A hands‐on student project aimed at identifying an acoustics problem and correcting it was undertaken during a special 2‐day period set aside by the Clemson University College of Architecture to encourage innovative learning methods. The exercise combined acoustics theory and problem definition with architectural design response and testing of the solution. The pastor of a local church was concerned that worshipers had difficulty hearing sermons. Examination of the sanctuary space revealed that speech intelligibility was being degraded by reverberation and long‐delayed sound reflections. In situ experimentation led to the conclusion by students that a canopy could control sound emanating from the pulpit and effectively direct it toward the congregation. Following the exploration of alternate student designs, a final canopy model was constructed at full scale and placed over the pulpit for testing purposes. Before and after measurements with a portable meter measuring the speech transmission index [T. Houtgast and H. J. M. Steeneken, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 77, 1069–1077 (1985)] revealed that listening conditions in the church improved significantly with the installation of the canopy. Similar findings emerged from surveys of church members conducted during the period of time the canopy remained in place.A hands‐on student project aimed at identifying an acoustics problem and correcting it was undertaken during a special 2‐day period set aside by the Clemson University College of Architecture to encourage innovative learning methods. The exercise combined acoustics theory and problem definition with architectural design response and testing of the solution. The pastor of a local church was concerned that worshipers had difficulty hearing sermons. Examination of the sanctuary space revealed that speech intelligibility was being degraded by reverberation and long‐delayed sound reflections. In situ experimentation led to the conclusion by students that a canopy could control sound emanating from the pulpit and effectively direct it toward the congregation. Following the exploration of alternate student designs, a final canopy model was constructed at full scale and placed over the pulpit for testing purposes. Before and after measurements with a portable meter measuring the speech transmission index [T. Hout...


A promoter which frequently appears before its associated gene in DNA sequence governs the expression of genes. In order to locate a gene in a given sequence, researchers have to find the location of a promoter. Thus, the problem of promoter identification is of major importance within biology. So this issue is still open. In this study, we employ ANN (Artificial Neural Network) classifier to predict promoters of DNA sequences, and evaluate their performances. The obtained results show that the classifier competes the existing techniques for identifying promoter regions.


BACKGROUND: Silent neuritis is defined as deterioration of the neural function without neural pain, in contrast to overt neuritis, characterized by pain in the peripheral nerve that may accompany damage to neural function. Its early detection is important to prevent the development of leprosy disabilities. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the frequency of silent neuritis in multibacillary leprosy patients. METHODS: One hundred and three patients (18.4% BB, 47.6% BL and 34% LL) were followed-up for an average of 64.6 months from diagnosis, during and after multidrug therapy, in relation to physical impairments and according to a disability grade. RESULTS: Patients that presented a worsening of the disability grade by the end of treatment or at the end of follow-up compared to the baseline grade or to the end of treatment, were studied. Altogether we detected five patients (4.9% of the total) that developed silent neuritis, during or after multidrug therapy. CONCLUSION: We recommend a careful regular neurological examination of multibacillary patients, with a view to prompt detection and treatment of silent neuritis.


A new concept regarding to the GPS/INS integration, based on artificial intelligence here is presented. Most integrated inertial navigation systems (INS) and global positioning systems (GPS) have been implemented using the Kalman filtering technique with its drawbacks related to the need for predefined INS error model and observability of at least four satellites. Most recently, an INS/GPS integration method using a hybridadaptive network based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) has been proposed in literature. During the availability of GPS signal, the ANFIS is trained to map the error between the GPS and the INS. Then it will be used to predict the error of the INS position components during GPS signal blockage. As ANFIS will be employed in real time applications, the change in the system parameters (e.g., the number of membership functions, the step size, and step increase and decrease rates) to achieve the minimum training error during each time period is automated. This paper introduces a genetic optimization algorithm that is used to update the ANFIS parameters with the INS/GPS error function used as the objective function to be minimized. The results demonstrate the advantages of the genetically optimized ANFIS for INS/GPS Integration in comparison with conventional ANFIS specially in the cases when facing satellites' outages. Coping with this problem plays an important role in assessment of the fusion approach in land navigation.


In this paper we consider a modification of the classical Fourier expansio n, whereby in ( 1, 1) the sinnx functions are replaced by sin�(n 1 )x, n � 1. This has a number of important advantages in the approximation of analytic, nonperiodic functions. In particular, expansion coefficients decay like O n 2 � , rather than like O n 1 � . We explore theoretical features of these modified Fourier expansions, prove suitable versions of Fej´


Electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes) generate an aerosol that contains metals. Little is known about the effects of device type and vaping patterns on metal exposure. The objectives of this study w...


Objectives: Our aim was to evaluate the role of inflammation-related genes in essential hypertension (EH) and blood pressure (BP) control. Methods: We analysed transcriptional activity of inflammatory mediator genes in EH patients and normotensive individuals using real-time PCR primer assays (SABiosciences, Qiagen, USA), and genotyped polymorphisms in 20 differentially expressed genes (IL10, IL1B, CXCR4, CXCR2, CCR5, CCR2, CX3CR1, CXCL1, CXCL8, IL12B, LTA, TNF, IL6, TNFRSF1A, CCL17, CCL2, CCL8, CCL16, CCL23, and CCL18) in the study group consisting of 737 men (274 patients with EH and 463 controls) of Tatar ethnic origin from the Republic of Bashkortostan (Russian Federation). We analysed association with EH and BP levels using logistic and linear regression models implemented in PLINK with age as covariate. Multilocus analysis was performed using APSampler program. FDR method was applied to adjust for multiple testing. Results: The most significant associations with EH were observed for CXCL13 rs355689*C allele (OR = 0.55, CI: 0.39–0.76, PFDR = 0.008, additive model) and CCL18 rs8073066*C allele (OR = 0.64, CI: 0.49–0.83, PFDR = 0.018, additive model). CXCL13 rs355689*C allele was associated with systolic (PFDR = 0.002, additive model) and diastolic (PFDR = 0.025, dominant model) BP levels. Multilocus analysis has revealed additional association of IL1B rs16944*T+ CXCL1 rs40748G +TNFRSF1A rs767455*G+ CCL2 rs991804*C (OR = 2.9, PFDR = 0.01) and CX3CR1 rs3732378*T+ CXCL13 rs355689*C + CCL17 rs223828*T (OR = 0.22, PFDR = 0.001) combinations with EH. Conclusion: Using expression profiling, we detected differential transcriptional activity of 20 inflammation-related genes in EH patients, and found the association of the two of them (CXCL13 and CCL18) with the EH risk. Our findings suggest the implication of chemokines in hypertension.


We show that the Navier-Stokes equation on connected sums of R 3 with rotationally symmetric metric is ill-posed in the finite energy setting. †Dedicated to Professor Guochun Wen on the occasion of his 75th birthday


In this highly interactive panel we will present and discuss a Usability Business Case for professional self-assessment dealing with the Politics of Usability. A usability business case is a hypothetical but realistic scenario that serves to illustrate points of great importance to usability professionals. Our usability business case will focus on the politics of usability: The fundamental rules that apply when attempting to sell or even evangelize usability in an organization. This panel is particularly important since preliminary tests of our business case with experienced usability professionals shows that the general familiarity with our key points is limited.


The observed precipitation was suggestive of abundant precipitation in upstream Qilian mountains and low precipitation in the downstream oasis and desert in an endorheic basin. However, precipitation in mountains generated from the recycled moisture over oasis and desert areas has rarely been studied. The climatological patterns of water vapor from 1980 to 2017 in the Qilian Mountain Region (QMR) and Hexi Corridor Region (HCR) were investigated by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim reanalysis dataset and the Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Application, Version 2 reanalysis dataset. The results suggest that the precipitable water content decreases from the adjacent to the mountain areas. There are two channels that transport water vapor from the HCR to the QMR in the low troposphere (surface—600 hPa), suggesting that parts of recycled moisture generated from evapotranspiration over the oasis and desert of the HCR is transported to the QMR, contributing to the abundant precipitation in the QMR. This indicates that the transport mechanism is probably because of the "cold and wet island effect" of the cryosphere in QMR. This is likely one of the essential mechanisms of the water cycle in endorheic river basins, which has rarely been reported.


Power industry worldwide has been identified as a major source of greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, many countries have started the implementation of emission trading schemes aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions by power stations. The Australian government aims to implement an emission trading schemes from 2010/2011. This scheme will greatly change the market perspective of the Australian National Electricity Market (NEM). A thorough understanding of the potential impact of emission trading is essential for market participants as well as energy market policy makers. In this paper, a targeted study of the NEM is presented to illustrate the impact on generation companies of different design choices regarding the free allocation of permits aspect of the proposed emission trading scheme. A recommendation is proposed to best promote reduction of emissions while minimizing the adverse impact on the electricity system, particularly on the generation companies.


The distribution and abundance of tonoplast intrinsic protein (c-TIP), a putative aquaporin which is abundant in the tonoplast of osmoregulated pulvinus motor cells, were determined in nodules of Glycine max (L.) Merr. using chemical fixation and immunolocaliza- tion. This protein was highly expressed in the tonoplast of the inner cortical cells of the nodules but poorly expressed in the vascular transfer cells and in infected cells. It is concluded that the diAerentiation of the inner cortical cells of the nodules like that of pulvinus motor cells, is accompanied by an increased expression of c-TIP. This result is consistent with our previous hypothesis that a reversible exchange of intercellular water by the inner cortical cells plays a role in the regulation of nodule conductance to O2 diAusion, and hence in subsequent N2-fixing activity.


In this paper a microstrip fed multi-band antenna is presented. The compact size of the antenna is 30 × 18 × 1.6 mm, which makes it pretty to mobile devices. The antenna consists of three half-ring patches. The measured return loss S11 ≤ -10 dB of multiband antenna is achieved at the frequency bands WiMAX (2500–2690 MHz), WiMAX (3400–3600 MHz), and WLAN (5.725–5.825 GHz). The measured performance of the antenna confirms its multiband operation and omnidirectional radiation pattern.


Abstract : The report summarizes research performed under the contract in the following areas: Magnetic relaxation studies and physical processes in masers; Pressure and electric field effects in magnetic resonance; Nonlinear optics.


264 Abstract— A critical step in fingerprint recognition is to skeletonize the fingerprint image for minutiae extraction. This process is referred to as "thinning" in image processing. Thinning is the main preprocessing stage in the fingerprint recognition process. The speed and reliability of the thinning process are important for the whole fingerprint identification system. To accelerate the thinning process, an improved fast thinning algorithm is proposed and implemented in MATLAB and on FPGA.


The timeliness of the papers submitted by Thilmany, Bond, Keeling Bond, Hardesty, Brown, and Miller is heightened by the fact that official tracking of direct farm sales has not kept pace with the sector's growing importance in the U.S. food system. Sales of nonedible or namental crops, which, according to Brown, may be among the most profitable crops sold at farmers markets, are excluded from the Census of Agriculture's direct farm market ing statistics, as are direct sales by produc ers to commercial and institutional customers (USDA, NASS 2004). Furthermore, official statistics fail to capture information about the relative importance of specific direct farm mar keting channels, such as farmers markets and community-supported agriculture (CSA). In the absence of more comprehensive national data, the authors contribute much to our col lective understanding of the direct farm mar keting sector by helping us better understand the composition of the sector's customer base, the benefits-and challenges-of various di rect marketing options, and the specific prod uct and service requirements needed to elicit customer interest and engagement. Perhaps the single most valuable contribu tion of these papers is the extent to which they articulate the financial rewards of direct marketing channels beyond the farmers mar ket arena. The rapid growth of U.S. farmers markets from 1,755 in 1994 to nearly 4,400 by 2006 (USDA, AMS 2006a) has prompted many market observers to regard farmers markets as the primary engine of direct farm marketing growth. Yet, current data indicate that the bulk of consumer demand for local food is actually being satisfied outside of farmers markets. Be tween 2002 and 2007, the U.S. market for lo cal foods reportedly jumped from $4 billion to $5 billion (Packaged Facts 2007), compared to estimated farmers market sales of only $1 bil lion during 2005 (USDA, AMS 2006b). Brown appropriately identifies both the ad vantages and disadvantages of farmers market participation for growers. On the positive side, farmers markets provide an excellent venue for smaller-scale growers to try their hand at direct marketing with minimal upfront in vestment, solicit ideas for product develop ment from customers, test new products, and obtain instantaneous feedback. However, the meager financial rewards from farmers mar kets, and to a lesser extent from CSAs, appear to discourage more widespread participation. Consequently, despite evidence provided by Thilmany that one-third of surveyed produce shoppers-largely heterogeneous with respect to demographics and income-are motivated to purchase local food products directly from growers because of perceived superiority in food safety and quality (even in comparison to organically labeled food), the growth poten tial of direct marketing channels appears to be circumscribed by two factors: (a) resistance to direct sourcing among the segments of house hold shoppers who place great importance on value and convenience; and (b) grower per ceptions of limited financial compensation. In this regard, Hardesty's work appears to be an excellent and timely response. By diversifying marketing strategies to include institutional and commercial customers, smaller growers gain the capacity to move larger volumes of product during peak supply periods, especially off-grade or smaller-sized product, while re taining their ability to reserve their highest value fresh products for direct market outlets. Such a strategy should provide a more stable and lucrative source of income for growers by extracting maximum value from production, while making supplies of local food more ac cessible to convenience-oriented shoppers. Nevertheless, as Hardesty astutely observes, the successful implementation of this strat egy will likely require additional grower collaboration and coordination to expand product availability and streamline delivery and ordering processes. Even highly motivated Debra Tropp is the Branch Chief for Farmers Market and Direct Marketing Research with the USDA Agricultural Marketing Service.


This paper expounds the concept and evaluation indicators of ESG and discusses the impact of ESG evaluation indicators on the expected future cash flow and discount rate in the enterprise valuation model, which is helpful for asset evaluation professionals to conduct enterprise value evaluation more scientifically.


Formation enthalpies of (001) surfaces terminating ordered Ga0.5ln0.5P and GaAs0.5Sb0.5 alloys were calculated using the VFF model. For several or- dered phases, chemically ordered surfaces were found to be stable against surface segregation. In particular, even phases unstable against bulk segre- gation may be terminated by a stable surface.


Cyanotic nephropathy is a type of renal impairment, occurring due to chronic exposure to hypoxia, seen in unoperated cases of cyanotic congenital heart diseases (CCHDs). Due to a paucity of the literature and lack of general awareness of this condition, many times, the occurrence of this nephropathy is left untreated, leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The mortality rate is 51% in children who suffer from CCHD with CKD. Here, we report a case of an 11-year-old male child with tetralogy of Fallot (unoperated), requiring repeated admissions for breathlessness. An incidental finding of proteinuria on multiple admission was further investigated. The patient had hemoconcentration with deranged renal function tests, [hypoalbuminemia (2.2 gm/dl), serum creatinine 3.4 mg/dl, eGfR 16.28, and urine protein:creatinine ratio 3.95]. USG KUB done reported a bilateral medicorenal disease with a complete loss of corticomedullary differentiation. The patient already had Stage IV CKD at the time of presentation and expired 8 months after diagnosis.


The research was to study about network of TO BE NUMBER ONE clubs. This qualitative research was aimed to study the encouragement towards qualitative and effectiveness of network of TO BE NUMBER ONE clubs. Data collection was conducted with 30 respondents by purposive sampling were club chairman, person who responsible to TO BE NUMBER ONE, club members, and representatives from various sectors including; private sector, education institute sector, community sector, as well as committee in provincial, additional data collection was classified into 2 parts, firstly; reviewing data of club performance, secondly; conducting field data by using In-depth interview in a bid to disclose moral support, attitude of interviewee as semi-structured interview in terms of informal manner so as to accordance with research objectives Result of this research found that all sectors were likely operated this project under the same as strategy and leader vision that would always strongly emphasize encouraging on children and youth activity and enhanced participations among members in order to have certainly sustainable, moreover there was an individual competency assessment and leader performing had high performance under 12 components of YASOTON MODEL with 3 strategies towards its development by and providing duties to comfort monitoring project and be able to proceed related to staff turnover. With regard to effectiveness, there were strengthening points, commitments, concrete goals in all relevant agencies that nowadays Yasothon TO BE NUMBER ONE club had a great successful with a highest price national level that so called " TO BE NUMBER ONE standardized group aims for prime diamond" Key words: Network Development of TO BE NUMBER ONE club


This book is a welcome addition to the slowly growing body of scholarship on the various streams of Strict and Particular Baptist churches. It does not cover all Strict Baptists, only those associa...


The fabrication of nanostructures by biomolecules is proposed. The process utilises biotemplated biomineralisation of inorganic materials and self-assembly, termed the 'bio–nano process' (BNP). Artificial proteins are designed to construct functional nanometric structures in combination with top–down miniaturisation technologies. Genetically modified cage-shaped proteins, ferritin and deoxyribonucleic acid-binding protein from starved cells, are the most studied biotemplates for the BNP. The inner cavity is used as a spatially restricted chamber for the synthesis of homogeneous metal, metal-complex and semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs). Proteins with NP cores are delivered onto specific substrate locations or carbon nanotube surfaces by electrostatic interaction or specific binding peptides. These NPs realise a variety of functions such as charge storage nodes for floating gate memory, catalysts for carbon nanotube growth, quantum wells in heterogeneous junctions and nanoetching masks. Cage-shaped protein...


Accumulative evidence shows that follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is associated with metabolic disorders. We aimed to ascertain the relationship between FSH, blood glucose and lipid metabolism in general perimenopausal women.


An accurate on-wafer cryogenic measurement system is presented for empirical millimeter-wave device studies of In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As HEMTs. Multi-line TRL calibrations are performed to provide traceable baseline results for cryogenic S-parameter measurements. This technique is then applied to develop wide frequency band small-signal models for HEMTs with In channel composition varied from 22% to 70%.<<ETX>>


BACKGROUND
A major goal in retroviral-based gene therapy is to establish methods that allow for selection and tracking of transduced cell populations. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) may be useful for gene therapy applications because it is a naturally fluorescent protein that can be detected using conventional flow cytometers facilitating rapid analysis and purification of transduced cell populations. However, it is unknown whether GFP can be stably expressed in vivo, particularly in multiple bone marrow-derived cell lineages.

METHODS
A murine retrovirus carrying the gene encoding GFP was used to infect murine bone marrow cells (BMCs). These studies were conducted to (1) directly determine whether GFP could be used as a marker of BMC transduction, (2) determine whether GFP is capable of being expressed in multiple bone marrow-derived hematopoietic cell lineages, and (3) determine whether GFP could be used to follow the fate of transduced cells in vivo.

RESULTS
Infection of BMCs with retroviruses carrying the gene encoding GFP resulted in a fluorescent signal in viable transduced cells that was detectable by flow cytometry. Expression of GFP was detected in multiple bone marrow-derived cell lineages after transduction, including stem cell antigen-positive (Sca-1+), lineage marker-negative (Lin-) cells. Using GFP as a selectable marker, we were able to enrich for transduced cells by cell sorting. Mice reconstituted with enriched populations of GFP+ cells showed a significant increase in the percentage of cells expressing GFP in the periphery when compared with mice reconstituted with unenriched transduced bone marrow.

CONCLUSIONS
These data indicate that GFP can be used to select for transduced BMCs in vitro, expressed in multiple bone marrow-derived cell lineages, used to select transduced cells, and follow the fate of transduced cells long-term in vivo.


Abstract : Software metrics is in its infancy, is a very new field and there are many scientists and educators who would choose to keep it that way. Software metrics is held in low esteem by many software engineers. There is much debate and argument about what a good metric should do, hot it should work, and what it should produce for the user. Yet with the cost of software rising, it is becoming more and more critical for future cost control and expense management that some automatic metric tool be implemented. Interest is growing, as evidenced by the Department of Defense expressing a strong interest in the development of an effective and reliable metric tool. It is no doubt that if this can be accomplished the automated software metric would be a valuable asset to the software engineering effort. Keywords: Theses; Parsers; Grammars; Lexical analysis; Scanning. (Author)


The authors propose an interferometric radar system for the remote monitoring of structural deformations in buildings. A continuous wave step frequency (CW-SF) radar is used to synthesise radar cross-section (RCS) holographic images. The monitoring radar has been experimentally validated during a structural static test of a concrete pedestrian bridge.


This report furthers earlier work of, in particular, Hellerman, who catalogued the minimum number of NOR and NAND elements necessary to realise all 223 logic functions of three independent binary input variables. Here we consider the use of universal logic elements rather than NOR and NAND, and derive corresponding statistical and detailed information when the former are used for random logic purposes.


A new species of the rather large, basically tropical/subtropical Asian genus Cryptocorypha is described from western Myanmar: C. perplexa sp.n. This is the 13th congener, also being the first to be reported from Myanmar. It differs from all sufficiently well described species of the genus in having 20 body segments in the M, combined with apparently the most complex gonopod structure.


Our aim was to quantify whether fewer than expected men with diabetes were in employment. We asked 200 unselected, consecutive male patients (aged 18–65), attending the diabetes clinic for routine appointments, standard questions relating to employment. Seventy-three (36.5%) patients were not working of whom 41% were type 1, 48% type 2 on oral hypoglycaemics or diet, and 11% were insulin-treated type 2 patients. The mean age (SD) of the working group (W) was 44.6 (11.7) and of the non-working group (NW) was 51.6 (10.9) years (p<0.001). The duration of diabetes and glycaemic control were similar between the two groups (W = 10.6 [10.0] vs NW = 12.9 [10.8] years, HbA1c W = 7.7% [1.3] vs NW = 8.1 [1.2]). In the non-working group, 32.9% were unemployed, 50.7% medically retired and 16.4% had taken early retirement. The unemployment rate corresponds to 12% compared to the general male unemployment rate in Greater London in May 2001 of 4.2%. The non-working group had a higher incidence of other serious medical conditions (46.6% vs 27.6%, p = 0.02) and serious diabetic complications (16.4% vs 1.5%, p<0.001) compared to the working group. However, the majority had no complications that would explain inability to work and diabetes itself seems to be linked to unemployment. Fifty percent of non-workers received Incapacity Benefit, 36.9% received Disability Living Allowance, 38.3% a pension and 10.9% unemployment benefit. Only 5.5% received no benefits at all.

We conclude that, in this small sample, a high percentage of the male working-age population with diabetes are not working due either to medical reasons or to unemployment, even though most seem capable of work. Very few individuals received no form of State benefit. It is important, however, not to extrapolate our findings to all groups with diabetes, and a larger study in a more representative population would be welcome. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons.


In this paper representative differential equation models for diffusion process are compared. These models are(1)simple logistic curve, (2)harmonic logistic curve, (3)exponential logistic curve, (4)modified exponential curve, (5)Gompertz curve, (6)Bass's model. Logistic-type models((1), (2), (3))are based on the assumption of the effects of the interactions among members in a group.On the other hand, modified exponential curve model is based on the assumption of the effects of the outside information source. Bass's model synthesizes these two components of diffusion process. The six models are applied to data on consumer durables, music records, and information diffusions. The results show that Bass's model yields the better predictions for most of actual data than any other model.


Background
The incidence of perioperative anaphylaxis increases with the extensive use of various medications especially synthetic ones in perioperative period.

Objective
To review the etiology, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of perioperative anaphylaxis, in order to promote the awareness of this life-threatening event for clinicians to reduce its mortality rate.

Content
Perioperative anaphylaxis is caused by a series of allergens the patients are exposed to during operation, including intravenous anesthetics (i.e. propofol), NMBA, opioid analgesics (morphine, fentanyl, sufentanyl, remifentanyl, etc), local anesthetics, α-galactosidase, and inhaled anesthetics. To prevent the allergic reaction, identification of allergy propensity should be screened with skin prick test or intradermal test before the administration of above-mentioned drugs, and early diagnosis of allergic reaction after drug administration should be carried out by examining plasma levels of histamine, Tryptase and IgE, and counting the number of activated basophil cells in the blood. The treatment of perioperative anaphylaxis includes anti-shock with adrenalin, bronchodilation with β2 adrenoceptor agonists, glucocorticoid, and anti-histamine drugs.

Trend
The primary intervention for perioperative anaphylaxis is to avoid exposure to the most common allergens, if allergy appeared, early diagnosis and treatment should be carried out. Moreover, the allergens should be identified to prevent the reoccurrence.

Key words:
Perioperative period; Anaphylaxis


The purpose of this article is to demonstrate land-use changes from forest to agriculture in Ejido Salamanca in the southern state of Quintana Roo in Mexico. This transformation from forest to agriculture was caused by Mennonites -an ethnic group originally from Chortitza today southern Ukraine-, that arrived in Mexico in 1922 from Canada. This land-use demonstration is based on satellite images Sentinel 2 of the Copernicus Program and a plugin called Trends Earth.  As a result, we have shown a land-use change from forest to crops could have a stable result and organic carbon soil loss. Even though, these negative changes, have gained great productivity results (ha/ton production) in corn, soy, red bean, and sorghum and contribute to agriculture productivity in Quintana Roo and the zero-hunger goal.


This study aims to describe the problems of limited face-to-face learning (PTMT) in writing novel reviews and their solutions to class XII students of SMAN Ploso. This type of research is a qualitative research with descriptive method. The results showed that there were problems which included 1) problems with limited face-to-face learning tools, 2) problems in the delivery of limited face-to-face learning materials, 3) problems in classroom management, and 4) problems with techniques and assignments. While the solutions that can be given are 1) students will be given a more effective learning flow, 2) students will be given learning methods and media that are in accordance with the material and needs of students, 3) students will be given more attention with personal guidance and change learning techniques and tactics , and 4) students will be directed in more detail about the structure, spelling, and steps of writing a novel review text.


An object of the present invention is to measure faster than the irradiation dose existing methods. A is a method for determining the exposure dose of a lithographic apparatus used in a lithographic process to a substrate. This method first detects the scattered radiation during the illumination receiving a substrate comprising first and second structures, the (b) a first structure with a radiation is manufactured using (a) a lithographic process 1 obtaining a scatterometer signal, (c) obtaining a second scatterometer signal by detecting the scattered radiation while the second structure is illuminated with radiation, (d) first and second scan using Torometa signal, and determining the radiation dose values used to produce the first and second structures. The first structure has a first and a periodic characteristic, yet at least one more second periodic characteristics comprise spatial features that are designed to receive the influence of the irradiation dose with spatial characteristics. The second structure has a first and a periodic characteristic, yet at least one more second periodic characteristics comprise spatial features that are designed to receive the influence of the irradiation dose with spatial characteristics. Dose affects differently the spatial features affected by the dose of the first and second structures. .FIELD 7


Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a hematologic condition characterized by arrested maturation of myelopoiesis at the promyelocyte stage of development (1). With appropriate treatment using recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (r-HuG-CSF), patients with SCN are now surviving well past infancy. With longer survival, the high risk of developing myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)/acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has become remarkedly clear (2). Hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) is the only curative option for these patients, but the outcome is poor once MDS/AML has developed. In this issue of the journal, Oshima et al. (3) report an analysis of 18 patients with SCN in Japan who underwent HCT (1989–2005) because of the lack of or a partial response to treatment with r-HuG-CSF prior to malignant transformation to MDS/AML.


In order to reduce distillate production costs of a seawater desalination plant in the Gulf Cooperation Councils Countries (GCC), it is common use to connect the desalination plant to a power plant producing power in the form of electricity and process steam for the distiller evaporators as well as surplus electricity for the public grid. Provided that site and seawater characteristics are known and a decision regarding the fuel is made, then the issue moves towards the plant optimization. The aim of such an optimization can diverge as the case may be. The most important characteristics of such a plant which may appear as a result of the optimization work are the water/power ratio (w) and the Economy Ratio (ER) of the desalination-plant. The influences of the economical conditions and the plant configurations on these two characteristics are the major part of this study.


Repeated switching of distribution transformers take place due to poor generation and load shedding. The transformers mounted on electric locomotives are also regularly reswitched after crossing each buffer zone between two substations. The steady state magnetizing current of a transformer is about 5% of the full load current, but the transient inrush current may be as high as ten times the full-load current. The switching instant decides the nature and magnitude of the switching current and it is used here to control the inrush current. Another method is adopted by placing a capacitor at the secondary side of the unloaded transformer connected at the sending or receiving end of the distribution line. A third method is proposed using the distribution line as a low-pass filter. In the case of a three-phase transformer, when it is switched, inrush current flows in either one or two phase windings. Instead of simultaneous switching of all the phases (windings), each winding of the transformer is switched at predetermined switching instants sequentially. Thus inrush currents are contained to a steady-state level using an instant-controlled switching circuit. Switching of all phases completes within 1/3 or 1/4 of the power-cycle depending upon the mode of transformer configuration and the switching strategy. The switching current is found to be the same as the steady-state no-load current. These schemes are useful for traction transformers as well as for poorly supplied and poorly maintained distribution lines including traction lines which are subjected to repeated switching.


The objective of the present study was to evaluate the kinetic of antibodies against the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) in 30 of a group of 200 pigs in a commercial farm in Lima, Peru. Blood samples were collected at 32, 61 and 135 days of age for detecting antibodies against PRRSV by indirect ELISA. In addition, the


This work presents a novel scalable and field-deployable framework for monitoring lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery state of charge (SoC) and state of health (SoH), based on ultrasonic guided waves using low-profile built-in piezoelectric transducers. The feasibility of this technique is demonstrated through experiments using surface-mounted piezoelectric disc transducers on commercial Li-ion pouch batteries. Pitch-catch guided-wave propagation is performed in synchronization with electrical charge and discharge cycling, and cycle life testing. Simple time-domain analysis shows strong and repeatable correlation between waveform signal parameters, and battery SoC and SoH. The correlation thus provides a building block for constructing a technique for accurate real-time monitoring of battery charge and health states using ultrasonic guided-wave signals. Moreover, capacity-differential signal analysis reveals the underlying physical changes associated with cyclic electrochemical activities and phase transitioning. This finding allows accurate pinpointing of the root cause of capacity fade and mechanical degradation. The results of this study indicate that the use of guided waves can potentially offer a new avenue for in-situ characterization of Li-ion batteries, providing insight on the complex coupling between electrochemistry and mechanics, heretofore not fully understood within the scientific community.


Chapter 63 discusses metastatic disease. Metastatic disease from carcinomas accounts for approximately 70% of malignant tumors involving the skeleton. The most common primary tumors that metastasize to bone are prostate and breast carcinomas and are termed osteotropic. Other tumors with a propensity for skeletal metastasis include lung, renal, bladder, thyroid, and lymphomas. Prostate, breast, renal cell, and lung carcinomas account for up to 80% of skeletal metastases. Patients with metastatic bone lesions may be asymptomatic or may present with localized bone pain, pathologic fracture, neurologic impingement, or an associated soft tissue mass. Imaging plays an important role in detection, diagnosis, prognosis, planning, and treatment response of metastatic bone lesions. This chapter focuses on imaging strategies to detect and characterize metastatic osseous lesions from malignant tumors.


The paper presents an overview of the system employed to control the mainline gas turbines and crude oil pumps used on the 747 mile East-West Petroline. Various operating modes such as starting, stopping and fuel transfers for normal and emergency operation are discussed. Particular attention is focused on the various fuel systems as well as a review of the major design problem areas and solutions. The results of a system test and the integration of each unit into the overall pipeline control scheme are included for completeness.Copyright © 1981 by ASME


It is observed that the measured critical currents of cable-in-conduit (CIC) conductors for ITER TF coils become lower than expected due to the unbalanced current distribution that is caused by contact resistance between the strands and the Copper (Cu) sleeves in CIC conductor joints. In order to evaluate the contact length, we identify the three-dimensional positions of all strands in the CIC conductor, and then measure the contact number and lengths of strands that appear on the surface of the cable to contact with the Cu sleeves. It is found that some strands do not appear on the surface of the cable, and the contact lengths are widely distributed with a large standard deviation. We develop a numerical code that simulates strand positions in the CIC, and then compare the analyzed contact strand number and contact length with measured ones. It is found that the results are in agreement, and hence the code can be used to evaluate the contact parameters. After varying the twist pitches of the sub-cables, we show that all strands appear on the cable surface and have contact lengths with small standard deviation. It is found that the twist pitches are a key parameter for optimization of the contact resistance.


Background: Air pollution is a crucial public health issue, but evidence on its association with blood lipids is still limited and inconsistent. Objectives: To systematically review and explore associations between major air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and O3) and blood lipid levels in long-, middle-, and short-term exposure durations. Data Source: Databases of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for eligible articles published until August 16, 2019. Study Eligibility Criteria: English articles were explored for associations between air pollutants and blood lipids among adults using quantitative measures. Methods: Random-effect models were used to synthesize the association, and I2 value was used to evaluate the degree of heterogeneity. Results: Of the 15 studies that met the inclusion criteria, 11, 7, and 4 records were used to evaluate long-, middle-, and short-term effects. Generally, air pollutants had adverse influence on blood lipid levels, and results were robust across sensitivity analyses. For example, PM2.5 was significantly associated with increased total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, with a percentage change of 4.53 (0.12, 8.93) and 5.36 (0.37, 10.35) per 10 μg/m3 increment, respectively, in long-term exposure. However, associations with NO2, SO2, and O3 were still insufficient. Moreover, prospective evidence was considerably inadequate. Limitation: We only pooled the association of air pollution with major blood lipids. We were unable to clarify the health effects of chemical components or susceptible population because of limited studies. Conclusions: Ambient air pollutants have detrimental effects on blood lipid levels. Further prospective evidence is highly warranted to demonstrate these associations.


Over a quarter of a million infants each year are born with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). There is a trend for treatment of NAS to move away from pharmaceutical to non-pharmaceutical interventions to manage symptoms. This paper describes the treatment model called Rhythm, Breath, Lullaby: First Sounds (RBL).


There has always been a strong argument for broad and deep collaboration between the research and data archiving communities. This paper argues that one of these forms of engagement—the archivist as active researcher—is an increasingly valuable element for modern data archives. In this paper, I examine several phases of archival processing, from pre-ingest to enabling access to preserved materials. Within each of the phases, I argue that closer linkages between archives and the research community can be enabled by supporting active researchers within the archive, and that the institutional strength of the archive, including its standing in the wider community, can only benefit as a result. In two areas, gaining researchers" trust to handle issues of confidentiality and developing materials to promote reuse, archivist-researcher skills seem to have the greatest benefits. Despite these apparent benefits, the practice is still rather limited. The paper discusses selected reasons for this and then argues that recent changes may be weakening these barriers and increasing the opportunities for archivists as research scholars


Sensitivity improvement and measurable pressure limit extension of Pirani vacuum gauge are urgent needed for meeting the rapid growing requirements in ultra-low and wide-range pressure applications. However, the adjustable range of measureable pressure of the Pirani vacuum gauge is limited to only several orders of magnitude of vacuum range. In this work, a fusion method was proposed to improve the sensitivity and extend the measurable pressure limit of the wafer-level packaged Pirani gauge for meeting the wider applications. An analytical temperature model was presented for estimating the electrothermal behavior of the suspended micro-heater with multi heat dissipation paths. The results calculated by the model are validated by the test results of Pirani gauges with both three and four heat sinks. The results indicate that the model for Pirani gauge with one heat sink structure will no longer make sense for devices with multi heat sinks. The electrical fusion of the Pirani gauges with these structure parameters extends dynamic range from 1 ~ 104 Pa to that of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$6 \times 10^{-2} \sim 10^{4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Pa, which generates one more sensitivity peak compared to one single device. The sensitivity peaks are <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5.7 \times 10^{3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>K/W/decade and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.4 \times 10^{3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>K/W/decade around the upper and lower limits, respectively. [2019-0201]


Objective to investigate the effects of chitosan/tricalcium phosphate scaffolds on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts cultured in vitro. Methods hPDLF from the fifth generation which were seeded on the chitosan/tricalcium phosphate scaffolds was the experimental group. HPDLF cultured on the ordinary medium was the control group. The proliferation of the two groups was examined by the MTT method after 24,48,72 and 96h. Results the number of hPDLFs of the experimental group was not significantly different from that of the control group after 24h(P0.05).But there was significant differences between the two groups after 48,72 and 96h(P0.05). Conclusion the chitosan/tricalcium phosphate scaffolds not only can be a good carrier,but also have significant effects on the proliferation of hPDLFs.


Looks at the Quine–Putnam indispensability argument in the philosophy of mathematics. This argument urges us to place mathematical entities on the same ontological footing as other theoretical entities indispensable to our best scientific theories. The indispensability argument has come under serious scrutiny in recent times, with many influential philosophers unconvinced of its cogency. This book outlines the indispensability argument in considerable detail, before defending it against various challenges.Although the focus is squarely on the indispensability argument, in order to appreciate the argument's full force, it is necessary to consider many other interesting and related topics. These include questions about ontological commitments and the applications of mathematics to physical theories. Of particular interest here is the Quinean backdrop from which the indispensability argument emerges. This backdrop consists of the doctrines of holism and naturalism. The latter is crucial to the whole indispensability debate, so a considerable portion of this work is spent discussing naturalism.


The Earth Science Division of the School of Geography, Earth Science and Environmental (SGESE) of the University of the South Pacific (USP) in Suva Fiji in association with its International Research Office hosted an international meeting on "Subduction, Volcanism and the Evolution of Oceanic and Continental Crust" that was held on 9-16 February 2014 at the Tanoa International Hotel in Nadi, Fiji. The meeting was followed by a 2-day excursion to Eocene-Miocene arc terranes in the north and western parts of the island of Viti Levu including the early-arc Yavuna Group which is intruded by a large tonalite body.


agurele, Romania In the present context of efforts to develop accessible cost efective high-tech techniques for Earth Atmospheric observations of relevant parameters for climate triggering as aerosols and clouds or temperature and water vapor this paper is presenting the status of a LIDAR system development for profiling with high temporal (min) and spatial (m) resolution of aerosols and clouds properties. The new up-gradable configuration of mESYLIDAR is based on a powerful Nd:YAG 30 Hz pulsed laser (35 mJ at 355 nm, 100 mJ at 532 nm, 200 mJ at 1064 nm), a 40 cm Newtonian telescope and on an new opto-mechanics detection module built in an "eye geometry" considerations.


Research purposes: Based upon bearing characteristics of slab track,a dynamic model of slab track for the analysis of track structure vibration induced by high speed train is developed.By means of the Fourier Transform,vibration differential equation is obtained in the frequency and wave-number domain.The calculation formulas for dynamic displacement to track,track slab and concrete base in time and space domains are obtained by using the Inverse Fourier Transform.Combining a calculation example,the variation characteristics of the track,track slab and concrete base are studied under conditions of the different the speed,positive acceleration and negative acceleration of train. Research conclusions:The analysis results of dynamic response on the slab track show that the critical velocities exist in the track structure.The dynamic displacements of the rail,slab and concrete base to track direction become the biggest when train runs at even speed.Meanwhile,peak value of dynamic displacement occurs at different speed and acceleration under variable speed.The peak value of dynamic displace still exists at the different speed and acceleration when the train speed slows down,and the dynamic displacement of each structure will reduce at increasing positive acceleration and reducing negative acceleration and vice versa.


The medicinal plant resources of Tongdao Dong Autonomous County in Hunan Province were investigated through massive field investigation,specimen collection and identification. 299species were identified,which belong to 103 families and 249 genera. The species composition,treatment,and dosage and administration were recorded and documented,the ethnic and regional characters were analyzed,and the advice for the exploitation and utilization was given as well.


This text explores the balance of powers in the Republic of Ecuador through Social Network Analysis (SNA). It argues that formal and informal ties among political system's actors can be affected as a result of an improvement action within a part of the State. The Article recounts three essential elements: the theoretical apparatus of the balance of power in the State, a summary of the reform actions in the Ecuadorian juridical system, and an analytical contrast between governance models of the Ecuadorian State after the reform of the judiciary, conducted between 2010 and 2014. For this purpose, a comparison of the models of balance by using social network analysis is proposed; thereof a series of statistics that will show the possibility of changes in the capabilities of horizontal accountability of the Judiciary are obtained.  This data show an evidence base that small changes in the fabric of government relations have extensive quantitative consequences on the balance of powers, and appear as heuristics of change in the dynamics of political power. It concludes indicating that reforms of the judicial system have created a more efficient system but, according to the obtained data, centrality of power can generate unwanted effects in public administration and in the structure of power control of the State.


The olivine LiFePO4 is acknowledged as the most promising cathode material for lithium ion battery due to its lower cost,good thermal stability,high specific capacity,long cycling life,environmentally friendly,etc.The crystal structure and working principle of LiFePO4 are introduced.The preparing methods of LiFePO4 are reviewed.At last,the production situation of LiFePO4 at home and abroad is analyzed,the future application prospect and the existing problems are also presented.


The present paper analyses the archetypal elements present in the select women characters in the novels Mistress and Lessons in Forgetting. The archetypal presence is in the form of Indian mythological characters. This presence resides in the unconscious psyche of the characters Radha and Akhila. Radha identifies herself with mythological Radha and Ahalya. Akhila identifies herself with goddess Kanyakumari. The paper also analyses how these archetypal presence make them subjugated women and also how they help them to move beyond their stereotypical roles they play in the family and society. The characters Radha and Meera are ordinary women who emerge as potential, emancipated women at a later stage. They struggle in the process of transition from tradition to modernity. In their quest for identity, they emerge as strong and independent women. The paper is analyzed from Jungian perspective of archetypes.


This paper discusses how to choose the right tool and cutting amount in the milling.according to the characteristics of CNC milling.


The article describes the factors of a healthy lifestyle, which adhere to schoolchildrens of different ages. Purpose: to explore the age-related features of the formation of the factors of a healthy lifestyle as components of individual physical education of schoolchildren of 11–17 years old. Material & Methods: 628 people took part in the study (282 young men; 346 women). In order to solve the research problems, a survey was conducted of respondents "Determining the motives and interests of schoolchildren in the field of physical culture and sports". Results: it has been determined that motor activity, as one of the main factors of a healthy lifestyle in boys and girls aged 14–17, remains in the last place, except for sports class schoolchildrens. It is proved that only 34,1% of graduates, 48,9% of schoolchildrens in the 9th grade and 33,3% of ten schoolchildrens do not use alcoholic beverages. The highest percentage among smokers is in the 7th and 8th grades (33,3% and 22,7% respectively). Young men graduates are more likely to have a healthy lifestyle, and the percentage of those who smoke is reduced to 14,6%. Among the girls, it was found that 23,3% of ninth-graders smoke. Conclusion: it is proved that in the age aspect there are quite significant differences between the boys and girls in choosing the priority factors of a healthy lifestyle, which they adhere to during the week. Attitudes towards bad habits are also different and ambiguous. That is, with age, the priorities of the value orientations of young people change, and the gender factor influences the formation of young men and women's views on maintaining a healthy lifestyle.


Technique described is innovation in offshore pipelaying. With this method, pipe is welded together onshore, wound onto large-diameter reel on a floating vessel, and laid on the ocean floor at high rates. Currently pipe is welded with manual techniques, but several automatic systems are evaluated. As the pipeline is unspooled, it is straightened with a three-wheel unit that creates uniform residual stresses along the length. A "stinger" constrains the configuration so that pipeline's radius of curvature cannot exceed a minimum value. The integrity of pipe coatings has been a problem with this technique.


This paper reports values for the A and g magnetic tensor components for PD-Tempone in the rigid limit of the n-pentyl (5CB), n-hexyl (6CB), n-heptyl (7CB), and n-octyl (8CB) cyanobiphenyl liquid crystals and for Tempo-Palmitate in the rigid limit of 5CB and 6CB. A unified approach based on introducing a factor into the "distortion theory" expression for obtaining probe order parameters Sii is successfully tested. The sign and value of this factor give the probability of alignment of the ith axis of the probe along the applied magnetic field.


The subject of this paper is an analysis of manuscript and printed sources on the pilgrimage site of Sepekov (Písek district). These comprise texts written between the 1730s and the 1780s. Thematically, these are mostly books of miracles, which were intended to record miraculous events in writing and (in the case of printed sources) to spread awareness of the existence and importance of the pilgrimage site; however, they also contain information on the history of Marian devotion in Sepekov. Most of these works are anonymous; nevertheless, since the books of miracles were mostly written by parish priests, the identification of the likely authors is based on the analysis of the staffing of the church administration in Sepekov by the Strahov Premonstratensians. An interesting aspect is the intermingling of the works of the Premonstratensians and the local layman, teacher and sacristan František Strejček.


Two burrowing species, the estuarine euryhaline amphipod Grandidierella sp. and the marine mollusc Paphies elongata, were used for the development of marine sediment re‐worker toxicity tests. Acute static toxicity tests were performed on these species at 25°C with reference toxicants in a water phase or drilling fluids in a sediment phase. The 96‐h 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of cadmium for Grandidierella sp. was 0.95 mg/L. The mean 10‐d LC50 of hexavalent chromium for Grandidierella sp. in six independent tests was 1.40 mg/L with a coefficient of variation of 24%. The average 96‐h LC50 value for P. elongata was 32.1 mg Cr(VI)/L. The 10‐d LC50 values for Grandidierella sp. exposed to drilling muds based on synthetic paraffin, iso‐olefin, and ester fluids were in the range of 200–1500 mg/kg. The 5‐d LC50 values of the same paraffin and iso‐olefin drilling muds for P. elongata were greater than 20,000 mg/kg. The high sensitivity and response reproducibility of Grandidierella sp. in toxicity bioassays, under tropical conditions, demonstrated the suitability of this local sediment re‐worker species for drilling mud toxicity testing in Western Australia. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol 15: 540–548, 2000


The COVID-19 pandemic has brought changes to people's daily life around the world, safety measures were taken so to reduce the speed with which the virus would spread itself, one of the most notorious of these is social isolation. In Brazil, higher education institutions were ordered by the State to cease in-person classes. This work aims to evaluate the factors that contribute to the success of e-learning platforms during the pandemic, when the migration from in-person classes to online classes was compulsory. This is an exploratory research, with quantitative and qualitative approach, making use of structural equation modeling. The sample used was 115 participants who answered a validated questionnaire (α = 0.88), with questions about the e-learning system adopted by the institution. Thus, the variables that most influenced the Individual Impact and the Use of e-learning systems were User Perceived Satisfaction, which had the most impact variables on Computer Anxiety and Interaction with Others. This result indicates that the establishment of routines with interactive classes and the attention to students who may feel uncomfortable with new technologies are crucial for the success of e-learning systems.


Abstract This paper frames the problem underlying the cross-cultural Organizing Curriculum Change (OCC) study of state-based curriculum-making. The paper discusses the increased use by states over the past two decades of the century-old instrument of the state-based curriculum and the tool of the curriculum commission. The paper contrasts the slender English-language writing on these institutions with the extensive German literature, with particular emphasis on the post-1970s German analysis and the revisionist analysis of the 1980s.


A self-similar solution of the Broadwell system is found. Here the solution is sought using a reduction that transforms the given system into a system of differential equations. Further, the solution is constructed using the Painlev\'e series. Here the system already passes the Painlev\'e test and it is possible to find the solution if the equations in resonance satisfy the solution of the two-dimensional Bateman equation. Exact solution of the Bateman equation is established, allowing to find new explicit solution for the original system. In the process of calculations, we use the Wolfram Mathematica program. The proof of these results is carried out at a rigorous mathematical level.


1. The pharmacokinetic properties of doxycycline were determined in healthy chickens and chickens naturally infected with Mycoplasma gallisepticum after a single intravenous (i.v.) and oral administration of the drug at 20 mg/kg body weight. Tissue residues of the tested drug after an oral dose of 20 mg/kg given twice daily for 5 consecutive days were also estimated in diseased chickens. 2. The plasma concentrations of doxycycline following single i.v. and oral administration were higher in healthy chickens than in diseased ones. Following i.v. injection, the elimination half-life (t 1/2β), distribution half-life and mean residence time (MRT) were longer in healthy chickens than in diseased birds. The values of total body clearance (Cl B) and volume of distribution (V dss) were larger in healthy chickens than in diseased birds. 3. After single oral administration, the absorption half-life (t 1/2ab) and the elimination half-life were longer in normal birds than in diseased ones. The maximum plasma concentr...


We have measured the statistical distributions of intensity fluctuations in an external cavity semiconductor laser. The cavity was formed by coupling a 6.8‐cm‐long multimode fiber to an antireflection coated, 10‐μm‐wide InGaAsP ridge‐waveguide laser. The fluctuations of the intensity of the laser are small when the cavity is adjusted for single‐longitudinal‐mode operation.


Current management paradigms that influence the engagements of social and economic institutions have come under serious scrutiny with divided scholarly opinion. In this direction, one school of thought suggests that there should be a total revolutionary attack on the paradigms leading to complete replacement. Conversely, another school is of the opinion that there should rather be a systemic refinement and overhaul of the existing paradigms to better serve the needs of contemporary times. Against this backdrop, we examine in this paper, the pros and cons of the issues raised pertaining to the current wave of management paradigms in light of existing scholarly literature, bringing to fore inherent challenges and imperatives associated with the paradigms, while proposing the way forward for the future of management in this digitized age.


Introduction: Ancient schwannoma of infratemporal fossa arising from the trigeminal nerve is very rare in clinical practice. Case Report: A 65-year old male presented to the outpatient department with a progressive swelling over the left parotid for 5 years and pain during chewing for 6 months which was diagnosed as benign spindle cell tumour on cytology. The tumor was excised with a combined transparotid and transmandibular cervical approach and the final pathology was confirmed to an Ancient Schwannoma. Conclusion: A giant infratemporal fossa Schwannoma extending to the parapharyngeal space masquerading as a parotid swelling is very unusual. Transparotid transmandibular excision of the infratemporal fossa tumor is an effective approach ensuring complete removal of the tumor with minimal postoperative complications and acceptable cosmoses.


Objective To investigate the condition of community health services(CHS) given by support doctors from hospitals in Beijing so as to evaluate the performance and the existing problems.Methods The questionnaire surveys were conducted among 176 and 256 community medical professionals,and individual interviews were conducted for 8 headers of CHS organizations in Beijing in July and November 2007 respectively.Results Majority of CHS medical professionals hoped support doctors from hospitals come to CHS,and about 1/3 of them satisfied with the support services by their partners. Conclusion The partner support policy for CHS in Beijing is accepted by majority of the CHS professionals.The supervisory management of the project and responsibilities of the tutors for CHS professionals should be strengthened.


Abstract: Numerical simulations are increasingly becomingan important tool to obtain efficient designs of protectivestructures, and the existing literature shows that manyphenomena can be accurately described by standard methodsand models. This thesis, specifically, focuses on novelmethods of modeling and simulating ballistic impact.Experiments are needed to validate such simulations, so numerous tests were studied to investigate how projectile nose-shape, plate layering, target strength, ductility, and workhardening affect the penetration and perforation behavior of various structural configurations. These tests provide new information about the behavior of materials subjected to ballistic impact, and are valuable input for the evaluation ofthe numerical simulations. As more complex materialssystems are introduced in engineering practice, the design engineer faces the of utilizing homogenization techniques or detailed numerical models. The latter offers a number of advantages, such as the ability to introduce separateconstitutive laws and failure criteria for each phase, at theexpense of computation cost. The aim of this study is to givegeneral information about the most commonly used materialsand ballistic test methods. In addition, to summarize the topicsrelated to simulation methods such as FEM and numericalmethods which are use most in ballistics.A generalizednumerical and experimental formulation is presented for theprediction of ballistic impact behavior on various surfacesagainst different projectile nose shape. The ballistic resistance,failure mechanism and the energy absorption of the structurewas investigated thoroughly through experimentation andnumerical simulations. influence of projectile shape, incidencevelocity of the projectile.


The Mesaverde Group of the Piceance Basin in western Colorado has been a pilot study area for government-sponsored tight gas sand research for over twenty years. Early production experiments included nuclear stimulations and massive hydraulic fracture treatments. This work culminated in the US Department of Energy (DOE)`s Multiwell Experiment (MWX), a field laboratory designed to study the reservoir and production characteristics of low permeability sands. A key feature of MWX was an infrastructure which included several closely spaced wells that allowed detailed characterization of the reservoir through log and core analysis, and well testing. Interference and tracer tests, as well as the use of fracture diagnostics gave further information on stimulation and production characteristics. Thus, the Multiwell Experiment provided a unique opportunity for identifying the factors affecting production from tight gas sand reservoirs. The purpose of this operation was to support the gathering of field data that may be used to resolve the number of unknowns associated with measuring and modeling the dimensions of hydraulic fractures. Using the close-well infrastructure at the Multiwell Site near Rifle, Colorado, this operation focused primarily on the field design and execution of experiments. The data derived from the experiments were gathered and analyzed by DOE team contractors.


Abstract Background: Several attempts have been made to develop dual-lumen self-enclosed breast implants and differentially shaped breast implants. However, they have not achieved the goal of a more anatomical configuration of the breast. Objective: This study examines the results of breast procedures, both reconstructions and secondary augmentations, in which double-lumen permanent stacked implants were used. Methods: For use in breast reconstruction, a dual-lumen stacked tissue expander was placed in a submuscular/subfascial pocket extending 2 cm below the inframammary crease. Active and then passive expansion was followed by removal of the expander and replacement with a dual-lumen permanent stacked implant. Augmentation patients underwent bilateral total open capsulectomy with removal of ruptured silicone gel implants and replacement with dual-lumen permanent stacked implants. Results: In a series of 20 patients, anatomically accurate, acceptably symmetric breasts were achieved. Conclusions: The dual-lumen permanent stacked implant yields a pleasing sloped breast profile.


Keeping a journal in the mathematics classroom has clear benefits. Students see that writing a journal is useful to them, teachers gain insights from reading students' responses, and it helps the student–teacher feedback loop. Strong links between journals and self-regulation are made in the research literature, especially as the process of writing helps students think about their own thinking and learning (metacognition). This article is about a group of students who kept a daily journal on a series of eight mathematics lessons on computational estimation. When they journalled, the students primarily reflected on their mathematical learning. However, when they reflected upon what it was like to keep a journal they become much more regular and deeper metacognitive thinkers. A kaleidoscopic pattern of their reflections on learning appeared.


Abstract. A stable amplitude squeezed-state light was generated by utilizing the nondegenerate optical parametric amplifier based on periodically poled KTiOPO4 crystal at 1064 nm. We observed −4.93  dB of squeezing with a local oscillator phase locked in homodyne measurement. The imaging experiments of the resolution target have shown that the imaging resolution, which was based on squeezed-state light, is 1.41 times as much as the resolution that was acquired using coherent light as light source. In addition, the squeezed-state light was applied for imaging of the virtual object. It was found that the characters on the board were much more easily discerned with squeezed light as a light source than with coherent light. This result paves the way for further improvements of imaging resolution by use of the squeezed-state light.


Head and neck cancer presents most commonly as a locoregionally advanced malignant process [1]. Distant metastases are clinically rare, but may be present more frequently at the microscopic level. Patterns of failure following standard surgery and/or radiotherapy indicate the inability of that therapy to successfully eradicate locoregional disease in the majority of patients. Investigational therapy, therefore, must focus on increasing the efficacy of locoregional therapy as its primary goal. Eradication of systemic microscopic disease remains a secondary goal that may gain greater importance in patients whose locoregional disease can be controlled [2]. Finally, the prevention of second malignancies represents an important long-term goal that can help to maintain the cancer-free status in patients cured of their primary disease [3].


Biaxial bending moments can reduce the cross section capacity in terms of both strength and ductility. In this paper, a method and an integration procedure is presented that specifically targets the analysis of cross sections under biaxial bending and axial load. The method is applicable to regular or irregular shaped cross sections of various materials internally or externally reinforced by mild steel, prestressing tendons, and fiber-reinforced polymers. Surface integration of meshed cross sections allows moment-curvature relationships to be computed using nonlinear constitutive relationships and three-dimensional interaction domains to be drawn. Iteration procedures and convergence criteria are proposed to rapidly solve the highly nonlinear problem. Numerical tests showed fast convergence of the algorithm and good agreement with experimental results elsewhere. Comparisons between the numerical outcomes and the simplified expressions available in the literature have been performed to indicate the current limits of the formulas in currently available design codes.


This paper is a very preliminary report1 on data collected on new university positions (academic and administrative-managerial) advertised in the Australian Higher Education supplement on every Wednesday in the last two quarters of 2004. As a preliminary report only, it cannot deliver on all possible findings from the data. Its aim is more modest than that: to get at least an intuitive picture of Australian universities' disciplinary and managerial priorities during the period, especially in the light of the much-touted fact that expenditure on salaries is by far the highest call on all universities' funds today.2 To that extent, at least, new expenditure on salaries ought to give us a general picture of what constitutes importance in the sector today.


One hundred and eight patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) received ceftriaxone 2 g daily i.v. (62) or i.m. (34) or by both routes (12), for 21‐day cycles on an open basis. Baseline MRC and Norris scores were similar to those at the end of the first 21‐day cycle of therapy. Seven patients showed remarkable clinical improvement, mostly segmental, which started during the first week of treatment and lasted up to 2 months after its completion. Improvement was also noted in seven out of 21 cases given a subsequent cycle of treatment. Based on these findings, the drug is supposed to act by altering the neurochemical transmission at the neuromuscular junction and/or by facilitating the presynaptic uptake of glutamate at the synaptic junction. This hypothesis positively correlates with the results of in vitro experiments showing that ceftriaxone increases 3H‐glutamate uptake in rat spinal cord synaptosomes.


Diagnosis of electrical equipment, particularly distribution and power transformers has been quite important for quite a long time. Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) has been introduced years ago and has been employed as an off-line diagnosis test since last decade to investigate transformer mechanical integrity. As smart high voltage monitoring concept is under developing, on-line transformer winding deformation diagnosis has been investigated and discussed significantly over the last years. Hence, on-line diagnosis method implementations have become important accordingly. This study has concentrated on issues arising while on-line FRA is going to be employed on transformers. Existing off-line and on-line transformer winding deformation diagnosis methods are discussed and an on-line frequency response analysis measurement setup is proposed. A profound insight to the challenges associated with on-line FRA measurement has been provided. Influence of on-line setup on frequency response trace sensitivity, accuracy and interpretation has been highlighted. In the end, practical study has been performed on a 66 kV interleaved winding connected various types of capacitive bushings to explore the boundary condition for on-line FRA setup design and to address fundamental challenges.


.........................................................................................................................................iii Chapter 1: Introduction...................................................................................................................1 Summary..............................................................................................1 Statement of the Problem...........................................................................1 Purpose of the Research.............................................................................1 Research Questions..................................................................................2 Significance...........................................................................................2 Terminology..........................................................................................2 Chapter 2: Literature Review..........................................................................................................3 Introduction.........................................................................................................................3 Topics Relevant to Student Parents and Their Success........................................4 Nontraditional Students..........................................................................................4 Class Scheduling.....................................................................................................5 Childcare.................................................................................................................6 Professors................................................................................................................7 Campus Resources and Support............................................................................7


Recently, intelligent transportation system (ITS) is considered as one of the most important issues in smart city applications. Its supports urban and regional development and promotes economic growth, social development, and enhances human well-being. ITS integrates new technologies of information and communication including sensors, social media IoT devices which can generate a massive amount of heterogeneous and multimodal data known as big data term. In this context, Data Fusion techniques (DF) seem promising and have emerged from transportation applications and hold a promising opportunities to deal with imperfect raw data for capturing reliable, valuable and accurate information. Literature. In literature many DF techniques based on machine learning remarkably renovates fusion techniques by offering the strong ability of computing and predicting. In this paper, we propose new Hybrid method based on TL (transfer learning) combine tow pertained DL models such as irregular CNN [1], and bi-directional LSTM [2] models to fuse multimodal and spatial temporal data. the propose method use CBOA algorithm for feature selection in to order to provide effective exploration of significant features with faster convergence. The proposed model demonstrated its effective results on the applied dataset by offering good results and outcome over traditional methods.


The author considers the attempt of the commission on the revision of legal regulations under the chairmanship of N.V. Muravyov, the Minister of Justice, to protect the rights of participants in the judicial process. The article examines the attempt to allow lawyer's participation in the preliminary investigation repeal of restriction on participation of parties and the presiding justice during the jury trial in the issues of punishment of a defendant in case of his conviction providing the prosecutor the right to protest not only in the interest of the prosecution, but also in the interest of the protection etc. The Commission"s work covers the period from 1894 to 1899. The discussion of the projects in various government structures continued until 1905, when it became obvious that they wouldn't be implemented. The material was analyzed considering the chronology of events, the content of political and legal forms, the need to obtain precise information from the existing sources.


Aiming at the difficulty of recogniseing complex multi-pointer instruments, this paper presents an automatic recognition system of analog measuring instruments based on region growing. The whole algorithm consists of pointer extraction algorithm based on region growing method and pointer recognition algorithm based on hit-miss transform method or least square method. Besides, the seeds needed by region growing can automatically obtained by fuzzy clustering based on difference image. Experiments show that, the pointer extraction algorithm based on region growing method effectively extract the features of pointers. And the extraction algorithm lays the foundation for the Hit-Miss transform method and the least square method to obtain good recognition accuracy. The algorithm is fast and efficient, can satisfy the requirements of real-time applications. This paper first applies region growing method of image segmentation to the field of analog measuring instruments recognition, enriches the method of analog measuring instruments recognition, achieved good recognition effect.


A theroretical model is developed for the bulk functionalization of ethylene–propylene co-polymers on the basis of the molecular mechanism proposed in previous papers, with certain simplifying assumptions: (1) A steady state regime for all the radical species is hypothesized; (2) a number of termination reaction are neglected; (3) no monomer homopolymerization is allowed to occur. An analytical expression is derived in such a way. A comparison of the theoretical predictions with some experimental data, obtained varying the radical initiator concentration [I]o and the reaction temperature, T, shows satisfactory agreement at low values of [I]o and T. At higher values the molecular mechanism becomes more complex and the model is unable to fit the data.


Many years ago when blood letting was the almost universal treatment of disease the observation was made by Galen, Hunter, Virchow, Wunderlich, and others that in some affections, particularly the acute inflammatory processes, there occurred a marked acceleration of sedimentation of the blood cells in the drawn blood. This was at times so rapid that, even in the absence of a substance to prevent coagulation, there occurred before coagulation set in a partial sinking of the cells away from the surface, leaving a clear, yellowish serum. This was given the name crusta phlogistica or crusta inflammatoria and was looked upon as an extremely grave sign. With the gradual exit of "bleeding's as a therapeutic measure in such conditions, the phenomenon was forgotten or at least disregarded. Recently in 1917, Robin Fahraeus of Stockhohn, working in the Physiological Institute of the University of Kid, rediscovered the fact, and in articles published in Hygiea, in 1918, and in the Biochemische Zeitschrift of the same year, stated that the phenomenon might be employed in the form of a test for pregnancy, as there was considerable acceleration of sedimentation velocity in that condition. He noted that it occurred also in infectious diseases and malignant tumours. Linzenmeier, of Kiel, also took up the question, developed a precise technique, and applied the test to a large gynaecological service. Many others followed and soon continental literature was flooded with a wealth of articles dealing with the various phases of the phenomenon; some interesting themselves with


Abstract Humidity is, among other things, a key parameter in the evolution of atmospheric dynamics and in the formation of clouds and precipitation through latent heat release. The continuous observation of its vertical distribution is thus important in meteorology. In the absence of convection, humidity in the lower troposphere is distributed into nearly horizontally stratified layers. The thin humidity gradients at the edges of these layers are known to be the main cause of very high-frequency (VHF) stratosphere–troposphere (ST) radar backscatter in the lower troposphere. This property has been experimentally demonstrated many times in the literature from comparisons between balloon measurements and low-resolution radar observations. In the present work, original results of comparisons between Raman lidar measurements of water vapor and middle- and upper-atmosphere (MU) radar measurements of echo power using a range-imaging technique are shown at high spatial and temporal resolutions (∼50 m, ∼20 s). Oth...


An efficient and eco-friendly three-component reaction of naphthol (I) with formaldehyde and primary amines is achieved in the presence of reusable BF3—SiO2 catalyst under ultrasonication.


The characteristics of soft soil are researched and the subgrade treatment of high-grade road are discussed by a practical project. It has an important effect on the application of economical and technical subgrade treatment and has notable economical and social benefits.


As the basis and key for walling,a hole-creating on concrete watertight wall of earthwork dam or cofferdam on the loose dank subgrade is a long,complicated and careful process.It is cost and time consumed,and the accident often occurred during the construction.According to the practice of hole-creating of concrete watertight wall for the secondary dam in Huangbizhuang Reservoir,it is beneficial to future construction of similar works.


Theoretical and experimental considerations for a novel four-quadrant PWM (pulse-width-modulated) switched-mode DC-DC power converter are discussed. Computer simulations lead to an optimum switching frequency, which minimizes the size of the circuit inductors while maintaining a high unit efficiency. In this basis, a 40 kHz, 1.7 kW, 28 V battery-supplied converter was designed and constructed, using MOS-gated BIMOS switches to achieve high-power, high-frequency operation.<<ETX>>


Self-education,self-control,self-service(abbreviation "three self-policy") ability construction of university student is one of university student thought political education important contents.The university student education work is always the key of universities,how to display university student's self-superiority,display himself ability well.To complete university student's three self-policy work is the important constituent.


In order to connect individual subcells in monolithically grown multi-junction solar cells Esaki interband tunnel diodes are widely used. In this work, numerical simulations of an isolated III–V Esaki tunnel diode and of a dual-junction solar cell are presented. With a tunnel model, which takes into account the full non-locality of the tunneling process, a good agreement between measured and simulated IV curve of a GaAs tunnel diode could be achieved. Using this model, the EQE and the IV curve of a complete dual-junction solar cell including tunnel diode was simulated. The model is applied to calculate the current-matching condition of the dual-junction cell.


We study in detail the valuation theory of deeply ramified fields and introduce and investigate several other related classes of valued fields. Further, a classification of defect extensions of prime degree of valued fields that was earlier given only for the equicharacteristic case is generalized to the case of mixed characteristic by a unified definition that works simultaneously for both cases. It is shown that deeply ramified fields and the other valued fields we introduce only admit one of the two types of defect extensions, namely the ones that appear to be more harmless in open problems such as local uniformization and the model theory of valued fields in positive characteristic. We use our knowledge about such defect extensions to give a new, valuation theoretic proof of the fact that algebraic extensions of deeply ramified fields are again deeply ramified. We also prove finite descent, and under certain conditions even infinite descent, for deeply ramified fields. These results are also proved for two other related classes of valued fields. The classes of valued fields under consideration can be seen as generalizations of the class of tame valued fields. Our paper supports the hope that it will be possible to generalize to deeply ramified fields several important results that have been proven for tame fields and were at the core of partial solutions of the two open problems mentioned above.


Cooperative relationships are important to maintain high adaptivity in our societies while their structures undergo constant change. The development of information technology made a great impact on our lives and the way we interact; Social Networking Services brought about high continuity in our social interactions in two senses: One is temporal continuity by keeping us constantly connected in time in a non-discrete way, as well as in parallel; through hand-held devices for example, numerous people interact within an extended time frame and mostly are connected at the same time. The second is continuity in the closeness of social relationships. We use various kinds of SNS with different topologies of interactions and communicate with others at different frequencies, which presents continuous variations in the degree of social closeness with others. In addition, the exponential expansion of these networks in the world and consequently, the scale of interactions is another indicator of the major effect of these networks on our social relationships, allowing for larger-scale communication by alleviating the physical boundaries and increasing the rate of interactions over the globe. Based on the concept of self-driven particle models, Nishimoto et al. constructed a simple computational model for investigating such continuously changing social relationships termed social particle swarm (SPS) model (Nishimoto et al., 2013). They assumed that individuals were in a twodimensional social or psychological space, and the proximity between two individuals reflects their social or psychological closeness. Interactions between individuals in the space is regarded as changes in social or psychological relationships based on game-theoretical relationship (e.g., prisoners dilemma) between strategies of individuals. Each particle has a strategy for the prisoners dilemma game, and gets closer to (away from) neighbors from which each particle obtains positive (negative) payoffs. They observed repeated occurrences of explosive dynamics that consisted of a formation of an altruistic cluster followed by its collapse with explosive dispersal of defective particles. The similar dynamics were observed both computationally and experimentally (see (Suzuki et al., 2018)). However, it is still not clear whether and how the significant increase in the scale of social networks, as discussed above, can bring about more diversity and demonstrate emerging patterns for higher-level interactions. Such hierarchical structures and interactions between communities are ubiquitous in real societies, and we expect that larger population sizes enable us to see novel emerging patterns both structural and behavioral. Our purpose is to construct and analyze a large-scale 3D simulation of continuous social dynamics using an extended SPS model on parallel architecture. We use a 3D space as a minimal approximation of a complex of social relationships that have much larger dimensions and comprise many channels of interaction, keeping sufficient spatial locality even when there is a large number of agents. Due to the demanding computational power of large multi-agent systems' simulations, parallel architecture as a simulation platform best fits our goal. We devised an extension of the original SPS model to 3D space and implemented it using an open source framework for multi-agent simulation on GPGPU, called Flame GPU (Richmond and Chimeh, 2011). We conduct a preliminary analysis on the behavior of the population while varying the population size.


Cambodia's health infrastructure was all but destroyed during the Khmer Rouge regime and the Vietnamese occupation of the 1970s, rendering the country's family planning programs virtually inoperable for more than 20 years. 1–3 In 1994, an internationally supported, government-led effort to reinstate family planning campaigns was launched; 4 however, efforts were considerably hampered by the coun-try's poor infrastructure, leading to very low contraceptive prevalence rates and concomitantly high rates of fertility and maternal mortality. 5 Over the past decade, renewed efforts of government and nongovernmental agencies have contributed significantly to improved reproductive health outcomes. Between 2000 and 2005, the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) among all Cambodian women increased from 11% to 34%, and the total fertility rate (TFR) dropped from 4.0 to 3.4. 6 Despite these gains, shortcomings in family planning service delivery and acceptance in Cambodia remain. The most recent Cambodian Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) from 2005 reports that the CPR among currently married women is only 27%, and one in four married women have an unmet need for family planning. 6 As a result of the low use of family planning, Cambodia's TFR remains high relative to other Asian countries, and its maternal mortality ratio—estimated at 450–540 deaths per 100,000 live births—is among the highest in the region. 6–8 Moreover, Cambodia's CPR is the lowest in Southeast Asia—ranking 130th out of 177 countries around the world 8,9 —and its infant mortality rate (97 deaths per 1,000 live births) is above the regional average. 6 These measures are not only indicative of the risk to women and children, but have wider implications for the population as a whole. Women with a high number of births are less likely than others to complete their education , participate in the labor force and have high levels of income; 10,11 on the other hand, women who use contraceptives tend to have a better quality of life, higher social status and greater autonomy. 11–15 The health care costs associated with complications of pregnancy and childbirth can strain families with limited resources. 16,17 In countries where resources for health care are low, high fertility can further encumber fragile health systems. 16–20 Conversely, increased availability and use of family planning has been linked to improved economic and social development of families and broader communities. 11,16–20 The common determinants of contraceptive use (i.e., age, education, socioeconomic status) apply in the Cam-bodian context: 21–29 For example, …


In a previous phylogenetical survey of the hemocytopoietic tissues in submammalian vertebrates, it has been demonstrated that true lymphoid tissue comes into appearance for the first time in the spleen as early as at the evolutional level of elasmobranchs, and that spleen is an important seat of lymphocytopoiesis throughout the vertebrate series, with the exception of cyclostomes (0 s o g o e, 1953 and K a n es a d a, 1956). This is in sharp contrast to the opinion of Jordan (1938) and others, who claim that in lower vertebrates the spleen is the chief site of production of erythrocytes and thrombocytes. It is true that in urodeles the spleen does participate in erythropoiesis. In other animals, howeper, it scarcely shows such activity. In order to enlarge and refine our knowledge concerning the role of the spleen in hemocytopoiesis in lower vertebrates, the author has made an extensive comparative survey of this organ in submammalian vertebrates, in which special attention was directed to the fundamental structural elements of the spleen, the so-called " periarterial lymphoid sheath " in particular. This report, the first of a series of observations made along this line, will deal with the shape, position and relative weight of the spleen.


Kant's philosophy of science is famous for putting the lawful unity of nature centerstage. Kant argues that all natural phenomena are law-governed. Any appearance of lawlessness is only the result of our ignorance, and this is true whether we consider the animate or inanimate world. Kant puts this point unambiguously at the start of the Jäsche Logic: Everything in nature, both in the lifeless and in the living world, takes place according to rules, although we are not always acquainted with these rules. – Water falls according to laws of gravity, and in the case of animals locomotion also takes place according to rules. The fish in the water, the bird in the air, move according to rules. The whole of nature in general is really nothing but a connection of appearances according to rules; and there is no absence of rules anywhere. If we believe we have found such a thing, then in this case we can only say that we are not acquainted with the rules. (JL 9:11) Kant here uses "rules" in the place of "laws," but his central claim is clear.1 There is no exception to the law-governed character of natural phenomena. Kant develops this


In his bestselling guide, "Doing Honest Work in College: How to Prepare Citations, Avoid Plagiarism, and Achieve Real Academic Success," veteran teacher Charles Lipson brought welcome clarity to the principles of academic honesty as well as to the often murky issues surrounding plagiarism in the digital age. Thousands of students have turned to Lipson for no-nonsense advice on how to cite sources properly and avoid plagiarism when writing their research papers.With his latest book, "Cite Right," Lipson once again provides much-needed counsel in a concise and affordable handbook for students and researchers. Building on" Doing Honest Work in College," Lipson s new book offers a wealth of information on an even greater range of citation styles and details the intricacies of many additional kinds of sources.Lipson s introductory essay, Why Cite, explains the reasons it is so important to use citations and to present them accurately in research writing. In subsequent chapters, Lipson explains the main citation styles students and researchers are likely to encounter in their academic work: Chicago; MLA; APA; CSE (biological sciences); AMA (medical sciences); ACS (chemistry, mathematics, and computer science); physics, astrophysics, and astronomy;" Bluebook" and ALWD (law); and AAA (anthropology and ethnography). His discussions of these styles are presented simply and clearly with examples drawnfrom a wide range of source types crossing all disciplines, from the arts and humanities to science, law, and medicine.Based on deep experience in the academic trenches, "Cite Right" is an accessible, one-stop resource a must-have guide for students and researchers alike who need to prepare citations in any of the major disciplines and professional studies. "