lengths were 100-110 m, heights up to 14-16 m, vertical velocities in orbital currents reached 0.15-0.20 m/s. Another property of nonlinear waves was also expressed - the amplitude ranking of waves in the train. Traced on successive tacks for 2.5 hours, internal waves had preserved the soliton-like shape and as well the strong vertical component in their orbital currents. Despite the fact that the train was moving along the bottom thermocline, the effect of internal waves was sufficient to appear on satellite radar images of the sea surface of the study area. The performed processing of satellite images confirmed the wave parameters measured by contact methods.  An interesting fact of a long accompaniment of internal solitons by a school of fish was discovered. Fishes were concentrated in areas where internal waves carried the components of fish food supply to the surface from the bottom layers. The work was partially supported by RFBR grant 19- 05-00715.


Abstract : This study examines gender differences among U.S. Navy officers in their perceptions of what constitutes sexual harassment and sexual assault. Additionally, the study explores possible reasons for these observed differences. The primary source of data is a survey administered to active-duty Navy officers at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in December 2009. Other sources include the Department of Defense survey of "Service Academy Gender Relations" (2008) and previous research on related topics. NPS survey results confirm that perceptions of sexual assault and sexual harassment differ by gender; further, these differences are amplified by other demographic factors. Male respondents tend to believe that sexual harassment and sexual assault are not a problem in the Navy, largely because they have neither experienced nor witnessed such events. Although most female respondents believe that gender relations are better now than in the past, they view sexual harassment and sexual assault as a continuing problem. A majority of men and women agree that the Navy's current approach toward preventing sexual harassment and sexual assault can be improved. A number of respondents to the NPS survey suggest ways to redesign training, including use of testimony by victims. Several recommendations for further research are offered.


Six years after the Psychiatric Reform, phasing out of Mental Hospital and implementing a community based Mental Health System, i.e. the main goals of the Reform, are not yet performed in Southern big cities of Italian peninsula. In Naples metropolitan area this new Mental Health policy faces with a dramatic lack of community services.


Background: Endometrial carcinomas (EC) are the most common gynecological malignancy in developed nations, but in developing nations, it follows cervical cancer. Estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER and PR) status is important prognostic indicators in EC. With this in background, we intended to compare the hormonal receptor status of our cases with markers of tumor aggression and compare our results with that of developed nations. Aims: The present retrospective study aims to check the association of ER and PR status of cases of EC with markers of tumor aggression-tumor grade, MIB-1 score (proliferative index), depth of myometrial invasion, and incidence of nodal metastasis and to also compare status of our cases in developing nation with the studies of similar nature in the developed countries. Materials and Methods: The cases diagnosed in this tertiary care center over the past 2 years were evaluated. ER and PR status of cases in this retrospective observational study was performed using immunohistochemistry. The hormonal status of the cases was checked for its association with markers of tumor aggression. Results: A total of 34 cases were evaluated during the period of the study. The age of the cases ranged from 35 to 85 years. Mean age being 60.36 years. Twenty-four out of 34 (70.6%) cases were ER and PR positive. Significant association of positive hormonal status was found with lower histological grade (P = 0.01) and low MIB-1 score (P = 0.0009) while no association of hormonal status was found with depth of myometrial invasion and incidence of nodal metastasis. Conclusion: We conclude that positive ER and PR status is associated with lower histological grade and low MIB-1 score; however, our study in contrast to previous studies done in developed nations did not find any association with depth of myometrial invasion and incidence of nodal metastasis likely due to late access to treatment in our country when the disease had already advanced.


Deficient homozygosity of a variant maintained in a population suggests that the variant may be embryonic lethal. We examined whole genome sequence data from 675 canids to investigate for variants with missing homozygosity and high predicted impact. Our analysis identified 45 variants, in 32 genes. However, further scrutiny of the sequence reads revealed that all but one of these variants were artifacts of the variant calling process when using CanFam3.1, a widely utilized canine reference genome. We demonstrate that the use of multiple, newer reference genomes could reduce artifacts and lead to more accurate variant identification.


Source traffic streams as well as aggregated traffic flows often exhibit long-range-dependent (LRD) properties. We model each traffic stream component through the multiplicative multifractal counting process traffic model. We prove that the superposition of a finite number of multiplicative multifractal traffic streams results in another multifractal stream. This property makes the multifractal traffic model a versatile tool in modeling traffic streams in computer communication networks. There, a node is loaded by a traffic flow resulting from the superposition of source streams and aggregated LRD (and other) streams. The structure and the burstiness of the superimposed process is studied, and useful mathematical relations are obtained.


This article invites to look at the city from the window of collective action. It is a window with multiple edges, with transparencies and opacities too, always opened to questions and propositions. How to characterize the scenery of social organizations´ interaction in the local space? Which are their main objectives? Do they participate in any political project? What kind of relationships they established between themselves and with the territory? These are some of the questions that outlined the route of this article, also they encouraged us in the initiative of building a cartography of socio-territorial and socio-political organizations in Rio Cuarto (Argentina) during the period 2014-2015.


The paper deals with the major characteristics and factors of pricing on the world stock market in the modern environment of intensifying globalization and developing information technologies. This topic has become especially relevant these days due to emergence and massive growth of intraday and high-frequency trading, rising influence of trading robots and development of trading on various timeframes, which requires decision making based on different factors. Rising competition in the stock market determines the necessity to better understand pricing mechanisms, which is impossible to achieve without a clear understanding of the existing tendencies. Contemporary scientific works and literature analysis demonstrates that different authors often describe different pricing tendencies for assets traded on the stock market, which sometimes even contradict one another. That being said, it does not mean that authors talking about opposite tendencies must always be wrong: opposite points of view are usually connected with the lack of understanding of the necessity to take timeframes into account when discussing pricing matters. A statement that is true for one timeframe might be completely wrong for another, and so, conclusions can't be made on the topic without accounting for a time period. The present article identifies and clearly defines the major characteristics of pricing for various timeframes.


Reply. Thank you for your interest in our paper and the importance of early identification of an acute liver failure (ALF) outcome in drug-induced liver injury (DILI). We thank you for your questions and the opportunity to clarify a few points. First, the issue of including the International Normalized Ratio (INR) to further improve the prognostic model is important. In the Spanish DILI registry initiated in 1994, INR values were not generally available. Instead, prothrombin time (expressed as percentage) was recorded. However, coagulation data are not always included in routine blood tests or a patient's first medical consultation. In fact, prothrombin time at onset was missing in a large proportion (approximately 35%) of the DILI cases in our cohort, including 5 of the ALF patients, precluding us from considering this parameter as a component of the algorithm for predicting ALF at onset. Hence, to include prothrombin time as a component of the algorithm for predicting ALF at onset would reduce the total number of DILI episodes substantially and could subsequently reduce the validity of the data outcome. On the other hand, in this study we aimed specifically to predict ALF in patients at DILI recognition by the use of the components of Hy's law. Nevertheless, we have done a preliminary analysis including prothrombin time (cutoff point, 50%) in our prognostic algorithm. We found that the sensitivity increased to 90% at the expense of a reduced specificity (70%). As pointed out, our prognostic algorithm needs to be further validated in a large, prospective cohort. Whether INR (rather than prothrombin) could either improve or simplify our model requires further study. Second, the King's criteria are designed to predict survival once the criteria for ALF are met. In contrast, our study was aimed at identifying the risk of ALF at onset, before the actual occurrence of ALF. Third, regarding spontaneous survival in ALF owing to idiosyncratic DILI, only 1 patient in our DILI cohort experienced this. It is in fact stated in our Results (page 111 in the article). Although this case was not included in the analysis, an inclusion would not have changed the findings regarding Hy's law or the prognostic algorithm.


[Objective]Effects of salt stress on seed germination,seedling growth and some antioxidant indices of Glycyrrhiza inflata Batal were tested.[Method]POD and CAT activity were determined with the methods of guaiacol oxidation and potassium permanganate titration.[Result]The seed germination and seedling growth were normal when concentration of NaCl was less than 200 mmol/L.When NaCl concentration was increased to 300 mmol/L,both seed germination and seedling growth were restrained markedly.The activities of POD and CAT tended to increase with the rising of NaCl concentration.[Conclusion]The maximum concentration of NaCl that Glycyrrhiza inflata Batal could endure was maybe between 200 mmol/L and 300 mmol/L.The resistance of Glycyrrhiza inflata Batal to salt stress maybe relating to the increasing of enzyme activities.


In many radiative proton capture reactions important in H-burning in novae and XRBs, the resonant parts play the major role. I will show how one can use decay spectroscopy techniques to find these resonances and study their properties. I will exemplify with techniques developed at Texas A&M University to measure and delayed proton decay, applied to sd-shell, proton-rich nuclei produced and separated with the MARS recoil spectrometer. The short-lived radioactive species are produced in-flight, separated, slowed down from about 30-40 MeV/u and implanted in the middle of very thin Si detectors. This allowed us to measure protons with energies as low as 200-400 keV from nuclei with lifetimes of 100 ms or less. At the same time we measured gamma-rays up to 8 MeV with high resolution HPGe detectors. We have studied the decay of 23 Al, 27 P and 31 Cl. The technique has shown a remarkable selectivity to beta-delayed charged-particle emission and worked even at radioactive beam rates of a few pps. The states populated are resonances for the radiative proton capture reactions 22 Na(p,) 23 Mg (crucial for the depletion of 22 Na in novae), 26m Al(p,) 27 Si and 30 P(p,) 31 S (bottleneck in novae and XRB burning), respectively. At the same time the decay properties were established for these 3 isotopes, which were cleanly separated here for the first time. Their lifetimes were measured; the IAS states and their decay were un-equivocally located. I will briefly show how a recent detector development allows better measurements in the critical region of proton energies 100400 keV.


Donor leucocyte infusions (DLI) given to established mixed chimeras (MC) can eliminate normal and malignant hematopoietic cells without causing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). DLI given immediately following lethal irradiation lead to severe GVHD. We examined the proliferation, expansion, differentiation and survival of GVH-reactive T cells following delayed DLI and compared the outcomes to those observed when identical DLI were administered early following lethal irradiation (TBI). MC recipients were prepared by TBI of BALB/c mice and reconstitution with mixed BALB/c and CD45.2 C57BL/6 (B6) T-cell depleted bone marrow (TCD BM). 10 weeks later, we transferred 1 x 10 7 CD45.1 B6 and 5 x 10 6 2C transgenic (tg) splenocytes. CD8+ T cells from 2C tg mice bear TCR specific for recipient class I MHC L d . Polyclonal DLI-derived CD4+/CD8+ T cell responses were monitored by gating on CD45.1+ events and clonal 2C CD8+ T cell responses tracked using a clonotypic marker. For comparison, identical DLI together with TCD BM was administered to freshly irradiated BALB/c or B6 CD45.2 syngeneic recipients. MC recipients of delayed DLI developed a GVH reaction, as indicated by increases in donor chimerism, but no GVHD. In contrast, allogeneic recipients receiving DLI immediately following TBI developed lethal GVHD (median survival 32d vs. >100d post-delayed DLI, p hi , CD45RB lo , CD62L lo , CD49d+, CD27+) with similar kinetics to those observed in TBI mice developing GVHD. Despite the marked differences in trafficking to the gut, 2C CD8+ T cells in both groups of allogeneic recipients expressed equivalent levels of the gut homing receptor, α4β7. However, we also observed important differences: 1) IL-2Rαexpression was absent on 2C CD8+ T cells following delayed DLI, but was expressed at high levels (>50% by day +3) in freshly irradiated DLI recipients; 2) 2C CD8+ T cells showed greater reductions in expression of IL-7Rαfollowing delayed DLI; and 3) high rates of 2C CD8+ T cell apoptosis, as indicated by annexin V staining, were observed following delayed DLI with absolute numbers up to 6-fold greater than in TBI recipients. Thus, in contrast to responses in freshly irradiated mice that develop GVHD, GVH reactions induced by delayed DLI are characterized by delayed kinetics, a distinct distribution, marked apoptosis and reduced expression of cytokine receptors important for CD8+ T-cell survival.


We consider a self-similar force-free wind flowing out of an infinitely thin disc located in the equatorial plane. On the disc plane, we assume that the magnetic stream function P scales as P α R ν , where R is the cylindrical radius. We also assume that the azimuthal velocity in the disc is constant: ν Φ = Mc, where M < 1 is a constant. For each choice of the parameters v and M, we find an infinite number of solutions that are physically well-behaved and have fluid velocity ≤ c throughout the domain of interest. Among these solutions, we show via physical arguments and time-dependent numerical simulations that the minimum-torque solution, i.e. the solution with the smallest amount of toroidal field, is the one picked by a real system. For ν ≥ 1, the Lorentz factor of the outflow increases along a field line as y ≈ M(z/R fp ) (2-ν)/2 ≈ R/R A , where R fp is the radius of the foot-point of the field line on the disc and R A = R fp /M is the cylindrical radius at which the field line crosses the Alfven surface or the light cylinder. For v < 1, the Lorentz factor follows the same scaling for z/R fp < M- 1/(1-ν) , but at larger distances it grows more slowly: y ≈(z/R fp ) ν/2 . For either regime of v, the dependence of y on M shows that the rotation of the disc plays a strong role in jet acceleration. On the other hand, the poloidal shape of a field line is given by z/R fp ≈ (R/R fp ) 2/(2-ν) and is independent of M. Thus rotation has neither a collimating nor a decollimating effect on field lines, suggesting that relativistic astrophysical jets are not collimated by the rotational winding up of the magnetic field.


ence of Catholic Bishops, The Society of Jesus in the United States has urged the Department of Homeland Security to reconsider the use of immigration enforcement raids at worksites. The Jesuits have asked that the raids be abandoned and have called for comprehensive immigration reform that respects human dignity and preserves family unity. "Our government has a responsibility to protect the basic rights, freedoms and security of everyone in America regardless of legal status – not generate fear and insecurity in them," said Fr. Thomas Smolich (CFN), president of the Jesuit Conference. NOVEMBER 2008 VOLUME 38, NUMBER 1 NATIONAL JESUIT NEWS


The bats Glyphonycteris sylvestris and Glossophaga leachii, as well as the margay (Leopardus wiedii) and spotted skunk (Spilogale gracilis) are reported for...


Along with the globalization, enterprise must collaborate with the supply chain network partners. So it is a necessary element for survial to well operate in the supply chain to quickly get in touch with the market, to decline the inventory risk and cost presses and to quick response. In order to satisfying the consumer requirement, promise to fulfill all orders on time, quickly responds the market, avoid the lack of materials or insufficient capability. Improving the bullwhip effect of the supply chain, the Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) is the best method. It can share the inventory information with vendor and purchaser to manage the customer's inventory level. The current researches of VMI in Taiwan focus on the stock computation, only few researches to care the adoption of VMI mechanism and system. When corporations adopt the VMI, there are some problems to solve, so it really needs a framework to help corporations to well implement. That's why this research wants to study the following questions. Why the Taiwanese Electronic Industry mainly need the VMI mechanism and system? What kind of factor affects them to adopt the VMI? What is the content of VMI mechanism and system? To implement the VMI mechanism and systems, what kind of problem will they meet and how to slove these problem? What kind of the benefit after the VMI adoption will they have? This study is an exploratory study, by multiple-cases with the deeply analysis to discover the relation of the phenomemon. According to the case study, the conclusions are as follows: 1. The "Product Attribute" will affect the motivation of VMI adoption. 2. The "Trading Partner Attribute" will affect the result of VMI adoption. 3. The "Position in the Supply Chain" will affect the consideration process of VMI. 4. The "Industry Characteristic" will affect the performance of VMI. 5. The trading partner is glad to accept the VMI mechanism, but don't cooperate with the VMI system. 6. There are different benefits for trading partners by VMI.


Foreword Theoretical Foundations Practical Foundations Covers Logos Inside Pages: Introduction to Inside Layout How Not to Get Started Typography Explanatory Illustrations Types of Page Themes Spine Design.


On the basis of previous work, the study of screening marker bands of maize ( Zea mays L. )isozyme was carried out. 11 multiplasmic lines were used as experimental materials. The different tissues at different development stages were taken for each material. DPAGE system and double vertical gel slabs were used. The experimental results are as follows: (1) POD: A total of 20 isozymic bands. (Fli)Mo17 and (su1)Mo17 possessed the POD1 and POD3, while POD7 was absent. (sh2)MoI7-POD15 and POD16. (bt1)Mo17-POD1, POD11. (Pop)Mo17-POD15. (wx)Mo17 did not possess the POD3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 15, 16. The other lines possessed different POD. (2) EST: A total of 18 isozymic bands. (Fli)Mo17 possessed the EST 2, 17,but EST15 was absent. (su1)Mo17-EST13. (bt1)Mo17-EST6, 12, 14. (Pop)Mo17 possessed the EST12, but EST2, 8, 11, 13, 14 were absent. For the other multiplasmic lines, some possessed this EST, some possessed other EST. (3)According to the above data, some specific isozymic bands can be used as biochemical markers to distinguish these multiplasmic lines from each other.


The earth surface is continuously observed by satellites which are continuously orbiting around earth. This results in the generation of large satellite image data sets. This data is of increasing spatial resolution and temporal density. Land cover classification is an important application of satellite imagery. The results obtained from land cover classification is used to observe land use and changes such as resource planning, to detect deforestation, desertification and water scarcity. Land cover classification also helps in identifying the changes in the land cover. Most satellites along with high-end sensors provides pixel wise data. Due to high resolution images, the number of pixels which are generated are in millions even for the study of a small area. Therefore there is a need to balance runtime and accuracy for this task. In this paper, we did a comparative study of the models comparing Multi CNN model with traditional models to classify land cover from multi-spectral temporal Landsat-8 satellite data.


Simple Summary Meningioma (MN) is the most frequent primary brain tumor with a high frequency of recurrences and a lack of objective tools for predicting their prognosis. In this study, we analyzed a careful selection of patients in which both the primary tumor and at least one recurrence were available, allowing us to extend the changes that occur during tumor progression. We developed a histological, genetic, and epigenetic analysis of the samples. Thus, we identified markers of quick recurrence, increased tumor instability by copy number alterations, and the accumulation of epigenetic changes during tumor progression. Interestingly, the genes involved seemed to be randomly distributed along the genome but eventually suggest a common impact on cell-death programs such as apoptosis and autophagy. Abstract Meningioma (MN) is an important cause of disability, and predictive tools for estimating the risk of recurrence are still scarce. The need for objective and cost-effective techniques addressed to this purpose is well known. In this study, we present methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) as a friendly method for deepening the understanding of the mechanisms underlying meningioma progression. A large follow-up allowed us to obtain 50 samples, which included the primary tumor of 20 patients in which half of them are suffering one recurrence and the other half are suffering more than one. We histologically characterized the samples and performed MS-MLPA assays validated by FISH to assess their copy number alterations (CNA) and epigenetic status. Interestingly, we determined the increase in tumor instability with higher values of CNA during the progression accompanied by an increase in epigenetic damage. We also found a loss of HIC1 and the hypermethylation of CDKN2B and PTEN as independent prognostic markers. Comparison between grade 1 and higher primary MN's self-evolution pointed to a central role of GSTP1 in the first stages of the disease. Finally, a high rate of alterations in genes that are related to apoptosis and autophagy, such as DAPK1, PARK2, BCL2, FHIT, or VHL, underlines an important influence on cell-death programs through different pathways.


As requested by the City of Charlottesville (City), Black & Veatch prepared an Opinion of Probable Construction Costs (OPCC) for three feasible upgrade alternatives for the Lower Ragged Mountain Dam (LRMD). These upgrade alternatives include an approximate 45-foot increase to the reservoir level; a 13foot increase to the reservoir level; and modifications to satisfy current Virginia dam safety regulations. This letter provides a brief description of the alternatives and assumptions supporting the OPCC.


THE design and construction of buildings to satisfy the needs of medical science, and the co-ordination of a service to create and maintain a healthy nation, are matters to which considerable study and attention has been devoted in recent years by the governments of all nations. History does not record such a campaign for physical fitness and health as that being made at the present time, and although an ever-increasing campaign to stamp out disease and to cure both by surgery and medicine has been continuing for centuries, it is only within the last two generations that careful and skilled thought has been given to the planning of buildings for tlie furtherance of this campaign. With the future pattern of our health and hospital services revealed by the National Health Service Act, 1946, the health architect can visualize a vast programme of building that will not only call for his skill in hospital planning, but for considerable research and experimental design in the planning of centres to bring both health facilities and health education within reach of the people. In this respect the health architect must play his part in making the public health-conscious, and his designs must not only be the outcome of an intimate understanding of the medical need, but also of a sociological survey of the prospective patients. The planning and construction of a hospital or health centre should be an inspiring problem for any architect, and he must, in all his planning and scheming, remember that he is dealing, not merely with the buildings, but with sick people and those ministering to them, and this should be the dominating thought in his mind throughout the whole of his work. He will be required to subordinate mere architectural ideal to utilitarianism-in the functional planning for health services the latter is of far greater mportance than the former. In giving consideration to opportunities arising from the Act, perhaps the most important to the health architect is his role in the planning for the general development of the local authority health services and the presentation of their proposals, with the subsequent detail design of the health centres. The Nlinister of Health has prepared


This study focuses on analyzing the impacts of the power structure of Korean local governments on the spending patterns of local public expenditures by using panel data of 195 local governments from 1996 through 2001. In this study, the construct 'power structure' was conceptually defined as the structure of policy role between the local government chief and the council, and then it was operationalized into dummy variable 'Domin'(chief-dominant pattern=1, chlef -nondorninant pattern=0) through the scale composed of the suggestion of ordinances and the oversights such as audit, inspection and interpellation. Some other variables(the third variables) except power structure variable that are expected to affect Korean local expenditures were included in the model as independent variables, and the expenditures related to growth policy, welfare policy, and development policy were operationalized into dependent variables on the basis of the literature review, the theories that explain the changes of local public expenditures, and the annual expenditure items. The empirical results indicated that chief-dominant-type governments had more expenses related to growth policy than chief-nondominant-type governments. The increase of growth expenditures may possible because local government chiefs very sensitive to any structural vulnerability of our local finance took interest in growth policy to revitalize local economy, to secure financial resources useful to carrying out commitment projects, and to increase in tax revenues through the aftereffects of the extension of corporate earnings.


Once the person's identity is established, the most important aspects of ubiquitous healthcare monitoring of elderly and chronic patients are location, activity, physiological and psychological parameters. Since smartphones have become the most pervasive computing platform today, it is only a logical extension to use the same in healthcare domain for bringing ubiquity. Besides smartphone, skeleton based activity detection and localization using depth sensor like Kinect make ubiquitous monitoring effective without compromising privacy to a large extent. Finally sensing mental condition is made possible by analysis of the subject's social network feed. This paper presents an end-to-end healthcare monitoring system code named UbiHeld (Ubiquitous Healthcare for Elderly) using the techniques mentioned above and an IoT (Internet of Things) based back-end platform.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review viable biometric technologies and examine their applicability in the hospitality and tourism businesses.Design/methodology/approach – First, the different types of biometrics in the market with their advantages and disadvantages are reviewed, followed by a discussion of current applications within the hospitality and tourism sector.Findings – Potential business impacts of biometrics are identified such as increased consumer convenience, operational efficiency, and security. Meanwhile, despite its great benefits, consumers' privacy concerns that are raised during biometric data collection and management processes may keep the technology from realizing its full potential.Research limitations/implications – The paper only presents a glimpse of what may be done with the technology, as the potential extent of its usage is bound only by management's imagination while the possibilities that the technology brings to industry may be numerous.Practical implications –...


Meteorological stations for solar irradiance measurements are mainly utilized for resource assessment of possible sites for future solar power plants and for thermal efficiency calculation and control of operating power plants. These stations consist of a solar tracker, two pyranometers and a pyrheliometer (MHP) for irradiance measurements. The accuracy of the MHP instrumentation is usually specified to be better than 2 % if cleaned on a daily basis. However, soiling frequently exceeds other error influences significantly, reducing irradiance values and accuracy. Due to the high sensitivity to soiling shown by pyrheliometers, especially DNI measurements are affected. Reductions of measured DNI values exceeding 25 % in only a few weeks are not unusual. In order to improve this situation, the soiling level of each individual sensor can be determined by following a special sequence of sensor cleaning and brief breaks combined with a close examination of the sensor responses. This allows for an approximate post processing correction of the irradiance data measured since the last cleaning (if recent). The corrections applied are crosschecked by means of an improved version of the TraCS asset. It can be used to control the sensor soiling correction procedure. The TraCS's improvement consists in rotating the mirror within its plane with the pyrheliometer thus scanning its surface instead of just viewing the same small spot on the mirror. Hence, a better accuracy of the mirror soiling level is achieved by deriving more reliable average values. Finally, the results of an examination of sensor soiling rates at several meteorological stations set up in the MENA region and cleaned following the described protocol is presented. This gives an idea about the range of regional differences in soiling rates to be expected in the North African region. © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and peer review by the scientific conference committee of SolarPACES 2013 under responsibility of PSE AG. * Corresponding author. Fabian Wolfertstetter, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Tel: +34950611877, Fax: +34 950 365313 E-mail address: email@example.com © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Selection and peer review by the scientific conference committee of SolarPACES 2013 under responsibility of PSE AG. Final manuscript published as received without editorial corrections. F. Wolfertstetter et al. / Energy Procedia 49 ( 2014 ) 2422 – 2432 2423


This research compares data from different case studies relating to the way in which creative spaces have been designed to date. The aim is to reveal the underlying patterns, if such exist, in the relationship between space and creativity, Only in the 1990s [1] did researchers begin to envisage a potential connection between physical space and its influence on creativity. It must be stated, though, that a hypothesized correlation between these two has not yet been systematically explored and experimentally tested. Until now, the actual design of the space of the workplace has not systematically incorporated particular relationships between its object components in terms of enhancing creativity. To bridge this gap in research, this study proposes to focus on the object components in physical environments in order to stimulate the effectiveness of creativity. This imposes the overarching research question: How must we conceptualize space in order to identify, analyse and understand a direct object-creativity context?


It has become increasingly difficult for high performance computing (HPC) users to own a HPC platform for themselves. As user needs and requirements for HPC have diversified, the HPC systems have the capacity and ability to execute diverse applications. In this paper, we present computer architecture for dynamically and promptly delivering high performance computing infrastructure as a cloud computing service in response to users' requests for the underlying computational resources of the cloud. To obtain the flexibility to accommodate a variety of HPC jobs, each of which may require a unique computing platform, the proposed system reconfigures software and hardware platforms, taking advantage of the synergy of Open Grid Scheduler/Grid Engine and OpenStack. An experimental system developed in this research shows a high degree of flexibility in hardware reconfigurability as well as high performance for a benchmark application of Spark. Also, our evaluation shows that the experimental system can execute twice as many as jobs that need a graphics processing unit (GPU), in addition to eliminating the worst case of resource congestion in the real-world operational record of our university's computer center in the previous half a year.


For the planned high-energy extension of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory in the glacial ice at the South Pole the spacing of detector modules will be increased with respect to IceCube. Because of these larger distances the quality of the geometry calibration based on pulsed light sources is expected to deteriorate. To counter this an independent acoustic geometry calibration system based on trilateration is introduced. Such an acoustic positioning system (APS) has already been developed for the Enceladus Explorer Project (EnEx), initiated by the DLR Space Administration. In order to integrate such APS-sensors into the IceCube detector the power consumption needs to be minimized. In addition, the frequency response of the front end electronics is optimized for positioning as well as the acoustic detection of neutrinos. The new design of the acoustic sensor and results of test measurements with an IceCube detector module will be presented.


Many-electron effects on dynamical correlations in dense helium are studied by means of self-consistent-field molecular dynamics, a computational method that combines a Hartree-Fock solution of the electronic structure of an arbitrary collection of atoms with molecular dynamics. Pair correlation functions, velocity autocorrelation functions, and coefficients of self-diffusion are calculated for helium at densities between 0.1 and 1.5 g/cm{sup 3} and at temperatures of 1 and 5 eV. Comparisons are made to results computed with semiempirical pair potentials derived from low- and high-density experimental data. With increasing density, the self-consistent-field molecular-dynamics results progressively diverge from the results of molecular-dynamics simulations using Hartree-Fock pair potentials, reflecting the onset of many-atom screening effects within local clusters of atoms. This dynamic screening results in a 30% increase in the diffusion coefficient over that obtained in a molecular-dynamics simulation employing pair interaction potentials.


Precisely managed irrigation scheduling provides for on-time meeting of crop water needs, for high yields and high economic effect. Most important in crop water needs estimation is the right choice of an evapotranspiration calculation method. Comparative analyses of some calculation methods which are suitable for Bulgarian climatic conditions give advantage to the temperature-based ones. Since last decades, FAO Penman-Monteith method has been globally recognized as most accurate in various climatic conditions as it is based on great number of meteorological and plant factors. In this paper, decadal values of Kc factor in the course of vegetation of 25 crops, grown in Bulgaria – cereals, forage, industrial, vegetables, and berries are presented. Their accuracy is statistically evaluated. The standard error of the mean is mainly around 10%. A narrow correlation between the crop factors of FAO method and the temperaturebase method, which is currently used in Bulgaria, has been established. Simulation of the irrigation scheduling of three crops by both methods is performed. The results show that FAO Penman-Monteith method is suitable for Bulgarian climatic conditions. The temperature-based method is simpler and easily maintained with meteorological information, hence it is recommended for practical purposes.


We consider the Ising model on the triangular lattice with anisotropic pair interactions, staggered triplet interactions, and an external magnetic field. Using the Yang-Lee zero consideration and a star-triangle transformation which eliminates the triplet interactions, we obtain regimes in the parameter space which are free of phase transitions.


In this work M. Collart has drawn together all the available material, including the results of the recent excavations by the French School, to write a history of Philippi and its neighbourhood from the earliest times down to the end of the third century A.D. With the first part of the work, which deals with the pre-colonial period, the present reviewer is not called upon to deal. It may suffice to say that a number of sites which continued to exist down to the Roman age are satisfactorily located ; in particular the identification of Neapolis with Cavalla, which has recently been questioned, is proved beyond dispute. In the last chapter of this part M. Collart restates and develops his analysis of the campaign of Philippi, previously set forth in BCH 1929, 351 and 1931, 423. The first chapter of Part II recounts the foundation of the Colonia Victrix by Antony shortly after the Battle of Philippi, and its refoundation by Augustus after Actium as the Colonia Iulia, to which was soon added the title Augusta. Among the first colonists the author recognizes a veteran of Legion xxviii. The second batch of colonists included dispossessed landowners from Italy and praetorians. M. Collart emphasises the fact that Philippi during the first two generations of its life was an outpost on the frontier, and, taking as his text two dedications to Marcus Lollius and to King Gaius Julius Rhoemetalces, recounts the Thracian wars in which the colonists must have played a part. The next three chapters deal with the population, institutions, monuments, and cults of the colony. The inscriptions relating to the tribe (Voltinia) in which the colonists were enrolled, to the various magistrates, which includes besides those usual in a Roman colony an irenarch, and to the careers pursued by Philippians in the Empire at large, are all marshalled in a workmanlike manner; it may be said that throughout the Principate Philippi retained its military tradition, and that in particular many of the colonists enlisted in the praetorian guard. The monuments are carefully described. They include a ' triumphal' arch of the Augustan period, which the author gives reason to believe marked the pomerium of the colony ; a theatre, of Macedonian origin, used in the early Principate by the troupe of Latin players which the colony apparently maintained on a permanent basis, later remodelled to accommodate venationes and gladiatorial shows ; a magnificent forum, incorporating two temples, a library, colonnades of shops and a tribunal, laid out in the Antonine period and covering buildings of the Augustan age ; public baths, and a gymnasium of which the most interesting feature is a very sumptuous public convenience. The extent of the territory is mapped out by means of the inscriptions recording the colony or its citizens found in neighbouring villages. On two points M. Collart is rather perverse. On the strength of a remark


The current paper aims at developing and validating a Teacher Leadership Inventory (TLI). Adopting the theoretical-empirical strategy of instrument development, the procedure consisted of taking a sample of panel experts and undertaking six sequential empirical studies with sufficient samples of teacher leaders from China. After verifying content validity, structural validity, criterion validity, and cross-validity, a 25-item multi-dimensional model on teacher leadership behaviours with five factors was identified. The resulting TLI could provide a validated instrument for future research investigating the nature of teacher leadership behaviours as an independent construct and their relations with other relevant constructs. It is expected that the TLI could serve as a more robust means for promoting the research and practice of teacher leadership.


The first phase of a sustained research effort was conducted to study the passive arching phenomenon on buried structures due to modulus mismatch between structure and surrounding medium. Tests were performed on buried small-scale structural models which were specially designed to measure passive arching stresses independent of side-wall friction. All tests were static, using 20-30 dry Ottawa sand of three different densities. The applied overpressure and the length of embedment of the buried structures were varied to study the influence of these parameters on soil-structure interaction. /Author/


How Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center built a culture focused on broad-based change that is transformational for children and their families.


This study is based on an institutional analysis of twenty-six grass-roots level organizations which is examined by organizational surveys and three focus group discussions. Findings show that community-based organizations are key actors of community governance in Nepal and their functions are supportive in reinforcing the peacebuilding process in many ways. First, it plays a significant role in addressing inequality and isolation. Second, its continual practice fosters awareness creation, promote democratic exercise, imparts "voice to the voiceless" and gives clout to the powerless. Third, it inspires the partners to create an enabling environment for mobilizing local resources. Finally, it strengthens the structure of accountability and contributes to peacebuilding. However, results indicate that the overall practice of governance at the community level was moderate to efficient. Following the discussion of results, this study proposes some recommendations regarding the operation of a sound peace process at grass-roots level through community governance.


Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) and Navigant Consulting recently released a white paper 1 documenting the interim results of an economic assessment for smart grid technologies in the Pacific Northwest. The study, called the Regional Business Case (RBC), is the first bottom-up assessment to account for the interactions of various technologies and quantify the uncertainties and risks of regional smart grid investments. BPA initiated the RBC study to understand how smart grid technologies might help mitigate the costs associated with greater demand on the grid infrastructure, such as integrating intermittent renewable generation and accommodating regional growth.


In similarity retrievals of trademark images, evaluation of similarity for essential objects which show products or services is required. In order to examine similarity of local objects in images, it is necessary to extract the objects; however, it is difficult to extract essential objects correctly from raster-based images. On the other hand, since vector graphics independently describe information to every object in an image, vector-based images could be effective to evaluate the similarity. To enhance performance of content-based image retrievals, this paper proposes a similarity retrieval method for trademarks using vector images. In the proposed method, an angle histogram which represents characteristics of an object is produced to every object in a vector image. And then, using features obtained from the histogram, similarity of objects between images is measured. Experimental results have shown that the proposed method could well evaluate similarity of each essential object in trademarks using vector-based images.


The investigations of the effect of cationic impurities of different valency on mechanical properties (yield point, microhardness, length of the dislocation rosette arms) of CsI crystals reveal that there are hardening (Mn, Cr, Ba etc.) and softening (Fe, Cd) impurities. The hardening action of impurities is associated with their presence in the form of precipitates, while softening effect is a consequence of the locking up of dopants with other impurities present in the melt with scavenging of some regions of a crystal from smaller centers. Coagulation of impurities into larger precipitates is favoured by prolonged annealing in vacuum. This drastically reduces the yield point of CsI crystals. Annealing in air prohibits the coagulation of impurity centers and introduces additional anionic impurities. Under the combined action of cationic and anionic impurities the yield stress of CsI crystals can be increased almost 180 times.

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Different methodologies to evaluate animal welfare in cattle farms were proposed in last years. An Italian research team has recently developed a new methodology to assess animal welfare in dairy and beef cattle farms.


In the paper Paradigmatic word-formation, metonymy and compound verbs in English and Bulgarian Alexandra Bagasheva argues that compound verbs constitute a genuine word-formation category and that it is possible to achieve uniformity in their analysis despite the notorious heterogeneity of their formation. It is suggested that by adopting paradigmatic word-formation analysis and accepting metonymy as the basic meaning computation mechanism behind compound verbs, analytical parsimony and uniformity can be attained. Embracing a product view morphotactically, but a process view morphosemantically, the paper offers uniform analysis of compound verbs in English and Bulgarian.


The Qur'an, as the primary and main source of Islamic rules, provides a rich variety of human rights includingwomen's rights. These rules are not static; they are dynamic and flexible in character. The flexibility of the rulesin Islam is intentional, as Islam was revealed for all people and for all millennia. It is an essential aspect ofQur'anic philosophy. Consequently, its jurisprudence must be capable of responding to widely diverse needs andproblems. To understand the Islamic stance on sexual and reproductive health rights, it is necessary to search theverses of the Qur'an more carefully. This study has provided an understanding of women's sexual andreproductive rights in Qur'an from a human rights perspective.This study was conducted using quantitative content analysis of all verses of the Qur'an. After creating a codingscheme of Qur'an's verses, four categories related to the main areas of women's sexual and reproductive rightsincluding sexual relationships, reproductive choice, prohibition of violence against women, and gender equitywere determined and their presence and frequency were identified. The MAXqda software, version 2007, wasused for organizing and managing the data. Descriptive analysis was used to summarize and describe data.More than 30 surahs and 93 verses of the Qur'an had various concepts in relation to sexual and reproductiverights. In general, concepts related to the women's sexual and reproductive rights have been appeared 98 times inthe Qur'an. The most frequently reported categories were related to sexual relationships (31 times) andreproductive choice (27 times) and the least reported one was prohibition of violence against women (16 times).This study showed that the concepts related to sexual and reproductive rights have extensively appeared in theQur'an. Based on Qur'anic perspective, women in addition to autonomy have reproductive and sexual rights inorder to actualize of their human capacity.


In Mastering Market Analytics, Robert Kozielski presents different measurement systems and marketing activities, along with common mistakes made by organizations and managers in the process of building measurement, and illustrates how to avoid these mistakes.


She was brought to me in September 1934. There-was a marked right wryneck, but without pain, and some improvement in the position had taken place. A prominence could be felt in the pharyngeal wall. A skiagram (fig. 1, p. 19) clearly showed a dislocation of the right articular process of the atlas on the axis, and she was admitted to St. Mary's Hospital for attempts to be made at reduction. On October 16, under anesthesia, forcible attempts were made to reduce the dislocation. Some adhesions were felt and heard to give, and the position of the head improved. She was put back to bed and suspended by a stirrup under her


"The gift I would give is a World Series Championship to all the Chicago Cubs fans so they can feel what the White Sox fans felt this year."1 So wrote Rose McFadden in the Chicago Tribune in 2005. It seems like a dim and distant dream, the almost forgotten time when the White Stockings won their first championship. It was back before the "Fair," and not so long after the "Fire." Chicago bragged a good deal, possibly partly because Chicagoans, then, had not so much to brag about as they do now. Apart from grain handling and the output of hog products, turn-of-the-century Chicago was short of municipal distinctions. Now, of course, the city abounds in worldwide fame and attractions.2 For citizens of the great city of Chicago, baseball occupies a special place. One of the defining aspects of Chicagoans is whether or not one is a North Sider (rooting for the National League Chicago Cubs), or a South Sider (cheering on the the American League Chicago White Sox). While many cities would love to have just one baseball team, Chicago has two, and the loyalties are long-standing and often tumultuous. In the fall of 2005, the White Sox were able to win their first World Series since 1917. Many true Sox fans felt that this win was the erasure of the infamy that accompanied the 1919 "Black Sox" scandal. For the followers of the Cubs, the win by the Sox was the ultimate rebuke: a slap across the face of the "lovable losers," playing at the oldest park in the United States (Wrigley Field was the first corporate field, established in 1914.) There is something unique about the baseball rivalry that resides in Chicago. Chicagoans are often very dedicated to "their" teams. For a new person to the Chicago area, this may seem extreme. Given the name-calling that takes place between fans of the two teams, especially during the twice a season cross-town contests, it should be interesting to see what occurred when the Cubs and the White Sox met for the World Championship of baseball in the first inter-city series, in the fall of 1906. This article examines the rivalry during the 1906 World Series and looks at how it and the 2005 World Championship of the White Sox affected the entire city. Origins of the Rivalry The rivalry that divides Chicago is a long and storied one. The saga began with the formation of the Chicago White Stockings in 1876. The White Stockings were one of the original teams formed at the start of the Professional Baseball League and, under the coaching of Adrian "Cap" Anson, they quickly became a dominant force in the league. This, indeed, gave Chicagoans hope in the years following the Great Chicago fire of 1871. The dominance of the Chicago White Stockings of the National League was taken for granted through the rest of the late 1800s. However, by 1900, the winds of change were coming to the "Windy City." The bad blood between the fans of the Cubs and the White Sox began in 1901. After several years as a player and manager, · Charles Comiskey raised enough capital to form a rival version of Chicago White Stockings (later Sox) of the American League from a team in St. Paul, Minnesota. To ensure that his team would do well, he enticed away six players with promises of more money from the original Chicago White Stockings. With the decimation of the National League team, its name was changed to the "Cubs," arguably the manager of the National League team had to hire young, untested "cubs" from the minor leagues to replace the veterans who had gone to Comiskey's team.3 "Cubs" was the last moniker used for the gentlemen of the North Side, and the name was officially adopted in 1907. Several other nicknames included the "Nationals," the "Colts," the "Orphans," the "Microbes," the "Zephyrs," and, finally, the "Spuds"; the Chicago newspapers referred to the team by various nicknames during reports of the 1906 World Series. The "Spuds" referred to the Club President Charles Murphy and the sizable Irish representation on the North Side team. …


Corrosion inhibition of aluminum in 1M NaOH solution by Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum leaves extract was investigated using the weight loss technique. A plant extract solution of 14 g/L at 50 o C was found to inhibit the corrosion of aluminum with an inhibition efficiency of 95.1%. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with increasing the concentration of the plant extract at 50 o C. Different adsorption isotherms, Langmuir and Temkin, were tested to investigate the nature of adsorption.


Due to the advantage of tunability via size, shape, doping and relatively low level of loss and high extent of spatial confinement, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are emerging as an effective way to control light by molecular engineering. The collective excitation in GQDs shows both high energy plasmon frequency along with frequencies in the terahertz (THz) region making these systems powerful materials for photonic technologies. Here, we report a systematic study of the linear and nonlinear optical properties of large varieties of GQDs (400 systems) in size and topology utilizing the strengths of both semiempirical and first-principles methods. Our detailed study shows how the spectral shift and trends in the optical nonlinearity of GQDs depends on their structure, size and shape. Among the circular, triangular, stripe, and random shaped GQDs, we find that GQDs with inequivalent sublattice atoms always possess lower HOMO-LUMO gap, broadband absorption and high nonlinear optical coefficients. Also, we find that for majority of the GQDs with interesting linear and nonlinear optical properties have zigzag edges, although reverse is not always true. We strongly believe that our findings can act as guidelines to design GQDs in optical parametric oscillators, higher harmonic generators and optical modulators.


AbstractIn the following article is discussed the archaeological need of the field architect, the work and responsibilities that he undertakes on an excavation, the training that he ideally should have to become an archaeological architect, and the contributions that he can make to the knowledge of ancient architecture.As well as the advisory help that he can give, the prime role of an architect, from the point of view of the director of an excavation, is that of making accurate surveys and clear and comprehensible drawings. The more conscientious he is and the more experience he has had, the more valuable the architect will be on a dig. This article sets forth various procedures for surveying and measuring and also gives a brief account of the instruments and tools needed for performing these operations. Mention is also made of the different types of drawings that are usually required, starting with the actual state plan and cross-sections and terminating with the completely restored plans, elevations, a...


Rural women in Assam play a very significant role in agriculture and other allied activities. Among the rural district of Assam, Dhemaji is one of them. The rural women, besides looking after the family and performing all sorts of household activities, they actively participate in all range of agricultural activities and also perform other allied activities like animal husbandry, livestock rearing, fishing, and handloom activities to support their family and improve their economic condition. The present study had been designed to analyze the extent of their participation in such activities through primary data collected from random purposive sampling with the help of structure interview scheduled method and to some extent secondary data.


Drawing on the theoretical premises of Anthropocene feminism, new materialist feminism and empathy studies, this paper represents an attempt to explore the mutually constitutive relations conjured in Bernardine Evaristo's fiction between subjects and the object worlds they inhabit. Focusing on Lara (1997) and Girl, Woman, Other (2019) as examples of "fusion fiction," the paper explores the ways in which a composite sense of agency is articulated between the human and the nonhuman, shaping what feminist thinkers from Rosi Braidotti to Jane Bennett envision as our posthuman horizons.


Equations of motion of a gear train system which is composed of a flexible shaft, a pair of gears, and a link are derived in consideration of the torsion of the shaft, gear tooth stiffness, backlash, and characteristics of driving source. Using the bang-bang method to attenuate residual vibration of the system, the dynamic characteristics of the system are analyzed theoretically and investigated experimentally.


The evolution in electronic product design is deriving in the use heterogeneous sub-systems, in order to provide functionalities such as increased communication, power handling or signal processing capabilities. As a consequence, multilayer circuit designs tend to increase radiated emissions, making it difficult to comply with standards. In this work, radiated emission sources within complex layout will be identified, establishing simplified models, in order to assess in product design and hence, in standard compliance in order to optimize overall design process.


Gas suspension calciner is a kind of ideal fluidization process equipment for energy economy. In order to improve the effective of gas suspension calciner, a series of effecting factors such as producer gas component, air-fuel ratio, products moisture and heat dissipation on calciner energy consumption were discussed in this paper, which is based on the research of thermal balance calculation of gas suspension calciner. The study of thermal balance calculation has significant meaning on the energy-saving and the whole refinery energy consumption.


The objective of this paper is to present from the evaluation of a neural control scheme implemented within the NASA IFCS F-15 project. In particular, the neural network controller is based on an adaptive predictor-connector control strategy. The study is conducted within the WVU IFCS F-15 simulation environment, which enables to evaluate a wide range of failure scenarios. Analysis of the controller performance is performed in situations where the state variables vary within a wide portion of the flight envelope and in different failure conditions. Post failure performance evaluation concerns maneuvers accomplished both with the pilot-in-the-loop and with pre-recorded reference signals. Failure test-cases are grouped in three categories: actuator lockage at an imposed deflection, actuator lockage at the current deflection, missing of a control surface portion. Results demonstrate the capability of the neural controller in dealing with slight and hazardous damages.


The lineage of the toponym Garðar has to be sought in mythological representations of Germanic and Scandinavian nations. Gard means structurized, reformed, humanized world and also the world fence that keeps it from the monsters. As far as the limits of recognized human world, Mirgard, had broadened, mystical Jotunheimr moved further to the East, and ancient meaning of Garðar transformed gradually into name of the real country on a border of the known world.


Teaching management is faced with many new challenges in its effort to strengthen the management.This paper focuses on analyzing difficulties confronting the management,and provides some suggestions on how to improve the quality.Three areas are examined in this paper: internal relationship,importance of strengthening teaching management,and improving its effectiveness.


The ubiquitous headphone, earphone, or earbud may be considered a symbol of human detachment from the world and others as a result of media technologies. Headphones can be plausibly perceived as pr...


Data on prognostic biomarkers in soft tissue sarcomas are scarce. The aim of the study was to define prognostic markers in patients with a liposarcoma, a subtype of sarcoma derived from adipose tissue. We restrospectively reviewed 85 patients with liposarcoma treated at our department from May 1994 to October 2011. Kaplan–Meier curves, uni‐, and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models and competing risk analysis were performed to evaluate the association between putative biomarkers with disease‐specific and overall survival. We observed a significant association between both alkalic phosphatase (ALP; subhazard ratio [SHR] per 1 unit increase: 1.35; 95%CI 1.10–1.65; p = 0.005) and C‐reactive protein (CRP; SHR per 1 mg/dl increase: 2,57; 95%CI 1.36–4,86; p = 0.004) with disease‐specific survival. Hemoglobin (Hb) (HR per 1 g/dl increase: 065; 95%CI 0.48–0.87; p = 0.003) was associated with overall survival. These associations prevailed after multivariable adjustment for AJCC tumor stage. This study identifies CRP and ALP as novel independent predictors of disease‐specific survival in patients with liposarcoma. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:765–770, 2015.


AIMS
Diagnosis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) may be challenging, as it comprises diverse phenotypes (right-dominant, biventricular, left-dominant) and each may overlap with other clinical entities. The issue of differential diagnosis with conditions mimicking ACM has been previously highlighted, however, a systematic analysis of ACM diagnostic delay, and of its clinical implications, is lacking.

METHODS
Data of all ACM patients from 3 Italian Cardiomyopathy Referral Centres were reviewed to assess time from first medical contact to definitive ACM diagnosis; a significant diagnostic delay was defined as a time to ACM diagnosis ≥2 years. Baseline characteristics and clinical course of patients with and without diagnostic delay were compared.

RESULTS
Of 174 ACM patients, 31% experienced diagnostic delay, with a median time to diagnosis of 8 years (20% in right-dominant ACM, 33% in left-dominant and 39% in biventricular). Patients with diagnostic delay, as compared to those without, more frequently exhibited an ACM phenotype with left ventricular (LV) involvement (74% vs. 57%, p=0.04) and a specific genetic background (none had plakophilin-2 variants). The most common initial (mis)diagnoses were dilated cardiomyopathy (51%), myocarditis (21%) and idiopathic ventricular arrhythmia (9%). At follow-up, all-cause mortality was greater in those with diagnostic delay (p=0.03).

CONCLUSIONS
Diagnostic delay is common in patients with ACM, particularly in the presence of LV involvement, and is associated with greater mortality at follow-up. Clinical suspicion and increasing use of tissue characterization by cardiac magnetic resonance in specific clinical settings are of key importance to timely identify ACM.


This paper will present a methodology for evaluating effective relative permittivity using a Time Domain Relectometer (TDR). Though the concept of using a TDR to measure permittivity is not new, it has not become widely known and accepted. It will be shown that reasonable results can be obtained with this method and that the values obtained for relative permittivity can be used with excellent results when used in the proper closed form equations or modeling method. This method is particularly useful when processes, as in present day laminated circuit boards, have had an impact on the effective permittivity. In these cases using published values or using conventional methods for determining permittivity can lead to errors in computations for characteristic impedance.


The manipulator has been widely applied in various ways,especially in the abominable conditions which endanger the health of the workers.It greatly improves productive effciency and frees labour force.In recent years,PLC has always been in a primary status in industrial automation control.It has offered very credible control projects to various devices.The application of all-Chinese MCGS makes interface of PLC controlling manipulators more user-friendly and operation easier to handle.The paper summarizes the design and application of manipulators.


............................................................................................................................ 34 Chapter III – On-demand manufacturing of immediate release levetiracetam tablets using pressure-assisted microsyringe printing ................................................................ 35 Pretext ................................................................................................................................ 35 Evaluation of authorship .................................................................................................. 35 Abstract ............................................................................................................................. 36............................................................................................................................ 36 Chapter IV – 3D-Printing with precise layer-wise dose adjustments for paediatric use via pressure-assisted microsyringe printing ..................................................................... 37 Pretext ................................................................................................................................ 37 Evaluation of authorship .................................................................................................. 37 Abstract ............................................................................................................................. 38............................................................................................................................ 38 Chapter V – Investigation of semi-solid formulations for 3D printing of drugs after prolonged storage to mimic real-life applications ............................................................ 39 Pretext ................................................................................................................................ 39 Evaluation of authorship .................................................................................................. 39 Abstract ............................................................................................................................. 40............................................................................................................................ 40 Chapter VI – Conclusion and future perspective .............................................................. 41 Summary ............................................................................................................................... 45 Original publications ............................................................................................................ 47


Existing Traffic Management system works quite satisfactorily with moderate density of traffic but gets chaotic as the vehicle crowd increases. The system would be provided with image inputs of different traffic scenes. Based on the parameters predefined, it will segregate the scenes thus provides traffic as low, moderate or heavy traffic considering traffic density as the major parameter.The data understanding phase consists of various road traffic-scenes with High, Moderate and Low Traffic density which will thus enable us to create a training dataset. This dataset would help us train our TDIM (Traffic Density Identification Module) further and thus make it capable of identifying and segregating the Traffic scene accordingly.


Currently, agriculture is the focus of several studies on the use of urban and periurban spaces in Brazil, as well as the perception of the subjects that participate in this activity in these spaces. Thus, this paper aimed to analyze urban agriculture in Brazil, from 2008 to 2017, based on the scientific production generated on the theme. We searched the databases provided by the Portal Periodicos CAPES. It was observed that in the last decade of the 21st century, there are still few articles about urban agriculture, although the theme has potential and social, environmental and economic relevance. State support for agricultural production in urban areas may favor the adoption of urban agriculture practices and the promotion of studies on urban agriculture.


Objective
To analyze the difference of soft and hard tissues between beautiful face and ordinary face in young Han women for providing data basis for modification of lower facial contour.

Methods
38 cases of young Han women were selected with craniofacial spiral CT scanning, three-dimensional reconstruction and histomorphometry of the mandibular angle region (12 cases of beautiful face and 26 cases of ordinary face).

Results
The difference of bony bigonial breadth, lower face width, angle of mandibular angle, mandibular branch width and height, the distance between the mandibular angle point and pogonion in mandibular angle region had statistical significance (P 0.05); the difference of masseter muscle length, width and thickness had statistical significance (P<0.05).

Conclusions
In clinical lower facial contour modification practice, we can refer to the data of soft and hard tissue of mandibular angle region of beautiful face, combining with the specific circumstances of the pursuit of beautiful people and select the appropriate surgical approach for lower facial contour modification.

Key words:
Face type; Mandibular angle; Histomorphometry; Lower facial contour; Modification


This article is devoted to the development of new polymer additives for the process of copper electroplating from sulfate solutions with a purpose of copper coating obtaining. Copper coating, obtained from electrolytes in the presence of DEA-PAN additives and thiourea are of high-quality: they are thick, fine-grained, and in some cases, shiny. Increase of temperature can significantly speed up the process without compromising the high quality of the coatings obtained from electrolyte DEA-PAN or with a combined additive thiourea and DEA-PAN. Current output is close to 90 %. Electrolyte composition and the mode of copper plating electrolyte is given. Flow diagram of metal-crystalline and thick copper coatings on the articles of ST (Steel) - 3, and also from the copper electrolyte proposed by us includes the following process operations: mechanical surface cleaning and preparation details, electrochemical degreasing, etching, pickling, copper plating.


Combining switching state optimization (SSO) and network expansion planning (NEP) in AC systems results in a mixed-integer non-linear optimization problem. Two methodically different solution approaches are mathematical programming and heuristic methods. In this paper, we develop a hybrid optimization method combining both methods to solve the combined optimization of SSO and NEP. The presented hybrid method applies a DC programming model as an initialization strategy to reduce the search space of the heuristic. A greedy heuristic ensures that the obtained solutions are AC feasible. We compare the hybrid method with other heuristic methods and three mathematical programming models on the same set of planning problems. We show optimization results for four realistic sized power system study cases. Evaluation criteria are convergence, solution cost, and run time. Results show that the hybrid method is able to find a higher number of valid AC-solutions in comparisons to the mathematical programming methods. Furthermore, the obtained solutions have lower expansions costs and are obtained in a shorter run-time compared to the remaining methods for the analyzed study cases. As an addition to this paper, the hybrid implementation and the defined benchmark cases are available as open-source software.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medicine, exercise therapy. Method includes load on back and shoulder girdle muscles by doing complex of special physical exercises, which consists of three stages and massage procedures. Intermuscular coordination is corrected and strength endurance is trained. First stage includes 4 exercises for stretching pectoral muscles, formation of biomechanical correct movement with conscious control of work of muscles in combination with massage techniques for correction of thoracic kyphosis and lumbosacral lordosis. Second stage includes 5 exercises for development of strength endurance of muscles, which support natural spinal curvatures, fixation of intermuscular coordination, development of will abilities for control of natural body position in space, in combination with massage impact in trained muscles for relief of excessive tension of overstrained muscles and stimulation of abdominal muscles. Third stage consists of 6 exercises for supporting static balance between flexors and extensors of trunk, training strength endurance and active control over position of body and its separate parts in space, in combination with massage for activation of lymph- and blood blow in working muscles, relief of excessive tension, relaxation of muscles, stimulation of muscles supporting body position in space. EFFECT: method ensures safe increase of child's functional possibilities and training strength endurance of body-supporting muscles in patients of said group. 2 ex


Security is a critical success criterion for implementation and operation of Smart Grids at any scale. In this paper I describe the status and specifics of Smart Grids where data communication and automation networks are integrated with the power grid. Increased connectivity in order to achieve higher flexibility, visibility and better control presents many benefits. On the other hand, increased connectivity comes with a couple of challenges, especially in security. Based on this situation, I introduce a concept of using the Internet Protocol (IP) as a foundation for end-to-end security as well as for the development of a framework for comprehensive security architecture in order to safeguard this critical infrastructure.


The method of stress characteristics has been used for computing the ultimate bearing capacity of strip and circular footings placed on rock mass. The modified Hoek‐and‐Brown failure criterion has been used. Both smooth and rough footing‐rock interfaces have been modeled. The bearing capacity has been expressed in terms of nondimensional factors Nσ0 and Nσ, corresponding to rock mass with (1) γ = 0 and (2) γ ≠ 0, respectively. The numerical results have been presented as a function of different input parameters needed to define the Hoek‐and‐Brown criterion. Slip line patterns and the pressure distribution along the footing base have also been examined. The results are found to compare generally well with the reported solutions.


Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) are a new generation of computer systems for support and improvement of learning and teaching. The usual definition of an ITS characterizes it as a system based on some kind of knowledge which includes domain, teachers' and students' knowledge. In the paper we elaborate on the representation of knowledge in an intelligent authoring shell – which is an ITS generator system – Tutor-Expert System. Within TEx-Sys knowledge is represented through semantic networks with frames and production rules. Nodes are used for representation of domain knowledge objects, while links show relations among them. Besides, TEx-Sys supports properties and frames, as well as property inheritance and frames containing a conclusion-making mechanism.