To the Editor While we applaud the conclusion of Durieux's editorial1 suggesting that the best anesthesia practice in patients with cancer includes regional anesthesia, opioid reduction, and strategies supporting a decreased inflammatory response, we wish to express concern that data describing vital markers of cancer progression in the multitude of retrospective studies examining variations in anesthesia practice on cancer outcomes have been omitted. The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) group tumor-specific clinical outcome (survival) categories to provide prognostic categories that incorporate pathological variables beyond tumor-node-metastasis classification.2 For example, within the four broad disease stages of gastric cancer, a patient with "T1" disease but cancer infiltration of seven regional lymph nodes (Stage II, 4-year survival 50%) has a substantially more favorable prognosis than someone with invasive "T4b" disease without any nodal involvement (Stage III, 4-year survival 17%).3 The conclusions of studies examining associations between proposed interventions (such as a perioperative epidural) and clinical outcomes are hence significantly limited if AJCC staging is not used to determine specific tumor stage influence. The study by Myles et al.4 referenced by Dr. Durieux is an example of a study that examined for an association of effect of epidural and omitted AJCC stage classification. Six cancer groups were included in this study with consequent vast variation in recurrence patterns. Furthermore, the pathological variable of lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) is not controlled for in many retrospective analyses. LVSI is a binary classification on the appearance (or not) of tumor invasion into adjacent lymphovascular structures—a prerequisite for metastatic spread. Considered a strong marker of "tumor aggression," it predicts cancer recurrence following resection of gastric,5 prostate,6 esophageal,7 colon,8 ovarian,9 breast,10 endometrial,11 and cervical12 cancers. Scant data on LVSI status are presented in any of the studies referenced by Dr. Durieux; we feel that any analysis not including such indices overlooks important predictors of cancer recurrence and survival. In a recent study of perioperative epidural analgesia and cancer recurrence following gastroesophagectomy, we reported, on univariate analysis, the very strong association of LVSI with recurrence (hazard ratio 10.36, 3.70–29.02, P < 0.0001) compared with the influence of an epidural (hazard ratio 0.59, 0.32–1.09, P < 0.10).13 Only after controlling for LVSI using multivariate analysis was the association of benefit for an epidural on cancer outcomes revealed (hazard ratio 0.33, 0.17–0.63, P < 0.0001). Subgroups of patients with more aggressive disease (LVSI positive) may derive particular cancer benefit from epidural analgesia. While we await prospective studies of anesthetic technique on cancer recurrence, we would urge that future minor, appropriate acknowledgment may consist of cited references to the sections containing the work. We question the value of footnotes (used in the case of both our anonymous authors' plagiarized chapters) that do not define what "a portion" means. Lam1 also is quite correct that "new authors copying from existing chapters without prior permission or shared authorship is never acceptable," and as echoed by Moon and Camporesi,2 "portions of a previous chapter that are directly copied should be cited and referenced in the bibliography" and, we would add, surrounded with quotation marks. As stated in our Open Mind article,4 Harvard Medical School's Guidelines for Editors and Authors of Medical Textbooks provide an example of how such issues may be resolved before publication. Wiwanitkit3 suggests several factors including inexperience, lack of concern, and differences in local culture as reasons that some so-called developing countries adhere to a different ethic when it comes to punishing or chastising those accused of plagiarism and/or other forms of scientific misconduct.5,6 Whether true or not, we adamantly believe that in the case of plagiarism, irrespective of economics, culture, or interest, only 1 standard must apply if science and truth and respect for academic institutions are to prevail. Wiwanitkit3 also commented that our article's anonymous authorship was motivated by our concern for retaliation against the "whistleblowers." While a reasonable assumption, identifying our 2 authors would have in turn identified the plagiarizers, as well as the book editors. This might have resulted in adverse academic decisions and distracted readers from our principal intent—to educate and prevent recurrences rather than retaliate. Finally, we have gratifying evidence of progress, as editors of 2 of the leading multiauthored anesthesia textbooks have informed us that as a result of our article, the next editions of each textbook will adopt our recommendations including scanning of each chapter for plagiarism and providing proper attribution to previous chapter authors if significant portions of the earlier chapters are included in the later versions.


Automatic speech recognition (ASR) is a relevant area in multiple settings because it provides a natural communication mechanism between applications and users. ASRs often fail in environments that use language specific to determined domains. Some strategies have been explored to reduce errors in closed ASRs through post-processing, in particular automatic spell checking and deep learning approaches. In this article, we explore the use of a deep neural network to refine the results of a phonetic correction algorithm, applied to a teleshopping audio database. The results exhibit a reduction in the word error rate (WER), both in the original transcription and in the phonetic correction, that shows the feasibility of deep learning models to work together with


Comparison of experimental production cross sections of nuclides with Z=82−92, produced in xn, pxn and αxn channels of heavy ion induced reactions, to the values, calculated using a statistical model of nuclear deexcitation, has been carried out. Three different methods of introducing shell structure effects into fission width calculations have been used to reproduce large set of experimental cross sections. Physical relevance of different methods is discussed.


The dissertation explores the general description and legal analysis of responsibility for resisting a government official or a person performing a civic duty. It includes the concept of resistance to a civil servant or a person performing a civil duty, the social necessity of responsibility for this offense and crime, administrative and criminal elements, aggravating circumstances for violating the rules, analysis of foreign legislation and proposals and scientific research. analysis, recommendations are described


H or D atom velocities are reported for dissociation from several vibrational levels in the lowest 2500 cm−1 of the A 2A″ state of two vinyl radical isotopomers, C2H3 and CD2CH. Energies are inferred for the acetylene product and compared with both theoretical and experimental work. An upper bound is given for the rate of H-atom scrambling between the α and β carbon atoms.


Charity Vogel The Angola Horror CornellUniversity Press, 2013Reviewed by: Randy KazmierskiThe Angola Horror is a factual and historical publication based upon a railroad tragedy that occurred on December 18, 1867. Charity Vogel presents this interesting story from the beginning of the Buffalo and Erie's route entitled "The New York Express" through the derailment that occurred along its path in Angola, New York and the effects of the aftermath. The research that the author developed for the publication revealed the shocking details of the crash and its consequences for the victims, rescuers, witnesses and the entire country. The book was written in a format that allowed readers to place themselves onboard the 1867 train and experience a closeness and relationship with the eighty-seven characters presented. However, the book is more than a historical account of a train derailment, its effects on a village and the country, and revisions to daily practices. The book has other implications of how a tragedy can have a significant transformation on the social impact of citizens and how advances in technology can outdate required innovation needed to maintain a safe environment.Tragedies also bring a technological impact to the forefront. As technology progresses in one area, other supporting areas of that advancement lag behind.The social impact of a tragedy has lasting effects. The Angola horror occurred two-andone- half years after the Civil War ended. People were adjusting to life, but were very sensitive to death. The deaths from the war created an enduring feeling of anxiety. A major tragedy prior to Christmas 1867 created a reminder of the fragility of life at a time when a country, healing from the scars of war, was preparing to normalize. The mobility that the railroads provided meant more visitations with loved ones, better business contacts between cities, and a mode of transportation isolated from weather conditions. However, the increase in mobility also meant an increased exposure to injury and death. The risks presented a breach of social justice. People expected that some governing body would provide them with safety. People are ready and willing to risk their own lives to help their fellow man during tragedies. The Angola derailment brought people together as they assisted in recovery efforts. Being witness to the charred remains of the unidentified victims and the brutal injuries had lasting social consequences.The author does not specifically mention the five stages of grief described by grief counselors, but they were evident within the atmosphere on the Angola horror. After the initial shock, denial sets in. Many of the acquaintances of those on board the New York Express did not want to believe that their loved ones were injured or dead. There was anger toward the railroad company. Railroad employees felt a sense of guilt. As people learned the facts of the crash and the result on up to fifty passengers in the last two passenger cars, depression set in. Angola was a topic amongst the nation, but eventually acceptance was realized.Tragedies also bring a technological impact to the forefront. As technology progresses in one area, other supporting areas of that advancement lag behind. This undermines technological advancement and endangers people. This was the case with the Angola horror and is the case with many tragedies today. From 1830 to 1860, men and women were in awe of the success and expansion of the railroad industry. The trains were slow moving and mostly used for excursion trips of only a few miles. As technology advanced, larger locomotives with greater velocities carrying bigger groups over hundreds of miles became the norm. The new technology brought increases in train derailments, injured or killed passengers and railroad employees, higher anxiety, and a demoralized public perception. This was due to the technological progression of the railroad that lacked innovation in the support mechanisms such as the flawed and unreliable rail material of iron, coal and wood burning stoves, unreliable switching systems, outdated link and pin couplers, and hand brakes. …


In the aim of developing high performance C-based a node materials for Li-ion batteries, carbon xerogels (hard carbons) are promi sing candidates since their specific capacities widely exceed that of conventional graph itic structures. Nevertheless, in order to reduce the commonly observed irreversible capacity losses and to improve the cycling performances, it is important to control the struct ural and textural characteristics of such materials. The polymerization and pyrolysis of aque ous Resorcinol-Formaldehyde gels leads to bimodal carbon materials composed of microporous nodules delimiting meso-or macroporous voids, the average size of which depend on both the composition of the precursor solution (pH, mainly) and the drying proc edure. 1


Human tooth enamel contains traces of foreign elements. The presence of these elements is related to the history and the environment of the human body and can be considered as the signature of perturbations which occur during the growth of a tooth. A map of the distribution of these traces on a large scale sample of the population will constitute a reference for further investigations of environmental effects. One hundred eighty samples of teeth were first analysed using PIXE, backscattering and nuclear reaction techniques. The results were analysed using statistical methods. Correlations between O, F, Na, P, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb and Sr were observed and cluster analysis was in progress. The techniques described in the present work have been developped in order to establish a method for the exploration of very large samples of the Belgian population.


ABSTRACTSome results concerning the reconstruction of barley karyotype are presented and discussed with respect to their used in genetic and breeding studies aimed at chromosome manipulation based improvement of this plant crop. It is shown that structural rearrangements can be used as cytological markers for the identification of the individual chromosomes. The different aspects of the application of cytologically marked karyotypes in the plant cytogenetics and chromosome engineering are also described. A special emphasis is laid to the use of reconstructed karyotypes as a model system in physical mapping of genes and DNA sequences.


In 1952, Muskatblit and Fisher 1 published a well-described case report of two members of a family with infection caused by Trichophyton faviforme. They stated that T. faviforme has rarely been isolated in the United States and that no previous cases had been reported in the New York area. The present report closely parallels that of Muskatblit and Fisher, who described a 7-year-old child with kerion of the scalp and lesions of the glabrous skin. There was also an erythematous, vesicular eruption of the glabrous skin of the child's mother. The present report includes kerion of the scalp and glabrous lesions of a 5-year-old child; in addition, there were glabrous lesions of the mother and of a baby sister. REPORT OF CASES Case 1.—R. B., a 5-year-old white farm boy, was first seen on Jan. 17, 1952. He was referred by a surgeon who, having hospitalized and incised a very


Objective: Traditionally, laser supraglottoplasty for the treatment of severe laryngomalacia (SLM) is via rigid endoscopy (RE) with general anesthesia. This study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the technique of laser supraglottoplasty via flexible endoscope (FE) in the treatment of infantile SLM.Methods: A two-year (2008-2009) prospective study of consecutive infants suffering with SLM was conducted. All the candidate infants were treated with the potassium-titanylphosphate (KTP) laser via a FE after their diagnostic FE under intravenous sedation without any artificial airway. Infants' clinical variables and prognosis were evaluated. Results: A total of 30 infants were enrolled. Mean age and body weight was 2.5 (±1.2) months and 3.6 (±0.9) kg, respectively. The laser FE was performed 12 (±2.5) minutes after the diagnostic FE and the procedure duration was 16 (±4.2) minutes. No intra-or postoperative complications were observed. Total post-laser hospital day was 6.9 (±1.8) days. Prognosis at the 12-weeks later revealed that 28 infants (93.3%) demonstrated significant clinical improvement without any further stridor. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the supraglottoplasty of FE laser is a convenient, safe (100%) and effective (93.3%) technique. It seems to be an appropriate therapy for treatment of SLM in infants.


Providing the meter electronics (20) for A vibration meter (5). Vibrating meter (5) located within a pipeline comprising (301) a sensor assembly. The sensor assembly (10) in fluid communication with one or more fluid switch (309). The meter electronics (20) configured to measure a flow of fluid through the sensor assembly (10) or more flow characteristics. A first fluid switch signal (214) The meter electronics (20) is further configured to receive an indication of the condition of fluid conduit (301) from the one or more fluid switch switches a first fluid (309) within the. The meter electronics (20) is further configured to, if the correction fluid condition is outside of the threshold value or threshold values with one or more flow characteristics.


With the use of Chromocult Coliform Agar it is possible to isolate E. coli 0157 :H7 strains. After 18 h and 3 days at 37°C, it is possible to distinguish their colonies from these of Klebsiella spp, Citrobacter spp and Serratia spp on the basis of the colonies aspects. For their distinction it is necessary to use these tests : sorbitol, dulcitol, urease, lysine and ornithine decarboxylase and latex E. coli 0157 test.


ABSTRACT In 2006, the first isolate of KPC-2-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the world was identified in Colombia. Recently, similar strains have been reported in Puerto Rico. We now report KPC-2-producing P. aeruginosa in Trinidad and Tobago. Surveillance for similar strains is warranted, considering their wide geographic spread and known association with mobile genetic elements.


In the present investigation, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCIM 2074) which can utilize phenol as a sole source of carbon and energy was selected for the degradation of phenol. Experiments were made as a function of carbon source (glucose), inorganic nitrogen (ammonium chloride) and metal ion concentration (zinc ion). In this work, a 23- full factorial Central Composite Design was employed combining with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to optimize the process parameters for the degradation of phenol by P.aeruginosa (NCIM 2074). It was shown that a second order polynomial regression model could properly interpret the experimental data with an R2 value of 0.9669 and an F-value of 32.52295 based on which the maximum degradation of phenol was estimated up to 80.45% within the range examined.


On NaCl(100)/Cu(111) an interface state band is observed that descends from the surface-state band of the clean copper surface. This band exhibits a Moiré-pattern-induced one-dimensional band gap, which is accompanied by strong standing-wave patterns, as revealed in low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy images. At NaCl island step edges, one can directly see the refraction of these standing waves, which obey Snell's refraction law.


In agriculture, social capital plays a major role in entrepreneurial performance. This study divides social capital into bounding social capital and bridging social capital. The data is collected by questionnaire, and the structural equation modeling is used to understand the impact of different social capitals on entrepreneurial performance in agricultural settings. The results show that both bounding social capital and bridging social capital of agricultural entrepreneurs have significant positive impacts on the performance of agricultural entrepreneurship. Agricultural entrepreneurs should strengthen strong relationships with relatives and friends to obtain more bounding social capital, and accumulate heterogeneous resources to develop bridging social capital.


The conceptual devices on which prevention is based are not neutral, as they delimit the problem, distribute agencies and organize subjectivities. The aim of this research was to identify the discursive effects that some conceptual devices — commonly used in public documents of child abuse prevention in Chile — have in the problematization of child abuse. The devices analyzed were definitions of child abuse, an explanatory framework and a sensitization strategy about child maltreatment. Through discourse analysis, what the discourses said about the features of abuse and power was identified. The results showed cartography of three guidelines: individualized violence, familiarization of violence and moralization of power. From these guidelines, the effects on the problematization of violence were elaborated: Exclusion of the institutional, exclusion of power imbalances and exclusion of resistance of children. I discuss this work as a cartography that leads towards a depoliticization of child violence.


A redundant robot has more degrees of freedom than what is needed to a unique task.The redundancy in robot manipulators can improve robots' kinematic and dynamic performance such as increasing dexterity and versatility,avoiding obstacles and singularities,optimizing joint velocity,joint acceleration,torque and energy.The studies of redundant robots have drawn a lot of attention because of these advantages.This survey includes the development of rigid and flexible redundant robots.The development direction in this research field is pointed out at last.


There is increasing interest in using stratification in type 2 diabetes to target resources, individualise care and improve outcomes. We aim to systematically review and collate literature that has utilised population stratification methods in the study of adults with type 2 diabetes; and to describe and compare stratification methodologies, population characteristics, variables used to stratify and outcome variables.


We describe an OctTree algorithm for the MPI-parallel, adaptive mesh-refinement code {\sc FLASH}, which can be used to calculate the gas self-gravity, and also the angle-averaged local optical depth, for treating ambient diffuse radiation. The algorithm communicates to the different processors only those parts of the tree that are needed to perform the tree walk locally. The advantage of this approach is a relatively low memory requirement, important in particular for the optical depth calculation, which needs to process information from many different directions. This feature also enables a general tree-based radiation transport algorithm that will be described in a subsequent paper, and delivers excellent scaling up to at least 1500 cores. Boundary conditions for gravity can be either isolated or periodic, and they can be specified in each direction independently, using a newly developed generalisation of the Ewald method. The gravity calculation can be accelerated with the {\em adaptive block update} technique by partially re-using the solution from the previous time-step. Comparison with the {\sc Flash} internal multi-grid gravity solver shows that tree based methods provide a competitive alternative, particularly for problems with isolated or mixed boundary conditions. We evaluate several multipole acceptance criteria (MACs) and identify a relatively simple APE MAC which provides high accuracy at low computational cost. The optical depth estimates are found to agree very well with those of the {\sc RADMC-3D} radiation transport code, with the tree solver being much faster. Our algorithm is available in the standard release of the {\sc FLASH} code in version 4.0 and later.


The increasing number of participants in modern mobile radio networks, especially with the prospect of the new CDMA systems, necessitates a more and more detailed and efficient radio network planning. The basis of network planning is always the prediction of the quality of transmission between the transmitter and the participant. In order to find the optimal location of the transmitters in a tolerable time, an automatic positioning of base stations in an urban area needs an accurate and fast propagation model. Presently, there is no satisfying combination of an accurate and fast propagation model and an algorithm which perform the positioning of base stations in large urban areas. A fast optimization algorithm for CDMA networks based on a fast and accurate propagation model is presented. For both, the coverage prediction and the optimization process neural networks are used. For the prediction of the coverage, which has to be optimized, a sophisticated backpropagation network is used whereas for the optimization process a self organizing map is applied. First results of the planning and optimization of an urban radio network based on these new algorithms are presented.


Assumptions about the future development of people's longevity have a crucial impact on the long-term sustainability of the public pension system. The use of standard methods to estimate longevity has led to systematically underestimates of increase in longevity. We use the Lee–Carter (LC) model to forecast demographics projections for the Slovenian population which leads to results much closer to the actual development of mortality. The assumptions about people's longevity made in the latest Eurostat projections from 2008 more closely resemble the results of the LC model than earlier versions of its population projections. However, they still project somewhat lower increases in longevity than our results using LC model. This translates to about 0.9 percentage points higher public pension expenditure in 2060 if we use our results about mortality development in the future instead of the Eurostat assumptions.


Demere, K. & Forbes, J. (2013). Emotion Priming and Reversing Initial Impression. Poster presented at the 2013 Meeting of the Association for Psychological Science, Washington D.C.


The Never-ending Story(Die unendliche Geschichte) written by the German fantasy literature master Michael Ende(Micaed Ende)holds a complicated double world,in which both realistic and fictional characters exist and interact.Influenced by the German Romantic trend,the novel is rich in mystical images which imply the theme.Besides,the narrative structure of the story is distinctive,which not only has two narrative clues that overlap and integrate but also employs metafictive device to erase boundaries between reality and fiction.Therefore,this novel could be interpreted from multiple levels.


Internet of Things (IoT) means that in the near future all devices used in our daily life will be connected and they will be able to communicate with each other and with users. This concept includes objects used in several applications, including agriculture, automation, energy consumption, telemedicine and healthcare, smart homes and cities, vehicles, security and surveillance [1]. In order to connect everyone and all these devices, the fifth generation (5G) of wireless networks represents the best solution because it is fast, reactive, and environmentally friendly [2]. These new devices will be implemented in low-cost materials and used in adverse conditions where the environment may continuously change. Variations in the environment will affect the performance of the near field of the antenna, and the resulting load-pulling of the RF front end will impact its performance in terms of gain, power and linearity, rendering it difficult to maintain high data rates of the transmitter (Fig. 1). The main problem regarding the radio-frequency front-end is to maintain the performance with the variations of the environment. Our main activity is focused on the sensing board which has to satisfy the requirements for IoTs, i.e., low cost, zero-bias consumption, and high-level integration. The aim of this study is to design an ultra-wideband impedance sensing board for the radiofrequency front-ends used in wireless units for Internet of Things and fifthgeneration wireless communication systems. We adopted as an impedance sensing board a six-port junction [3], [4]. The six-port junction is well-known in literature. The first design of the six-port junction was proposed by Engen in 1970s [3], [4], and it has been used in various applications, including microwave receivers and vector network analyzers. A dedicated six-port junction (see Fig. 2) was designed, fabricated, and experimentally measured at the fundamental frequency of 5.5 GHz. The proposed approach is low cost and requires zero DC bias consumption. We demonstrated experimentally that the proposed topology is able to sense accurately varying antenna impedances, even when the variations are large.


The ratio of the yields of fissile isomers and prompt fission has been measured in absorption of neutrons by the nuclei /sup 241/Am and /sup 243/Am in the range of neutron energies from 0.2 to 1.3 MeV. The present data and the results obtained previously permit the suggestion that the fissile isomers of Am are more likely structural spin isomers than shape isomers.


Treatment response in cystic fibrosis (CF) is traditionally monitored using pulmonary function tests (PFTs), such as spirometry. However, PFTs can be insensitive to treatment, particularly in early CF lung disease [1]. Hyperpolarised xenon-129 magnetic resonance imaging (Xe-MRI) has been shown to be feasible in children [2], more sensitive to early CF lung disease compared to PFTs [3] and captures improvements in ventilation inhomogeneity in paediatric CF patients receiving intravenous antibiotic treatment for a pulmonary exacerbation [4]. However, access to hyperpolarised 129Xe gas is not widely available, and Xe-MRI requires subjects to perform an extended breath-hold (10–15 s), which is challenging for very sick children. Ventilation distributions obtained with PREFUL MRI correlated with Xe-MRI, and both could detect improvements following treatment of a PEx. PREFUL MRI offers an effective and more widely available alternative to Xe-MRI for monitoring treatment. https://bit.ly/3le0TT9


A structural phase transition study of Ba_2YCu_3O_6+ x (x = 0 to 1) has been conducted on a series of 13 quenched samples. These samples were prepared from an orthorhombic material by annealing at temperatures from 400 to 1000 °C in air, followed by rapid quenching. All quenchings were performed by using a liquid-nitrogen-cooled copper cold well with a continuous flow of cooled helium gas. Various measurements including x-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Meissner effect, and scanning electron microscopy were carried out in order to correlate the nature of the phase transition with erystallographic data, superconductivity, and annealing temperature. The phase transition from Ba_2YCu_3,O_7 to Ba_2YCu_3O_6 appears to involve two orthorhombic regions: region A with a <b ≈ c/3 below approximately 600 °C and region B with cell parameters of a < b < c/3 from & 600 to 708–720 °C. The transformation from orthorhombic to tetragonal takes place in the temperature range of 708–720 °C. This transition appears to be a second-order, order-disorder type.


The incidence of NHL worldwide is increasing by 4% per year and is thus a concern for public health. This increase may be attributed to several factors including the early diagnosis of more cases of the indolent lymphoma, increases in the use of immunosuppressive drugs and the aging of the


A time-shifted correlated double sampling (CDS) technique is used to compensate for the finite opamp dc gain in the context of a pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC). This technique can significantly reduce the errors due to the finite opamp gain without compromising the conversion speed. This is particularly useful for the design of low-voltage and high-speed pipelined ADCs where the trade-off of opamp dc: gain and bandwidth is critical. Behavior simulation results confirm the effectiveness of this new technique.


It is widely known that increased perceived risk associated with a drug, even if in a completely different class of medicines, may influence patient compliance to their treatment regimes. Media reports of alleged scandals and controversies associated with certain prescription drugs, such as Vioxx, are easily accessible in public recollections and may influence attitudes towards other drugs. Reports of increased noncompliance following such media reports contribute to the existing 50–70% of the US adult population of chronic prescription users who do not take medications in accordance with physicians' instructions. This can have impacts ranging from faster onset of disease for the noncompliant individual to wider impacts for society as a whole, such as increased federal spending on social health funds. The rates of noncompliance described, and their alleged relationship with increased public suspicions, suggest a role for trust in shaping compliance behavior in patients. This study applied the mental models approach for the purpose of understanding lay perceptions in relation to existing scientific information on the risk of noncompliance. In accordance with the approach, 30 participants were interviewed, and 200 questionnaires were administered in New York City to eligible users of statins for the chronic treatment of high cholesterol. This original research reports the primary findings from the 200 confirmatory questionnaires in relation to the qualitative interview findings from the previous article. The themes of distrust in various actors in the health care system identified during the interviews were supported statistically through the questionnaires, and a statistically significant correlation between distrust and noncompliance was established. The results of this research should be taken into consideration for any future efforts at addressing risks associated with patient noncompliance.


This paper aims to tackle both the challenge of illustrating the maximum power transfer theorem in a first-year course and the challenge of organizing courses with an extensive program that must be completed in a rather short time. This is the case for the three-year degree program leading to the Diploma in Electronic Systems for Telecommunications offered by the Technical University of Catalonia (UPC). In this degree program, an ultrasound-based laboratory experience was developed primarily to cover the topic of maximum power transfer in the second-semester Circuit Analysis course. In this experience, the range of an ultrasonic transmitter/receiver system, which starts out rather short, is improved by using an LC matching network. The measurement setup uses low-cost circuitry and standard instrumentation available in any basic electronics laboratory. During this experience, we realized that other topics could easily be introduced, including some related to the third-semester Radiofrequency course. Therefore, we added a largely descriptive section to illustrate some of the following topics: wavelength and propagation-speed measurement, directivity, standing waves, pulse-echo distance measurement and the effect of air movement and temperature on the propagation speed.


At present,organic food industry in China is in the starting stage and its overall competitiveness is still weak.By using analytic hierarchy process,the influencing factors on the competitiveness of organic food industry in China were analyzed from 4 aspects of production and supply,consumption demand,management body and government behavior,relevant supportive industries.The important degree of each influencing factor was compared by the means of weight quantification.Based on the key and important factors of being at a disadvantage,some countermeasures and suggestions for promoting the competitiveness of organic food industry in China were put forward.


Uribe: I never thought that Colombia was a failing state, but during my first month as president, I was surprised by many international analysts. For example, people from the World Bank and other multilateral agencies came to see me saying, "Be careful because Colombia is becoming a failing state." Colombia has long been a democratic state. The failures of the 1980s and 1990s were not because of our state but because of the advancement of terrorist groups attempting to defeat our democratic institutions in many areas of the country. By the mid-20th century, Colombia's traditional political parties—the Colombian Conservative Party and Colombian Liberal Party—came to terms, putting an end to their historic violent confrontation. During that period, however, [Fidel] Castro's revolutionary movement in Cuba succeeded, and it chose two countries in which to replicate its revolution: Colombia and Bolivia. The irreconcilable remnant of partisan guerrillas in Colombia reinvented themselves as communist guerrillas. Colombia did not have a long period of peace. No sooner had the violent political confrontation ended then the new Marxist guerrillas opened fire. Later, communist violence resulted in the birth and growth of anticommunist self-defense groups.


One of the most important of the recent studies o[ evolution, and probably tlte most important of the purely entomological works on this subject. is Wm. D. 'l'ower's "Investigation of Evolution in the Chrysomelid Beetles of the Genus Leptinotarsa."-r ,'In this contribution have been brotrght together data concerning evolution in the genus Le1ltinotttrsa, Stal, as gatheredflom various sources [during rr yeats], and in asfar as it applies to the origin of species. In general, the evidence herein presented has been derived from three sources: (r) its natural history, including distribution and ecology, variatiorls, babits and instincts; (z) deaelopnent; (3) erperinent." It is the large number and thoroughness of the experiments rvhich makes the work so valuable, and such a refreshing change from the numerous discussions of pin-stuck data that encumber but do not greatly elucidate the problems of evolution. Chapter I is an interesting discussion of the geographical distribution of the genus. By tl're use of four of the criteria giveu by Adams (Biol. 8u11., r goz), the centre of origin o[ the genr.rs is found to be Southern I,Iexico. The other six criteria are rar.her severely criticised. If space perrnitted, these might be profitably discussed, as some of the criticisms do not seem to be fully justified. Valuable detailed data concerning the spread of the Colorado potato beetle are collected and given here. Chapter II is a study of variatron. A uumber of laws for the genus


This article focuses on the significance of the interrelationship between the fields of archaeology and history, rather than the rigorous application of literary criticism or historical analysis. By drawing inferences from both text and context an analysis is provided for a more informed reading of Isaiah's "Song of the Vineyard".


It has recently been suggested by British archaeologists and anthropologists that mummification may have been widespread in Bronze Age Europe. This article presents the results of a study that, for the first time, investigates the question of whether the people who inhabited central Europe during the Early Bronze Age treated the bodies of their dead prior to deposition in order to prevent decay and preserve the soft tissue. The study relies on data from the cemetery of Franzhausen I in Lower Austria. The cemetery, excavated between 1981 and 1983, contained 714 Early Bronze Age graves and two pits with human remains. A sample of 22 skeletons from 22 graves was investigated using macroscopic, post-hoc archaeothanatological, and histotaphonomic analyses. Thin sections of the femora of 18 out of 22 individuals show high degrees of microbial tunnelling resulting from extensive putrefaction processes. Thin sections of femora from four individuals show less bioerosion indicating that the microbial invasion accompanying autolysis and decomposition was arrested at an early stage of the taphonomic process. Since the femora of these four individuals are partially discoloured green we lean towards the assumption that the good preservation of the internal bone microstructure was caused by a post-depositional uptake of heavy metals eroding from copper and bronze grave goods, mediated by a coffin environment.


Two alloys of steel containing nominally 0.45C-1.0Si-2.0Mn-0.8Al and 1.2Al were cast in open air induction furnace. Dilatation testing was carried out to recognize the effect on Aluminum on the different critically transformation temperatures. The alloys were hot forged at 1200°C and then subjected to different cooling rates. Mechanical testing was carried out at room temperature. Optical and SEM microstructure were observed. X-ray diffraction was conducted to observe the microstructure constituents.


A substantial increase in the qualify of grapes for winemaking will require time. A shift to better varieties is at best a slow process. However, I wish to emphasize that much can be accomplished immediately. The B/a ratio should be used by everyone to control cultural practices and achieve the Optimum quality of the grapes now available. It should also be used to determine the time of picking; and the grapes should be harvested at that time—not weeks later. Only those grapes which are delivered in good condition should be accepted for crushing. And every effort should be made to crush all grapes at time of delivery. If we only do the things that are possible right now, we will have made a great stride toward our goal of better grapes for crushing.


Hash function as one of primitive tools of cryptography and message authentication, is used in keyed and unkeyed forms for MDC and MAC. Hashing speed and security are the most important qualities of these functions for various cryptographic applications. Commonly used hash functions in field of cryptography are MD5, SHA-0, SHA-1 and SHA-2 that has been attacked in different ways. These functions use Merkle-Damgard scheme with iterating over internal binary functions. Another way to design such functions is using chaos theory. In this document, first a chaotic system with compression ability is proposed and a fuzzy hashing scheme based on this system has been developed. Hashing structure of proposed scheme can be run on multi-threading. Use of 256 bits long key improves its security against generic attacks. Simulation results such as statistical analysis, speed analysis and cryptanalysis deductions, shows its good performance and reliability. Proposed function is compared to other chaotic hash functions by statistical parameters and is discussed in cryptanalysis matters.


The characteristic of paraffin wax was changed by catalytic oxidation reaction with using polythene wax as raw material. The obtained oxidized wax whose performance was similar to that of natural carnauba wax was used for preparing car polish wax instead of natural carnauba wax. The micro emulsion which was prepared by oxidized wax was studied. The effects of component of micro emulsion as well as the emulsification condi-tions on the oxidized wax micro emulsion were reviewed. The results showed that when the mass ratio of oxidized wax to emulsifier was 1:0.50, emulsi-fication time was 50min, temperature was 90~95℃ and stirring speed was 1200~1500r/min, the appearance, glossy and film forming ability of car polish wax were excellent.


Based on a near-complete mitochondrial DNA sequence, the phylogenetic status of a lung fluke collected in the Philippines was evaluated. The lung fluke from Leyte Island, Philippines, resembles Paragonimus westermani morphologically and is sometimes regarded as a subspecies, P westermani filipinus. In this study, all mitochondrial genes of the Leyte form were sequenced : 12 subunits of mitochondrial enzymes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 21 transfer RNAs. The gene order is the same as that of the previously-published P. westermani from Korea. All genes are transcribed in the same direction. The sequence from Leyte was 88.8% identical to the previously-published sequence (accession No. AF219379). This is further evidence that the Philippine form should be regarded as specifically distinct from the form in East Asia (China, Japan and Korea). This conclusion is strengthened by the observation that the molluscan host of the Philippine form is of a different family from that of the East Asian form.


Background. The efficacy of a levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system in opposing endometrial proliferation and in preventing bleeding was studied in peri‐ and postmenopausal women receiving estrogen replacement therapy.


Have you heard of the wonderful one-hoss shay, That was built in such a logical way It ran a hundred years to a day, And then, of a sudden, it — ah, but stay I'll tell you what happened without delay, . . . . You see, of course, if not a dunce, How it went to pieces all at once, — All at once, and nothing first, — Just as bubbles do when they burst. End of the wonderful one-hoss shay Logic is logic. That's all I say. DR. Holmes's description of The Deacon's Masterpiece was composed in Massachusetts . . .


The problem of this research is whether the application of cooperative learning method is effective in reducing student's anxiety in learning Math at grade VII at the topic of round numbers. The objective of the research is to know the effectiveness of cooperative learning in reducing student's anxiety in learning Math at the topic of round numbers at grade VII SMP Negeri 1 Baubau. This research is descriptive quantitative by applying quasi experimental design. The sample taken consisted of 54 students which is each group consisted of 27 students. The instrument used in this research is test. The result of the research show that (1) The mean score of students learning in Math in experimental group before treatment is 56,48 with standard of deviation is 18,65 and after treatment is 83,70 with standard of deviation is 15,54. (2)The mean score of students learning in Math in control group before treatment is 56,67 with standard of deviation is 17,26 and after treatment is 73,51 with standard of deviation is 17,58. (3) Based on the mean score of students result in learning who is taught through those model of learning and seeing the result of statistic inferential of t test shows that learning through cooperative learning method is more effective to reduce students anxiety in learning Math.


The article resumes the discussion regarding the changes in the forms of youth participation in the current context of the still ongoing societal transformations in Brazil. In the light of the recent debate on the forms of engagement, militancy and activism, the text resumes the perception of young people from popular and middle classes, at different moments in their life paths (young-teenagers, young-young people, young adults) and with different experiences of participation, their actions in the public sphere, inside and outside the school context, to indicate some clues about/regarding the meanings of political action in contemporary times.


The invention concerns a method of producing a network, in particular a telecommunication, water supply, remote heat supply or electric network, the network connecting all consumers (3) to a main distributor node (7) as a function of the locally existing or predeterminable requirements and demands (4) of the individual consumers (3). The method is characterized by the following steps: I) generating of a graph (G) consisting of edges (14) and nodes (15), the graph (G) including all technically possible and/or predeterminable connection paths (5) of the network, and the lengths and directions of the edges (14) resulting from the actual topography of the road sections and predeterminable network line paths (5) of the region (1) to be supplied by means of the network, and the nodes (15) being the points of intersection between the edges (14), streets and/or network line paths (5); (II) allocating of consumers (3) to the graph (G) such that each consumer (3) is connected by an additional consumer edge (16) to the closest edge (14) or to the closest node (15) of the graph (G); III) generating of a tree (Ba) by eliminating unnecessary edges (14) from the graph (G) such that, between the main distributor node (7) and each consumer (3), there is precisely only one connection provided by the consumer edges (16), edges (14) and nodes (15) of the tree (Ba); and IV) determining of the load of the edges (14) of the tree (Ba) according to the requirements and demands (4) of the consumers (3).


With the existence of multipath interferences or smart jamming, the desired signal is correlated or even coherent with interferences in an adaptive array. The array performance is severely degraded when the desired signal is highly correlated or coherent with some of the interferences. The performance degradation is commonly called the desired signal cancellation phenomenon, which can be explicitly interpreted in the framework of generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC). Spatial smoothing (SS) was proposed to overcome the array performance degradation in the coherent environment, however, the subarray averaging in SS leads to the array aperture loss. Moreover, spatial smoothing can't decorrelate the desired signal and interferences completely, especially in some angles of the arrivals. In this paper, an adaptive weighted spatial smoothing (AWSS) technique is proposed. Based on the analysis of the correlation matrix of the weighted spatial smoothing, a virtual adaptive beamforming problem is constructed to compute the sliding weight. The correlation coefficients of the desired signal and the interferences in the after-weighted correlation matrix are approximately equal to zeros, due to the nulls of the virtual beamforming. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the AWSS algorithm can decorrelate the desired signal and the coherent interferences more efficiently. The number of subarrays needed decreases, and the array aperture loss is reduced in spatial smoothing.


The Mamuju River Estuary is an estuary whose role is to protect coastal ecosystems (mangroves, seagrasses, coral reefs) from the negative effects of intensification of land clearing upstream and coastal. Land clearing for various human needs encourages erosion resulting in high TSS (Total Suspended Solid) concentrations in river water bodies. This study aimed to determine the flushing time, pollutant load, and assimilation capacity of the Mamuju River estuary on TSS pollutants. The results showed that TSS concentrations still met the quality standard for marine biota (mangroves: <80 mg/L) with a lower distribution pattern when getting further away from the river mouth. The flushing time at the study site is 5.6 days so the river and seawater exchange is ± 65 times per year. The pollutant load was 586.11 tons/month. The value of the assimilation capacity reaches 255.57 tons/month. Based on these results it can be concluded that the Mamuju River estuary has experienced an overload of sediment.


This paper continues a series concerning the relation between transpiration, growth, and water requirement of higher plants under different environmental conditions (ABD E L RAHMAN et al., 1959). In the previous papers the effect of several environmental factors on growth and transpiration of tomato are discussed; in this paper the effect of light intensity, temperature, and water supply on growth and transpiration of sugar beet will be described. This plant species was chosen for the following reasons. Under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity the optimum temperature for growth of beets is between 20° and 23° C (ULRICH, 1952), which is lower than that for growth of tomato (WENT, 1957). At temperatures lower than the optimal one, growth of tomato is retarded much more than that of beet. Besides, it is of interest to study the effect of environmental factors on storage of material in roots and stems, and its possible relation to transpiration and water economy. No experimental data on growth of beet in connection with transpiration under controlled conditions could be found in literature. As an example of field experiments in the Netherlands, the investigations of BOONSTRA (1939, 1942) on the relation between transpiration and production of beet plants in containers should be mentioned. Recently, BOONSTRA'S results are reconsidered by DE WIT (1958), who calls attention to the observed linear relation between dry matter production and transpiration under the present field conditions, the curve going through the origin. A water loss of 1 kg by transpiration corresponds with 6.1 g dry matter production. This observation indicates a rather constant value of the water requirement during the growing season. Taking into consideration the variation in temperature and radiation in a temperate climate as in the Netherlands, this is a rather surprising observation.


Reasons for the differences in life expectancy by sex in Switzerland, which have increased over the course of the twentieth century, are examined. "The purpose of this study is to estimate, on the basis of two demographic methods, which ages contributed to the differences in life expectancy by gender during the course of the century. While infant mortality explained the majority of these differences between the genders in 1910/11, this is no longer the case nowadays. Excess male mortality among members of the working-age population, and especially in the older age groups, explains both the differences in average longevity between the sexes and how these differences develop. Seen from another angle, the causes of death which contribute most to these gender disparities, ranked in order of importance, are cancers, violent deaths and ischaemic cardiac disorders." (EXCERPT)


Abstract MAPREX is a software application for process condition monitoring based on the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) neural network. It provides advanced monitoring tools in a highly versatile way, allowing to look for the causes of a system malfunction or the factors which have an influence in the final product quality in complex systems as a previous stage for further more specific condition monitoring prototypes. Its main features include capability to acquire and store data from field sensors, real-time displaying of the signals and their spectra, real-time feature extraction and displaying, and state trajectory visualization based on SOM, also in real time.


Abstract Experiments conducted at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in the Philippines, showed that all commonly marketed formulations and derivatives of 2,4-D and MCPA were equally effective in controlling barnyard grass [Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.] and other annual weeds in transplanted rice (Oryza sativa L). In the Philippines, these phenoxy acid herbicides cost US$2.50/ha as liquid formulations and US$5.50/ha as granular formulations. These low-cost herbicides provide excellent alternatives to hand weeding in transplanted tropical rice. Other herbicides which can control weeds before or after the weeds emerge are more expensive than 2,4-D or MCPA. Some of these selective herbicides, such as butachlor and TCE-styrene + 2,4-D, are in the Philippine market. Their prices vary from US$8 to US$12/ha. For direct-seeded flooded rice, granular formulations of several new herbicides, such as butachlor, benthio-carb and C-288 (chemistry not yet disclosed), were highly selective in controlli...


Quite a lot, actually. Names organize and give meaning to our world. They give us identity and allow us to communicate clearly and efficiently. In the context of scientific names for living and fossil organisms, they link data from around the globe into a synthetic framework from which we can make powerful predictions and effective strategies: everything from governmental policies and next-generation medicines to the origins of diversity and its responses to climate change. These, and many other reasons, are the why, but how is equally important. Unlike folk taxonomies, which are rich in cultural tradition and applicable only at local scales, scientific nomenclature must abide specific rules to remain effective globally, unbounded by the vagaries of local customs. These names must also transcend time so that data from past and future generations can be meaningfully synergized for their greatest benefit. Not surprisingly, to achieve such lofty goals, an entire form of information science is needed, one complete with its own terminology and pragmatic rules. The how of scientific naming is as vital as the why, for to fail at the first means catastrophe for the fundamental reasons of the latter. Imagine bad practices for the scientific naming of drugs or diseases and the tsunami of disastrous impacts that would follow. Now imagine the same if we failed at communicating about disease-transmitting mosquitos or poisonous mushrooms. Scientific names have life-sustaining importance and we cannot be cavalier about taxonomic science and formalized nomenclature.


T he urban development can give rise to several problems in the urban devrlopment . The development of urban settellement  is the increasing number of people each year so that the need for infrastructure increases one of which is a modern trade cente r because demand of commodity and service is increase . But this situation is not followed by infrastructure such as modern trade center. In the beginning of  Solo Baru has built, there is no modern trade center. In progress, in 2001 there is trade center in Solo Baru. Then increased again in 2013 and 2014. In this development there are indications of changes in shopping trips of public. Based on these problems, this study aims to determine changes in shopping trip distribution of public after the establishment of modern trade center in Solo Baru in terms of spatial and aspasial trip distribution. In this study, the method used is quantitative method with 4 analytical techniques. Descriptive analysis of narrative will see how the development and characteristics of modern trade center as well as the shopping trips distribution of public in 2000 and 2015. Analysis of paired sample t test saw trip distribution changes that occurred in public spending Solo Baru in 2000 and 2015. The descriptive analysis explanatif to prove that changes in trips distribution expenditures were the result of the development of modern trade centers are supported by the deciding factor to determine the relationship of the movement, the characteristics of the trade center with the trips distribution of public. The results show that after the establishment of modern trade center in Solo there is a change ina spatial and spatial trips distribution and spatial. The trip distribution of public happens is people tend to look for a trading center strategically located in the sense that it is more accessible location with a shorter distance, with a strategic location or cause consumers will take time, and expense.. Keywords : trips distribution , shopping trip , urban development


This research examines the antecedents of knowledge transfer from teachers to students in E-learning. Drawing from the E-learning and knowledge transfer literatures, we develop an integrated theoretical model that posits that knowledge transfer is influenced by four sets of factors: knowledge-related, transfer contextual, teacher-related and student-related aspects. Data were collected from respondent teachers and students using online questionnaire. The results of the analysis demonstrate that all four aspects have a significant influence on knowledge transfer in E-learning, and provide support for 8 of the 9 hypotheses. The analysis also confirms four mediating relationships. These research results extend, augment, and apply prior research to an increasingly prevailed E-learning domain. Our research contributes to theory and practice in E-learning by focusing on knowledge transfer as the crucial aspect and integrating theory developed in other knowledge transfer contexts.


Objective To introduce a kind of director for lateral drilling at the femoral neck in operation which can avoid using the lateral X ray roentgenoscopy at the femoral neck and shorten the operation time. Methods The director was used in the fixation with the intramedullary proximal femoral nail (PFN) pinning at femur in 16 cases. 12 were intertrochanteric fractures, and 4 were subtrochanteric fractures. Under the guidance of the director 32 fixing lag screws were put into the neck of femur. Results According to the observation of postoperative X ray examination, all lag screws in the neck of femur were just in place. Conclusion The design of the director is reasonable, for it can reduce X ray exposure, shorten the operation time, and ensure the accuracy of putting the lag screws into the lateral neck of femur.


The design for Interstate Highway 94, east of St. Paul, Minnesota included a dead-end storm water retention pond constructed by the Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT), for the purpose of collecting highway runoff. Flow into the pond will discharge primarily through the pond bottom into the groundwater system. Concern for potential impacts of both local and regional groundwater levels prompted Mn/DOT to conduct a groundwater study using an analytical element computer model. Presented in this report is a summary of the analytical aquifer modeling method, including basic theory, fundamental equations, and a brief description of how to access the computer program. As part of the study, an analytical element was developed to permit modeling of inhomogenieties in the aquifer hydraulic conductivity, thickness, and/or base elevation. Basic theory and equations for this element are discussed in the report. Use of the model for the storm retention pond is described, including hydrogeology, site description, and simplifying assumptions used in the model. Results of the model are presented, including contour plots of groundwater levels prio to construction of the retention pond, as well as predicted levels when the pond reaches a steady state. (Author)


Stepped spillways are a more effective type of spillway in energy dissipation than conventional chute channels. Therefore, the dimensions of the energy breaker at the downstream of the stepped spillways are lower. It is an alternative especially for the downstream pool that cannot be built in sufficient length due to the terrain conditions. In this study, the energy dissipation performance of the trapezoidal stepped spillways was investigated numerically by using Flow3D software. Four different models and three different discharges were utilized for this aim. According to the results, the trapezoidal stepped spillway is more effective up to 30% than classical stepped spillways in energy dissipation. The depth of the trapezoidal step and the bottom base length of the trapezoid significantly affected the energy dissipation rate for the trapezoidal stepped spillway.


This article maybe used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution , reselling , loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. Differential habitat use in primary and secondary forests was documented for two genera of giant damselflies (Pseudostigmatidae), important predators of tree-hole breeding mosquitoes in tropical forests. In a lowland moist forest of Panama, adults moved between old primary (.400 years old) and contiguous secondary forest (.60 years old) and reproduced seasonally in both types. However, the two Mecistogaster species were more common in secondary forest, whereas Megaloprepus caerulatus was most common in primary forest. These differences in landscape use were reflected in differential colonization of tree-hole analogs (plastic pots) in primary forest and highly altered secondary growth (,20 years old) in a lowland wet forest in Costa Rica where reproduction of both species was aseasonal. Larvae of Mecistogaster linearis were commonly found in pots at both habitat types, whereas Megaloprepus, the majority species, rarely colonized pots in altered sites. Our results suggest that Megaloprepus is particularly susceptible to forest conversion, and call for increased focus on the dispersal ability of all pseudostigmatids. In tropical moist and wet forests that harbor water-filled tree holes, the presence of the conspicuous Megaloprepus and similar species may serve as bio-indicators of a healthy predator guild, the loss of which may adversely impact human health.


The odoring of mutton was removed by means of washing method,and it was analyzed that the temperature,pH,rate of meat to water and washing times influenced de-odoring effect of mutton.The washing conditions was determined by a single factor experiment,meanwhile,processing technology about flavor mutton silk was studied by using the orthogonal experiment to optimum determination of main batching and technology.The results showed that the de-odoring effect of mutton was good with conditions of 40℃,pH 8.2,rate of meat to water being 1/7 and 5 times of wash.The flavor of mutton silk was good under conditions of 6% sauce,4% salt,2.5% granulated sugar in total product with dry at 55℃ for 2h and then at 200℃ for 2min.


The pawpaw nutrition noodles are prepared by the following raw materials by weight: 500-600 parts of wheat flour, 100-120 parts of lotus root starch, 60-70 parts of oatmeal, 60-70 parts of broad beans, 60-70 parts of cowpeas, 60-70 parts of pawpaw, 30-40 parts of haw, 30-40 parts of banana, 75-80 parts of vegetables, 40-50 parts of leeks, 40-50 parts of amaranth, 6-7 parts of dahurian angelica roots, 6-7 parts of epimeddium, 8-10 parts of pilose antlers, 8-10 parts of cistanche, 6-7 parts of ginseng, 5-6 parts of rice leaves, 5-6 parts of orienavine, 230-260 parts of apple vinegar, 40-50 parts of yellow rice wine, 40-50 parts of honey, 40-50 parts of lemon juice, a proper amount of salts and a proper amount of water. The pawpaw nutrition noodles of the present invention with pawpaw and other fruits has beauty efficacy, and beans enrich protein content of noodles, and especially extract products of dahurian angelica root, epimeddium and other Chinese herbal medicines have good health care efficacy, so the product is good for human body health.


[Objective]To explore the application and valuation of spiral CT in the diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules(SPN).[Methods] 96 SPN patients was diagnosed using spiral CT,and comparing to the histopathologic data.[Results] Spiral CT can show the type and the micro-structure of SPN,and had no significant difference with the histopathologic results(P0.05).The sensitivity for malignant nodules was 95%,specificity 57%.[Conclusions]With consideration of the history,the valuable diagnosis may be made for SPN on the basis of the signs of CT.


Abstract. Liver transplantation is a necessary procedure to save the lives of thousands of people suffering from a multitude of diseases. Unfortunately, there are currently 14,301 individuals in the United States in dire need of a liver currently on the wait list, with more people added each year than removed as a result of successful transplantation. This is largely due to the National Organ Transplant Act of 1984's outlawing the compensation of donors for their organs, which, in concurrence with basic economic theory, has resulted in a vast supply shortage. This paper aims to assess the state of the organ transplantation system in the United States and make the case that compensation for organ donors will not only remedy the vast shortage, but would prove to be a more economical alternative than the status quo.  Keywords. Market for livers, National organ transplant. JEL. I11, I18.


The observation of complex organic molecules (COMs) in the gas phase of cold molecular clouds has coined a freeze-out paradox in astrophysics: COMs should be accreted on low-temperature interstellar grains, but not observable in cold molecular clouds. Still, validated mechanisms transporting molecules from the grains back into the gas phase are still elusive, but critical for our understanding of the chemical evolution of the molecular universe. Here we report on the first characterization of rapid radical reactions involving methyl (CH3) and formyl (HCO) radicals in interstellar analogous ices of methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO) upon exposure to proxies of galactic cosmic rays. Rapid radical chain reactions and explosive desorption occurred once the accumulated radicals surpassed critical concentrations of about 1% in the ices at temperatures of cold molecular clouds (5–10 K). These processes may explain the ejection and observation of COMs in the gas phase of cold molecular clouds and potentially rapid outbursts of comets.


Recently a variety of cyclodextrin (CD)-based polypseudorotaxanes (PPRs) and polyrotaxanes (PRs) have at-tracted trememdous attention as building blocks for hierarchical nanostructured materials. γ -CDs are known to include two chains of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) into their cavity, either bent double chains or two parallel chains to create PPRs or PRs. A distal 2-bromoisobutyryl end-capped PEG ( M n = 4000) was found to self-assemble with γ -CDs to form PEG bent double chain stranded PPRs which are stable enough to further initiate the bulk atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of n-butyl methacrylate (BMA) to give rise to the same conformational PPR-based block copolymers. As attached PBMA possesses good processing and mechanical properties, the resulting copolymers were soluble in chloroform to be cast into films. Due to added γ -CDs in the conformation of PEG bent double chain remaining the characteristic channel-type crystal structure, the higher mechanical strength was noted in the copolymers, while the elongation ratio was remarkedly got down. The static contact angle was substantially decreased as compared to the homopolymer PBMA, but was slightly enhanced with regard to the triblock copolymer PBMA-PEG-PBMA. Furthermore, they were electrospun into uniform non-woven fibers in a solution of dichloromethane, and morphology of fibers was affected by the polymer solution concentration.


Ahlan. 2013. Nim : 321407005. Skripsi: "A Descriptive Study of Written
Feedback in Students' Writing Skill".
The main problems of this study were "How is the teacher's written
feedback toward students' writing and students' perspectives toward the giving of
written feedback from teacher". The objective of this study was aimed to describe
the giving of written feedback by the teacher in students' writing. The source of
the research is the worksheets of students' writing toward giving of written
feedback from teacher and students of MTs Hidayatullah in academic year
2012/2013 as informants. They consist of 26 students. The method used in this
study is descriptive qualitative. The instrument used in collecting the data was
documentation and interview. The researcher analyzed the data that had been
collected by interpreting the findings in documentation and interview qualitatively
in order to get the description giving of written feedback of this study. This study
described that the students have several errors in writing in learning English after
the teacher provided written feedback to them. It could be described from the task
sheets which the students did error in completing a task that teacher asked to
them. The most used by the teacher in providing of written feedback to students'
worksheets are error correction, comment and marking/underlining. Based on
interview list distributed to students, most of them are interested in learning
english after the teacher provided written feedback in their worksheets.
Key Words: Written Feedback, and Writing.


The wafer (22) The process for producing a device substrate on which metal oxide can be easily removed to be formed on the surface of the metallic convex portion 3 or the concave portion of the surface; The method for manufacturing a semiconductor device is provided. Method of manufacturing a device substrate comprising the steps of forming a temporary adhesive by applying a temporary adhesive composition comprising a compound containing a thermoplastic resin, and fluorine atoms (5) on the carrier layer (5); And is in the temporary surface of the adhesive layer on the opposite side of the carrier main component is copper, and the convex portion 3 and the wafer (22) having at least one of the recess, side with at least one of concave and convex forming a laminate by applying a manner adjacent to the temporary adhesive layer; And after heating the laminate at a temperature above 170 ℃ separating the carrier from the laminate, and further comprising the step of peeling the temporary adhesive.


The subject of Jacky Bratton's The Making of the West End Stage is the "blank period in [the] theatre history" (2) of the London stage between romanticism and modernism. Her focus is the West End, which – rather than being seen as subject to the theatrical hiatus commonly supposed – is revealed as a dynamic, energetic, and innovative space in the midnineteenth century. The book's aim, in particular, is to show how women helped shape a new Victorian theatrical culture, and it offers a meticulously researched and highly illuminating study of gender and theatre in earlyand mid-Victorian London. The Making of the West End Stage is divided into two parts: the first maps the spatial and cultural dimensions of the West End, while the second looks at individuals and the theatres they performed in and managed. Chapter one takes a journey across London from the perspective of a woman strolling from the elite residential area, St. James, in the west, to the retail district of Oxford Street, in the north. Moving south to the Strand, the home of the periodical press, in chapter two, the reader is given the perspective of a popular journalist. A single issue of The Era (April 6, 1856) is subjected to close scrutiny. The news of the day includes the end of the Crimean War and a fire at Covent Garden Theatre. The Era was a trade paper for theatrical professionals; its articles, reviews, and advertisements indicate that it was also a guide for middle-class theatregoers seeking a diversity of entertainment, from Italian opera to pleasure gardens or the emergent music hall. REVIEWS


A renewed interest in vitamin D reflects almost the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency worldwide and the increased publication connecting its deficiency to other clinical conditions other than bone health [1]. Therefore, the combination of total vitamin D levels with other tests should be considered when studying certain clinical conditions such as bone diseases and diabetes mellitus [2]. In most assays underestimation of the vitamin levels observed even with the new measurement of total vitamin D (D3+ D2) assay [1,3]. Also reference range for the vitamin around 50 nmol/l was established that is increased as you reach the equator due to increased sun exposure [2]. Assay provided in our country uses 75 nmol/l as reference range, regardless the fact that different assays will produce different results. We studied total vitamin D using two different assays (Roche and diaSorin).


THE INVENTION CONCERNS A THICKENING AGENT. According to the Invention, IT CONSISTS OF A MIXTURE OF THE ORDER OF 5 TO AROUND 95 BY WEIGHT OF SILICA FINELY DIVIDED AND THE ORDER OF 95 TO AROUND 5 WEIGHT POLYOLEFIN FIBER FINE WITH divided fibrillar structure. APPLY THE INVENTION INCLUDING THE THICKENING FLUIDS.


The advances in Medical Science, Biomedical Engineering, Telecommunication and Information Technology are offering wide opportunities for improved healthcare. Telepsychiatry is the branch of Telemedicine, which allows effective way to increase access to psychiatric care for individuals living in underserved areas. Some areas in Asia have no medical facilities and proper mental healthcare is unavailable. Therefore, online counselling system is required. It can connect patients, psychiatrists, physicians, and other healthcare professionals through live interactive 2 way audio-video communication. This technology offers the best options for delivering healthcare for rural & geographically distant population spread across India and is used to provide patients with second opinion. The paper describes Web Based Counselling System with E-Prescription for Rural INDIA. The windows based system is constructed using Ajax software. The first step involved developing a prototype system; we repeatedly discussed system development with people in charge of a clinic. Next, we conducted a survey in 3 clinics and carried out interviews of 10 patients about the online counselling system; among them 7 patients were regular visitors of respective clinics and 3 patients were the first time visitors. We also discussed and analyzed the interviews


Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of inferior vena cava filter( IVCF)combined with catheter thrombolysis( CDT) in the treatment of patients with deep vein thrombosis.Methods A total of 80 patients with deep vein thrombosis were divided into observation group and control group. The observation group was treated with IVCF combined with CDT,while the control group was treated with conventional anticoagulant therapy. Efficacy was compared and of large,calf circumference difference and venous patency score were analyzed. Results The total effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group( P 0. 05). Large,calf circumference difference and venous patency score decreased significantly in both groups( P 0. 01),and the indexes in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group( P 0. 01). The swelling rates of large,calf legs in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group( P 0. 01),and the thrombolysis rate of affected limbs was significantly higher than the control group( P 0. 01). There were significant differences in incidence rate of hemorrhage and pulmonary embolism between the two groups( P 0. 05). Conclusion IVCF combined with CDT is safe and effective in treatment of deep vein thrombosis,and it can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of patients.


This study revisited the naked green flagellate strain 'Nepal', formerly identified as Dunaliella lateralis Pascher & Jahoda. This strain was concordant with the original description of motile cells, but different in features of the chloroplast morphology, eyespot position and asexual reproduction. Belonging to Oogamochlamydinia, this strain was distinguished from the walled species and another naked species Hapalochloris nozakii Nakada in cell size, ultrastructural features and phylogenetic positions. Based on these features, Gymnomonas nepalensis gen. et sp. nov. is proposed.


The invention discloses a program writing device and a program writing system for use in a DOS (Disk Operating System) for a display and a method thereof. The device comprises a CPU (Central Processing Unit) card, a hard disk and a solid-state disk, wherein the hard disk is taken as a system startup disk of the program writing device; the solid-state disk is taken as a carrier of a locomotive display program; the program writing device is provided with a solid-state disk socket; the solid-state disk socket is connected with the CPU card; the solid-state disk is spliced on the solid-state disk socket; the CPU card is connected with the hard disk; an external removable disk which stores locomotive display program files is used for writing the locomotive display program files into the solid-state disk trough the CPU card. The system further comprises a keyboard, a display and a power supply. According to the program writing device and the system for use in the DOS (Disk Operating System) for the display and the method thereof, the technical problems of low working efficiency, severe product quality problems, high fault rate and low memory capacity existing in the prior art are overcome.


Biotechnology, Computational Biochemistry and Phytomedicine Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Medical Sciences, P. M. B. 536, Ondo, Ondo State, Nigeria Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria Central Research Laboratories Limited, 132B, University Road, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa


The methodology followed in arriving at a systematic approach to the design of annual storage solar space heating systems is described. The refinement and modification of the earlier annual storage solar heating system simulation is discussed. The implementation of the modified program to elucidate the performance and the cost-effectiveness of the system under various conditions is reported and the dynamic interaction among the system components is examined. The initial observed data on the performance of the instrumented annual storage system installed in ''Provident House'', the reference experimental building, are presented. Plans for the continuation of the work are outlined.


Existing disaster studies scholarship tends to uncritically privilege official institutional responses to disasters over bottom-up, community-based reactions and adaptations in the longer term. Meanwhile, the state-recognized disasters mostly exclude socioeconomic and environmental contradictions that generate disasters by making people vulnerable in the first place. Discussion of disaster justice, then, is limited to the immediate state responses to understanding disasters as natural episodes, often incorporating distributive justice into its policy responses. A more spatialized understanding of disaster justice should move beyond these dual limitations—constraints in defining disasters as isolated episodes and in planning for recovery as only emergency responses—and pay attention to the socio-spatial production of risk. This approach would better attend to underlying societal vulnerabilities created through urbanization, in this case, of the indigenous peoples of Taiwan. A spatialized understanding of disaster justice guides this research to attend to both the reoccurring displacements of indigenous people from where their socioeconomic–ecological relations were embedded and the systematic production of risk that has been reinforced and exacerbated by inadequate land use planning. Based on a study of two indigenous groups in Southern Taiwan, Kucapungane and Makazayazaya, this paper explains disaster justice from the indigenous context wrought by multiple expropriations and displacements from the 1930s onwards. This paper plans to do two things: First, it will investigate bottom-up responses to a series of historical disaster-driven migration/urbanization through theories of community resilience. Secondly, it will expand understanding of "disasters" by taking into account the state-led relocation projects as human-made disasters and examine how they have contributed to the vulnerability of the indigenous communities under climate change. It will contribute to a better understanding of disaster justice that overcomes the dual limitations and opens up opportunities for alternative research and practices.


The study of hemodynamic a. profunda linguae has been performed by using ultrasound research in regime of grey scale ultrasound, color Doppler mapping of bloodstream and pulsed wave Doppler in 49 patients with glossodynia aged from 46 to 65 years old compared with 42 healthy young people of control group. Established substantial deteriorating of linear (V max, TAMAX, Ri, S/D) and volumetric (СО, Pi) parameters of the Doppler spectrum in patients with glossodiniya have testified about the decrease in the intensity of intraorganic circulation and indicates the need for its correction in treatment.


The focus of this paper is to investigate the damage characteristics and protective structure design of pontoons as an important barrier for the protection of ports. Two types of protective measures of pontoons are investigated:filling tanks with water and installing springs in tanks. In this paper, the damage characteristics of two types of pontoon side structures under the action of near-field explosion loads are simulated by using LS-DYNA explicit dynamic analysis software and the ALE algorithm. According to the numerical experiment results for filling different volumes of water in the side tanks, the volume of water for the minimum deformation of the shell plate is 100%, and for the first longitudinal bulkhead, it is 30-40%. Moreover, by applying weights to their deformations based on the actual explosion-proof performance requirements of the shell plate and the first longitudinal bulkhead, the pontoon side structure with the best explosion-proof performance can be obtained. The plastic deformation of the pontoon structure equipped with different types of springs is an order of magnitude smaller than that of the ordinary structure and of the pontoon structure filled with a water medium in the positive tanks. The explosive shock wave energy absorbed by the pontoon is effectively reduced by the addition of water or springs to the protective tanks. The minimum energy absorbed by the pontoon structure with water added in the protective tanks is 18.31% of the energy absorbed by the ordinary structure, and the corresponding volume ratio of water added in the protective tanks is 100%. The pontoon structure with springs in the side protection tanks absorbs only 7.2% of the energy absorbed by the ordinary structure. Both new side protection structures have demonstrated excellent explosion-proof performance.


The research progress on the effect of UV-B radiation on substance metabolism in plants was summaried.The effects of UV-B radiation on material metabolish were discussed involving nucleic acid,protein,water,growth regulating substance and UV-absorption compounds metabolism effect of enhanced UV-B radiation.Some issues worthy to be studied on this field in the future were also expected.


Electrochemical synthesis of 2-phenylamino-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazoles have been carried out in good yields at platinum electrode through the electrochemical oxidation of acyl thiosemicarbazide at room temperature in acetic acid. Two platinum electrodes in the form of square plates were used as working as well as counter electrode and saturated calomel electrode was used as reference electrode. The structure of the compounds was confirmed by IR, NMR, mass spectral and elemental analyses. The antibacterial activity of the derivatives was also assessed and compared with data against a series of Gram-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Gramnegative bacteria Streptococcus aureus and Bascillus subtilis. The antifungal activity was assessed against the fungal strain Aspergillus niger, Crysosporium pannical, Pellicularia solmanicolor and Candida albicans and compared against the standard antifungal drug Griesvofulvin.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(1): 75-83, 2019 (June)


Since the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Communist states of Eastern Europe, there have been few attempts to decollectivize agriculture in these regions except where forces originating outside agriculture have tried to destroy the collective system, and resistance has sprung up whenever the idea has been raised. This absence of pressure for decollectivization has been puzzling to Western readers nurtured on "worst case" depictions of Soviet agriculture. But after the death of Stalin and the reversal of the agricultural management policies of his period, the collective farm became relatively successful both as an economic and as a social institution in Eastern Europe.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.


Western observers sometimes shockingly reduce Chinese Aid to Africa to a way of securing access to natural resources. A closer look does not only reveal that China's disbursement of Aid to the continent is relatively unrelated to natural resources, but also that it fills exactly the areas that Western aid has increasingly neglected: Infrastructure, industrialization and manufacturing. Chinese and Western aid work but in many ways can be seen as complementing rather than competing. Western aid since the 1980s focuses almost exclusively on basic social needs, while China's Aid to Africa is more based on industrial cooperation. The tools, such as preferential loans, that China uses hereby are often similar to what has been successful when China was in the role of the Aid recipient. Aid should therefore not be seen as a philanthropic one way transfer, but part of a mutually beneficial strategy that uses policy to channel investment into areas in which they are needed most. There is a fine line between aid and business, but in its relations with Africa today, China is well aware that at home it was not aid that lifted 200 million people out of poverty. Key words: Chinese Aid, industrial cooperation, basic social needs, structural adjustments, development sustainability.


Brian Schrag and Kathleen J. Van Buren, Make Arts for a Better Life: A Guide for Working with Communities. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2018, 352 pp., $35. ISBN: 9780190878283 (pbk.); 9780190878276 (hardcover).


We investigate a broad family of stochastically modeled reaction networks by looking at their stationary distributions. Most known results on stationary distributions assume weak reversibility and ...


The projection exposure method for exposing a substrate disposed in a region of the image plane 7 of the objective lens 6 and, in a projection exposure system for executing these methods, and alignment in the substrate, an output emission that has an output polarization state is generated do. By the help of at least one polarization manipulation device (40, 50, 60, 70, 80) adjusting the output polarization state variable, the output polarization state can be formed so as to approach a nominal output polarization state. The polarization operation is polarization-is performed in the control loop based on the optical measurement data.


The possible existence of life beyond Earth has been the subject of speculation, debate, and science fiction for centuries. As of the 1970s, the search for such life was finally restricted to microbes, the most likely forms that might be found. In two previous Forum articles (ASM News, June 1997, p. 296–297, and December 2005, p. 560–561), I reviewed (i) the 1976 Viking mission experiments designed to make direct tests for living microbes on Mars, and (ii) the 1996 claims of NASA scientists that they had obtained evidence for past microbial life on Mars in the form of microfossils in a Martian meteorite. The NASA assertions unleashed an unprecedented media frenzy.


Single-crystalline dandelion-like β-MnO2 three-dimensional microstructures have been successfully prepared for the first time via a simple hydrothermal process based on the direct reaction between Mn(NO3)2 and H2O2. H2O2 plays an important role in the formation of the dandelion-like morphology. The formation mechanism of the dandelion-like nanostructures was investigated and discussed based on the experimental results. Magnetic measurements show that the Néel temperature of the as-obtained product is 100 K, which is about 6 K higher than that of the corresponding bulk β-MnO2 crystals.


Objective: This study aimed to identify the correlates of perceived stress (PS) in a sample of first-year dental undergraduates in Western Australia.

Methods: All dental undergraduates who just completed the first-year study at the University of Western Australia (UWA) in 2005 were invited to participate (n=46). Each completed a supervised questionnaire.

Results: The participation rate was 87.0%. Those first-year dental undergraduates who were male (p=0.053, B=4.223, 95% CI=-0.063, 8.509), smoked tobacco at present (p=0.038, B=7.392, 95% CI=0.447, 14.337), perceived being intimidated by tutors/lecturers in previous month (p<0.001, B=9.262, 95% CI=4.431, 14.093), or who felt less satisfied with their decision to study dentistry (p=0.005, B=-4.005, 95% CI=-6.686, -1.323), reported higher total scores for PS.

Conclusions: PS in first-year dental undergraduates in UWA is related to a wide range of factors. Future investigations need to identify a range of strategies for managing PS from the students' and tutors' perspectives.


Experimental work on the correlation of optical coefficients to laser backscatter have been performed to provide a foundation for the development of laser based optical oceanographic instrumentation. Results of these ccsrrelations with the beam attenuation, ablsorption, scattering , and diffuse at.tenuation coefficients will be presented. Also, a comparison of the experimental data with salient models is gi.ven.


It has been recently shown that the eigenvalues of the Dirac operator can be considered as dynamical variables of Euclidean gravity. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possiblity that the eigenvalues of the Dirac operator might play the same role in the case of supergravity. It is shown that for this purpose some primary constraints on covariant phase space as well as secondary constraints on the eigenspinors must be imposed. The validity of primary constraints under covariant transport is further analyzed. It is show that in the this case restrictions on the tanget bundle and on the spinor bundle of spacetime arise. The form of these restrictions is determined under some simplifying assumptions. It is also shown that manifolds with flat curvature of tangent bundle and spinor bundle and spinor bundle satisfy these restrictons and thus they support the Dirac eigenvalues as global observables.


Although obesity‐associated metabolic abnormalities (insulin resistance‐IR) may not play as marked a role in determining left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (DD) as hypertension, the impact of combinations of these risk factors on DD is unknown.


1. HPP records the details of the suspected case/outbreak on PHE database (HPZone) including the name and contact details (including email addresses) of the person reporting the case/outbreak, contact details of the residential care home manager and designated residential care home GP (if role exists) and information about the residential care home and the number of people affected (including members of staff).


AbstractThe authors designed this analysis to serve as a tool for use in the study of growth and development of the craniomandibular articulation. It integrates an examination of the morphology and function of the temporomandibular joint with dento-skeletal characteristics according to pre-established cephalometric norms. The experimental sample consisted of 30 dental students with normal occlusions. Gnathologic principles, a tomographic study, cephalometric x-rays, submental vertex views, and temporomandibular joint space analysis were all correlated to provide a thorough and detailed approach to study of the joint.


5-Fu slow-release seeds were implanted weekly to 20 patients of advanced esophageal and cardiac carcinoma under endoscopic injection therapy for two weeks,then the changes of the tumor size and narrow degree were compared before and after the treatment.The tumor size reduced and the narrow degree decreased after the treatment,and there was on obvious adverse reaction.Implantation of 5-Fu slow-release under endoscopy is one kind of effective palliative treatment with little adverse reaction and good resistance for the patients of advanced esophageal and cardiac carcinoma stricture who are reluctant to accept or can't tolerate the surgical operation.


Schwartz's value inventory is compared to conceptual and-or figurative criteria of chromatism that has allowed to reveal reproduced principles of construction of models of intelligence and values. It is shown, that this reproducibility included both contrasts of creative values, and gender (socio-psychological) characteristics of men and women.


In MAPGIS software application,when arrow quantification line has a function to be called "the interactive arrow quantification",has some problems in the application,through to its good and bad points contrast,provides the method which may choose,causes the colleagues to use facilitates quickly completes the graph the arrow quantification process.


Chapter 7 considers the difficulties with the meaning of equality and non-discrimination in the CRPD and what this means for the call for the abolition of mental health law. These difficulties include determining the equality of what, equality with respect to whom and finding an appropriate comparator, determining whether involuntary detention and treatment is a benefit or detriment, and how to address the difference and sameness of persons with mental impairments. Specifically, whether the difference between persons with and without mental impairments is real and whether supported decision-making is sufficient to make persons with mental impairments equal to those without disabilities. It also introduces and discusses the third limb of the interpretive compass, the right to participation. It argues that the right to participation is a right for persons with disabilities and their organizations to be consulted with in good faith about policy and individual health decisions and for their views to be taken seriously. It does not mean that States Parties have to do everything persons with disabilities want, nor is it a power of veto. That said, States Parties should probably implement the wishes of persons with disabilities unless there is a good reason not to. Even so, the right to participation raises a number of difficulties in determining whether disabled persons organizations are sufficiently representative of their constituents and all persons with disabilities generally, including those with intersecting identities.