In this paper a new guidance law with impact angle constraint is presented for planar engagements. The control problem is formulated as an inflnite horizon non-linear regulator problem. The problem is solved using State Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE) technique with time varying state weight matrix. The state weight matrix Q is assumed to be a function of time-to-go and controls the states depending on the relative target position. Constant speed missile model is assumed for deriving the guidance law. Numerical simulations for a realistic missile model are carried out with given vehicle and aerodynamic properties. Simulations are carried out for difierent impact angles and initial flring angles. Robustness of the proposed guidance law is verifled by simulations with flrst order autopilot delays.


The interrelated contents of network management were introduced. The network management protocol based on TCP/IP_SNMP was analyzed. In the Ethernet of Intel 550T routing switch and 510T, the algorithm and realization of network topology structure were discussed. Based on accessing the interface_group of MIB_Ⅱ, the analysis and statistics of net flow were realized.


A study of 13 disadvantaged first grade students enrolled in a 4-year remedial education program was conducted to determine program effectiveness in terms of academic skill and self-concept improvement. A model was developed which used the learning center approach within classroom boundaries, and involved a psychologist, a reading teacher, classroom teachers (for grades K-3), and volunteers. The teacher-directed educational program consisted of a highly-structured, slow-paced teaching method; materials such as basal readers, language development kits, and audiovisual equipment; a parent involvement component; and preservice and inservice training for teachers. Results obtained by comparing Sr with controls from regular grades shoved that experimental Ss progressed faster in word recognition, did not differ significantly in IQ level, attained a significantly higher level of maturity, and shoved a significantly lover incidence of personality and interpersonal adjustment problems. (A diagram illustrating the model and statistical tables are also provided.) (SB) *********************************************************************** Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. * *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS DEFN REPRO OUCEO EXACTLY AS R ECEI dE0 FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN *TING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATEO DO NOT NECESSARILY RE PRE SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EOUCATION POSITION OR POLICY PROJECT TI% Instructional Support -Ego Enhancement for Potential School Dropouts LOCATION: Beekmantown Central School Box 829, Plattsburgh, N.Y. 12901 Dr. George C. Saunders, Superintendent BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT: Three basic concepts are essential for successful student achievement--perceiving, believing and behaving. As the child perceives himself through the eyes of others, as he belives himself on the basis of past successes or failures, he will behave accordingly in the classroom setting. 4 CONTACT PEOPLE: Ida Gifford, Reading Teacher Sally Summerell, Psychologist Beekmantown Central School Box 829 Plattsburgh, N.Y. 12901 518 563-1780


The purpose of this study was to describe how mirrors affect contemporary dance pedagogy students'experiences of themselves. Empirical material was collected through semi-structured interviews with ...


FIELD: oil and gas industry. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to devices and methods for actuating the valves used in piston-type compressors in oil and gas industry. Valve assembly 400 includes actuating mechanism 410 designed to provide for motion. Shaft 430 is adapted to transfer the said motion from the actuating mechanism to the closing element of the valve of the piston-type compressor. The motion transfer mechanism is connected to the shaft and configured to increase the said motion and/or force associated with the motion generated by the actuating mechanism to actuate the valve closing element. EFFECT: invention increases motion and/or force associated with the motion of the actuating mechanism to the actuator side of the valve. 10 cl, 11 dwg


A palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of 3-iodoazetidines and nonheteroaryl boronic acids was reported. The [1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yldicyclohexylphosphane ligand enabled the reaction that favored the formation of 2-aryl azetidines. The control experiments indicated that the reaction can proceed through either a palladium-hydride/dihydroazete complex or free dihydroazete intermediate followed by hydropalladation.


This Research Full Paper presents a study on the evaluation of feedback tools in introductory programming classes. Recently, several tools have been proposed in order to provide guidance and help students overcome conceptual difficulties in programming education. Some tools leverage clustering algorithms and program repair techniques to automatically generate personalized hints for students' incorrect programs. In contrast, some teachers choose to present students with program visualization tools to help them understand the dynamic execution of a source code. These tools are used to help students get correct solutions for programming assignments. However, due to limitations in assessments, it is still unclear how effective the feedback provided by these tools is. In this study, we analyzed the effectiveness of a tool for generating personalized hints and a tool for visualizing programs. To do so, we conducted a user study in which students, assisted by these tools, implemented solutions for three programming problems. Our results show that personalized hints can significantly reduce student's effort to get correct solutions. In addition, personalized hints can provide students with an understanding of problem solving similar to when using test cases. However, students who used the program visualization tool got lower post-test performance than using other tools.


able only midway through the study period, and the 2009 BAD guidelines recommended that ustekinumab should be reserved for patients who had been unsuccessfully treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor agents. However, by the end of the study period, nine patients were receiving with that of, with efficacy comparable infliximab and adalimumab. Switching of biologic agent was common, and this generally occurred at a much lower PASI than the baseline value, owing to changes in patient expectations. Our results suggest that etanercept at the licensed dose might have lower efficacy for patients with very severe psoriasis, in keeping with unselected patients with psoriasis, reflected by a decrease in etanercept use from 18 to 4 patients during the study period. One advantage of infliximab and ustekinumab for patients with very severe psoriasis is that the dose is modified by weight, and our patients were relatively obese, with a median weight of 102 kg. In summary, we cannot draw definitive conclusions because of the relatively small patient group, but our data suggest that efficacy of biologics for very severe psoriasis probably mirrors results for unselected patients with psoriasis treated with biologic interventions.


Decorative silver electroplating has been a long time conducted by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia. Environmental pollution associated with the electroplating SMEs activities has created serious problems. For example SMEs of silver electroplating has contaminated groundwater which is no longer fit for domestic consumption due to its high level of cyanide contamination. Inefficient process and the use of high concentration of cyanide based electrolyte have been claimed to be the root cause. Therefore, the process of decorative silver electrodeposition in SMEs would be improved by developing an electrolyte with low cyanide concentration, determining onset potential and current densities, and modifying the process and the electrochemical cell so that the process would be more efficient and sustainable. A new electrolyte composed of AgNO3 and KCN with a ratio of 5:39 were chosen for the experimentation. For this electrolyte, silver would possibly be electrodeposited at potentials ranging from -2.2 V to -2.8 V. Corresponding current densities for silver electrodeposition would be between -2 and 7 mA/cm2. To improve the process, a new design of electrochemical reactor has been developed which ensure improvement of the observed electrochemical parameters i.e. the uniform current density distribution, the larger area of anode, and the stability of electrodes distance and position.


Provide a kind of processing, comprising: receive one or more write requests;Select the first value subset as corresponding to higher-security field;The first value being segmented in the first subset;Indicate the first calculating equipment by the first segmentation subset storage in multiple segmentations in memory;And indicate the second calculating equipment by the second segmentation subset storage in multiple segmentations in memory.


Rapid improvement of technology and education increase the necessity of potent tutors day by day. Tutoring can be done utilizing the web or using the traditional method. In this report, we describe the development of a web-based Carrom Tutor, and a game-based Carrorm Tutor implemented in Blender 3D. We refer to these Tutors as Carrom Tutor 1.0 and Carrom Tutor 2.0, respectively. As the title suggests, these Tutors are initiatives for teaching Carrom skills and strategies to the Carrom aspirants. While designing the tutors, Educational Technology, Game Based Learning and Software designing perspectives have been emphasized. At the beginning of the report, principles of Game-Based Learning and Educational Game Design are discussed. The next chapter is about Carrom Tutor 1.0, it's design, implementation, demonstration and user experiments Then the report covers the motivation behind building Carrom Tutor 2.0, and provides detailed descriptions about Carrom Tutor 2.0's design, implementation, demonstration, user experiments and challenges. Technological tools and platforms considered for implementation, along with details of actual implementation have been described. Finally, the experiments conducted to test the effectiveness of these systems are described, along with possible future works.


For the Pleiades space program, SESO has been awarded the contract (fully completed), for the manufacturing of the whole set of telescope mirrors (4 mirrors, 2 flight models). These works did also include the mechanical design, manufacturing and mounting of the attachment flexures between the mirrors and the telescope main structure. This presentation is focused on the different steps of lightweighting, polishing, integration and control of these mirrors as well as a presentation of the existing SESO facilities and capabilities to produce such kind of aspherical components/sub-assemblies.


Differential cross sections have been measured for the electron-impact excitation of a multiply charged ion. In a crossed-beam experiment the resonant 3{ital s}-3{ital p} transition of sodiumlike Ar{sup 7+} is studied at an electron energy of 100 eV in an angular range between 13{degree} and 29{degree}. The experimental cross sections are found to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions obtained in Coulomb-Born distorted-wave approximation.


The article presents new petrologic and geochemical data on gabbroids from Shikotan Island (Lesser Kuril Chain). The results were compared with co-magmatic Late Cretaceous-Paleocene volcanics from the Zelenov Formation, as well as with the rocks from the Shikotan intrusive and Dimitrovsky dike complexes. This data confirmed that the intrusive rocks belong to the calc-alkaline series and the island-arc (suprsubduction) type. Low concentrations of high field strength and heavy rare-earth elements and their ratio in gabbroids relative to the composition of N-MORB suggest formation of primary melts from depleted or poorly enriched deep sources. As such, pyroxenites close to websterites with preserved bipyroxene paragenesis during the evolution of melts are proposed. Steeply dipping contacts of intrusive bodies and elements of their prototectonics, zones of marginal breccia and clastic dikes that sometimes over-ends by injection intrusive material field parallel dikes completion plutonic activity on Malokurilsk arc indicate «formation of Shikotan ophiolites in the setting of supersubducting intra-arc rifting» according to ideas of G.I. Govorov.


The invention relates to the field of coating for building materials, and in particular relates to a water-based antirust and antiseptic paint for metal and a preparation method thereof. The water-based antirust and antiseptic paint for metal comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200-250 parts of deionized water, 180-220 parts of titanium dioxide, 60-100 parts of water-based nanometer sizing agent, 20-40 parts of kaolin, 20-40 parts of nanometer bentonite, 8-15 parts of nanometer zinc calcium phosphate, 40-60 parts of alcoholic acid emulsion, 80-130 parts of water-based fluorocarbon resin, 150-200 parts of pure acrylic emulsion, 20-60 parts of organosilicone emulsion, 10-30 parts of propylene glycol, 1-3 parts of nanometer silicon dioxide, 4-8 parts of dispersing agent and 10-40 parts of coalescing agent. The water-based antirust and antiseptic paint for metal provided by the invention has high brightness, glossiness and plumpness, is non-toxic and harmless in material, non-combustible, unexplosive, safe and environment-friendly, and has excellent antirust and antiseptic performance with the matching of the components.


A FieldSpec 3 spectrometer and a SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter were used to measure the hyperspectral reflectance and SPAD value of Fuji apple leaves in different phenophases.The research result showed that the variation rules of reflection spectrum waveform curves of apple leaves were similar in different phenophases.The SPAD values of Fuji apple leaves were increased gradually in florescenece and reached to the peak in autumn shoot pause growth period.Then,the SPAD value began to decline. Although the hyperspectral red edge parameters such as position,slope and area were correlated with the SPAD value remarkably and very remarkably,the red edge position was correlated with the SPAD value most remarkably.An experience SPAD value estimation model in which the red edge position in different phenophases was used as an argument and a SPAD value estimation model for apple leaves in different phenophases based on partial least square were established.Both models had their best estimation in the autumn shoot pause growth period.Their test accuracies were 94.2%and 96.7% respectively.The model based on the partial least square was relr.tively better than the experience SPAD value estimation model in estimation accuracy.


An important problem of collective non-ruin is the estimation of the probabilities R(z,t) and R(z) of the finite and ultimate non-ruin respectively, where t is time and z is the initial reserve. The governing equations are first order Volterra integro-differential equations (VIDEs). Computational results for the finite time case are presented. These are obtained by using multiquadric approximation methods applied directly to the VIDE. Comparisons are made with results obtained by indirect approaches.


This paper proposes a zero-sum game theory and blockchain-based secure and decentralized dynamic pricing scheme for electric vehicle charging. It aims to secure data sharing between electric vehicles and charging stations. We integrate the sixth-generation (6G) communication network to enable data transactions between electric vehicles and charging stations with low latency and high reliability. We employ a zerosum game theory approach to maximize the payoff of electric vehicles and charging stations. The performance of the proposed system with 6G is evaluated by comparing it with 5G and 4G traditional networks. The performance evaluation of the proposed system has been analyzed with various parameters latency, profit for electric vehicles, profit for charging station, and optimal payoff of the system. The results show that the proposed system is highly secure and reliable than traditional systems.


Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) computational imaging is a newly developed microscopic computational imaging technology in recent years, which can realize large field-of-view (FOV) and high-resolution microscopic imaging. In this paper, the SwinIR physical model is introduced to solve the problems of a slightly long reconstruction time and poor reconstruction effect of the FPM reconstruction algorithm based on physical learning. Different from the traditional CNN network structure, this physical model completes the reconstruction of images by introducing modular design and feature fusion. Through a series of simulation experiments on ideal images and real images, it is proved that the reference physical model has better reconstruction quality than the comparison algorithm.


In this paper, iterative algorithm for strong vector equilibrium problem (SVEP) is studied. Firstly, an auxiliary problem for SVEP is introduced and the relationships between these two problems are discussed. Then, based on the auxiliary problem, a projection iterative algorithm for SVEP is proposed. Moreover, analysis of convergence of this iterative algorithm is investigated under suitable conditions of continuity and convexity. The main result obtained in this paper generalizes and improves the corresponding ones of Iusem and Sosa [Iusem AN, Sosa W. Iterative algorithms for equilibrium problems. Optimization. 2003;52(3):301–316.] and Cheng and Liu [Cheng B, Liu SY. An iterative algorithm for vector equilibrium problems. J. Lanzhou Univ. (Nat. Sci.). 2009;45(5):105–109.].


Microglia are the resident immune cells and professional phagocytes of the central nervous system. However, little is known about the contribution of their phagocytic signaling to the neuropathology and pathophysiology of epilepsy. Here, we summarize and discuss the implications of recent evidence supporting that aberrant microglia phagocytic activity and alterations in phagocytosis signaling molecules occur in association with microglia–neuronal contacts, neuronal/synaptic loss, and spontaneous recurrent seizures in human and preclinical models of epilepsy. This body of evidence provides strong support that the microglial contribution to epileptogenic networks goes beyond inflammation, and suggests that phagocytic signaling molecules may be novel therapeutic targets for epilepsy.


In the existing CNC machining industry, the chip/borings removal is a time consuming process thereby affecting the productivity considerably. Only 70% chips are removed by other conveyors whereas in this conveyor more efficiency can be attained.There are lot of chain/belt type chip removal conveyors, available in the market. During a study we found a company facing hurdles in the same and requested us to design and fabricate a working model


The west coast of North America receives strong forcing from climate modes such as El Nino-Southern Oscillation and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Estuaries are poised at a sensitive interface because estuarine biota and habitat will be affected by variability in properties and processes associated with the ocean, the watershed, and the local weather. Observations from the Washington coast and Willapa Bay illustrate these three arenas of influence. Variation in ocean upwelling and ocean thermocline depth associated with the 1997–98 El Nino versus the 1999 La Nina affected temperature and nutrient availability in Willapa Bay. Variation in river flow associated with the 2000–01 drought affected estuarine circulation and residence time. And, variation in prevailing wind direction and/or cloudiness was highly correlated with phytoplankton biomass. This situation is responsible for the complexity of understanding climate impacts on estuarine systems. In order to help evaluate which mechanisms, remote oceanic processes or local watershed/estuarine characteristics, most affected Willapa Bay's phytoplankton production, several phytoplankton species were used as indicators of water mass origin and compared with primary productivity data to assess whether phytoplankton blooms were dominated by endemic or imported species. Our analysis resolved that the highest primary production (and the appearance of Pseudo-nitzschia spp.) was associated with oceanic intrusions of phytoplankton biomass into Willapa Bay. This result underscores the dominant role that variation in ocean and climate play in controlling Pacific Northwest estuarine production. However, while the largest blooms were oceanic in origin, numerous medium-sized production events were from either oceanic or estuarine sources, indicating a complex picture.


The apparent and true amino acid digestibilities of high tannin sorghum (HTS) and low tannin sorghum (LTS) were determined using adult cockerels (30 weeks of age). About 24 adult White Leghorn cockerels were used in the present study. The tannin content of low tannin sorghum was 0.07% and that of high tannin sorghum was 1.85%. The first group of birds (8n) was fed with high tannin sorghum and the second group was fed with low tannin sorghum individually as per Farrell's "Rapid ME" method. The third group of birds was precision fed with nitrogen free diet. The excreta of each cockerel were oven dried individually at 80oC for 24h and stored at −24oC until further analysis. The apparent digestibilities of almost all the 15 amino acids studied were significantly higher (p<0.01 to 0.001) in low tannin sorghum as compared to high tannin sorghum. The difference in digestibility varied from 4 per cent to 21.62 per cent. The maximum difference was observed in cystine and histidine digestibilities (20.22 and 21.62 per cent respectively). The difference was minimal in aspartic acid digestibility. The true digestibilities of amino acids also followed the same trend. The amino acid digestibility of LTS was significantly (p<0.001) higher in comparison to HTS. The difference in digestibility ranged from 13.17 per cent to 35.05 per cent. The maximum difference was observed in cystine and histidine digestibilities (35.05 and 33.82 per cent respectively). The present observations revealed that the high tannin content of HTS contributed to the lower amino acid digestibility values.


Determination of uranium isotopes in urine is critical for distinguishing between exposure to natural and anthropogenic sources of uranium. In biomonitoring, the extremely low levels of total uranium [U] present in urine and the complexity of the urine matrix present challenges to accurate isotope ratio determination. We have validated a method for measurement of 234U/238U, 235U/238U and 236U/238U in small-volume, random urine samples at occupational exposure levels, as well as for measurement of 235U/238U at biomonitoring levels. The method has been developed to detect exposure to mixtures of enriched and depleted uranium (DU) among former workers and nearby residents of the NL Industries factory in Colonie, NY, USA. Validation experiments employing solid phase extraction followed by SF-ICP-MS analysis were performed on base urine spiked with isotopic certified reference materials, isotopically depleted urine quality control materials, and natural uranium urine pools. Our results show that extraction with UTEVA resin yields lower blank levels than with TRU resin, and that double washing of the UTEVA resin columns results in further lowering of the blank. At occupational exposure levels ([U] = 50 ng L−1), 234U/238U, 235U/238U, and 236U/238U can be quantified in 1 mL of urine containing 3% DU with relative precisions (1s) of 10%, 0.4%, and 18%, respectively. For urine containing 75% DU and [U] = 50 ng L−1, the relative precision (1s) of 236U/238U is improved to <3%. At biomonitoring levels ([U] = 5 ng L−1), by increasing the urine volume to 4 mL, 234U/238U and 235U/238U can be quantified with relative precisions (1s) of 19% and 0.5%, respectively, whereas 236U/238U cannot be detected. By further increasing urine volume to 8 mL, comparable levels of isotope ratio precision are possible at [U] as low as 1 ng L−1.


{ital In} {ital situ}, interference-enhanced Raman scattering of ultrathin, solid solution films of Rb{sub {ital x}}C{sub 60} (0{le}{ital x}{le}3) prepared in UHV are reported. Variations of phonon linewidths of both selected low-frequency, radial and high-frequency, tangential intramolecular modes indicate strong electron-phonon coupling. The results directly support a recent theory for phonon-mediated superconductivity in alkali-C{sub 60} systems.


Abstract A comparison of working conditions in the public and private sectors shows that working time regulations in the public sector are more employee-friendly and that the protection of the workforce through collective agreements and co-determination is more comprehensive. However, in terms of wages, the public sector only offers advantages for women, while men are better off in the private sector. In order to persist in the growing competition for employees, the public sector should emphasise more strongly its importance as an employer, further boost its attractiveness for employees, and reinforce its attempts to retain employees.


The effect of magnesium content, in the interval range from 1 mass.% to 5 mass.%, on the microstructure and properties of aluminium - copper magnesium alloys was examined. The as-cast structure was modified by the addition of the AlTi5B1 to give alloys containing 0 to 0.25 mass. % titanium. Using X-ray powder diffraction we established that the tetragonal intermetallic compound Al2Cu and orthorhombic intermetallic compound Al2CuMg are formed across the whole range of magnesium additions. The effect of the magnesium and titanium content on the microstructure was monitored quantitatively. Using automatic image analysis we were able to measure the linear intercept grain size, the secondary dendrite arm spacing (DAS), the size of eutectic cells (Le), as well as the size distribution and volume fractions of the α-solid solution and the eutectic. In alloys containing high magnesium the average values of the DAS and grain size were found to decrease. Also, in alloys containing high magnesium the average values of the eutectic cell length and volume fractions of the eutectic were found to increase. The changes in chemical composition of the alloy cause changes in the structure that are reflected in the Brinell hardness and the compression strength. Compression strength and hardness increase with the content of magnesium and titanium.


In the field of material characterization, the neutron scattering technique is found to be useful in so many applications. This technique requires a position sensitive neutron detector (PSND) and their front-end readouts (FER) electronic to detect the position of neutron interactions. Normally, the PSND is designed for specific applications and has unique technical specifications. Therefore, it requires a customised electronic FER to match its specifications. Furthermore, a large active area requires a large number of FER electronic and, therefore, there is, also, an increased development cost. This paper presents a simple and low-cost design for FER electronic which consists of an eight channels preamplifier-shaper suitable for instrumentation used in neutron experiments. This FER was built entirely with low-noise FET-input operational amplifier (Op-amp) and passive components. The development cost is around U.S. $50/channel. Results have shown that it is capable of accepting a wide dynamic range input charge (20 to 600 fC) with an excellent output linearity (nonlinearity < 1%). It has a good equivalent noise charge (ENC) with a performance average of 2113e- and is less sensitive to input capacitance variation (24e-/pF).

 Key words: Low-cost, front-end readout, preamplifier, shaper, neutron experiments.


Epibenthic community structure, somatic production and energy flow were studied in the Caete mangrove estuary in North Brazil on for 3 representative strata: high intertidal forest (F), small creeks in the forest (SC) and open mudbanks of large intertidal creeks (LC). Seven decapod crustaceans and 1 gastropod accounted for >95% of total epifaunal biomass, with highest values in the forest followed by large and small creeks (228.2, 103.6 and 69.7 kJ m -2 respectively). The leaf- consuming crab Ucides cordatus was clearly dominant in the forest, followed by the fiddler crabs Uca rapax and U. vocator. The large creek stratum was strongly dominated by the fiddler crab U. mara- coani, while in the small creek 4 species (Uca cumulanta, U. maracoani, Pachygrapsus gracilis and Eurytium limosum) contributed similar quantities to total biomass. Per area somatic production (P) and respiration (R) was highest in the large creek, followed by the forest and small creek stratum. Based on the contribution of each stratum, total biomass (332.8 kJ m -2 ), production (455.8 kJ m -2 yr -1 ) and assimilation (2959.6 kJ m -2 yr -1 ) were estimated for the whole area. While the herbivorous feed- ing guild with U. cordatus was the most prominent in terms of biomass (75% of the total), the detri- tivorous fiddler crabs and P. gracilis clearly dominated in terms of respiration and somatic production (60 and 90% respectively). Carnivores (Eurytium limosum and Thais coronata) contributed <2% to the epibenthic energy budget. A system picture emerges whereby energy flow is strongly dominated by herbivorous and detritivorous species. Both guilds probably promote mangrove primary produc- tion by (1) conserving nutrients in the system, (2) enhancing nutrient remineralization, and (3) oxy- genizing the soil through their burrowing and feeding activities. A resulting positive feedback loop between mangroves, crabs and bacteria could explain the very high mangrove productivity and the high efficiency with which mangrove primary production is assimilated by the crabs (almost 15%).


The essential scientific problems in wet pressing are concerned with water removal from the wet web, its runnability and the effect of pressing on the quality of the web and the paper produced from it. This paper briefly reviews the present understanding of the effect of wet pressing on the web and paper quality and discusses some questions concerning the runnability of the web through the press section. The main emphasis is placed on water removal. A short historical review of the development of our present understanding of wet pressing fundamentals is presented. The modelling of wet pressing is also discussed. The water removal from the fibre cell wall starts at fairly low solids contents of the web, in the range of 20–25%. In modern press sections, the solids content of the web after pressing is about 45–50%. At this solids content, most of the water is in the fibre wall. Thus, when trying to enhance water removal further, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms and controlling factors in cell wall dewatering. Present scientific efforts should therefore be focused on finding as invariant and quantitative knowledge as possible on the behaviour of the cell wall under wet pressing conditions. Recent research on cell wall dewatering is reviewed in the paper. Advanced measuring methods such as NMR, solute exclusion, WRV(CCV) and DSC techniques have produced new and to a 12th Fundamental Research Symposium, Oxford, September 2001 639 Preferred citation: H. Paulapuro. Wet Pressing – Present Understanding and Future Challenges. In The science of papermaking, Trans. of the XIIth Fund. Res. Symp. Oxford, 2001, (C.F. Baker, ed.), pp 639–678, FRC, Manchester, 2018. DOI: 10.15376/frc.2001.1.639.


As a central nervous system depressant, gamma-hydroxybutyric acid(GHB), its precursors gamma-butyroladone(GBL) and 1, 4-BD have become popular drugs of abuse that have been commonly associated with sexual assaults. Besides the physical chemistry characters, the extraction techniques and the analysis methods of GHB, GBL and 1, 4-BD were also reviewed, especially extraction techniques including liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction were discussed in details. Based on the discussions of the extraction techniques, the modern analytical method, including gas chromatography(GC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS) and capillary electrophoresis(CE) were mentioned, which have been widely applied in the identification and determination of GHB and its precursors in different samples, such as urine, blood, hair and so on.


This paper deals with the ignition of a di use dielectric barrier discharge in air at atmospheric pressure with a high voltage rectangular pulse supply. The study is focused on the e ects of dielectric materials. The current and voltage waveforms of discharges with di erent barriers look similar. But the discharge development process can be di erent. It is described by many synchronous electron avalanches in a case of alumina ceramics, and by a streamer in a case of acrylic glass.


4114 Background: We have conducted the phase II trial of GEM with S-1, oral fluorouracil (5-FU) prodrug tegafur combined with two modulators, 5-chloro-2, 4-dihydropridine and potassium oxonate to e...


Higher education is experiencing a period of significant change and the quality of student learning experience has never been more important (or come under more scrutiny). This is one of the major drivers behind the move towards viewing students as partners in their learning experience. This is further supported by an awareness that engaging students in 'purposive activities' beyond the classroom has been shown to have a positive impact on student achievement and satisfaction. Another significant influence on healthcare curricula is the patient safety agenda: it is increasingly expected that, as part of their undergraduate training, students will be exposed to Quality Improvement (QI) methodology. This paper discusses the application of QI models to educational enhancement: supporting students in recognising areas of their curricula that would benefit from such activity and giving them the opportunity to change them effectively unites and addresses both the patient safety and student engagement agendas.


This article describes the process used by one high school teacher to incorporate writing into her classroom. The teacher made several modifications to her curriculum to provide her students with opportunities to engage in online research, and produce text for real-world audiences. The students' comments indicate that although they were initially apprehensive they were ultimately excited to work on the project. The writing project provided an opportunity for students to use English language arts skills and interact with various nonfiction texts.


We revisit Carlip's approach to entropy counting. This analysis reemerged in a recently obtained Schwarzschild/CFT-correspondence as Sugawara-construction of a 2D stress-tensor. Here, for the example of a Schwarzschild black hole, we show how to single out diffeomorphisms forming in contrast to Carlip's analysis the full 2D local conformal algebra. We provide arguments, why their Hamiltonian generators are expected to be the symmetry generators of a possible conformal field theory describing the part of phase space responsible for black hole microstates. Then, we can infer central charges and temperatures of this CFT by inspecting the algebra of these Hamiltonian generators. Using this data in the Cardy-formula, precise agreement with the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy is found. Alternatively, we obtain the same CFT temperatures by thermodynamic considerations. Altogether, this suggests that the Hamiltonian generators need no corrections through possible non-canonical counterterms. We comment on the related recent work by Haco, Hawking, Perry, Strominger.


One of the directions of the spread of motor vehicle use is hybridization of powertrains, which should result in essential ecological and economic effects. A hybrid vehicle has on board at least two energy sources of which at least one must be a secondary energy source. A secondary energy source converts energy in two directions and has the ability to store energy. Additionally, a fully Electric Hybrid Vehicle (HEV) must have an electric motor as a main drive unit. Basic hybrid vehicle configuration are: parallel, series and mix. Beside defining vehicle configuration and chosing primary and secondary energy sources, it is essential to choose control strategy. What is meant is a choice of the manner of vehicle control in its different states from the point of view of energy flow and conversion. One of the possible control strategies for series HEV is a thermostatic strategy consisting in turning the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) on when the parameter State of Charge (SOC) of storage battery decreases below a defined limit and turning it off after reaching SOC's upper limit. In the area of advanced solutions in the group of primary energy sources the main development directions concern Spark Ignition ICE with Direct Gasoline Injection (SIDI), Compression Ignition ICE with Direct Diesel Injection (CIDI), Gas Turbine, and Fuel Cells (FC). The paper presents current state of development and trends in the field of primary energy sources in HEV's.


This paper studies the following concepts: Indian retail industry, its present trends and future scenarios. The planned retail outlets in growing cities in India have important pipelines and such metros are satisfactorily large and divert to accommodate a huge variety of new ordered layouts. The cities categorised as developing and emerging have chances of large development in organised retailing due to the quickly changing economic and market situation, which is well explained in the study. The study on retail business practices expresses the factors that lead to a deviation in the retail segment is because of the presence of heterogeneous groups of consumers with varying buying power, their value consciousness, and entry of new brands in the Indian markets and availability of Indian-based retailers with aggressive and ambitious expansion plans. While concluding the study it is seen that there occurs a large number of global retailers who are interested to the entire Indian market with favourable government policies and emerging technologies already in place looks promising enough for the growth of the retail sector.


AbstractBusiness Schools have been teaching business ethics for over a generation. Despite the best efforts of the educators, ethical lapses and scandals are a recurrent headline in the news. This raises the question of why is ethics education not working. This study analyzes the current practice of a sample of AACSB accredited Business Schools and compares that that with the recommended practice from the business ethics literature. The results indicate that ethics content is introduced to students too early in the curriculum and spread too thinly in many courses instead of in one dedicated course.KEYWORDS: Business Ethics; Ethics Curriculum; Recommended Practice; Higher-order LearningIntroductionThe U.S. business world seems to have a problem with ethical decision making. Surveys have shown that the American public perceives a decline in business ethics. Clymber (1985) found that 55% of Americans believed that corporate executives were dishonest. More recently, a 2009 study by the Harvard Business Review Council found that the respondents exhibited less trust in senior executives in U.S. companies than they did in the previous year (Podolny, 2009). Cordiero (2003) interviewed senior managers regarding their impressions of the ethical climate in business. All of the managers stated that the ethical climate has been getting worse.In terms of business education, Lampe and Engelmann-Lampe (2012) note that business students top the cheater's list at both undergraduate and graduate levels (McCabe & Trevino, 1996; McCabe, Butterfield & Trevino 2006). On personality tests, finance students in particular, scored significantly higher on narcissism and lower on empathy, compared to other students (Sautter etal 2008). Most business students place high value on money and image, and pursue these extrinsic values rather than the intrinsic ideals that would lead to greater ethical conduct (Kasser & Ahuvia, 2002). Pfeffer (2009) indicts business schools for their failure in this area given the tremendous effort they have exerted. He states that "evidence is almost completely inconsistent with the idea that business schools are having positive effects on the development of student values and attitudes...". These arguments indicate that despite business schools exerting considerable effort in delivering ethics in business education, the results are not what is needed or desired.According to Sims and Brinkmann (2002), a discussion of teaching ethics in business schools needs to focus on a mixture of three elements; a) mode of the delivery of ethical content, b) the goals of the ethical instruction, c) current workplace ethical practices. While all three factors are important, an in-depth discussion of all three is impractical in one journal paper. Consequently, this paper focuses on the first of the three elements; the delivery of ethical content within business schools.Since 1974, the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) has recommended that ethical content be included by all member institutions. However, that same body does not mandate the manner in which this curriculum is distributed. Revisions of the AACSB standards in 1991 and 2003 have moved the standards away from an explicit ethics course requirement to allowing "infusion" or "integrating" ethical content in other courses (Brinkmann, Sims, and Nelson 2011), which leaves the choice up to the individual academic institution as to how the ethical content is delivered.The current study is directed at evaluating the extent to which allowing flexibility in the delivery of ethics in the business curriculum results in diluting its effectiveness and results in poor outcomes. To evaluate the issue, the study gathers data on current practice in terms of teaching ethics in the business curriculum. Using the results of that empirical research, the authors compare current business school practice with what prior research has suggested as recommended practice. …


A method of reliability-network-equivalent of distribution systems is introduced based on analyzing the working mechanism of the distribution systems. The deficiency of the mathematic model of the reliability-network-equivalent, given in the IEE reference is pointed out. The model in the IEE reference doesnt consider the effect of the breaker installed at the sending end of feeders. A modified mathematic model of the reliability-network-equivalent considering the effect of the breaker in the feeders is also presented in the paper. The modified model can be applied to any distribution system even with breakers installed in feeders.


The English elite have long drawn inspiration from contemporary and historical cultures in mainland Europe, most notably Italy and France. These influences were sometimes mediated by British architects and craftsmen, but wealthy landowners also acquired goods directly from the Continent, sometimes in the form of collecting on the Grand Tour and sometimes through shopping trips to Paris. These consumption practices have received considerable attention, but there has been little attempt to question the extent to which they spread beyond a metropolitan-oriented elite or to explore what happened when direct supplies from the Continent (and especially France) were disrupted by political tension or outright war.
This paper takes a case study approach, examining the furnishing of Stoneleigh Abbey in Warwickshire through the Hanoverian period. It draws on a rich collection of bills to assess the network of craftsmen and retailers who supplied the house: who were they and what were their credentials? It also examines the character of the furnishings supplied, not to provide a detailed furniture history, but rather to explore the style and quality of the goods: to what extent was the material culture of this English country house truly English? These questions have much wider implications, of course, for the construction of English identity and culture through the long eighteenth century.


The present invention discloses a welding jig is pulled out of the battery casting manipulator improved structure, comprising two arms arranged horizontally, around two parallel arms, with a finger shaft between the front end of both arms, left and right sides of the finger shaft, respectively, with a finger, the finger on their own gravity sag in a natural state, while the manipulator is provided with fingers flip limiting structure preventing rearward from the front flips, the two arms provided with a front welding cast into a mold and releasing the battery mold means the mold and the release mechanism comprises a gate-shaped frame body, the upper frame member at the cylinder is provided with a cross member provided on the cylinder, the lower frame cross member, the cylinder piston rod toward the lower frame cross member and connected to the lower cylinder , the cylinder piston rod is connected to the positioning jig structure. The present invention is drawn mechanically clamp the clamp only needs to do a chain stretching operation, the robot fingers will automatically hook clamp structure is simple, quick action.


We report the growth of inorganic–organic perovskites using a solution-based mist chemical vapor deposition (mist CVD) technique and the successful growth of the alloying CH3NH3Pb(Br1−xClx)3 using mixture solutions of Br and Cl precursors. The formation mechanism of the inorganic–organic perovskite grown by the laminar flow-type mist CVD is suggested to be a vapor phase reaction, although solution precursors are used. The near-band-edge emissions from photoluminescence can be tuned from 500 to 550 nm by considering Br/Cl ratios in the solution without crystal phase segregation by incorporating Cl into crystalline CH3NH3PbBr3 films.


and Keywords This chapter addresses the question as is posed in the title. In other words, the question being asked concerns the colors represented by a dichromat's experience. Color-vision defects constitute a spectrum of disorders with varying degrees and types of departure from normal human color vision. One form of color-vision defect is dichromacy; by mixing together only two lights, the dichromat can match any light, unlike normal trichromatic humans, who need to mix three. In a philosophical context, the question may be taken in two ways. First, it can be taken at face value as a question about visible properties of external objects, and second, it may be interpreted as the more intangible question of "what it's like" to be color-blind.


The vascular responses of the isolated perfused rat liver to epinephrine were found to be very similar to that organ's response in vivo, namely a prompt and (lose-dependent vaso-constriction which reduces blood flow. This effect of epinephrine could be blocked or reversed by dihydroergotamine. By contrast, drug-induced potassium and glucose losses from the perfused organ are slow and are less than those which might be expected from this organ in vivo .


Attitudes toward mainstreaming were assessed through a questionnaire containing items relating to the possible effects of mainstreaming on the academic, social, emotional, and behavioral development of youngsters who are handicapped, as well as the effects on nonhandicapped peers, teachers, and administrators. The four groups sampled included elementary principals, special education administrators, classroom teachers, and special education teachers. Responses were subjected to a factor analysis that yielded four subscales regarding mainstreaming: Academic Concerns, Socioemotional Concerns, Administrative Concerns, and Teacher Concerns. Discriminant analysis revealed significant and meaningful differences among the four groups in their attitudes toward mainstreaming.


This study was carried out to determine the effect of wheat bran as added to canola silage on the fermentation and in vitro organic matter digestibility. Canola was harvested and ensiled with 5% and 10% wheat bran in glass silos. With each treatment three parallel investigations were performed. Chemical, microbiological analyses and in vitro cellulase method were conducted on the silage which was opened on the 60th day of storage. According to the analysis of the control, 5% and 10% wheat bran treatments, crude protein reached 14.31%, 14.71% and 15.66%; ammonia-nitrogen reached 91.53, 85.43 and 85.34 g/kg TN; metabolisable energy reached 7.94, 8.27 and 8.51 MJ/kg KM; while organic matter digestibility was 61.45%, 63.93% and 62.92%, respectively. In conclusion, addition of wheat bran can increase dry matter content of canola silage.


In this study, to raise the interest and curiosity of students and at the same time to learn science concepts meaningfully for students, the teaching and learning program was developed by applying the Frayer model. The purpose of this study was to find out the Effect of Elementary Science Teaching Program with Frayer model on Learning Motive and Learning Achievement. To this end, the 6th grade classroom of A-elementary school located in Seogwipo-city was selected the experimental group (26 patients). And the other 6th grade classroom in the same school was selected to the comparative group (27 patients). The experimental group was conducted applying the Frayer model. Comparison group has been conducted lesson program in accordance with the general science class teacher guide. Was through a pre-test of science learning motivation and academic achievement level can be assumed in the same group. After completing the experimental treatment by conducting a post-mortem examination was statistically validated. In this study, the following conclusions were obtained. First, elementary science class which applied Frayer model had the effect of to improve the scientific motivation. In particular, attention (p


AbstractThe precast ballastless track slab has been widely applied in the Chinese high-speed railway system. However, the current slabs, made of normal concrete (NC) materials and designed in a "plane" structural configuration, were found vulnerable to the train loads and temperature effects. This paper proposed an innovative slab type, which was made of an alternative reactive powder concrete (RPC) material and designed in a "frame" structural type. Four frame slabs with different cross section profiles were parametrically investigated, and the best configuration was proposed. The results demonstrated the proposed RPC slabs can well meet the requirements of the stiffness and strength. Compared with the NC plane slabs, the warping deformation of the RPC frame slabs were decreased as much as by 41.7% and 37.0%, respectively, under the −10°C temperature gradients and the combination of train and temperature effects. The simulated tensile stresses were within the corresponding RPC strength capacity. The crac...


The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenicity of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) on the internal organs of pregnant goats. Thirteen healthy pregnant goats free from BVD neutralizing antibodies were used in this study. Animals of the first and second groups were inoculated I/V and I/P with two cytopathic strains of BVD virus, NADL and camel respectively at about 65 days of gestation. The third group was kept as control. Blood samples were collected and the serum was separated for serum neutralization test. Tissue specimens from liver, kidneys, lungs, heart, spleen, small &large intestine, abomasum, and supramammary & mesenteric lymph nodes of pregnant does were taken for histopathological examination. Clinically, all infected goats developed mild serous nasal discharges, pyrexia and diarrhea .In NADL strain of BVDV group, abortion occurred in 3 out of 5 does at 7, 17 and 21 days post inoculation (PI) of virus. In camel strain of BVDV group, 1 out of 4 does aborted one fetus at 65 days PI. The histopathological examination of liver showed multiple foci of hepatic cell necrosis associated with aggregations of mononuclear cells. Kidneys of does inoculated with NADL strain showed hypercellularity of glomerular tuft with adhesion to the Bowman's capsule in addition to focal thickening of glomerular capillary basement membrane (membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis). Foci of chronic interstitial nephritis were also seen in camel strain of BVDV group. In lungs, multiple areas of alveolar emphysema accompanied with areas of chronic interstitial pneumonitis were seen. The intestinal lesions of both infected groups were primarily inflammatory in nature and characterized by desquamation of epithelium lining of mucosa, highly infiltration of oedematous lamina propria with mononuclear cells, in addition to mucous degenerative changes of epithelium lining of intestinal crypts. The lymphoreticular tissues (spleen, lymph nodes and Peyer's patches) showed severe lymphocytic cell depletion. Neutralizing antibodies against BVDV were detected in the sera of all infected animals of both groups. Immunofluorescent finding revealed presence of viral antigen in various tissues of all infected does. It could be concluded that BVD virus infection induced pronounced histopathological changes in visceral organs of pregnant goats, in addition to its adverse effect on the reproductive performance. Moreover, severe lymphoid depletion developed in lymphatic organs. Viral antigen was also detected within the various tissues by immunofluorescent technique.


Reservoir capable of containing liquids, the inclination and the use of valves (2) (4) is able to always dispense the same amount of liquid.


The objectives of this paper are to present a material balance model relating to the national and regional (Yangpyeong County) levels, and to discuss the problem of using it for assessing environmental pressure from agricultural production activities. The result shows that the amount of macro-nutrients (i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) based on ingredients are over-supplied 184.4 percent at the national level and 136.5 percent at Yangpyong county. Based on the evaluation of the results of this study, several suggestions are offered for managing materials balance. To minimize the over-supply or losses of plant nutrients from the agricultural ecosystem, the input of nutrients to the system needs to be reduced. This can be achieved by increasing the level of recycling within the system. The important policy measures are to establish best management practices (BMP) for reducing agro-chemicals and to promote the natural cycling system through the interaction between crop and livestock sectors. Further development of the approach is required through including dynamic aspect of nutrient application and socio-economic aspect, extrapolation of results to other regions, better estimation of nutrients flows and adding policy oriented activities.


Thyroid hormones; T3 and T4 are essential for physiological functions of almost all body tissues. The current study was carried out to investigate the effect of hypothyroidism on the histological structure of parotid salivary gland of the rat. This study was conducted using 30 male albino rats. They were divided into three groups, 10 rats each: group 1 (control group), group2 (hypothyroid group) which received carbimazole (NeoMercazol); antithyroid drug; at a dose of 0.05 mg/day for 3 weeks, and group 3 (thyroid hormone-supplemented animals). At the end of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed. Parotid specimens from all groups were processed for light and electron microscopic studies. Biochemical analysis was carried out to measure the serum levels of triiodothyronine, T4 and TSH. Statistical analysis was carried out. Hypothyroid acini had irregular outlines and were widely separated. Congested blood vessels and cellular infilteration were seen in the interstitial space. The interlobular ducts appeared dilated. Mallory's trichrome stained sections clarified extensive collagen fibers in parotid gland. Immunohistochemical stained sections of hypothyroid group showed weak immune reaction for bcl2 in the cytoplasm of parotid cells. Ultrastructural alterations of parotid cells in hypothyroid group were observed. Some acinar cells showed variable sized vacuoles in their cytoplasm. The parotid gland of thyroid supplemented group still contained distorted acinar cells and did not return to its normal histological structure. In conclusion. The level of T3, T4 decreased and that of TSH increased in the experimental group when compared with control group. Also, there were changes in the histological structure of the parotid salivary gland of the teated group thus, it is recommended to early diagnosis of hypothridism with rapid interfercence.


The synergistic effect of vanadium–phosphorus in aqueous solution is crucial to ensure high efficiency for oxidation of benzylic alcohols with molecular oxygen in water catalyzed by VOPO4/TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl-1-oxy).


This paper introduces the parameters and performance of ZEP 1380 type disk aerator. The test and analysis on the main factors affecting the oxygen transfer rate and aeration efficiency, which are the two basic criteria of disk aerator ditch process,have been carried out.The optimum immersion depth and the rotatory speed of the disk are 480~510 mm and 52~56 rpm respectively. Under the above operation conditions,the oxygen transfer rate of a single disk is 1.78~1.98 kg/h,the aeration efficiency is 3.18~3.43 kg/kW·h.


Over the last several years the wars in the Near and Far East and the bombings involving civilians have brought a new type of injury in London – the shot-out joint. In a severe case the entire articulation of the knee or elbow is blasted away leaving insufficient bone for arthrodesis and amputation as the onlv apparent treatment.The two cases about to be described offer an alternative using a hinge devised by the author originally for the treatment of osteo or rheumatoid arthritis.


Sexual politics on China's internet entered a new age with the "Mu Zimei phenomenon" in 2003. With the publication of Mu Zimei's sex diary and the controversy surrounding, millions of Chinese "netizens" became involved in a debate over sexual rights that involve a wide variety of claims and counter claims, including claims of freedom of expression, social progress, natural rights, property rights, women's rights, rights of privacy, and community responsibilities. The cases of Mu Zimei and subsequent women bloggers point out how sexual rights discourse should be understood as an adversarial dialogue among a variety of social actors using a variety of discursive frameworks, a view consistent with a dialogic conception of sexual politics on the internet.


Objective:To sum up the experience to repair soft tissue defects on feet with various skin flaps. Method:From October, 1998 to December, 1999, six types of skin flaps were chosen to repair 33 wounds on feet from 28 patients according to the location, the range and the function of wounds. Results:In 33 skin flaps, 31 skin flaps survived totally. Partial necrosis appeared in two skin flaps. The follow-up (from 6 months to 17 months post-operation) results showed that the appearance and function of feet were good. Conclusion:It might be helpful to restore appearance and function of foot to repair deep wound with skin flap.


We propose a faceted classification scheme for web queries. Unlike previous work, our functional scheme ties its classification to actionable strategies for search engines to take. Our scheme consists of four facets of ambiguity, authority sensitivity, temporal sensitivity and spatial sensitivity. We hypothesize that the classification of queries into such facets yields insight on user intent and information needs. To validate our classification scheme, we asked users to annotate queries with respect to our facets and obtained high agreement. We also assess the coverage of our faceted classification on a random sample of queries from logs. Finally, we discuss the algorithmic approaches we take in our current work to automate such faceted classification.


This paper presents the results of two explorations: one, exhaustive, of the graph sets from 4 to 10 vertices, and other, using AGX-III program on graphs from 11 to 30 vertices, both looking for extremal graphs for two new irregularity measures. Some discussions on the obtained results are presented. The involved measures have polynomial complexity.


p Aminoacetophenone thiosemicarbazones complexes of nickel(Ⅱ),zinc(Ⅱ)and cobalt(Ⅲ) have been synthesized and characterized by elementel analysis,IR,UV,magnetic measurement and molar conductivity.The anti cancer activities of ligand and complexes were investigated on cancer cell in vitro.The results reveal that the transition metal ions were coordinated with ligand through the imide N atom and S atom to form complexes.All the complexes exhibit higher anti cancer activities than the ligand.


The rapid economic and social development brought not only a new opportunity,but also the fierce competition of talents to Hunan higher education.The outflow of talents is an indisputable truth,and the brain drain directly affects the quality of higher education and academy,constrains the overall quality improvement of teachers,and has a psychological impact on the work of in-service teachers.This paper made an analysis of job satisfaction structure of Hunan university teachers,and set up the regression model of leaving tendency.The results show that the main factors are returns,sex,and marriage.


A field survey was carried out in Aman Island, the northern Strait of Malacca, to investigate the
occurrence of harmful microalgae. The area is known for marine finfish cage-culture and blood cockle farming.
Plankton samples were collected fortnightly between July 2011 and September 2013. A total of 58 phytoplankton
genera were recorded; 37 belong to the diatoms, and 21 genera were dinoflagellates. Harmful microalgae species
were identified microscopically, of which nine are bloom-forming species that responsible for fish kills. These included
Akashiwo sanguinea, Chaetoceros affinis, Cha. curvisetus, Cha. laevis, Ceratium furca, C. fusus, Cochlodinium
sp., Karlodinium australe and Noctiluca scintillans. Three Alexandrium species were identified from the
samples, i.e. A. leei, A. affine and Alexandrium sp. Pulau Aman; some species in the genus have been known to
associate with Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP). Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP)-toxin producers were also
encountered in the water samples, viz. Dinophysis acuminata, D. caudata, Dinophysis sp. and Prorocentrum micans.
The harmful diatom, Pseudo-nitzschia spp. that associated with Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP), was commonly
found in the water samples. Cell abundance of each harmful microalga was enumerated. The results showed that cell densities of harmful microalgae were relatively low throughout the sampling period. The microalgae community
was dominated by Ceratium furca in May 2012, with cell densities exceeding 70,000 cells L-1; no fish kill event
was reported during the time. Even though no fish kill or shellfish poisoning was reported in the area, he presence of harmful microalgae albeit at low cell densities, may pose a potential threat to human health and seafood biosecurity. Therefore, regular phytoplankton monitoring is necessary to safeguard human health and seafood industries in the country.


Robotics is a term which is used for the combination of multiple terms such as engineering, technology, rehab etc. Even, the term artificial intelligence has proved to be useful in taking robotics ahead. Walking ability is linked to a variety of daily duties, whilst immobility can considerably reduce the standard of living of those suffering from locomotory illnesses. Researchers from all over the world are working to enhance or develop medicines and gadgets that may aid those individuals.By assisting therapists in delivering ongoing instruction over a long period of time and gathering data to monitor improvement robotics-assisted rehabilitation technology has the potential to improve the efficacy and availability of therapy.This review research summarizes the effort that has gone into the implementation and evolution of robotic systems for rehabilitation.Home-based rehabilitation devices, which make use of readily available state-of-the-art technology, are offered as a long-term solution to the current situation.In order to effectively enroll in this therapy for research reasons, efforts are made to discover the appropriate form of treatment, the amount and quantity of training technique, and the patient's features. Robotic therapy should be considered as a therapeutic tool that may be utilized to provide a more complex, controlled multimodal stimulation to the patient, as well as to affect the development of neural pathways through movement. In order to effectively enroll in this therapy for research reasons, efforts are made to discover the appropriate treatment, the length and quantity of training technique, and the patient's features.


In this paper, a Co-planar waveguide (CPW) fed wide bandwidth slot antenna is proposed for UWB applications. The antenna consists of a rectangular slot modified at both side of the CPW feed forming two symmetrical step like ground structure. The proposed antenna structure is simulated by using Finite element Method based ANSOFT HFSS electromagnetic simulation software and characterized by return loss, radiation pattern and gain response. The proposed antenna exhibits an impedance bandwidth from 3.46 GHz to 10.48 GHz that gives a fractional bandwidth of 101% with return loss less than or equal to 10 dB (VSWR≤ 2). The maximum available gain is 4.5dBi in the broad side direction.


This article tests a resolution of the difficulties in specifying how goals and situations relate to one another. The new theory suggests a distinction among situational features. "Reasonably apparent" features are those that are fairly obvious at the start of an interaction. "Subjective" features are emergent and depend on a participant's experience of the interaction. The proposed theory is that reasonably apparent situation features cause primary goals, which cause subjective situational characteristics, which in turn activate secondary goals. In Study 1 (n = 461), results of analysis of open-ended situational descriptions were consistent with this new theory. The difficulties in testing complex causal relations with categorical data led to Study 2 (n = 1,435), which also supported the new theory.


Determining risk for passing on heritable conditions is an important component of preconception and prenatal care, and testing has traditionally


Abstract Friction stir welding is a novel welding technology, which has been applied widely in aerospace, traffic, marine industries because of its unique mechanical properties, metallurgic structure and environmental friendly. In the present study, the effect of pin rotational speed and traverse speed at constant downward force on microstructure and mechanical properties (Tensile and Hardness) of wrought aluminum alloys AA6351-T6 and AA2024-T6 of dissimilar friction stir welds were studied. Transverse tensile strength and hardness profiles on either side of the weld centre line were evaluated and the results were compared with base materials at room temperature.


Post-transcriptional regulation of genes is critical for the proper temporal and spatial expression of gene products. mRNA transcripts contain cis AU-rich elements (AUREs) in their 3' untranslated region (UTR) that facilitate the binding of trans acting stability factors. AUREs however remain poorly characterized. Using regular expressions inherent in the PERL programming language, coupled to the Ensemble Human Transcriptome database, we confirm trends observed in already characterized 3' UTRs as well as identify several significant and novel 3' UTR flanking sequences that may have biological significance.


This paper analyzes feasibility studies regarding the structure, applications and issues of the library RFID system. In this study, the structure and principle, operation mode and middleware of library RFID system are reviewed in detail, Finally this paper analyzed and proposed the RFID applications that could be efficient to information management and user service of library and the major problems and improvements of library RFID system.


This correspondence is stimulated by the article by Doctors Harris and Cohen which appeared in Pediatrics, 31:1044, 1963.
 I am indeed pleased to learn that some patients with glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency (von Gierke's disease) have elevated sweat electrolytes. We recall one patient tested by us with this deficiency and he showed the following values: at 5 10/12 years of age, sodium 18.8 meq/l, chloride 23.9 meq/l, potassium 7.3 meq/l. I consulted Dr. Paul di Sant-`Agnese, who is an authority on both glycogen storage disease and cystic fibrosis.


We consider the stable assignment problem on a graph with nonnegative real capacities on the edges and quotas on the vertices, in which the preferences of agents are given via diversifying choice functions. We prove that for any input of the problem, there exists exactly one stable assignment, and propose a polynomial time algorithm to find it.


Abstract : A project is described concerning the development of an array of job aid concepts from which cognizant Navy personnel would select as one means of obtaining performance from the human element of the aircraft maintenance system.


Studies that have compared and quantified the oropharynageal leak pressure (OPLP) and adequacy of ventilation with supraglottic airway devices in different head and neck positions have been done in adult populations. The effects of head–neck position changes on the functioning of I‐gel™ in pediatric population still remain unevaluated.


The assumption was that through the disclosure of the cost of credit in a comprehensive, clear, and uniform manner, the consumer would be able to compare the cost of credit, to shop for credit, and to make a more economical use of credit. This seemed to be a rather simple proposal, but as you know, considerable controversy arose over the workability of the legislation, and as a result it was pigeonholed within the Senate Banking and Currency Committee for at least seven years. In 1967 following Senator Douglas's defeat in Illinois, Senator Proxmire from Wisconsin picked up the bill. Hearings were held in the 90th Congress in 1967 and the bill finally did pass the Senate by a vote of ninety-two to nothing. The House of Representatives held hearings in the fall, and in December came out with a much tougher bill. In addition to removing a number of exemptions that had been written into the Senate bill, the House truth-in-lending bill also added provisions dealing with wage garnishment and advertising. Then on the House floor, provisions were added dealing with loan sharking and second mortgages. Rather than describe in detail the provisions of the truth-in-lending bill, I would like to discuss briefly some of the major issues in the bill six or seven of the leading controversies and problems that we had and describe to you what the arguments were, what the debate was and what the final compromises were, and in effect, to indicate how the law got to be what it is. Needless to say, any opinions I express are my own and are not necessarily those of any member of the Senate Banking and Currency Committee. Of course the classic controversy over the life of the bill was the concept of the annual percentage rate and just what kind of rate was to


The utility model relates to a composite vibration fluid bed drier, which is suitable for drying powder and granular materials in chemical industries, food industries, feed industries, medicine industries, etc. The utility model is composed of a vibrating body, an upper cover body, a vibration isolation spring and a bottom frame. A feed inlet, an elastic material distributor, a feed outlet, a wind shielding device, a cold and heat wind chamber and a hole plate working surface are arranged on the vibrating body. A vapor net path arranged in a net type, a manhole and a wind exhaust outlet are arranged on the upper cover body. The utility model is characterized in that the hole plate working surface is designed according to the property of a dried material and data obtained after experiments. The hole plate working surface is combined by a parabolic segment and a straight segment. The through hole rate of the hole plate working surface of the drier is decreased along the direction of materials and is between 35% and 18%. Therefore, the utility model can obtain the optimum drying effect of materials.


The economic performance of a firm is directly related to its capacity of understanding demands and environmental exigencies. Knowing and differentiating the influence of each of the main factors acting on a certain market allow the firm's decision-making aiming at making its activity as profitable as possible. A SWOT analysis is the most important managerial technique used to understand the strategic position of a firm. It is through these methods that a firm's management can anticipate, develop and implement the optimal strategy meant to ensure a firm's prosperity, no matter the field of activity.


This photo essay explores a particular (but not uncommon) historical nexus and regime of information and control—the operations and recorded remains of a police surveillance program—and the ways in which today two artists, through politico-aesthetic practices, re-vision and make public, alter and share knowledge about past invasive acts on individual privacy and previously covert documents.
Pre-print first published online 11/25/2018


To investigate the longitudinal alteration of health‐related quality of life (HRQL) up to 5 years after radical perineal prostatectomy (RPP) among Japanese patients with localized prostate cancer.


In the framework of new services in wireless networks beyond the third generation, asymmetric and flexible uplink transmission schemes are highly desirable. Hence, especially in "data only" networks, an efficient uplink scheduling must not be neglected in the network design. Although not yet well covered in the literature, this area appears to gain importance especially in the face of high speed uplink packet access (HSUPA) radio link design for future wireless systems. In this work we study an uplink scheduling scheme from the information theoretic and queueing theoretic point of view. The objective of the cross-layer (Goldsmith, A.J. et al., 2003) scheduling approach we present is the stability of bit-queues awaiting their transmission at every user node. With this approach is associated an optimization problem of maximizing the weighted sum of rates, where the weights express the intensity of packet-traffics at every user node. An important property characterizing our approach is considering only spatial channelization of users, i.e. allocating user signals within one successive interference cancellation (SIC) order fixed over a certain time interval T. We show, that despite this neglection of time sharing technique, it is possible to achieve an overall optimal stability achieving scheduling for every set of user rate weights. Furthermore, we show that the choice of the SIC-order allowing for the optimal scheduling is independent of user channels and that the associated optimization problem over transmit covariance matrices is convex.


This paper proposes a method of predicting the formant frequencies of a frame of speech from its mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) representation. Prediction is achieved through the creation of a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) which models the joint density of formant frequencies and MFCCs. Using this GMM and an input MFCC vector, a maximum a posteriori (MAP) prediction of the formant frequencies is generated. Formant prediction accuracy is evaluated on both a constrained vocabulary connected digits database and on a 5000 word large vocabulary database. Experiments first examine the accuracy of formant frequency prediction as the number of clusters in the GMM is varied with a best formant frequency prediction error of 3.72% being obtained. Secondly the effect of noise on formant prediction accuracy is examined. A fall in accuracy is observed with reducing signal-to-noise ratios, but by using a GMM matched to the noise conditions formant prediction accuracy is significantly improved.


The aggregation of proteins and polypeptides is a major problem in the laboratory and in biotechnology, and is a serious issue in biology and human health.1−4 Protein aggregation is a topic that is ripe for investigation by physical chemical and biophysical methods, as well as by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and by more coarse grained modeling and analytical theory. Much recent attention in the physical chemistry community has focused on the process of amyloid fibril formation, motivated in part by its role in human disease. More than 30 different diseases involve amyloid formation, including devastating neurodegenerative disorders, but the mechanism of amyloid formation is not well understood, and there are very few viable therapeutic approaches. Amyloids are partially ordered aggregates of proteins that contain significant β-sheet structure arrayed in a cross-β structure in which the individual peptide chains are oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the fibril (Figure (Figure1). The1). The formation of amyloid is a fascinating and challenging problem in molecular self-assembly. However, it is worthwhile reminding ourselves that the importance of amyloids is directly related to their role in human disease, and thus experiments and simulations conducted under simplified conditions need to connect to biology to remain relevant. Fortunately, recent developments in methodology and experimental design, as well as growing collaborations between biophysicists and biologists hold the promise of providing a more rigorous, biologically relevant description of amyloid formation. Several of these advances are highlighted in the Perspectives included in this issue. Protein aggregation is not limited to amyloid formation, and new methods and approaches are also needed to study nonamyloidogenic aggregation. For example, considerable resources are invested in optimizing protein solubility and preventing aggregation of potential therapeutic proteins. Aggregation and poor solubility have limited the development of many monoclonal antibodies and other protein-based drugs and can lead to problems with immunogenicity, as well as loss of active protein.4 Protein aggregation can take other guises in biology beyond just amyloid. A classical example, and still arguably the best understood case of pathological protein aggregation, is the polymerization of sickle cell hemoglobin to form polymeric fibers. Elegant spectroscopic measurements together with detailed modeling have defined the mechanism of sickle cell polymerization, illustrating the power of physical chemical approaches.5 There are numerous other examples of deleterious aggregation that does not involve amyloid, including interesting mechanisms by which certain viruses subvert host defenses.


With the increase of Android OS mobile's usage day-to-day, mobiles are getting affected with malware applications. Many antimalware's are available in the market to detect and remove these malwares from the device. But these antimalware's fails to detect the once the malware changes its form. To overcome this, we proposed a technique using SVM (Support Vector Machine) tool, which increases the malware detection strength. Each time when a new application is installed in the mobile, the permission features and API (Application Programming Interface) calls related to the application are extracted and weights are assigned to them. The weights are assigned based on their malicious nature. If the total weight exceeds the predefined threshold then it will considered as malware and reports to the user. This method can also detect even if the malware changes its form.


The principles behind the model of the welfare state, so popular in the decades in Western Europe after World War Two, have endured serious pressure in the 1970's and 1980's. Politicians armed with the ideas of neoliberalism have fought to redefine the balance of the private and state spheres in the provision of social welfare. This has seen the emergence of a mixed economy of social welfare; allowing aspects of the private market to operate in traditionally state sphere of welfare provision. This article analyses the issues connected to this and the new terminology used to describe these new models of social welfare, all of which has of been of serious interests to politicians, academics and those who work in social welfare provision. The results of this analysis are presented in three sections. Firstly, there is an examination of the concept of 'state' and 'private ' within the context of the major changes in the last two decades. The second part reveals the workings of a range of new 'hybrid' institutions, interactions and practices that make up the essence of the new system of the mixed model of state welfare provision. The third section suggests new ways to provide a more effective analysis of this very difficult and complex problem. The story of Anna, a hypothetical composite case from the author's own research, gives the reader an insight into people will fit into these new welfare systems, whether it be the effect of private investors on the performance of schools or the third sector's involvement in Housing Associations. Instead of one unified welfare system for all citizens, we can expect the welfare system to mutate into vary diverse elements and maintain very different stances to citizens. Researchers must avoid oversimplification of these processes and retain much vigilance to trace the growth of the market in the welfare state.


The synthesis and properties of organosoluble aromatic polyimides, containing spiro-skeletal units in the polymer backbone on the basis of the spiro-diamine monomer, 2,2'-diamino-9,9'-spirobifluorene, are described. In the case of the spiro segment, the two fluorene rings are orthogonally arranged and connected through a tetrahedral bonding carbon atom, the spiro center. As a consequence, the polymer chain is periodically zigzagged with a 90° angle at each spiro center. This structural feature minimizes interchain interactions and restricts the close packing of the polymer chains, resulting in amorphous polyimides that have good solubility in organic solvents. Compared with their fluorene-based cardo analogues, the spirobifluorene-based polyimides have an improved solubility. Furthermore, the main-chain rigidity of the polyimide appears to be preserved because of the presence of the spiro structure, which restricts the free segmental mobility. As a result, these polyimides exhibit a high glass-transition temperature (T g 's) and good thermal stability. The T g 's of these polyimides were in the range of 287-374 °C, and the decomposition temperatures in nitrogen for a 10% weight loss occurred at temperatures above 570 °C.


A new approach to the Friedlander synthesis of quinolines is described. Polysubstituted quinolines are readily prepared under milder conditions than in other existing methods through a gold(III)-catalysed sequential condensation/annulation reaction of o-amino aromatic carbonyls and ketones containing active methylene groups.


The increasing need worldwide for aircrafts in the recent years leads to a severe demand in efficient production technologies which are capable to realize high production rates. At the same time the interest in lightweight-materials like carbon composites has gained importance for the realization of energy efficient aircrafts. Therefore future generations of aircrafts will consist of a significant amount of composite components. Today the production of those components has started to become automated. Still there is a lot of room for improvement regarding increase in efficiency and part quality and in automation which meets the specific demands of the application. Combined with industry 4.0 approaches, a principle we call Human Aided Automation bears a huge potential for aerospace industry to satisfy their near future production needs. Technologies dealt with in this context are multi-robot fiber placement, resin-transfer-molding and smart autoclave processing.


Objective To probe and verify a new safe, effective, simple and easy induction method for middle trimester pregnancy with significantly shorter induction time. Methods 122 induction desiring cases with gestational week of 14.0~22.0 were randomly divided into two groups. Ethacridine 100 mg was injected routinely into the amnionic cavity and two tablets of misoprostol (0.4 mg for the study group of 64 cases) or metronidazole (0.4 g for the control group of 58 cases) were placed into the vagina just after the injection. Results The successful rates of single induction and fetal delivery time were 96.9% versus 82.8% ( P 0.01) and (28.8±17.2) hours versus (50.2± 10.9) hours ( P 0.001) respectively in the study and control group. The amount of postpartum hemorrhage was lesser in the study group.There were no significant differences between the two groups in placenta delivery time, the amount of intrauterine tissue remnant, post induction recovery and the incidence of side reactions or effects. No obvious complications occurred such as tetanus uterine contraction and so on. Conclusion The induction method of combined misoprostol and ethacridine can dramatically increase the successful rate of single induction and reduce induction time. It is a safe, reliable and high effective induction method for properly selected cases.


The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model version 3.0 developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) includes three land surface schemes: the simple soil thermal diffusion (STD) scheme, the Noah scheme, and the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) scheme. We have recently coupled the sophisticated NCAR Community Land Model version 3 (CLM3) into WRF to better characterize land surface processes. Among these four land surface schemes, the STD scheme is the simplest in both structure and process physics. The Noah and RUC schemes are at the intermediate level of complexity. CLM3 includes the most sophisticated snow, soil, and vegetation physics among these land surface schemes. WRF simulations with all four land surface schemes over the western United States (WUS) were carried out for the 1 October 1995 through 30 September 1996. The results show that land surface processes strongly affect temperature simulations over the (WUS). As compared to observations, WRF-CLM3 with the highest complexity level significantly improves temperature simulations, except for the wintertime maximum temperature. Precipitation is dramatically overestimated by WRF with all four land surface schemes over the (WUS) analyzed in this study and does not show a close relationship with land surface processes.


A hollow composite CFST(concrete-filled steel tube) is divided into three parts: a concrete core,an inner steel tube and an outer steel tube.As a pseudo planar problem,it was analyzed by an elastic axisymmetrical method.By means of the theorem of the stationary value of potential energy,the elasticity theory analysis of an infinitesimal deformation was performed for the hollow composite CFST column.The theoretical formulas of confinement coefficients,and the composite compressive elastic modulus were gained,and the formulas can actually and reliably describe the elasticity behaviors and the confinement mechanism of the composite column.Analytical results indicate that the composite axial elastic modulus is influenced by the Poisson's ratio not only of the concrete core but also of the steel tube,and it is also changed with the confinement force between the concrete and steel tube.The composite axial elastic modulus increased linearly as the steel ratio improves.The stress distribution ratios of the concrete core,inner steel tube and outer steel tube were discussed,which was not determined by uniaxial elastic modulus.


We have participated in the open tracks and closed tracks on four corpora of Chinese word segmentation tasks in CIPSSIGHAN-2010 Bake-offs. In our experiments, we used the Chinese inner phonology information in all tracks. For open tracks, we proposed a double hidden layers' HMM (DHHMM) in which Chinese inner phonology information was used as one hidden layer and the BIO tags as another hidden layer. N-best results were firstly generated by using DHHMM, then the best one was selected by using a new lexical statistic measure. For close tracks, we used CRF model in which the Chinese inner phonology information was used as features.


A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive kharif seasons of 2017 and 2018 at Agricultural Research Station, Ananthapuramu of Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Andhra Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. There were 9 treatments consisting of dryland groundnut (Without insitu and exsitu rainwater management), Formation of conservation furrows at every 1.2 m width at sowing, T2 + one supplemental irrigation of 10 mm when dryspell of 10 days occurs after 50 % flowering, T2 + two supplemental irrigations of 10 mm each when dryspell of 10 days occurs after 50% flowering, Shales (Beluku in Telugu) application @ 300 t ha -1 as surface mulch (first year application only), T5 + one supplemental irrigation of 10 mm when dryspell of 10 days occurs after 50% flowering, T5+ two supplemental irrigations of 10 mm each when dryspell of 10 days occurs after 50% flowering, only one supplemental irrigation of 10 mm when dryspell of 10 days occurs after 50% flowering and two supplemental irrigations of 10 mm each when dryspell of 10 days occurs after 50% flowering. Significantly higher plant height, leaf area index at all growth stages and pod and haulm yield were recorded with application of shales shales @300 t/ha combined with two supplemental irrigations of 10 mm each when dry spell of 10 days occurs after 50% flowering (T7), which was statistically comparable with application of shales @300 t/ha combined with one supplemental irrigation of 10 mm each when dry spell of 10 days occurs (T6) during both years of study. Where as, lower plant height, leaf area index, pod and haulm yield were recorded with dryland groundnut (without insitu and exsitu rainwater management) (T1).


There are non-vanishing price responses across different stocks in correlated financial markets. We further study this issue by performing different averages, which identify active and passive cross-responses. The two average cross-responses show different characteristic dependences on the time lag. The passive cross-response exhibits a shorter response period with sizeable volatilities, while the corresponding period for the active cross-response is longer. The average cross-responses for a given stock are evaluated either with respect to the whole market or to different sectors. Using the response strength, the influences of individual stocks are identified and discussed. Moreover, the various cross-responses as well as the average cross-responses are compared with the self-responses. In contrast, the short memory of trade sign cross-correlation for stock pairs, the sign cross-correlation has long memory when averaged over different pairs of stocks.


The effect of quantum lattice fluctuations on the Peierls dimerization is investigated in a half-filled one-dimensional molecular-crystal model. The nonadiabatic effects due to finite phonon frequency \ensuremath{\omega} are treated through a variational polaron wave function: A part of the lattice distortion is carried over by the electrons and interferes with the static (frozen) lattice deformation. This leads to a weakening of the effective (adiabatic) potential stabilizing the dimerized state. Our results in the \ensuremath{\omega}=0 (adiabatic) and \ensuremath{\omega}=\ensuremath{\infty} (nonadiabatic) limits are in agreement with previous results. Moreover, in the finite-\ensuremath{\omega} case we show that the lattice fluctuations are ``squeezed'' by the electron band motion, and the phonon subsystem is in the so-called two-phonon coherent state. The finite-\ensuremath{\omega} results are in good agreement with both Monte Carlo simulations and renormalization-group analysis: For the spinless case an order-disorder transition is found on increasing the phonon frequency. On the contrary, the system for spin-1/2 electrons is always ordered, but the order parameter is slightly reduced when \ensuremath{\omega} increases. The competition with singlet superconductive ordering is also examined. For \ensuremath{\omega}=\ensuremath{\infty} the system is found to be on the borderline between charge-density wave (CDW) and superconducting, while for finite-\ensuremath{\omega} CDW ordering prevails. Further extensions of this work are indicated.


Summary A survey of structural remains coupled with oral tradition sketches a picture of complicated socio-technical change during the 200 years preceeding the onset of British administration of Elgon-Nyanza in the 1890s. The development of forts enabled Bantu farmers to enter contested areas, once the domain of Nilotic pastoralists, in reasonable security. The broad adaptive pattern discernible from information at hand seems to be that of successful strategic agricultural hamlets sending out satellite populations into surrounding regions which in turn fortified themselves and developed farming. In the northern mountain regions this process of fort building and pioneering clearly continues after the turn of the century. The combination of a fort site survey with oral tradition has been valuable in revealing some of the key elements of individual and corporate activities contributing to rapid socio-cultural change and the development of a distinct Northern Luyia culture in the eighteenth and nineteenth cen...


The utility model belongs to the powder conveyers, comprising a blanking hopper, a blanking pipe, a storehouse type pump, a fluidized bed, an air chamber, a feeding pipe, an air distributing bag, an air complementing device, an annular air pipe, a dotted fluidizing device, an injection air pipe, an upper and a lower reinforcing plates, a well-shaped frame structure, an orifice-plate flow meter, a blow off valve and a powder conveying valve, wherein, the air distributing bag is provided with five air distributing valves and corresponding pipelines; the annular air pipe is connected with the dotted fluidizing device, arranged at the outer wall of the blanking hopper and communicated with the hopper; the blanking pipe comprises a butterfly valve, a clock valve and a hose connector; the fluidized bed is made of stainless steel screen micro pore sintered plates. The utility model has the advantages of high speed of powder conveyance, high efficiency, little consumption, etc.


: In the context of smart building energy management, we address in this work the problem of controlling light so as to minimise energy usage of the building while maintaining the satisfaction of the user regarding comfort using a stateless Reinforcement Learning approach. We consider that the user can freely interact with the building and changes the intensity of the light according to his comfort. Moreover, we consider that the behaviour of the user depends not only on present conditions but also on past behaviour of the control system. In this setting, we use the pursuit algorithm to control the signal and investigate the impact of the discretization of the action space on the convergence speed of the algorithm and the quality of the policies learned by the agent. We propose ways to accelerate convergence speed by varying the maximal duration of the actions while maintaining the quality of the policies and compare different solutions to achieve it.


Keynote Address IHPLICATlONS OF THE CURREtff WET CYCLE TO LANDSLIDES IN UTAH by Robert W. Fleming 1 and Robert L. Sc huster 1 The damaging landslides in Utah in 1983 and 1984 ca n be attributed to an abrupt increase in precipitation that is unprecedented in Utah's more than 100-year history. Among the many types of landslides that occurred, reactivations of large relatively slow-movi ng landalidea and soil slip-debris f l ows were most cOIIllllon . The evaluation of hazards from these types of landslide& is inhibited by a lack of basic research information on precipitation-subsurface water response. The disaster hae provided an oppoftunity to greatly improve our understanding of landdide distribution, mechanics, and processes.


Droplet temperature is a key parameter for the study of heat and mass transfers in spray applications. We present a new method based on laser-induced fluorescence to measure the droplet temperature. It combines a two-photon excitation of the fluorescence and a measurement of the fluorescence lifetime. The method is illustrated for the study of the mixing between two sprays injected at different temperatures. Not only the temperature of the mixture but also the temperature and volume fraction of individual sprays can be measured with acceptable accuracy