Background: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is one of the most common interventional proceduresused worldwide to treat coronary artery disease. Despite patient expectations of the immediate benefits ofCABG, some symptoms persist for weeks after hospital discharge, compromising the ability to return to apre-surgery functional status.Objective: the study aims to evaluate the effect of educational guidelines on lifestyle modification andclinical outcomes for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting' surgery.Method: A quasi-experimental design was utilized for the study. A purposive sample of 60 patientsundergoing coronary artery bypass grafting' surgery.Results: There were highly statistically significant differences between the control and the study groupsubjects regarding a satisfactory level of total knowledge post implementation the educational guidelinesat P value < 0.001,while there were highly statistically differences between the control and the study groupsubjects regarding the lifestyle behaviors post implementation of the educational guidelines at P< 0.001.Moreover there were statistically significant difference regarding total outcomes among control and studygroup subjects post educational guidelines.Conclusion: Implementation of the educational guidelines has highly significant positive effect on lifestylemodification and clinical outcomes for the studied patients undergoing CABG surgery


This paper has investigated the effect of adding nitrogen enriched vanadium alloy (Nitrovan 12) in 20MnSi steel on the mechanical properties of the steels The results show that, under the same level of vanadium content, the tensile strength of the N enhanced steels added Nitrovan 12 increases by 135 MPa and the yield strength increases by 117 5 MPa compared to the steels added 80 % FeV Under the same level of strength, the saving in vanadium consumption is over 33 3 % by using Nitrovan 12 compared to 80 % FeV The experimental results indicated clearly that nitrogen is an effective alloy element for vanadium bearing steel Nitrogen promotes precipitation of V(C,N) in V bearing steel and improves effect of precipitation strengthening of V Based on the research results, an economic grade Ⅲ reinfircing bars has been developed


To celebrate 10 years of the Silver Bullet podcast, security systems expert Marcus Ranum interviewed Silver Bullet host and creator Gary McGraw about the Internet of Things, software security, cyberwarfare, and more.


Wind power plants are one of the most widespread sources of electric energy during the last few decades. Wind towers are quite often exposed to lightning strikes due to their tall height and long blades. In this paper, the lightning-induced voltages (LIVs) on a three-phase overhead line are computed for both first and subsequent strokes to a nearby grounded wind tower using the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method with homogeneous and horizontally stratified grounds. The horizontal electric fields are computed on the line and on the ground surface considering the transient grounding and characteristic impedances of the struck wind tower. The impact of the existence of wind tower on LIVs and horizontal electric fields is illustrated by removing the tower (i.e., return stroke to the ground surface). Finally, the influence of ground permittivity on the peak values of LIVs is investigated.


117 Abstract— Mathematics is very important for an increasing number of technical jobs in a quantitative world. Over recent years technology has progressed to the point where many computer algebraic systems (CAS) are widely available. These technologies can perform a wide variety of algebraic manipulations.Computer algebra systems (CAS) have become powerful and flexible tools to support a variety of mathematical activities. This includes learning and teaching, research and assessment. MATLAB, an acronym for "Matrix Laboratory", is the most extensively used mathematical software in the general sciences. MATLAB is an interactive system for numerical computation and a programmable system. This paper attempts to investigate the impact of integrating mathematical modeling and applications on higher level mathematics in India. In this paper we also establish a link between three computational techniques using MATLAB.


Abstract Background Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but life-threatening disorder resulting from dysregulated cytokine production. The diagnosis of HLH requires five of eight abnormalities: fever, splenomegaly, bicytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia and/or hypofibrinogenemia, hyperferritinemia, hemophagocytosis on biopsy, low or absent NK cell activity, or elevated soluble CD25. The link between Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and HLH is incompletely understood; we sought to further define the characteristics and outcomes of this patient population. Methods We performed a retrospective study on HLH patients with and without concurrent HIV infection treated at our institution from January 2008 to July 2018. At the time of HLH diagnosis, we extracted data on the HIV status and associated malignancies. The primary outcome was overall survival from time of diagnosis of HLH in patients with HIV vs. those without HIV. Secondary analysis was performed with survival by HIV and malignancy status. Survival was analyzed by Kaplan–Meier curves with hazard ratios calculated using the log-rank test with significance set at P ≤ 0.05. Results Forty-three patients were included; 11 had HIV at the time of diagnosis of HLH and all met criteria for AIDS at time of inclusion. Patients with HIV who were diagnosed with HLH had similar survival compared with patients without HIV (Hazard ratio for death (HR) 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37–2.904]). All patients with malignancy had a worse survival (HR for death 3.648 [95% CI 1.804–9.169] P = 0.0009), regardless of HIV status. HLH in HIV patients with malignancy resulted in a trend toward worse survival (HR = 3.86 95% CI 1.09–22.60, P = 0.0578) compared with those without malignancy, although the limited number of patients prohibits a definitive conclusion. In HIV-negative patients, the presence of malignancy is associated with worse survival (HR 3.56 [95% CI 1.475–10.11] P = 0.0063). Conclusion In this retrospective, single-institution review of HLH patients, HIV was not associated with worse overall survival compared with patients without HIV. The presence of malignancy resulted in worse survival in the overall population. Further investigation is needed to optimize the care of these patients. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


Familiar with the structure of belt conveyor, function and working principle of each component, a comprehensive grasp of the working principle of the belt conveyer, study its power supply system, electric principle, research on mine soft starter starting process, control process. Using the location of the underground coal mine fully mechanized coal face, the general mining working face,heading face, concentrated transportation line. The equipment maintenance, maintenance of electrical system, rotating parts lubrication and maintenance, parts and maintenance are discussed in detail.


Many types of research appear to show that communication barriers and a bad relationship between teachers and parents can hinder the development of behavioral skills and cognitive capacities that enable some individuals to put their moral habits into their life. Teachers' and parents' common aim is to create in young people attitudes consistent with the given system of values. This article is a theoretical overview of the issues related to the family-school partnership about Virtue Development, on the basis of which the authors proposed a conceptual model of an interdependent and interrelated relationship between teachers and parents and demonstrated how the inclusion of parents, students and teachers in broadly understood activities for the benefit of others (people, animals, nature, etc.) is particularly valuable from the point of view of moral development in Polish schools.


Neural networks have seen a surge in applications ranging image recognition, time series prediction, and image captioning among others. The task of image captioning combines two fields of machine learning - computer vision and natural language processing. Several works have been done for image captioning in dominant languages like English and Mandarin with impressive results. The challenge, however, increases for Nepali, a language with a complex grammatical structure. With inherently complex grammar, inputting an image and generating the description of the image in Nepali with correct grammar is hard to achieve. Also, a standard data set does not exist for such tasks in Nepali. This work on image captioning in Nepali is the first of its kind that establishes a baseline for tasks of this sort and aims to encourage other researchers to pursue this line of research. For this, it makes public the data set that was generated during this process so as to provide a standard data set for future works. This work builds on top of the model proposed by [24] and generates image descriptions in Nepali. Describing the contents of an image in Nepali has several applications. Additionally, this work serves as a gateway to more challenging problems such as a video descriptor system and image search for search engines in Nepali. This work utilizes two encoder-decoder architectures, one with visual attention and another without visual attention. We empirically show the loss and perplexity of model performances using different optimizers. The captions generated are agreeable and coherent with the images in general and leave room for improvements in the future.


The status quo of wind power generation technologies was presented,and the features of distributed wind power generation,its current research and development prospects,and the main types of distributed wind power generation were analyzed.The economy of applying small wind power for villa users surrounding cities was analyzed.


The plant drug "Wang Pu Liu Hsing"(王不留行)has been used in Chinese medicine since ancient times and was first described in"Sheng Nung Pen Ts'ao Ching"(神农本草经).In the later Chinese herbals,the drug is represented by several plants of different botanical origin.At present,this drug sold in the market is also of great confusion regarding its botanical origin.The attempt of this paper is to clarify the confused state about the names,botanical origin and sources of this drug in the Chinese market.The material on hand consists of thirty five specimens of commercial drugs collected from thirty one cities and districts distributing among seventeen provinces in this country.It is found that there are twelve species of different plants belonging to seven genera and seven families although all bear the same name"Wang Pu Liu Hsing".Vaccaria pyramidata Medic,is the commonest one sold in the drug market.On a critical study of the ancient herbals concerning this drug,it is obvious that the one mentioned by Li Shih-Chen(李时珍)(1522—1596)in his distinguished work"Pen Ts'ao Kang Mu"(本草纲目)should be adopted as the correct one,because his description of this herb can be definitely referred to the plant Vaccaria pyramidata Medic."Sheng Nung Pen Ts'ao Ching"(神农本草经),which first gave the name"Wang Pu Liu Hsing",gives only a very brief account on the drug through which no determination can be readily made.The sources of drug and part of plant used for medicine of the twelve species hereto known as"Wang Pu Liu Hsing"are tabulated as follows: Except in five procinces in south and south-western China,the drug sold under this name in the other provinces are all in seeds.It is interesting to note that these"Wang Pu Liu Hsing"seeds are of two types—the pure type and the mixed type.The former consisits only the seeds of Vaccaria pyramidata,and the latter consists of Vaccaria seeds mixed with those of different species of Vicia.This is due to the ignorance on the part of the drug-collectors who being unaware of the identity of the genuine species of"Wang Pu Liu Hsing",indiscriminately collect Vicia seeds,together with Vaccaria seeds,since these plants usually grow together in the wheat field.


In the past 10 years from 1998 to 2008,the main contents of research on effective teaching in China are its meaning,its characteristics,its standards and its strategy.Although the research acquires a great success,but the concept is still vague,the relationship between the theme is ambiguous,and the research focus on universal theory of effective teaching and the methods of research is unitary.Thus,future research should clarify the basic issues,and integrate a number of ways to do research work.


The Empirical Model of Global Climate (EM-GC) (Canty et al., ACP, 2013, McBride et al., ESDD, 2020) is a multiple linear regression, energy balance model that accounts for the natural influences on global mean surface temperature due to ENSO, the 11-year solar cycle, major volcanic eruptions, as well as the anthropogenic influence of greenhouse gases and aerosols and the efficiency of ocean heat uptake. First, we will analyze the human contribution of global warming from 1975-2014 based on the climate record, also known as the attributable anthropogenic warming rate (AAWR). We will compare the values of AAWR found using the EM-GC with values of AAWR from the CMIP6 multi-model ensemble. Preliminary analysis indicates that over the past three decades, the human component of global warming inferred from the CMIP6 GCMs is larger than the human component of warming from the climate record. Second, we will compare values of equilibrium climate sensitivity inferred from the historical climate record to those determined from CMIP6 GCMs using the Gregory et al., GRL, 2004 method. Third, we will use the future abundances of greenhouse gases and aerosols provided by the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) to project future global mean surface temperature change. We will compare the projections of future temperature anomalies from CMIP6 GCMs to those determined by the EM-GC. We will conclude by assessing the probability of the CMIP6 and EM-GC projections of achieving the Paris Agreement target (1.5°C) and upper limit (2.0°C) for several of the SSP scenarios.


PurposeThe purpose of this paper was to explore the underlying mechanism of the relationship between psychological safety and performance.Design/methodology/approachA serial multiple mediation model that explains the impact of psychological safety on performance via job crafting and thriving at work was proposed and tested using PROCESS macro (Model 6). Data were collected from 320 employees at three different large Korean organizations.FindingsThe results of this study found that job crafting and thriving at work sequentially mediate the relationship between psychological safety and performance. However, the direct effect of psychological safety on performance was found to be nonsignificant. Put differently, psychological safety is unrelated to performance independent of the effects of job crafting and thriving at work.Originality/valueThe present study theoretically contributes to psychological safety research by proposing and testing a serial mediation model that explores the underlying mechanism of the relationship between psychological safety and performance in detail. Practically, this study informs managers about the importance of ensuring a psychologically safe workplace environment and encouraging employees' proactive behaviors to enhance their performance and ability to thrive at work.


In this paper, we consider a dual-hop multicasting multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) relay system where multiple transmitters multicast their own messages to a group of receivers with the aid of a relay node, and all nodes are equipped with multiple antennas. We aim at minimizing the maximal MSE of the signal waveform estimation among all receivers subjecting to power constraints at the transmitters and the relay node. We propose a low complexity solution for the problem under some mild approximation. In particular, we show that under (moderately) high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) assumption, the min-max optimization problem can be solved using the semidefinite programming (SDP) technique. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


This study aims at fabrication and characterization of two different structures of electrically conductive polyamide 6/multi-wall carbon nanotube nanocomposite films at different multi-wall carbon nanotube concentrations including electrospun nanofibrous and cast films. Morphology, embedded multi-wall carbon nanotubes into nanofiber, thermal behavior, electrical conductivity and wettability of films were characterized. Scanning electron microscopy images depicted that the nanofiber diameter decreased with increased nanofillers. Enhancement of crystallinity, electrical and tensile properties, and simultaneously achieving a low percolation threshold confirmed good nanotube dispersion by employing a polymeric emulsifier, polyvinylpyrrolidone. The electrospun film crystalline content increased 18.5% and the cast ones increased 46.8% at 7 wt.% multi-wall carbon nanotubes loading. The electrospun and cast membrane electrical conductivity increased by 10 and 12 orders of magnitude. These results demonstrated higher values compared to previously reported data for polyamide 6/multi-wall carbon nanotube nanocomposites. The electrospun film Young's modulus increased 93% and that of casted one increased 267%, due to the increased crystallinity after adding carbon nanotubes into the films.


In order to decrease the morbidity and mortality caused by seasonal influenza outbreaks, several hundred million vaccine doses are produced worldwide each year. The predominant substrate for the production of the influenza vaccine today is fertilized hen's eggs. The substitution of the technology based on living organisms by the cell culture-based process offers many advantages, including easier scalability and reduced dependence on the availability of eggs. The African green monkey kidney and Madin Darby canine kidney cell lines support the efficient growth of influenza viruses of different subtypes and, therefore, are considered to be the two most promising alternative substrates for the production of the human influenza vaccine. However, the pH of endosomes in both of these cell lines is higher than the pH essential for triggering a conformational change of the hemagglutinin (HA) of human influenza viruses, which enables the viral-cellular membrane fusion. This mismatch gives rise to mutations in the HA that lead to an increase of the optimum pH of HA conformational change. As of a result of these mismatches, the HA, and consequently the whole virus, has reduced stability to low pH and elevated temperatures. The production of a vaccine from less stable virus will lead to an elevated HA content in the low pH conformation that can affect the safety, potency, infectivity, and protective efficacy of the final inactivated and live attenuated influenza vaccines. The main limitations of the cell line-based influenza vaccine technology and the possibilities to preserve the viral stability over the course of influenza vaccine production are discussed in the review.


Johnson discusses selected paintings produced during the 30-year period in which Eyre taught (1960-1993). In an interview, Eyre discusses his teaching career at the University of Manitoba School of Art. Biographical notes. 2 bibl. ref.


This article introduced the features and practicality of the traditional floor structure and In-site concrete slab hollow floor structure.Based on the design of one high-rise building,it was compared the traditional floor structure with in-site concrete slab hollow floor structure on economical aspect and social benefit.It clarified that developping in-site concrete slab hollow floor structure in industrial and civil buildings has broad economic and social benefit.


effort to find 'natural law in the spiritual world.' He does a far more effective thing; he shows how science is incompetent to deal with the whole of reality, or with any reality save in "symbols". It thus leaves the realm of the spirit to be dealt with in its own proper way and with its own technique of personality; and here we get behind our symbols and come to reality in more direct fashion. His method is not at all that of allocating knowledge and ,culture to compartments-a really vicious procedure much in vogue with apologists. Rather he distinguishes sense-perception, experience from the experiencing subject as also from the realm of spiritual awareness. I do not use his terminology but I think I report 'his procedure. It is one I am trying to pursue. He gives me great he1p and I am persuaded many will give 'him thanks. W. O. CARVER.


This is a true, but disguised, account of a young OR-type who found that a hospital didn't need to build a $10 million parking garage. But his findings scrubbed his supervisor's pet project and uncovered an even more difficult problem that he was assigned to solve.


counters new challenges on economic, legislative, and competitive fronts. &dquo;We are saturating the market with the same old products.... We are going to be challenged not by our competition but by our customers,&dquo; warned Thomas Haas, publication director of Nation's Restaurant News, which sponsored the conference. William Siegel's succinct prescription: &dquo;We've got to start working smarter, rather than [just] hard.&dquo;


The questions of whether and how FIRST. and LAST. BY variable SAS ® DATA step processing can be emulated in SQL qualify as FAQs: frequently asked questions. We begin with an overview of terminology and explain the different environments involved. Then we cover the common approaches to this issue. #1: if the data rows are uniquely ordered by existing variable(s), those can be used to support emulation. #2: in SAS PROC SQL, DATA step views can be used to inject the values of FIRST. and LAST. BY variables; alternately the undocumented SAS function monotonic() can be used to inject a row number into the data, which can be used in approach #1. However as the order of pull can change from run to run in SQL, the results with monotonic() are not reproducible, hence problematic for data validation and audits. #3: most other SQL dialects have non-standard SQL extensions that will supply a row number; again the order of pull can change from run to run. Then we discuss whether this type of emulation makes sense; that is why the article title includes a question mark (?). We discuss some non-SQL alternatives, and specify the very narrow contexts where the emulation is reasonable. Finally, we note that DS2 supports BY, FIRST., LAST. processing and it can run in-database, making it a possible alternative to SQL and the DATA step. PREVIOUS DISCUSSIONS The topic re: how to emulate FIRST. and/or LAST. BY variable SAS ® DATA step processing in SQL has been discussed numerous times in the past, including:  Multiple times on the SAS-L mailing list in the period 1996-2013;  On the SAS Support Communities website in 2009;  In a recent paper by Kirk Lafler (2017). On SAS-L, some of the individuals who have commented on this issue include: Paul Dorfman, Michael Raithel, Ian Whitlock, Sigurd Hermansen, Mark Terjeson, and others. This paper provides an overview of the concepts involved and describes some of the proposed solutions; we also discuss the constraints on the various solutions. Code snippets and pseudo-code are provided; however no specific examples are given here as the intent is to discuss the topic on a conceptual level. In the next section, we begin by clarifying terminology, followed by an overview of the different environments.


This work was originally published as Segovia, Fernando F. 1998. "The Postmodern Bible: The Bible and Culture Collective." Catholic Biblical Quarterly 60 (1): 137 - 39.


According to World Bank and Egmont Group data, the financial intelligence units (FIUs) in at least 79 jurisdictions are authorized to postpone suspicious transactions related to money laundering, associated predicate offenses, terrorist financing, and or other criminal offenses. In response to a growing demand for reliable information about the legal and operational arrangements, and about practices and challenges relevant to the use of FIU power, the World Bank and the Egmont Group decided in March 2011 to carry out a joint study of FIUs to gather more information. This report presents the results of the study, which shows the existence of a wide range of practices and arrangements, and some gaps or omissions, in respect of a number of important aspects of the FIU power to postpone suspicious transactions. The study also indicates that only a relatively small proportion of FIUs with the power to postpone suspicious transactions are regular users of the power, while a substantial number have not used the power at all during the three-year period covered by the study, or have done so infrequently. This report presents a number of recommendations to help FIU practitioners and policy makers establish or strengthen effective legal and operational mechanisms for the postponement of suspicious transactions, while taking into account the international FIU standards, and the rule of law, in order to ensure that the fundamental rights of all those concerned are effectively protected. The recommendations highlight issues and associated risks identified during the study and are meant, among other things, to facilitate the development of training and technical assistance initiatives in regard to the use of the FIU power to postpone suspicious transactions. Finally, this report includes a number of sanitized cases provided by FIUs, and, where possible, examples of FIU legal and practical arrangements related to several recommendations. In addition, appendix D provides a template for a postponement order or notice, which FIUs may wish to use as guidance when drafting postponement orders.


Purpose of research: search and analysis of existing models of gas-sensitive sensors. Development of mathematical models of gas-sensitive sensors of various types (semiconductor, thermocatalytic, optical, electrochemical) for their subsequent use in the training of artificial neural networks (INS). Investigation of main physicochemical patterns underlying the principles of sensor operation, consideration of the influence of environmental factors and cross-sensitivity on the sensor output signal. Comparison of simulation results with actual characteristics produced by the sensor industry. The concept of creating mathematical models is described. Their parameterization, research and assessment of adequacy are carried out.Methods. Numerical methods, computer modeling methods, electrical circuit theory, the theory of chemosorption and heterogeneous catalysis, the Freundlich and Langmuir equations, the Buger-Lambert-Behr law, the foundations of electrochemistry were used in creating mathematical models. Standard deviation (MSE) and relative error were calculated to assess the adequacy of the models.Results. The concept of creating mathematical models of sensors based on physicochemical patterns is described. This concept allows the process of data generation for training artificial neural networks used in multi-component gas analyzers for the purpose of joint information processing to be automated. Models of semiconductor, thermocatalytic, optical and electrochemical sensors were obtained and upgraded, considering the influence of additional factors on the sensor signal. Parameterization and assessment of adequacy and extrapolation properties of models by graphical dependencies presented in technical documentation of sensors were carried out. Errors (relative and RMS) of discrepancy of real data and results of simulation of gas-sensitive sensors by basic parameters are determined. The standard error of reproduction of the main characteristics of the sensors did not exceed 0.5%.Conclusion. Multivariable mathematical models of gas-sensitive sensors are synthesized, considering the influence of main gas and external factors (pressure, temperature, humidity, cross-sensitivity) on the output signal and allowing to generate training data for sensors of various types.


Poisonous elements such as lead (Pb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) are commonly observed in polluted soil but hard to detect due to low concentration. Currently, the quantitative content of elements can be determined by an x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer if the limit of detection (LOD) is known. However, to ensure that elements with extremely low content can be detected, the LOD needs to be reduced and determined. Firstly, the authors utilized the traditional method detection limit (MDL) formula to calculate the LOD for benchmark purposes. Secondly, in order to improve the signal to noise ratios of the characteristic peaks, the wavelet threshold denoising method and iterative discrete wavelet transform algorithm were utilized for spectral denoising and background noises deduction of XRF spectra based on 57 certified reference soil samples. Thirdly, a novel Adaboost back propagation neural network model was proposed to reduce and determine the values of LOD. The results showed that the LODs of trace elements determined from the proposed algorithm decreased greatly compared to the traditional MDL method. Finally, the calibration curve of elemental concentration versus counting rate was established and regressed using the proposed multivariate partial least squares model. The goodness of fit (R 2) was significantly increased. Therefore, the proposed algorithm is effective to determine the LOD and can yield optimal performance in instrument calibration of trace elements in soil.


We consider an L-user multiple access channel where transmitter m has access to the linear equation um = ⊕l=1L fmlwl of independent messages wl ∈ Fpkl with fml ∈ Fp, and the destination wishes to recover all L messages. This problem may be motivated as the last hop in a network where relay nodes employ the compute-and-forward strategy and decode linear equations of messages; we seek to do the reverse and extract messages from sums over a multiple access channel. In particular, we exploit the particular form of dependencies between the equations at the different relays to improve the reliable communication rates beyond those achievable by simply forwarding all equations to the destination independently. The presented achievable rate region for the discrete memoryless channel model is shown to be capacity for the additive white Gaussian noise channel.


This paper evaluates progress made under ESAF-supported programs in attaining external viability, restoring economic growth, and implementing structural reforms. Performance is evaluated for 19 countries that entered ESAF arrangements by mid-1992, against the background of their initial conditions, external environment, and implementation of structural and macroeconomic policies.


Sun Shao-zhen's prose theory developed a school of his own with original and unique characteristic just like his unique aethetics of literature and art and humorous theory.He was engaged in theoreticlal frame about the aesthetic standards of prose proceeding from literature feature and three-dimensional structure of literary image.Sun Shao-zhen concluded the aesthetic standards of prose and gave today's prose a scientific name and classification by comparing prose with poems according to microcosmic analysis about a vast amount classical and representative text.He expanded a new field of prose research and analysed a lot of popular problems and focal point about it precisely.All these play an important part in promoting prose creation and research,regulating the irregularity of prose.


Museum is a non-profit organization to serve and build society that is open to the public. Museums are responsible to collect, conserve, investigate, communicate, and display human heritage and its environment, both tangible and intangible, for the purpose of education, research, and pleasure. According to the data published by the government in 2020, there are 439 museums in Indonesia. However, only 32 museums are included as Type A (Excellent). Meanwhile, almost 50% of the rest of the museums are yet to be evaluated. Despite the rapid growth in the number of museums in recent years, this data indicates the lack of design, management, and supervision of museums in Indonesia. This research is qualitative and descriptive research that observes a number of museums in major cities to identify general problems of museum's design and management. The result is evaluated through common practice of international museums as well as encompassing regulations. This research categorizes these problems into infrastructure and spatial design, narrative and curatorial, and pedagogy and visitor's interaction. With the cultural diversity and abundance of natural resources in Indonesia, proper design and management could maximize museum's potential as means of conserving humanity's heritage, informal education, recreation, as well as driving economic and cultural-tourism activities.


The publication of the revised Consumer Price Index (CPI) by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) in February, 1978 marked the culmination of the most complex and extensive revision of the CPI since its origination during World War I. Virtually every aspect of the CPI methodology was reviewed, analyzed, and improved as part of the revision effort. Two new indexes were actually produced. One for the urban wage and clerical worker population corresponding to the unrevised CPI, and one for the all urban population. Ideally each CPI would have as inputs the total set of prices, placed in one-to-one correspondence to the total set of purchases of all members of the index family population. However, the magnitude of these variables and the constraints of time and cost will not permit the achievement of this ideal. Thus, a complex and multi-faceted sampling scheme was designed and employed to produce the revised CPI. The subject of this paper is the within outlet sampling techniques which were employed to determine the specific items to be priced in each sample outlet. This is the final stage of the CPI sampling scheme. The new techniques employed for within outlet item sample selection constitute one of the areas of major improvement in the CPI methodology. For the first time, multi-stage probability sampling techniques are employed to select the items for pricing within the sample outlets. With this new methodology, each item available in a given sample outlet and included in the general category of items assigned for pricing in that outlet is given a probability of selection proportional to its sales in the outlet. Each brand, variety, size, style, model, etc., of the items available for pricing is given a chance of selection proportional to its importance to the total sales in the outlet. Thus, the selection of the specific items priced for the CPI is keyed to the sales experience of each sample outlet. Since the within outlet sampling methodology does not differ by population, the population distinction will be omitted from the discussion of this portion of the CPI sampling scheme. Before presenting the within outlet sampling methodology, we will briefly discuss the selection of the general categories of items comprising the CPI market baskets and the selection of the outlet samples of the CPI. This discussion will provide the reader with an understanding of how the within outlet sampling methodology fits into the overall CPI sampling scheme. In addition, a brief discription of the within outlet sampling procedures for the unrevised CPI is provided for comparison with the new methodology. CONSUMER EXPENDITURES SURVEY AND ENTRY LEVEL ITEM SAMPLING


Peer victimization is a common practice prevailing in schools. Many researchers found that peer victimization occurs due to lack of proper supervision or guidance to the victim. Researchers found that peer victimization affect more to the learning disability children groups. Children with learning disability were easily targeted and were victimized by their peers when compared with the children without learning disability. Social support is thus necessary to reduce the impact of peer victimization and helps the children to fight against the problem of victimization. To keep this in view current study focussed to investigate the influence of social support on the peer victimization among learning disable students. In this study a sample of 40 learning disabled children (18 males and 22 females) were taken five English medium school of North Lucknow district. The findings of the study suggested that the males and females were facing similar level of the victimization. Furthermore, social support is negatively but significantly related with peer victimization.


Synopsis: Four methods for determining JIC value using small specimens are compared on A533B Cl. 1 steel (HSST 03 Plate). Three-point bend tests are carried out at temperatures between-65 and 70•Ž. The crack initiation point on a load-deflection curve is determined by an electrical potential method. Besides this, precracked Charpy type specimens of A533B Cl. 1 and A542 steels are tested using the R-curve method to clarify the relation between the J integral value and COD value. The test results obtained are as follows: (1) The method proposed by RICE et al. is the most useful with respect to its simplicity, accuracy, and requirement of only one specimen. (2) The specimen size requirement for a valid JIC value can be described by the following equation; B•†25(J/ƒÂY) where B is the specimen thickness and ƒÂY is the yield strength. (3) The empirical results obtained with small specimens are in good agreement with those obtained with large ones. (4) The blunting line used in the R-curve method can be described by the following equation; J=3.7ƒÂY•¢a where ƒÂY is the yield strength and •¢a is the crack extension. (5) J value, COD, and lateral contraction, LC are related with each other as follows; J/σY=2.6(COD) J/σY=2.0(LC) COD=0.77(LC)


The ice crystal supercooled droplet mixed phase icing problem is an important research direction in aircraft icing and has received more attention in recent years. The thermodynamic process of the water film after the ice crystals impact on the surface determines the final ice shape, which is an important part of the accurate prediction of aircraft icing. In this paper, a thermodynamic model of ice crystal supercooled droplet mixed phase icing is proposed based on the extended Messinger model, according to the results of flow field and particle trajectory calculations. In this model, the mass and energy conservation equations of ice crystals, supercooled droplets, and liquid water are considered. The equations take the process of ice crystal adhesion and erosion into account, and the solution method of the equations is given. Ice shapes are calculated under various ice crystal supercooled droplet mixed phase conditions and compared with experimental results to demonstrate the validity of the numerical method. The effects of ice crystal erosion rate, melting ratio, and adhesion coefficient on the calculation results are analyzed by a numerical method. The results show that the ice crystal erosion rate has little effect on the ice shape, while a larger melting ratio and adhesion coefficient lead to more ice accretion.


Rice–crab co-culture systems represent integrated agriculture–aquaculture systems developed in China over the last 30 years. The rice–crab co-culture area comprised approximately 1.386 × 105 hm2 in 2019. However, there is no specific feed designed for Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) cultured in this system until now. In this study, we investigated feed formulae for the nutritional requirements of Chinese mitten crab in this mode. The control group was not fed with any artificial feed (Co), and the experimental groups were fed with three different feeds of 15% (T15), 30% (T30), or 45% (T45) protein content, respectively. Growth performance variations in E. sinensis were investigated along with water quality, phytoplankton, zooplankton, aquatic vascular plants, and benthic animals in the paddy fields to determine the effect of crabs and their diet on the paddy ecosystem. Dietary protein levels had no significant effect on water quality. The biomass and species of phytoplankton, zooplankton, aquatic vascular plants, and zoobenthos in the paddy field were affected by crabs and their diet. Morphological parameters of crabs were significantly more pronounced in the high-protein group than in the other groups. However, the T45 diet negatively affected production by increasing feed costs, causing precocious puberty and inducing water eutrophication. In conclusion, adding a 15% protein compound feed can meet the nutritional needs of crabs, reduce culture costs, and improve water quality. The discharged water had low ammonia nitrogen and nitrite content and no eutrophication occurred, so the water could be recycled. These findings provide a scientific reference for supporting rice and fish co-cultivation.


Sociolinguistics aspects such as Semantic and Pragmatic affect language user in every situation. Those two contexts even exist in a proficiency test to become the test foundation. This research was conducted to identify the semantic and pragmatic contexts in TOEFL test simulation on the Listening section. The researcher applied a qualitative descriptive approach to this research, and Document Analysis and the researcher as the instrument. The object of this research was TOP NO 1 TOEFL SIMULATION published by FORUM TENTOR INDONESIA. The result reveals that there are several types of semantic and pragmatic context found in the test simulation. The semantic contexts found in 8 questions from the 30 questions analyzed. The types of semantic contexts which were found namely; Meaning, Semantic Feature, and Semantic Roles. Moreover, the semantic type that mostly occurred is Semantic Roles (4 Questions), then followed by Semantic Feature (2 Questions) and Meaning (2 Questions). However, the Pragmatic context quantities are found more than the semantic context. From the 30 analyzed questions, the Pragmatic contexts found are 40 questions, it happens because one test item can have more than one type of pragmatic. Also, the Reference type in Pragmatic occurred in most questions because the narrator on the listening passage uses referencing (nature of Reference) to make the question. The type of pragmatic context found namely; Context, Politeness, Reference, and Speech Act. The type of pragmatic context which is mostly occurred is Reference (25 questions).


The existing classical method of enforcing BLP model in Role-based Access Control (RBAC) model presented by Sandhu et al. is researched and analyzed. Some errors of it are revealed, such as denial of service, over many privileges may be granted to the subjects, etc. Additionally, it also lacks of enough support to the classical BLP model. An improved method called ISandhu method is presented; it introduces assistant role hierarchies, strengthens role relations, and provides the support to the notation of trusted subject. Based on this method, the mistakes of the original method are revised and the classical BLP model and some variations of it are enforced in RBAC to meet the practical requirements. As results, the exact enforcement of mandatory access control (MAC) in RBAC is guaranteed and the theoretical foundation for adopting MAC in a large amount of commercial systems with small cost is offered.


At present a large number of high-rise buildings with curtain glass walls are emerging in modern cities. Cleaning the outer surface of these buildings is dangerous and laborious work in mid-air. Currently, most buildings are still cleaned manually with the help of a Gondola system or even a simple tool. The number of buildings with complicated shapes is increasing worldwide. Even skilled workers with safety ropes have difficulties in climbing those buildings. The development of walking and climbing robots offers a novel solution to the above-mentioned problems. Because of the current lack of uniform building structures, wall cleaning and maintenance of high-rise buildings is becoming one of the most appropriate fields for robotization (Zhang, H. et al., 2004). In the last two decades, several different prototypes were designed for this purpose (Sattar, T. P., et al., 2003), (Briones, L. et al., 1994), (Luk, B. L. et al., 2001), (Liu, S. et al., 2000). The development and application of cleaning robotic systems can make the automatic cleaning of high-rise buildings possible and thus relieve workers of this hazardous task; furthermore it can improve the level of technology in building maintenance. Although several robots have already been developed for wall cleaning, most of them can only deal with uniformly shaped planes. We have been developing a family of autonomous Sky Cleaner climbing robots with sliding frames for glass-wall cleaning since 1996. The first model (Zhang, H. et al., 2004) has only limited dexterity and cannot work on a vertical wall. Because it lacks a waist joint, the robot is unable to correct the direction of its motion. As it takes the system a long time to deal with and cross obstacles, its cleaning efficiency is only 37.5 m


The present paper reports a novel solution to develop a calcium phosphates (CaPs) coating with an anodic nanotubular TiO2 layer on titanium screw by electrochemical disposition (ECD). The elemental composition of coatings was examined by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), the surface mopholoy was characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the functional groups and crystalline phase were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, the bioactivity was tested by immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 days. The results showed that a nanotubular TiO2 layer was established which has about 100 mm diameter and the calcium phosphate coatings have higher bioactivity and porosity compared with uncoated titanium screws, which make the coating more conductive to cell adhesion. Using alkaline treatment, the calcium phosphate coating could transform into hydroxyapatite (HAp), making the coating closer to the biological complement. This provides a valuable tool for biomedical applications.


Consultants are often asked to conduct comprehensive assessments of clients, which must be conducted in a way that affords the most complete and accurate data to inform the ensuing recommendations. Appropriate and effective assessments require comprehensive examination of both the individual and the setting. Attending to strengths and weaknesses within clients and the client's environment allows for a more complete understanding of a client's situation. Specifically, professionals must attend to four aspects of a client: (a) the client's psychological and behavioral strengths, (b) the client's psychological and behavioral weaknesses, (c) the strengths in the client's environment and (d) the weaknesses in the client's environment (Wright, 1991). In addition, this approach can be enhanced by using hope theory (Snyder, 1994) as a framework for understanding client goals, along with the routes to those goals (pathways thinking) and the motivation to use those pathways (agency thinking). Finally, the advantages of using this innovative assessment approach to inform the recommendations and professional interactions are considered.


Despite successes in reducing transmission, Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) remains the greatest economic burden of any parasitic disease in Latin America afflicting mostly the poor and further contributing to poverty. We review a long-term (2001-2022), integrated Ecohealth approach that addresses sustainable development goals to reduce risk of Chagas transmission by the main native vector in Central America, Triatoma dimidiata, s.l. The basis of the Ecohealth intervention was the identification of the risk factors for house infestation, an understanding of and collaboration with local communities, and genetic and proteomic studies that revealed the epidemiology and mechanisms of the rapid reinfestation seen following insecticide application. We review the development of this approach from a pilot project in two Guatemalan villages, to an expanded initiative across three countries with vastly different ecology, cultures, and municipal organization, and finally development of a multi-institutional, large-scale project to develop a strategy to tackle the remaining hot spots in Central America. This integrated Ecohealth approach resulted in reduced risk of transmission as measured by a sustained decrease in house infestation without further use of insecticides, a reduction in vectors with human blood meals and the Chagas parasite, as well as other health and economic benefits. We discuss lessons learned and how this approach could be applied to other vector-borne diseases.


AIM:To isolate and determine the structures of polysaccharides from Dioscorea opposite. METHOD: Having obtained crude polysaccharides with water extraction, alcohol and CTAB precipitation successively, gel column chromatography on Sephadex G-100 and HPLC analysis were subjected to purify the polysaccharides and determine their molecular weights. Methylation and TLC analysis on their acidic hydrolysates, together with IR and 13CNMR, were used to determine the sugar components, glycosyl linkages and configuration of anomeric carbons. RESULT:Two homogenous polysaccharides were isolated from the root of Dioscorea opposita. CONCLUSION: The molecular weights of S 1 and S 2 were 63?000 and 7?400 Dal respectively. They are all glucans with such type as [α-D-Glc(1→4)-] n


Robots guided by image analysis have successfully acquired parts from bins, computed part position and orientation, and performed manipulation to bring parts to the same position and orientation. This task is common to many workstations in manufacturing industries since parts are often supplied in bins and must be oriented before insertion into a machine. Systems which are currently technically demonstrated as feasible have profitable applications now, but the number of suitable applications now is small when compared to those which will be appropriate in several years. More research is needed to make such robot systems fast, easily programmed, inexpensive, reliable, and applicable to a wider variety of parts. The roles of vision include directing a hand into a bin to grasp a single piece, computing the orientation of a piece in a robot's hand, piece guidance into a fixture, verification of placement in a fixture, and inspection for piece integrity.


Movement has become a fundamental value, a condition of change and progress. It reflects the aspirations of individuals to choose what they do and where they do it, as far as possible to build their own lives. It is thus becoming impossible to separate economic growth from the mobility of goods, or equally cultural development from the mobility of persons. Inspiring by this new vision of our contemporary cities, the Institute pour la ville en movement (IVM) , founded in Paris in 2001, tends to create a meeting place for reflection, discussion and action directed to the different agents of urban mobility all around the world in its focus on three areas of priority; access to mobility for the disabled or people with specific difficulties; improvements in the loci and times of mobility, notably through intermobility and multimobili-ty; highlighting and disseminating experience and knowledge about the city on the move, its new cultures and civic values. Since its creation, IVM has been devoted to establish partnerships with several Chinese cities. This paper describes research programs of the institute pour la ville en movement (IVM) and gives more details about projects implemented in China.


This paper presents the control algorithm for a satellite stabilization using a space leech. The space leech is assumed to have n reaction wheels with known moments of inertia about their axis of rotation. All mass properties of the satellite are assumed unknown The proposed control algorithm brings the satellite to a specified attitude trajectory.


By using non-contact gap sensors equipped on non-rotating parts of a bogie, a new measuring method of wheel/rail contact forces has been developed. The developed system has been verified to have sufficient durability for continuous measurement on in-service trains and sufficient practical accuracy after various stand tests and train running tests. After a long-period of continuous measurement on a commercial subway line, some important characteristics of wheel/rail contact mechanics were found by the analysis of measured data. Numerical simulations of curving with a full vehicle model using multi-body dynamics software were carried out, and according to the comparison with measured data, simulation results agree well with measured data in the steady-state values of derailment coefficients considering friction coefficient.


Objective to study the cause of recurrent sacro coccygeal teratoma (RSCT)recurrence and to find an optimal therapy method,in order to decrease relapse rate of RSCT.Methods Efficacy of RSCT operation was retrospectively reviewed.Results7of the12cases RSCT Were benign,others weve malignant.9cases of RSCT weve resected by sacrococcygeal approach,3cases weve resected by abdomino sacroccygeal joint approach,5cases of malignant RSCT underwent chemotherapy.Follow-up for1~20years,9cases were survival.3case malignant were died from recurrence and mentastasis after10month.Conclusions The recurrent factors of benign RSCT were tumor and sacrum residual.Malignant RSCT recurrence were tumor mass infiltratio n and metastases via blood and lymph nodes Modern chemotherapy can decrease mortality and relapse rate.


Since its genesis, satellite remote sensing has enabled observations of environmental changes at inaccessible locations, improving tremendously many scientific fields like the meteorology, oceanography, agriculture production, glaciology, geology etc. Using the information collected by satellites, changes in the physical environment can be measured and the information is analyzed to predict future patterns and achieve better environmental outcomes in different areas. Due to its speed and efficiency in information-gathering, the applications of satellite remote sensing are continually increasing and becoming a vital part in environmental resource management process.


This paper proposes a requirement analysis approach to periodic control systems that are widely used as one of the real time systems. By regulating the initial requirement documents with key words in natural language, we compile the regulated requirement documents into an intermediate model specified by SPARDL language with formal syntax and semantics. To make the requirement executable, a prototype generation technique is proposed to simulate the system behaviors. To analyze the dataflow relations among modules among the same mode or different modes, we introduce module-level and mode-level dataflow analysis techniques to help system engineers to uncover the potential affections on any two modules. The dataflow analysis techniques are useful especially for module reuse when a new version of the system is developed. We have applied the developed tool based on our approach to the Moon-Exploration Spacecraft Project from Beijing Institute of Control Engineering, and the preliminary experiments are encouraging. We have found both the ambiguity and the inconsistency cases in the requirement documents from the project.


Abstract Several studies have been conducted for developing new dryers and improving existing ones to obtain a higher yield and maintain the quality of agricultural products. Thus, the objective of this study was to model and validate a new concept of a silo–dryer–aerator with a drying chamber and four storage compartmented cells in a fixed and thick layer with the application of high and low air-drying temperatures. To fit the experimental data to a mathematical model, nonlinear regression analysis was performed. To assess the fluid from the heated and cooling air in the silo–dryer–aerator, computational fluid dynamics was used. The experimental prototype of the fixed-bed dryer enabled a uniform distribution of the heated air in the drying cells. There was a uniform distribution of the air in the drying cells of the silo–dryer–aerator. The drying system achieved high operational performance and quality for soybeans. The different mathematical models could predict and adjust to the drying conditions in a fixed and thick layer. It was concluded that the drying model developed and validated is suitable for the new concept of a silo–dryer–aerator with a drying chamber and segregated storage to be applied to soybean drying. HIGHLIGHTS Silo-dryer-aerator conceptualized for high quality Drying system applied for different social scales of post-harvest Segregation of the lots in different characteristics of grains and quality Associated application of high and low temperatures in the drying and aeration Alternative for drying and storage in large, medium and small production scales Graphical Abstract


The selection of a proper variety is one of the main factors influencing the quantity and quality of cereal grain yield in organic agriculture. The aim of the study was to determine the suitability of 13 varieties of spring wheat for cultivation in organic farming according to their competitive potential against weeds, susceptibility to fungal diseases and grain yield. Due to the large share of cereals in organic farms both in Poland and in Europe, the research results could be applied by organic farming system farmers and advisors. High-yielding varieties in the organic system were: KWS Torridon, Kandela, Arabella, Zadra and Waluta. The KWS Torridon and Kandela varieties were resistant to fungal pathogens infestation, while Brawura, Izera, Korynta and Ostka Smolicka showed the highest infestation rate. Ethos variety yields were the lowest due to its low plant density, with a high weed infestation rate. The wheat yields proved to be significantly correlated with plant density and the thousand grain weight, but no significant negative effects of weed infestation and pathogen infestation were found. A synthesis of the three-year results showed that the varieties most useful for organic farming were: Arabella, KWS Torridon, Kandela, Katoda, Waluta and Zadra.


This paper describes key technologies for the use of the six-legged walking system Mantis in a multi robot team performing cooperative tasks for the construction of an In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) facility on the Moon. Autonomous multi robot cooperation is one of several key technologies that hold promise for In-Situ space exploration and ISRU facility construction. Therefore, the PRO-ACT (Planetary RObots deployed for Assembly and Construction Tasks) project aimed to develop a multi robot team which can act (semi-) autonomous. PRO-ACT is a European project with many partners working on space robotics technologies, the so-called building blocks. These building blocks have been implemented and extended on Mantis to cover the scope of multi-robot cooperative scenarios. To allow the different partners to execute commands without considering the robot's control framework, a communication interface was developed to provide a common and generic way to send commands and receive sensor data. It facilitates access to all robots and to their simulated counterparts. Due to the impact of COVID-19, most of the testing, including the final demonstration, was performed remotely, with robots available at the partners' premises.


In a collection of aquatic insects sent to me from China by Dr. Suenson, I find a single pair of an undescribed species of backswimmer. It represents a smaller and more slender species than one is accustomed to see from the orient. At first glance it reminds one of Notonecta lactitans Kirk., a species which lives in South Africa. It is, however, larger and structurally quite different. From China one expects to see handsome, red and black species as large, or larger, than our North American Notonecta irrorata Uhler. This new species is pale in color and the male is but a trifle broader than our common Notonecta undulata Say. Its greater length makes it a relatively more slender species than any save Notonecta lactitans Kirkaldy.


A system for limiting power surges PUN limitation system over current PUN limitation system over current for reducing the current input electrara reducing current input electrara reducing the electric current input to one cargaelectrica (120) in response to dica a cargaelectrica (120) in response to dica a cargaelectrica (120) in response to detection of a disturbance source alimeteccion a disturbance source alimeteccion a disturbance in a power supply (110) CA ingress policer, comprising: a entation (110) ingress policer CA, comprising: a entation (110) ingress policer CA, comprising: a current limiter (140) including one intelimitador current (140) including a intelimitador current (140), including a configured to connect between drfaz source interface configured to connect I rse between drfaz source configured to connect between the supply Ignition (110) AC source input and elealimentacion load (110) input AC and elealimentacion load (110) input AC and the electrical load (120), characterized by the limiter cectrica (120), characterized by the limiter cectrica (120), wherein the current limiter (140) comprising an arrangement paorriente (140) comprising an arrangement paorriente (140) comprising an arrangement parallel component of detemperaturalelo coefficient of a component detemperaturalelo coefficient of a component negative detemperatura coefficient (535) (NTC) and a relay (555) it is having negative ra (535) (NTC) and a relay (555) to has a negative ra (535) (NTC) and a relay (555) having contacts that are in the open position durantecontactos that are in the open position durantecontactos that are in the open position during elarranque the energy supplied to the elarranque charging energy supplied to the load elarranque energy supplied to the electrical load (120) and close in response to a seelectrica (120) and close in response to a seelectrica (120) and close in response to a control signal (515) for coupling the source alimnal control (515) for coupling the source alimnal control (515) for coupling the power supply (110) input AC to the load electrientacion (110) of AC input to electrientacion load (110) of AC input to the electrical load (120) bypassing elcomponente NTC (535); CA (120) bypassing elcomponente NTC (535); CA (120) bypassing elcomponente NTC (535); an activating relay circuit (160) responsive to the trigger secircuito relay (160) responsive to the sensitive control signal (515) activating secircuito relay (160) to activate the relay for colnal control (515) to activate the relay control colnal (515) to activate the relay to place the relay ina closed position; and circuitoocar the relay ina closed position; and circuitoocar the relay ina closed position; and a simulation circuit of the load (501, 502, 506) acoplad simulation of the load (501, 502, 506) acoplad simulation of the load (501, 502, 506) coupled to the power supply (110) AC I deentrado to the power supply (110) CA deentrado to the power supply (110) CA ingress policer to simulate characteristics of the Electria load to simulate characteristics of the Electria load to simulate characteristics of the electrical load (120) on the basis of the waveform of the fca (120) based on the waveform of the fca (120) based on the waveform of the supply Ignition AC (110) source and proporcionuente supply Ignition AC (110) and proporcionuente supply Ignition AC (110) and to provide the control signal (515) to maintain relear control signal (515) to maintain relear control signal (515) to maintain the relay in closed position during funcionamienton at position n closed during funcionamienton in the closed position during funcionamientonormal of the power supply (110) AC ormal of the power supply (110) AC ormal of the power supply (110) of AC input, and terminate the control signal (515) in rentrada, and terminate the control signal (515) in rentrada, and terminate the control signal (515) in response to detection of the perturbation in the fespuesta detection of the perturbation in the fespuesta detection of the perturbation in the power supply (110) of AC input auente supply (110) of AC input auente supply (110) input AC to open the relay and coupling the source supply (pen the relay and coupling the power supply (pen the relay and coupling the power supply (110) input AC to cargaelectrica (120) to 110) of AC input to cargaelectrica (120) 110 ) AC input to cargaelectri ca (120) through the NTC component (535), the circuittraves NTC component (535), the circuittraves NTC component (535), the simulation circuit of the load (501, 502, 506) tambieno of simulation of the load (501, 502, 506) tambieno simulation of the load (501, 502, 506) also operative to detect resuming with operative to detect resuming with operative to detect a resumption of normal the power supply (11diciones normal in the power supply (normal 11diciones in the power supply (110) input AC and close the relay between fuent0) input AC and close the relay between fuent0) AC input and close the relay between the power supply (110) input AC and carge supply (110) input AC and carge supply (110) input AC and the electrical load (120); whereby the electric current dea (120); whereby the electric current dea (120); whereby the input current which results from the elimination of pe entry that would result from the elimination of pe entry that would result from the elimination of the disturbance contrarrestamediante the Nrturbacion component contrarrestamediante the Nrturbacion component NTC component contrarrestamediante (535 ) when the relay is in the abiertTC (535) position when the relay is in the abiertTC (535) position when the relay is in the open position. aa


This study investigates whether directors' and officers' liability insurance (D&O insurance) misleads creditors' lending decisions by examining its effect on corporate debt maturity structure. We find that purchasing D&O insurance leads to increased corporate debt maturity, and this effect is more pronounced for firms with weaker corporate governance. These results suggest that creditors may view D&O insurance as an external monitoring tool that helps improve corporate governance. However, D&O insurance induces higher firm risk, but cannot help decrease agency costs or improve firm performance, that is, it results in more severe managerial opportunism. Our findings suggest that D&O insurance, to some extent, misguides creditors' lending decisions.


Infectious keratitis is a pernicious disease that affects the anterior segment of the eye and is one the leading causes of blindness worldwide. This disease may cause severe visual impairment or permanent vision damage if left untreated.

No doubt there are many conventional drug delivery systems to treat ocular keratitis, yet it is the fifth leading cause of blindness globally. This is the result of the eye's complex anatomy and barrier system, which restricts the total ocular contact time of the conventional formulations resulting in under-dosing. The widely used traditional formulations to treat keratitis, like antibiotic eye drops and ointments, are rendered useless due to less ocular contact time and low therapeutic drug levels at the target ocular site. The main requirement of the present time is to develop novel drug delivery-backed stratagems to overcome the shortcomings of conventional formulations, which will reduce the morbidity associated with infectious keratitis and improve clinical outcomes. It is worth mentioning that there are documented incidents of Herpetic keratitis of the cornea followed by COVID-19 infection and vaccination.

This paper is a rigorous review of all the novel drug delivery strategies to combat ocular keratitis. These future drug delivery strategies will pave the way for the present time researcher and formulation chemists to develop multi-dimensional novel formulations that are safe, patient-compliant, and surpass the ocular barriers to maintain therapeutic drug levels in ocular tissues.


Objective To establish an animal model in goats and observe the development of bone at different times during the period of mandibular distraction.Methods Eight goats were used for this experiment.Extraoral distractors were activated 7 days after mandibular corticotomy at a rate of 1mm per day,twice a day,for 8 days.Radiographic and histologic examinations were performed on the harvested mandibles.Results Radiographic evaluation suggested definite ossification.Mineralized tissue was seen bridging the defect as early as 2 weeks after.Histologic observation of the distraction site showed a gradual change from fibrous matix to osseous like tissue and finally,more matural bone tissue.Conclusion The goat is a good animal model for the experiment of distraction.New bone is formed predominatly by intramembranous ossification.


Background: We evaluated 12 biomarkers as potential prognostic predictors in Japanese breast cancer patients: EGFR, PTEN, IGF-1R, Bcl-2, c-Kit, c-Met, HIF-1 α , PDGFRA, survivin, VEGFR2, VEGF-A, and Ki67. Methods: A total of 466 surgical patients were divided into six subgroups in accordance with St. Gallen 2017 classification: triple-negative, HER2, triple-positive, luminal-low risk, luminal-intermediate risk, and luminal-high risk. Immunohistochemical staining of the biomarkers was compared among the subgroups in relation to 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS), calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and evaluated by Cox regression. Results: In the triple-negative group, by multivariate analysis of Cox model for DFS, c-Kit (hazard ratio [HR], 5.941; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.171-30.137; p = 0.0315) and HIF-1 α (HR, 5.631; 95%CI, 1.014-31.275; p = 0.0482) emerged as significant. In the CSS model, c-Kit (HR, 8.541; 95%CI, 1.396-52.266; p = 0.0203) and HIF-1 α (HR, 11.103; 95%CI, 1.227-100.429; p = 0.0322) were significant. In other subgroups, several biomarkers and clinical factors remained significant with DFS model but none with CSS. Conclusions: We found c-Kit and HIF-1 α with a statistical effect on outcomes in the triple-negative group. A combination of these can be useful in predicting prognoses.


Constructed wetlands are used in wastewater treatment for the removal of organic matter, nutrients, pathogens and other pollutants from water. The diversity of chemical, physical and biological processes taking place inside constructed wetlands (CWs) make them difficult systems for accurate quantitative description through conventional modelling approaches. However, existing modelling tools can bring valuable insight into important phenomena and interactions that might remain otherwise neglected. In this study the CW2D module under HYDRUS – 2D is used to identify the possible mechanisms by which temperature and loading frequency impacts the performance of the vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands (VSSFCWs). An improvement on CWs design and operation guidelines in warm regions is intended. Case studies of a VSSFCW at 10°C, 20°C and 30°C treating septic tank effluent are simulated with parameters adjusted for high temperature conditions. The simulation results suggest oxygen limitation as possibly constraining nitrification capacity at high temperatures. Simulations also suggest that higher loading frequencies enhance performance and capacity. This detailed mechanistic modelling study aims at bringing insight into possible non trivial interactions and mechanisms in CWs such that in conjunction with a necessary experimental validation, should lead to enhanced operation and design in warm regions.


Objective
To explore the resilience in spouses of advanced cancer patients and its influencing factors.

Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 192 cases of spouses of advanced cancer patients in a ClassⅢ Grade A cancer hospital. A self-designed demographic questionnaire, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale-10, the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZCBI) and the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ) were applied in the investigation. The resilience influencing factors of advanced cancer patients' spouses were analyzed with t-test, one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA), Pearson correlation analysis and multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis.

Results
The overall resilience score for spouses of advanced cancer patients was (30.16±7.54). It was showed in the one-way ANOVA that the differences of resilience were statistically significant in different genders, education levels, family monthly income, payment method and whether or not having assisted-caregivers (P<0.05). The Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that the resilience of patients' spouses was negatively correlated with care burden and negative coping, and positively correlated with positive coping (P<0.05). The multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis showed family income, whether or not having assisted-caregivers, care burden, stress positive coping and negative coping were the influencing factors of the resilience of the spouses of advanced cancer patients (P<0.05).

Conclusions
The resilience of the spouses of advanced cancer patients is poor and their care burden is heavy, so they tend to cope with the stress negatively. Thus, clinical nursing staff are advised to pay attention to the spouses with low family income, no assisted-caregiver, heavy care burden and negative coping style.

Key words:
Neoplasms; Spouses; Terminal care; Resilience, psychological; Care burden; Coping methods


General applicable tools for manipulation of biomolecule functions under living conditions are highly desired in the postgenomic era. Bioorthogonal chemistry has revolutionized our ability to label and visualize various biomolecules inside living cells1. However, efforts have been traditionally focused on developing bioorthogonal conjugating reactions, which, in many cases, are limited for function investigations of many biomolecules and biological processes. Recently, Prof. Peng Chen's laboratory in the Department of Chemical Biology at Peking University has begun to address this challenge by inventing bioorthogonal elimination reactions triggered by small molecules in a series of innovative work 2–4 (Fig.1a).

Figure 1

Chemical-decaging strategies for biological study in living systems. a). Chemical-decaging of cell surface glycans and intracellular proteins through bioorthogonal elimination reactions. b). Imaging of the subcellular distribution of EGFP-Erk before and ...

Chen laboratory started their attempts in developing bioorthogonal elimination reactions to manipulate intracellular proteins two years ago. In the first work, they coupled the genetic-code expansion strategy with the palladium-mediated deprotection chemistry for chemical rescue of protein functions in living cells 2 (Fig. 1a, 2). Biocompatible palladium catalysts allowed chemical-decaging of propargyloxycarbonyl (Proc)-caged lysine side-chain on intracellular proteins, permitting gain-of-function study of protein functions (e.g. bacterial toxins) under their native cellular environment (Fig. 1b). This work represents the first example in which an elimination chemistry catalyzed by a transition metal is used for manipulating biomolecules inside cells. They have recently developed an elegant bioorthogonal elimination strategy based on a Diels-Alder (DA) reaction for chemical decaging of proteins 3 (Fig. 1a, 3). Their approach converted an inverse electron demand DA reaction, a widely used bioorthogonal conjugation reaction, into a decaging reaction by triggering the elimination of trans-cyclooctene-masked e-amine on lysine residue, a modified lysine that can be incorporated using unnatural amino acid strategy. Chemically-caged firefly luciferase were constructed and were shown to be activated by this strategy within 10 min, offering a rapid and facile method for turning "ON" protein activity within the complex intracellular signaling networks (Fig. 1a,c).

Although similar strategies have been developed via the use of light (known as photo-decaging) instead of small molecules as the triggering element, the chemical decaging strategy provides unique advantages for biological studies that cannot be achieved with photo-decaging. Chen group has extended the chemical decaging strategy to glycans on live cells (Fig.1a, 1) 4 . Through collaboration with Prof. Xing Chen in the same department, they utilized palladium nanoparticles to effectively eliminate the Proc-group on metabolically incorporated N-Proc-neuramic acid into neuramic acid (Neu) on cell surface glycans. Their Pd-mediated chemical conversion mimics the enzymatic de-N-acetylation of N-acetylneuramic acid (Neu5Ac), which is a proposed mechanism for the natural occurrence of Neu on cell-surface glycans. They show that this strategy can be used to modulate cell clustering status via manipulation of cell-surface charge by unmasking the free amine on Neu5Ac to neutralize its negatively charged carboxyl group (Fig.1d).

The Chen Group successfully extended the bioorthogonal chemistry from ligation to elimination reactions, which could find facile applications in real biological settings. Their work will inspire the expansion of the definition and utilization of bioorthognal chemistry to diverse chemical transformations in living systems 5.


regional, and national patriotisms fuelled the resistance to Nazi occupation as much as Soviet ideology and Stalinist loyalties; all of these were underwritten by the growing anger and the hope for revenge for what the occupiers had done to home, hearth, and rodina. One could find Jewish resisters here as well as antisemites, women as well as men, Tatars as well as Russians, staunch Stalinists as well as those who hoped to "beat the Communists and commissars" (178). The Communist Party and the NKVD formed the core of many of the original partisans, but they competed with encircled and cut-off Red Army units and escaped prisoners of war—and increasingly civilians eager to join for a mix of reasons. Popular memories of partisan volia of the civil war, of the original pauiotic war against Napoleon, or of the peasant insurrections of earlier times provided models for action, self-definition, and self-representation as did Stalinist prescriptions about order, hierarchy, and disciplined subordination. Soviet culturedness coexisted with much more earthy "partisan chic" (263), and while Stalin's guerillas did much to keep the Soviet system alive in the occupied territories, partisan bands also helped disband collective farms or acted "Soviet" in order to save as many Jews as possible. Particularly once the insurrection grew from 1942, all of these fault lines were cut through with gender conflict and sexual politics. And this plurality does not even begin to include the various other, nonor anti-Soviet irregulars fighting the multiple wars within the great confrontation between Stalin's and Hitler's armies. It is the great merit of this carefully researched and engagingly written monograph to have unearthed this multiplicity that the Soviets tried to hide under the master narrative of the Great Patriotic War. The language of identity politics that informs much of the text might not age too well, but the rest of this important book surely will.


Genetic variants of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; E.C. 22.214.171.124) are relatively infrequent in human populations [1-7], only occasionally being reported with polymorphic frequency. One such population has been described among the Engaspeaking people of the Western Highlands of Papua New Guinea [8]. The situation in India, however, is very different. Das et al. [9] first described a new variant of LDH in populations in Calcutta, and it was given the trivial name Calcutta-1. Family studies suggested that the Calcutta-i variant represented the heterozygote state for a variant allele controlling the LDH A subunit peptide. The Calcutta-1 phenotype had a frequency of 1.6%o in Calcutta and approximately 1.0% in Madras. Subsequent studies have shown that the Calcutta-1 phenotype is widespread in Indian populations, ranging in frequency from 0%o to just over 4%o [10-15]. There is some evidence that the frequency of Calcutta-1 variants is higher in "low-caste" compared to "high-caste" groups in Bengal as well as in Tamilnadu [16]. However, one of the highest frequencies (3.6%o) has been found among Parsis in Bombay [17]. Because of the widespread distribution of LDH Calcutta-1 in India, it could be expected that individuals homozygous for the LDHCal-l gene would also be found unless the homozygous state severely lowered viability in early preor postnatal life. The first such presumptive homozygote was reported by us in 1970 [11]. The propositus was a healthy 19-year-old girl living in southwest Tamilnad. Unfortunately blood samples could not be obtained from her parents, so it was not possible to confirm formally the homozygosity presumed from the appearance of the electrophoretic pattern. We now report another two cases of homozygosity for the LDHCal-l gene in a Muslim family in western India. The propositus and his sister were sampled in Bombay, but the family comes from the village of Kapadvanj some 300 km north of Bombay in Gujarat State. The pedigree of the family including results of the LDH tests for those persons from whom blood samples were obtained are shown in figure 1. The mother of the propositus is dead, but his father, his three children, and also the surviving children of his sister are all Calcutta-1 variants. The pedigree gives strong support to the interpretation of the electrophoretic pattern for erythro-


The "time-space" evolution of stress and energy accumulated in the mining coal and rock materials is dynamic,taking the deep high-stress concentration 9202 working face and its headentry as test zone,the rockburst dynamic prevention technology was put foreword,which was followed that:① Analysis on the geological and mining factors of rockburst danger,particularly the distribution law of vertical stress gradient,and the "time-space" distribution of rockburst danger was pre-zoned;② According to the different dangerous district,the appropriate design and parameters of coal and rock strength weakening was developed;③ Using the multi-parameter monitoring methods such as microseism(MS),electromagnetic emission(EME) and drilling bits,the effect of rockburst prevention was checked.If the test indexes exceeded the critical value,the relieve-shots was continued until the indexes monitored obviously dropped.Rockburst prevention process always followed the dynamic cycle of danger monitoring-relief prevention-effects check.Now,the technology was popularized and applied in many high rockburst dangerous districts in China.


Nearly one-half of all pregnancies in the United States are unintended. Risk factors for unintended pregnancy include limited access to contraception, less than a college education, poor social support, age between 20 and 24 years, and black race. Family physicians are often the initial medical contact for women with unintended pregnancy.


The reason of abnormality appeared during the displacement measurement in the frame static test is analyzed.Some improvement approachs are put forward,including more smoother contact surface,bigger measuring block and so on.Based on the analysis of the stiffness of the whole frame,the derivation method for calculation the displacement of an abnormal measuring point by using the normal measuring points is proposed.The method is validated by additional two tests which do not contain abnormal displacement measuring points.The results show that the error of the computative method is less than 5%.


First, this paper studies the separation of shortwave calling channels and service channels, orthogonal grouping of frequency set, synchronized scanning and rapid frequency choosing, and nonlinear frequency scanning. These are the four foundations needed to realize frequency spectrum sharing. Then, we explore a way to realize dynamic sharing of military shortwave frequency spectrum by synchronized link-building access and automatic channel changing, which can provide suggestions to solve the problem that military shortwave frequency resource is insufficient.


The authors have proposed an equation for estimating the ultimate strength of T-shaped socket joints. However, the effect of cyclic loading and external diagphragms, applicability to the cross-shaped joint and other issues must be verified. Therefore, the static loading tests by using the T-shaped joint specimens were carried out in order to investigate the effects of loading method and the diaphragm. Monotonic static loading tests by using the cross-shaped joint specimens were also carried out. The test results indicate that the loading method and the diaphragm affect the ultimate strength, and that the application of the proposed method to the cross-shaped joint is promising.


Abstract Pesticide poisoning cases between 2003-2009 have been surveyed to understand the pattern of poisoning cases among farmers of Dharwad district. Total 39 poisoning cases were studied from OPD (Out Patient Department) to IPD (In Patient Department), followed from admission to recovery or death in a systematic manner. All these cases were analyzed with an objective of knowing age distribution of victims, commonest type of poisoning, the manner of poisoning, and also the rural and urban trends. Among 39 cases, male 31 cases (79.48%) predominated females 8 cases (20.51%) with majority (41.02%) belonging to 41-50 yrs age group. The commonest poison encountered was the Organophosphorous compounds (48.71%). Suicide (79.48%) was the commonest manner than accidental poisoning. Agricultural farmers with rural background, belonging to lower socio-economic strata were the commonest victims (79.48%) compared to others. Keywords : Poisoning cases, Organophosphorous compounds, Suicide, Farmers, Agricultural


Disproportionality analysis is an important tool for interpreting spontaneous adverse event reports in pharmacovigilance. There exist a variety of disproportionality measures (DPMs) for use in safety signaling; however, it is not always clear which method is best suited for a particular need. A framework for comparing the various DPMs is necessary to fully understand the consequences of quantitative signal detection implementation decisions. Here, the mathematical relationship between these measures is explored through a comparison of the underlying equations and a shrinkage approach is adopted to further clarify these relationships.


The periodic acid-methenamine silver staining technique, which is frequently used for demonstrating the renal glomerular basement membrane, require a high degree of skill, and in some cases it may be difficult to obtain a pod result To overcome such difficulty and inconsistency, we have improved the method by performing methenamine silver staining after oxidation with periodic acid and subsequent application of thi-aubazide. In this procedure, this semicarbazide enhanced the reaction of methenamine silver with the glomcrular basement membrane and the reaction was completed within a shorter time in comparison with the conventional method. This modification also eliminated any nonspecific Won with the surface of the glass slide and the solution container and yielded excellent and reproducible results irrespective of the fixation method and material employed. It wpll also. found to stain the renal glomerular basement membrane of rabbits, which is demonstrable only with difficulty by the conventional method.


Controlling diameter and chirality of single-walled carbon nanotubes are most interesting aspects on synthesis, and these kinds of controls are desired to be done during the synthetic processes. In fact combination of catalysts, modifying their species, and adjusting the size of catalyst can roughly control the diameter distribution. However, since catalysts including cobalt atoms work much better for synthesizing SWNTs in alcohol catalytic chemical vapor deposition process, which is considered one of the best processes to synthesize, this fact restricts the flexibility of catalyst combination. Usually, supporters are used for avoiding the condensation of catalysts, but it turns out that sometimes these supporters give bad effects on catalysts of losing their catalytic activities. In this paper we synthesized SWNTs by using catalysts on different supporters and considered the influence of supporters by calculating their electronic structures.


This paper explores nursing organizations' experiences, views and policies on computer networks; their ability to access such networks; and to what uses nursing organizations can put the Internet and other networks. There were significant differences between poor and rich countries with respect to access to networking facilities, but not with respect to opinions of the use or potential use of networking. Roughly two-fifths of nursing organizations had access to either the Internet or a local area network (LAN). Richer countries were more likely to have access to both the Internet and LANs. About a half of organizations had email, but only about a quarter accessed email lists. About two-fifths used the World Wide Web (WWW) but only about a tenth had access to USENET newsgroups. There was a significant difference between rich and poor countries with respect to WWW and USENET, with richer countries having greater access. Training for nurses and policies for using computer networks were identified in few organizations, although the potential for computer networks was understood by most. Enthusiasm for using computer networks was particularly noted in poorer and geographically more remote countries. From a list of ten services available via the Internet, the network resource most valued by nursing organizations was online databases; the least valued was videoconferencing.


Student fees have saddled graduates with enormous debt, satisfaction rates are low, a high proportion of graduates are in non-graduate jobs, and public debt from unpaid loans is rocketing. This timely and challenging analysis gives robust new policy proposals to encourage excellence and ultimately benefit society.


Abstract The upper atmosphere of Venus is not shielded by planetary magnetic field from direct interaction with the solar wind. The interaction of shocked solar wind and the ionosphere results in ionopause. Magnetic barrier, the inner region of dayside magnetosheath with the dominated magnetic pressure deflects the solar wind instead of the ionopause at solar maximum. Therefore, the structure and interaction of venusian ionosphere is very complex. Although the Venus Express (VEX) arrived at Venus in April 2006 provides more knowledge on the Venusian ionosphere and plasma environment, compared to Pioneer Venus Orbiter (PVO) with about 14 years of observations, some important details are still unknown (e.g., long Venusian bow shock variations and effects). In this paper, the bow shock positions of Venus are determined and analyzed from magnetometer (MAG) and ASPERA-4 of the Venus Express mission from May 28, 2006 to August 17, 2010. Results show that the altitude of BS was mainly affected by SZA (solar zenith angle) and Venus bow shocks inbound and outbound are asymmetry.


PT. DNIA is a company engaged in manufacture of automotive parts, one of which is condenser. Manufacture of condenser components requires small parts produced using a hole separator punching machine. However, it deals with high downtime of the machine, resulting in low production performance. This research aimed to identify the extent of hole separator punching machine performance using analysis of Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) and to analyse six big loses which impact on machine downtime. Calculation results show that OEE value obtained, 48.54%, was still below the standard, and therefore continuous improvement attempt is essential to perform. The low OEE value was a result of low performance efficiency which was caused by idling and minor stoppages of 24.54%. In order to improve the performance and carry out idling and minor stoppages loss, it is important to perform improvement attempt in a number of aspects, such as man aspect by training operators to carry machine-related works, machine aspect by repairing abnormal ups and downs of dies, and material aspect by fixing inappropriate position of header tank (material).


A three-dimensional finite element spatial mechanics model for calculating the additional longitudinal force transmission between continuously welded rails and high-speed railway bridges is established by using solid element to simulate bridges as well as pier and abutment,using space beam element to simulate rails,using spring element to simulate the link between bridges and tracks as well as pier and abutment.By using the experimental results of Yongdinghe single-track railway bridge on Fengtai—Shacheng railway as well as the results of Shahe double-track railway bridge on Qinhuangdao—Shenyang railway,the author verifies the model.Furthermore,taking a multi-span 32 m simple supported double-track box girder on Qinhuangdao—Shenyang passenger special line as an example,the author made a study on the additional longitudinal force caused by different load cases with the model.The calculation results show that: the winding additional longitudinal force increases significantly when two trains pass the bridge with the opposite direction;the rail braking additional longitudinal forces of four rails are of some discrepancy,when only one train passes the bridge;comparison with the load case of only one train braking on the bridge,when two trains brake on the bridge with the opposite direction,the rail braking additional longitudinal force increases,but the increase is slight.


Abstract The Nuovo soggettario, the official Italian subject indexing system edited by the National Central Library of Florence, is made up of interactive components, the core of which is a general thesaurus and some rules of a conventional syntax for subject string construction. The Nuovo soggettario Thesaurus is in compliance with ISO 25964: 2011-2013, IFLA LRM, and FAIR principle (findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability). Its open data are available in the Zthes, MARC21, and in SKOS formats and allow for interoperability with l library, archive, and museum databases. The Thesaurus's macrostructure is organized into four fundamental macro-categories, thirteen categories, and facets. The facets allow for the orderly development of hierarchies, thereby limiting polyhierarchies and promoting the grouping of homogenous concepts. This paper addresses the main features and peculiarities which have characterized the consistent development of this categorical structure and its effects on the syntactic sphere in a predominantly pre-coordinated usage context.


Late Life Depression (LLD) is associated with persistent cognitive dysfunction even after depression symptoms improve. The present study was designed to examine cognitive outcomes associated with the pattern of depression severity change during psychotherapy intervention for LLD.


The injection of Latex should be done after a minimum of 5 weeks following embalming. By then the arteries have almost emptied of embalming fluid and as a result lower concentration of phenol, which causes congealment of Latex, is present. Before Latex can be injected, it should be preceded by an injection of 20ml of 25% ammonia solution, and then followed immediately by 750ml injection of Latex. The pH of these embalming formulae are acidic as Latex does not coagulate in an alkaline medium. A red colorant, Rubine Toner, at a ratio of 6-1 is used. With the advent of radiotomography and the requirement for material which had been plastinated, it became necessary to revise the formula. Cadavers were embalmed at a lower pressure of ± 1 pascal, using approximately 5 litres less embalming fluid and after injecting latex, it was allowed to congeal before proceeding with slicing or dissection.


In order to study the mechanical properties of the woven spacer fabric,a dynamic model for analysis was developed with a view to investigate the woven spacer fabric manufactured by special technologies.A finite element model was established using ANSYS software based on the analysis on the forming principle and the structure of the fabric.Since the compressibility for the woven spacer fabric is the most important mechanical property during serviceability,a simulative analysis of it was carried out and the stress-deformation plot and stress-strain curve were obtained to simulate its deformation in the process of compression.The analytical comparison showed that simulated results well agree with the experimental values.


Alignment of measurements collected at the nodes of a network is treated from an estimation-theoretic perspective. Particular attention is given to the role of the topology of the network graph in constraining the maximum-likelihood estimation problem for a global set of internode offsets using noisy data, and to elucidating how network topology manifests in the forms of the estimators and their respective Fisher information matrices. More specifically, each node possesses a datum that is an element of a Lie group and each edge in the network graph has a corresponding noisy measurement if the difference between the data values at the nodes it joins. Explicit estimators and their Fisher information are derived for two Lie groups, Rd and the unit circle, and the more general case of a connected abelian Lie group is discussed. In all cases, the estimators are expressed in terms of the distribution of the measurement noise and standard algebraic invariants of the network's graph structure. A relationship between maximum-likelihood estimation in this setting and Kirchhoff's laws on the network graph is pointed out, and distributed estimation algorithms that exploit this relationship are described.