Recent studies have renewed interest in developing novel antiviral therapeutics and vaccines based on defective interfering particles (DIPs)—a subset of viral deletion mutants that conditionally replicate. Identifying and engineering DIPs require that viral cis- and trans-acting elements be accurately mapped. ABSTRACT It has long been known that noncoding genomic regions can be obligate cis elements acted upon in trans by gene products. In viruses, cis elements regulate gene expression, encapsidation, and other maturation processes, but mapping these elements relies on targeted iterative deletion or laborious prospecting for rare spontaneously occurring mutants. Here, we introduce a method to comprehensively map viral cis and trans elements at single-nucleotide resolution by high-throughput random deletion. Variable-size deletions are randomly generated by transposon integration, excision, and exonuclease chewback and then barcoded for tracking via sequencing (i.e., random deletion library sequencing [RanDeL-seq]). Using RanDeL-seq, we generated and screened >23,000 HIV-1 variants to generate a single-base resolution map of HIV-1's cis and trans elements. The resulting landscape recapitulated HIV-1's known cis-acting elements (i.e., long terminal repeat [LTR], Ψ, and Rev response element [RRE]) and, surprisingly, indicated that HIV-1's central DNA flap (i.e., central polypurine tract [cPPT] to central termination sequence [CTS]) is as critical as the LTR, Ψ, and RRE for long-term passage. Strikingly, RanDeL-seq identified a previously unreported ∼300-bp region downstream of RRE extending to splice acceptor 7 that is equally critical for sustained viral passage. RanDeL-seq was also used to construct and screen a library of >90,000 variants of Zika virus (ZIKV). Unexpectedly, RanDeL-seq indicated that ZIKV's cis-acting regions are larger than the untranscribed (UTR) termini, encompassing a large fraction of the nonstructural genes. Collectively, RanDeL-seq provides a versatile framework for generating viral deletion mutants, enabling discovery of replication mechanisms and development of novel antiviral therapeutics, particularly for emerging viral infections. IMPORTANCE Recent studies have renewed interest in developing novel antiviral therapeutics and vaccines based on defective interfering particles (DIPs)—a subset of viral deletion mutants that conditionally replicate. Identifying and engineering DIPs require that viral cis- and trans-acting elements be accurately mapped. Here, we introduce a high-throughput method (random deletion library sequencing [RanDeL-seq]) to comprehensively map cis- and trans-acting elements within a viral genome. RanDeL-seq identified essential cis elements in HIV, including the obligate nature of the once-controversial viral central polypurine tract (cPPT), and identified a new cis region proximal to the Rev responsive element (RRE). RanDeL-seq also identified regions of Zika virus required for replication and packaging. RanDeL-seq is a versatile and comprehensive technique to rapidly map cis and trans regions of a genome.


The combination of generative programming and component engineering applied to software product line engineering (SPLE) has focused thus far mostly on static systems (as previous editions of AOPLE indicate), with variability that is bound once. Meanwhile, an emergent paradigm in software engineering deals with self-adaptive and dynamic systems. While there is a well-known and agreed SPLE process for static systems, there has been less focus on dynamically adaptive systems. As such it appears imperative to include it in an extended research agenda. In the present paper we observe limitations related to domain engineering in SPLE and identify what fundamental concepts, such ascontextandbinding time, must be retought in order to achieve SPLE for dynamically adaptive systems. The main contribution of this paper is a set of research questions, aimed at defining a common research agenda for addressing these limitations.


An automated, multi-disciplinary optimization procedure for sub-sonic gas turbine compressor blades is presented. Evolutionary optimization algorithms are coupled with existing tools for geometry generation, mechanical integrity analysis and Q3D flow analysis for design and off-design conditions. Aerodynamic and mechanical objectives and constraints are formulated based on the standard design criteria. The feasibility of the approach is tested by automatically designing different rotor blades for the subsonic compressor region. First results are promising. All rotor blades show similar profile shapes, which underlines the robustness of the optimization procedure. The blades are characterized by a pronounced front loading which leads to a large (predicted) operating range. A special focus in this paper is on a 3D-blade parameterization, which by default leads to smooth blades, and on the assessment of the off-design behavior. The considered optimization algorithm shows a fast and robust convergence even from randomly initialized blades.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


The configuration of most heat exchangers does not allow easy visual inspection. If damage is suspected, alternative types of inspection must be considered and the most cost-effective one selected. Cooperative development of procedures nd techniques for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) is vital. This case history describes a chemical company`s experience in failure analysis, corrective measures, vendor qualification, and NDE of failed compressor interstage coolers.


We study the polynomials obtained by enumerating a set of permutations with respect to the number of excedances. We prove that these polynomials have only real zeros and are unimodal for many interesting classes of permutations. We then show how these polynomials also arise naturally from the theory of symmetric functions.


ed that although smoking was a risk factor for MS in the Iranian population, it was not increasing and might not be responsible for the increased incidence and sex ratio of MS in Iran [6, 7] . On the other hand, we have previously proposed the young age structure (age structural shift) of Iran as another possible explanation for the increased crude incidence of MS [2] . Vitamin D deficiency is currently a health problem in Iran as well as in the rest of the world. However, in Iran there are gender differences in vitamin D levels [8–10] . Studies carried out in Isfahan and Tehran suggest that the rate of vitamin D deficiency is high in the general population and significantly more prominent in females and youngsters [8–10] . Although it has been shown that wearing a veil and covering is associated with hypovitaminosis D [11] , it should be borne in mind that prior to the occurrence of the Islamic revolution in 1979, most Iranians were still Muslim, and since wearing a hijab by women is required by Islamic rules, most Iranian women used to wear a veil and covering in public even before the revolution. Nevertheless, there have been radical lifestyle changes during the past decades, such as urbanization, living in apartments, air pollution, insufficient consumption of vitamin-D-rich food, widespread use of sun screens, avoiding sun exposure for fear of skin cancer and esthetical issues, all of which are thought to cause vitamin D deficiency, and the latter two are more prevalent among females [8] . Moreover, Iranian women spend less time in the sun compared to men, which could also lead to vitamin D deficiency, but is independent of wearing a hijab or veil and is mostly due to culture and lifestyle [7, 9] . These factors combined with the hijab might have caused the gender difference in vitamin D deficiency in Iran. On the other hand, Iranian immigrants to Canada and Sweden have been shown to have similar high rates of MS, and a hijab is not a requirement in those countries [12, 13] . Furthermore, the incidence, prevalence and sex ratio of MS are also on the rise in other countries, which seem to be due to the lifestyle changes especially among women, which could have also occurred amongst Iranian women. As Muslim women can expose their face and hands in public, sun exposure to these parts for a certain daily period could help supplying vitamin D levels. Taken together, dietary and lifestyle changes could help improve vitamin D deficiency in Iran. Moreover, as we have previously suggested [14] , and as rightfully suggested by Pakpoor and Ramagopalan [1] , vitamin D supplementation for Iranian women could be a good strategy to control the rising incidence and sex ratio of MS in Iran.


The synthesis and characterization of Schiff base and its solid metal complexes derived from Para-toluic hydrazide and 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde (OVPTH) by using modified Sand Mayer's method. The derived colored complexes are Cu (II) & Mn (II) with OVPTH. The structures of the titled new azomethine were elucidated by Elemental analysis, IR, NMR, UV-Vis Spectrometry, ESR, Vibrational spin magnetometry, TG-DTA and Conductometric measurements. In addition the authors have been screened the compounds for biological activity. It was found that the compounds have shown activity against the organisms like Salmonella typhi, Enterococcus faecails and Escherichia coli.


The lightning attachment process is an important field in the lightning protection of the transmission line. As the downward leader approaches the transmission line, several upward leaders could be generated. It also exhibits the competition among upward leaders. These leaders deposit charge on their path and this charge modifies the electric field in the vicinity of the transmission line. The effect of several connecting leaders on the lightning attachment process is studied in the present paper. The results show that the process of attachment of the lightning to the transmission line is affected significantly by the competition of upward leaders. The competition characteristic of upward leaders should be taken into account to improve the accuracy of the calculation of the lightning protection of the transmission line.


. European grayling, Thymallus thymallus L., larvae, after hatching, were fed solely on a dry food diet and compared to those fed live zooplankton. After 28 days of rearing at temperatures ranging from 15·0°C to 18·3°C (mean, 16·4°C) fish fed the dry diet reached 0·21 g individual wet weight and 31mm in total length; those fed zooplankton reached 0·13g and 27·5 mm respectively. The survival rate of fish fed the dry diet was higher (56·6%) than that of fish fed the live food (40·7%). Results are discussed in the light of the development of the alimentary tract in the early ontogeny of grayling.


Summary The present paper describes a program focusing on food education and physical activity, carried out at the day centre of the 3rd Psychiatric Service of Verona. The aim was to verify the feasibility of a group intervention in order to improve the quality of lifestyles in psychiatric patients, in view of an extension of it (research protocol PHYSICO, currently in progress).


According to the problem of high voltage and measuring dielectric loss for water cooling stator winding of large generator, the new method for measuring dielectric loss of the stator winding was proposed. Through changing the way of connection, the method can shield ideally the infection of cooling water,and parameter can be measured in 50 Hz rated voltage. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the new method is accurate and reliable to measure dielectric loss and capacitance, and can solve the difficult problem of measuring dielectric loss of stator winding in rated voltage and with cooling water, and work efficiency can be improved greatly.


Clinical severity and impact of haemophilia on quality of life have been generally considered to be lower for haemophilia B (HB) compared with haemophilia A (HA) patients.


-We studied the cooperatively breeding Gray-backed Fiscal Shrike (Lanius excubitorius) near Naivasha, Kenya, to explore the roles of social and ecological factors in the maintenance of group-living. Gray-backs occurred in groups of 2-9 or more individuals, with only one breeding pair per group. Supernumeraries act as helpers to the breeders. Habitat of this species varied in the amount of perennial shrub cover. In the dry months high-cover areas had significantly more prey items than did low-cover areas. Group size was significantly positively correlated with shrub cover at 3 of the 4 times tested during the 3-yr study, and mean group size over an 18-month period also was correlated with shrub cover. Both individual survivorship and production of young increased with increasing cover. Group size also was correlated with survivorship and production of young. Partial correlation analysis could not separate the influences of group size and cover on survivorship. However, cover was significantly associated with the production of young when group size was held constant, and not vice versa. Pairs or small groups occasionally colonized lowcover areas; typically, however, the birds immigrating into these areas disappeared without having bred successfully. In contrast, high-cover areas held a constant number of breeding pairs and a varying number of supernumeraries. Supernumerary birds appeared to have a choice between dispersal and natal-territory fidelity, with the decision to disperse apparently weighed against the probability of eventual attainment of breeding status within or near the natal territory. Received 5 October 1984, accepted 12 April 1985. PREVIOUSLY, Zack and Ligon (1985) compared the habitat and demography of two sympatric, congeneric shrikes to find potentially important differences that may have led to their distinctly different social systems. We argued that habitat was a focal difference between the group-living species, the Gray-backed Fiscal Shrike (Lanius excubitorius), and the Common Fiscal Shrike (L. collaris). Here, we explore further the role of "habitat saturation" in the maintenance of cooperative breeding in the gray-backs, focusing on the role of microhabitat. Microhabitat, specifically perennial shrub cover, is evaluated in terms of its effects on the demography and dispersal of gray-backs. Although much speculation has been directed at the ecological bases of cooperative breeding systems (e.g. Selander 1964; Brown 1974, 1978, 1983; Ricklefs 1975; Emlen 1978, 1982, 1984; Gaston 1978b; Koenig and Pitelka 1981; Emlen and Vehrencamp 1983), little effort has been made to investigate directly the role of habitat 1 Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 USA. in the maintenance of cooperative social sys-


The current situation of the Russian media reveals a complex political framework in which political, military and economical interests appear as interrelated. This particular scenario is the result of the evolution experienced by the media in a country which has gone through many dramatic transformations. Bearing in mind this evolution, this article will examine the various functions attributed to the media by political elites and sections of power throughout different historical periods, comprising from the Zarist Russia to that of Yeltsin and Putin, also including the soviet period. The article will also look at how appropriate the term neo authoritarianism is to define the role of today's media in the country.


I~ recent years social scientists have given an inordinate amount of attention to the revolutionary potential of migrant populations in the metropolitan areas of developing nations. Now, with the publication of Cornelius' splendid study of the political attitudes and behavior of migrants and their city-born neighbors in six low-income communities on the periphery of Mexico City, we have an impressive empirical and theoretical basis for assessing the political impact of cityward migrants on local-level and national governmental systems. Far from being "revolutionary", the migrants described by Cornelius focus their demandmaking on highly parochial and limited issues. They want to increase family incomes and obtain steady jobs; they want education for themselves and their children; they want to become landowners or homeowners. These demands are hardly revolutionary for developing or developed countries; indeed, Cornelius concludes that "most of the demands on government stemming from the large-scale redistribution of population from rural to urban areas are, regrettably, those that are least likely to threaten the highly inequitable distribution of power and privilege in Mexican society" (p.171). In addition to its focus on political demand-making, this case study provides an excellent overview of the process of urban assimilation. Cornelius demonstrates conclusively that migration must be understood within a broad context, ranging from the local community as an arena of socialization to the national government as an agent of information dissemination. As a result of


The relevance of the article can be justified by the requirements for youth entrepreneurship training defined by sustainable development goals. In particular, these requirements are expected to promote the continuous, comprehensive and sustainable economic growth of the country, as well as full and decent employment for all. The object of the research is the technologization of youth training for entrepreneurship. The aim of the research lies in justifying and experimentally verifying the author's method of introducing pedagogical technologies in youth training for entrepreneurship in vocational education institutions. Results: the author's method of introducing pedagogical technologies is defined as a system of dependent variables, pedagogical factors and algorithms of their application. The article also presents a modelled algorithm of the simultaneous introduction of the author's technologies (motivating future specialists towards business activity, improving their financial literacy and capacity for project activity and effective self-management) in educational institutions. The effectiveness of this method has been verified during a pedagogical experiment. This experiment aimed to prove the positive dynamics in the levels of future specialists' entrepreneurship competence. Conclusions: In the short run, the author's method of introducing pedagogical technologies in youth training for entrepreneurship allows one to optimize teachers' activities (by simplifying the choice of pedagogical influence factors and isolating dependent variables), strengthen the systematicity, controllability, reproducibility and effectiveness of the author's technologies. In the medium run, it will promote the technologicalization of vocational education and help achieve sustainable development goals. Experimental verification of the author's method has shown a significant increase in students' levels of entrepreneurship competence. Furthermore, it has proved the synergistic effect of the systematic use of innovative forms and methods of pedagogical influence on personality.


Objective To investigate the role of HO-1 in the protection of rat heart from anoxia/reoxygenation induced injury and its underlying mechanism.Methods LVEDP,LVDP and dp/dtmax were analyzed by the Langendorff method in isolated rat heart.Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), infarct area,COHb and 6-keto-PGF1α were further determined in the experiment.Results After intraperitoneal injection of HO-1 inducer hemin,CO concentration in rat blood enhanced(P0.01 compared with control group).Pretreatment of hemin prevented the increase in LVEDP and decrease in LVDP,±dp/dtmax during the anoxia and reoxygenation period in hearts.Hemin had no effect on change of coronary flow,but it did inhibit the release of LDH from anoxia/reoxygenation heart.Hemin also reduced infarct area in anoxia heart after 2 h-reoxygenation(P0.01).CO concentration in rat blood reduced after intraperitoneal injection of HO-1 inhibitor ZnPP(P0.01 compared with control group).ZnPP aggravated the decreasein LVDP and dp/dtmax.Pretreatment of ZnPP enhanced the LDH release and enlarged the infarct area(P0.05).Cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib partly abolished the protection effect of hemin on LVEDP,LVDP and dp/dtmax.Pretreatment of celecoxib could also cancel the inhibition of LDH release and reduction of infarct area caused by hemin(P0.05).Conclusion HO-1 inducer hemin may protect heart from anoxia/reoxygenation induced injury.The activation of COX-2 may be also involved in the cardiac protection of HO/CO.


The bacterial diversity and phylogenetic analysis of two hot springs in Chengde were inves-tigated and analyzed by construction of 16S rRNA gene clone libraries.The results showed that bacteria in sample A11(68 °C) could be divided into 5 groups,which were as follows: Firmicutes(6.25%),Deinococcus-Thermus(25.0%),Gammaproteobacteria(12.5%),Betaproteo-bacteria(50.0%),Al-phaproteobacteria(6.25%).But sample A12(74.5 °C) contains only one group,Firmicutes.The differ-ence between the two samples revealed that the temperature was an important factor to affect the level of bacterial diversity in hot springs.Furthermore,a lot of 16S rDNA sequences in A11 clone library had high similarity to the aerobic bacteria that can produce pigment,while most bacteria in A12 clone li-brary belonged to obligate or facultative anaerobe,in which,Anoxybacillus flavithermus can be used as ideal material to research the formation of sinter.


Thermally driven gas flow is exploited in a microscale device for the purpose of gas pressure dependent actuation in rarefied environments. The device relies on the in-plane motion of a shuttle mass in response to Knudsen thermal forces. The shuttle response is measured capacitively and the magnitude is used to estimate ambient pressure. Combined with heating element resistance, these measurements, in principle, enable the simultaneous determination of gas composition if the constituents are known. Numerical simulations using direct simulation Monte Carlo are carried out to elucidate the mechanisms of force production. Results reveal highly vortical flow structures forming high pressure regions at the shuttle surface. The experimental and numerical results are expressed in terms of a non-dimensional Knudsen force coefficient, allowing force magnitude to be estimated for dynamically similar geometries. [2016-0228]


The invention relates to a method for the manufacture of ceramic components, wherein the green compact is made by a stereo lithography process of a suspension of ceramic particles. For this purpose, these suspension means of a radiation curable binder to which is cured locally, for example, with a laser. Subsequently, the green compact to a heat treatment is subjected to remove the binder from the green compact. According to the invention it is provided that the suspension is substantially free of solvent and the required processing by means of stereolithography low viscosity is influenced by a variation of the concentration of a dispersant for the ceramic particles. In this way, thermally stressed components made of ceramics can be produced which also exhibit high temperature resistance due to their high density. As the ceramic component can be produced in a mold (11) having a core (13), for example.


Chitosan and chitosan derivatives are biomaterials of great scientific interest for biomedical applications although some of the properties are limited as their solubility in the aqueous medium. N-heterocyclic compounds are of interest for chitosan alkylation and new derivatives can be obtained by modification of his structure resulting thus new structures of biomedical interest Chitosan samples from two sources were analysed, in which the dissociation is favoured in the aqueous medium by the presence of a bipyridine salt, N,N'-bis(phenacyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium dibromide. The synthesis of chitosan' derivate was conducted in aqueous medium at 60 °C, by magnetic stirring for 24 hours. The dissociation is better and reduced the pH, to values lower than pH 6, which suggests the achievement of favourable structural arrangements between chitosan and dibromide bipyridinium. The FTIR spectra parameters indicate the presence of characteristic bands of the bipyridinium salt in the chitosan derivates structures, with structural differences in their composition.


OMRON SYSMAC C1000H type PLC is used to replace original relay interlock system for PKM gasifier.The refurbishment is introduced in the paper.


We study plasmon-related excitations in InN by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The surface sensitivity of Raman scattering is found to be strongly enhanced for backscattering from cleaved edges of thick films. This fact enables us to observe the electron accumulation layer at the surface of InN and to deduce the associated volume charge density.


Considering that most sedimentary and metamorphic rocks display some degree of anisotropy in failure strength, the conventional isotropic failure criteria including the Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) and the Hoek-Brown have their limitations in characterizing the strength of these anisotropic rocks. An improved understanding of the orientation dependency of strength in anisotropic rocks can be achieved if a systematic way of establishing a condition at failure in anisotropic rock is provided. In this research, a general procedure to extend the M-C failure criterion to its anisotropic version is presented in which the friction angle and cohesion are not constant but defined as functions of the relative orientation of physical plane to the principal material triad. In the formulation of the anisotropic failure condition, the directional variation of the strength parameters is described by incorporating a traceless symmetric second-rank fabric tensor that defines the orientation bias in their spatial distribution. Subsequently, the critical plane approach is employed to implement the formulated transversely isotropic M-C failure function in the numerical polyaxial tests on the transversely isotropic rock samples, whereby the polyaxial stress at failure and the corresponding direction of the failure plane are specified by maximizing the failure function with respect to the orientation. A series of numerical polyaxial tests is conducted to investigate how the orientation of weak planes affects the failure behavior of transversely isotropic rocks. The simulation result strongly suggests that the microstructures embedded in the samples and their attitude with respect to the loading direction have much influence on the variation of the polyaxial strength and the orientation of the corresponding failure plane.


Light-ion-impact ionizations were investigated for the atomic K-shell on target elements with Z = 27 - 29 for incident protons, deuterons, 3He- and 4He- ions. X-ray production cross sections u, were measured as a function of incident energies 0.7-1.5 MeV/amu in steps of 0.1 MeV/amu. Systematic behavior of excitation functions and cross section ratios σx(l)/σx (2) measured with two types of projectiles of Z = 1 - 2 ions at same MeV/amu were examined. Two theoretical calculations of the first Born approximation (PWBA+OBKN) and the ECPSSR theories were performed. The results obtained from the experimental data and the theoretical calculations are compared and discussed.


Global challenges for urban development determine the need to develop new approaches to urban environment design aimed on smart and sustainable cities. City streets become centre of human life and places where many public functions are concentrated. Thats why nowadays the issue of street function relates non only to its transportation use, but also to the development of public interaction and a new progressive approach to the social-oriented design of the urban environment with the involvement of the population is becoming a great demand. The article offers a social-oriented approach to the functional zoning of public spaces along city streets to create comfortable and safe environments and to ensure the effective land use of the linear street space resource. The approach is based on the concept of demand and supply relative to territorial assessment of various public functions. It is proposed a model of functional planning of the territory and social space depending on the users needs. The proposed approach to urban development was tested for example in Moscow streets.


According to the weak signal examination for PCR by PMT,a control system for electrophoresis on microfluidic chip was designed and realized.FPGA with plenty of control ports was chosen to be system MCU and the serial Controlled A/D and D/A chips were chosen to reduce the amount of control ports.Communication between PC and USB2.0 high-speed transfer interface chip were applied to meet the needs of control and uploading data 30 PCR chips can be controlled synchronously when the MCU was programmed in VerilogHDL,and in addition,Windows XP based driver and control software were compiled. Conclusively,the system parallelly control multiple chips to improve the detecting efficiency and can be used when examination for large quantity of chips was needed.


Effects of plasma non-uniformities and kinetic dispersiveness on the spontaneous excitation of geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) by reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode (RSAE) are investigated numerically. It is found that, due to the turning points induced by the shear Alfvén continuum structure, the nonlinear excitation of GAM is a quasiexponentially growing absolute instability. As the radial dependence of GAM frequency and pump RSAE mode structure are accounted for, the radially inward propagating GAM is preferentially excited, leading to core localized thermal plasma heating by GAM collisionless damping. Our work, thus, suggests that GAM excitation plays a crucial role in not only RSAE nonlinear saturation, but also anomalous fuel ion heating in future reactors.


Putative ALternative Splicing Database (PALS db) is a genome-wide database of putative alternativesplicing (AS) sites. We used the sequences from NCBI UniGene clusters and dbEST [2] to collectputative alternative splicing (AS) information. AS sites were found by comparing unique referencesequences of UniGene clusters with related sequences from the same UniGene cluster or sequences fromdbEST. By this way, we could get large number of AS sites information and supporting evidences.Comparing to other AS-related site databases that discovered AS sites by aligning EST sequencesto genomic sequence, we got information of more known genes. The PALS db contains human andmouse data in current release (version 2) using UniGene Human Build #138 and Human dbEST at2001/08/12 and UniGene Mouse Build #93 and Mouse dbEST at 2001/08/12. About half of humangenes (49.5%) contain AS site pairs in PALS db. Thirty-one percent mouse genes contain putative ASsites (5219 of 16615).BiologistscouldsearchtheirinterestingAS siteswithwebqueryinterface[3](http://palsdb.ym.edu.tw/)to solve biological problems or find out biological phenomena. Our query forms were designed to acceptquery by keywords and number of AS sites respectively. The result pages provide most informationof supporting sequences and hyperlinks to many useful online biomedical databases, such as OMIM,dbSNP, SAGE, GeneCards,


Enterprise Information Systems (EISs) maintain corporation data with the respect to business processes. These business processes constraint operations by preconditions and post-conditions. Unfortunately, contemporary approaches fail to effectively express and reuse these conditions and tend towards high restatements throughout the entire system. Alternative Aspect-Driven Design Approach (ADDA) focuses on advanced system decomposition and encapsulation. Its automated transformation simplifies information distribution into various parts of the system. This paper elaborates the transformation of the above-mentioned conditions into distributed context-aware user interfaces. This results with significant reductions to the error-prone process, and leveraged development and maintenance efforts.


The objective of this work was to examine the feasibility of three‐dimensional (3D) and whole heart coverage 23Na cardiac MRI at 7.0 T including single‐cardiac‐phase and cinematic (cine) regimes.


The behavior of lignin during alkali-methanol cooking has been studied using the lignin model compounds, vanillylalcohol and veratrylalcohol. The amounts of functional groups and molecular weight distributions of isolated alkali-methanol and soda lignins have been measured.Vanillylalcohol was methylated to vanillylmethylether by treating with alkali-methanol, while vanillylalcohol gave the condensation products with soda cooking liquor. These facts indicate that the mehylation of vanillylalcohol prevents the condensation of it. Vaeratrylmethylether was only slightly produced from veratrylalcohol by alkali-methanol treatment.Comparing the functional groups of both isolated lignins, there are higher amounts of methoxyl groups in alkali-methanol lignin and of phenolic hydroxyl groups in soda lignin. Gel filtration curves of both isolated lignins have revealed that there are less high molecular weight fractions in alkali-methanol lignin than in soda lignin under the same cooking conditions.Summarizing the results mentioned above, it can be concluded that the rapid delignification during alkali-methanol cooking is due to the prevention of condensation through the methylation of active benzylalcohol groups in lignin molecule.


Larix gmelinii sawn lumber was chosen to be dried in the study, during which the specimens were divided into six piles by two kinds of sticker of different thickness, Keep the convection conditions remain unchanged, through the high frequency heat to maintain core surface temperature difference, adjust the high-frequency time to achieve temperature difference requirements. meanwhile, the variation of drying rate, energy consumption and drying quality with stickers of 15 and 20 mm were investigated. It is resulted that the drying rate of piles with 15 mm stickers was lower above FSP (fiber saturation point), but began to converge at around FSP, and at the end of the drying process, the drying rate of piles with 15 mm thickness stickers was higher, moreover, the energy consumption and drying quality of them were better than those with 20 mm thickness stickers.


This paper proposed a composite substrate with $200nm$ graphene layer deposited on the base plate of a commercially available IGBT Infineon BSM75GB60DLC model. The proposed solution shows its superiority in reducing the hot spots temperature; specifically the bondwires, which are the most causes to the IGBT defects and system failures. Different thicknesses of graphene layers were considered, $10nm,\ 200nm$ and $500nm$. The $200nm$ was found to be the optimal thickness to reduce the temperatures by a factor of $28.45\%$ or $48.23^{\circ}C$ compared to the original design without nano graphene layer. Sapphire substrate was found to provide less lattice mismatch compared to the original $Al_{2}O_{3}$ substrate and therefore provided better thermal response. The study included heat sink design based on the specified maximum thermal limits in the device datasheet. $54cm^{3}$ heat sink volume size is required to operate the device within its safe operating limits. The heat sink size for the proposed IGBT with the $200nm$ graphene layer was found to be $27cm^{3}$, which represents 50% size reduction. The finite element analysis results showed the validity of the proposed solution for future high-power devices.


Authors' Affi liations: 1 Myeloid Malignancies Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, and 2The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland. Corresponding Author: Christopher S. Hourigan, Myeloid Malignancies Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Room 6C-103C, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1583. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-13-0832 ©2013 American Association for Cancer Research. Summary: Patient-specifi c ex vivo drug sensitivity and resistance screening can identify rational drug candidates for the testing of personalized targeted therapy. An iterative approach of genomic and drug susceptibility characterization at sequential time points during clinical trials of targeted therapy in acute myeloid leukemia may be useful both for characterizing mechanisms of resistance and clonal evolution and also for identifi cation of novel therapeutic targets and drug combinations. Cancer Discov; 3(12); 1336–8. ©2013 AACR.


The development situation,restriction factors,superiority and productive potentials of potato industry were analyzed by statistical analysis method to speed up the development of potato industry in Tongren Prefecture.As well,thoughts about potato industry development and comprehensive countermeasures were proposed in this paper.


Simple Summary The place of Next-Generation-Sequencing (NGS) targeted panel in routine practice in digestive oncology should be addressed. The aim of our retrospective study was to assess the results and impact of NGS panel for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. In total, 210 patients with mCRC were included. Based on our findings, a major advantage of the NGS panel over single gene techniques is that, beyond the classical hotspots, it allows for an exhaustive search for molecular abnormalities in routinely recommended genes. In addition, routine NGS is a way to detect amplifications associated with resistance to anti-EGFR therapies and low-prevalence mutations in actionable genes, providing patients with the opportunity to access innovative targeted therapies. In conclusion, NGS targeted panel in mCRC is feasible in routine practice. Nevertheless, panels need to be regularly updated and in-depth studies are needed to better analyse the prognostic factors. Abstract In digestive oncology, the clinical impact of targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) in routine practice should be addressed. In this work, we studied the impact of a 22-gene NGS amplicon-based panel with Ion Torrent Proton Sequencing, prospectively performed in routine practice. We analyzed the results of extended molecular testing, beyond RAS and BRAF, in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients in a single-center, retrospective, observational study of consecutive mCRC patients followed up at the Georges Pompidou European Hospital between January 2016 and December 2018. Overall, 210 patients with mCRC were included. Median follow-up was 25.4 months (IQR: 14.9–39.5). The three most frequently mutated genes were: TP53 (63%), KRAS (41%) and PIK3CA (19%). A positive association was found between overall survival and performance status (PS) ≥ 2 (HR: 4.91 (1.84–13.1); p = 0.001) and differentiation (HR: 4.70 (1.51–14.6); p = 0.007) in multivariate analysis. The NGS panel enabled five patients to access a targeted therapy not currently registered for CRC. In conclusion, targeted NGS panels in mCRC are feasible in routine practice, but need to be regularly updated and in-depth studies are needed to better analyze the prognostic factors.


A novel heterocyclic scaffold with a peptidomimetic backbone structure has been synthesized. The scaffold is formed by insertion of primary amines into a cyclic sulfone to give the corresponding ring-expanded sulfonamides. By varying the amine component, a series of potentially biologically interesting compounds has been synthesized.


Inspirational as well as practical, this compact guide provides an instant reference to digital color for all those itinerant photographers who insist on traveling light.


Objective:To examine the influence of the HBV virus load on co-stimulatory effect of rhIL-12 on Th1/Th2-type cytokines production of PBMC in chronic hepatitis B virus infection patients. Methods: PBMC of 50 chronic hepatitis B virus infection patients were stimulated with PHA(100 U/ml),XHBcAg(1 ug/ml),HBeAg(1 ug/ml) in the presence or obsence of IL-12(10ng/m1).IL-2,JFN-y,LL-4,IL-10 production were determined by EUSA after 48 hours. HBVDNA in serum were determined by fluorecence quantity PCR(FQ-PCR) . The patients were divided into 4 groups(HBVDNA 103 copies/ml, 103 - 105 copies/ml, 105 - 107 copies/ml, 107 copies/ml). Results: After stimulation with IL-12 and HBcAg/HBeAg or PHA ,co-stimulatory effect on IFN-y production were decreased while level of HBVDNA in serum was high. Co-stimulatory effect on IFN-y production almost was not observed in HBVDNA 107 copies/mi group. Conclusion: The presence of high amount of HBVDNA in serum is associated with suppressed co-stimulatory and regulatory effect of IL-12 to Th1/Th2 profilation


This thesis explores connections between spirituality, diet and system-wide Sustainability Transitions. The pivotal role of food in greenhouse gas emissions is widely acknowledged across disciplines, yet it is under-researched by Sustainability Transitions scholars. Likewise, while sustainable diets comprising of less meat are often associated with spiritual and ethical beliefs, the transitional agency of worldviews has not been conceptualised in the Sustainability Transitions literature. To address this gap, eco-spiritual practices are investigated to understand how vegetarianism is maintained in spiritual communities. Enabling and disabling factors are analysed for potentials of diffusion into broader levels of society.
I present findings of qualitative research and fieldwork, which included participant observation and in-depth interviewing in Hare Krishna communities in Europe. Three eco-farms were selected to represent different features of spirituality and ecological commitment. Data collection and analysis were guided by Social Practice Theory which enables close-up scrutinising of eco-spiritual practices.
Findings reveal a firm durability of food practices, which contributes to the longevity of Hare Krishna eco-farms. Motivated by their distinct worldview, believers advocate simplification over technological improvements to serve ecological sustainability. Extensive outreach via eco-tourism and food sharing programmes demonstrate a working alternative to development and lifestyles supported by an economics based on unlimited growth. While these attract visitors in high numbers, adherence to religious culture in the form of dress, gender roles and language use may slow the diffusion process into wider society. Lock-in mechanisms in the outside world also work against the up-scaling of less-meat dietary practices, making the work of vegetarian advocacy less effective.
By exploring and analysing Krishna practices, this thesis makes two key contributions. First: the conception of agency for change in Sustainability Transitions frameworks is extended by the inclusion of spirituality, worldviews, and their corresponding lifestyle practices. Second: Hare Krishna communities are shown to illustrate a 'new economics' which posits demand-side simplifications as a precondition for systemic change.


Abstract This article reports the responses of small groups of secondary pupils, from Y7‐Y10, to questions about aspects of citizenship education. The pupils were interviewed in early 2002 as part of wider research into their schools' preparation for the introduction of compulsory citizenship education in September 2002. The interviews were conducted to assess the pupils' interest in, knowledge of and enthusiasm for the three elements of the citizenship curriculum‐‐social and moral responsibility, community involvement and political literacy‐‐as well as to evaluate their involvement in the life of their school and the wider community. The pupils, from three urban comprehensive schools in a large town in the south of England, showed ignorance of and little interest in national politics and a lack of involvement in the local community. They were aware of some of their school councils' achievements and powers, knew how the councils operated, and thought them moderately useful. Most did not anticipate that citizenship education would interest them, though they could see benefits in its inclusion in the curriculum. The one group of pupils already preparing for Citizenship Studies GCSE was, however, more enthusiastic about the subject than those who had yet to experience it.


Computer games and higher education are like species that share an ancestor but have diverged wildly in their evolution. The earliest computer games were part of academic computer science departments in the 1960s. One year after the first PDP-11 was delivered to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1961, the first computer game, Spacewar, had been written by a young graduate student named Steve Russell. The game was, in fact, a way of learning to use the computational behemoth, Russell recalls:


A 29-year-old woman with a stenosed prosthetic Hancock valve implanted in the tricuspid position underwent successful dilatation of the prosthesis by percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty using an Inoue balloon specifically modified for this valve.


Asukamycin, a member of the manumycin family of antibiotics, obtained from Streptomyces nodosus subsp. asukaensis, contains two amide-linked polyketide chains, one of which, the "upper" chain, is initiated by cyclohexanecarboxylic acid as the starter unit. Analysis of the congeners of asukamycin present in the fermentation and of the fatty acid spectrum of the mycelial lipids revealed that the "upper" chain polyketide synthase (PKS) and the branched-chain fatty acid synthase (FAS) of S. nodosus ssp. asukaensis share qualitatively, although not quantitatively, the same starter unit selectivity for branched chain and alicyclic carboxylic acids. Feeding of various alicyclic carboxylic acids of different ring size resulted in the formation of new asukamycin analogs as well as changes in the fatty acid spectrum. Feeding of various alicyclic carboxylic acids also shut off the endogenous production of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid.


The mechanism of interaction between bovine serum albumin(BSA) and S-ornidazole(S-ONZ) as well as R-ornidazole (R-ONZ) were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy.The fluorescence of BSA was quenched in the presence of S-ONZ(or R-ONZ).Based on the Stern-Volmer equation,the quenching constants(KSV) were obtained.The association constants (KA) and the number of binding sites (n) were also obtained by fluorescence quenching method.The thermodynamic parameters,enthalpy change(ΔH),entropy change (ΔS),and free energy change (ΔG) were calculated and used to evaluate the mainly binding type of BSA with ornidazole enantiomers.The effects of pH and isopropanol on the drug-BSA system were examined.This method is simple and rapid.The results of this study are useful for clarifying the different curative effect of two enantiomers.


We present a case of a 65-year-old female patient, diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head with liver metastasis. She underwent ERCP for biliary drainage using an uncovered self-expandable metal stent (SEMS; 6 cm × 10 mm, WallFlexTM Biliary RX Uncovered, Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA), followed by palliative chemotherapy. Eighteen months after the first procedure the patient presented to the emergency department where she was diagnosed with cholangitis and was admitted with IV antibiotics. A second ERCP was scheduled where the sphincterotome was easily introduced within the biliary metal stent but due to tumor ingrowth and overgrowth the guidewire (0.035 in × 450 cm, JagwireTM, Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA) could not transverse the stenosis, despite multiple attempts, and there was no contrast passage through stent's proximal end (Fig. 1).


Ten years of collections of Coleoptera in Moia (Barcelona). Results on ten years collecting Coleoptera in «Hort de Cal Mato» locality at 2 km from Moia (Bages, Barcelona province). The total number of species is 185, mainly Caraboidea. Staphylinidae have not yet been studied. The most interesting collected species is Aetophorus imperialis (Germar) which
was only known from three localities in the lberian Peninsula until now.


This paper presents a tool for dynamic simulation of radio resources in UMTS FDD. The developed tool provides an integrated environment for users scenario definition, environment edition, base stations planning, simulation and analysis. This tool can also be used to evaluate the impact of new services, different system settings or new subscriber profiles, in the system's global performance. For implementing the different mechanisms of WCDMA radio technology, the simulation tool kernel was supported by a systemlevel, dynamic, stochastic and event driven simulation model. Both uplink and downlink directions are considered, including soft handover connections. The final results confirm the developed tool validity and its good functionality in relation to simulation scenario definition, simulation and analysis phases.


A process for preparing 1,2-pentanediol includes such steps as adding formic acid and H2O2 to reactor at low temp, dripping n-pentylene in it, hydrolyzing reacting at a certain temp for a certain time in alkaline condition to obtain coarse 1,2-pentanediol, extracting in organic solvent, distilling for recovering solvent, and rectifying to obtain high-purity (99%) 1,2-pentanediol and sodium formate as by-product.


The ability to recognize letters is the first step for children to be able to read, the ability to recognize letters well then the child tends to have the ability to read well too. This research is a classroom action research, with the object of Group B TK Dharma Wanita Persatuan Plaosan totaling 12 children. The writing of this study aims to determine the ability to recognize letters and the results of their improvement. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of observation, interviews and documentation. This research was conducted in 3 cycles, namely pre-cycle, cycle I and cycle II. Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can be seen that with animation media, the ability to recognize letters in children can be improved well with a significant increase in each cycle. The percentage value obtained in the first cycle reached a percentage of 56.5% but had not reached the success target, therefore it was carried out again in the second cycle which achieved a success percentage of 82.2%. Thus, it can be concluded that there is an increase in the ability to recognize letters through animation media in Dharma Wanita Persatuan Plaosan Kindergarten with a percentage reaching 82.2%.


A current source converter array designed for superconducting magnetic energy storage system was investigated. This array is controlled by modulation-signal phase-shifting SPWM method. The DC side current of each converter module of the converter array can balance automatically at the unity power factor, but unbalanced seriously with the decrease of input power factor. In addition, the DC side current unbalancing causes higher distortion of AC input current. Swapping of the gating signal of each converter module in same row is introduced to average the DC side currents. The harmonics of the AC currents is reduced while the DC side currents are balanced. 2/spl times/2 array and 2/spl times/4 array are studied in the experiments.


This paper presents design and implementation of real-time dynamic data collection and transmission system based on Internet/Intranet.By using ARM S3C4510B,embedded LINUX and reasonable task-assigned strategy,the double system demand for real-time and data transmission speed of network are guaranteed.Several key technical problems including Internet/Intranet and HPI used in industrial tests and diagnosis are discussed.This technology is well used in network tests and diagnosis of machine tool.Feasible design is applied in the area of dynamic data collection and transmission based on Internet/Intranet and develop the application area of ARM and the embedded OS of uClinux in this paper.


We prove an existence theorem for a steady planar flow of an ideal fluid past an obstacle, containing a bounded symmetric vortex pair and approaching a uniform flow at infinity. The vorticity is a rearrangement of a prescribed function. The stream function ψ for the flow satisfies the equation −Δψ=ϕ∘ψ in a region bounded by the line of symmetry, where ϕ is an increasing function that is unknown a priori. The result is obtained from a variational principle in which a functional related to the kinetic energy is maximised over all flows whose vorticity fields are rearrangements of a prescribed function.


Various mission andtrajectory designs havebeen proposed toachieve thefirst human mission toMars. NASA'scurrent study forsending humanstoMarsisknown astheDesign Reference Mission (DRM).Itselected thelong- staymission profile. Inthispaper,according totheDRM scenario, we investigated the optimalrendezvous opportunity formannedMarstrip. Athere, threetransfer strategies weretakenintoaccount. Firstly, we usethe contour map andoptimal algorithm tosearch theoptimal opportunities withtwo-impulse andemployed thepatched- conic methodtoanalyze andpropagate trajectories. Then, Gravity assist technique isusedtosearch thelowenergy trajectory. Finally, we alsomakeuseoftheAerogravity assist technique, whichisthenovelconceptin the interplanetary exploration missions, toanalyze andsearch thepossible rendezvous opportunities.


Targeted alpha therapy with 223 RaCl 2 is BaSO 4 (100 mg/mouse) was orally administered 1 h before 223 RaCl 2 injection. We also investigated the effect of laxative treatment on BaSO 4 activity, since laxatives are clinically used with BaSO 4 to avoid impaction in the large intestine. The results shows BaSO 4 significantly reduced 223 Ra retention in the large intestine after 223 RaCl 2 injection in mice when compared with the control without BaSO 4 administration ( P < 0.05). Excretion of 223 Ra into the feces was significantly increased by BaSO 4 administration ( P < 0.05). Laxative treatment did not affect BaSO 4 activity in reducing 223 Ra retention, although no additional effect of laxative treatment to 223 Ra excretion was observed in mice. BaSO 4 administration was effective in reducing 223 Ra retention in the large intestine during 223 RaCl 2 therapy, and laxative treatment did not attenuate BaSO 4 activity. This method could be useful in reducing adverse events caused by radiation exposure to the large intestine during 223 RaCl 2 therapy.


The invention relates to measuring the signal delay t between a UWB transmitter and a FSCW receiver. According to the method, which is performed in a plurality of partial steps k, wherein k=1, 2, 3,..., a pulsed transmission signal Str is generated and transmitted by the transmitter, wherein the transmission signal Str comprises a broadband spectrum SPEKtr having a plurality of lines w, the transmitted signal Str is received by the receiver, wherein the received signal Srx comprises a broadband spectrum SPEKrx having a plurality of lines m, a frequency range B(k) having a narrower bandwidth HLPR and having a lesser number of lines m' is selected from the broadband spectrum SPEKrx of the received signal Srx, wherein a different narrower frequency range B(k) is selected in each partial step k, the channel impulse response hm' is determined using the selected frequency range B(k), and the delay [tau] is determined from the channel impulse response in a fourth step.


A simple and inexpensive small-angle light scattering (SALS) instrument for soft condensed matter studies has been developed; the instrument has the advantage of simplicity of equipment, rapid detection and presentation of the entire small-angle pattern for investigation. A wide scattering vector range is achieved using a CCD detector; despite the lowbudget components utilized the instrument characteristics have enabled us to obtain high-quality light scattering data from soft matter systems. The setup is especially well suited to studies of systems with a weak scattering power and/or a timedependent structure evolution in a wide spatial range with sub-micrometer resolution. The technique enabled to measure the size, anisotropy, radial periodicity and internal structure of polymer spherulites at a resolution below that achieved by optical microscopy. Applications of this instrument to investigate the microstructure and spatial correlations in semicrystalline polymers using the Debye-Bueche theory, and in thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers are also reported. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the technique is also suitable to study the evolution of microstructure with applied uniaxial tensile strain in thin polymer films.


Received September 5, 2011 Revised October 10, 2011 Accepted November 29, 2011 Address for correspondence Soo-Keun Kong, MD Department of OtorhinolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Pusan National University School of Medicine, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 602-739, Korea Tel +82-51-240-7536 Fax +82-51-246-8668 E-mail firstname.lastname@example.com Glomus tumors, also called paragangliomas, originate from nonchromaffin cells. They are slow-growing benign lesions and represent the most common primary neoplasm of the middle ear. It is worth mentioning that the most common symptoms are pulsating tinnitus and hearing loss. Imaging studies (CT and MRI) are necessary for diagnosis. Although most of cases are limited to the middle ear, this article reports a glomus tumor presented with a polypoid mass in the external auditory canal. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2012;55:114-7 Key WordsZZGlomus tumor ᆞEar canal.


The objectives to be desired in this study are to analyze and assess control to pollution and environmental damage through management of permits in Bogor Regency, and explain administrative claims for business licenses and/or activities that have already been revoked, if the business already has a business license and/or activity is not in accordance with Article 121 of the Environmental Protection and Management Law. One of the instruments in an effort to prevent pollution and environmental destruction is environmental permits, as stipulated in Article 1 point 35 of Law No. 32 of 2009 which is then regulated in Government Regulation No. 27 of 2012 concerning Environmental Permits. In this provision there are two types of permits, namely environmental permits. The research method used is an empirical normative juridical research method with the consideration that the starting point of the research is analysis of legislation governing licensing. The results of this study illustrate that environmental permits are one of the instruments in efforts to prevent pollution or damage to the environment, to realize the goals of environmental protection and management, especially in the use of the environment associated with environmental permits. Implementation and enforcement of permits will affect the pollution and damage to the existing environment. Therefore local governments are required to enforce environmental law in implementing policies or licensing related to the environment, even if various efforts need to be made, including revocation of licenses and use of criminal channels for those who do not heed destruction and pollution.


The study aimed at investigating eventual deviations from typical recommendations of irrigation water application to crops in Cyprus given the undeniable changes in recent weather conditions. It focused on the seasonal or monthly changes in crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and net irrigation requirements (NIR) of a number of permanent and annual crops over two consecutive overlapping periods (1976–2000 and 1990–2014). While the differences in the seasonal ETc and NIR estimates were not statistically significant between the studied periods, differences were identified via a month-by-month comparison. In March, the water demands of crops appeared to be significantly greater during the recent past in relation to 1976–2000, while for NIR, March showed statistically significant increases and September showed significant decreases. Consequently, the adjustment of irrigation schedules to climate change by farmers should not rely on annual trends as an eventual mismatch of monthly crop water needs with irrigation water supply might affect the critical growth stages of crops with a disproportionately greater negative impact on yields and quality. The clear increase in irrigation needs in March coincides with the most sensitive growth stage of irrigated potato crops in Cyprus. Therefore, the results may serve as a useful tool for current and future adaptation measures.


Elaborating on a previous article ('The Historical Background of the Police Power') this piece digs deeper into the historical background of one of the most misunderstood concepts of constitutional law: the police power. It takes us into the history of the term (and the concept) 'police'. Section I shows how the idea of police was shaped in the eighteenth century by several enlightened authors. It also keeps an eye open to the development of police (polizei) in Germany. Section II explains how in the United States there was as it were a tour from the police to the police power. It also examines the case law of the United States Supreme Court. Section III advances and defends the idea that the police power is present too in international law, sometimes under different names. It pays special attention to international investment law. The main conclusion is that police regulations feature both at the domestic and the international level, and that both levels have the same roots in eighteenth century concepts.


In this century most of the ESL learners can be considered as digital natives due to the excessive urge and availability of technology. There are hardly any learners who aren't exposed to any means of social network in their personal life. In use, Facebook is seen to outbalance the rest of the social networks due to its convenience and easy going approach. However, little is known about how Facebook assists learners and teachers to approach for teaching and learning ESL writing though it is found that this form of social media helps learners to socialize in their personal and academic life. Hence, this paper describes the impact and challenges of including Facebook as a formal environment in facilitating this productive skill. Results of this study indicate that using Facebook for the said purpose has had a positive impact on students' writing practices though some challenges and suggestions for future implementation were reported.


Objectives: To analyze the characteristics of the patients attended in a hospital emergency department referred from Primary Care. Patients and methods: Cros...


Abstract : The result of this study is a computer program which can calculate the trajectory of a droplet or particle in three dimensions in a three dimensional flow field. Droplets are injected into a computer predicted flow field in a gas turbine combustor can with initial conditions corresponding to the point of sheet break up of fuel leaving the atomizer being modeled. The fundamental equations of motion are solved numerically for each droplet size in a statistical distribution representing the whole spray. The angular position of the point of injection is also varied. (Author)


Restated, the main purpose for the preceding exchange was to provide a giveand-take forum for the on-going debate concerning difference scores. Primary issues of disagreement have been identified, certain open issues clarified, and recommendations for future research highlighted. Clearly, there can be no serious question that difference scores are an integral aspect of management research, but that their use is replete with conceptual and methodological considerations. It is evident from the present forum that researchers need to exercise caution prior to committing to a particular technique, whether it be a difference score measure or response surface. This is an especially important concern, because discrepancy constructs (e.g., similarity, congruence, fit) have been and most likely will continue to play a central role management research. By articulating some of the basic philosophical and statistical assumptions underlying their divergent perspectives, our panelists have revealed both the advantages and disadvantages of alternative difference score representations. From our perspective, three unresolved general issues are at the root of the panelists' disagreement. First, are difference scores conceptually distinct from their components? If researchers work from the Tisak and Smith assumption that difference scores are, indeed, conceptually distinct, then additional construct validity evidence should be examined. After all, if difference scores have a meaning that is distinguishable from their individual components, then they must establish their own nomological net. Second, are intermediate submodels appropriate? Edwards maintains that his approach incorporates the submodels proposed by Tisak and Smith. The latter authors, however, argue that a "fairer" test of difference scores would be to first compare these intermediate models against more complex response surfaces. Space limitations preclude the possibility of empirically testing these various alternatives in the present forum. Moreover, it is unlikely that one test would yield generalizable conclusions. Third, do present theories fit the higher-order response surfaces recommended by Edwards? If not, then rejecting basic difference-score models in favor of more complex response surfaces may be letting the empirical tail wag the theoretical dog. This, however, places future researchers in the unusual


jurisdiction is not broadly compulsory but must be established in each case. That fundamental fact has given rise to the construction of a jurisdictional regime of a complexity and subtlety that may be unmatched by any court of any time. Volume III is an exhaustive analysis of the procedure of the Court. For any counsel of a state considering resort to the Court, that analysis and that on the Court's jurisdiction certainly comprise the first—and perhaps the last—port of call. Volume IV records the periodic composition of the PCIJ and ICJ and republishes the texts of the United Nations Charter, the ICJ Statute, the 1978–2015 version of the Rules of Court, and the Court's Practice Directions. Hugh Thirlway's single-volume summary and analysis of the role, work, and record of the Court is designedly not meant to compete with Rosenne's masterpiece, nor with other highly valued massive works. It rather is a lucid, penetrating survey of the composition, functioning, and attainments of the Court, written by the Court's former, long-serving principal legal secretary. Thirlway served the Court with exceptional distinction. The stamp of his acute analysis and felicitous style is found in a multiplicity of the Court's judgments and advisory opinions. His book is one of his several significant contributions to the literature of the Court. He concludes by commenting briefly on recent published criticism of the workings of the Court. While he acknowledges the force of some of that criticism, his broad assessment is that the Court has made significant contributions to the adjudication of international disputes and the development of international law, an evaluation with which this reviewer agrees. As long ago as 1934, Dr. H. Lauterpacht, in his seminal Development of International Law by the Permanent Court of International Justice, demonstrated the importance of the Court's contributions to the development of international law. The Court's sound and successful disposition of a number of international boundary disputes, such as the vast territorial dispute between Chad and Libya, illustrates its many achievements in matters of land and maritime boundaries, a large proportion of its docket. However, its contributions have not been confined to boundary disputes. Recent decades mark a high tide in international adjudication and arbitration, the highest in human history. For the past twenty-five years, the International Court of Justice has attained a relatively high level of achievement. Investor/state arbitration, which flourishes, latterly has sustained unjustified criticism, and maintenance of its attainments is not assured in either institutional settings such as that of NAFTA or through bilateral investment treaties. The European Union, itself an international organization of great attainments, has presumed to declare investor/state arbitration "dead," an evaluation which does it no credit. International adjudication, most notably by the Court, has also suffered its reverses ranging from the defeat of efforts to enable adherence of the United States to the PCIJ Statute in the 1930s to the decline of the Optional Clause thereafter. The outlook for international adjudication is mixed, but the record and potential of the World Court is predominantly positive.


Before joining IAVI, Gupta was an executive director with Merck Vaccines, working on the development of innovative partnership models to address issues related to vaccine science and technology. In this role, she worked with stakeholders to accelerate Ebola vaccine development during the 2014-16 epidemic in West Africa. Previously, Gupta was in the department of epidemiology at Merck Research Laboratories, where she designed and led international prospective cohort studies of vaccine and infectious disease products in development. She also worked in HIV surveillance at the Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre in the U.K., and in the New York City Department of Health Bureau of Tuberculosis Control.


Recent research indicates that interpersonal communication is noisy, and that people exhibit considerable insensitivity to problems in communication. Using a dyadic referential communication task, the goal of which is accurate information transfer, the present study examined the extent to which interlocutors are sensitive problems in communication and use other-initiated repairs (OIRs) to address them. Participants were randomly assigned to dyads (N = 88 participants, or 44 dyads) and attempted to communicate a series of recurring abstract geometric shapes to a partner across a text-chat interface. Participants alternated directing (describing shapes) and matching (interpreting shape descriptions) roles across seventy-two trials of the task. Replicating prior research, over repeated social interactions communication success improved and the shape descriptions became increasingly efficient (indexed by the number of words used to communicate each shape). In addition, confidence in having successfully communicated the different shapes increased over trials. Importantly, matchers were less confident on trials in which communication was unsuccessful, communication success was lower on trials that contained an OIR compared to those that did not contain an OIR, and OIR trials were associated with lower Director confidence. This pattern of results demonstrates that: 1) interlocutors exhibit (a degree of) sensitivity to problems in communication, 2) appropriately use OIRs to address problems in communication, and 3) OIRs signal problems in communication to their partner.


Objective(s): First-principles calculations have been carried out to investigate the interaction of aspirin molecule with nitrogen-doped TiO2 anatase nanoparticles using the density functional theory method in order to fully exploit the biosensing capabilities of TiO2 particles. Methods: For this purpose, we have mainly studied the adsorption of the aspirin molecule on the fivefold coordinated titanium atom site of the TiO2 nanoparticles because of the more reactivity of this site in comparison with the other sits. The complex systems consisting of the aspirin molecule positioned toward the undoped and nitrogen-doped nanoparticles have been relaxed geometrically. Results: The obtained results include structural parameters such as bond lengths and energetic of the systems. The electronic structure and its variations resulting from the adsorption process, including the density of states, molecular orbitals and the Mulliken charge transfer analysis have been discussed. We found that the adsorption of aspirin molecule on the nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanoparticles is energetically more favorable than the adsorption on the undoped ones. Conclusions: These results thus provide a theoretical basis and overall understanding on the interaction of TiO2 nanoparticles with aspirin molecule for applications in modeling of efficient nanomedicine carriers, biosensors and drug delivery purposes.


This study analyzed the information seeking behaviour of the teachers and students at College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In this study, data collected from 150 teachers and students by administering questionnaires on their information seeking and requirements of the College of Engineering, indicates that guidance in the use of library resources and services is necessary to help teachers and students to meet their information requirements. Found that journals, textbooks and electronic information sources are the most popular sources of information for the students' course work. Recommends that latest edition of textbooks and reference materials should add to the library collections. Suggests that the CD-ROM databases of journal archives and reference books should be added and users should be guided to use the resources of the library.


The main motivation for this work is that most Indians who are involved in accidents or have other injuries will ignore minor cracks. Some days later, there will be severe effects from these, like swelling, damaged tissues, etc. This will become a serious issue in day-to-day life. The two main reasons for the negligence are inadequate availability of scanning equipment and people cannot afford to pay high prices for scanning. As a result, there is a need of designing a low-cost hand-held scanner such that the scanners will be available in each and every clinic or small hospital. So that the injured persons can consult their nearest doctor and can have a scanning test right away. There are many types of scanning techniques available on the market, such as x-ray, CT scan, MRI, and so on, but the cost of these is very high. Also, there are some adverse effects to using these scanners. X-rays send the rays into the body so that there may be a chance of damaging the tissues. To overcome these problems, this study has proposed MEMS based electric sensor for Tomography methodology. The technique is based on Electronic Impedance, which has very negligible damage to the tissues and can also be used as a user-friendly scanner.


This article addresses adaptive fuzzy event-triggered controller design for nonstrict nonlinear systems. First, for estimating the unmeasurable states, the high-gain fuzzy state observer is designed. By using backstepping technique, the adaptive fuzzy controller is designed. A new switching threshold event-triggered mechanism is given to decide when the controller needs to be updated and the Zeno behavior is avoided. Stability analysis shows that the tracking error can be arbitrarily small and all variables of the closed-loop system remain bounded. At last, the effectiveness of our control strategy is illustrated through simulation.


Breast cancer is the most common female cancer in the world, and is often spoken about at length. But how many women actually fully understand the jargon and terminology thrown around when it comes to understanding breast cancer?


Description For most of the Lauje' of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, birth spirits are of primary importance. The spirits inhabit a mother's birth fluids and placenta, nurturing fetuses in the womb and children after birth---or bringing sickness and death if rituals are neglected. Jennifer Nourse describes how Lauje' from both modernized coastal and isolated highland villages attribute to birth spirits competing meanings that hinge on an individual's gender, social class, and religion. At the beginning of her fieldwork, Nourse collaborated with two Lauje' men whose concepts of birth spirits as divided into good and bad, male and female, or local and foreign categories seemed to prevail in their respective villages. But after both men died, Nourse came to understand that some individuals, most often commoners or female spirit mediums, disagreed with these dualistic views of birth spirits, preferring to focus on the mystery and potency of the spirit world as a whole.


Vacuum suction pump means having a pump chamber and a plunger with a resilient lower lip, the lower limit height of the apparatus stroke position, which includes at least one projection portion on the surface of the pump chamber, the lower limit of the projecting portion extending the height of the sides, and to determine the lower and upper edges, between the two edges of at least one continuous slot extending.


The origin of landscape architecture in Split can be traced back to the time when medieval town grew up within the walls of Diokletian's palace and consequently changed its appearance over time. The town was fortificated first by the Venetians in the early 15th century, then again in the 16th century and finally, as the Candian war raised an awareness of the need for a new system of fortifications, the town got five new bastions linked with earth-filled ramparts built up in the second half of the 17th century. As their strategic importance diminished, many of these fortifications were demolished. In the early 19th century, many private or public parks were laid out on the sites of the former bastions and curtain walls...


A previously healthy 5-year old Chinese boy was admitted with fever and vomiting. There was no abdominal pain, diarrhoea, tea-coloured urine, history of recent travel, or known hepatitis contact. There were no signs of chronic liver disease and the liver was not enlarged. The rest of the physical examination, including examination of the eyes and central nervous system, was normal. Liver function tests on admission revealed only a mildly elevated serum alanine transaminase of 152 IU/L (normal range <58 IU/L). Other haematological and biochemical tests were normal: haemoglobin 12.1 g/dL, white blood cell count 7.2 × 10 9 /L, platelet count 480 × 10 9 /L, total protein 70 g/L, albumin 37 g/L (normal range 36–48 g/L), total bilirubin 10 μ mol/L (normal range <15 μ mol/L), alkaline phosphatase 250 IU/L (normal range 130–380 IU/L) and γ -glutamyltransferase 78 U/L (normal range <100 U/L). Coagulation study was normal with prothrombin time 10 s, international normalized ratio 0.97 (normal range 0.9–1.1) and activated partial thromboplastin time 33.3 s (normal range 26.2–40.1 s). Creatinine phosphokinase was 99 U/L (42–218) suggesting that the elevated ALT was not of muscle origin. The patient was managed with intravenous fluid rehydration and discharged 3 days later. However, on subsequent follow up, he continued to show elevated serum transaminases, despite being entirely asymptomatic. A viral hepatitis serology screen showed that hepatitis B surface antigen, immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody to hepatitis A virus, antibody to hepatitis B-core antigen immunoglobulin M, antibody to hepatitis C virus and Epstein-Barr virus viral capsid antigen antibody IgM were all negative. Shell vial culture for cytomegalovirus in urine was also negative. A screen for autoimmune hepatitis was negative for antimitochondria, antinuclear and antismooth muscle antibody. An abdominal ultrasound revealed fatty infiltration of the liver with no focal lesions. The biliary tree was not dilated and there were no enlarged lymph nodes. A metabolic work-up was subsequently carried out after the common causes of elevated liver enzymes were excluded. Serum α 1 -antitrypsin was 1.35 g/L (normal range 0.83–1.99 g/L). The α 1antitrypsin phenotype was not checked. Serum ferritin was 438 pmol/L (normal range 47–708 pmol/L). Both serum copper and caeruloplasmin were low at 3.9 μ mol/L (normal range 10.7–25.2 μ mol/L) and 0.02 g/L (normal range 0.21– 0.53 g/L), respectively. Twenty-four-hour urine copper output was elevated at 11.9 μ mol/day (normal range <1.0 μ mol/day). Gas chromatographic analysis of urinary organic acids showed no abnormal pattern. A percutaneous liver biopsy showed intact hepatic lobular architecture with minimal portal fibrosis, minimal portal lymphocytic infiltrate and scanty lobular lymphocytic infiltrate. Marked para-lobular macroand microvesicular fatty change was seen. Both orcein stain for copper-associated protein and rhodanine stain for copper were negative. The liver copper content was elevated at 947 μ g/g dry weight of liver (normal liver 19.0–50.8 μ g/g) confirming the diagnosis of Wilson's disease. The patient was then started on oral zinc acetate therapy at 25 mg twice daily (2.5 mg/kg/day), which he tolerated well. Serum transaminase levels returned to normal levels of 33 IU/L (normal range <58 IU/L) 3 months after the commencement of zinc therapy.


Threshold decision is an important function of nuclear instrument control system based on physical parameters threshold decision. Because the conventional decision methods lack correlation with time and conditions,by analyzing the existing methods,some optimized methods are adopted. Considering safety,those methods are improved in data processing algorithms,floating threshold with multiple values,association with specific working condition,etc. These measures improve the nuclear instrument control system in fault tolerance and fault diagnosis,especially,the shutdown number of nuclear power plant decreases.


Improvements to an industrial CMOS fabrication process though the use of PLAsma Doping (PLAD) are reported. PLAD was used for the fabrication of ultra shallow Lightly Doped Drain (LDD) (35 nm deep after annealing). It is found t�at PLAD allowed improved device characteristics because of better channel control due to a reduction of lateral diffusion. Improvement of drain current (lon=290 JiA/Jim for Vg=Vd=-l.5V) in O.15-Jim pMOSFETs fabricated using PLAD is demonstrated (with a 3.5 nm gate oxide). Finally, it is schown that gate oxide reliability is not degraded through the use of PLAD


ABSTRACT A thorough topological investigation is used to study the possible isomers of (SO3)(H2XY) complexes, for X=C, Si and Y=O, S. From the topological properties of the isolated monomers, up to five types of isomers can be considered, depending on the nature of the X and Y atoms. After geometry optimisations, three isomers belonging to four different types of geometry were obtained. The natures of the X and Y atoms not only affect the relative stability of the isomers, but also the interaction sites available on the H2XY molecule. For all the systems considered in this study, a covalent structure was obtained from a non-covalent isomeric form involving a double π-hole interaction. Such a covalent structure corresponds to the global minimum for the (SO3)(H2CS), (SO3)(H2SiO) and (SO3)(H2SiS) complexes, and a local minimum for the (SO3)(H2CO) complex. The usefulness of physically-relevant topological tools for a thorough characterisation of the monomers prior to a search for the isomeric forms of a complex is once again demonstrated.


In a society in which more and more complex tasks are under- taken by robotics, and the use of electronic devices continues to grow, the ability of computers to learn by observing hu- man behavior becomes crucial. In this paper, we show how artificial intelligence and, in particular, neural networks, can be used to imitate the behavior of a human while piloting a miniature vehicle via a remote controller


: Teachers are key players in efforts to address school bullying and peer victimization. Bullying is a significant concern for healthcare services in schools. Aim: To assess teachers' perception regarding bullying behavior in elementary schools at Jizan City, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted for the current study, and a convenience sampling technique was implemented. The total sample size was 116 teachers voluntarily participated in the study. Setting: The study was conducted at six elementary governmental schools in Jizan city. Tool: A structured questionnaire was developed by the researcher; the tool was divided into three parts. The first part, the demographic information, second part, to assess teachers' perception regarding definition, impact, factors, and needs of schools' teachers to deal with bullying, it consists 26 items, third part, assessing teachers' perception toward bullying occurrence and their role in the environmental school, it consists 25 items. Results: The results indicated that teachers' perception with the weighted mean for the second part was 3.23 ± 0.24 and the third part was 3.01± 0.52 and there was statistically a significant difference between teachers' perception with their gender in second part, age and years of experience in both parts. Conclusion and Recommendation: The findings of the study concluded that teachers are working at elementary schools had highly perception about bullying behavior, but the teachers cannot control bullying out of the classroom, due to teachers' overload. The study recommended implementing a bullying program for schools' teachers and recruiting teams of psychologists, sociologist and schools' nurses to deal with bullying among students.


The seismic behavior of precast concrete structure wall mainly depends on connection of the shear walls, and constrains at edge elements. The strength of concrete in embedded column area is also especially important. This paper explores a mothod of connection for prefabrication that was post-cast at the connection when the precast wall was assembling. To investigate the failure mechanism of this kind of precast shear walls, a precast concrete wall specimen is studied and tested in this paper. Test results indicate that this kind of connection may effectively improve the behavier of precast shear walls, and ensure that the seismic performance of the precast walls can be equated with cast-in-place specimen.


This study examines the role of effective mentor teachers by analyzing the strategies and skills they used, the obstacles and problems they encountered, and the outcomes they achieved. Data for five case studies were collected from five elementary mentor teachers, their proteges, and their principals--participants in the Oregon Beginning Teacher Support Program. Interviews and questionnaires were the sources of the data. Collaborative problem solving was the strategy most used by the mentors, followed by emotional support, energizing and motivating, and demonstration/modeling. Skills successfully used by the mentors included the social process skill of interpersonal ease, listening, knowledge of educational content, demonstration/modeling, and confidence-building. Team match and empathy for the protege were the chief sources of support for mentors, while increased professional growth ranked as the highest sources of satisfaction. The major impediment to the mentoring process was lack of time. Informants indicated that the major outcomes of the mentor program were a satisfactory relationship between mentor and protege and satisfaction with the program. (IAH) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Skills, Strategies, and Outcomes of Successful Mentor Teachers "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." Blaine Ackley University of Portland M. D. Gall University of Oregon U DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Otke I Educettonot Rose Itcn iktsci teotovement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) th,s (socument his been reproduced iS ,ece.ved from the person of orpanual.on rgroatrnp .1 Mnot changes have been made to .mprOve taprOdUCtion quality Pptnts pl vte,s, o opnetons stated fl (h.s Po( u mem Op not necessar OS represent olt.c.al OE SI) POSr ln Or potcy Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, April, 1992.


Objective To investigate the expressions of PCNA and C-erbB-2 in gastric cancer and their relationships with pathological grade,clinic stage.Methods The SP immunohistochemical staining method were adopted to examine the expression of PCNA and cerbB-2 protein in gastric cancer tissues.Results Positive expressions of PCNA and cerbB-2 protein in gastric cancer tissues were positive relationship with tumor differential degree soakage depth and lymph node metastasis.Conclusions PCNA and cerbB-2 may be the progonsic factors to estimate prognosis of gastric cancer.


Research activities will be carried out for two months and a half in May until July 2017. The research was conducted in analysis at Cianjur Fishing Seed Center (PPISHP). The purpose of this research is to know the effect of vitamin D addition on silk worm to growth of carp larvae and to know dose Vitamin D in the appropriate silk worm to increase growth of carp larvae. The method used for this research is the method of observation while the design used is Completely Randomized Design (CRD). And a test consisting of 5 treatments with each of 3 replications. Treatment was the addition of vitamin D with different doses of 0 mg / l, 25 mg / l, 50 mg / l, 75 mg / l, and 100 mg / l. The best result is the best dose to increase the growth of carp larvae weight is dose 25 mg / l weight of 3 gram, the length increase 3,1 cm, and the survival rate 88%. Water quality parameters during the study temperature of 27-28 º C, pH 6,5-7.5, dissolved oxygen 3-5 mg / l, and NH3 ammonia 0,1-0.2 ppm.


Can a literary age belong to a writer who made a secret of his poems and whose pamphlets were veiled in anonymity? If so, then the middle decades of the seventeenth might be called the age of Andrew Marvell, perhaps not in the way that the opening of this century was the Age of Shakespeare or that its late decades were John Dryden's own, but a case might be made for the hidden life of the poet as the very emblem of those decades, of the Age of Andrew Marvell. The afterword to Texts and Readers explores this enigmatic, this emblematic possibility.


Segregation in education is our handicap and our opportunity. Designed as a tool of discrimination, the segregated school can be used as an agency of justice. Paradoxically, to the extent that it succeeds in improving the opportunity segregation gives to it, the racial school will tend to make itself unnecessary. For the only justification of segregation in education is that such separation makes possible the achievement of educational objectives not otherwise attainable, chief among which is advancement of the subordinate group to the point where the segregated school becomes interracial. Without argument here, let it be stated that the point of view of this chapter is that bi-racialism cannot be the permanent solution of the problem of the races in the United States. There is no such thing as a stable equilibrium. We move toward an interracial society or we move toward a sharper cleavage. To be more accurate: both directions of movement are being urged at the same moment. It is the opportunity of the school to decide on which side of the conflict its influence is to count. The dilemma confronting us is that it is difficult to know when one is strengthening segregation by fighting it, and when one is fighting segregation by strengthening it. It is possible that the better we make the segregated schools, and the more opportunities for first-class education we provide within the limits of the segregated social set-up, the more we shall defeat our ultimate objectives. It is possible that as we emerge into the "justice" of the "separate but equal" bi-racial society, we shall find that we have let ourselves into a new prison house, more vast and more terrible than the first. And on the other side of the picture is the fact that, for some time to come, we shall continue to have a sharply bifurcated society. Are we, then, to condemn segregated peoples to decades, perhaps generations, of poor education? If we make the schools for Negroes as good as those for whites, we take part of the sting out of segregation and to that extent defeat the plea for justice; but if we do not make the segregated schools at least as good as the white schools, we cannot expect education to help us out of the present predicament. It may be that every brick we add to our fine buildings in the segregated schools is an added weight sinking us deeper into the mire of segregation; it is also possible that the overcoming of apparent cultural differences through education may in the end make the racial lines less arbitrary. It is for us to say which outcome we desire. There will, of course, need to be a


The short paper introduces a research project of passenger travel information systems designed to inform the traveling public of current, advertised services; to advise passengers of delays, or day-to-day departures from advertised services; and to accompany the occasional--though in recent years, increasingly frequent--fare and network revisions and reorganizations.


By way of putting this review in context I would like to say something about what lead up to my interest in Vulnerable Mission. My interest in mission is very much from the perspective of being a member of a supporting church. But really I suppose I ought to be frank: I was never really interested in mission. Mission events came round and I did my best to pay all due interest and make a donation. Missionary work was for others, not for me, and as rule I let them get on with it! I have to confess that my real interest is and has always been in a variety of technical subjects; in particular what I refer to as the three Ps: physics, programming and philosophy. In fact now that I am now a semi retired person I'm able to spare the time, in an amateur capacity, dabbling in a broad range of technical interests. So how is it that a person who had to fight a considerable level of innate mission apathy ends up being intensely interested in Vulnerable Mission? There must be something strange going on here! Well firstly there is, of course, the Gospel, which I regard as nothing less than the meaning of life the universe and everything. But soon after being converted I quickly realised that Western Christianity covered a rich diversity of church cultures; that's a nice way of saying that a broad swath of Christian culture was an inchoate squabbling mass of bigoted partisans; in particular I'm thinking about Christianity's many sectarian and cultish manifestations.


4(3H)-Quinazolinone derivatives are the important class of heterocycles. They possess various biological activities such as antibacterial, antiinflammation, antihistaminic, etc., depend on the substituents at the ring system. On the other hands, some of pyridium salts exhibit antibacterial acitivity. The pyridinium salts of phenacyl were obtained by the reaction of phenacyl halide in chloroform at room temperature for overnight at a dark place, while the pyridium salts of alkyl were obtained by the reaction of corresponding alkyl halide and pyridines in appropriate solvents, heated at reflux for 6-50 h. Microwave (MW) and ultrasonic irradiation has attracted considerable attention for rapid synthesis of organic compounds. In this paper, we report the microwave assisted synthesis of 1-[(6-nitroquinazolin-4-one-2-yl)methyl]pyridin-1ium bromide and synthesis of its 6-amino analog under ultrasonic irradiation.


This work has been developed in the framework of wider research whose aim is to promote the human rights of women and children, namely "The influence of media in the social representation of violence against women and girls in Mexico". The research has the goal to promote the Media Observatory for the Human Rights of Women and Girls. The Observatory, which is in an initial phase, aims to analyse the role played by the media and cultural industries in women's human rights. This article is based on content analysis of the highestrated radio stations programming in Mexico and points to the responsibility of these institutions in the social representation of the gender violence, in order to call upon its eradication. 1


At present, in the reactive power optimization planning for distribution network the methods such as sensitivity analysis and so on are utilized to determine the location, where reactive power compensation devices are installed. In traditional sensitivity analysis method the pre-compensation nodal sensitivity is used to choose the location for reactive power compensation, so it depends on the pre-compensation power flow and the chosen compensation locations are frequently concentrated upon the branches with heavy load, and it leads to the overlap of compensation ranges and possibly the effect of reactive power compensation is not the optimal. For this reason, a method to calculate the second order network-loss reactive power sensitivity matrix is proposed, and on this basis a new method to choose the location for reactive power compensation in distribution network is given, in which the impacts of the compensation capacity of the compensation node selected in the latter on the sensitivity of the compensation node selected in the former are considered. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by simulation results of a 28-bus distribution network.


Agenda VENUE ACCOMMODATION VISA REGISTRATION CONTACT Agenda Monday 28 October 2019 11:00-12:00 17th UIC Asia-Pacific Management Committee 12:00-14:00 Lunch 14:00-17:00 28th UIC Asia-Pacific…


Essay review of  Whitewashing War - Historical Myth, Corporate Textbooks, and Possibilities for Democratic Education by Christopher R. Leahey. Foreword by E. Wayne Ross. Teachers College Press, Columbia University, 2010. Paperback: $22.95 ISBN 0807750433, 160 pages Cloth: $52.00, ISBN 087750441, 160 pages