This qualitative L2 writing study presents a contextualised response to the movement of Creative Writing Across the Curriculum. A story-writing assignment is implemented in an introductory Linguistics module as an alternative medium for knowledge-construction. The task offered the Chinese students the opportunity to utilise some recently acquired semantics knowledge for purposeful and idiosyncratic construction of a short story in English. 110 stories were collected and examined using a sociocognitive view of "writer voices", seeing voices as arising from the negotiation between the writer and various forms of knowledge in the context, such as the target subject knowledge and the convention of narratives. In order to look for creative modes of knowledge application and examine how the student writers' applications of the target semantics invoke or deviate from established and culturally-rooted cognitive structures (i.e. "schema") the stories were initially examined by corpus linguistics techniques and then manual and hermeneutic coding. Three general tendencies stand out: the stories show 1) strategic, 2) conventional and 3) creative applications of the target semantics knowledge. Subsequently, focal students were interviewed individually. Six focal cases are included here, illustrating characteristic negotiations between the writer and certain symbolic resources. Overall, the study holds implication for how EFL creative writing assignments might help stimulating Chinese students' knowledge-making potential in a subject context.


Seeing that hitherto our knowledge of the flame speeds involved in the " inflammation " and " detonation " of carbonic oxide-oxygen mixtures has been mainly confined to those of the theoretical 2CO + 0 2 mixture, and that com plete data over the whole " explosion range " are needed for the determination of questions relating to the combustion of carbonic oxide, we have lately carried out experiments with a view to suppyling the deficiency; and this paper embodies the results thereof.


It has been announced recently that a team of 10 people is to review the Mental Health Act 1983. The review is being carried out in response to public and government concern that some people with mental illness have been discharged without proper supervision into the community rendering them, in some cases, a danger to themselves and to others.


European sovereign debt crisis delayed the process of global economic recovery.The systemic debt crisis has its own distinguished features: a large stock of external debt,concentrate of the outbreak of time,spreading fast,the euro zone for the hardest hit;debt focus on public sector debt,short-term liabilities increased;debtor focus on the core countries in Europe and America;the debt burden of debtor countries is too heavy,solvent decreased.The contributing factors of the debt crisis are not only external factors,but also inner economic system.


The need of extremophile enzymes is increased. Such enzymes had found their utility in bio-industries such as leather, food, animal feed, textiles, and in bioconversions and bioremediation. Screening of microorganisms producing enzymes from different areas of soil led to the isolation of 38 isolates, the isolates were plate-screened for their ability to produce extracellular enzymes. The promising strains were selected and screened for their enzyme thermostability and screened quantitatively for potential industrial and therapeutic applications. Tolerance of selected microorganisms was investigated to a varied range of pH, salinity, and enzyme activity over a range of temperature. The genotypic identification of 16S rDNA sequence of the promising strains revealed that our strains were Streptomyces mutabilis, Streptomyces ghanaensis, Streptomyces rochei and Enterobacter cloacae. The isolated microorganisms quantified as an effective producer of industrially important enzymes amylase, cellulase, esterase, casienase and therapeutic enzyme L-asparaginase. All enzymes produced from the four isolates show enzyme activity and stability at different high temperature (60 °C, 80 °C, 100 °C). The amylase shows optimum activity at 37 °C, while the other four enzymes show optimum activity at different high temperature (60 °C, 80 °C). The study shows that Streptomyces mutabilis produce acidophilic enzyme amylase, Streptomyces ghanaensis produce acidophilic enzyme cellulase and neutrophilic enzyme esterase, Enterobacter cloacae and Streptomyces rochei produce alkalophilic enzymes (L-asparaginase, caseinase) respectively. Enzymes show highest enzyme activity at high NaCl concentration (5 and 7.5%).


summary The huge increase in fuel prices - about doubling since 2004 - represents a major economic shock to European fishing fleets. Before this latest price hike, fuel accounted for 15 per cent of the operating costs of most fleet segments. Thus, in spite of various fuel saving measures, this fuel price increase has probably reduced the profitability of European fishing fleets by well over 5 per cent of revenues on average. What is perhaps less obvious is that the fuel price increase also serves to bring the industry more into line with the biological productivity of the fish stocks. Many European fisheries today are characterized by excessive fishing fleets and severely overexploited fish stocks. It is shown in this article that lower profitability in fishing serves to reduce this excessive fishing pressure leading to some fish stock recovery and the possibility of higher sustainable catches. Thus, as painful as it is to the fishing industry, this fuel price increase may actually contribute to a healthier fishery in the longer run, and by increasing sustainable catches also benefit consumers of fish. These benefits, however, will not materialize if the impact of the fuel price increase is neutralized by inadvisable financial subsidies to the fishing industry Copyright The Agricultural Ecomomics Society and the European Association of Agricultural Economists 2007.


The difference between inventive problems and optimization ones is defined in this article. There exist among the engineering practices different kind of tools and methods aiming at designing, but which are not specified for the same nature of problem. It is thus relevant to be able to recognize the two kinds of problems: optimization ones, for which a solution can be found by adjustment of the value of problem parameters; and inventive problems, for which no solution is known. If no solution is known, either a solution exists and has to be found, it means that it has not been formulated the right way; either no solution exists and it is required to use a method to invent a solution. For these two cases, the matter is the problem, as it is modeled has to be reformulated, the model has to be changed, in order to build a representation enabling the resolution of the problem. The article will be focused on the question of problem model change and will compare the mechanisms to change this model for inventive problems from two problem solving theories: dialectical methods and models, on the one hand; and constraint satisfaction problem (CSP), on the other hand.


This article analyzes the phenomenon of epatage in provocative self-promotion. The functional approach as the research methodology of epatage is offered and three mutually complementary theories are considered: the theory of deviant behaviour, the concept of identity crisis and the game theory. The main purpose of the work is to review the lexicalsemantic means of implementation of epatage tactics in the text of «star» interviews.


Objectives To evaluate the effect of urbanization and ethnicity on correlations between waist circumference (WC) and obesity related cardiovascular risk factors.


The quality factors of Fabry-Perot resonator was measured by scalar net work analyzer. A new method was approved to determine the number of the mode. The testing results given by AV3617 were presented and external quality factor, unloaded quality factor were calculated. The measurement error was also analyzed and the main aspect of measurement error was the frequency data of half power point. Depending on the high frequency resolution of HP83630A and using reference marker the precision was improved.


This work aims to create a musical performance for large-scale audience participation using mobile phones as musical instruments. Utilizing ubiquitous smartphones, we attempted to facilitate audience engagement with networked phones as musical instruments. Drawing lessons learnt from previous works of mobile music, audience participation practices, and networked instrument design, we developed echobo. Audience members download the app, play the instrument instantly, interact with other audience members, and contribute to the music via sound generated on their mobile phones. Surveys of participants indicated that it was easy to play and that participants felt connected to the music and other musicians.


Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint, the most common form of knee arthritis, is the gradual degeneration of joint cartilage. A progression of OA is characterized by the degradation and degeneration of the articular cartilage with subchondral bone remodeling, osteophyte formation and inflammation leading to bone-on-bone contact causing pain, stiffness, and functional difficulties and disability. OA affects the patient's quality of life and creates a significant financial burden on the health care system. This retrospective study collected data from patients who received autologous MSCs injections of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) and/or micro-fragmented adipose tissue (MFAT). Data from patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were collected pre-treatment and at post-treatment follow-ups and correspondences. Surveys distributed included Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement (KOOS, JR), and a patient satisfaction survey. Out of 151 patients that met clinical criteria, 103 patients (159 knees) had appropriate follow up data. Of the 103 patients, 25 patients had knee arthroscopy prior to stem cell injection. 63 patients received platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections within 12 months and five patients had conversion to Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). BMAC, MFAT graft, and BMAC and MFAT graft groups showed significant improvement in both VAS and KOOS, JR between baseline and 3,6,12, and 24 months post-treatment (p<0.00001). Among BMAC only patients, KL grade breakdown showed significant improvement in VAS and KOOS, JR scores within 24 months post-treatment across all grades (2-4).


Abstract Background: Owing to a multifactorial etiology, the differential diagnosis of groin pain in the athlete is often complex, with a diagnosis being clinically elusive in up to 30% of individuals. It has been suggested in the literature that the adductor musculature is a viable and prevalent source of groin pain. Thus, recognition of the elements related to effective management of these individuals is essential for the clinician. Objectives: To review the current literature related to prevalence, risk factors, clinical testing, conservative, and surgical interventions for adductor-related groin pain. Major findings: Adductor-related groin injuries may occur in isolation or combination. Athletes participating in multi-directional sports, with prior groin injury, weakness of adductors compared to abductors, and higher level of play are at greatest risk. Clinical testing using the adductor squeeze test at varying angles offers high specificity in the absence of imaging modalities. Evidence for preventative programs exists among soccer and ice hockey players. Interventions focusing on progressively improving adductor muscle performance and lower extremity impairments have been found effective, as have multi-modal interventions. Surgical interventions, recommended for those recalcitrant (>2 months) to conservative care appear effective, with adductor repair or tenotomy procedures being primarily described in case series designs. Conclusion: A paucity of research exists to determine the diagnostic utility of clinical tests as well as the efficacy of interventions. Clinicians should be aware of adductor-related groin pain as a clinical entity and recognize the potential merits and limitations of both preventive and adductor-focused interventions.


Based on the observation and study of a large number of cores and thin sections by cathodoluminescence and SEM, this paper expounds in detail the mechanism of the main diagenesis and its action mode and analyzes the diagenesis sequences and porosity evolution of the Permian Pingdiquan Formation in WucaiwanShishugou region of the eastern Junggar Basin. Cementation and compaction have destroyed almost all the primary pores and a part of secondary pores. The solution of the analcime and dolomitization have created a lot of secondary pores. The paper points out that the secondary pores mostly develop from 1300 to 2300 meters in the depth.


Background: The Weil and triple Weil osteotomy are widely used to treat third rocker metatarsalgia. The aim of this study was to analyze the results and complications of Weil and triple Weil osteotomy used for the treatment of third rocker metatarsalgia. Methods: This is a report of 82 patients who were operated due to third rocker metatarsalgia from March 2004 to May 2007. A total of 76 completed the study, 68 women and eight men, with a total of 93 operated feet, 52 right and 41 left (17 bilateral). The clinical results were evaluated using the AOFAS score for the assessment of lesser metatarsals and interphalangeal joints, and weightbearing lateral and AP foot X-ray for radiological evaluation. Results: The median AOFAS score was 90 (range, 34 to 100). We had good results in 80% and unsatisfactory in 20%. Prior to surgery 75 feet were index minus, but after all 81 feet were plus-minus. With regard to complications, we had serious recurrence of metatarsalgia in 4.3%, moderate stiffness in 60.2% (severe in one case), floating toes in 4.3% and delays in bone healing in 7.5%. Conclusion: We believe that Weil and triple Weil osteotomies are effective procedures in the treatment of third rocker metatarsalgia. We feel preoperative planning with tracing on the weightbearing AP radiographs is an essential step. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series Study


SnO2-Fe 2 O 3 composite thin films were deposited on quartz substrate at 650 °C by pulsed laser deposition with Fe 2 O 3 content varying between 0 and 50 wt.%. The effect of increasing Fe 2 O 3 content on structural, optical and electrical properties of SnO 2 -Fe 2 O 3 films were investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the nature of deposited composite films can be tune from crystalline to amorphous with increase in the Fe 2 O 3 content. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies confirm the presence of SnO 2 and Fe 2 O 3 in the microstructure. Atomic force microscopy studies of the deposited films indicate that RMS roughness vary between 114.4 and 1.48 nm. The average optical transmittance decreases from 92 to 72% with increasing Fe 2 O 3 content of the deposited films. The optical bandgap was decreased from 3.69 to 3.31 eV with increase in Fe 2 O 3 content. The minimum resistivity was observed 3.71 × 10 −2  Ω cm for the 30 wt.% Fe 2 O 3 composite film. The low resistivity and high transmittance in the visible region enables these films suitable for optoelectronic applications.


Growing urbanization is an important social transformation that is taking place all over the world, especially in developing countries. While cross-border immigration has received considerable attention of the researchers and government bodies, the internal migration of people within domestic territory of a country has not been paid much attention in planning and implementing policies. Internal movement of people away from their usual place of residence for economic or other reasons has been the major cause of growth of urban centers. Rural-to-urban migration has increased multi-fold, especially after transition of Indian society from agrarian to industrial to service oriented society. This phenomenon has put existing cities under great strain in providing civic amenities to all the migrants as well as ensuring respect of their fundamental rights as Indian citizens. There is an urgent need to identify all the relevant aspects – economic, social, cultural, political – related to internal migration. Strategies to be adopted by planners and executive in ensuring social and cultural inclusion of migrant population need to be evolved. While Government has taken some initiatives in bringing migrants into main streamline, there is lot to be done still. Paper would also highlight the issues pertaining to women & children migrants. This Paper attempts to collect details on above mentioned aspects and to stimulate positive action from all the stakeholders.


Work can be performed under different legal forms. A person can perform work entirely in the interest of another legal or physical person. In such cases the person who provides the work normally is selected for the task and the protection of the interest of the principal, not the performance of work, is the focus of the relationship. This group is regulated in commercial law, i.e. members of a board in a company or an association, and does not concern the labour market regulations. On the labour market work can be performed mainly under two types of agreements, the employment agreement and the contract work agreement. These two types have their origin in the corresponding concepts of Roman law, locatio conductio operarum and locatio conductio operis (Bruno Venetiani, The Evolution of the Contract of Employment in Bob Hepple (ed.) The Making of Labour Law in Europe 1986). In theory, these two types of agreements are clearly distinguishable. Contract work entails that the labour-provider produces a particular result. This is the case when an artist paints a portrait or the lawyer prosecutes his client's claim in court. The employment agreement, on the other hand, entails that the person performing work makes his entire labour available mostly for a longer period and for one person, the employer. It is a question of the personal service of the labourprovider. The worker in an employment relationship is subordinated when performing his work. The primary duties of the employee are to obey the orders of the employer and to uphold a loyal behaviour, which means not to cause damage to the employer in any sense. The employee is also economically dependent on his work. He earns his living by being employed and his pay is normally related to the time he has made his work available to the employer. Labour law deals with employment agreements and the scope of labour law depends on the concept of employee, whether it is wide or narrow. To distinguish employment agreements from contract work is a basic question for the courts when applying labour law rules. The employee concept is important


this study evaluated the effect of fixed orthodontic appliance treatment of anterior cross-bite having a removable posterior bite plate (removable appliance combined with fixed appliance) and fix orthodontic appliance treatment with composite light cure filling material on the occlusal surfaces of lower second premolars and first molars as block by etching and bonding the teeth,24 patients were selected from the medical technical institute clinic in Baghdad from the first of January 2013 until the 30 of December 2013 complaining from anterior cross-bite one tooth or more age range (13-19)11male and 13 female subdivided into three groups depending on the type of treatment used, results showed that there are highly significant difference in treatment time in response to the group of patient with posterior composite etched block(<0.001) even though the displacement space results between groups showed a non significant difference, in conclusion fix orthodontic appliance with posterior composite etched block on premolars and molar teeth is the shortest and best treatment technique we can use for treating such conditions


Abstract The anaerobic fluidized bed was tested on a pilot scale treating primary settled domestic wastewater. Over a range of hydraulic loadings (HRT from 1.67 to 6.67 hours) mean five day BOD and suspended solids concentrations of 17.2 mgL and 30.5 mgL‐1 were achieved. The testing covered a five month period, over an influent temperature range of 10–23° C. Solids were never deliberately wasted over the entire study period. Statistical analysis of the data indicated that influent substrate concentration and organic volumetric loading rate had the most influence on effluent 5 day BOD concentration and % removal.


THANK YOU FOR THE OPPORTUNITY to discuss some problems involved in adjustment to blindness as they relate to aging, particularly in situations in homes for the aged. People face these problems in several ways. For many blindness is sufficiently overwhelming to paralyze them emotionally, thus taking away whatever motivation they might have had prior to the handicap. Their only protection is complete withdrawal, and it takes an astute attendant or nurse to give them the necessary supportive help to begin again to carry out minimum essentials of activities of daily living. For others, the problem of strong denial, both of aging and blindness. makes it impossible for them to face their situation realistically and avail themselves of the opportunity to use their remaining abilities to the maximum. This manifests itself in a complete lack of awareness of the existence of the disability or the age factor; or by phantasies related to possible miracles which they think either God or the doctor may perform; and, by the tendency to play down the accomplishments of their peers in order to gain importance and even power, as well as a false impression of their abilities-"anything you can do, I can do better." For a third group, age as well as blindness brings a sense of relief-


Objective
To investigate the long-term effects of regular exercise during pregnancy on overweight and obese gravidas.

Methods
This study was based on a previous randomized controlled trial (RCT) regarding Effect of Regular Exercise Commenced in Early Pregnancy on the Incidence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Overweight and Obese Pregnant Women conducted at Peking University First Hospital from December 2014 to July 2016. Totally 265 women whose prepregnant body mass index (BMI) ≥24.0 kg/m2 were enrolled in the RCT and were randomly assigned to exercise group (n=132) and control group (n=133). This study was a follow-up of all the participants at one year after delivery from March 2016 to August 2017. Body weight, body fat, fasting and 2 h glucose level in 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin resistance index and lipid profiles were compared. We also evaluated their physical activities with International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), their dietary habits with modified Adult Dietary Behavior Assessment Scale and depression condition with Postpartum Depression Screen Scale (PDSS). Two independent samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis.

Results
The overall follow-up rate was 51.7% (137/265), while 64.4% (85/132) in the exercise group and 39.1% (52/133) in the control group. No significant difference in body weight loss [2.3 (-6.0 to 5.0) vs 1.0 (-1.3 to 4.7) kg], body fat percentage [(38.04±4.54)% vs (37.51±4.90) %], 2 h glucose level in 75 g OGTT [(7.30±2.80) vs (7.32±1.61) mmol/L], abnormal glucose tolerance ratio [30.0% (9/30) vs 28.8% (17/59)] or insulin resistance index (2.92±1.77 vs 2.86±1.92) was found between the control and exercise group (t or Z=-0.940, 0.312, 3.415, 0.005, 1.743, all P>0.05). However, the fasting blood glucose in 75 g OGTT was higher in the control group [(5.53±0.92) vs (5.28±0.43) mmol/L, t=9.268, P=0.003]. The two groups showed no significant difference (exercise group vs control group) in physical activity level [219 (99-504) vs 195 (99-351)], total score of dietary habits [79.00 (72.50-87.50) vs 76.00 (70.00-82.00)] or PDSS score of depression [55.00 (41.00-77.00) vs 70.00 (46.25-84.75)] at follow-up (Z=-0.808, -1.822, -1.620, all P>0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the level of serum triglyceride [(1.25±1.04) vs (1.42±0.85) mmol/L], total cholesterol [(4.56±0.71) vs (4.40±0.67) mmol/L], high density lipoprotein-cholesterol [(1.32±0.29) vs (1.22±0.21) mmol/L] or low density lipoprotein-cholesterol [(2.67±0.56) vs (2.55±0.52) mmol/L] between the exercise and control group (t=0.001, 0.020, 3.255, 0.303, all P>0.05).

Conclusions
Regular exercise during pregnancy has no long-term effect on maternal health in the absence of continuing lifestyle intervention after delivery. Therefore, postpartum follow-up and continued education on healthy lifestyle should be emphasized.

Key words:
High body mass index; Exercise intervention; Postpartum; Long-term outcomes of mothers and offspring


The number of floods in rivers has increased significantly in several locations in Brazil, causing huge losses to the population. Given this fact, this work focuses on estimating the day that the volume of a river will overflow. For the simulation of flood we adopt a theoretical mathema- tical model, where in the resolutions of the equations which represent the model, proposes apply numerical methods in order to examine what method provides a better solution, considering the computational effort and exactly of the solution. Hydrological models adopted in this work makes the prediction by solving Burgers, however, this solution has a complexity O(n r+1 ), not indicated in computational terms. But, by using methods of simple steps to predict day of the flood, this com- plexity is reduced to O(n). The present study shows that the model adapted solution has higher computational complexity tahn the complexity of numerical methods adapted to the model and pre- sents a computational model that estimates the day that the river will overflow in linear time.After the analysis of the numerical method we perform numerical simulation of flood considering hydro- logical data pertinent to the physical area of determined river in the south region of RS.


Among 24 species of scorpion in Iran, 12 can be found in the Southwestern parts, all of which belonging to the two following families: Buthidae such as Mesobuthus Eupetus, Androconus Crassicauda (AC) and scorpionidae such as Hemiscorpious Lepturus or Gadeem. Gadeem may induce local manifestations and/or systemic manifestations alone. Acute hemolysis may lead to acute kidney injury. Another potentially life-threatening scorpion lives in this region is AC with its toxins causing neurotoxic effects. Conclusion: Scorpion sting syndrome is a medical emergency, in the southwestern Iran. Sci Med J 2010; 9


In presenting a concept of effective competition—that is, of a socially desirable state of affairs in an industry or a market—a writer should be specific about the issues, definite about his own views, explicit about necessary versus sufficient conditions, realistic about whether desirable conditions are attainable, discriminating in judging between a condition and its effects, comprehensive in listing market deficiencies, and stringent in describing his ideal. By this author's standards, a market is effectively competitive if and only if it is free of 25 flaws: unsatisfactory products, underuse or overuse, inefficient exchange, inefficient production, bad externalities, spoliation, exploitation, unfair tactics, wasteful advertising, irrationality, undue profits or losses, inadequate research, predation, pre-emption, tying arrangements, resale price maintenance, refusals to deal, undesirable discrimination, misallocation of risk, undesirable mergers, undesirable entry, misinformation, inefficient rules of trading, and misregulation.


The effect of grain boundaries on the electrical resistivity of bulk nickel with a nanocrystalline structure has been investigated. For this study, nanocrystalline nickel was produced using a pulse plating technique that yields equiaxed nanostructures with negligible porosity. Using the four probe technique, resistivity measurements were performed at various temperatures ranging from 77 K to room temperature. The values of the resistivity were found to increase with decreasing grain size. This is mainly due to the increased volume fraction of interfaces at smaller grain sizes and the associated electron scattering events at the grain boundaries. The temperature coefficient of resistivity was found to decrease with decreasing grain size.


Global Climate System, Energy Balance, and the Hydrological Cycle Sangam Shrestha and Prasamsa Singh Climate Variability and Change Anthony S Kiem Detection and Attribution of Climate Change H Annamalai Uncertainty in Climate Change Studies Satish Bastola Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources and Selected Water Use Sectors Mukand S Babel, Anshul Agarwal, and Victor R Shinde Economics of Climate Change Sujata Manandhar, Vishnu Prasad Pandey, Futaba Kazama, and So Kazama Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment Vishnu Prasad Pandey, Sujata Manandhar, and Futaba Kazama Climate Change Adaptation in Water SVRK Prabhakar, Binaya Raj Shivakoti, and Bijon Kumer Mitra Managing Climate Risk for the Water Sector with Tools and Decision Support Julian Doczi Transboundary River Systems in the Context of Climate Change Soni M Pradhanang and Nihar R Samal International Negotiations on Climate Change and Water Binaya Raj Shivakoti and Sangam Shrestha Index


In addition to the distribution function, the mean residual life (MRL) function is the other important function which can be used to characterize a lifetime in survival analysis and reliability. For inference on the MRL function, some procedures have been proposed in the literature. However, the coverage accuracy of such procedures may be low when the sample size is small. In this article, an empirical likelihood (EL) inference procedure of MRL function is proposed and the limiting distribution of the EL ratio for MRL function is derived. Based on the result, we obtain confidence interval/band for the MRL function. The proposed method is compared with the normal approximation based method through simulation study in terms of coverage probability.


Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies all over the world. The rate of survival of the patients with cancer has increased due to developing diverse treatment methods, as a result of which the treatment-related side effects have become the focus of attention more than before. Lymphedema related to breast cancer is one of the frequent side effects which has significantly affected the patient's quality of life.
Objectives: The purpose of this research was to assess the effect of complete or complex decongestive therapy on breast cancer-related lymphedema and the patients' quality of life.
Patients and Methods: The present study was conducted from January 2013 to January 2014 and comprised 119 patients with breast cancer, related lymphedema, who had undergone complete or complex decongestive therapy (CDT). The patients' volume and grade of lymphedema were measured and determined before and after treatment, using the direct volumeter device to measure the lymphedema volume. To determine the quality of life, the European organization for research and treatment of cancer quality of life questionnaire (EQRTC BR-23) was completed before and after the treatment.
Result: The volume of lymphedema was significantly reduced after CDT (P < 0.001). The scores of quality of life were significantly increased regarding body image (BI) (P < 0.001), future prospective (FP) (P = 0.008), sexual functioning (SF) (P = 0.006), systemic therapy side effect (STSE) (P = 0.008) and arm symptoms (AS) (P < 0.001) which was clear indication of improved quality of life.
Conclusions: It is concluded that not only CDT causes reduction in lymph edema volume but also it improves the life quality of patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema


Evolution has yielded a host of biopolymers and biomaterials with highly sophisticated structural organization at the molecular level. An elegant, but comparatively simple, example of such advanced structural organization is found in the fibrillar spikes protruding from the capsids of adenovirus serotypes. The shaft portion of these viral spikes is assembled from three identical protein strands and resembles a cylindrical or box beam on the molecular level. We report here the design, synthesis, and characterization of recombinant protein polymers based on multimers of 15 amino acid consensus sequences approximating the more complex natural protein. Spontaneous fibrillar aggregate formation in the genetically engineered analogs has been confirmed by various methods and the propensity of such aggregates to phase separate into liquid crystalline arrays has been observed. Moreover, it has been possible to spin filaments from liquid crystalline solutions and characterize their structure. The collective data provide what we believe is the first example of a recombinant biopolymer capable of self-organization to rigid, high -aspect-ratio assemblies suitable for anisotropic solution processing.


Bond between two building components (2, 4) where both building components at least in section have corresponding joint faces (6, 8), which when the bond is made are adjacent to each other, with a matrix (14, 16) located on at least one of the joint faces at least in section. The matrix (14) contains capsules containing the material of a reactive adhesive system which can be affected by outside influences. The matrix (14) containing a number of capsules containing the material of a reactive adhesive system, while the material in at least part of the capsules can be affected by outside influences is new. Independent claims are also included for: (a) building components with at least one joint face for bonding with further building components (2, 4), and each matrix (14, 16) located at least in section on at least one of the joint faces (6, 8), with a number of capsules distributed in matrix (14); and (b) a process for preparation of a matrix with a number of capsules and their contents as described above, for building component joint faces, with partial fixing of the matrix layer.


Summary

Crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata) is a major constraint for legume cultivation in Mediterranean agriculture. Field trials, pot and in vitro experiments demonstrated that resistance to O. crenata is present in chickpea and wild species of Cicer. The resistance is the result of the combination of several mechanisms, including low induction of parasite seed germination and in some accessions, either a darkening at the infection site on the host root that prevents establishment, or a reduced development of established parasite tubercles.


This study aims to analyze and to describe waste management in Makassar City from the ACM perspective, seen from the twelve dimensions of ACM, namely bridging organizations, conflict, enabling condition, incentives, knowledge, leadership, learning, networks, organizational interactions, strength empowerment, shared responsibility, and trust. The goal of this study is also to find an ACM model in waste management in Makassar City.This research used a qualitative approach applying a descriptive method. Sources of data are obtained from key informants who are directly related to waste management (primary), and from various literature, articles, journals.. Methods of data collection were observation, interviews and literature review. Data analysis techniques were carried out by (1) data condensation, (2) data display, and (3) conclusion overview/verification.The results showed that 1) five of twelve dimensions studied needed serious attention to be optimized since they have a major influence on the success of ACM, namely the dimensions of liaison organization, possible condition, knowledge, leadership, and learning. Meanwhile, the other dimensions had run even though it was not optimal. 2)The finding of the paper is the design of the ACM n approach model to be used in solving solid waste problems in Makassar City.


The present study was conducted on a group of untreated
 foals with pulmonary abscesses in order to determine whether spontaneous
 recovery was possible without treatment, and if so, how frequently. The study
 has taken place on a stud farm in northern Germany
 where endemic Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) had been isolated from ill foals for
 several years. Although R. equi was indeed found in this study in the
 tracheobronchial secretions of some of the foals, it was not possible to rule
 out the possibility that other pathogens were involved in the development of
 the pulmonary abscesses.
 The study was based on routine general and specific
 examination of the respiratory tract of all foals on the stud farm five
 months old and younger. If these examinations revealed any suspicious
 findings, an ultrasound examination was also carried out. Abscessing
 bronchopneumonia was diagnosed if ultrasound visualization revealed an
 abscess at least 10 mm in diameter.
 Foals found to have pulmonary abscesses were not treated
 for the time being if the following criteria were met:
 O
 The total diameter of all abscesses (abscess score) was 50 mm or less.
 O
 The leukocyte cell count was below 18.000 cells per microliter blood.
 O
 The foal did not have fever (internal body temperature below 39.0°C).
 O
 The foal was not in great discomfort.
 The foals were treated immediately if one or more of these
 criteria were not fulfilled. In order to monitor the development of the pulmonary
 abscesses and the animal's clinical status under these conditions, the
 untreated foals were examined twice a week clinically and by sonography of
 the thorax, and laboratory tests were conducted. Foals were classified as
 free of pulmonary disease and removed from the study if the results of three
 consecutive ultrasound examinations of the lung were negative and the animals
 presented no serious clinical symptoms.
 Spontaneous healing of the pulmonary abscesses occurred in
 82 of the 144 foals (56.9 %) of this study, while 62 foals (43.1 %)
 subsequently had to be treated. The foals fell ill between the twelfth and
 156th day of life. Foals that fell ill between the first and 39th day of life
 had to be treated significantly more frequently than the older ones.
 The development of the pulmonary abscesses was assessed
 according to the parameters clinical score, blood leukocyte count, abscess
 score, number of abscesses and number of pneumonias. The likelihood that
 treatment would have to be started rose with increases in the values of these
 parameters. There were nonetheless spontaneous recoveries at every value
 documented, which confirms the appropriateness of the levels set for
 initiation of treatment.
 The examination protocol used in this study was successfully
 applied on this stud farm, where it resulted in less and more specific use of
 antibiotics, and the rate of recovery was a 100 % for all 144 foals.


Objective Osteoporosis is a common disease in postmenopausal women. Several studies have analysed the associations between dietary supplementation with probiotics and bone health in postmenopausal women, but the results are still controversial. We conducted this meta-analysis to assess the effects of probiotics supplement on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers for postmenopausal women. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library from their inception to November 2020 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) assessing probiotic supplements and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Study-specific risk estimates were combined using random-effect models. Results Five RCTs (n=497) were included. Probiotic supplements were associated with a significantly higher BMD in the lumbar spine (standardised mean difference, SMD=0.27, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.44) than in control. There was no difference between probiotic supplements and BMD in hips (SMD=0.22, 95% CI −0.07 to 0.52). Collagen type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide levels in the treatment groups were significantly lower than those of the placebo group (SMD=−0.34, 95% CI −0.60 to −0.09). In subgroup meta-analysis, levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin and tumour necrosis factor did not differ between the probiotic and placebo groups. Conclusions We conclude cautiously that supplementation with probiotics could increase lumbar BMD. More RCTs are recommended to validate or update these results.


We demonstrate the synthesis and electrochemical performance of polymer-derived silicon oxycarbide–carbon nanotube (SiOC–CNT) composites as a stable lithium intercalation material for secondary battery applications. Composite synthesis was achieved through controlled thermal decomposition of 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl 1,3,5,7-tetravinyl cyclotetrasiloxane (TTCS) precursor on carbon nanotubes surfaces that resulted in formation of shell/core type ceramic SiOC–CNT architecture. Li-ion battery anode (prepared at a loading of ∼1.0 mg cm–2) showed stable charge capacity of 686 mA h g–1 even after 40 cycles. The average Coulombic efficiency (excluding the first cycle loss) was 99.6%. Further, the post electrochemical imaging of the dissembled cells showed no apparent damage to the anode surface, highlighting improved chemical and mechanical stability of these composites. A similar trend was observed in the rate capability tests, where the SiOC–CNT anode (with 5 wt % loading in TTCS) again showed stable performance, co...


. The execution of software projects sometimes is only viable if some activities are outsourced. Thus, the definition and execution of software acquisition process are important to enhance project's control and quality. This pa-per presents the Acquisition process implementation at Synapsis Brasil in ac-cordance to MR-MPS and CMMI. We also discuss the integration between the acquisition process and the software development process. Finally, the main benefits, difficulties, success factors and lessons learned are discussed.


When women entrepreneurs want to be included in economic life, they face a number of advantages and disadvantages. Especially the problems encountered in access to finance make it difficult for women entrepreneurs to participate in economic life. It is very significant to provide those women entrepreneurs have access to institutional finance so that they can take part in the working life and contribute to the economic development of the country. In this research, the factors affecting the access of women entrepreneurs to finance in Türkiye were examined. The population of the research is 121 women entrepreneurs operational in the province of Erzincan, and data was collected by conducting a survey on these people. Factor analysis, independent sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used in the study to evaluate the obtained data. With respect to the findings, it was determined that the order of difficulties experienced by women entrepreneurs in accessing institutional finance is as follows: suspiciousness, difficulty, collateral dispute and long process, protection attitude and prejudice.


Regular monitoring of blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) level and heart rate is critical not only during surgeries and in ICUs but also at home, especially for patients suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases. Reflectance pulse oximetry removes the hassles of probe based transmittance techniques and has the potential to emerge as the primary method for SpO2 measurement, especially for wearable and minimally intrusive physiological monitoring. Reflectance pulse oximetry at the finger can be used for intermittent monitoring applications by integrating the modality to life style devices like wrist watches. A wrist-worn finger based reflectance pulse oximeter which works in conjunction with a smart phone/tablet for cloud connectivity is presented. This paper describes the proposed system architecture and the data collection exercise carried out at high altitudes to obtain the calibration coefficients for device operation. The data collected during the high-altitude exercise was analyzed to verify the correlation between R values obtained from the device and the reference SpO2 measurements made using a standard equipment. The performance of the device was tested on 3 volunteers at heights of 5,360 m and 4,259 m from the sea level.


The world network of oil pipelines and the related oil storages extends with growth of volumes of oil production. In use there is a need of cleaning of tanks of oil storages and oil pipelines, inserts of pipes, inspections of a state. These operations are interfaced to cutting of cavities of the big sizes and a difficult form. Combustible deposits on internal surfaces of oil pipelines don´t allow application for them are sharp the methods which are followed by a flame and a spark. Here application of process of hydrocutting by a water stream with an abrasive is very effective. The wide circulation of hydrocutting of oil pipelines and oil storages is limited to weak extent of its automation. Great opportunities are opened by creation and application of automatic complexes on the basis of a robotics. The concept of creation of a mobile robotic complex of hydrocutting of surfaces of oil pipelines and oil storages provides the analysis, consideration and the solution of the following main questions. 1. Requirements and features of system of automatic control. The system of automatic control of the robot consists of two consistently connected systems – the mobile and transport robot. 2. Type of kinematics and sizes of shoulders of the technological robot. The defining factors are here the look and an arrangement of objects with which MTR, in space, and also the sizes of surfaces of cutting interacts. 3. The analysis of technological trajectories and requirements imposed to the technological robot. These aspects are defined by a type of the cut-out profile, an arrangement and definiteness of surfaces in space, and also requirements from directly process of hydrocutting. 4. Management of a trajectory of the movement of a head of a hydrocut on not completely certain surface of cutting in space.


By starting from the non-standard quantum deformation of the sl(2,R) algebra, a new quantum deformation for the real Lie algebra so(2,2) is constructed by imposing the former to be a Hopf subalgebra of the latter. The quantum so(2,2) algebra so obtained is realized as a quantum conformal algebra of the (1+1) Minkowskian spacetime. This Hopf algebra is shown to be the symmetry algebra of a time discretization of the (1+1) wave equation and its contraction gives rise to a new $(2+1)$ quantum Poincar\'e algebra.


The methods of filtration and data transmission for maritime and land-based vehicles in satellite GNSS-monitoring are studied. In the context of the organization of the satellite monitoring system for maritime transport, as well as for some land transport (freight over long distances), the use of satellite Internet becomes rather essential. Due to the high costs of traffic of the communication channel, the continuous transmission of navigation information becomes extremely expensive filtration of data is required in order to reduce costs. At the same time, to monitor in real time, it is necessary to preserve the original information of tracks as much as possible. For this purpose, a method that takes into account the dynamic nature of the movement of vehicles is developed. The method is based on the use of dynamically changing data transfer period, which depends on the speed of the vehicle. The article provides the algorithm of the analysis of GNSS-tracks, used to calculate the optimal data transfer periods. The final graphical characteristic of the dynamic method for land (for example, cars) and sea (for example, ferries) vehicles is presented. The proposed dynamic method was tested on a set of GNSS-tracks. The software filtering track points by the method given above is designed. The application of this method is demonstrated for each considered type of vehicles. The dynamic method allows significantly reduce the amount of traffic required to transfer data to the GNSS-monitoring systems, while loss of information is unessential. Depending on the configuration, the method can be applied in the satellite monitoring systems, working with any type of vehicles.


Renewable electricity generating systems are gaining ground in residential sector for the purpose of diminishing the electricity bills or to reaching some degree of energy independence. The decision to invest in small wind turbines or hybrid energy generation technologies should be based on an economic estimation of money invested in such systems. Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) calculation for local technologies of choice for residential energy generation is a very meaningful figure for deciding whether the investment can bring financial satisfaction and for selecting which type of technology is the best suited for a specific location.


Design an aquaculture pH value wireless monitoring system,sensor node of system uses MSP430F149 as core,use nRF905 RF chip as wireless communication module,use PHG—96FS sensor to acquire pH value and datas of water temperature. Establish mathematical model for pH value measurement according to pH electrode measurement principle for curve fitting of temperature coefficient KpHmathematical model by piecewise quadratic polynomial fitting method. The node software is compiled using C Language in IAR Embedded Workbench,completes data acquisition and processing,wireless transmission,and serial communication. Monitoring software is compiled using VB 6. 0,which provide users with visual image of real-time data monitoring platform. Test results demonstrate that the system runs stably and data acquisition is normal,thus the system can meet requirements of aquaculture water quality monitoring.


The heavy metals in surface soil layers in Jiangdu and their spatial distribution were depicted in the text, and the soil heavy metal pollution status was evaluated and the pollution source and its way into the soil environment were discussed. The study showed that the general environmental quality for the soils is fine with severe pollution in local areas, and the soils to the north of Tongyang Canal excel those of south Tongyang Canal. The spatial distribution of Cd, Hg, Zn is uneven, some exceed class two national standard for soils, resulted by point pollution, in which, Cd and Hg are the major pollution genetic factors. The authors suggested a multiply way of developing the soils, inclusive of a rational arrangement.


The half-lantern Pt2(II,II) complex [{Pt(ppy)(μ2-Spy)}2], 1, in which ppyH = 2-phenylpyridine and pySH = pyridine-2-thiol, is treated with two equivalents of triphenylphosphine ligand (dissociated Pt–NSpy bonds) to form complex [Pt(ppy)(η1-S-Spy)(PPh3)], 2. This complex can alternatively be obtained directly from the reaction of complex [Pt(ppy)(PPh3)Cl], 3, with an ethanolic solution of sodium pyridine-2-thiolate. The transphobia effect (T) controls the geometry of complex 2 and spectroscopic data confirms that the phosphine ligand is positioned trans to the nitrogen atom of the cyclometalating fragment (ppy). The solution dynamics of complex 2 was investigated by NMR spectroscopy and it revealed a fluxional behavior in solution. Besides, the protonation reaction conditions for complex 2 revealed the sensitivity of this complex to the anionic group of the acidic species. For instance, reaction of complex 2 with hydrogen chloride that contains a coordinating anion, resulted in a platinum–sulfur bond cleavage and subsequent formation of the corresponding chloride complex 3. In contrast, upon treatment of complex 2 with HPF6, involving a non-coordinating counter-anion, the pendant nitrogen atom was protonated and complex [Pt(ppy)(η1-S-Spy*) (PPh3)][PF6], 5, was obtained.


This research is conducted to find out the correlation between parental involvement and students English achievement. English achievement becomes subject of this study because English is one of major lessons in Junior High School. One of the influential external factors toward students achievement is parental involvement. The theory of parental involvement used for this study is
based on the Epsteins framework of six types of parental involvement Parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decisions making, and collaborating with community. Those are known as Overlapping Spheres of Influence theory.


Leaf disks of Hausa potato (Coleus parviflorus Benth.) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Optimum adventitious shoot development on the explant was obtained using 6.0 to 8.0 mg/liter 6-benzylamino purine (BA) in combination with 2.5 to 4.0 mg/liter naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Shoot regeneration was obtained from callus following callus subculture on media with 4.0 to 8.0 mg/liter BA in combinations with 1.5 to 4.0 mg/liter NAA. Rooting was induced on shoots by transfer to a growth regulator-free medium.


BACKGROUND
Our health system set out to improve services to patients from the LGBTQ community as a step towards decreasing disparities in care.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A pilot education intervention targeting staff knowledge and skills regarding terminology with regards to gender fluidity and sexual orientation was designed and implemented.

RESULTS
81 staff members participated and we found improvements in knowledge but there remain uncertainties that can be addressed in future training sessions.

CONCLUSIONS
LGBTQ staff education in radiology is feasible and effective. Additional education interventions may be necessary to address persistent knowledge gaps. Effects on patient acre are yet unknown.


Simple Summary Nectins are attracting increased interest as potential markers for prognosis. In this review, we summarize the results of studies concerning the prognostic utility of the nectin family in different cancers. The reports on nectins-1-3 are ambiguous—both the upregulation and loss of expression could be a prognostic indicator. Nectin-4 is quite consistently overexpressed in tumors, which generally correlates with a worse prognosis. The data on nectins in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are rather scarce and require further research. New treatments based on nectin-4 are currently being introduced, opening up possibilities for new lines of therapy. Abstract The nectin family comprises four proteins, nectin-1 to -4, which act as cell adhesion molecules. Nectins have various regulatory functions in the immune system and can be upregulated or decreased in different tumors. The literature research was conducted manually by the authors using the PubMed database by searching articles published before 2023 with the combination of several nectin-related keywords. A total of 43 studies were included in the main section of the review. Nectins-1–3 have different expressions in tumors. Both the loss of expression and overexpression could be negative prognostic factors. Nectin-4 is the best characterized and the most consistently overexpressed in various tumors, which generally correlates with a worse prognosis. New treatments based on targeting nectin-4 are currently being developed. Enfortumab vedotin is a potent antibody–drug conjugate approved for use in therapy against urothelial carcinoma. Few reports focus on hepatocellular carcinoma, which leaves room for further studies comparing the utility of nectins with commonly used markers.


: Measuring the correct and objective total factor efficiency of provincial transportation carbon emissions in China promotes technological progress and helps to develop differentiated carbon emission reduction policies. Using data of transportation carbon emissions from 2004 to 2013 , we measure provincial total factor transportation carbon emissions efficiency by the model of superefficient- SBM- undesirable output. On this basis , we research the spatial difference and change trend changing of transportation carbon emission efficiency in china and three regions, and analyze space clustering characteristics and influencing factors of efficiency. The results show : ① The tendency of total factor efficiency on transportation carbon emissions fits the trendency of typical Environment Kuznets Curve , during 2005-2009 efficiency quickly being declined , and then rising slowly from 2009-2013. ② Average efficiency in the eastern regions is significantly higher than be in the central regions and western regions. The carbon emission efficiency has the relation of spatial autocorrelation between close provinces. ③ Obvious spatial aggregation features on China's transportation total factor efficiency of carbon is existing. Among these , the eastern regions exhibit a H-H assembly of carbon efficiency , including Hebei , Shandong , Jiangsu and Tianjin. The central southern , southern and northeast regions exhibit L-L assemblies of efficiency , Guangdong , Jiangxi , Hunan and Hubei included. ④ According to the spatial econometric model , the main factors influencing transportation carbon emissions efficiency are population size , income level , transport intensity , elements endowment , transportation structure and the level of energy- saving technology. Among these , the level of energy-saving technology has positive impact on efficiency , and others have negative impact on efficiency.


The term Langerhans−cell histiocytosis (formerly known as his− tiozytosis X, Abt−Letterer−Siwe−Syndrom, Morbus Hand−Schuel− ler−Christian, eosinophilic granuloma) encompasses a spectrum of diseases characterized by the neoplastic proliferation and in− filtration of organs by langerhans−cells. The aetiology and patho− genesis of LCH remains largely undefined. It is considered to re− present a clonal disease without definitive signs of malignancy. The incidence for children up to the age of 15 is 0,4/100000, the mean age of first manifestation in adults is 33 years. Definitive diagnosis requires the demonstration of CD1a antigenic determi− nants on the surface of lesional cells and/or the finding of Bier− beck granules in lesional cells by electron microscopy. The lead− ing symptoms are determined by the different organ manifesta− tions (80% bone, 60% skin, lung, liver, bone marrow, cerebral sys− tem, endocrinological symptoms). We report on the rare mani− festation of this disease in a female patient beyond her eighties.


NEAR the precinct of Apollon" Lairbenos in the Maeander gorge were found in 1887 several stelae formerly erected there, on each of which some individual had inscribed about 150-250 A.D. an account of personal atonement. In 1930 a few of these inscriptions were revised and a few more discovered; sixteen are now known, if we exclude small fragments. The artless ill-spelt documents are of two kinds: direct confessions with verbs in the first person singular, and narratives of atonement with verbs in the third person. The former kind reproduce the words uttered by the penitent, while the latter record the fact that penance was duly performed. Occasionally both kinds are combined; direct confession is accompanied by a narrative parenthesis or postscript. One of these inscriptions, that of Sophron, has hitherto defied complete decipherment, and even now that each letter is known the meaning is at first obscure. In the interpretation here attempted no liberties are taken with the text; peculiarities of spelling must be allowed for, but emendation would be sheer guessing. Can we give to the letters a reasonable sense ? Before seeking an answer let us examine (1) the place where these stelae stood, (2) the reason for their erection, and (3) the character of their inscriptions. 1. The sacred precinct, usually referred to as ' the estate' (TO xcoplov) or ' the village' (?} KM/JLT]), is also called


This paper presents the results of formative research on the design, implementation, and assessment of a strategy to transform the social practices regarding the right to childhood protection in the Colombian Caribbean region. To characterize the social practices regarding the right to childhood protection as well as the cognitions and social norms that support them, on the part of the boys, girls, teenagers, parental figures and teachers in the Atlantic region.The study used focus groups with boys, girls, teenagers, parental figures, and teachers to identify both the social practices linked to this right and the cognitions and social norms that support these practices. The information was processed by performing a content analysis with Atlas.ti software (version 7, Scientific Software Development GmbH, Berlin, Germany).The results obtained for all populations indicate that there are social conventions that underpin the social practices that jeopardize the right to childhood protection. For this reason, e...


Complete nonlinear analysis is carried out for cyclically loaded reinforced concrete (RC) beams made of normal‐ and high‐strength concrete. The loading stage covers not only the pre‐peak stage but also the post‐peak stage in particular. The analysis is based on a numerical method that employs the actual stress–strain curves and takes into account the stress‐path dependence of concrete and steel reinforcement. The complete nonlinear behavior of RC beams under both non‐reversed and reversed cyclic loading is studied based on the moment–curvature relationship obtained. Generally, the response under cyclic loading is found to be dependent on the loading path in bending. The variation of neutral axis depth is different for under‐ and over‐reinforced sections during cyclic loading. The Bauschinger effect of steel reinforcement is insignificant for non‐reversed cyclic loading but notable for reversed cyclic loading, especially when the loading extends into the post‐peak stage. The beneficial effects of concrete tension stiffening are only observed at the service stage and are more significant for under‐reinforced RC beams than over‐reinforced ones. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Solid-state data storage is becoming a widely accepted technology and is looking for new ways to provide cost-effective solutions across various information systems. Solid-state drives (SSDs), existing in different types and models, have several sustainable features: storage, dimensions, volume, etc. Due to the wide range of attributes, designing a robust method can easily select from the purchaser/retailer/wholesaler point of view. This work offers a joint multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) to rank SSD alternatives, and a newly developed approach, namely Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to the Compromise Solution (MARCOS) technique, is utilised, and a comparative investigation has also been achieved with other MCDM methods. Data of separate SSDs have been collected from the Indian market with twenty-six different models of eleven brands. The Bonferroni operator (BFO) allocates and compiles the objective weights using the Entropy weights technique (EWT), the Criteria Importance through Inter criteria Correlation (CRITIC) and the Method based on the Removal Effects of Criteria (MEREC). The sensitivity analysis using objective weights considering 18 scenarios was performed, and analysis with the Standard deviation shows that the joint MCDM possesses high accuracy and robustness. The results achieved have been tested with Spearman's rank and Wojciech-Salabun (WS) coefficient, and the first rank goes to SSD-7. The presented results benefit the manufacturers to understand the market requirement better and for the consumer to make a wise decision while purchasing SSD. It also offers future scope for applying the proposed methodology in similar areas, social sciences and engineering, to make complex decisions.


SUMMARY In the theory of statistical tolerance regions, as usually presented in frequentist terms, there are inherent difficulties of formulation, development and interpretation. The present paper re-examines the basic problem from a Bayesian point of view and suggests that such an approach provides a set of widely applicable, mathematically tractable tools, often more tailored to the requirements of users than the corresponding frequentist tools. For the one-dimensional case, Bayesian intervals are quoted for a number of standard distributions and prior densities, and the customary feature of a Bayesian analysis-that special prior densities give rise to standard frequentist results -is briefly demonstrated. A problem which seems to be of greater practical significance, namely the selection of an optimum tolerance region from a set of possible tolerance regions, is also investigated and the overwhelming advantages of the Bayesian approach are indicated. IN this paper the term Bayesian refers to any use or user of prior densities on a parameter space, with the associated application of Bayes's theorem, in the analysis of a statistical problem. The term frequentist applies to any analysis or analyst of the


Abstract Debate over school choice is central to many discussions of public elementary and secondary educational reform. The debate has largely focused on conceptual arguments rather than careful empirical research that attempts to sort out competing claims. An important unresolved issue is the question of "cream skimming": Who will move and who will be left behind as a result of enhanced school choice? This paper uses data from the National Educational Longitudinal Survey (NELS:88) to estimate a model of public–private school choice which is used to simulate who would likely leave public schools as a result of enhanced private school choice. Building upon the work of K. Train et al. (1987, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 69, 383–391), we employ a probit model with latent explanatory variables to account for the unobserved attitudes of parents and their children regarding education. The model allows us to consider such latent interests in education, as well as the academic and socioeconomic characteristics of those students who would likely switch to private schools. Our findings indicate that concerns about "bright flight" or academic cream skimming in response to increased school choice appear to be overstated. However, we estimate that there would be substantially more economic and racial segregation of students, as movers tend to be white and have higher incomes than those who are left behind.


The purpose of this research is to find outThe Influence of Workload and Work Stress on Employee Performance at Pt Asuransi Jasa Tania TbkIn 2021, the number of the Company's employees will be185 people. The following table below presents information regarding the composition of the Company's employees by gender, position and age. In 2021, the number of the Company's employees is 185 people. Based on research conducted at PT Asuransi Jasa Tania, Tbk Pekanbaru, it can be concluded that workload has an effect and is significant on the performance of employees of PT Asuransi Jasa Tania, Tbk, Work Stress has no effect and is not significant on employee performance at PT Asuransi Jasa Tania, Tbk. Workload and workload have a significant and significant effect on employee performance at PT Asuransi Jasa Tania, Tbk. These results explain that the dependent variable, namely performance (Y), can be explained by the independent variable, namely workload ( X1) and work stress (X2) with a value of 64


Baiyun Cave in the Kongshan Mountain is a cave which developed mostly in thick-layer oolitic limestone of the Middle Cambrain Zhangxia Formation in the Quaternary period. The spatial distribution of the karst cave was cotrolled by the NNW, NE and near-EW faults. The karst cave system consists of three layers, includes mainly hall type and corridor type, within which there are diversified sedimentary landscapes and corrosion landscapes, especially "Reticular helictite", "Jade-hairpin pointing at bottle", "Yin and yang jade columns" and many other special landscapes can hardly be found in other karst caves. Influenced by the strong tectonic activities since the Quaternary period, the cave collapsed several times, and landscapes within the cave have been seriously damaged. Study on the landscape formation of karst caves and influence of cave environment changes on its landscape development will contribute to the reasonable development and protection of tourist resources in the cave.


Necrotic dermatitis, popularly known as avian cellulitis stands out as the cause of the disposal of carcasses in abattoirs all over the world. The manifestation of this infirmity is related to several factors including the conditions of production such as nutrition, management, health and environment. Escherichia coli has been the bacteria most commonly associated to cellulitis and it is present in high quantity in broiler litters of aviaries. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of IMPACT – P® on the Escherichia coli population reduction and its result on the control of avian cellulitis. On the first experiment we used Escherichia coli plate counts on the times 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the treatment on the litters. On the second experiment, we evaluated the score of cellulitis lesions on inoculated broiler chickens with litters treated with IMPACT – P® and non-treated litters. The summing of IMPACT – P® was capable to extensively reduce the amount of Escherichia coli on the chicken litters after 24 hours of contact. The effect also prevented in a significant way the occurrence of cellulitis in chickens exposed to pathogenic Escherichia col


The availability of high-resolution spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data coupled with the ongoing refinement of tomographic SAR (TomoSAR) technology has made use of radar data feasible for preventive monitoring and assessment of built structures. In this study, we first applied extended differential TomoSAR (D-TomoSAR) to a set of 26 scenes of TerraSAR/TanDEM-X (TSX/TDX) (2013–2015) and 32 scenes of Cosmo-SkyMed (CSK) (2015–2017) images to estimate motions of skyscrapers, bridges and historical monuments in Nanjing City, China. The calculation and isolation of unknown parameters in the D-TomoSAR model, including linear velocity, thermal dynamics and structural heights, helped to estimate millimetric statistics of motion time series. Then, aforementioned two SAR datasets were tentatively tested using amplitude dispersion and phase stability indicators, highlighting the performance and sensitivity of X-band SAR in structural displacement monitoring. Experimental results demonstrated that motion indexes, e.g., heterogeneities of thermal amplitudes and spatiotemporal displacements, were useful to evaluate the conditions of built structures being monitored, in particular when their structural topology were visible owing to the enhanced density of persistent scatterer (PS) measurements. This study implies the value of high-resolution D-TomoSAR tools in the preventive monitoring and health diagnosis of built structures elsewhere over the world.


Abstract : Developments in information operations have provoked considerable debate in legal circles and corresponding concerns among operational commanders over the legal framework to be applied to information warfare. Initially, some U.S. government lawyers suggested the application of modern information systems technology to military purposes was so new that no law applied. However, as lawyers and war fighters began to work with the rapidly emerging technology it was recognized that many traditional military activities included under the umbrella term of "information operations" were actually physical attacks on information systems by traditional military means. Applying international law to information operations involving physical attacks is less difficult for commanders and their lawyers because the laws regulating traditional military operations have been reasonably well settled by treaties and through the customary practice of States.


From his social dimension, human is bound to the responsibilities for other lives. The existence of it expresses that human has spirit to priority the common good. Due to having spirit to prioritize the common good in living the life, all human activities refer to the good and welfare upon every person. Corporate Social Responsibility as one of human activity in the corporate becomes the manifestation of corporate's comity to concern their stakeholders common good. The purpose of this study is to discuss CSR in the light of common good. This study used qualitative method and common good principle as a tool for analysis data. The result of this study stated that services to the community and natural conservation are values which base CSR in the light of common good. The implementation of CSR is concreted in serving the community and protecting the environment. Serving the community likes profit achievement, creating jobs, creating conducive social conditions in the corporate, creating a system to deliver the information of business activities, empowering the community members, taking part in infrastructure facilities building. Protecting the environment includes natural environment, living environment and work environment. Keywords: CSR, Common good, Serving the community, Protecting the environment


This subject guide has been created to help you with your History research This page describes how to use the Library webpage to conduct research.


Mesophyll protoplasts and bundle sheath cells were prepared by enzymatic digestion of leaves of Alternanthera tenella, a C 3 -C 4 intermediate species. The intercellular distribution of selected photosynthetic, photorespiratory and respiratory (mitochondrial) enzymes in these meso-phyll and bundle sheath cells was studied. The activity levels of photosynthetic enzymes such as PEP carboxylase (EC 22.214.171.124) or NAD-malic enzyme (EC 126.96.36.199) and photorespiratory enzymes such as glycolate oxidase (EC 184.108.40.206) or NADH-hydroxypyruvate reductase (EC 220.127.116.11) were similar in the two cell types. The activity levels of mitochondrial TCA cycle enzymes such as citrate synthase (EC 188.8.131.52) or fumarase (EC 22.214.171.124) were 2- to 3-fold higher in bundle sheath cells. On the other hand, the activity levels of mitochondrial photorespiratory enzymes, namely glycine decarboxylase (EC 18.104.22.168) and serine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 220.127.116.11), were 6-9-fold higher in bundle sheath cells than in mesophyll protoplasts. Such preferential localization of mitochondria enriched with the glycine-decarboxylating system in the inner bundle sheath cells would result in efficient refixa-tion of CO 2 from not only photorespiration but also dark respiration before its exit from the leaf. We propose that predominant localization of mitochondria specialized in glycine decarboxylation in bundle sheath cells may form the basis of reduced photorespiration in this C 3 -C 4 intermediate species.


The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has attracted increasing attentions for its potential of enhancing driving safety and traffic efficiency. The Multi-hop broadcast is one of the important techniques for time-sensitive data dissemination especially in emergent cases. As a result, how to wisely select the next-hop during Multi-hop routing plays an important role for performance improvement in IoV as well as dependent applications. Nevertheless, in view of the high mobility, frequent changing topology and complicated channel environment, a hazardous and thoughtless selection of the next-hop is easy to make, thus leading undesirable results. To deal with this issue, in this paper, a probabilistic broadcasting protocol for emergent message dissemination (BP-EMD) in Urban IoV is proposed. As the selection guidance for relaying node, the weighted probability is envisioned for each potential relay candidate, which is the combination of distance, link availability and packet reception ratio. After that, the node with the greatest weighted probability has been given the highest priority to relay the packet. In case that the selected relay node fails the forwarding, the other nodes available for relay will assist to disseminate the packet. In this way, the transmission reliability of the emergent messages is significantly guaranteed. Numerical results indicate that our BP-EMD can achieve higher broadcasting efficiency and less redundancy with less delivery latency, average transmission numbers and average End-to-End delay, as well as high packets delivery ratio and dissemination efficiency, compared with some classical multi-hop broadcasting protocols.


E. Waymouth Reid, who retired from the Chair of Physiology at University College, Dundee, University of St Andrews, in 1935, after forty-six years' service, died on 10 March 1948 at the age of eighty-five. He was born 11 October 1862 in Canterbury, the fourth son of a surgeon there, James Reid, F.R.C.S. He was educated at Sutton Vallance Grammar School, gaining eventually a Classical Scholarship to Cambridge. He matriculated at Cambridge University in 1879. In 1882 he gained a first class in Part I of the Natural Science Tripos and in 1883 a first class in Part II. During the period 1882-1883 he also acted as one of the demonstrators in the Department of Anatomy. He then decided to qualify in medicine and in 1883 he joined St Bartholomew's Hospital, graduating in medicine in 1885. He early showed his interest in electrical reactions,, being appointed assistant 'electrician' at St Bartholomew's in 1885. The same year he was elected to a Demonstratorship in Physiology at St Mary's Hospital under A. D. Waller and in 1887 was promoted to the post of Assistant Lecturer in Physiology. Reid, during the period he was at St Mary's, carried out in conjunction with Waller a most interesting investigation on the electrical activity of the excised mammalian heart. This investigation must have been one of the earliest pieces of research in electrocardiography in this country. His interest in physico-chemical reactions was also manifested early as in 1887 he devised a useful recording osmometer. In 1889 Reid was elected, at the early age of twenty-seven, as the first holder of the newly created Chair of Physiology at University College, Dundee, where he joined a stimulating and enthusiastic band of colleagues including Geddes, D'Arcy Thompson and Ewing. Reid was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1898 and in 1904 gained the Sc.D. of his old University. The University of St Andrews conferred on him the degree of LL.D. when he retired from his Chair.


An attachment theory perspective of mentoring is presented to explain the degree of functionality of a mentor—protégé formal match in an organizational setting. By focusing on Bowlby's (1969/1982) behavioral system of attachment and its triarchic taxonomy of secure, avoidant, and anxious-ambivalent attachment, previous conceptualizations are expanded by illuminating relational concepts that mentors and supervisors could use to facilitate employee learning and development. A short attachment style assessment and a mentor—protégé(e) attachment style pairing guide are presented.


The data used in this research are primary data used by distributing questionnaires or questionnaires to customers and CV ANDAKU CONVECTION IN Lumajang Regency. The population in this research is 60 customers and employees. The sampling technique using saturated samples is to use the entire study population as a research sample. The data is processed in the form of numerical data (numbers) using a Likert scale. Methods of data collection in this study were interviews, questionnaires and literature studies. Data is processed using SPSS 21 for Windows. The method of analyzing data using quantitative methods is by using multiple linear regression analysis.The results of the study prove that the three variables namely Setrategi promotion, Price and Satisfaction have a significant influence on the dependent variable, namely Employee Productivity and Customers On. CV. ANDAKU CONVECTION IN Lumajang Regency. The biggest significant influence on employee productivity at CV. ANDAKU CONVECTION IN Lumajang Regency. is on promotional variables with beta standard coefficient of 0.030 then followed by price variables with beta coefficients of 0.760 then satisfaction variables with beta coefficients of 0.61 then followed by consumer loyalty with beta coefficient of 1.666. From the results of the analysis it can be concluded that incentives are the dominant factor that has the greatest influence on the productivity of work of employees and customers in the CV. ANDAKU CONVECTION IN Lumajang Regency.


Abstract: Studies of the HI in galaxies have clearly shown that subtle details of the HI distribution and kinematics often harbour key information for understanding the structure and evolution of galaxies. Evidence for the accretion of material has grown over the past many years and clear signatures can be found in HI observations of galaxies. We have obtained new detailed and sensitive HI synthesis observations of three nearby galaxies which are suspected of capturing small amounts of HI and show that indeed accretion of small amounts of gas is taking place in these galaxies. This could be the same kind of phenomenon of material infall as observed in the stellar streams in the halo and outer parts of our galaxy and M31


One of the major challenges facing accounting education is the creation of a learning environment that promotes high‐quality learning. Comparative research across disciplines offers educators the opportunity to gain a better understanding of the influence of contextual and personal variables on students' learning approaches. Using the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST), this study examines the learning approaches of 329 first‐year accounting students and 275 first‐year science students at an Irish university. The analysis reveals that the accounting students are more strategic than the science students, while the science students are more inclined to adopt a deep approach than the accounting students. There was no significant difference in the scores of the two groups on the surface scale. An examination of the variation in the learning environments of the accounting and science students identifies the teaching approach, the level of continuous assessment, students' motivations for choosing their degree programme, and their prior learning experiences as possible factors contributing to the differences in the approaches to learning adopted by both groups. The article concludes by considering the implications of these findings for educators, and suggests avenues for further research.


Price is arguably the most vital and important influence on the positioning of the product and its growth and hence has a direct impact on the volume of the sale of the product and share in the market. If put to the right and thoughtful use, effective pricing can earn a business organization a major and sustained share in a given market. A marketing manager can also maintain resale price of his product, maximize profit and achieve the targeted return on investment. As we know, price of any product can directly influence the demand factor and other factors of production of a product directly. Price fixation of any product is not simple and it depends upon several factors like product cost, availability of substitutes, demand, market share, and geographic factors and so on. Keeping all the factors which have direct and indirect bearing on consumer behavior, we have studied the responses of 1300 bike owners in the 9 districts of coastal Andhra Pradesh. Keeping the fixation of price of a product in view, the manufacturer has to think over the price of the product at four levels .i.e. reasonable price, high price, low price and resale value of the product and hence we have taken into consideration of the above said parameters to know their influence on the behavior of two wheeler owners and studied their attitude.  Keywords: Consumer Behavior, Value of the Product, Demographic Profile


Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is considered to have a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Recent experimental observations that anti‐VEGF neutralizing antibody fully abolished the hyperfiltration and the increase in urinary albumin excretion suggested the contribution of VEGF to the development of diabetic nephropathy, as well. Here, we present a case of POEMS (Crow–Fukase) syndrome with Type 2 diabetes, which was associated with elevated plasma VEGF level, but no sign of diabetic nephropathy. The findings obtained from this case did not support the hypothesis that VEGF may enhance the development of diabetic nephropathy.


The traumatic knee dislocation is a rare emergency trauma and severe because of its vascular complications in particular. The AVP, unfortunately common in our country, are the main cause. We must not forget to look for the vascular lesions and treat them in time to not threaten the life of the member. Then the treatment of ligament injuries, whether orthopedic or surgery. Our work is a retrospective study of 14 cases collected for trauma orthopedics wing (IV) CHU Ibn Rochd of Casablanca between 1998 and 2008. We tried to stress the importance of early diagnosis of vascular lesions for surgery urgent repairs and insist on that the therapeutic principles ensuring for victim the best chance of functional recovery.


When two metal films stack together forming "hetero-film", it has been generally accepted that effective transparency is lower than the respective metal film as a result of the absorption accumulation. Here, we report a counterintuitive phenomenon where transparency of a hetero-film is significantly higher compared to the original metal film1. Specifically, we found that by layering one-atom-thick graphene on an aluminum (Al) film, the transparency of the Al film is dramatically increased from ~60% to 80% under 550 nm wavelength light. Due to the counter-intuitive observation, we anticipate this work will benefit the community in fundamental understanding and reliable utilization of graphene and Al interactions.


To solve the problem of diagnosis of multiple sequential faults, [16] have developed the Generalized Likelihood Ratio (GLR) test. After each detection and isolation of one jump, the treatment of another possible jump is obtained by a direct state estimate and covariance incrementation of the Kalman filter originally designed on the jump-free system. With this updating strategy, the rate of good decisions is not guaranted to be maximized. To solve this problem, the proposed active GLR test will be based on a reference model updated on line after each detection and isolation of one jump. An illustrative example shows the performance of the proposed approach.


We introduce the process of combining AutoCAD and robot of survey and GPS technique in constrction survey of Changsha Binjiang culture park.The aim of saving cost and time is achieved and the accuracy is high enough to meet the construction requirements.


Caleb E. Wurth et al., Defining Sieving Methods Used to Determine and Express Fineness of Feed Materials, Kansas State University, October 2010.


The technological development achieved allows for minimum access surgeries that previously required large incisions with high morbidity and trauma for the patient. Along with the development of technical means and instruments for this type of surgery, anesthesiology also had to face new challenges. Monitoring, drug and anesthetic management of patient unchanged, because although the new incidence of complications from the standpoint of surgery, material changes in hemodynamic respiratory parameters, due to insufflation of the peritoneal cavity with CO2 increased intra-abdominal pressure and changes of position during the procedure. (Rev Horiz Med 2012; 12(3): 45-51)


From the point of view of the modern methodology of teaching Russian as a means of intercultural communication, it is hard to overstate the significance of the linguistic and cultural dictionary today. However, in order to ensure greater efficiency of the educational process, there is a need in creating a linguocultural dictionary, which takes into account both the specifics of the teaching process and the experience accumulated by educational lexicography over the years. It should be noted that an increasingly significant role is given today not to teaching a certain "abstract foreigner", when special attention is drawn to the uniqueness of the studied language (in our case Russian), but to the national and cultural characteristics of the non-native speaker addressee (the learner) which may influence the process of mastering a new linguistic culture. Thus, we are dealing with the so-called "nationally oriented" teaching/learning process which takes into account the national culture of the addressee. At the same time, previously published dictionaries, being in fact universal, fail to take into account either the needs or the characteristics of the specific learner. In our case, a Vietnamese student mastering Russian as a means of intercultural communication. However, as noted above, numerous examples from teaching not only Russian but other foreign languages too allow us to conclude that nationally-oriented teaching aids, which take into consideration the specific features of the national mentality of the are able to affect the efficiency of the educational process in a much more positive way.


The paper examines the economic crisis in the Soviet Union and in this context analyses why arms control was so important from the Soviet point of view. It further discusses the organic relationship between disarmament and development, and rounds of with a case for conversion of Soviet military economy. The 'administered' economy of the Soviet Union was in glaring contrast to the 'market economies of the West. Unlike the Soviet-type command economy, the Western capitalist economy had capital-intensive production, private proprietorship, competition between firms, production for the market and global reach.


We report on the present status of the resonant gravitational waves detectors EXPLORER and NAUTILUS operated by the ROG collaboration at CERN and at the INFN Prascati National Laboratories respectively. EXPLORER has been operating in continuous data taking for three years. NAUTILUS during 2002 underwent a partial overhaul of its read-out electronics. The results obtained since May 2003 show a considerable improvement in the performances of the apparatus. Both the detectors exhibit an unprecedented useful bandwidth: in over 30 Hz their spectral sensitivities are better than 10~/ \/Hz with a duty cycle only limited by cryogenic operations.


As we complete forty years of independence in our subcontinent, a certain set of questions has been put tome: How irrevocable has been the Partition, in cultural and social terms? Have India and Pakistan, the two sovereign states that arose out of the crucible of 1947, continued to possess a unified civilizational ethos and a shared cultural matrix? Or, has Pakistan forged for itself a suffi ciently different self-definition to enable us to speak of a cultural iden tity markedly different than that of India? These questions involve, I believe, two rather separate issues, one of Identity and another of Dif ference, which ought not be confused. If the question is posed in terms of difference, both from the shared experience of the pre-colonial and colonial periods as well as the direc tions of Indian development since 1947, one would have to say that al though all sorts of similarities, of memory and sensibility, aspiration and perception, persist to a very remarkable degree, Pakistan now also pos sesses certain cultural specificities which are the peculiar product of the past forty years Time alone has taken its toll. More than half the population has been born since the Partition and thus has no direct experience, no per sonal memory of the multi-religious, civilizationally composite culture of which their elders might speak. The patterns of migrations were such that a great many Muslims stayed in India, but few Hindus stayed in Pakistan, especially the post-1971 Pakistan of today. Most Pakistanis have simply never seen a Hindu, so that whatever antagonism or love might be there is fundamentally abstract in character. Except for those few who might have relatives across the border, India is a series of rumours: the Amritsar television, the Bombay movies, the cricket team, the Red Fort, the land of Hindu-Muslim riots, the land of mon soons and sarees and silver, the land from which, their TV sets tell them,


This article examines the evolution of competition law cases in the context of the Indian pharmaceutical industry. The Competition Commission of India and Competition Appellate Tribunal of India are two of the most important emerging institutions in guiding firm behaviour and competition in modern India. Together with other institutions, it is important that their activities are guided by economic reasoning, which for the most part, they seem to be doing. This article was a short attempt in highlighting their status as of today. Our data and analysis, which for the first time assembles historical information and demonstrates heterogeneities in behaviours and outcomes therein, should provide a starting point to conduct more fine-grained analysis on the evolution of competition law cases in the Indian pharmaceutical sector and more broadly across the economy.


A remarkable specimen of a compound trace fossil in Pennsylvanian sandstone comprises three very different ichnotaxa in conjunction: Protovirgularia dichotoma, Lockeia siliquaria and Lophoctenium isp. The combined activities represented by these ichnotaxa reflect the locomotion, resting and feeding behavior of a cleft-foot, protobranch clam (bivalve) that burrowed through the sediment, paused five times to deposit-feed, and then burrowed on to a new location, possibly as a reaction to a depositional event. It is estimated that the complete trace fossil was made in 24 hours or less. The three ichnotaxa also provide morphologic details of the bivalve's shell and soft parts (foot and labial palps).


Infections can be triggered by a wide range of pathogens. However, there are few strains of bacteria that cause illness, but some are quite life-threatening. Likewise, viral infections are responsible for many human diseases, usually characterized by high contagiousness. Hence, as bacterial and viral infections can both cause similar symptoms, it can be difficult to determine the exact cause of a specific infection, and this limitation is critical. However, recent scientific advances have geared us up with the proper tools required for better diagnoses. Recent discoveries have confirmed the involvement of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating the pathogenesis of certain bacterial or viral infections. Moreover, the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is also known as a common infection trait that can be used to achieve a more complete description of such pathogen-driven conditions. Thus, this opens further research opportunities, allowing scientists to explore infection-associated genetic patterns and develop better diagnosis and treatment methods. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the implication of ncRNAs and ROS in bacterial and viral infections, with great emphasis on their symmetry but, also, on their main differences.


Discussion forums provide a channel for students to engage with peers and course material outside of class, accessible even to commuter and non-traditional populations. As such, forums can build classroom community as well as aid learning, but students do not always take up these tools. We use network analysis to compare three semesters of forum logs from an introductory calculus-based physics course. The networks show dense structures of collaboration that differ significantly between semesters, even though aggregate participation statistics remain steady. After characterizing network structure for each semester, we correlate centrality with final course grade. Finally, we use a backbone extraction procedure to clean up "noise" in the network and clarify centrality/grade correlations. We find that network centrality is positively linked with course success in the two semesters with denser forum networks, and is a more reliable indicator than non-network measures such as post count. Backbone extraction destroys these correlations, suggesting that the "noise" is in fact signal and further analysis of the discussion transcripts is required.


Summary Values for total sulfur content of the rat adrenal gland and its protein, lipid and water-soluble moieties have been determined. The total sulfur as determined (0.63% of the dry weight) is much lower than previously reported values. Adrenal glands were incubated briefly with radioactive cysteine and the tissue was then analyzed for total uptake of the isotope and its distribution within the fractions. The effect of added adrenocorticotropin upon this uptake and distribution was observed. The hormone preparation causes a marked reduction in uptake by the soluble fraction, and a rise in the uptake by the lipid and protein fractions. The concentration of the isotope in the lipid sulfur is very striking.


The purpose of this paper is to solve a special class of combinational games consisting of two-pile counter pickup games for which the maximum number of counters that can be removed on each successive move changes during the play of the games. Two players alternate moving. Each player in his turn first chooses one of the piles, and his choice of piles can change from move to move. He then removes counters from this chosen pile. A function f : Z + ! Z + is given which determines the maximum size of the next move in terms of the current move size. The game ends as soon as one of the two piles is empty, and the winner is the last player to move in the game. The games for which f(k) = k, f(k) = 2k, and f(k) = 3k use the same formula for computing the smallest winning move size. Here we find all the functions f for which this formula works, and we also give the winning strategy for each function. See [7] for a discussion of the single pile game.