. Big data has played a significant influence in practically every domain. Big data in healthcare also covers the collection of patient and clinical records. It is very large or challenging to comprehend using conventional data processing methods. Large data management has a number of challenges for improved service quality, the most important of which are big data privacy and security. The interchange of personal health information by the health care enterprise is a key barrier to system interoperability and patient access to medical records. The decentralised nature and security of block chain technology provide big data services a great chance to grow. Systems built on the block chain have the potential to reduce or eliminate the costs and friction associated with present middlemen. Block chain technologies offer numerous prospects for health care, but they must grow further. It is explored how to handle and share individual patient records with other institutional data. There is an introduction to block chain and big data, as well as information on the drivers pushing their integration and a study of block chain services for big data in the health industry. Various broad topics have described how block chain technology has aided health care systems. This provides a clear depiction of the issues that may arise while combining block chain with health care big data.


In To Kill Nations, Edward Kaplan explores the rise of one of the most commonly recognized features of the Cold War—mutually assured destruction (MAD)—in terms of the changes in air power strategy and national policy that ultimately transformed perceptions of nuclear weapons in the United States. By focusing on the background of this transition through the lens of nuclear airpower strategy in particular, Kaplan seeks to address a historiographical problem presented by the bodies of scholarship on air power and nuclear strategy. The shortcomings of these works, Kaplan argues, is that neither group sufficiently considers the historical implications of the other, thus ignoring or missing an important element of the Cold War narrative that combined air power and nuclear strategy into a key trend of U.S. Cold War policy: "air-atomic strategy," as he terms it. This strategy, he maintains, entailed the fusion of an extremely powerful and transformative new weapon with a military service that was both anxious to prove itself and firmly established in a mindset of warfighting that could not simultaneously accommodate both the nuclear bomb and rapidly changing technological and political factors. The result: the fission bomb and its thermonuclear cousin went from being powerful assets in the U.S. arsenal to apocalyptic forces of destruction whose use was morally indefensible and would likely destroy much of civilization (pp. 1–7). Kaplan's book is excellent history. He captures and explores a period in U.S. history characterized by an unprecedented, sweeping, and irreversible transition. Having just emerged victorious from the deadliest military conflict in history, the United States was in a position of immense power but faced with momentous and unprecedented responsibilities. In addition, U.S. military commanders were now in possession of the world's most powerful weapon, a monopoly of power they were anxious to define as simply another capability at the U.S. government's disposal. Kaplan observes that although this perspective seems dangerous and even ludicrous to us now, at the time U.S. Air Force generals were simply advocating a policy that meshed comfortably with their service's understanding of military strategy and national security. Kaplan's stated purpose is to provide the context for a time when nuclear aerial strategy seemed rational, even commonplace (p. 2). The context he provides is masterfully presented to describe the complexity of the post–World War II U.S. military and government


Endogenous synthesis of PUFAs is mediated by genes controlling fatty acid elongases 2 and 5 (ELOVL2 and ELOVL5) and by exogenous DHA intake. Associations between elongases and PUFA levels probably involve genetic variants of ELOVL and changes in DHA intake, but data about their combined effect on PUFA levels are sparse. We hypothesized that each factor would directly affect PUFAs and that interactions between haplotypes and DHA intake would influence PUFAs. We explored four levels of DHA intake in pregnant Chinese Han women and 10 SNPs in the ELOVL genes to determine associations with PUFAs in breast milk. The SNP rs3798713 and 3-SNP haplotype (rs2281591, rs12332786, and rs3798713) in ELOVL2 were associated with linoleic acid (LA) concentrations. However, carriers of the 3-SNP haplotype with higher DHA intake (second quartile: 14.58–43.15 mg/day) had higher concentrations of LA, arachidonic acid, EPA, and DHA compared with the interaction baseline. In ELOVL5, five SNPs (rs2294867, rs9357760, rs2397142, rs209512, and rs12207094) correlated with PUFA changes. Compared with those who had the 5-SNP haplotype C-A-C-G-A and low DHA intake (<14.58 mg/day), carriers with other haplotypes (A-A-C-A-A or C-A-C-A-A) and high DHA intake (≥118.82 mg/day) had increased EPA levels after adjustments for age and BMI. This study showed that maternal genetic variants in ELOVL2 and ELOVL5 were associated with PUFA levels in breast milk and that the combination of SNP haplotypes and higher DHA intake increased PUFA concentrations.


We have described a mouse model of PE (BPH5) that exhibits impaired placentation prior to onset of hypertension and proteinuria. The mechanisms of placental dysfunction in BPH5 are not known. Initial studies showed that CuZnSOD activity is reduced by half in mid‐gestation BPH5 placenta compared to controls (32.2±3.3 U/mg protein BPH5 vs 61.6±2.2 C57, p<0.05, n=5). Early gestation treatment of BPH5 mice with the SOD mimic Tempol (1mM in drinking water) prevented late‐gestational hypertension and proteinuria. Here we hypothesized that amelioration of PE in BPH5 occurred because Tempol restored the oxidative balance in placenta. EPR studies showed significant levels of Tempol in placenta of treated BPH5 (83.7±65.9 peak height/mg protein, n=6), whereas it was undetectable in controls. Early survival of implanted conceptuses was significantly improved from 61.9±4.2% (n=23) in untreated BPH5 to 84.9±3.2% (n=47, p<0.05) in Tempol‐treated BPH5. Tempol also normalized media:lumen ratios of decidual arteries in placental sections (2.47±0.3 BPH5, 1.69±0.2 BPH5 + Tempol, 1.34±0.2 C57, n=14–23, p<0.05), and this was associatedwith increases in mid‐gestation placental weights (66.0±4.5 mg BPH5 vs. 95.5±6.5 BPH5 + Tempol, n=46 & 28, p<0.05). These placental changes were paralleled by normalization of term fetal weight. These results demonstrate oxidative stress plays a key role in abnormal placentation in PE, and O2.‐ scavenging starting early in gestation normalizes feto‐placental outcomes.


Review(s) of: Fashioning intellectual property: Exhibition, advertising and the press 1789-1918, by Richardson, Megan and Thomas, Julian, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2012, ISBN 9 7805 2176 7569, 204 pp., A$135.00.


Introduction: A critical constraint on solar system formation is the high abundance of Al (t1/2=0.7 Myr). The abundance of Al as inferred in meteorites is ~17 times larger than the average ISM abundance at solar system birth from gamma-ray astronomy [1,2,3,6], which is too high [4,5,6] to be accounted for by longterm Galactic chemical evolution [7, 4, 8] or early solar system particle irradiation [9, 10]. This led to suggestions starting 40 years ago [11] that a nearby supernova (SN) explosion triggered the collapse of a molecular cloud and the formation of the solar system. Al was created via stellar and SN nucleosynthesis, and injected into the protostellar cloud by the shock wave. This suggestion has been followed up by several authors [7,12, 13]. If correct, one would expect this to be accompanied by a high abundance of Fe (t1/2=2.6 Myr) which is produced in SN explosions. Recent work instead found that the Fe/Fe ratio at solar system formation is about an order of magnitude lower that the average ISM value, inconsistent with direct injection from a nearby SN [6, 14]. Any potential model of solar system formation thus needs to explain both high Al/Al and low Fe/Fe ratios. The distribution of Al in the Galaxy closely traces the distribution of very massive stars, making Wolf-Rayet (W-R) stars and core-collapse SNe the primary candidates for Al production [20]. The former are stars with initial mass ≥ 25, which have lost their H and possibly He envelopes. In a study of the Carina region using INTEGRAL data, [21] found that the Al signal could not be accounted for by supernovae alone, and the fraction of Al ejected in W-R stars is high, indicating strong wind ejection of Al. Al has also been seen towards other star forming regions such as Cygnus [22], Orion [23], and ScorpiusCentaurus [24]. Many authors have suggested that stellar winds from massive stars, could be the source of Al in the early solar system. [5, 14, 15, 16, 19, 45]. Using a combination of semi-analytic calculations, astronomical observations, and numerical modeling, in this presentation we advance the idea that our solar system was born inside a Wolf-Rayet wind bubble. We show that this can simultaneously explain both the high Al and low Fe abundance. Wolf-Rayet Bubbles: W-R stars are post-mainsequence, hot massive stars which have strong winds with terminal velocities of 1000-2000 km s [31]. The combined action of the supersonic winds and ionizing radiation results in the formation of photo-ionized wind-blown bubbles around the stars, consisting of a low-density interior surrounded by a high-density shell (Fig. 1). Most of the volume is occupied by a lowdensity high-temperature plasma.


This paper introduces a feedback control system based on Smith's principle for bandwidth reservation and scheduling of all-photonic networks with large propagation delay. The approach is also applicable to any singlehop communication network with significant signalling delay (such as satellite-TDMA systems). Scheduling in widearea networks must be based on predictions of traffic demand and the resultant errors can lead to instability and unfairness. The feedback control system we propose reduces the effect of prediction errors, increasing the speed of the response to the sudden changes in traffic arrival rates and improving the fairness in the network through equalization of queue-lengths.


Water is used as insulated coolant and heat-transfer medium for steam-injection oil wells. Approach is somewhat analogous to cooling system in liquid-propellant rocket. In addition to trapping and delivering heat to steam-injection point, water will also keep casing cooler, preventing or reducing casing failures caused by thermal stresses.


Soybean allantoinase was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography, and gel filtration. The enzyme, which is present in soybean whey, was purified 67 I-fold from a pH 4.5 acetate buffer extract. The yield was more than 30~7c. Allantoinase has a sedimentation coefficient of 4.9S, which corresponds to a molecular weight of about 50,000. The enzyme has an optimum pH of 8.4, Km of 4.4 X 102 1\1. and an optimum temperature at 70°C. Short heating of the buffer extract activates the enzyme; it is six times more active at 70°C. than at 25'6C., bu t it inactivates twice as fast at temperatures higher than 70°C., its optimum activation point. Allantoinase (Allantoin amidohydrolase, EC 188.8.131.52) is one of the essential enzymes involved in purine degradation. Early studies (1,2,3) used crude enzyme preparations. In 1961, Nagai and Funahashi (4) obtained 60-fold purity of allantoinase from mung bean seedlings. Lee and Roush (5) used soybean allantoinase of fourto sixfold purity to determine its activity titrimetrically, manome trically, and polarimetrically. In 1965, Franke et al. (6) published a procedure to purify soybean allantoinase that included heat-treatment and adsorption on aluminum hydroxide gel. They obtained a 265-fold purification of the enzyme. The next year, Vogels et al. (7,8) compared the properties of allantoinase from bacterial, plant, and animal sources. Allantoinase from these different sources was classified into four groups according to its properties. Allantoinase is widely distributed in higher plants (9), microorganisms (I 0), and animals (II). Soybeans contain the highest allantoinase activity of the many plant seeds examined so far (7). An enzyme of high purity from soybean meal is needed to study its properties. We purified soybean allantoinase 671-fold by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose chromatography and gel filtration.' Our procedure for purification of the enzyme and some of its properties are described here. MATERIALS AND METHODS Crude Enzyme Preparation Hawkeye soybeans (1965 crop) were ground in a Weber pulverizer mill (prechiJIed with ice) and passed through a 100-mesh sieve. All handling of the enzyme was done at 4°C. except during heat-treatment. The freshly ground full-fat meal (l00 g.) was extracted wi~h 0.7 liter of 0.011\1 sodium acetate buffer (pH 4.5) for 2 hr. with continuous stirring. The mixture was centrifuged at 1,500 X g for 15 min. and the supernatant (about 500 ml.) was collected. The pH of the protein 1presented at the American Society of Plant Physiologists' meeting, College Park, Maryland. August 1966. Contribution from the Northern Regional Research Laboratory, Peoria, Ill. 61604. This is a laboratory of the Northern Utilization Research and Development Division, Agricultural Research Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed Or recommended by the Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned. 2present address: Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska. Lincoln, Nebraska. November. 1969 WANG AND ANDERSON 657 solution was adjusted to 7.0 with IN NaOH. The solution was stirred and heated to 75°C. in a water bath and held there for 5 min. After the solution was cooled quickly to 4°C., the denatured protein was removed by centrifugation. The supernatant proteins were fractionated by slow addition of solid ammonium sulfate to a desired percentage of saturation. The protein, which precipitated between 35 and 70% saturation, was collected and dissolved in less than 100 m1. water. The enzyme was dialyzed against 2 to 3 liters of water for 24 hr. with at least five to six changes of water. The precipitate that formed during dialysis was removed by centrifugation and discarded. Allantoinase present in the supernatant was lyophilized and stored in a freezer for future use. Crude enzyme so stored kept its activity for 6 months. Diethylaminoethyl Cellulose Chromatography A DEAE-cellulose column (2 X 43 cm.) was prepared and equilibrated with starting buffer (0.01 M phosphate, pH 7.6) as described by Peterson and Sober (12). Lyophilized crude enzyme (0.5 g.) was dissolved in this buffer, and then the solution was dialyzed in the cold against the same buffer for at least 2 hr. to remove residual ammonium sulfate. Precipitate formed during dialysis was removed by centrifugation. After the sample was applied to the column, 10 mL of starting buffer was [lin through it to remove any protein that had little or no affinity for the adsorbent. A four-step elution at a rate of 23 mL per hr. was then used with starting buffer containing 0.034, 0.1 00, 0.180, and O.l95M sodium chloride. Samples of 5 mL were collected in a fraction collector. Fractions were checked for enzymatic activity and fractions containing allantoinase were pooled, dialyzed against water, and lyophilized before the gel filtration step which is described later. There was no loss of enzymatic activity on dialysis ahd lyophilization. The addition of 0.0 1M 2-mercaptoethanol to the starting buffer had no effect on enzymatic activity. The enzyme collected after gel filtration was rechromatographed on a smaller DEAE-cellulose colunm (2 X 19 cm.) with gradient elution. The gradient was formed by dropwise addition of O. 7M sodium chloride in starting buffer to 200 m1. of starting buffer in a 500-mL conical mixing f1ask. Salt concentrations in the column eftluents were determined by conductivity measurements. The elution rate was 20 m!. per hr.. and 2 m!. of eluate was collected in each fraction. Fractions were analyzed for enzymatic activity, and the active fractions were pooled and stored in a freezer until further studies of their properties could be made. Gel Filtration Sephadex G-200 (purchased from Pharmacia) was allowed to swell for 48 hr. in O.03M phosphate buffer containing OAM sodium chloride (pH 7.6,f.l =0.5). A 2 X 21S-cIll. column was filled with the swollen Sephadex, and the enzyme preparation from stepwise DEAE-cellulose chromatography (in about 10 mL buffer) was layered on the column. Elution was carried out at a rate of 38 mL per hr. with the butTer used to expand the Sephadex. Fractions of 5 m!. were collected. Absorbance :It 2XO 1I1,Ll \Vas monitored continuously, and every third tube was analyzed for protein alld ellzymatic activity. Protein Analysis and Enzymatic Activity The ll1icro-Kjeldahl method of Johnson (13) and the procedure of Lowry et a1. 658 SOYBEAN ALLANTOINASE Vol. 46 (14) were used to determine the concentration of protein. Allantoinase activity assayed by the method of Young and Conway (3) exhibited a linear relation with incubation time and amount of enzyme. Unless otherwise stated, the enzymatic assay conditions were as follows: The reaction mixture with a total volume of 2 ml. contained 1.9 mg. of dl-allantoin and an appropriate amount of the enzyme in O.OIM phosphate buffer (pH 7.6). After incubation at 25°C. for 30 min. the hydrolysis was stopped by adding 0.5 m1. of 10% trichloroacetic acid. The extent of allantoin hydrolysis was determined on a O. I-ml. or larger fraction of the deproteinized supernatant. The unit of allantoinase activity is expressed as Jimoles of allantoin hydrolyzed in 30 min. under these conditions, and specific activity is given as allantoinase units per mg. of protein. The purified enzyme was centrifuged at room temperature with a Spinco Model E at 47,660 r.p.m. The protein solution was eqUilibrated for 2 hr. with O.03M phosphate buffer containing OAM sodium chloride (pH 7.a, Ji = 0.5) before centrifugation. The effect of pH on allantoinase activity was measured at 25 u C. in four buffers, each of 0.1 ionic strength, in four ranges: acetate buffer, pH 4.5 to 5.i); phosphate, 5.8 to 7.8; Tris, 7.8 to 9.0; and glycine, 9.0 to 1 J.O. A control was included at each point of measurement. Determinations were made in duplicate, and assay conditions were the same as described for enzymatic activity. The usual procedure was followed in studying the effect of heat on allantoinase by plotting loglok = (JiI2.303R) (1/T), where k is the reaction velocity, Ji the activation energy, R the gas constant, and T the absolute temperature. At each temperature the duration of heating was 5 min., and a control was included. The Km of allantoinase was calculated from a Lineweaver-Burk plot of enzymatic activities assayed at different suhstrate concentrations (pH 8.4 and aO°C.). Such conditions required a control at each concentration but less enzyme for assaying allantoinase activity.


The paper looks at 7 clones of 'Oblačinska' sour cherry with favourable pomological and technological properties. Fruit weight, soluble solids, total sugars and total acids in fruits of the clones investigated ranged 2.3 g (K-61)–3.4 g (K73), 17.0% (K-49 and K-50)–20.5% (K-73), 14.1% (K-70)–17.9% (K-49) and 2.00% (K-73)–2.24% (K-50), respectively. Sugar and acid ratio ranged between 6.5 (K-50) and 8.6 (K-61), which is a favourable property from the standpoint of technology of processing. All the clones selected deserve attention as they may add to the preservation of biodiversity and gene bank, and are suitable for commercial growing within an organised production framework.


Abstract This authors propose that intentionally designed capstone courses enhance student learning. The capstone typology offered will assist educators in designing a capstone experience that allows students the opportunity to synthesize the learning they acquire as they complete their business and management education. This typology can provide a framework regarding the design of the capstone, its intended outcomes, the breath of its academic scope, and its overall application to practice following completion of the educational program. The authors provide an example of an intentionally designed integrative capstone experience, conclusions, and suggestions for future study.


Extension of the acquis to the new Member States raises a number of questions relating to the temporal reach of Community rules. This paper examines a general doctrine underlying the solutions. It presents a classic intertemporal doctrine, which has influenced early jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice. Then, it comments upon the cases brought before the Court in the context of the 1995 enlargement, the entry into force of the EEA Agreement and also the Europe Agreements. These cases evidence substantial differences in the attitudes taken by the national courts, the Advocates General and the Court. One reason for divergence is that the line of reasoning adopted by the Court carries several interpretative difficulties characteristic of the classic doctrine. Secondly, controversies arise in the instances where the Court takes a proactive attitude, which is difficult to reconcile with the traditional scheme. It is argued that greater attention to the structure underlying the reasoning would help to strengthen justification of the Court's solutions and enhance their predictability. This is the more important, as the forthcoming accessions are likely to bring new disputes relating to the effects of Community law in time.


In July 2005 a survey was carried out to estimate the seroprevalence against peste des petites ruminants (PPR) in North West Mali (Koulikoro region, Nara 'cercle' that borders with Mauritania). Eight villages were randomly selected among all the villages in the 'cercle' and within each village a convenient sample of 20 sheep and 20 goats was selected from the 'village flock'. Sex and estimated age were recorded for each animal. Out of 310 valid samples 120 (37%) had detectable antibodies against PPR. The within flock prevalence ranged between 8% and 82%. Overall, 44% of goats and 34% of sheep were seropositive. The seroprevalence increased with the age: 16% among 1 year old animals, 20% in the 2 year group and 40% in the 3 year and more than 3 year groups. These results, obtained in a non-vaccinated population, demonstrate the recent and intense circulation of PPRV among small ruminants in the area and point at PPR as one of the health constrains in this production system. (Texte integral)


In Kryvyi Rih iron ore basin, long-term and intensive mining of deposits applying open pit methods have resulted in significant areas disturbed by open pits, dumps and tailings storage facilities. Hundreds of thousands of hectares of fertile arable land are already unsuitable for agriculture and sometimes for living. Thousands of tonnes of dust from dumps and tailing ponds deteriorate the surrounding nature every year and pollute the atmosphere in mining basins. Industrial ore breaking in open pits using bulk blasting causes emissions of a significant amount of harmful dust and carcinogenic substances. The environmental situation in open pit mining areas is often close to critical. In addition, bulk blasting forms a seismic wave, which in some cases destruct civil buildings and industrial facilities. The article proposes ways of gradual transition from mining mineral deposits by open pit methods to environmentally friendly technologies of open pit-underground and underground mining. It is established that such transition is a forced and at the same time choiceless way of developing mining areas, in particular Kryvyi Rih iron ore basin. The paper notes that the main problems of this transition include geomechanical stabilization of the rock massif during construction of underground mines in areas of possible impacts of open pit fields. The paper develops the fundamental study of the problems of controlling the stress-strain state of the massif during transition from the open pit to combined technology of deposit mining. Technologies of combined mining that involve formation of a transition belt with backfilling the worked-out space with compound mixtures are studied as well. It is proved that development of theoretical foundations for controlling the stress-strain state of the massif during transition from the open-pit to combined technology of deposit mining, study and design of technological solutions that contribute to transition to open pit-underground and underground mining, is an urgent scientific, technical and practical problem of great importance.


In the framework of the Euratom FIRST-Nuclides program, SCK•CEN conducted leaching experiments on a PWR UOX fuel, taken from the Belgian Tihange 1 reactor, with an average rod burnup of 50 MWd/kg_HM in order to determine the rapid release of some of the most critical radionuclides. Experiments were conducted with an intact and a declad spent fuel segment in contact with a reference carbonate solution. During one year, samplings were performed to determine the release of the most relevant radionuclides. The samples taken after six months of leaching were analysed by means of Thermal Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (TIMS). These results were compared to the total inventory measured with radiochemical burnup analyses, as well as with the calculated inventory profile along the pellet radius. The comparison gives information about the origin of the dissolved uranium.


Abstract This research investigated the general high-throughput synthetic protocol for the accelerated synthesis of functionalized trifluoromethylpyrazolopyrimidines 3 and N-(5-cyano-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) benzamide 4 from aminocyanopyrazole 1 precursors. The action of chlorosulfonyl isocyanate (CSI) with aminopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines 2 was found to produce triazolopyrimidinones 5 . The MTT test that quantifies mitochondrial reductive function demonstrated that in both cell lines tested (PE/CA-PJ41 and HePG2 cells), the benzamide compounds 4 are moderately toxic with PE/CA-PJ41 cells and more sensitive than HePG2 cells.


The quality safety behaviors of slaughter and processing enterprise as the core enterprise of high-quality pork supply chain play important roles in improving pork quality safety.This paper puts forward and discusses the conception,signification,content and forms of the good quality safety behavior of core enterprises in high quality pork supply chain.Present situation and major problems of the quality safety behavior of core enterprises in high quality pork supply chain is extracted from the first hand information based on questionnaires.To promote the quality safety behavior,this paper emphasisly gives countermeasures and proposals from three aspects: awareness,capability and environment.


In this paper we present the dominant energy loss mechanisms and quality factor (Q) limits in bulk mode micromechanical resonators. We demonstrate that in resonators with an appropriately designed stem connection to anchor the maximum achievable Q limit is set by either Thermoelastic dissipation (TED) or the Akhieser effect (AKE). Furthermore, we suggest a choice of materials for achieving maximum Q's in micromechanical resonators. It is established here that silicon resonators can theoretically achieve higher Q's than quartz and we predict that by using alternative materials, such as silicon carbide, it is possible to surpass the Q of quartz by more than an order of magnitude.


When information technology hit Indonesia in the early 90s, Executive Information System (EIS = Exekutive Information System) is one of the many features offered by the software maker to the company. Modules are intended for members of the Board of Directors and Senior Manager offers easy - certain facilities for the main actors of this business to conduct direct control cheaf of the company.
Executive Information System that the author made is the development of database applications, namely MIS (Management Information System). Design and character of these information systems tailored to the acceleration of existing facilities adjusted acceleration of activities undertaken. The tendency of executives looking at an information must be poured neatly within the existing scope of analysis, rather than mere observation of the data that already exists. Problems that occur during this on company case studies that the authors make is how to get the management of dynamic data in the presentation of information and support executives to obtain important information and how to create an information system that can display data or reports each layer management. With built-party management application is expected to more easily obtain important information from the application of the SIE


Objective:To assess the factors related to fetal macrosomia and their impact on the delivery mode and complications.Methods:The data of 109 cases of fetal macrosomia during 1998-2008 were retrospectively analyzed and compared with 110 cases of normal-weight newborn.Results:Fetal macrosomia was significantly associated with larger fetal biparietal diameter,higher maternal BMI(body mass index),larger maternal palace high plus abdominal circumference and higher maternal height.Fetal macrosomia was accom-panied by higher incidence of uterine-incision delivery and complication.Conclusion:Obstetricians can predict the possibility of fetal macrosomia through prenatal care.Infant-maternal complications will be reduced with less strict indication of uterine-incision delivery.


Attributed to the remarkable resistance offered against various types of corrosion, AISI 904L is used for a wide range of challenging applications. In this context, this research aims to conduct an in-depth corrosion study about the base material and weldments of 10 mm thick AISI 904L plates fabricated by autogenous activated tungsten inert gas (ATIG) welding and hot wire tungsten inert gas (HWTIG) welding techniques. The pitting resistance effective number (PREN) is analyzed to evaluate pitting corrosion resistance. The Tafel plot is drawn and evaluated for the electrochemical corrosion of base metal and weldments in a 3.5% NaCl solution, while the specimens immersed in 3.5% NaCl solution at 650oC for 24 hours are evaluated for hot corrosion behavior. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) is performed at 300C–9000C to study material behavior at elevated temperatures. Results indicate that the base metal, ATIG weldment, and HWTIG weldment have a PREN of 34. During Tafel plot analysis, the ATIG weldment displayed a corrosion rate of 0.02792 mm/year while the HWTIG weldment recorded 0.02091 mm/year. Corrosion rates of ATIG and HWTIG weldments during hot corrosion studies are 14.93 mm/year and 12.69 mm/year, respectively. During TGA analysis, the ATIG weldment suffered a weight loss of 12.42% while the HWTIG weldment lost only 9.68% of its weight during the process. FESEM + EDS analysis confirmed the presence of unmixed flux particles in the ATIG weldment, which could be attributed to the weldment's poor performance. In general, this research cemented the supremacy of the HWTIG weldment over the ATIG weldment with improved corrosion resistance and thermal stability. This study also contributed to a better understanding of the corrosion behavior of AISI 904L weldments under different environments that this superior grade of stainless steel alloy may encounter during its real-life applications.


The invention discloses a composite performance reinforcing agent for producing alumina silicate glass. The composite performance reinforcing agent for producing alumina silicate glass is the combination of at least two of metal oxides, including K2SO4, Na2SO4, Li2SO4, KNO3, NaNO3, LiNO3, SnO2 and Sb2O3, and two of rear-earth oxides, including La2O3, CeO2, Sm2O3, Yb2O3 and Nd2O3; the composite performance reinforcing agent is added to the basic formula of the alumina silicate glass, on one hand, the clarification performance of the alumina silicate glass in the smelting process can be enhanced, and the strength and mechanical and chemical stability are improved; on the other hand, rare-earth elements are added, so the structure of the glass body is changed, and the performance of the glass body is improved; after the composite performance reinforcing agent and the glass body are melted, and a composite effect is generated, so that the mechanical performance of the alumina silicate glass is improved, and the alumina silicate glass is enabled to have better environmental suitability.


Background : The aim of the study was to compare liver tissue oxygenation determined by near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) with central venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) and intestinal perfusion as measured by gastric intramucosal pH (pHi) in pediatric surgical patients.


In Taiwan, the social community, Facebook has been more and more powerful ever since being launched, and it serves as if a strong magnet, attracting teachers and students to share and discuss on such platform, and also to search for films, pictures, and messages of their specific interests. Some researchers have probed into the learning interaction and efficacy of a computer programming course, and the results show that not only could the learning interactions between teachers and students enhance, but also between students themselves under this environment supported by Facebook. We propose four steps of learning analytics to study students' behaviors and learning performances in a social community supporting computer programming course. Furthermore, our learning analytics method could decrease the time and energy consuming process, which includes collecting, correlating and organizing students' participative patterns. A reported case, focuses on students' engagement behaviors and its influence on students' learning outcomes, is carried out with 43 freshmen at a university in northern Taiwan. The results show that our learning analytics method benefits students' participative behaviors, which are related to students' learning achievements in the computer programming course supported by social community, since students could obtain better understanding under such learning mode.


Different one-shot optimization methods (a continuous as well as a discrete one) for aerodynamic shape design problems will be presented. These methods enable aerodynamic shape designs for the computational effort of a small, constant multiple of the effort of an aerodynamic simulation. Integral part of these approaches are suitable preconditioners for the coupled one-shot loop, gradient smoothing and shape derivatives. Furthermore, we discuss how to treat constraints in the context of one-shot methods. Finally, several validation and demonstration cases for the presented one-shot approaches will be shown.


ABSTRACTA new form of startup financing is poised to turn the world of early-stage financing on its head. The Crowdfund Act-part of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012-will permit middle-class citizens to invest online in startups for the first time. After the SEC finishes its rulemaking, equity crowdfunding-modeled on the success of rewards-based crowdfunding websites, such as Kickstarter and Indiegogo-will allow startups and eligible small businesses to raise up to $1 million over a twelve-month period by issuing equity shares to mom-and-pop retail investors through online "funding portals."A swelling tide of scholarship, media reports, and security industry publications warns about the risk of fraud inherent in the online selling of equity shares in startups to unsophisticated investors. However, this literature largely omits discussion of the problems with the new civil liability provision included in the Crowdfund Act-an express private action provision that will raise the transaction costs of crowdfunding and ensnare unwary issuers in its liability trap. In an attempt to address the fraud concern, Congress drafted this new civil liability provision as well as a detailed and extensive set of disclosure requirements for issuers to navigate. The new liability provision, which broadens the language of Section 12(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, imposes liability on the issuer and its officers and directors for false or misleading statements or omissions in any written or oral communication. A plaintiff need only prove that an untrue statement or misleading omission occurred and that the defendant did not exercise reasonable care, even if loss causation, reliance, and scienter are not shown.This Comment analyzes the hidden transaction costs in the Crowdfund Act, particularly the severe liability cost this provision imposes on issuers. Crowdfunded offerings present a new environment in which innocent but inexperienced entrepreneurs face increased risk of making a misstatement or misleading omission. Crowdfunded offerings confront a number of issues not faced by mature companies making public offerings, including the high failure rate of startups, the difficulty of working with emerging technology, the entrepreneurial psychological predisposition to risk, a lack of sophisticated disclosure assistance, and a dearth of due diligence.This Comment argues that the new liability provision not only will sweep too broadly-indiscriminately catching negligent entrepreneurs and fraudsters in its swath-but will also fail to provide an effective remedy for defrauded investors. Given the relatively small amount of money in play in a crowdfunded offering and the expense and difficulty of bringing a class action securities lawsuit, plaintiffs' attorneys are unlikely to pursue cases involving fraudulent behavior. This Comment concludes that the best solution to both issues is to impose scienter as an element of the civil liability provision while also awarding attorneys' fees to plaintiffs' attorneys successful on the merits at trial. This solution will decrease the up-front and hidden transaction costs for issuers and will incentivize plaintiffs' attorneys to pursue issuers committing fraud. Finally, this solution continues the SEC's goal of balancing securities regulations to protect investors and the integrity of the market, while keeping transaction costs low enough to maintain the utility of the market as this revolutionary experiment in startup financing takes root.INTRODUCTIONWhen startup Pebble Technology founder Eric Migicovsky needed additional funding to take his invention, a "smartwatch" that pairs with smartphones and runs apps, from prototype to production, he started off on the traditional road-he pitched his idea to the established venture capital firms in Silicon Valley.1 But, as is frequently the case, the traditional venture capital firms turned Migicovsky down.2 Migicovsky's startup then took a new, but increasingly common, approach: it turned to "the crowd" for funding. …


Organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells comprising conjugated polymers (as electron donor) and fullerene derivatives (as electron acceptor) deposited from solution make low cost photovoltaic-energy conversion feasible. [ 1 , 2 ] The active layer of BHJ solar cells comprises an interpenetrating network of polymer and fullerene domains that forms during deposition and drying. The energy-conversion process involves the creation of excitons upon light absorption which are dissociated into free charges at the donor/acceptor interface and are further transported towards the respective electrodes. Thus, for a given combination of donor and acceptor materials, the effi ciency of a BHJ critically depends on its nanoscale structural properties. Ideally, BHJs must have a large interface with domain sizes comparable to the exciton diffusion length (a few nano meters) and effective percolation paths to the electrodes, with balanced transport of holes and electrons. In reality, because of the variety and complex interplay of thermodynamic and kinetic factors that infl uence the resulting nanomorphology, optimization of the microstructure and the morphology is a laborious task that involves trialling many processing protocols. [ 3–5 ] Over


Abstract : The purpose of this technical note is to provide information regarding the use of the Environmental Residue-Effects Database (ERED) to interpret bioaccumulation data collected during environmental assessments of dredged material or contaminated sediments.


The aim of this study is to solve the issue of unsatisfactory treatment of cellar rainwater with conventional coagulation process which was caused by characteristics of little turbidity,lower temperature and presence of micro-pollutants for the villages and small towns of China's northwest region.The removal efficiencies of three coagulation processes,including potassium permanganate (KMnO_4) dosing solely,powdered activated carbon (PAC) dosing solely as well as the combination of potassium permanganate and powdered activated carbon were investigated.Meanwhile,different dosage and adding sequence of potassium permanganate and powdered activated carbon were also tested under similar processes.The static test results show that the treatment process of potassium permanganate combined with powdered activated carbon is the best solution for enhanced coagulation. Initially,the best condition of conventional coagulation was found as follows: the poly-aluminum and ferric chloride ( PAFC) dosage was 60 mg·L~(-1),the mixed-stirring time was 0.5 minute with the rate of 300 r·min~(-1),the flocculation-stirring time was 10 minutes with the rate of 100 r·min~(-1) and the settling time was 15 minutes. When the optimal dosage of KMnO_4 was 2 mg· L~(-1) and preoxidation time was 15 minutes accompanying with the optimal dosage of PAC (10 mg·L~(-1) ) added in 3 minutes after coagulant dosing,the removal rates of cellar rainwater turbidity and COD_((?)) were 98.5% and 56.6%,and the rates were 12.1 % and 22.5% higher than those of conventional coagulation.It was noteworthy that synergy presented between KMnO_4 and PAC in the removal of organic matter.With this process,the removal rate of COD_(Mn) was found 11 % and 8.8% higher than that of KMnO_4 dosing solely and PAC dosing solely.The treatment process of KMnO_4 combined with PAC was an ideal process for cellar rainwater treatment in northwest region villages and small towns.


The audible sound signals obtained in micro-milling processes are analyzed in the time and frequency domain for the tool wear and breakage monitoring. Micro end-mills of φ 700 μm are implemented in the tool wear test, along with a high speed spindle with speed up to 60000 rpm. The audible sound signals and vibration signals for different tool conditions were collected simultaneously in the cutting. After transferring data from time domain to the frequency domain, as well as the Wavelet coefficients, the capability of audible sound signals in detecting the tool condition for the micro milling process was evaluated.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


Abstract This paper compares government-led agenda and public-led agenda setting during the COVID-19 pandemic in China to investigate whether or not the pandemic enhances the government's role in agenda setting. Within-case comparison, aided by big data analysis and case study, finds an overall public-led pattern of agenda setting in China, and a mixture of government-led and public-led agenda setting during the pandemic. It is also found that Chinese government bodies pay attention to and are responsive to citizens' emotions expressed through social media.


.................................................................................................................................... iv Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................. v 1 Background ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Screening for cervical cancer ..................................................................................... 1 1.2 Guidelines of the screening program ......................................................................... 1 1.3 Treatment ................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Follow-up after conization ......................................................................................... 2 1.5 Treatment outcome .................................................................................................... 3 2 Objective ............................................................................................................................ 4 3 Material and methods ......................................................................................................... 4 3.1 Study population and definitions ............................................................................... 4 3.2 Outcomes ................................................................................................................... 5 3.2.1 Adherence to the guidelines for follow-up after conization .............................. 5 3.2.2 Residual disease and recurrence ........................................................................ 5 3.2.3 Statistical analysis .............................................................................................. 5 3.2.4 Formal approvals ............................................................................................... 6 4 Results ................................................................................................................................ 6 4.1 Study population characteristics ................................................................................ 6 4.2 Compliance to follow-up guidelines after treatment ................................................. 6 4.3 Residual disease ......................................................................................................... 6 4.4 Recurrent disease ....................................................................................................... 7 5 Discussion .......................................................................................................................... 8 5.1 Summary of findings .................................................................................................. 8 5.2 Compliance to follow-up guidelines after treatment ................................................. 8


The English historical novel is alive and well. The author wishes to show this and, to do so, he goes over the different historical periods and names the authors and titles which are most relevant for each period.


The pentacyclic quassinoid skeleton 3 is constructed from (S)-carvone involving a 1,3-sigmatropic rearrangement and an intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction as the key steps.


Optimization of a separator of a falling film evaporator has been conducted by using response surface approximation. The problem is to find the objective function values, maximum collection efficiency and minimum pressure drop in the separator. For this purpose, the relationship between four different design variables as vessel diameter, inlet nozzle diameter, outlet nozzle diameter, vessel height and objective function values have been analyzed by numerical simulation. 30 different design cases have been selected by latin hypercube sampling in the design space. SST model has been employed as a turbulence model and wall y plus has been limited to under 5. The response surface approximation was used to construct an approximation function for objective values and its accuracy was verified. Optimum design shape predicted by approximation function showed that the increased collection efficiency and decreased pressure drop by comparison with original separator. Through the research, optimization methods can be used in many other areas where there are expensive experiments and evaluations for engineering design.


Global warming is the most significant threat to the world during 21st century. It is the unusual rapid increase in earth average surface temperature over past century primarily due to the green house gasses released by people burning fossil fuels. Carbon trading is a system whereby countries or individual companies are set emission targets. Those that cannot meet their target can buy credits from countries or companies.
Carbon credits as a concept was discussed and formalized in the Kyoto Protocol. In December 1997, the Third Conference of Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) adopted the Kyoto Protocol. The protocol requires developed and developing countries to limit their Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions to individual targets.


Given the burgeoning interest in the study of urbanisms and urbanization in Asia (Ong & Roy 2012) there is also an impetus to study the material and social networks of infrastructure in the region that both enable and thwart such processes. A combined perspective on the (re)organizing of the socio-spatial relationships through urbanization and associated infrastructural changes is also contingent upon the (re)ordering of mobilities for the region. This panel aims to foreground the dynamics of transport and transportation in the context of these mobilities, as particularly manifest in automobilities. Anthropological studies of infrastructure have taken into account the large scalar attribute thereby informing the dominant discourse on urbanization in global South through perspectives on matters of roads, railways, bridges, airports and not on what Bedi argues are the more 'contingent forms of transport infrastructure'.  In foregrounding the study of the business of transport in and across Asia - 'transport consumption emergences' in Vietnam and Southeast Asia (Small), the 'embedded economies' of the taxi trade in Mumbai (Bedi) and the practice of 'drivery' in the Indian Himalayas (Joshi), this panel aims to draw together distinct (region) based studies of the shifts and transformations in the modes of mobility that have a critical bearing for the 'anticipation of automobility' (Small), for the socio-spatial reorganization of non-metropolitan spaces (Joshi) as well as for 'non-consent' in the moral economy of the taxi-trade (Bedi). Therefore, the panel aims to situate the respective ethnographic projects on transport in the coalescing of the material, social and economic processes in the context of Asia. While shifts in the configuration of both consumers and producers determined both locally and globally, form the backdrop of these papers, the contribution of the panel lies in navigating the conjunctures through which these shifts are articulated and contested. Therefore, rather than only providing descriptive accounts of the contemporaneous shifts in the business and practice of mobilities, particularly automobility, the panel aims to foreground the agency, affectivity and morality of such configurations. In doing so, it contributes to a study of transport that is not limited to the physical infrastructure of the built environment but also conceptualizes its embeddedness, emergence and autonomy. Participants: Dr. Tarini Bedi, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois at Chicago Email: email@example.com Embedded Economies of Non-Consent: Islamic Loans, Piety and Opposition in Mumbai's Taxi Trade Dr. Ivan Small, Assistant Professor, Department of Anthropology, Central Connecticut State University Mobilizing a Market: Transportation Emergences in Vietnam & Southeast Asia Email: email@example.com Bhoomika Joshi (Organizer), Doctoral Student, Department of Anthropology, Yale University Drivery: Automobility and Autonomy in the Indian Himalayas Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Dr. Stefan Tetzlaff (Discussant), Post Doctoral Reseearch Fellow, Centre for South Asian Studies, EHESS, Paris Email:  email@example.com


Aim The effect of confluent endothelial cell conditioned medium on the proliferation of cultured smooth muscle cells was studied in this article.Methods The conditioned medium of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (hUVEC-CM)was collected and fractionated into 3 fractions:namely A,containing proteoheparan sulfate,proteodermatan sulfate (DSPG) and proteochondroitin-dermatan sulfate(CSDSPG ),B(containing HSPG)and C(containing DSPG and CS-D8PG),by DEAE-Sephacelion -exchange chromatography with NaCl grabient elution.Effect of hUVEC-CM on cultured humanaortic smooth muscle cell(hASMC)proliferation was studied by cell count and 3H-TdR incorporation.Results All 3 fractions of hUVEC-CM could inhibit hASMC proliferation,but the percentages of inhibition were in the order of BAC.Conclusion HSPG is the major component of hUVEC-CM in the inhibition of hASMC growth.


A study of the expected value and the variance of the aggregate discounted claims of an insurance portfolio. Using renewal theory, an approximation is given in both cases.


Barcelona, Spain — Doctors here performed what they are calling a successful face transplant on a Spanish man in his 30s, All Headline News reports.


The aim of this contribution is to present a new prototype of decision support system based on mobile technologies and dynamic information. There are a large number of scenarios in which the deployment of decision support systems on mobile devices is desirable. So, users can run the system on their own mobile devices in order to provide their preferences at anytime and anywhere. The system incorporates a mechanism that allows to manage dynamic decision situations in which some information about the problem is not constant through the time, it gives more realism to decision processes with high or dynamic set of alternatives. In this prototype we allow the experts to use linguistic preference relations to express their preferences.


In this collection of previously published articles, Jensen has brought together and updated those most pertinent to the controversy which has become synonymous with his name. The cornerstone in the collection is the 1969 Harvard Educational Review (HER) paper which ignited the debate on the origin and nature of racial and social class differences in IQ, &dquo;How much can we boost IQ and scholastic achievement?&dquo; As might be expected from such an emotionally charged issue, the debate has generated more heat than light, but as the impartial reader of these papers can see, the fault for this lies far more with his intemperate critics than with Jensen. This observation is strengthened by a most revealing preface, written especially for this book, in which Jensen chronicles professional and other reactions to the HER paper. It should give pause to those who feel that free speech and academic freedom are totally secure and impregnable.


An experiment was designed with Randomized Complete Block Designed to investigate the effects of organic and inorganic nitrogen fertilizer at 90 kg N/ha on growth and leaf gas exchange in two varieties of Labisia pumila at 15 weeks after transplanting (WAT). In this study total biomass and photosynthesis (A) were significantly (P≤0.05) different among all factor. The results indicated that chicken manure enhanced the net photosynthetic rate (11.10 µmol/m²/s), stomatal conductance (0.40 mmol/m/s) and transpiration rate (5.30 mmol/m²/s) of L.pumila significantly after 31 weeks of planting. Chicken manure and Gobi indicated higher accumulation on total phenolic and total flavonoid compared to NPK green and control. Organic fertilizers (chicken manure and Gobi) were positively influenced the leaf gas exchange and growth of L.pumila as compared to the NPK green and control. This study proved that organic fertilizer can produce a quality of L. pumila compared to NPK green. Based on the principle of organic fertilizer which is slowly release from organic fertilizer will limit the nutrient availability for plant growth and allocate more carbon to produce secondary metabolites.


According to Sattler, this synthetic drug, similar to ephedrine and adrenaline, when injected in a 5% aqueous solution and the conjunctival sac, gives moderate pupil dilation for 2-3 hours without accommodation paralysis. Mydriasis can be increased by adding 0.3% homatropin to the 5% efetonin solution.


Effective fault management is essential for quality of service assurance in optical networks. Conventional fault management designs for optical networks mainly rely on threshold-based rules, which can hardly characterize the complex fault patterns therein. This article discusses the application of machine learning (ML) in actuating an automated optical network fault management architecture. The architecture is built on advanced optical performance monitoring (OPM) techniques and software-defined-networking-enabled programmable network control and management. With the viability of abundant OPM data, the architecture employs various ML models to automatically learn fault patterns and thereby realize data-driven cognitive fault management. We review the state of the art on fault detection, identification, and localization based on such an architecture, focusing specifically on soft failures. To overcome the applicability and scalability issues encountered by existing soft failure detection designs, we present a hybrid learning solution that combines the merits of supervised, unsupervised, and cooperative ML. In particular, we present a self-taught mechanism that self-learns fault patterns with unsupervised learning and then trains supervised learning classifiers with the learned patterns for online detection. We further introduce a broker-plane-aided federated learning framework to enable collaborative training of classifiers from multiple network domains while complying with domain privacy constraints. Performance evaluations show that the hybrid learning design can achieve high fault detection rates with negligible false alarms using less than 10 abnormal data samples (~ 0.1 percent of the scale of normal samples) for training.


The key purpose of this study was to investigate the implementation of environmental sustainability practices in Malaysian rural libraries. A qualitative approach was employed through interviews, observations, and examinations of documents related to the six (6) rural libraries which were involved in this study. This study concluded that rural libraries in Malaysia had not fully implemented the environmental sustainability elements as suggested by the International Federation of Library Association (IFLA). Nevertheless, rural libraries in Malaysia had put good effort into environmental sustainability practices.


Specifically, adolescents' general perception is that cannabis is no more harmful or addictive than other recreational drugs, such as alcohol or nicotine. These sentiments are echoed by advocates for legalization who point out that the morbidity, mortality, and economic costs to society, associated with alcohol and tobacco use, dwarf those associated with marijuana use.3 Associations between Cannabis Use and Physical Health Problems in Early Midlife: A Longitudinal Comparison of Persistent Cannabis vs Tobacco Users.4


Analysis to the experiment results of the magnetic susceptibility and the grain size of loess-soil profile in the Holocene in Xinzheng City,the source of loess-soil in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River is revealed.Experimental tests showed that the magnetic susceptibility of loess-soil sequences in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River was much lower than that in the Loess Plateau,but the grain size was much thicker than that in the Loess Plateau; and that,the loess in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River belonged to sandy loess.The contrasting on grain size for these two regions revealed that there were different dust sources,which belonged to different dust transporting aeolian systems.The loess in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River was a wind blown deposition of near source,while the thicker dust mainly came from the loose river deposition at the Yellow River alluvial fan in the east of Mengjin,and secondary came from soil erosion of the Loess Plateau.A large number of substances were provided by the frequent breaching of dike and route-changing,overflowing of the Yellow River.The carrying and pilling up the thicker dust was mainly caused by North -East wind.It's founded that speed of pilling up of the dust was very fast in the Holocene in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River.The speed was 18.6 cm/ka,which was about 2.3 time as that in the southeast of the Loess Plateau.


Great Britain is a significant financial centre in the world and its stock market has the major share of the world stock market. Changes at this market can largely influence investor behaviour, in particular as a result of the increased risk arising from the current situation. Higher risks at the stock market are reflected in the aggregate the rise in price volatility, as well as lower liquidity of the market. The term "country risk" is currently associated with not only emerging markets but also advanced ones. Whereas in the past economic research has focused mainly on credit risk, or country insolvency at the sovereign bond market, country risk studies are currently also targeting stock markets where the investor may encounter even higher risk. The purpose of this paper is to examine the sensitivity of the stock market movement to the UK's political risks linked to the Brexit, which may have consequences not only for the country, but for the whole of Europe. This fact must be considered by every investor when deciding about investment allocation into this country. At the same time, we will try to look at possible changes at the UK stock market from the outlook for the Industry 4.0, which in turn can positively influence the stock market. The results of analysis of stock indexes volatility FTSE100, DAX30 і S & P500 during the 2015-2017 years showed that political decisions on Brexit didn't had significant impact on the negative developing tendency of the stock market. In the paper, the authors proved the impact of the sectorial structure and export policy on the Country Risk and possibilities its changes as a result of the Industry 4.0 implementation. The issue of the future is debatable, where the decisive idea of a new industrial revolution and the need for a change in sectoral structures will also be reflected in the structure of stock markets.


Children with ADHD often experience difficulties with time perception which can cause them problems later in life. In order to help them in their daily life, an analog tool called "Pussla med tid" has been developed with the purpose of teaching these children the concept of time by visualizing it. What does not yet exist is a digital tool designed for the end user which is perceived as fun. This study evaluates the possibility of digitalizing the "Pussla med tid" tool and how it could be done to engage and meet the needs of the end users.This is a qualitative study that uses a user-centerd design (UCD) approach where the needs of the target group has been taken into careful consideration in every design decision. In order to find out needs, interviews with special educators were held. When developing the concept of the game, methods such as brainstorming, sketch books and moodboards were used to determine the interface and functions of the game. User tests were conducted in order to evaluate the level of engagement and whether it met the needs of the end users or not.According to the results, children with ADHD require a calm learning environment with little distractions and with an overview showing the entire process. Using this information when designing, a prototype was developed and tested by the target group. The results showed that the game was generally engaging and user friendly, but that there were a lack of satisfaction. Thislowlevelofsatisfactionwasprobablyduetothedifficulty level of the game which was perceived as low, and which did not offer the testers any challenges, which is important to create engagement. This study generated results that could help determine how a digital tool should be designed to engage the end user. The prototype that was developed showed both strengths and weaknesses, data which could be useful when designing similar tools with a shared purpose of being engaging.


: For decades' managers have sought to improve their organizational performance, this situation is as old as culture, globalization and business competitiveness forge ahead, opening the increasingly unbridgeable gaps, for companies that have not admitted change their traditional schemes.
Human Resource Management worries to strengthen its internal structure in order to project to the outside world conquest. In this context, people are no longer regarded as a necessary resource but replaceable within the organizational and functional structure, to become the most important of which capital depends on the good or bad functioning of the organization.
Following this example, G4S SECURE SOLUTIONS ECUADOR CIA. LTDA. It is dedicated to provide private security services; it has seen the necessity to improve Human Resource Management through the implementation of a management system of human talent.
The objective is to encourage a modern management, which allows high levels of satisfaction among its employees. The analysis made to the current processes, develop corrective actions in the proposal, the same that will benefit to the company. The proper use given to the project, with responsibility of the Department of Human Talent depends on the fulfillment of their goals.
En la propuesta se presenta un modelo a seguir para el proceso de Gestion del Talento Humano, el mismo que con su aplicacion permitira utilizar y desarrollar habilidades de los colaboradores que ayuden a que en la organizacion se logre un mejor desempeno laboral y consecuentemente se vuelva mas fuerte, productiva y rentable.
In this proposal a role model for the process of Human Resource Management is presented, the same as in its application will enable use and develop skills of employees that help the organization achieve a better work performance and consequently become stronger, productive and profitable.


Objective:To explore the clinical effect of bedsore of thoracolumbar spine by latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. Methods:A retrospective study of the clinical data of 9 patients with bedsore of thoracolumbar spine by latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap in Foshan tcm hospital from January 2005 to January 2008. Results:All flaps survived,8 repaired and 1 marginal necrosised and partial dehiscence,then cured after dressing change and suture. All followed-up half a year to 3 years,the results showed that normal skin appearance,texture soft. Conclusion:Application of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap treating thoracolumbar spine bedsore is simple and the result is reliable.


As with SMT, makes use of information extracted fromsententially-aligned corporaTranslation performed using database of examples extracted fromcorporaDuring translation, the input sentence is matched against theexample database and corresponding target language examples arerecombined to produce final translation.


Determination of exact distance to faulted place on electric power lines is of extreme importance for shortening of no voltage states in electric power system, minimizing losses and making easier finding of faulted place and transportation of servicemen to it. Many methods have been developed according to existing technologies with the only one aim: to make calculation of distance to fault more accurate. Here presented method is offering fast calculation of distance to fault eliminating influence of transition resistance on the place of the fault and eliminating influence of DC and harmonic components existing in electrical signals during transient process caused by the fault.


Fourier mid-infrared spectrometers have a wide range of applications in chemical analysis, but it cannot be used as a module or efficient instrumentation in life and in a wider range of applications for the limitation of the database of infrared spectra and comparison methods. Therefore, we try to use the TensorFlow framework to build a model to make a preliminary exploration of trying to establish a general discriminant model. In the case of the binary classification task of oil and water, the model can achieve an average success rate of 0.92. Under the task of classifying 15 substances, the model can achieve an average success rate of 0.23.


Concerns about T − 3−He atomic mass difference in the determination of neutrino mass from tritium beta decay are presented. (AIP)


A method for generating hydrogen bubbles electrolytically in the lower reaches of a body of water which is normally highly saturated with hydrogen; controlling the bubble size of the hydrogen bubbles within a range of from 100 to 600 microns so the hydrogen bubbles function as a vehicle to raise the oxygen deficient water to the surface, but the hydrogen bubbles substantially remain in the water near the surface of the body of water, moving along the surface thereof and move outwardly in a path therealong exposing the water so carried to natural aeration and sunlight; the range of the bubbles size being such as not to adhere to solid materials and carry them to the water surface to eliminate turbidity and the formation of floc.


Based on the understanding of intellectual property protection,this article makes analysis of the problems of the intellectual property protection in three stages:the construction of resources,the dissemination of information,and the information service in digital libraries.The authors of this article propose some macroeconomic measures concerning intellectual property protection from the following five aspects:awareness,the regulations and policies,the management organizations,techniques and the successful experiences of foreign countries.Some microcosmic measures are also presented from resource construction,resource dissemination and resource services in the article.


A flexible circuit module and related methods of manufacturing and applications for the flexible circuit module are provided. The flexible circuit module (200) comprises a flexible substrate (220), at least one flexible chip element (210), and a flexible top layer (240) disposed over the flexible substrate (220) and the flexible chip element (210). According to an aspect, a flexible circuit module is used in flexible electronic devices. According to another aspect, a flexible circuit module is attached to the inner surface of an electronic device and connected to a main board of the device. According to another aspect, a flexible circuit module is used in the place of a current printed circuit board (PCB) in a PCB Assembly (PCBA). According to another aspect, a flexible circuit module is rolled up and used inside an electronic device. According to another aspect, a flexible circuit module is molded.


The broad objective of the study was to ascertain the nature of relationship existing between Strategic Thinking and the Competitive Advantage of SMEs in South-East Nigeria. The study deployed survey research design, with a population of three hundred and eleven (311) selected SMEs in Anambra and Abia State of southeast Nigeria, and a sample size of 172 arrived at using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) formula. Pearson's Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to analyze the data, and hypothesis was tested at 5% level of significance. The findings revealed that a statistically significant relationship exists between Innovative Thinking and Value Creation of SMEs in South-East Nigeria (r = .972, p-value < 0.05). Sequel to this, it was concluded that the continuous existence of firms in a changing business environment require more than having resources of whatever kind; it transcends owning finance, equipment or even personnel. It was recommended among other things that owners of SMEs need to give other people, like family members and employees the opportunity to contribute to the innovative processes of their organization, as it will help them to create more value for their customers. Keywords: Strategic Thinking, Competitive Advantage, SME's, Innovative Thinking and Value Creation.


Monocular vision system is very commonly used in robots. But it is difficult for a monocular vision system to obtain the depth information of object, which results in the failure of 3D (three dimensional) measurement. In this paper, a motion-based measurement method is proposed for a monocular vision system consisting of yawing camera. The depth of object is estimated with the motion increment based on the interaction matrix when the camera translates with the moving platform. Then the object's X- and Y- coordinates are computed with the depth and its imaging coordinates. In the two typical cases of front view and side view, the errors caused by different variables are analyzed. The error in the motion increment is always an important error source. The experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed measurement method.


For unmanned ground vehicles (UGV), reliable and precise navigation solution is a main challenge in complex environment, especially when measurements of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) are abnormal. In order to address this challenge, we propose an algorithmic solution strategy and present a novel robust Kalman filter for UGV positioning via fusing information from GNSS and inertial navigation system (INS). Firstly, we review the positioning requirements of UGVs by analyzing the technical needs of continuously determining a vehicle's location on road and precise navigation of lane level. Secondly, a new robust algorithm of Kalman filter is designed to reduce the positioning errors of GNSS/INS integrated navigation system when GNSS signals are abnormal. Thirdly, the application of the proposed algorithm to UGV positioning is illustrated. Simulation results with real data sets gathered from road tests show that the new robust filter can help us to evaluate the information quality of measurement, and can further autonomously adjust the Kalman gain and error covariance estimation matrices online. As a result, the accuracy and robustness of integrated navigation with the new filter can be improved in GNSS-challenged environments.


An optical frequency comb generated by an InAs/InP quantum dash based passively mode-locked laser is investigated. The comb spans ~1.1THz, with 110 modes spaced by ~10GHz, and shows a long-term stability of 3x10-9 over 1000s.


Objective
To examine the relative importance of four emotion regulation strategies (i.e. cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, rumination and mindfulness) in explaining job burnout and depression of nurses.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study with questionnaires for 1 037 nurses from two general hospitals. Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), Ruminative Responses Scale (RRS) and Short Inventory of Mindfulness Capability (SIM-C) were assessed.

Results
Dominance analysis revealed that in terms of job burnout, rumination, cognitive reappraisal and mindfulness could explain 41.38% (0.132/0.319), 30.09% (0.096/0.319) and 28.53% (0.091/0.319). In terms of depression, rumination and mindfulness could explain 68.6% (0.362/0.528)and 24.43% (0.129/0.528).

Conclusions
Rumination and mindfulness were important predictors of job burnout and depression of nurses. This study indicates that reducing ruminative responses and enhancement of mindfulness are the important approach to reduce nurses′ job burnout and depression.

Key words:
Nurses; Emotion regulation strategy; Dominance analysis; Job burnout; Depression


The invention relates to an electronic smoking set and a smoking time detection method of the electronic smoking set. The electronic smoking set comprises a heating tube, a heating assembly, an air inlet pipeline, a temperature sensing wire and a circuit board, wherein the heating tube is provided with an accommodating cavity; the heating assembly is accommodated in the accommodating cavity; one end of the air inlet pipeline is arranged at one end of the heating tube in a sleeving way; in addition, the air inlet pipeline communicates with the accommodating cavity so as to form an air flow passage; the temperature sensing wire comprises a probe end; the probe end is arranged in the air flow passage and is positioned in a position near one end part of the heating assembly; the probe end is used for detecting the temperature of the air flow in the air flow passage; the circuit board is electrically connected with the heating assembly; and the circuit board is electrically connected with the other end of the temperature sensing wire. The probe end is used for detecting the temperature value at the beginning of the smoking and the temperature value at the end of the smoking to obtain the temperature difference; then, the temperature difference is converted into an inductance signal to obtain the smoking times; and the smoking times can be obtained without the negative pressure induction only through detecting the temperature change by the probe end of the temperature sensing wire, so that the smoking time detection accuracy can be effectively improved.


East Caucasian relative clause constructions (RCCs) are sometimes viewed as con-structed mainly on the basis of semantic and pragmatic information. In this paper, we consider RCCs in Mehweb and argue that, despite the fact that the interpre-tation of some of them may rely exclusively on semantics, syntactic mechanisms may also come into play in their organization. We present evidence that Mehweb has grammaticalized the resumptive use of reflexive pronouns, which thus can be contrasted with other uses of reflexive pronouns due to the restrictions on animate antecedents observed only in RCCs.


One of the most efficient areas today is the non-conventional energy resources based on wind energy. In enhancing real power, rotor & stator control during imbalance load conditions, the converter on grid side of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) tied to a wind generator must always be directed and controlled. The presented paper here presents the performance study of a DFIG based variable speed wind energy conversion system (WECS) using battery energy storage system (BESS) for smoothening of power. Due to the immense benefits of induction generators over other standard types of generators, their use has been most appropriate for maximizing the power development of non-conventional energy sources. Their benefits involve ultra-compact size per kW of generated power, durability, easier operation, and flexibility of manufacture. By using MATLAB/Simulink simulation, the performance parameters of the 3-phase DFIG used to provide the independent load at isolated regions are determined. The concept is based upon the inputs from the most common alternative energy sources as well as the operating circumstances in the Himalayan hilly terrains.


Based on a case study conducted in Yanhe River basin,a typical hilly-gully watershed located in the Loess Plateau,the decadal effects of soil and water conservation measures implemented in the basin on soil erosion,sediment transport,deposition process are analyzed.Soil and water conservation measures in the watershed have great influences on erosion,sediment transport and deposition processes,as well as the watershed sediment balance.The preliminary results show:(1) The sediment delivery ratio(SDR) has evidently declined due to the decadal large-scale erosion control measures implemented in the whole drainage area,reaching its minimum at 0.26 in 1970s and subsequently climbing up to 0.50~0.71 at the end of 1980s.(2) The dramatic decline of the SDR was caused by the ditch measures,i.e.,sediment-trapping check-dams and reservoirs,while the fluctuation of the SDR was apparently influenced by the quality and capacity of reservoirs and check dams.(3) The sediment interception effect of those ditch measures is 1.68~16.98 times as high as that of the sediment reduction with the slope measures,i.e.land terracing,tree-planting and grass-planting,indicating that those direct slope measures still to be improved.


The main objective is to investigate the stresses around the door opening for the load cases that creates highest stresses. The influence of different material thicknesses at the tower lower parts. It investigates the lower tower section which includes the door opening which is used for service and maintenance inside the tower. The loading of the tower generates the stresses around the door opening and these stresses will analyze for static analysis using the FEM software ANSYS 14.5. As there is more probability of having crack near the door opening. To investigate the influence on the stress level and ultimate load of the tower, the tower shell thickness around the door opening varied in simulation .There are total six models prepared in the paper among which two models are prepared with uniform thickness of 38 mm, two models are prepared with 38 mm thickness at the base and 15 mm at the top and two models are prepared with 70 mm thickness at the base and 15 mm at the top. For every condition there are two wind cases considered in first direction of wind is considered on the side of door opening and in second case wind direction is considered on the opposite side of the door opening. After got the values for the stresses fracture analysis and fatigue analysis of the section near the door opening have carried out. We uses steel of grade 355 (S355) and wind data has calculated according to the IS 875 part 3.


The history of the discovery of Cherenkov radiation is reviewed. Its early observations in particle accelerators and cosmic rays are described, and how it forms is qualitatively discussed. Types and high-energy physics applications of Cherenkov detectors are briefly outlined.


This month Krista Faber looks at some ideas to help school nurses manage the behaviour of pupils or students in their PSHE sessions.


In the last two decades much attention was paid to the creation of nanomaterials, and nanoand microstructures on their base, exhibiting the so-called "negative capacitance" (NC) effect that is equivalent to the prevailing of inductive contribution to their impedance. More recent studies were conducted with the thin-film granular nanocomposite materials containing FeCo-based ferromagnetic nanoparticles (with sizes 1-20 nm) in dielectric matrixes (alumina, PZT, calcium fluoride, silica). They have demonstrated that equivalent circuits for some types of these composites involve additionally the inductive component as well [1, 2]. It was shown that NC effect is enhanced in (FeCoZr)x(Al2O3)1-x, (FeCoZr)x(PZT)1-x and (FeCoZr)x(CaF2)1-x composite films deposited in argon-oxygen mixture due to the formation of FeCo-based oxide "shells" around the metallic nanoparticles. It was experimentally proved that such "core-shell" nanogranular film composites possess (at the determined metal-to-dielectric ratios) high values of specific "effective inductance" up to 20 H/ m   3 both after post-synthesis annealing (for composites FeCoZr-Al2O3) and just after ion-beam synthesis (for composites FeCoZr-PZT and FeCoZr-CaF2). So, the key moment for getting high values of specific "effective inductance" consists of the formation of FeCo-based nanoparticles with the structure "core-shell", embedded into dielectric matrix. In so doing, metallic FeCo-based "core" is surrounded by native FeCooxides having semiconducting properties. Only such nanostructures show NC (inductive-like) effect. To explain this effect we developed a special theoretical model of hopping carrier transport between nanoparticles under subjection of weak alternating electric field. The model takes into account the strong polarization of dielectric matrix, surrounding charged nanoparticles, resulting the dipole formation. The latter results in the delay of electrons on nanoparticles resulting in the positive angle of phase shift between current and voltage applied that is equivalent to the appearance (prevailing) of inductive-like impedance ("negative capacitance").


Background. Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a universal problem and is considered a significant public health issue. Health professionals are in an ideal position to recognise and respond to IPV and improve saftey of those experiencing IPV. But there is significant evidence that they do not always respond appropriately. Previous empirical work has suggested that increasing health professionals' awareness, recognition and empowerment in relation to IPV may positively influence their safety responses. As yet however the mechanisms for how this might work have not been explored. Methods Using methods and tools from the field of Theory of Change, we undertook a structured, six step analysis. Theory of Change involves a back-mapping (filling the gaps) from intended outcomes (improved IPV safety responses) to key domains considered to be important, i.e. awareness, recognition and empowerment. The aim of the process was to identify the requirements to bring about change in safety responses. Results We identified the requirements for each of the three domains: 1) Awareness (Enhancing understanding, increasing confidence, dispelling myths and stereotypes); 2) Recognition (Establishing trusting relationships, creating opportunities for disclosure); 3) Empowerment (Increasing likelihood of disclosure, appropriate support and referral). Each requirement area has a corresponding set of actions for safe practice. These cluster around four important areas: Education, training and clinical supervision; Interpersonal relationships; IPV enquiry; Safety planning. Conclusions In this presentation we will explore the important mechanisms through which health professionals' responses to IPV can be improved. The presentation will appeal to delegates interested in the relationship between health care, violence and IPV safety planning.


The research of public health ethics in contemporary China is in the starting point,whose content includes the definition of public health ethics,the goal and content of public health ethics research,the relationship of public health ethics,bioethics and medical ethics,the principles of public health ethics,and so on.However,public health ethics of contemporary China has not intact theory system,unique theory perspective and macroscopic value goal.


It is a core skill to engineering, but it's also a vital part of many other professions as well. John Blakeley therefore believes that the success of the Centre for Advanced Engineering's integrated risk management conference, which saw bankers, government officials, lawyers and engineers rubbing shoulders over March 12-13 in Wellington, is just beginning to tap a well of business interest in integrated risk management technique.


In-depth case studies, observing actual practice of service methods, service designs, and cafeteria design and decor in Child Nutrition Programs (CNPs) were conducted in five successful Georgia high schools. Successful high school CNPs were defined as programs with lunch participation greater that 60% combined with a fund balance sufficient to cover 2 months' operating cost and less than 50% of the students qualifying for free and reducedprice meals. The schools were identified as successful by the Georgia Department of Education Child Nutrition Division. Interviews with managers and directors, historical records, and on-site observations were utilized to seek data. Results suggested that dining room decor did not appear to be a factor in making the schools successful. With the exception of the two recently built schools, dining decor was basic. All schools had sufficient seats to accommodate all students during each lunch period. Although dining rooms were crowded, a few empty seats were always available. All five high schools had an automated point-of-sale system and directors and managers used related software to assist in materials management, production forecasting and scheduling, service, and monitoring performance. All directors had made changes to decrease the amount of time students waited in line including offering additional service lines and using remote serving lines throughout the dining area to provide many access points. All schools offered multiple (5 to 21) entree choices and several side items daily. Entrees were served to students, however, all other items were self-serve. Managers and directors were proud of the quality of the food served. All five schools prepared hot foods close to service time and continuously during service time to minimize holding. All used a


SUMMARY Automation of vehicular traffic in different forms has been considered by many people. It offers many advantages. Vehicular traffic dynamics for automated vehicle systems are developed here using calculus of variations and optimal control theory. Using such an optimization approach, the relationship of the traffic dynamics developed here and the traffic dynamics which have been used extensively before for non-automated systems is also shown. Such an approach considers multiple objective functions for the system.


There appear a lot of problems with the development of scale of vocational education,some of which are new ones while others are the ones in the process of the development of vocational education.Envisaging these problems is the key in further developing higher vocational education.The problems should be solved actively and smoothly,but not extravagantly,or it is adverse for the education.


This contribution to the Ethics section is intended to foster discussion about the relationship between multicultural competence and ethics; a timely discussion especially in view of the release in 2011 of the American Evaluation Association's Public Statement on Cultural Competence (http://www.eval.org/ccstatement.asp). Over the course of 2011, Leslie Goodyear, Ethics Section editor, conducted interviews with three experts on research with multicultural communities. Represented here, these discussions among Joseph Trimble, Ed Trickett and Celia Fisher covered important topics such as the meaning of multiculturalism, the ethical imperative of multicultural competence, and essential practices for competence in conducting research and evaluation in multicultural communities.


\9 OP-ED P. 3 Universities discriminating against hormones? One students proposed affirmative action plan for those with an abundance oftestosterone. A&E P. 12 Bring your sunscreen KTRU's Outdoor Show is coming tomorrow, o check the spread inside for pics and info on who's playing. SPORTS P. 16 Reach for the sky Jason Colwick vaulted the second-best pole vault in the world this year. This guy is awesome.


The change of the QCD vacuum in the nuclei as a result of the concentration of nucleons is discussed. By using the Lee model the change of the vacuum energy is ealeulated and a self-consistent equation for determining the bag radius of the bounded nucleon is established. Based on this scheme, a ...


Jejunal intussusception is a known complication of ileojejunal bypass surgery for obesity that may present as an acute abdomen. It can be avoided if the jejunum is anchored to the transverse mesocolon intra‐operatively.


Tourism is a complex phenomenon in scale and scope. Interrelated with other systems (ecological, social, economic, political) from the local to the global, its impacts and effects transcend borders, making coordination and regulation highly challenging. Global mobilities (both physical and virtual) and neoliberal globalization further complicate enabling just and sustainable tourism. New forms of governance are needed to address global threats like climate change and pandemics. This paper explores Immanuel Kant's transcendental perspective on "perpetual peace" and traces his evolving cosmopolitanism over a decade of essays. We then turn towards what appears to be a contradictory, immanent posthumanist approach from Gilles Deleuze. Radicalizing Kant using Deleuze leads to a different concept of 'normativity', grounded in an ideal of perpetual self-critique and self-creation. Such a critical, affirmative ethic opens possibilities for situated approaches to cosmopolitan rights and global justice, rather than global regulatory structures to coordinate effective and proactive actions.


The objective of this paper is to experimentally investigate the instability of an over-hung rigid centrifuge rotor partially filled with fluid. Specific emphasis has been placed on the developing process of rotor instability, the dynamical behavior of the rotor system while the instability occurs, and the frequency and direction of rotor whirl within the unstable region of rotational speeds. The effects of fluid-fill ratio on the rotor whirl frequency, the extent of the unstable region of rotational speeds, and the rotor imbalance are also studied. The detailed results clarify some issues and show some new phenomena on the instability of a rotor partially filled with fluid. The phenomena include: sub-synchronous frequency that does not result in instability of the rotor system and disappears in the unstable region at the larger fluid-fill ratios; different whirl frequencies entering the unstable region for slowly increasing and decreasing rotational speed operations; variable whirl frequency within the unstable region; hysteresis at the upper bound of the unstable region; and a break-down of the fluid free-surface.


Abstract Dynamic properties are specific for different pigments. Curves show the dependence on pigment loading of the dynamic modulus, ratio of dynamic to static modulus, internal friction, dynamic resilience, and calculated relative heat generation at constant force and at constant amplitude. For the same volume loading, the dynamic modulus and internal friction rank in the order: Superspectra, channel black, zinc oxide, clay, blanc fixe, Thermatomic black, i.e., roughly in the order of particle size. The calculated dynamic resilience depends on the ratio of the modulus to the internal friction and increases in the order Superspectra, channel black, clay, Thermatomic black, blanc fixe, zinc oxide. The dynamic modulus shows an almost linear relation with the internal friction for different loadings of the same pigment. The dynamic modulus is independent of the frequency in the range 20–150 cycles per second. It depends on the amplitude, an effect which may be connected with the warming of the test-piece d...


Xf 1g and 0-1 loss can be upper-bounded as: er 0-1 [hS] er 0-1; D 2EX j S(X) (X)j 2 q EX ( S(X) (X)) 2 We learnt that under certain conditions on weights, a weighted-average plug-in classier (or any learning algorithm that outputs such a classier for the same training sample) is universally Bayes consistent w.r.t 0-1 loss. One might wonder for what other learning algorithms can similar statements be made. Can some of the other commonly studied/used learning algorithms be shown to be Bayes consistent w.r.t. 0-1 loss? We've already seen results on Bayes consistency of the ERM algorithm w.r.t 0-1 loss at the expense of computational feasibility. At the other end of the spectrum, we have algorithms like SVM, Logistic Regression etc. that are ubiquitous and computationally feasible but do not directly operate on the 0-1 loss. A natural desideratum in such a situation would be 'the best of both worlds' i.e. can we somehow use the minimization of 'surrogate' regret by commonly employed learning algorithms as a proxy for minimizing the 0-1 regret? In this lecture we'll consider a specic class of surrogate loss functions, namely proper losses. Specically, we'll see a surrogate regret bound result - i.e. bounding the regret of a function w.r.t. the target loss of interest (in this case the 0-1 loss) in terms of the regret w.r.t. a surrogate loss on which the (feasible) algorithm of choice operates. Bayes consistency w.r.t surrogate loss would then imply Bayes consistency w.r.t 0-1 loss.


Thin-film copper-indium-gallium-selenide (CIGS) solar cells are commercially available with AM1.5 efficiencies greater than 9.0% and research cells with 18.8% efficiency have been reported. Earth orbit is being considered for a number of missions and it is timely to investigate the proton radiation resistance of commercially available CIGS solar cells. Analyses have been carried out in order to determine the energies and fluences for experimental radiation resistance investigations AP8MAX calculations and SRIM simulations suggest that proton energies in the 20 KeV to 1.0 MeV range should be investigated in order to understand the role of protons on the characteristics of the CIGS solar cells. While there are significant proton fluxes above 1.0 MeV, their effect on commercially available CIGS solar cells is relatively minor compared to protons with energies around 300 keV.