The Complex Plasma Research Group at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Oberpfaffenhofen has built a new large diameter rf plasma setup for dusty plasma experiments. The vacuum chamber is a stainless steel cylinder 0.90 m in diameter and 0.34 m in height with ports for viewing and measurement. A 0.85 m diameter plate in about the center serves as a powered electrode (13.56 MHz) with the chamber walls as the ground. It is pumped on by one of two Oerlikon turbo pumps with a pumping rate of 1100 l/s or 270 l/s. Argon gas is admitted into the chamber by an MKS mass flow meter and pumping is regulated by a butterfly valve to set pressure for experiments. A manual dropper is used to insert dust into the plasma. The dust is illuminated horizontally by a 660 nm 100 mW laser sheet and viewed from above by a Photron FASTCAM 1024 PCI camera. A vertical laser sheet of 635 nm will be used for side imaging. So far, single-layer plasma crystals of up to 15000 particles have been suspended. The particle velocity fluctuation spectra were measured and from these, the particle charge and screening length were calculated. Future experiments will explore the system-size dependence of the plasma crystal properties.


The invention discloses an efficient road traffic anti-collision warning method based on vehicle-to-vehicle communication. According to the method, whether collision warning needs to be carried out is judged according to running state information of a vehicle and an adjacent vehicle, coordinates of a later joint of running routes of the vehicle and the adjacent vehicle are calculated, when the joint is located in front of the vehicle running route, time different of reaching the joint of the two vehicles is calculated, and finally a safety coefficient is set according to the actual road traffic condition and the time difference, namely the emergency situation level of warning is set. The method provides a novel warning mechanism based on the time-domain characteristic of the later joint, achieves dynamic safety warning decision based on partial geographical location information of the vehicle and vehicle running state information, guarantees efficient and reliable safety warning, is low in communication calculation cost, reduces vehicle power consumption, can improve vehicle traffic capacity on a road, and is an available and simple method for an application for assisting vehicle running safety in a car networking mode.


At Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, a 24 x 24 cm/sup 2/ RF source has been tested with beam acceleration. Recently, we have been investigating the characteristics of plasmas generated with different kinds of antenna coatings. The antenna coil was installed inside a cylindrical multicusp source (20-cm diam by 24-cm long) and was driven by a 500 W amplifier. A tiny light bulb filament was used to start a background plasma. The RF was then switched on and a steady-state hydrogen plasma of moderate density (n approx. = 10/sup 11//cm/sup 3/) could be sustained even with the filament turned off.


The present invention includes two of the orthometalated ligands and β- diketonate type ancillary ligands having imidazole moieties, including novel orthometalated transition metal complexes [C ^ N] 2 Surprisingly, when the metal is bonded to both the orthometalated ligands and β- diketonate type ancillary ligands containing an imidazole moiety, said ligand involved advantageously emission process , significantly widening the emission in the visible region, and it was found to allow a significant improvement of the complex [C ^ N] 2 A further object of the present invention, the luminescent material, and the use of organic light emitting device comprising said light emitting material.


The purpose of this article is to critically respond to the recent research trends in the United States which define the nobi in the Korean history as slaves and Koryo and Choson as slave societies. Our comparative study of the nobi system in the 15-17th century Choson and the black slavery in the American South has found several common features in the two institutions: both nobi and slaves comprised one third of the respective population; both were personal property of their masters and subjects of purchase, sale, and inheritance; most black slaves and some nobi were worked, fed, and clothed by their masters. We also found major differences. Although the average size of nobi-holding by the Choson yangban(ruling class) was smaller than that of slave-holding by American planters, there were cases of ultra-large-scale ownership by royal families and bureaucrats, very rare in the Unites States. The bigger the ownership size, the larger the share of independent peasant nobi, who were in possession of property rights, legal entities and civil rights. We also see critical differences between the two groups in cultural aspects. Black slaves remained isolated from the free people to the last, both because of their 'intrusive' origin that they were recruited from the alien land, and because of religious and secular prejudices nested toward their unerasable skin color. In the case of Choson nobi, collective memories about their 'extrusive' origins were very obscure, and most importantly, they were fused with freemen other than yangban without clear dividing line. These differences strongly influenced the process of their liberation. While in the United States, the moral and religious crusades which saw black slaves as owners of pure soul played effective roles, there was no substantial change in the perception of human nature in Choson, where the changes in the political landscape - the decline of yangban society which had counterbalanced the power of king - assumed a key factor. All these similarities and differences considered, we come to the conclusion that generally speaking, it is inappropriate to call nobi in Choson slaves.


In order to improve asset knowledge and avoid third part damages during road works, the localization of gas pipes in a non-destructive way has become a wide domain of research during these last years. The Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is used to detect buried gas pipes. However it does not directly provide a 3D position but a reflection map also called B-scan that the user must interpret. In order to facilitate the B-scan interpretation, we propose to use a dictionary of theoretical pipe signatures. One of the most popular method to compute the coefficients is the sparse coding. Nevertheless, clutter which is noticeable by its horizontal shape makes difficult to decompose it into sparse coefficients with this dictionary. Then a low-rank matrix constraint which models the clutter is applied in order to decompose the useful signal into sparse coefficients in a blind source separation framework. Our method has been applied to simulated and real data acquired on a test area. The proposed method presents satisfying qualitative and quantitative results.


This erratum to M41 Ductile‐Iron Pipe and Fittings replaces the equation in the middle of page 44; replaces the equation (8‐4) on page 89; and, replaces the equation (9‐6) on page 162.


This study explored several components of middle grades reform including school and family partnerships, interdisciplinary units of work, and student outcomes to increase art awareness, appreciation, and criticism. The case study was an empirical evaluation of the effects on student learning of the Teachers Involve Parents in Schoolwork (TIPS) Social Studies and Art Volunteers program in an urban middle school. The program organized parent and other volunteers in order to create opportunities for students to study interdisciplinary connections between art and social studies curricula in the middle grades. The volunteers prepared and presented discussions of prints of well-known art in students' social studies. Data were collected from over 400 students in Grades Six through 8 in a Baltimore City middle school to evaluate the effects of the TIPS Social Studies and Art Volunteers program. Results show that students increased their awareness of art, developed attitudes toward and preferences for different styles of art, and were able to express their likes and dislikes. Students' comments reflect variations in early adolescents' transitions from concrete to abstract thinking. The data support the viability of the program as one that may help other middle grades schools organize volunteers as part of a comprehensive program of six major types of school, family, and community partnerships.


The irradiance of the Sun is modulated on all time scales. Small-scale solar magnetic elements composed of quiet-Sun network and active region plages contribute to this modulation on solar cycle time scales. The evaluation of their contrast as a function of their magnetic field strength is an important constraint for models of solar irradiance variation. In this thesis, we improve and extend the results of earlier contrast studies taking advantage of the high resolution data delivered by the balloon-borne solar observatory Sunrise during its science flights in 2009 and 2013. In addition to the high quality of the Sunrise data, access to the UV wavelengths makes these data unique in this kind of study. In the first two parts of this thesis, we find that the contrast variation with the magnetic field strength agrees qualitatively with radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the quiet Sun. In particular, at a continuum wavelength around 500\,nm, the contrast does not decrease at large field strengths, indicative of having resolved these features. In addition, the contrast at all wavelengths in the quiet-Sun network is found to be higher than in solar plage, and the difference decreases with atmospheric height in accordance with empirical models of flux tubes. In the last part of this thesis, we make use of solar limb data observed by Sunrise to evaluate the contribution of stray light to the total point spread function of the telescope.


Introduction: Most developed countries recognized that solid waste management is very crucial for survival in addition to secure the safety of environment and human health. However, the developing countries like Ethiopia, let alone use its economic benefits, because of various reasons they are dumping of wastes in unauthorized sites, which easily expose to harsh hazards, like environmental pollution and health problem. This study was aimed to assess status of solid waste management, associated factors and service delivery performance of private solid waste collectors in Dire Dawa town from February 27-March 27, 2015. Methods: Community based cross sectional was conducted. Data was collected from 511 households, which were selected through multi-stage sampling from three kebeles, and further information from responsible staff and private participants using interviews, focus group discussion, and field observation. The Obtained data was entered using Epidata and finally analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done to identify the independent predictors of improper solid waste management. Result: The majority of the households, 352 (69%) disposed solid wastes in improper manner. Plastic, Ashe and "Chat geraba" constitute the major waste bulk generated by the households. Educational level of the household heads (AOR = 2.035, 95% CI = (1.255-3.301), Marital status of the respondent (AOR = 1.688, 95% CI = (1.081-2.634), Distance (AOR = 1.547, 95% CI = (1.060-2.257), awareness of Household head on Solid waste management (AOR = 3.863, 95% CI = (2.386-6.252), attitude of Household head on solid waste management (AOR = 1.759, 95% CI = (1.005-3.081), law enforcement(AOR = 2.872, 95% CI = (1.768-4.664)and Access to Micro and small scale enterprises ( AOR = 5.029, 95% CI = (3.277-7.717) were associated with improper household solid waste management in the study area. Manpower, budget, and facilities such as inadequate vehicles were the reasons for low performance of Micro and Small Scale Enterprises. Conclusion: The current study revealed that solid waste disposal system of most households was improper and unauthorized. Educational and marital status, family size, monthly income, Year of stay, location of household, access micro and small scale enterprises , awareness on solid waste management , attitude on Solid waste management and law enforcement were found to be associated with improper solid waste management. Manpower, budget, and facilities such as adequate vehicles were the reasons for low performance of solid waste management.


Background:Studies of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-6 in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of asthmatic patients are limited. This study was to determine the effect of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment on IL-4 and IL-6 in the EBC of asthmatic patients. Methods:In a prospective, open-label study, budesonide 200 &mgr;g twice daily by dry powder inhaler was administered to 23 adult patients with uncontrolled asthma (mean age 42.7 years) for 12 weeks. Changes in asthma scores, lung function parameters (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV1], peak expiratory flow [PEF], forced expiratory flow at 50% of forced vital capacity [FEF50], forced expiratory flow at 75% of forced vital capacity, maximum mid-expiratory flow rate) and the concentrations of IL-4 and IL-6 in EBC were measured. Results:Both asthma scores and lung function parameters were significantly improved by ICS treatment. The mean IL-4 concentration in the EBC was decreased gradually, from 1.92 ± 0.56 pmol/L before treatment to 1.60 ± 0.36 pmol/L after 8 weeks of treatment (P < 0.05) and 1.54 ± 0.81 pmol/L after 12 weeks of treatment (P < 0.01). However, the IL-6 concentration was not significantly decreased. The change in the IL-4 concentration was correlated with improvements in mean FEV1, PEF and FEF50 values (correlation coefficients −0.468, −0.478, and −0.426, respectively). Conclusions:The concentration of IL-4 in the EBC of asthmatic patients decreased gradually with ICS treatment. Measurement of IL-4 in EBC could be useful to monitor airway inflammation in asthmatics.


Abstract This paper presents the first English translation of one of Tanabe's early essays on Kant. Tanabe marks the occasion of the first translation of the Critique of Practical Reason into Japanese by providing his reflections on Kant's theory of freedom in this essay. This creative essay by Tanabe represents the hallmark Kyoto School interpretation of Kant. Tanabe weaves his account of Kant with elements from other philosophers in an attempt to think systematically about the nature of freedom. He agrees with Kant that morality itself "rises and falls" with the idea of freedom; however, Tanabe also tries to rescue some of the pitfalls he sees in Kant's theory by reconstructing Kant's account. In this brief, but rich essay, Tanabe unfolds one of the more creative aspects of his philosophy through Kant.


Two modifications to the constant area quantization (CAQ) video bandwidth compression scheme are described which together reduce the mean square error (MSE) in the reconstructed image by up to 70 percent. The first modification is merely a change in the CAQ algorithm requiring no additional hardware, whereas the second modification exploits line-to-line redundancies and necessitates the inclusion of one line of memory.


This study focuses on the evaluation of a traditional selection system for identifying the officer potential of women applicants for commissioned service in the Israeli military. Four hundred applicants were assessed utilizing well-designed traditional instruments. The performance on each of these instruments was validated against the final score attained by the applicants in officer training.

The best predictor was found to be the peer nomination score. It was also found that a differentially weighted composite of the predictors was superior to an equal weighted composite. The implications of these findings are discussed with regard to the use of a well-designed traditional selection system as an alternative to the assessment centre procedure for identifying officer potential.


First, I appreciate the critical appraisal of my paper by Fred Keijzer (2019), which further stimulates and helps crystalize my thoughts on immunity and cognition. My paper was developed from the search for the essence of immunity by studying immune functions in bacteria (Yakura, 2018). From this search, I learned two lessons. The first is that the definition of the immune system is based on its functional, but not structural, makeup. I thought that the same principle should be applied to the definition of cognitive systems. The second lesson is that the minimal functional components of the immune system in bacteria, namely, sensing of signals in milieu, integration of perceived information, a reaction based on integrated information, and the memory of that experience, are conserved throughout the evolution of immunity and almost completely superimpose upon the functional components of the central nervous system. This suggests that the immune system may serve as a neural-like functional machinery in bacteria, presumably in the absence of the nervous system. As I read Keijzer's comments, I came to realize that I unconsciously considered the problem of minimal cognition in terms of finding a process involving cognitive activities that fulfills the above criteria in an organism at the earliest evolutionary stage. Thus, my conclusion was that the perfect case for minimal cognition was the immune system of bacteria. For this reason, I thought that the bacterial immune system was ''a more universal and fundamental cognitive system in living beings.'' This conclusion also evades critiques of neo-Darwinism, the paradigm of modern biology (Nagel, 2012), because, as a highly significant condition, adversaries of neo-Darwinism demand that cognitive (or mental) mechanisms be preceded by other organisms in the earlier stages of evolution. If one takes this demand seriously, it is obligatory to adopt criteria such as my conclusion. Concerning the first point raised by Keijzer, he is right to note that this study provides a new example, but not a criterion. However, this should be interpreted in terms of the above reasoning. Given the functional components proposed for minimal cognition (Lyon, 2015), the immune system of bacteria may serve as a better example, rather than chemotaxis or other molecular regulatory networks in the cell, for the reasons discussed in the paper (Yakura, 2018). As for the second and third points, it is important to remember that although the bacterial immune system is of a biochemical and genetic nature, what counts most is not the structural features of a candidate system but the functional characteristics that it produces. Needless to say, any functional system has its proper structural basis, but our proposal does not demand that a minimal cognitive system should have structures similar or identical to CRISPR-Cas. Thus, I do not think this contradicts our own conclusion. At the same time, I completely agree with Keijzer's points that this is not the final answer for minimal cognition, that there is always a possibility of finding a system with more appropriate and broader explicative powers in the future, and that we must never forget to study real systems to understand cognitive phenomena. Finally, the fact that immune phenomena are found in almost all living beings suggests that (1) life and immunity have been intricately interwoven throughout life history; (2) similar to immunity, a cognitive system with memory is required for the existence and survival of life; and (3) the immune system, as a cognitive apparatus, has the broadest distribution in the realm of living organisms. In other words, immunity is coextensive with life such that if a possible extraterrestrial life form is found, the presence of an immune system, judged by functional, but not structural, conditions of cognition, may become a determining factor to confirm its authenticity. Anne Marie Moulin (1991) indicates that


Sign language production aims to automatically generate coordinated sign language videos from spoken language. As a typical sequence to sequence task, the existing methods are mostly to regard the skeletons as a whole sequence, however, those do not take the rich graph information among both joints and edges into consideration. In this paper, we propose a novel method named Spatial-Temporal Graph Transformer (STGT) to deal with this problem. Specifically, according to kinesiology, we first design a novel graph representation to achieve graph features from skeletons. Then the spatial-temporal graph self-attention utilizes graph topology to capture the intra-frame and inter-frame correlations, respectively. Our key innovation is that the attention maps are calculated on both spatial and temporal dimensions in turn, meanwhile, graph convolution is used to strengthen the short-term features of skeletal structure. Finally, due to the generated skeletons are based on the form of skeleton points and lines so far. In order to visualize the generated sign language videos, we design a sign mesh regression module to render the skeletons into skinned animations including body and hands posture. Comparing with states of art baseline on RWTH-PHONEIX Weather-2014T in Experiment Section, STGT can obtain the highest values on BLEU and ROUGE, which indicates our method produces most accurate and intuitive sign language videos.


Though the Joint of Probabilistic Data Association (JPDA) algorithm has been previously reported to be suitable for the problem of tracking multiple targets in the presence of clutter,the complexity of this algorithm increases rapidly with the number of targets and returns.A neural algorithm has been suggested after studying how the Hopfield neural net resolved the traveling salesman problem.


A significant challenge facing the US Dept. of Energy in the near future is that of effectively beginning the disposal of radioactive wastes accumulated since the nuclear program began in the early 1940s. This paper provides an overview of the approach being evaluated for defense waste at the Hanford Site near Richland, Washington, where over 60% of US defense waste is stored.


We developed an inorganic–organic hybrid thin film via the sol–gel method for a new liquid crystal alignment layer and investigated the influence of an organic species on the alignment characteristics of the liquid crystals (LCs). A thin film of methyl-doped amorphous silicon oxide (a-SiOx:CH3) was fabricated from the hydrolysis and condensation reaction of the initial precursors of methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) at a proper ratio. A low-energy ion beam (IB) treatment gives rise to the homogeneous alignment of LC in an IB condition on a-SiOx:CH3 thin film; however, it is difficult to control the LC alignment on a-SiOx thin film derived only from TEOS as a precursor. The LC alignment depending on the chemical structure of the silica thin film was investigated and analyzed in terms of the sensitivity of the axis-selective destruction of the chemical bonding on the surface of the thin silica film.


This work addresses a files allocation problem (FAP) in distributed computing systems. This FAP attempts to minimi7e the expected data transfer time for a specific program that must access several data files from non-perfect computer sites. We assume that communication capacity can be reserved; hence, the data transmission behavior is modeled as a many-to-one multi-commodity flow problem. A new critical-cut method is proposed to solve this reduced multi-commodity flow problem. Based on this method, two algorithms which use branch-and-bound are proposed for this FAP. The proposed algorithms are able to allocate data files having single copies or multiple replicated copies. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the algorithms.


In January 2009, the Family Research Council published a report entitled "Taxes in the Stimulus Package." 1 Its fi rst recommendation might seem surprising for an organization typically concerned about social issues like abortion: "Reduce the U.S. corporate tax rate sharply." Why would Christian social conservatives be concerned about tax rates, let alone taxes on corporations? The answer lies, in part, in the history of the conservative movement. Social and economic conservatives have been enmeshed in a long-standing alliance that, intellectually at least, stretches back to the 1950s. But the electoral calculus of this alliance does not give equal weight to both parties. Economic conservatives act as senior partners within the coalition, with social conservatives filling a more junior role. As part of this dynamic, GOP officials look for ways to mollify social conservatives without granting them big policy gains on the controversial social issues that are foremost on their agenda. Conservative operatives turn to discourse, particularly issue frames , to help shape social conservatives' agenda. By framing economic issues in a way that makes it easy for social conservatives to adopt them as their own, coalition leaders give social conservatives another reason to believe they are gaining from their alliance with economic conservatives and the Republican Party.


Corruption is one of the ailments in this country, a disease like a deadly virus effects every official. In the presence of corruptors, justice is reversed. Unfortunately, people like affirming the behavior of corruptor. Officials who had been convicted by the court as robbers of state money, actually rose and were later re-elected as regents or legislatures. Whereas nthose who are honest are not even given a place, even then they will be trapped in various cases. Justice is thus no longer given space, because injustice gets a respectable place. Isn't corruption a form of injustice that has usurped people's rights. Because of that corruption has broken dwon the societas. With the view of Thomas Aquinas, we will see how corruption has become spaces for the occurrence of injustice in society.


We present a framework for integrating two layers of map which are often required for fully automated operation: metric and semantic. Metric maps are likely to improve with subsequent visitations to the same place, while semantic maps can comprise both permanent and fluctuating features of the environment. However, it is not clear from the state of the art how to update the semantic layer as the metric map evolves. The strengths of our method are threefold: the framework allows for the unsupervised evolution of both maps as the environment is revisited by the robot; it uses vision-only sensors, making it appropriate for production cars; and the human labelling effort is minimised as far as possible while maintaining high fidelity. We evaluate this on two different car parks with a fully automated car, performing repeated automated parking manoeuvres to demonstrate the robustness of the system.


The issue of energy systems operation management in irregular electricity consumption conditions during the day is considered. The various types of power plants role in providing consumers with electricity are analyzed. A detailed analysis of the hydropower and pumped storage power plants role and functions in regulating the parameters of energy systems in the conditions of the modern energy market is given. The conclusion is made about the need for further development of the pumped storage power plant's (PSPP's) construction.


Adsorption with multi-components could provide a rich range of intermolecular interactions and offer a great opportunity to chemists interested in molecular assembling. In this article, we describe the results of the coadsorption of phthalocyanine and alkane derivatives on graphite surfaces. The structural details are revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The assembly behavior has been summarized. The possibility of controlling the assembling behavior is discussed.


The general demographic picture of the Vojvodina family was analyzed according to the 2002 population census. The prevailing family type is a married couple with children. In relation to the previous census, there has been an increase of single-parent families. The family in Vojvodina is ethnically homogeneous. Families with secondary education of both men and women are dominant, except in the type of married couples without children where the woman is mainly with uncompleted primary school. Family structure according to activities varies according to type of family unit, where there is birth differentiation as well. The most frequent families are those without children in which the woman is supported, and the man works. As regards families with children, the most frequent units are those in which both woman and man are active and working, but families in which only the man works are dominant.


In the 2xxx series alloys, intergranular corrosion is generally related to the strong reactivity of copper-rich intergranular precipitates leading to a copper enrichment of these particles. While the nature of the oxides formed inside the intergranular corrosion defects was assumed to strongly influence the intergranular corrosion propagation rate, it was not clearly identified due to the thickness of the oxide layer formed which required to use high resolution analytical techniques. The present work aims to characterize the intergranular corrosion defects formed for a 2024-T351 aluminum alloy after a 24 hours continuous immersion in a 1 M NaCl solution and compares the results to literature data concerning the oxide layers formed on copper-rich model alloys. A combination of focus ion beam (FIB) technique, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations and energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX) analyses was used to accurately characterize both the morphology and chemical composition of the intergranular corrosion defects. Results evidenced the dissolution of intergranular copper-rich particles, the formation of a 10-200 nm-thin metallic copper-rich layer at the oxide/metal interface and the incorporation of copper inside the amorphous alumina oxide film leading to the formation of structural defects of the oxide film.


Let G 1 and G 2 be two graphs. The Kronecker product G 1 × G 2 has vertex set V (G 1 × G 2 ) = V (G 1 ) × V (G 2 ) and edge set E (G 1 × G 2 ) = {(u 1 , v 1 )(u 2 , v 2 ) : u 1 u 2 ∈ E (G 1 ) and v 1 v 2 ∈ E (G 2 )}. In this paper we determine the super edge–connectivity of G × K n for n ≥ 3. More precisely, for n ≥ 3, if λ ′ (G ) denotes the super edge–connectivity of G , then at least  edges need to be removed from G × K n to get a disconnected graph that contains no isolated vertices.


This report summarizes releases of radioactive waste to the environs of the Savannah River Plant during the calendar year 1965. Total quantities of radioactive waste released from plant startup through 1965 are also reported. Accuracy is not always implied to the degree indicated by the number of significant figures reported. Values were not rounded off, since data will be used in future cumulative summaries. No explanations are given for unusual releases; this information may be found in the Radiological and Environmental Sciences Division Monthly Reports and in the Semi- annual and Annual Environmental Monitoring Reports for 1965.


Mitochondria are essential organelles found in nearly all eukaryotic cells, responsible for producing the energy that drives cellular processes [...].


Introduction:
 VF accounts for ~30% of all sudden cardiac arrest episodes. VF signal analysis in the frequency domain - calculating the amplitude spectral area (AMSA) - can inform on the probability that an electrical shock could terminate VF followed by return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). BLS guidelines require delivery of shocks every 2 min and epinephrine every 4 min. Yet, shocks often do not terminate VF and may injure the myocardium. We have previously reported that guiding the timing of shock delivery based on AMSA reduces myocardial injury and improves outcome. Epinephrine is given to increase the coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) and therefore myocardial blood flow but has detrimental effects on post-resuscitation myocardial function and possibly on neurological outcome.

 Hypothesis:
 Monitoring AMSA during CPR could be used not only to guide shock delivery but also to avoid administering epinephrine when AMSA predicts a high probability of shock success, reserving epinephrine when AMSA predicts a low probability of shock success and additional CPP increase might be helpful.

 Methods:
 In a swine model of electrically induced VF and mechanical chest compressions, two resuscitation protocols were compared in 8 pigs each: (1) A guidelines-driven (GD), delivering shocks and epinephrine guided by the current BLS protocol and (2) An AMSA-driven, delivering shocks and epinephrine guided by AMSA (ADSE). VF was untreated for 10 min and pigs that achieved ROSC were monitored for 240 min.

 Results:
 Compared to GD, ADSE was associated with a shorter time to ROSC (400±80 vs 569±16 sec, p=0.034) and higher survival rate at 240 minutes with borderline statistical significance (7/8 vs 3/8, p=0.059). ADSE required fewer shocks (3±2 vs 5±2, p=0.026) and received fewer doses of epinephrine (median [interquartile range], 1[1-1] vs 2[1.3-3], p=0.038).

 Conclusions:
 Resuscitation with the ADSE protocol was superior to the GD protocol resulting in a shorter time to ROSC with improved survival requiring fewer shocks and fewer epinephrine doses. The ADSE protocol represents a more tailored approach to resuscitation enabling delivery of resuscitation interventions with higher precision and consequently minimizing their associated adverse effects.


The transcriptional and translational control of the biosynthesis of the β‐lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid is a subject of great scientific and industrial interest. To study the role of the ribosomal protein L11 on control of clavulanic acid gene transcription, the DNA region aspC‐tRNAtrp‐secE‐rplK‐rplA‐rplJ‐rplL of Streptomyces clavuligerus was cloned and characterized. An S. clavuligerus rplKΔPALG mutant, with an internal 12 nucleotides in‐frame deletion in the rplK gene, encoding the L11 (RplK) ribosomal protein lacking amino acids 29PALG32, was constructed by gene replacement. This deletion alters the L11 N‐terminal domain that interacts with the RelA and class I releasing factors‐mediated translational termination. The mutant grew well, showed threefold higher resistance to thiostrepton, did not form spores and lacked diffusible brown pigments, as compared with the wild‐type strain. The wild‐type phenotype was recovered by complementation with the native rplK gene. S. clavuligerus rplKΔPALG produced reduced levels of clavulanic acid (15–26% as compared with the wild type) and cephamycin C (40–50%) in cultures grown in defined SA and complex TSB media. The decreased yields resulted from an impaired transcription of the regulatory genes ccaR and claR and the cefD and ceaS2 genes for cephamycin and clavulanic acid biosynthesis respectively. Expression of ceaS2 encoding carboxyethylarginine synthase (CEAS), the precursor‐committing enzyme for clavulanic acid biosynthesis, was particularly affected in this mutant. In the wild‐type strain polyphosphorylated nucleotides peaked at 36–48 h of growth in SA cultures whereas expression of the cephamycin and clavulanic acid genes occurred 12–24 h earlier than the increase in ppGpp indicating that there is no strict correlation between the peak of ppGpp and the onset of transcription of the clavulanic acid and cephamycin C biosynthesis. The drastic effect of the rplKΔPALG mutation on the onset of expression of the ceaS2 and the regulatory ccaR and claR genes and the lack of correlation with ppGpp levels suggest that the onset of transcription of these genes is modulated by the conformational alteration of the N‐terminal region of L11 probably by interaction with the nascent peptide releasing factors and with RelA.


In 2008, China launched existing residential buildings energy-saving retrofitting in northern heating areas and planned to retrofit 150 million square meters of existing residential buildings during 2008-2010, which has achieved good economic and social benefits. We have conducted in-depth research and investigation on buildings energy-saving retrofitting during 2008-2010 and made summarizing evaluation on the finished existing retrofitting work through questionnaires, field research and seminars and other forms. This paper analyzes several key issues about retrofitting of existing residential buildings in the questionnaire and puts forward opinions on such work during the "Twelfth Five-year" period.


A series of Eu ions doped apatite structure NaLa9(1-x)Eu9x(SiO4)6O2 phosphors were successfully synthesized by solid state reaction. The phase structure and luminescence properties morphology of the NaLa9(1−x)Eu9x(SiO4)6O2 phosphors were systemically investigated. The results indicate that all the samples adopt NaLa9(SiO4)6O2 phase and can be effectively excited by UV light or blue light to realize an intense red emission (615 nm). The quenching concentration for the transition of 5D0 → 7F2 in the NaLa9(1−x)Eu9x(SiO4)6O2 phosphor reaches up x = 0.7. The theoretical quenching concentration, quenching mechanism and thermal stability were also discussed. The as-prepared phosphors can compensate for the deficiency of the red emitting region of YAG:Ce3+ phosphor. The results show that NaLa9(1−x)Eu9x(SiO4)6O2 phosphor has potential application in solid state lighting.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate the changes in sensitivity to anthracycline and taxanes of human breast cancer cells after RABEX-5 downregulated.

METHODS
By constructing a lentiviral vector for RNA interference (RNAi) of RABEX-5 gene and transfected into human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 to silence the express of RABEX-5. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the silencing effect. The changes in sensitivity to chemotherapeutic drugs of MCF-7/RNAi and its negative control cell lines MCF-7/vector were detected by CCK-8 reagent.

RESULTS
Compared with MCF-7 cell and MCF-7/vector cell, the expression of RABEX-5 mRNA and protein was downregulated in MCF-7/RNAi cells. The sensitivity to epirubicin was reduced after downregulating the expression of RABEX-5, the 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of MCF-7/RNAi [(3.590 0 +/- 0.228 69) microg/mL] was higher than that of MCF-7/Vvector [(1.193 3 +/- 0.187 71) microg/mL, P < 0.05]; while the same effect was not found in docetaxel group, the IC50 were (11.162 7 +/- 0.210 26) microg/mL and (10.536 7 +/- 0.430 97) microg/mL, respectively (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION
Downregulation of RABEX-5 can induce chemoresistance to epirubicin in human breast cancer cell MCF-7; while its effect on sensitivity to docetaxel is not significant. This study can provide a theoretical basis for future research RABEX-5 in the individualized treatment of breast cancer.


Objective To explore the effect of standardized rehabilitation in improving the function of replanted finger-s.Methods 106 cases with replanted fingers in 2011 (control group) were cared according to routine rehabilitation training.112 cases with replanted fingers in 2012 (test group) were cared according to standardized rehabilitation including organizing rehabilitation care specialist team,applying rehabilitation training paths,improving methods,timing,frequency and intensity of rehabilitation,and establishing a database and QQ group communication platform for follow-up discharged patients.Results In test group,110 cases (98.12%) were followed up,101 cases (90.17%) were reviewed with orders,83 cases (82.17%) had excellent hand function assessment 3 months after surgery; 109 cases (97.32%) were followed up,98 cases (87.50%)were reviewed with orders,87 cases (88.77%) had excellent hand function assessment 6 months after surgery.All these indexes were better than those in control group (P < 0.05).Conclusions Scientific,continuous and periodic standardized rehabilitation can effectively promote functional recovery of replanted fingers and reduce disability.

Key words:
Replanted fingers;  Hand function;  Rehabilitation;  Nursing path


It becomes a hot issue to assess the structural integrity of thin-walled pipes and pipe items. ASME Section XI Code Case N597-2 [1] provides a criterion for acceptance of the pipes. But the code has several limitations for application and sometimes gives too conservative or non-conservative results. So works are in progress to modify and extend the code. For that purpose it is necessary to understand fully the technical bases of the code. In this paper technical bases were explained and the equations in the code were derived for the allowable local thickness of straight pipes. In N-597 code, the allowable local thickness of a thinned straight pipe is given for three different methods. Because of the different technical base, each method gives different thickness values and sometimes gives contradictory values. So in this paper attempts were made in order to propose a unified rule for the allowable local thickness and in order to remove or relax the restrictions on the application of the code. For this purpose elastic stress analyses were made using the finite element method and the stress results were examined. Based on the obtained bending stress results, a very simple procedure was proposed to obtain the consistent allowable local thickness for the thinned straight pipes.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


According to the principle of neural network learning algorithm and expert system, this paper gives a system structure, function realization and an evaluation model to evaluate air traffic control system efficacy based on BP algorithm. A study of the procedure to evaluate efficacy of air traffic control system is conducted with an example of a real en-route air traffic control center, which illustrates a way to assess air traffic control system efficacy using neural network.


The numerical simulation of neighborhood tunnel is studied in the whole construction process under asymmetric building load,adopting two excavation methods.Contrast on vertical displacement,principle stress of surrouding rocks and subsidence curve of ground is conducted between two excavation methods.The vertical deformation law of surrounding rocks and the comparability of vertical deformation law along the tunnel boundary are revealed.The variation law of subsidence curve of ground is obtained.The key locations of measurement and control are given for the feedback information construction.


Organizing a software architecture into layers has been one of the earliest architectural styles ever used. Even today layered structure is a very common architectural style used in various industrial systems. However, we have observed that the usage of layered architectural style varies greatly in different contexts. This paper aims to compare the notion of software architecture layers in research literature as well as in industrial practice. Firstly, we performed a systematic literature review of research articles on layered software architectures; we also reviewed selected books of software architecture. Secondly, to understand the practice, we investigated a number different recent architecture documents to cover the current usage of layered architectures. Our results indicate that there is very little actual research done on layered architectures. The current usage of layered structures seems to be more complex than reported before. This gap between the research and practice needs to be bridged by researchers.


In the late 1960s, at the peak of the Puerto Rican- and Black-led community control movement, United Bronx Parents, an organization of mostly immigrant mothers, launched the city's first sustained grassroots campaign to improve school lunch. This chapter explores the tenets of community control and the related movement of welfare rights to show how both informed the approach of parent organizers who staged the campaign and challenged New York City's Board of Education to improve services to school-aged children. The chapter also shows how food became a tool of empowerment: the campaign helped parents move from blaming themselves to having a systemic understanding of their children's disenfranchisement within a racist public school system. The campaign gave parent organizers the knowledge that they could solve problems more effectively than could school administrators.


Heterosis and inbreeding depression are known to be opposite phenomena that depend on allele frequencies and directional dominance. Heterosis refers to the superiority of the hybrid over its parents by an increase in the mean of crossbred individuals, while inbreeding depression refers to the reduction in the phenotypic mean of a population. Heterosis has been described as a function of the squared of the genetic divergence in allele frequency of the parents (Δ), and dominance (d), while inbreeding depression depends on d and allele frequencies. We derived a model of heterosis based on genetic divergence in allele frequencies between the parents (Δ), dominance, and inbreeding depression. Similarly, to better understand Δ and inbreeding depression we estimate shared identical by descent (IBD) segments between inbred lines of maize. The main objective was to understand the underlying basis of heterosis and to estimate genetic diversity and progenitor's genetic contribution based on the amount of shared IBD segments. To describe heterosis, six synthetic maize populations and eight inbred lines were used. Three crosses between synthetic populations, three between synthetic populations and the B129 inbred line, and six between inbred lines were evaluated in nine environments under a modified split-plot design with three replications. For easy deductions, heterosis model was defined under a single-locus two-alleles case and tested using a "goodness-of-fit" test. To estimate IBD segments, a set of 44 ex-PVP lines along with eight key ancestors of maize in the U.S. Corn Belt were selected. Shared IBD segments were identified by using a probabilistic approach based on a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) framework. Genetic diversity between individuals was estimated as 1 minus the kinship coefficient. Genome-wide kinship coefficients were calculated from the posterior probability of the IBD status at each locus. Our results showed that a single-locus two allele model of heterosis was adequate to describe the variation in


Abstract The response dynamics of AlSi eutectic microstructures on accelerated and decelerated directional solidification conditions is investigated with optical in-situ techniques during processing. In contrast to regular eutectics the microstructure in eutectic and off eutectic AlSi alloys is independent of the processing history. The spacing between the Si lamellae is completely determined by the locally achieved solidification velocity and can be calculated using well-known theories for stationary growth of irregular eutectics. The observation is important to industrial casting processes which are typically non-stationary, because the theory of stationary growth can be used to predict the eutectic morphology also under instationary conditions.


Culture is a wealth that must be maintained and preserved by the people of Indonesia. One of the Indonesian cultures that is still growing and developing today is the art of batik. Batik is a cultural heritage that has been designated by UNESCO since 2009 as a human heritage for oral and non-material culture (Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity). Batik has its own beauty, a variety of color patterns and curves of lines strung together into a beautiful unit that is written on the cloth. Adding aesthetic value in the form of isen is a very appropriate thing to beautify batik cloth. In every design, patterns and motifs contained in the fabric, of course it has its own meaning and philosophy. The aesthetic value in batik isen is an addition to the soul of batik, this is because isen is only used to add decoration to enrich the motif as well as to build a certain meaning that the creator wants to convey. Designing technology in the form of interactive multimedia applications as outlined in a storyboard is one of the important steps that must be taken in developing applications for introducing batik isen-isen. The results of the research carried out are, a storyboard design that has been completed has been implemented into an interactive multimedia application to introduce isen-isen to the public. The results of tests carried out using a black box test, it was found that the application was running according to the function and design of the storyboard that was made.


Taken as a group, the three commentaries reveal many of the difficult challenges, as well as opportunities, that confront social scientists exploring issues of temporality. Although the three authors take quite different stances, each highlights important issues for further work sensitive to historical process. Here I begin with Amy Bridges's more critical commentary before turning to the responses of Jervis and Thelen.


Viewed as the greatest Spanish composer of the modern era, Manuel de Falla's reputation rests on only a few works. This work documents his life, including his travels at home and abroad, his meetings with Ravel and Debussy, and his move to the Americas at the outbreak of World War II.


To reveal the characteristics of knee movement and tibio-femoral joint contact force, a novel single degree of freedom spatial mechanism is built to simulate the joint kinematics based on a three dimensional model of the human knee. The length changes of the three ligaments can be obtained by establishing and solving the kinematics spiral function. Based on this mechanism, a static model is built where linear springs are used to model the ligaments and whose stiffness coefficients are obtained by the finite element method. The main strength of the proposed model is that it associates the knee's flexion motion with internal/external rotation of the tibia based on the isometricity of the anterior cruciate ligament. This offers an efficient method to model and analyse the changes of ligament lengths and static kinematics after ligament reconstruction, which is crucial in designing knee recovery and rehabilitation equipment.


Polypyrrole-poly(viny1 alcohol) (PPy-PVA) and polypyrrole-carboxymethyl
cellulose (PPy-CMC) conducting polymer composite films were electrochemically
prepared on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) glass electrode from an aqueous solution
containing pyrrole monomer, p-toluene sulfonate dopant and poly(viny1
alcohol)/carboxymethyl cellulose insulating polymer. The PPy-PVA and PPy-
CMC composite films prepared from different process conditions were
characterized by Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray
diffraction (XRD) analysis, optical microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis
(DMA), and conductivity measurement. The highest conductivity of 64 Slcm
measured at room temperature was shown by PPy-PVA composite film prepared
fiom 0.2 M pyrrole, 0.1 M p-toluene sulfonate and 12 x lo4 M PVA at 1.2 volt (vsSCE) among all the PPY-PVA composite films produced. The PPy-CMC
composite film prepared from 0.3 M pyrrole, 0.1 M p-toluene sulfonate and 0.03 M
CMC at 1.2 volt (vs SCE) showed the highest conductivity of 38 Slcm among all
the PPy-CMC composite films produced. The FT-IR study of PPy-PVA and PPy-
CMC composite films shows the evidence of the incorporation of PVA and CMC
in PPy structure forming PPy-PVA and PPy-CMC composite films, respectively.
The conductivity data of PPy-PVA shows that with the increase in PVA
concentration in the pyrrole solution, the conductivity of the prepared PPy-PVA
film is increasing up to certain level due to the increase in conjugation length and
later it is decreasing with further increase in PVA concentration, which is again
linked with the conjugation length decrease. This is supported by the FT-IR band
intensity of Ic=c/Ic-N. The FT-IR study of PPy-CMC composite films shows that
with the increase in CMC concentration from 0.005 M to 0.01 M, the conductivity
first decreased and later with further increase in CMC concentration the
conductivity showed an increasing trend and finally at 0.04 M CMC, the
conductivity dropped.
The DMA results of PPy-PVA and PPy-CMC composite films show the enhanced
mechanical properties of both the composite films over PPy films without PVA or
CMC. The storage moduli of both the composite films were found much higher
than the PPy film prepared without PVA or CMC indicating that PPy-PVA and
PPy-CMC composite films are much stiffer than PPy films. The gradual decrease
of storage moduli of both the composite films with the increase in temperature ranging from 25 "C to 250 "C suggests that the composite films have got flexibility
in their chains and thus the chains are soft. On the other hand, the storage modulus
of PPy film only without PVA or CMC shows no decreasing tendency with the
increase in temperature ranging from 25 "C to 250 "C indicating that the PPy film is
very hard and have got no flexibility in its backbone chain.
The XRD results of both PPy-CMC and PPy-PVA composite films show that the
films are amorphous and have got very little order. The optical micrographs of
PPy-CMC and PPy-PVA show the globular surface morphology. The changes in
globular surface morphology with the change in process condition of the film
preparation indicates that the process parameters used to prepare the composite
films have got a good influence over the surface morphology. The intense
polymerization reaction has been evidenced from the surface morphology of the
films.
The results of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness in the
microwave range of 8-12 GHz show that the highest shielding effectiveness of
45.67 dB measured in the microwave range of 8-12 GHz corresponds to the total
attenuation of 99.4 % of microwave energy has been exhibited by the Pe-PVA
composite film prepared from 0.2 M pyrrole, 0.1 M p-toluene sulfonate and 12 x
10" M PVA at 1.2 volt (vs SCE) among all the PPy-PVA composite films
prepared. The highest shielding effectiveness of 35.7 dB measured in the
microwave range corresponds to the total attenuation of 98.32 % of microwave
energy has been exhibited by the PPy-CMC composite film prepared fiom 0.3 M pyrrole, 0.1 M p-toluene sulfonate and 0.03 M CMC at 1.2 volt (vs SCE) among all
the PPy-CMC composite films prepared. Thus, the promise of finding any
electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding applications in the microwave
frequency range lies in PPy-PVA and PPy-CMC conducting polymer composite
films.


Evapotranspiration (ET) in constructed wetlands (CWs) represents a major factor affecting hydrodynamics and treatment performances. The presence of high ET was shown to improve global treatment performances, however ET is affected by a wide range of parameters including plant development and CWs age. Our study aimed at modelling the effect of plants and peat on ET in CWs; since we hypothesized peat could behave like the presence of accumulated organic matter in old CWs. Treatment performances, hydraulic behaviour, and ET rates were measured in eight 1 m2 CWs mesocosm (1 unplanted, 1 unplanted with peat, 2 planted with Phragmites australis, 2 planted with Typha latifolia and 2 planted with Phragmites australis with peat). Two models were built using first order kinetics to simulate COD and TKN removal with ET as an input. The effect of peat was positive on ET and was related to the better growth conditions it offered to macrophytes. Removal efficiency in pilot units with larger ET was higher for TKN. On average, results show for COD a k20 value of 0.88 d−1 and 0.36 d−1 for TKN. We hypothesized that the main effect of ET was to concentrate effluent, thus enhancing degradation rates.


A statistical study of wave packets of terminator origin using GEONET GPS data for 87 days in 2008 was done. There were some seasonal and latitudinal features in occurrence of the packets. In spring packets are registered 1.7 times more often in the south region than in the north one and in summer −1.3 times more often in the north than south region. Autumn packets registration rate have two maxima: 4 hour after and at the same time as terminator appears over the registration point. Similar distribution maxima are registered in summer in the south of Japan.


New transport technologies have been rapidly developed and various transport systems are ready to introduce. However, there no exists effective decision making tools for pre-feasibility studies on transport systems. The pre-feasibility studies should provide reliable solutions about whether a certain transport system is feasible or not by cost-benefit analysis and effectiveness test of enhancing regional economy. This study introduces the smart transport investment/information system (SMARTIS) for supporting decision making with ease, fast and reliable methods. The SMARTIS incorporates travel demand estimates into the process of feasibility studies with automatic data processing methods to give reliable solutions quickly. The SMARTIS is expected to be informative for transit agencies, planners, and operators.


This paper presents an approach using data assimilation to take into account X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite observations in a detailed snowpack model. The SURFEX/Crocus snow model, developed by MeteoFrance, is used to simulate the detail stratigraphy of multilayer snow-pack from meteorological conditions. The Dense Media Radiative Transfer (DMRT) model allows the simulation of SAR backscattering coefficient using the physical parameters of snowpack (density and optical grain diameter of each layer). The development of an adjoint model of the DMRT and the implementation of three-dimensional variational (3D-Var) data assimilation algorithm enable us to reduce the discrepancy between the backscattering coefficients simulated using DMRT and measured using SAR satellite, through modifying the previously said physical parameters of snowpack. This approach provides the ability to constrain the detailed snowpack model SURFEX/Crocus using SAR observations and allows the retrieval of snowpack properties such as Snow Water Equivalent (SWE). Case study has been carried out using a time series of TerraSAR-X acquisitions on Argentière glacier (Chamonix Mont Blanc, France) in winter 2008-2009.


In analyzing the socioeconomic dimensions of emigration in recent years causes costs and concerns may be considered. The patterns of population flows from 2 adjacent pockets of emigration in Kerala (India) are presented to emphasize the implications of economic and educational differences for costs of and returns to emigration. The study was conducted in a coastal region in Trivandrum district in 2 panchayat wards--Perumathura in the Chirayinkil panchayat and Puthukurichi in the Kadinamkulam panchayat which has been 1 of the centers of immense emigration activity in recent years. There were emigrations from about 50% of the households in Perumathura and 40% of the households in Puthukurichi. The sample of 125 households 91 households in Perumathura and 34 households in Puthukurichi formed about 28% of the total number of emigrant households in these 2 communities. Emigration began in nearly 90% of the households in the combined sample only since 1966. Of the 2 areas households in Puthukurichi showed a longer tradition of emigration. Emigrants from the study area were not lifetime emigrants. In old age or consequent to retirement or disablement they invariably returned home. The educational level of the parents of most of the emigrants was low. All the emigrants except 1 were male. In the combined sample 96% of the emigrants were in countries in the Gulf region. Nearly 80% went abroad for the 1st time after 1970 and 13% during the 2nd half of the 1960s. A large majority of the emigrants were at work in Abu Dhabi. The educational levels of the emigrants were in general low even though they were higher than those of their fathers an indication of the gradual upward intergenerational educational mobility occurring in Kerala. Nearly 1/2 of the total number of the emigrants were employed at the time of emigration. More than 2/5 of the total emigrants were skilled workers and a small percentage were teachers clerks storekeepers and medical practitioners. For entry into the countries in the Gulf region a No Objection Certificate (NOC) from the host country is necessary. At current market rates an NOC might cost up to Rs 15000. The bulk of the expenses involved in emigration consists of the price of the NOC. To the extent that the NOCs are free or are secured at nominal expenses through close relatives or other sources total cost of emigration are reduced. Other expenses include mainly those incurred for passport dress and travel. The sources of financing the expenses of emigration are numerous. The educational status and the work experience of the emigrants determined in general their employment and income status abroad. The impact of emigration and inflow of incomes on the local economic conditions was visible more in Perumathura than in Puthukurichi.


In an age of rapid global change the roles that engineers fulfil are also
changing rapidly. This research programme seeks to establish the views of
practising engineers about the future demands that will be placed upon
them and then examines the views of engineering educators on the
approaches that can be taken to prepare engineers for these future roles.
The research focused upon related developments in engineering in two
countries, Malaysia and the United Kingdom (UK), and in two engineering
disciplines, civil and manufacturing engineering.
The methodology employed in the first phase of the research was a
scenario-based approach in which engineers were asked to assess the
Implications for engineers of two major change developments, triggered by
information and communication technology (IT); 'processes improvement'
and 'globalization'. [Continues.]


A sequence of very weak earthquakes was recorded by local seismic stations in Hrubý Jesenik Mts. (NE part of the Czech Republic) in June and July 2012. The strongest event with local magnitude 2.3 on June 14, 2012 at 21:38 UTC was felt by people to 20 km around the epicentre with a macroseismic intensity 3–4° EMS-98. In spite of the fact that calculated focal mechanisms are still missing, the spatial extent of microearthquake epicentres suggests that the local seismicity is co-determined by the activity of the Klepacov fault and the Sudetic Marginal – Běla fault system.


We experimentally investigate strong-field dissociative Rydberg excitation (DRE) of ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ molecules by using the photoelectron photoion coincidence spectrum, in which the outgoing neutral Rydberg fragments created by the strong laser fields are postionized by the weak static dc field of the spectrometer and afterwards detected as charged particles. The peak positions of the sum-kinetic energy release (KER) spectrum of the ejected nuclear fragments and electrons of the dissociative single ionization (DSI) channel are measured to be similar to that of the DRE channel, although their nuclear KER spectra are distinct. It indicates that the same number of photons is absorbed by the molecule in accessing the DRE and DSI channels, which are partitioned by the electron and nuclear fragments with various proportions. Different pathways towards the DRE and DSI channels are discussed based on the correlated dynamics of the nuclear fragments and electrons. Our results show that the DRE channel observed here is mostly accessed by the multiphoton resonance excitation process.


The article analyses the sign «social group» contained in several norms of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. In considering this sign, the author says his estimates. The article concludes with the necessity of a restrictive interpretation of the concept of a social group for purposes of criminal law, suggests appropriate criteria for certain associations of persons to such groups.


Background. The gauge is used for accurately sizing apex of gutta−percha cones before root canals obturation. Accurately fitted cone enables perfect obturation of apical portion of root canal. Objectives. To compare the fabrication quality of gauges produced by two different manufacturers. Material and Methods. In this study, the diameter holes and the shape of calibrated gauges holes were evaluated. The research was conducted under scanning electron microscope. The results were compared with the values given by manufacturers. Results. Small differences between values given by manufacturers and measured values were revealed. Conclusion. Gauges are useful devices because they enable to check and measure the diameter of gutta−percha master cone (Dent. Med. Probl. 2009, 46, 4, 450–453).


Study Purpose. The perceptions of coaches' moral character and the factors that make a successful coaching environment were the main subjects of this study.
Materials and Methods. Utilizing a descriptive survey approach, the investigation was finished. Experienced collegiate coaches from various sports leagues at preselected public schools and universities were included in the study..
Results and Discussions. According to data, university sports programs should place a high priority on coaches' moral behavior, particularly when it comes to treating players fairly and carrying out their tasks without violating their rights based on their race, gender, or other characteristics. Coaches should also provide each athlete equal attention and create a motivating environment for them.
Conclussion. Better policy in collegiate sports programs should be built on more research on the effectiveness of coaches.


Purpose: There is persistent controversy as to whether EGFR and KRAS mutations occur in pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC). We hypothesized that the reported variability may reflect difficulties in the pathologic distinction of true SQCC from adenosquamous carcinoma (AD-SQC) and poorly differentiated adenocarcinomadue to incomplete sampling ormorphologic overlap. The recent development of a robust immunohistochemical approach for distinguishing squamous versus glandular differentiation provides an opportunity to reassess EGFR/KRAS and other targetable kinase mutation frequencies in a pathologically homogeneous series of SQCC. Experimental Design: Ninety-five resected SQCCs, verified by immunohistochemistry as DNp63þ/ TTF-1 , were tested for activatingmutations inEGFR,KRAS,BRAF,PIK3CA,NRAS,AKT1,ERBB2/HER2, and MAP2K1/MEK1. In addition, all tissue samples from rare patients with the diagnosis of EGFR/KRAS-mutant "SQCC" encountered during 5 years of routine clinical genotyping were reassessed pathologically. Results: The screen of 95 biomarker-verified SQCCs revealed no EGFR/KRAS [0%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0%–3.8%], four PIK3CA (4%; 95% CI, 1%–10%), and one AKT1 (1%; 95% CI, 0%–5.7%) mutations. Detailedmorphologic and immunohistochemical reevaluation of EGFR/KRAS-mutant "SQCC" identified during clinical genotyping (n 1⁄4 16) resulted in reclassification of 10 (63%) cases as AD-SQC and five (31%) cases as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma morphologically mimicking SQCC (i.e., adenocarcinoma with "squamoid" morphology). One (6%) case had no follow-up. Conclusions:Ourfindings suggest thatEGFR/KRASmutationsdonotoccur inpurepulmonarySQCC,and occasional detection of these mutations in samples diagnosed as "SQCC" is due to challenges with the diagnosis of AD-SQC and adenocarcinoma, which can be largely resolved by comprehensive pathologic assessment incorporating immunohistochemical biomarkers.ClinCancer Res; 18(4); 1167–76. 2012AACR.


Prevention of fatal side effects during the therapy of cancer patients with high-dosed pharmacological inhibitors is to date a major challenge. Moreover, the development of drug resistance poses severe problems for the treatment of patients with leukemia or solid tumors. Particularly drug-mediated dimerization of RAF kinases can be the cause of acquired resistance, also called "paradoxical activation". By re-analyzing the effects of different tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) on the proliferation, metabolic activity, and survival of the Imatinib-resistant, KITV560G,D816V-expressing human mast cell leukemia (MCL) cell line HMC-1.2, low concentrations of the TKIs Nilotinib and Ponatinib resulted in enhanced proliferation, suggesting paradoxical activation of the MAPK pathway. Indeed, these TKIs caused BRAF-CRAF dimerization, resulting in ERK1/2 activation. This allowed then for the effective suppression of HMC-1.2 proliferation and metabolic activity, as well as induction of apoptotic cell death in the presence of nanomolar concentrations of a combination of Ponatinib and of the MEK inhibitor Trametinib. Effectiveness of this drug combination was recapitulated in the human MC line ROSA expressing KITD816V as well as in Imatinib-resistant Ba/F3-BCR-ABLT315I cells. In conclusion, Imatinib-resistance in cells expressing respective mutants of the tyrosine kinases KIT or BCR-ABL can be efficiently bypassed by a low-concentration combination of the TKI Ponatinib and the MEK inhibitor Trametinib, potentially reducing negative side-effects in the therapy of leukemia patients.


The new lesson of phsical educatin made a reform of the old lesson. The neWlesson is taken the content of health educatin and its aim is to enhance health.Thetake up of the new lesson and the Criterion of health and the experimentation and useof new teaching material will impulse the refbrms of physical education lesson、 teachingmaterial and teaching of our country.The opinon of traditional PE teaching Will takeplace important change.The thesis mainly analyses and expounds the essence of PE lesson.The essence is important the studens' status、 care of health and improve the qualityof life.We wish analyse the humanism of the new lesson and add the comprehend of PEand health.


Objective The aims of this ANSI/AAMI/ISO validation study were to assess the accuracy of the Omron HEM-9210T, developed to utilize a small cuff, a wide-range cuff, and an extra-large cuff in the adult population. If accurate, the wide-range and extra-large cuffs will be of clinical significance in both medical and self-measurement environments. Methods Individuals were recruited at an independent clinical research center. Eighty-five patients comprised the final analyses. Results The mean±SD of the systolic blood pressure (BP) differences between device and reference were 0.5±5.96 mmHg for analysis criterion 1 and 0.5±4.65 mmHg for criterion 2. The data for diastolic BP were −0.5±5.58 for criterion 1 and −0.5±5.01 mmHg for criterion 2. The HEM-9210T passed the Standard's requirements for both systolic and diastolic BP. In particular, both the wide-range and extra-large cuffs gave accurate BP values over the range of arm circumferences of 22–42 and 42–50 cm, respectively. Conclusion These newly developed cuffs have great clinical benefit for both medical and self-measurement environments.


Pine is regarded as a remedy of wounds in traditional medicine. Terpene acids like abieticand isopimaric acid are the active constituents which poses antibacterial activities.The hexane fraction of both Pinus halepensis and Cedrus libani was assayed against eightdifferent bacteria of G+ve and G-ve using agar diffusion method. The zones of inhibition weredetermined and compared with the wide spectrum antibacterial ciprofloxacin as a positivecontrol


The large-scale generation of vegetable waste in China has become a significant environmental concern. The traditional method of composting results in high nitrogen losses during the process and in the final product. To address this issue and shorten the composting period, this study investigated the effects of bamboo vinegar (BV) and a microbial inoculant (MI) on the physical and chemical properties of the compost and bacterial community composition during the composting process. The results revealed that the addition of BV and BV + MI decreased the time required to reach thermophilic temperatures and conserved nitrogen in the final product. Furthermore, it was found that the dominant nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria, as identified through 16S rDNA analysis, belonged to Nitrosomonas and Proteobacteria, respectively. BV and BV + MI reduced NH3 and N2O emissions, which suggested that BV is a beneficial composting agent that preserves nitrogen during the composting process.


ABSTRACT
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with an increased risk of acute ischemic cerebrovascular accidents in adults. However, this association has not been well established in the pediatric population. We report a case of acute right internal capsule lacunar infarct manifesting as left-sided hemiplegia in an adolescent with severe obesity. Severe untreated OSA was identified during the hospital stay. Positive airway pressure therapy, weight loss, and tonsillectomy eventually normalized sleep-disordered breathing. The patient recovered completely without any residual neurological deficits with multidisciplinary care. Lacunar infarcts due to hypertension-related cerebral vasculopathy is a well-known cause of stroke in adults. Untreated OSA may cause hypertension and potentially predispose even the pediatric population to develop lacunar infarcts. Polysomnogram needs to be considered as a part of the diagnostic algorithm in pediatric stroke patients.


Introduction: Previous reports have shown inconsistent findings with regard to the relationship between biologic therapy and risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the overall rate of MACEs in a cohort of 398 patients. Methods: All patients treated with biologics for psoriasis at 2 academic centers in Toronto, Ontario, between September 2005 and September 2014 were considered for inclusion. Medical records were reviewed to identify MACEs. Results: A total of 398 patients were included. The median duration of disease was 19.8 years. Median time to biologic therapy withdrawal because of an adverse event was 23.5 months. In this cohort, no MACEs were identified in patients treated with biologic therapy. Conclusions: Biologic treatment for psoriasis was not associated with increased cardiovascular risk in this cohort. These results require validation in larger studies.


This study of the origins and rise of the Filipino novel, for which the author was awarded a Ph.D. by the University of the Philippines in 1979, clearly demonstrates the social, economic, and political forces that first produced and then continued to shape the genre up to 1940. Yet the study is more than just a chronological history of the moulding of the genre by a specific cultural setting, for it also analyzes and evaluates the internal developments of not just the genre itself but also the indigenous traditions to which it belongs. The Filipino novel, which appeared late in the nineteenth century, developed from a dynamic precolonial tradition of folk narratives (epics, ballads) as these interacted with and were modified by the cultural forms (corridos) introduced by the Spanish colonizers. The study traces, within the social context, the formal mutations undergone by the narrative of the epic through the following literary forms, each of which developed from its predecessor: the corrido, the religious conduct book, the vernacular novel, and the novel in English. The approach is eminently successful in answering the one broad question to which the study addresses itself: "What forces in literary tradition (and this necessarily includes the facts of social history) determined or occasioned the shifts that led to the rise of the novel and constituted its formation up to 1940?" The exposition of the social circumstances to which the analysis of the "internal shifts" is related serves to explain the specific characteristics of the Filipino novel: its tendency to be didactic, socialistic, and nationalistic and to develop an idealized rather than an empirical portrayal of life. The study also discusses the rise and generally deleterious impact of popular literature on the art of the Filipino novel early in the twentieth century. The scope of this study, based on "170 primary texts, most of them novels," is wide. Although it concentrates on novels in four of the many languages of the Philippines—Spanish, English, Tagalog, Cebuano—the few works in Uoko and Hiligayon that are considered help to invest it with a wider national outlook. Further, the discussion of the form and geneology of the novel draws upon not only diverse literary forms such as epics, religious conduct books, romances, lives, novelettes, and works in popular periodicals but also the latest studies


Significance It is not known whether the fossil content of amber accurately represents the arthropod biodiversity of past forests, and if and how those fossils can be compared with recent fauna for studies and predictions of biodiversity change through time. Our study of arthropods (mainly insects and spiders) living around the resinous angiosperm tree Hymenaea verrucosa Gaertner, 1791 in the lowland coastal forest of Madagascar, and arthropods trapped by the resin produced by this tree species, demonstrates that amber does not record the true past biodiversity of the entire forest. However, our results reveal how taphonomic processes, arthropod behaviors, and ecological relationships can influence arthropod death assemblages in resins and play a crucial role in controlling their taxonomic compositions. Amber is an organic multicompound derivative from the polymerization of resin of diverse higher plants. Compared with other modes of fossil preservation, amber records the anatomy of and ecological interactions between ancient soft-bodied organisms with exceptional fidelity. However, it is currently suggested that ambers do not accurately record the composition of arthropod forest paleocommunities, due to crucial taphonomic biases. We evaluated the effects of taphonomic processes on arthropod entrapment by resin from the plant Hymenaea, one of the most important resin-producing trees and a producer of tropical Cenozoic ambers and Anthropocene (or subfossil) resins. We statistically compared natural entrapment by Hymenaea verrucosa tree resin with the ensemble of arthropods trapped by standardized entomological traps around the same tree species. Our results demonstrate that assemblages in resin are more similar to those from sticky traps than from malaise traps, providing an accurate representation of the arthropod fauna living in or near the resiniferous tree, but not of entire arthropod forest communities. Particularly, arthropod groups such as Lepidoptera, Collembola, and some Diptera are underrepresented in resins. However, resin assemblages differed slightly from sticky traps, perhaps because chemical compounds in the resins attract or repel specific insect groups. Ground-dwelling or flying arthropods that use the tree-trunk habitat for feeding or reproduction are also well represented in the resin assemblages, implying that fossil inclusions in amber can reveal fundamental information about biology of the past. These biases have implications for the paleoecological interpretation of the fossil record, principally of Cenozoic amber with angiosperm origin.


We present a rare case of Stark–Kaeser type scapuloperoneal syndrome type with mild weakness and hypotrophy in proximal limb, with rough paresis of feet, walking dysfunction and slowly-progressive course. The article briefly describes current views on the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease. The case is of interest to physicians of various specialties for the differential diagnosis of inherited neuromuscular disorders.


The paper analyzes importance of safety culture quality of member and points out that it determines safety situation of industry,it also discusses detailedly about the four factors that determine safety culture quality of member in order to realize harmonious development of society and industry.


Fermented dairy products have been associated with multiple health benefits. The present study aimed to produce a functional yogurt drink fortified with golden berry juice and assess its therapeutic effect on hepatitis rats. Thirty male albino rats were randomly divided into two major groups. The first group included the control (-) animals (six rats) and was fed a standard diet, whereas the second group included 24 rats that were fed a standard diet and injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) for 2 weeks to trigger chronic damage of the liver (hepatitis); they were then divided into four groups (six rats/group): Group 2: hepatitis, fed on a standard diet as a positive control group; Group 3: received a basal diet with 5 mL of the yogurt drink; Group 4: received a basal diet with 5 mL of the yogurt drink fortified with 10% golden berry juice. Group 5: received a basal diet with 5 mL of the yogurt drink fortified with 20% golden berry juice. Various biological parameters were determined. Yogurt drink treatments were evaluated for their chemical, phytochemical, and sensory properties, as well as for their effects on hepatoprotective activity by determining various biochemical parameters. We found that the yogurt drinks containing golden berry juice exhibited no significant differences in fat, protein, and ash content compared with the control samples. Moreover, the yogurt drinks containing golden berry juice exhibited the highest content of total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, and organoleptic scores among all treatments. In addition, rats fed on a diet fortified with yogurt drinks containing golden berry juice for 8 weeks exhibited higher potential hepatoprotective effects compared with the liver injury control group. This improvement was partly observed in the group that received the yogurt drink containing golden berry juice. Therefore, we concluded that golden berry juice can be recommended as a natural additive in the manufacture of functional yogurt drinks, as it showed a potential hepatoprotective effect in rats with hepatitis.


The present study examined the content of the curriculum as early as the sixth thinking and research based selected criteria to determine the content of public school teachers and experts was conducted in Tehran. Methods this study used a descriptive survey. The study population sixth grade elementary public school teachers and 3176 students in Tehran in the academic year teaching 94–1393 19 experts. They have three primary areas of 19 districts of Tehran. In the present study, according to the merits of the population stratified random sampling with volume and Morgan 353 for selected teachers, due to the limitations of the experts, the whole thing, for example, a total of 372 persons was. Measuring instruments in this study, questionnaire developed by the researchers based on five-point Likert scale from strongly agree to strongly disagree with the number 34 is questionable. The results showed that public school teachers and experts in Tehran, the content of the sixth grade curriculum thinking and research based criteria determined by the selected content does not match. In other words, both groups have a common view content in compliance with the principles set out are.


The ignition of a detonation wave by the motion of a piston or by the reflection of a shock from the end wall of a shock tube is a subject which has received much attention, experimentally (e.g. [1,2]), theoretically [3-8], and numerically [9-11]. In order to investigate the evolution of planar detonations, initiated by a constant velocity piston or equivalently by shock reflection, extremely long time, very high resolution one-dimensional numerical simulations are performed. A hierarchical adaptive second-order Godunov scheme is used to perform the calculations. The boundary at x = 0 is a reflective condition, and the initial conditions are given by the quiescent (unreacted) state of the fuel, which is moving to the left at constant speed. Hence, this corresponds to a piston moving at constant speed into the initially stationary fluid, as viewed from the piston rest frame, or a reflection of a shock from a stationary wall, at the point at which the incident shock has just reached the wall. A resolution of 128 points per half-reaction length of the steady detonation corresponding to the given piston speed is used. Resolution studies are performed to show that this is about the minimum required to fully resolve the very short time and space scales involved in the ignition process and also to fully resolve large amplitude pulsating detonations. The domain size is some 32 000 half-reaction lengths. The characteristic (unit) time and length scales are taken to be the half-reaction time and length of the steady detonation. Firstly, a single irreversible, Arrhenius reaction rate is used, since this is the most widely studied model in previous work. Parameter sets are first investigated for which the steady detonation which should ultimately be produced for a given piston speed is one-dimensionally stable. Previous work [3,4,6,10,11] is extended to much later times. As found previously, the initial stages of the evolution consist of an induction zone behind the leading shock produced by the piston motion, followed by thermal runaway at the piston, the subsequent creation of a forward moving shockless reaction wave (which consists of a quasisteady weak detonation, unsteady combustion region, and quasi-steady fast flame [10]), the creation of a second (reaction) shock as the weak detonation slows to the Chapman-Jouguet speed and the subsequent amplification of the reaction shock and heat release rate to form a detonation. The calculations in [10] terminated shortly after the formation of the detonation. However, at this stage the detonation is still propagating through the inhomogeneous induction zone behind the leading shock. Here, the collision of the detonation with the leading shock, and the subsequent evolution of the detonation is considered in detail. When the detonation overtakes the leading shock, a new transmitted shock (moving faster than the leading shock before the collision), a contact discontinuity and an expansion wave are created near the point of collision. The reaction zone of the detonation remains behind the contact, while the transmitted shock accelerates away from it and into the upstream, quiescent gas, igniting new reactions behind it. The new leading shock and heat release amplify each other so that the outcome is a highly overdriven detonation now propagating into the quiescent, upstream fuel. The old reaction zone behind the lagging contact eventually burns out, producing pressure waves. Indeed, many large amplitude gasdynamical disturbances downstream of the front are produced in the collision. The now leading overdriven detonation begins to relax towards the steady state. A downstream rarefaction which overtakes the front is responsible for degrading the detonation speed (shock pressure). However, this rarefaction is very weak on the detonation scale (i.e. the length scale for decrease in pressure within the rarefaction is very large compared to the reaction length) so that the rate of decrease of the detonation speed is surprisingly slow. The rate at which the detonation speed decreases also slows as the rarefaction becomes weaker and weaker. The detonation front remains quasi-steady as it slowly relaxes. Meanwhile the gasdynamical disturbances downstream of the rarefaction, which were created in the collision of the detonation with the leading shock, interact and evolve in a complicated way, including reflections from the piston. Figure 1 shows the pressure profile of the whole flow field at various times


We simulate social network games of a portfolio selection to analyze how knowledge, preferences of agents and their level of omniscience affect their decision-making. The key feature of the paper is that preferences and the level of omniscience of agents very much determine the ways agents make their decision. While omniscient agents respond very rapidly to the changing market conditions, non-omniscient agents are more resistant to such changes. By introducing one-time shock, we found that its efficiency depends on the level of omniscience of agents, with much stronger efficiency under omniscient agents.


The impact of aqueous extracts from the leaves of Callistemon rigidus, Lippia multiflora and Plectranthus glandulosus on the foraging behavior of Apis mellifera on Glycine max flowers were evaluated in Ngaoundéré Cameroon, during two successive agricultural seasons. The search was conducted in 1064 m2 experimental field with treatments arranged in a completely randomized blocks design 4 times replicated: 1 control x 3 plants x 3 extracts x 3 concentrations (5%, 10% and 15%) x 1 standard synthesis insecticide (Decis) x four groups of flower buds (group 1: flowers free to insect visits; group 2: flowers protected from insects using gauze bags; group 3: protected flowers and opened exclusively to A. mellifera and group 4: protected flowers opened from time to time without any visit of insects or other organisms). This Fabaceae was visited by nine species of insects of which the honeybee, A. mellifera was the most numerous (> 90%) and exclusively collected nectar. The different insecticides tested were attractive to this pollinating insect, specially at the concentration of 15%. The mean duration visit of this bee varied from 1.9 sec on the plots treated with Decis to 4.4 sec on the plots treated with 15% C. rigidus. The fruiting indices were 0.96, 0.69, 0.94 and 0.67 respectively for flowers of group 1, 2, 3 and 4. Callistemon rigidus at the content of 15% significantly improved the fruiting rate compared to the other treatments. According to this study, it would be wise to use aqueous extracts at 15% concentrations to improve the pollinating activity of A. mellifera in order to improve seed yield.


A "rotating wall" electric field is shown to give steady-state confinement of a column of 3 3 109 electrons in a Penning-Malmberg trap at 4 tesla. By increasing the frequency of the rotating drive, a central-density compression by a factor of 20 has been obtained. For both dipole and quadrupole drives (i.e., mu  1 and 2), the compression rate depends on drive frequency, exhibiting peaks associated with kz fi 0 Trivelpiece-Gould plasma modes. The drive also causes plasma heating, but cyclotron radiation cooling keeps the temperature low enough that background gas ionization is negligible. [S0031-9007(98)07771-0]


The incorporation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Web 3.0 tools and applications in university education is widely seen as central to the transformation of Higher Education Institutions, providing opportunities to enhance traditional modes of teaching and learning, consistent with the need to fulfil the learning demand of the 'Digital Native' generations. Within this context, the University of Urbino has recently implemented a three-year experimental project called "Aula 3.0 e Multimodalità Didattica" aimed at promoting active and learner-centred pedagogical practices that can integrate or replace traditional teacher-directed instruction. To this end, the university has been equipped with four highly technological and flexible learning spaces (called "Aule 3.0"), all equipped with movable tables, wi-fi, mobile devices, an interactive whiteboard and a projector, in which innovative and multimodal teaching approaches are being experimented and tested. In particular, one experimental course was carried out in the academic year 2018-2019 (Didactics of Modern Languages I, Master in Foreign Languages and Intercultural Studies), in which a multimodal teaching and learning approach was used, combining ICT-mediated and web-based activities, face-to-face collaborative tasks, e-learning, and teacher-direct instruction. The purpose of the research was to explore students' attitudes and perceptions towards this multimodal ICT-enhanced teaching and learning approach and the flexible learning space, to determine the level of participation, satisfaction, and usefulness of the different activities. Twenty students enrolled in the experimental course expressed their opinions by completing an online survey after they attended the lessons. Besides giving valuable insight into students' perceptions, the research results also provided a few suggestions for further improvements of the room's functionality and features.


The authors have implemented a post-processor called SPEECHPP to correct word-level errors committed by an arbitrary speech recognizer. Applying a noisy-channel model, SPEECHPP uses a Viterbi beam-search that employs language and channel models. Previous work demonstrated that a simple word-for-word channel model was sufficient to yield substantial increases in word accuracy. The paper demonstrates that some improvements in word accuracy result from augmenting the channel model with an account of word fertility in the channel. The work further demonstrates that a modem continuous speech recognizer can be used in "black-box" fashion for robustly recognizing speech for which the recognizer was not originally trained. The work also demonstrates that in the case where the recognizer can be tuned to the new task, environment, or speaker, the post-processor can also contribute to performance improvements.


Objective: The reduction of discomfort caused by conventional, cuff-based blood pressure (BP) determination is a promising trend in ambulatory, cuff-less BP measurement devices. Mitigating these discomforts is especially desirable when performing measurement in children. In this study we want to assess the clinical validity of a cuff-less BP measurement device for 24-hour measurements in children and adolescents. Methods: We compared the simultaneously retrieved BP data of the cuff-less SOMNOtouch(TM) NIBP and the cuff-based Mobil-O-Graph® in 24-hour use in 100 children in the range from 5–17 years old. Results: A total of 1245 valid measurement pairs showed a mean deviation of 1.08 mmHg (limits of agreement: 24.10 / -21.93) for systolic and 3.32 mmHg (limits of agreement: 25.13 / -18.48) for diastolic BP values. Patient specific difference of means was within 15 mmHg in 95.6% (systolic BP) and 92.3% (diastolic BP) patients. 24.3% of nocturnal cuff inflations led to determinable, BP relevant arousal reactions. Conclusion: The SOMNOtouch(TM) NIBP showed desirable measurement accuracy over a broad spectrum 24-hour, ambulatory BP measurements in children and adolescents. Cuff-less blood pressure measurement relieves the issue of nocturnal arousal reactions which showed to be frequently induced by cuff-based measurements. We encourage the use of this cuff-less BP measurement device in everyday practice, driven by this clear indication of clinical validity and benefits in patient comfort.


As electricity shortage has been increasing day by day and conventional power system does not fulfil this exponentially increasing demand because every consumer depend on the main central generation unit, so this central energy generation network must be converted in to the distributed decentralised generation unit and for this more distributed energy resources are integrating in to the existing distribution network, extra power produced can be saved in distributed energy storage system (DESS). Since battery is the main building block of DESS, so linearised battery model is derived with the help of simple matrix manipulation and quantitative battery management system, of DC-DC bi-directional converter, bi-directional inverter and controlling circuitry of battery management system is designed. Software tool MATLAB (SIMULINK) version is used for the testing of simulation result. Results shows that proposed linearised battery model and estimated state of charge with the help of Kalman filter is more efficient as compared to the nonlinear model.


The catalytic steam gasification of Miike coal using hydridotetracarbonylferrates was investigated. Sodium hydridotetracarbonylferrate was found to be a much more effective catalyst than well known sodium carbonate catalyst especially at lower temperature (650∼700°C).


The etching of single crystal silicon in CF4/O2 and CF2Cl2/O2 gas mixtures in a 13.56 MHz plasma generated in a radial flow reactor at 0.4 W/cm2 and 30 mTorr total pressure has been studied. It was found that for an unloaded reactor, the addition of oxygen to a CF4 plasma increased the lateral and vertical etch rate of single crystal silicon. The maximum lateral etch rate coincided with the maximum vertical etch rate of silicon which occured at 30% of added oxygen (by flow). Simultaneously, the sputtering of gold, used to define the silicon pattern, increased with the proportion of added oxygen. The effect of reactor loading with silicon was also studied, and found to affect the etching anisotropy in a CF4/O2 plasma. Under similar conditions of flow, pressure and power, the CF2Cl2/O2 plasma was found to produce a reduced self bias voltage at the cathode. The etch rate of the gold mask was found to vary with added oxygen in this plasma, as did the silicon etch rate. In general, the anisotropy of etching silicon in the CF2Cl2/O2 plasma was found to be much higher than that in the CF4/O2 plasma at the same oxygen concentration. Possible mechanisms accounting for this difference in anisotropy will be explored.


The article analyses certain patterns of regulating business communication that involve overcoming social conflicts and constructing a common communicative space. The analyzed data show that in marketing discourse a consensus is reached through hybrid communicative strategies.


The concepts of BRDF (Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function) and BTDF (Bidirectional Transmittance Distribution Function) are defined and discussed as being the ratios of differential outputs of radiance divided by differential inputs of irradiance. Appropriate measurement arrangements and procedures are presented, and the problems are described that are involved in going from the differentials of theory to the finite quantities of measurement. Finally appropriate data reduction schemes are given for determining BRDF and BTDF from these measurements.