The Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF) was used to produce both 9 and 3 km resolution ensemble forecasts from the deterministic Global Forecast System (GFS) model for microclimatic, agricultural regions in New York State. The forecasts were then statistically post‐processed to generate probabilistic forecasts for surface temperature (T), specific humidity (q), incoming solar radiation (SR) and precipitation (P). T was post‐processed with non‐homogeneous Gaussian regression (NGR), q and SR with truncated NGR, and P with extended logistic regression. A comparison of forecast skill was conducted between these post‐processed forecasts, the raw WRF output, the GFS forecasts and forecasts from the National Weather Service's deterministic National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD). Overall, significant improvement was observed in post‐processed WRF forecasts over all other methods for all locations and variables. Furthermore, raw WRF ensembles were found to outperform deterministic NDFD, so that if observational data are unavailable for post‐processing, dynamically downscaled WRF should be selected over deterministic, human‐altered NDFD forecasts. Finally, the 9 km post‐processed WRF had the same forecast skill as the 3 km post‐processed WRF, except for precipitation, rendering the 3 km WRF unnecessary if observational data are available, saving computational cost.


Patients with diabetes are more likely than patients without diabetes to suffer adverse events after acute coronary syndromes (ACSs), and recent trials


We report the variability in aerosol optical depth (AOD) (550 nm) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, surface winds from QSCAT, and air mass trajectories from HYSPLIT, about 15 days prior to the formation of the super cyclones GONU (over the Arabian Sea during June 2-5, 2007) and SIDR (over the Bay of Bengal during November 11-16, 2007) in the Indian Ocean. The analysis reveals a persistent "aerosol low" with AOD at 0.1 in the region of the cyclone formation and a region with AOD at 0.7-0.9 in the adjacent domains. The variability in the QSCAT wind fields and air mass trajectories also supports the presence of the "aerosol low." Analysis of the seven deadliest hurricanes (Katrina, etc.) in the last decade over the North Atlantic also reveals the "aerosol low" patterns of AOD variability, about 15 days prior to the occurrence of these hurricanes.


A computer game's artificial intelligence is often scripted using a domain-specific language designed specifically for the game. An approach to language design and prototyping, particularly appropriate to domain-specific ones, is that of embedding a language within a general purpose host language. In this paper, we present an approach to artificial intelligence scripting using embedded languages where the embedded language scripts become data objects in the host language enabling parametrized strategies and their manipulation through host language programs. We identify three classes of scripts: (i) fixed scripts written directly in the embedded language; (ii) adaptive scripts, dynamically generated and modified by the host language programs whilst reacting to the state of the game; and (iii) adaptive scripts which, by means of multi-tiered language frameworks, allow for different levels of abstraction in the specification of game artificial intelligence.


Using improved bioassay techniques, plasma concentration of the anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) was determined in thirteen normal subjects, seven patients with chronic renal diseases, and ten patients with central diabetes insipidus. Three different experimental conditions were examined, at two hr after lunch or supper at rest (standard conditions); after overnight restriction of water intake (dehydrated conditions) and after loading excess water (over-hydrated conditions). Osmolality of plasma and urine was also determined. The mean values for ADH concentration in plasma of normal subjects under the standard, dehydrated and over-hydrated conditions were 3.2 ± 0.5, 4.0 ± 0.8, and 0.8 ± 0.2 μU/ml, respectively. Collected data obtained from normal subjects revealed that plasma ADH concentration sharply rose when plasma osmolality exceeded 270 mOsm/kg, but apparent plasma threshold osmolality which caused U/P osmolar ratio of more than unity was around 275-285 mOsm/kg. When compared the ADH levels between standard and dehydrated conditions for individual subjects there were significant increases after the dehydration despite unchanged plasma osmolality, suggesting that some factor or factors other than plasma osmolality may modify the relationship beteen plasma ADH concentration and osmolality. In patients with chronic renal diseases, plasma ADH concentration for the standard and dehydrated states were 3.3 ± 0.9 and 4.9 ± 1.3 μU/ml, respectively. These patients responded to dehydration with an increase in ADH concentration but with much less increase in U/P osmolar ratio. The findings are in accord with the pathophysiological conditions of these patients with impaired renal concentrating capacity without impaired ADH releasing mechanism. In patients with central diabetes insipidus, plasma ADH concentra-tion under the standard and dehydrated states (after 3% decrease in body weight) were 0.4±0.1 and 0.9 ± 0.2 μU/ml, respectively. These patients responded to the dehydration test with a remarkable increase in plasma osmolality (288.6 ± 5.3 to 300 ± 7.3 mOsm/kg) without significant increase in plasma ADH concentration.


Due to the characteristics of discontinuous support and flexible manoeuvring characteristics, the legged robot is expected to play an important role in military, rescue and transportation tasks. The high dynamic characteristics of movement and the high uncertainty of the environment and load make the robot's compliant control particularly important, especially when facing complex environments and rough terrain. Impedance control is an effective method to solve this problem. The traditional impedance control structure has an upper limit on the response time of the system, and parameter setting generally depends on experience. This paper presents an improved impedance control method for legged robots. We have improved the structure by introducing force changes and decomposed the controller into force-position conversion factors and impedance subsystems, which can greatly shorten the response time of the system. We also improved the method of parameter setting. Simultaneously, we propose an optimization target and optimization method for impedance control parameters, aiming to improve the adaptability of the legged robot to the asynchronous state and load. We have realized the impedance control of the adaptive parameters on the platform of both single robot and the quadruped robot, and the experiment verifies the effectiveness of the method.


The possibility of utilization of overburden rocks of the Chernovsky brown coal and Baleysko-Taseevsky gold occurrences (Trans-Baikal Region) in the road construction industry is studied. Polymeric additives Cryogelite and StabOL were chosen as stabilizing additives in the compositions of road-building composites. The initial mineral samples were examined by methods of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma, powder diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. It was found that the introduction to formulation of composites with use of overburden rocks of 8 wt. % Portland cement and 10 wt. % fly ash, as well as stabilizing additives Cryogelit (Chernovskoe occurrence) and StabOL (Baleysko-Taseevskoe occurrence), allows to obtain samples with strength grade M40 and frost resistance grade F15. The biotesting method proved that the obtained composites do not have an acute toxic effect on test objects and are safe for the environment and human health.


Some other useful material is contained in two appendices to the book. First is a summary of relevant forcing models, relegated to the appendix in order to avoid the complications of forcing in the main text. References are given for proofs of the theorems mentioned here. Next Jensen's absoluteness theorem, mentioned above, is proved. This theorem is applied to prove another theorem of Jensen's: It is consistent that there is an elementary embedding from K into K with critical point K but no model L\U~\ with U a measure on K (of course there must then be a model L[ l / ] with U a measure on some cardinal larger than K). Jensen claimed this theorem in earlier handwritten notes but the proof has not previously been available. All of this material is, of course, difficult reading. It is complete enough and the errors, though present, are uncommon enough that it can be read by a reader unfamiliar with the theory (though not by one unfamiliar with the area—the reader should first be acquainted with the papers reviewed in XLVI 864). The approach in the book is somewhat more abstract than that in the papers because Dodd attempts to give a theory that will be useful for more general models. However useful this theory may be later, it seems likely to complicate the issue now. As a result, the papers may be easier to follow.


The matrix elements of the electrostatic interaction have been determined and tabulated, in terms of Slater–Condon integrals or Racah parameters, for the states arising from pN, dN, fN, and gN configurations; in particular, the results for gN configurations have never been determined before. The effect of the interaction between states of the same symmetry and multiplicity, arising from a given configuration, is exemplified with numerical results for Pr, 4f36s2.


Field experiment conducted at the Crop Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar during 1985 and 1986 revealed that unrestricted weed growth reduced the herbage and oil yields of Japanese mint by 86.6 and 87.8%. respectively. Pendimethalin at 1.5 and oxyfluorfen at 0.3 kg/ha as pre-eme. application recorded the highest weed control efficiency and also produced the green herbage, oil and menthol yield compared to the yield of weed free treatment. Fluchloralin as preplant soil incorporation was toxic to mint crop. mint oil.


A waste heat recollecting ventilation device is provided to prevent a heat exchanger from being deteriorated by preventing the heat exchanger from being contaminated in not heating/cooling an indoor space and to thereby elongate a lifetime. A waste heat recollecting ventilation device consists of a duct(50) divided into an air supply duct(100) inflowing outdoor air to an indoor space by a supply fan and an air exhaust duct(200) across the air supply duct to outflow indoor air to the outside by an exhaust fan; a heat exchanger(300) installed at the cross of the air supply duct and the air exhaust duct and partitioned adjacent to plural air supply paths(370) communicated with the air supply duct and plural air exhaust paths(390) communicated with the air exhaust duct to exchange heat between air in the air supply path and the air exhaust path; a vertical partition wall(52) for preventing interference between the air supply duct and the air exhaust duct; a damper actuator(53) formed at each edge protruded up and down on the heat exchanger; and a damper(54) rotating the damper actuator about a rotary shaft to a certain radius.


Interest and need for stem cell therapy and transplantation have been growing as there are still many fields that current medicine is limited to ameliorate. For example, the number of people in the United States who live with spinal cord injury (SCI) in 2013 was estimated to be ~273,000. What is mor...


In the construction of high-speed railways in our country, various complex terrains and geologies are often encountered. Therefore, the treatment of special subgrades, especially the reinforcement of soft soil subgrades, becomes extremely important. Currently, there are many methods for reinforcing weak and soft soil foundations, and during construction, appropriate and economical treatment methods should be selected based on the actual site conditions. This article intends to use the reinforcement treatment of the subgrade in the section from DK30+000 to +347.62 of the Ningbo-Hangzhou Passenger Dedicated Line as a basis to discuss the reinforcement of soft soil foundations and the application of CFG piles in soft soil foundations.


We analytically verify that the computational complexity of Grover's search is of order $\log N$, where $N$ is the number of items in the database, for quantum annealing by the imaginary-time Schr\"{o}dinger equation with linearly decreasing fluctuation. The computational complexity in quantum annealing by the real-time Schr\"{o}dinger equation is of order $\sqrt{N}$, even if the time-dependent Hamiltonian is optimally tuned during the protocol to efficiently identify the ground state. The contrastive results for real-time and imaginary-time evolution seem to imply that classical dynamics, which can be mapped to imaginary-time Schr\"{o}dinger dynamics, are exponentially faster than real-time Schr\"{o}dinger dynamics. However, this result dose not immediately suggest that the exponential fast algorithm is established, but rather our system is not physically realistic. Quantum annealing behavior is fundamentally different in the real-time and imaginary-time Schr\"{o}dinger equations when the annealing time is not sufficiently long and the Landau-Zener transition is dominant. We found that simulations of quantum annealing based on imaginary-time quantum Monte Carlo methods were reliable for demonstrating actual behavior in a real-time region, only for an adiabatically evolved system.


Support groups are an important resource for people living with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, little is known about the effect of leadership on support-group facilitators, despite their importance in producing positive group-member outcomes. The current study assessed the needs, challenges, rewards, and psychological well-being of 61 MS support-group facilitators (56% response rate), with purpose-designed and standardized measures. On the whole, participants did not display significant difficulty with group leadership, had good psychological well-being, and found their work highly rewarding. However, one third of leaders reported a lower level of personal accomplishment, which is suggestive of burnout. Leadership training, resources, and support were identified as the main areas of concern. Significant predictors of a higher number of challenges among MS facilitators included being male, not receiving formal supervision, and spending more time running MS group meetings per week. Further investigation ...


In 1988, a new archaeological account of the Stefano shipwreck emerged with the publication of Unfinished Voyages: Western Australian Shipwrecks 1851-1880. [1] When writing about the Stefano shipwreck, the authors, Graeme and Kandy-Jane Henderson, made extensive use of Walcott's 1876 report including the sketch that Walcott drew during his inspection.[2] The Hendersons began by suggesting a possible location of the shipwreck:


Background: There was an identified need to review the use of the manufacturer provided upper reference limit (URL) of the thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) assay for the Indian population. URL′s provided by manufacturers are usually based on western populations. This study triggered from our clinical feedback, identified that there is indeed difference for the URL for the Indian population compared to what the manufacturer has provided for the TSH assay. Materials and Method: Prospective study with volunteers from St. John′s Medial College Hospital general health check who were pre-screened and selected based on inclusion/exclusion criteria decided for the purpose. We utilised the Access ® range of Chemiluminescence based Immuno assay system from Beckman Coulter Inc., Brea. CA, USA for this study. As indicated in the "background", we investigated URL of the TSH assay. Results and Conclusion: Results strongly favored the reduction of the URL to be more suitable for the population covered in this study.


The effect of sex hormones on pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) has not been reported. We report the case of a 34‐year‐old woman with chronic PG leg ulcers who was found to have recurring, premenstrual flares of PG. Her PG flares were controlled with the use of ethinyl estradiol/drospirenone.


The constraints in the path of sustainable, cost-effective, and efficient photovoltaic power supply to the irrigation system in remote areas are addressed in this work. The intrinsic thermal losses in the PV system due to high working temperature and shading losses that are caused by dirt are mitigated through water cleaning mechanisms. Moreover, the protection against lightning strikes and surges is assimilated in the system to ensure the durability of the PV system. Lastly, cost analysis of 0.4 MW PV plant for the Area of 7444.69 m2 has been performed by the Homer Pro, and comparison is made with the same size of a Hydro power plant to estimate the economic feasibility of power generation for the purpose of irrigation through the pump house. The water-cooling mechanism resulted in the gain of one volt per panel of 260 W, which is a significant improvement with regard to collective PV plant generation. As the water cleaning mechanism for dust removal is accompanied with the cooling process, it results in the two volts rise per panel. Additionally, a cost analysis of 0.4 MW PV system provided a significant budget saving estimating USD ~2 million as compared to that of a Hydel power plant of the same size.


The aim is to analyze the contribution of the Brazilian Graduate Programs (PPGs) in the Environmental Sciences (CiAmb) CAPES evaluation area to society in the process of incorporating the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Therefore, an analysis of final papers, dissertations and theses was carried out, comprising 13 PPGs with Doctoral Programs awarded a mark of "7, 6 and 5", two with Professional Master's Programs awarded a mark of "5", and two with national network Professional Master's Programs. The data, obtained from the Sucupira Platform, were compared with descriptors from the 17 SDG and analyzed by means of a computational algorithm. The results were organized according to the dimensions of the SDG and by region Furthermore, the environmental dimension stands out from the others, and the PPGs have taken efforts to the commitment to comply with the 2030 Agenda, characterizing the relevance and importance of the Environmental Sciences Area to the education of human talents that contribute to the country's sustainable development.


Pk -factorization of a complete bipartite graph for k, an even integer was studied by H. Wang [1]. Further, Beiling Du [2] extended the work of H.Wang, and studied the P2k-factorization of complete bipartite multigraph. For odd value of k the work on factorization was done by a number of researchers[3,4,5]. P3-factorization of complete bipartite graph was studied by K.Ushio [3]. P5-factorization of complete bipartite graph was studied by J.Wang etal [4]. Further, P7-factorization was studied by J.Wang [5] and he gave necessary and sufficient conditions for its existence. In the present paper we study the P9-factorization of complete bipartite graph Km,n and show that the necessary and sufficient conditions for its existence are: (1) 5m ≥ 4n, (2) 5n ≥ 4m, (3) m + n ≡ 0(mod 9) and (4) 9mn/8(m + n) is an integer. Mathematics Subject Classification: 68R10, 05C70


While giving a brief description of the major books with plant illustrations in ancient China,this paper analyzes the aims,contents and characteristics of these illustrations,as well as the relation between pictorial and literal expression,based on several important books such as Er Ya Yin Tu,Ben Cao Tu Jing and Jiu Huang Ben Cao. It further discusses related intellectual records of these drawings,and their function in knowledge transmission. Though the quality of plant illustrations in ancient Chinese books improved continuously,considering the amount of books with illustrations,their effectiveness in delivering botanical knowledge,and the relationship between illustrations and writings in books,it is argued that the weakness of plant illustrations,compared with text,may have had a somewhat negative influence on the deepening of traditional botanical knowledge.


A mismatched filter, comprised of a matched filter in cascade with a parameterized multiplicative finite-duration impulse response (FIR) filter, is proposed. For a given mainlobe to sidelobe ratio, the proposed filter is longer than the length-optimal filters but uses fewer multipliers and adders. Results are shown for Barker codes of length 5, 7, 11, and 13 and extended to compound Barker codes.


The Ag-mediated electrophilic [(18)F]fluorination of an arylboronic ester is reported. This new radiochemical transformation uses [(18)F]selectfluor bis(triflate) in acetone. The process gave 6-[(18)F]fluoro-L-DOPA with a RCY of 19 ± 12% and a specific activity of 2.6 ± 0.3 GBq μmol(-1).


This report makes a review of historic emission control regulation from road vehicles in Europe, including conventional air pollutants and greenhouse gases. It then links these historic phases with new and upcoming regulations. The emission regulations have largely dictated the emission control technologies which are used in today's vehicles. Based on this, the report makes an outline of which are the new vehicle technologies and, based on literature values, suggests emission factors that can be used for urban, rural, and highway driving. The report ends with an assessment of the remaining environmental problems and the uncertainties related to the emission factors proposed. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server http://europa.eu. How to obtain EU publications Our publications are available from EU Bookshop (http://publications.europa.eu/howto/index_en.htm), where you can place an order with the sales agent of your choice. The Publications Office has a worldwide network of sales agents. You can obtain their contact details by sending a fax to (352) 29 29-42758. European Commission EUR 26952 EN – Joint Research Centre – Institute for Energy and Transport Title: Emission Factors for new and upcoming technologies in road transport Author(s): Leonidas Ntziachristos, Maria Cristina Galassi Editor: Panagiota Dilara Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union 2014 – 96 pp. – 16.5 x 23.5 cm EUR – Scientific and Technical Research series – ISSN 1831-9424 (online), ISSN 1018-5593 (print) ISBN 978-92-79-44408-1 (PDF) ISBN 978-92-79-44407-4 (print) doi:10.2790/776323 ISBN 978-92-79-44408-1 doi:10.2790/776323 JRC Mission As the Commission's in-house science service, the Joint Research Centre's mission is to provide EU policies with independent, evidence-based scientific and technical support throughout the whole policy cycle. Working in close cooperation with policy Directorates-General, the JRC addresses key societal challenges while stimulating innovation through developing new methods, tools and standards, and sharing its know-how with the Member States, the scientific community and international partners. Serving society Stimulating innovation Supporting legislation L D -N A -2 6 9 5 2 -E N -N


Kamal Alfamart success is determined by several things,the first is the image, these factors are related to the company'soverall image is formed through interaction in the form of helpingconsumers identify a brand and differentiate it from other brands. Thisresearch is conclusive research. The population in this study iscustomer at Kamal Alfamart minimarket. Samples taken as many as136 people with accidental sampling technique. Measuring instrumentused a questionnaire, and the data were analyzed with multiple linearregression. The results of t test, store image variables which consistsof: place, product, price, customer service, promotion, and physicalfacilities influence partially and between all variables, product giveshighes influence.Keywords: purchasing decision, store image.


Abstract Philodemus' De signis is one of the classical texts of greatest semiotic interest. It reports the debate which arose between the Epicureans and an opposing school, usually identified as the Stoics, concerning semiotic inference. The Epicureans proposed to construct semiotic inferences based on generalizations resting on similarity, ultimately configuring their method as a form of induction. Their opponents attacked the Epicurean proposal in a twofold way: on the one hand, they argued that the Epicureans' method intrinsically lacked cogency, invalidating their inferences from a logical point of view. On the other, they criticized the notion of similarity, arguing that it is generally a vague notion, and in some cases impossible to implement, as when one is faced with unique cases. The debate is very complex and is divided into replies and rejoinders. The ultimate impression one gets is that the Epicureans were able, for the first time in antiquity, to propose a real method to construct semiotic inferences, even though the latter were subject to fallibility, while their opponents did not propose a method, but a test, "elimination," able only to check the logical soundness of semiotic inferences. In doing so, they placed themselves in a tradition extending back to the theory of signs formulated – albeit in a significantly different way – by Aristotle.


Excitation energy of a metal-to-ligand charge-transferred triplet state of a rhenium complex was transferred over a distance of 10 A to 2-anthracenecarboxylate trapped in the hydrophobic cavity of the cyclodextrin unit which was linked covalently to one of the ligands of the complex.


Ancient village is a kind of special cultural landscape,and a tour-explaining system plays a critical role in the tourists' acquisition of a satisfying tour experience.Successful tour-explaining system provides tourists a better understanding of the ancient cultural connotation,higher appreciation ability and more interesting travel experience.At the same time,tour-explaining system is a key factor to strengthen the ancient villages' competitive ability and serve as an indispensable part as far as tourism products are concerned.Based on the analysis of the special features of ancient village landscape,this paper establishes its explaining system including the subsystems of static written-explaining,dynamic verbal-explaining,and special tour-lines explaining,etc.This system offers good service with fine examples,benefiting the tourists in an all-round and multi-angle way.


A method for determining the probabilistic characteristics of solutions of the double pendulum with varying length subject to random forcing is given. The method is based on the stochastic integral Volterra equation of the second kind and not, as usually, on the multidimensional impulse transition function which is difficult to determine in the case of the system of differential equations parameters of which change in time. Formulae for the correlation function as well as the autocorrelation function of the solutions are given. The variance of the solutions for two types of the stochastic processes forcing the pendulum motion is calculated numerically.


Unable to organize their collective power, Third World countries depend on international regulations on foreign investment and transfer of technology to balance the economic scales more in their favor. This is the first book to research the history of such regulation and suggests strategies to policy officials and transnational corporation officers for improving regulation in the future. Examining the international community from political, economic, and legal perspectives, it gives a comprehensive understanding of all the issues involved in regulation.


The third generation of scholarly interpretations of China's imperial bureaucracy is now appearing. The first generation, of which Max Weber was but one of many representatives, featured broad comparative conclusions, highlighting either the precocity of this long-evolving merit-based organization or the venality to which it had sunk, in part through an alleged stifling impact on commercial initiative. The second generation, marked by a resurgence of publications during the late 1950s and early 1960s, provided essential details for reinterpreting both ideal and actual patterns and for explaining the bureaucracy's position within some wider environment. Many of the important writings on premodern Chinese social structure belong to this generation of studies, including analyses of extensive social mobility through the examination system and of imperial control achieved in local areas with few personnel. Now the new generation eschews treatment of the environment in which the bureaucracy operated, instead focusing intensively on aspects of the bureaucracy's internal structure. Thomas Metzger's book typifies this new breed in relying heavily on a specific body of primary sources chosen from the wide assortment of Chinese administrative publications, in restricting the time perspective primarily to the first two-thirds of the Ch'ing dynasty (1644-1911) and in widely employing contemporary social science concepts. Drawing on detailed information concerning the relationship between law and bureaucratic organization, Professor Metzger refutes oversimplified impressions of China's long-standing governmental system that have lingered from the earlier generations of writings.


Some child protection cases exemplify a certain kind of cooperative interdependence, a consequence of the ways in which practitioners and clients are entangled. Client and practitioner are "stuck" with each other and need each other to succeed. There is also an intrinsic power imbalance that technique, ideology, and skill cannot hide and that has risks for the well-being and success of the practitioner-client relationship. There is also a risk to the practitioner of biases caused by successful influence. "Productive conflict," defined as conflict under conditions of cooperative interdependence, may compensate for these challenges and lead to "integrative solutions." In these cases the conflict itself is a kind of collaboration.


Results from a qualitative interview study of three physics professors at a large public research university are presented. Faculty view building physics expertise as moving through stages, developing knowledge skills, and adopting the norms of the community, which is consistent with the legitimate peripheral participation model. Expertise research has provided insightful ideas about how people learn and what educators could do to move students toward greater expertise (National Research Council, 2000). Research on physics expertise, particularly, has shown how physics experts differ from novices in their problem solving skills (Chi, Feltovish, & Glaser, 1981; Reif & Heller, 1982). However, physics expertise research thus far has focused on cognitive aspects of the physics expert rather than on how one becomes an expert. The cognitive view of experts is rooted in a positivist perspective that assumes learning and knowledge happens in the mind (Rogoff, Matusov, & White, 1996). To learn more about the process of becoming an expert and the best conditions to facilitate this process, a constructivist view of learning is needed. Theoretical Framework Constructivist theories and perspectives, such as situated cognition, situated learning, distributed cognition, and learning as transformation of participation, place learning within a context (Brown, 1989; Lave & Wegner, 1991; Rogoff, et al., 1996). Within a context suggests that "learning, thinking, and knowing are relations among people engaged in activity in, with, and arising from the socially and culturally structured world" (Lave, 1993, p.67). Learning as situated within a context leads to an exploration of the apprenticeship model of learning as the foundation for the process of becoming a physics expert. The perspective of learning as transformation of legitimate peripheral participation within a community of practice is an apprenticeship model that describes the trajectory from newcomer, or novice, to old-timer, or expert. The apprentice, or novice, begins the journey as a legitimate peripheral participant, where legitimacy is defined as recognition by other community members that the apprentice can be a part of the community. The apprentice is given legitimate access to participate in the community with minimal responsibility (Lave & Wegner, 1991). Over time, the apprentice is acknowledged by the community as having legitimate potential of becoming a full participant in order to increase their centripetal participation as an old-timer. Centripetal participation toward full participation describes the increased engagement of a participant within the community of practice. Within the community of practice, increased participation also implies the replacement of old-timers. Furthermore, the reproduction cycles of communities of practice leave an "historical trace of artifacts; physical, linguistic or symbolic, and of social structures, which constitute and reconstitute the practice over time" (Lave & Wegner, 1991, p. 58). As old-timers retire, they leave a legacy and knowledge that is passed down from one generation of old-timers to the next. In physics, the reproduction cycle is reflected in the basic physics knowledge attained from


Background: Psychiatric illness is mental disorder or mental illness that can be explained as mental or behavior pattern that causes either suffering or poor ability to function in ordinary life. In our country psychiatric problems are increasing day by day. Very little has been done in South Punjab in this regard. Objective: To assess the health seeking behavior among psychiatric patients attending Psychiatric OPD of Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. Methodology: Study Design: Cross-sectional th th study. Setting: Psychiatry Outdoor, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. Duration: From 15 February to 15 May 2016. Sample Size:116 patients were interviewed. A predesigned and pre-tested questionnaire was used for the data collection. Subjects of study were all the patients who were suffering from Psychiatric illness between 18-65 years of age and of either sex. A total of 116 consecutive patients were included in the study. The questionnaire was prepared and presented. It included variables on age, sex, socioeconomic status, family history, occupation, marital status & education and questions on health seeking behavior, like st nd rd th Health care provider, 1 contact, 2 contact, 3 contact and 4 contact, distance travelled for health care. All data was collected after getting informed verbal consent from patients. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS 16. The frequencies and percentages were calculated on categorical variables. Means and Standard Deviation were calculated on numerical variables. The data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 16. Results: There were total of 116 subjects included in study. 64% patients were males and 36% were females. 32.8% were illiterate while 36.2% had primary level education. 81% mothers and 46.6% fathers of patients were illiterate. 63.8% patients were married and 67.2% were living in urban areas. Among 116 patients, 41.4% has depression, 19% epilepsy, 17.2% anxiety, 12.1 % schizophrenia and 10.3 % insomnia. Out of those, 56.9% of the patients went to Spiritual healer, 20.7% to Psychiatrist, 13.8% to Physician and 8.8% to Hakim overall in the study for the treatment of their psychiatric problems. Conclusion: This study showed that more than half of the patients with psychiatric problems went to Spiritual healers as first contact for health care. There is a dire need of health education programme to launch for the sensitization of people regarding to improve quality of life of psychiatric patients and improve health seeking behaviour.


Potato buds cvs. Spunta and Valor were cultured in vitro on MS solid medium supplemented with 0.2 mg -1 BAP. The resulting plantlets were irradiated with gamma radiation doses 10, 20, 30 and 40Gy. Irradiated single node pieces were transferred onto fresh MS with BAP. Plantlets survival percentage calculated after eight weeks, gamma radiation caused decrease in the survival percentage of micropropagated buds in both Spunta and Valor cultivars ranging from 91.4 % to 28.5% in cv. Spunta and 93.3% to 30.47% in cv. Valor, comparing with the values of the two non-irradiated cultivares 95.2% and 96.2% respectively. Microtubers produced from irradiated plantlets were decreased with increasing gamma radiation doses with changes in size and numbers. The estimated proline content in irradiated plantlets was increased with increasing gamma radiation dose. The genomic DNA of non-irradiated (control) in two cultivars and eight radiation treatments was amplified with 10 RAPD primers that generated 54 polymorphic bands. The highest number of genetic similarity was 0.9672 showed between irradiated plantlets with dose 20 and 30Gy in cv. Valor. However, the highest genetic distance was 0.3995 observed between irradiated plantlets with dose 20Gy in cv. Valor and 30Gy in cv. Spunta. The dendrogram generated by cluster analysis distinguished the irradiated plantlets genetically.


How can ordinary journalistic and academic researchers, young doctoral candidates in particular, get past the gatekeepers and access the exclusive world of elite policy-makers and top executives for purposes of interviewing? This is the question this case study will address. The author found that non-random "snowball sampling" or chain-referral can begin with the gatekeepers, who themselves give access to elite interviewees. In the context of a process tracing study, this is a potent methodology. In short, the key to getting "snowball access" rolling is the interpersonal relationships that the researcher should establish with the first few persons who grant an interview.


The symbols of industrial might--iron, steel, power and energy--come easily to a description of Essington Lewis, perhaps the most formative CEO of BHP, and director-general of munitions and aircraft production during World War II. A personality of immense force, he had a deep and abiding dislike of pretension and publicity, an obsessive regard for order, an impressive ability to focus on end goals while maintaining a grasp of detail and, above all, a driving energy and strength of purpose.


Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil. Confl icts of interest: none to declare. Abstract Objective: To identify the clinical and sociodemographic profi le of long-living elderly at an intensive care unit. Methods: Cross-sectional, retrospective and quantitative study, developed at the ICU of a private hospital in Salvador. The participants were longliving elderly admitted between January 2014 and December 2015, hospitalized for 24 hours or longer. The data were collected in the patients' electronic charts. The data collection instrument was constructed based on the information contained mainly in the nursing history, aiming to register the sociodemographic and clinical variables. The collected data were typed in Excel 2010 and analyzed using statistical software. For the sake of comparison between the variables, Pearson's χ test was used. The results are presented in tables and their discussion rests on evidence about the theme. Results: Among the 252 long-living elderly identifi ed, 64.3% were female. 63.9% came from the emergency service, a statistically signifi cant factor if related to mortality, and 91.3% of them presented comorbidities, particularly non-transmissible chronic conditions, mainly cardiovascular conditions (81.7%) and diabetes mellitus (32.9%). Non-infectious manifestations (84.5%) were the main causes of hospitalization. Upon admission, 71.0% were hydrated, 65.1% eutrophic, 39.3% breathing environmental air spontaneously, 57.5% with spontaneous diurhesis and 77.0% with intact skin. The prevailing length of hospitalization was between 11 and 20 days (24.6%), with death as the main outcome (51.6%). Conclusion: Even in favorable conditions upon admission, the duration of hospitalization at the unit was long and the percentage of deaths was high.


People's belief in free will is shown to influence the perception of personal control in self and others. The current study tested the hypothesis that individuals who believe in free will attribute stronger personal blame to obese people and to people with mental illness (schizophrenia) for their adverse health outcomes. Results from a sample of 1110 participants showed that the belief in free will subscale is positively correlated with perceptions of the controllability of these adverse health conditions. The findings suggest that free will beliefs are correlated with attribution of blame to people with obesity and mental health issues. The study contributes to the understanding of the possible negative implications of people's free will beliefs.


Wilhelm Launhardt (1832‐1918) is a founder of mathematical economics. His main work, Mathematical Foundations of Economics, published in 1885, was translated into English in 1993. As an engineer, he contributed to the field of not only engineering, but also of economics and, in particular, to those parts in economics which can be treated fruitfully with mathematics. Launhardt developed his work independently from the French engineers, but based it squarely on the work of the agricultural engineer von Thunen. He made references to the economists Sax, Walras and Jevons. His main economic contribution lies in founding location theory but, beyond that, he contributed to the mathematical treatment of economics, labor economics, monetary economics and technology economics with a special emphasis on railway issues from a locational point of view. Hence, it is the purpose of this paper to show how Launhardt used mathematics in his engineering‐based approach to the economics of location and technology.


Context Surgical resection is the only curative option for the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. If preoperatively undetected, the presence of arterial variants with or without their neoplastic involvement, could be the cause of intra- or post-operative complications, particularly during a pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). As reported, a normal arterial anatomy of the celiac axis and of the superior mesenteric artery is present in only 55-60% of patients. Objective The objective of this study is to demonstrate the role of arterial variants in pancreatic surgery. Methods From 2008 to 2012, 85 patients were submitted to a multidetector CT scan before undergoing pancreatic surgery, paying particular attention to the 3D reconstruction of vascular anatomy. Results This preoperative evaluation showed a normal vascular anatomy in 84.7% of cases while 15.7% patients showed at least one arterial variant. In one patient we observed the origin of the gastroduodenal artery from the left hepatic artery, in 4 cases the left hepatic artery (LHA) from the left gastric artery (LGA) (Michels type II), in 1 case (1.2%) the right hepatic artery (RHA) from the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) (Michels type III), in 1 case the RHA from the SMA and the LHA from LGA (Michels type II + type III), in 1 case the proper hepatic artery from the SMA (Michels type IX) and in 1 patient an accessory RHA for the IV hepatic segment from the SMA and an accessory left hepatic artery from the LGA (Michels type VII). The arcuate ligament syndrome was also detected in 4 subjects (4.7%). Conclusions According to our experience, the preoperative identification of these variant arteries seems very important. These data suggest that in patients who undergo pancreatic surgery, besides the evaluation of portal vein and/or superior mesenteric vessels tumor impairment, the arterial vascular anatomy should be always studied preoperatively to avoid severe intra- or post-operative complications such as bleeding, hepatic failure and biliary fistulas.


The Virgin Islands in the course of centuries have witnessed the coming and going of Ciboney, Arawak and Carib peoples, European discovery by Christopher Columbus, temporary occupation by pirates and adventurers, colonization, commercial and plantation development by Danes and other North European settlers, African slavery and its abolition, American purchase, colonial government, social and political change, and in recent years remarkable tourist and industrial developments. These and other topics have been narrated and interpreted by Dr. Isaac Dookhan in this first comprehensive history of the U.S. Virgin Islands. Dr. Dookhan is eminently well qualified for this undertaking. He was born in the British colony of British Guiana, now independent Guyana, where he was educated in the public schools and served as teacher and headmaster. The author has drawn upon primary and secondary sources in recounting the experience of the Virgin Islands and their peoples. He is concerned with successive waves of immigrants, how they affected the physical environment and cultural life of the islands, the impact of international wars and politics, commodity price movements, and technological changes.


Objective To evaluate the value of transcatheter artery embolization (TAE) in the control of haemorrhage due to pelvic fracture Methods TAE was carried out in 19 patients with haemorrhage due to pelvic fracture All the patients had shock with the blood pressure (40~90)/(0~60) mm Hg Two patients underwent the embolization of splenic artery at the same time Results The extravasation of the contrast agent appeared in 15 patients in the arteriography The time of TAE was less than 60 min The blood pressure of these 19 patients increased steadily after the operation All were cured with the help of effective emergency treatment,except 3 patients died of DIC in 72 h and 1 patient died during successive operation. Conclusion TAE is a safe and effective method in controlling haemorrhage due to pelvic fracture, and the survival rate is affected respectively by the following clinical management


Victor Davis Hanson, An Autumn of War: What America Learned from September 11 and the War on Terrorism (New York: Anchor Books, 2002) Roger Scruton, The West and the Rest: Globalization and the Terrorist Threat (Wilmington, DE: Intercollegiate Studies Institute, 2002).


Nanomaterials
Metal quantum clusters have ideal properties for medical applications such as imaging. The challenge is to prolong their transient properties for the fabrication of useful devices. Santiago-Gonzalez et al. arranged gold clusters in a supramolecular lattice held together by hydrogen


In order to create a sustainable future for the urban environment in s=Smart cities, it is necessary to develop a concept of urban transport, partially reduce the use of traditional transport, primarily cars, as well as the environmental pressure on society, which is essential to move to a sustainable urban future. In the latest discussions on the future of the urban transport system, the quality of the environment, and the possibility of its improvement are discussed, this issue became especially relevant with the onset of the pandemic, when the lockdowns were introduced. The problem of sustainable transport in urban areas has been recognized in academic studies, searching for appropriate models and solutions. The article presents the latest literature review and illustrates the newest trends with several examples. VOS Viewer software has been used to classify the different keywords, according to their co-citation, following clustering techniques. By analyzing the research conducted by other researchers, it has been possible to structure the ecosystem and trends in the Urban Transportation Concept, also mentioning likely future trends. Based on the literature analysis of the Sustainable Urban Transport, the authors of the study found that a large group of researchers deal with technical solutions and innovative business models, while the essential behavioral aspects are examined in less detail. Extensive literature analysis allowed the authors to select several solutions to achieve the transformation towards sustainable transportation in urban areas: new vehicle technologies and their environmental factors' analysis, geographic information systems, the analytic hierarchy process method, the time series analysis of road traffic accidents using multiplicative models, electrification and use of Friedman Analysis of Variance by Ranks, as well as innovations in sharing mobility.


Due to the long review cycle for mobile applications in the application market and the consideration of reducing the size of Android Package (APK), dynamic code loading (DCL) technology has been introduced into mainstream Android applications. DCL technology allows applications to load or execute external binaries, which can be loaded locally or downloaded from the network. It has solved the problem of long examination cycle in the application market. However, DCL technology also brings some security problems: only when the application runs or executes key points can trigger DCL. This increases the difficulty of market review application, and also gives malicious attackers an opportunity to attack applications. So we designed a tool SLDroid to automatically detect and analyze DCL. We used SLDroid to analyze the application of App Treasure Market. Our results were based on the use of DCL in 1934 apps of 20 different types in App Treasure Market. We investigated the possible risks of DCL usage in the application.


Forecasting financial currency markets is an extremely challenging problem because of the complex and highly chaotic nature of such markets. Motivated by the substantial profits that could be gained by having a system that could accurately predict large trends in the market, financial institutions are looking on advances in machine learning, neural networks, and statistics to provide them with another analysis tool. Researchers are investigating the use of back-propagation neural networks for financial time series prediction, due to their success on other pattern recognition problems such as machine & handwritten character recognition. However, to date their performance has been considerably lower than that achieved on the character recognition problem domain. This is due in large part to the tremendous amount of noise inherent in the data, which hinders the learning of good mapping functions. We believe that redundant forecasting through the synergistic use of multiple neural network predictors in combination with an intelligent decision aggregation scheme, may be the key to increasing the success rate of computer-aided forecasting systems. In this paper, we conduct an empirical and comparative study on the use of alternative methods for data preprocessing, fitness evaluation, and decision fusion. We demonstrate the advantage of our multiple classifier approach in predicting changes in the foreign exchange rate of the U.S. Dollar versus the German Mark over 250 days of trading.


Northwestern University The basic formulation of a Telugu vowel syncope rule is discussed here, and certain peculiarities of its application to /CVC/ sequences containing a retroflex obstruent are pointed out. These peculiarities can be explained within the framework provided by the theory of natural assimilation in Schachter 1969. Situations arise where the syncope rule must choose the vowel to be deleted among several potentially deletable vowels. In certain cases of this sort, it is the output of a rule applying later than the syncope rule which provides a means of predicting which vowel is deleted. If we allow the syncope rule to look ahead in derivations at possible outputs, and impose on it a constraint derived partly from Schachter's assimilation theory, the phenomena of syncope can be explained.


Banking institutions have been used as the main means to commit fraudulent banking laws. The lack of regulations in banking and strict bank secrecy in a country can make it possible for perpetrators of banking fraud to freely take advantage of banking facilities for their violations. The rigid and closed nature of the principle of bank secrecy is one of the factors that can lead to the widespread use of banks in banking fraud. The problem in this study is how to implement bank secrecy in legal construction and the obstacles faced in implementing it. The research method uses a descriptive type of research with an empirical legal approach or sociological juridical. This type of research is a type of research that examines library materials (secondary data) or library law research. The data sources for this research are primary legal materials and secondary legal materials, as well as legal materials. This research uses Library Research, qualitative descriptive data analysis method. The research problems were analyzed using the theory of justice and the theory of expediency. The results of the study conclude that during the disclosure of bank secrecy it is necessary to be applied by law enforcers who carry out investigations, prosecutions, and


Background – Workplace bullying can happen in any organizations. This type of bullying happens among employees and employers. Bullying at workplace is considered as one of the worst acts, including negative acts like verbal aggressions, isolation and naming, which can cause life destruction to an individual. Purpose – The purpose of the study was to determine the level of workplace bullying among employees in a private education institution. Hence, three independent variables were selected based on theories on previous studies that are abusive supervision, hostile working environment and workplace ostracism. Design – The design of this study was a quantitative method in which sixty-six respondents from support staffs in the selected private education institution participated in a survey. The method used to distribute the questionnaire was Google online survey forms. The actual respondents were 80 participants, however, only 66 respondents successfully participated in the workplace bullying survey. Findings – Based on the finding on the selected three independent variables, namely, abusive supervision, hostile working environment and workplace ostracism, it showed that abusive supervision and hostile working environment had p-value less than 0.05 which contributed to the main dependent variable that is workplace bullying. Conclusion – Several studies have demonstrated that workplace bullying, confirmed by these findings, has far-reaching effects on the entire society. The high rate of this type of workplace bullying, such as in this study, should motivate researchers to examine workplace bullying in general, and drive practitioners to do so as well.


Let R be a nonassociative ring of characteristic different from 2 and 3 which satisfies the following identities: (i) (ab, c, d) + (a, b, [c, d]) = a(b, c, d) + (a, c, d)b, (ii) (a, a, a) = 0, (iii) (a, b o c, d) = b o (a, c, d) + c o(a, b, d) for all a, b, c, d e R and with x o y = (xy + yx)/2. We prove that if R is semiprime, then R is alternative. Introduction. In this paper we study rings R which satisfy the following three identities (i) (ab, c, d) + (a, b, [c, d]) = a(b, c, d) + (a, c, d)b, (ii) (a, a, a) = 0, (iii) (a, b o c, d) = b o (a, c, d) + c o (a, b, d) for all a, b, c, d E= R. We assume characteristic different from 2 and 3 and we define the o product by x o y = (xy + yx)/2. Identities (i), (ii) and (iii) hold in any alternative ring; thus these rings are generalizations of alternative rings. Rings of this kind have been studied by Getu and Rodabaugh. In their papers they assume the existence of an idempotent and prove that with the further assumption of simplicity [1] or primeness [4], then these rings are alternative. In our paper we do not require the existence of an idempotent, and we prove that any semiprime ring of characteristic different from 2 and 3 which satisfies (i), (ii) and (iii) is alternative. To prove this, we make use of the result that we stated in [2] that any semiprime ring of weakly characteristic different from 2 and 3 which satisfies (i) and (ii) is right alternative. Preliminaries. As usual, by (a, b, c) we denote the associator (a, b, c) = (ab)c a(bc) and by [a, b] the commutator [a, b] = ab ba. The associators of type (a, a, b) are called alternators. An ideal I =# 0 is trivial if 12 = 0. Rings without trivial ideals are called semiprime. It is known that in a right alternative ring the following identities hold (see [3]): Received by the editors April 12, 1975. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 17A30.


In periodically driven chaotic dynamical systems with a broad distribution of intrinsic time scales,perfect phase synchronization cannot be reached. Long segments of evolution during which the phaseof a chaotic variable follows the phase of the driving force are interrupted by short segments of phasedrift. We demonstrate that this drift is another short-lived synchronized state; its onset is caused by thepassage near the long unstable periodic orbits whose frequencies are locked by external force in ratiosdifferent from 1:1. [S0031-9007(99)09190-5]


OBJECTIVE: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are common musculoskeletal pain conditions characterized by pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and/or the masticatory muscles. Due to the complexity of the masticatory system, TMD symptoms may be caused by different physiological and/or psychosocial factors. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of depression in patients with TMD. These findings can guide the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of TMDs. METHODOLOGY: In a prospective study, participants were screened and underwent a baseline physical examination of the head and neck, conducted according to the protocol of Research Diagnostic Criteria Axis I for Temporomandibular Disorders(RDC/TMD)(1), in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, King Edward medical university, Mayo hospital Lahore from Aug, 2017 to Dec, 2017. 150 patients completed psychological questionnaire Beck's Depression Inventory, to assess the level of depression in patients with TMDs. RESULTS: Among patients, moderate depression was more frequent i.e., 30.7%. Severe depression was 22.0 % while extreme depression was 16 %. 10% of patients were with borderline clinical depression. CONCLUSION: A substantial number of TMD patients had moderate to extreme level of depression that could be contributory factor in their disease process, but further research on more select groups of TMD patients is needed.


This paper presents an experimental study on the oxidation of powdered, compacted samples of aluminium, scandium, lanthanum, samarium, and their binary alloys with A1, using thermogravimetry, ellipsometry, and infrared spectroscopy. It follows that the order of oxidation intensity decrease is in the sequence La, Sm, Sc, and A1. Comparison of the data obtained for rare earths with results obtained under analogous conditions but for coarser powders, attests that the overall concepts of oxidation concur. The more actively an alloying element oxidizes, the greater the degree of conversion of its alloys with aluminum.


Low rank approximation (LRA) of a matrix is a hot subject of modern computations. In application to Big Data mining and analysis the input matrices are usually so immense that one must apply superfast algorithms, which only access a tiny fraction of the input entries and involve much fewer memory cells and flops. than an input matrix has entries. Recently we devised and analyzed some superfast LRA algorithms; in this paper we extend a classical algorithm to superfast refinement of a crude but reasonably close LRA and also list some heuristic recipes for superfast a posteriori estimation of the errors of LRA and support our superfast refinement algorithm with some superfast heuristic recipes for a posteriori error estimation of LRA and with superfast back and forth transition between any LRA of a matrix and its SVD.


Infant sleep plays a critical role in his/her normal development. Sleep problems, including sleep onset difficulties (SOD) and night waking (NW), ranges from 20% to 30% in infants and young children and are partially persistent over time up to adulthood. French young children seem to have longer sleep durations and less sleep troubles than their counterparts worldwide. We here aimed at describing infants sleep characteristics (duration/24h (TST), NW, and SOD) and associated sleep habits in infants aged 1 year old from the French nationwide birth cohort ELFE.
 This study included 11,571 infants with information on both sleep characteristics and sleep habits (parental presence when falling asleep, eating to fall asleep, sucking pacifier or finger to sleep and the location where the infant falls asleep and ends his/her sleep). Associations were studied using multinomial logistic regressions adjusted for familial and infant characteristics.
 Mean TST was 13hrs36 including 2hrs54 of naps, 20% of the infants had TST ≤12hrs/24h. About 46% did not present SOD or NW, while 16% had frequent SOD and 22% had NW > 1 night over 2. Parental presence, feeding to fall asleep and infants sleep location were more frequent in infants having short sleep duration (≤12h/24h), NW and SOD. Non-nutritive sucking was associated with NW, SOD and TST>14h/24h.
 This work provides new information regarding infant sleep location and non-nutritive sucking that should be accounted for when considering sleep behaviors. In addition, most of identified sleep habits associated with poor sleep characteristics are accessible to prevention.

 French infants present better sleep characteristics than their counterparts. Most sleep habits associated with poor sleep are accessible to prevention.


The research problem this dissertation addresses is how judicial practices generate administrative justice in asylum determination procedures. Previous research on immigration policies argues that ...


The invention discloses a method for producing hydrogen according to anaerobic fermentation of bloom-forming cyanobacteria. The method comprises the following steps: (1) fishing and collecting bloom-forming cyanobacteria; (2) placing the bloom-forming cyanobacteria into a closed vessel; and (3) oscillating the closed vessel at a 120 to 240 rpm/min speed for 6 to 48 h, so as to induce hydrogen generation. The method has the advantages that the manners such as argon inflation are not required for eliminating impact of oxygen on hydrogenase activity during the whole hydrogen generation process; the manners such as centrifugation is not required for collecting the bloom-forming cyanobacteria; the hydrogen generation inducing conditions are simple, particularly, the hydrogen generation efficiency of the bloom-forming cyanobacteria treated in the dark is the highest; and not only is the post processing problem of bloom-forming cyanobacteria fished ashore solved, but also a clean energy can be produced, so as to reach the purpose of changing waste into valuable.


This case study describes a community faced with hiring a superintendent in a school district undergoing substantial demographic changes. Four steps school leaders followed to establish a strong se...


Taking China's A-share listed manufacturing enterprises from 2014 to 2020 as objects, this paper discusses the impact and mechanism of corporate digital transformation on supply chain relationship transactions from the perspectives of information asymmetry and agency costs. The findings show that digital transformation significantly inhibits the supply chain relational transactions; the mechanism testing results reveal that digital transformation is conducive to the alleviation of information asymmetry and agency costs, which thereby reduces the degree of supply chain relational transactions; the regulatory effect analysis demonstrates that the impact of digital transformation on supply chain relationship transactions becomes more significant in non-high-tech enterprises and enterprises with less fierce industry competition. Finally, this paper confirms that a decline in the proportion of supply chain relationship transactions can significantly reduce the operational risk of enterprises.


The efficacy of biological control of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes using Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is analyzed. This approach has shown to be very efficient on agricultural plagues and has become an alternative control strategy to the usual technique of insecticide application, which promotes resistance against chemical controls and is harmful to other species that live in the same mosquito habitat. By using a discrete cellular automata approach we have shown that in the case of Aedes aegypti, the spatially heterogeneous distribution of oviposition containers and the mosquito behavior, especially with respect to mating, make the application of STI difficult or impracticable.


This study examines the underlying relationships that exist among import competition, employment risk, and worker earnings. In addition, we consider how such competitiveness and risk experienced on a prior job will affect, under both equilibrium and disequilibrium interpretations of the labor market, alternative postdisplacement job-search outcomes. Econometric models of predisplacement earnings and postdisplacement outcomes (jobless duration, reemployment, and earnings) provide insights on these relationships and in turn on the comparative job-search success of trade-displaced and "other" displaced workers.


Mobile Ad Hoc Networks are autonomous and decentralized wireless systems. MANETs consist of mobile nodes that are free in moving in and out in the network.The nodes can form arbitrary topologies depending on their connectivity with each other in the network. These nodes have the ability to configure themselves and because of their self-configuration ability, they can be deployed urgently without the need of any infrastructure. The MANETS sufferfrom constraints in power, storage and computational resources.In addition, the pervasiveness, ubiquity and the inherentwireless nature, warrant appropriate security provisions inthese networks that becomes difficult to support, amidst the lackof sufficient resource strengths. As a result, the MANETs aremore vulnerable to various communications security relatedattacks.In this paper, therefore, we attempt to focus on analyzing andimproving the security of one of the popular routing protocol forMANET's viz. the Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV)routing protocol. Our focus specifically, is on ensuring thesecurity against the Blackhole Attacks. We proposemodifications to the AODV protocol and justify the solutionwith appropriate implementation and simulation using NS-2.33.Our analysis shows significant improvement in Packet DeliveryRatio (PDR) of AODV in presence of Blackhole attacks, withmarginal rise in average end-to-end


The present invention relates to a tire (10), the tire has a tread (40) having a rolling surface, and at least one recess formed in the tread (90), recess, the rolling surface open to the top, the recess is defined by a bottom wall and only one of the sidewalls, the tire, at least one applique; further comprises a (100 1001, 1002), the adhesive together with the applique is inserted into the recess a tire, characterized in that it is secured to at least a portion of the bottom wall or a side wall of the recess by (110). The present invention also relates to methods and kits for tires to have a resistance to attack from the outside.


In special situations,the shored mechanically stabilized walls are conscripted choose.The stress distribution and deformation features of a shored mechanical stabilized wall in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area are numerical modeled and parameter analyzed using Plaxis software.The results show that there is a displacement sudden change between shored mechanically stabilized fill and the retained soils;the largest horizontal displacement locates in a little more lower than the middle of the shored mechanically stabilized wall height,the shape of the displacement in the vertical direction seems as a drum;when some of the goegrid joining with anchor rod,the tension and deformation of the geogrid are different from that without anchor rod,and the reinforcement effect is closer to one designed normally.


Norma K. Stegmaier is Assistant Professor of Speech and Theatre at Herbert H. Lehman College of the City University of New York, Bronx, New York. ing children to become aware that they cannot survive by unilateral action but rather by working with their parentsand to recognize different perceptions in certain struggles. Some children's books portray this conflict: Emily Neville's It's Like This , Cat (New York: Harper & Row, 1963) tells about a boy who cannot understand his parents who in turn cannot understand him. His father has different points of view about Dave's foundling cat, his friends, and his activities. Since both father and


The demographics of students in higher education have been steadily reflecting an increasingly diverse student population. One of the fastest growing groups in this population is that of nontraditi...


Cell-phone based imaging flow cytometry can be realized by flowing cells through the microfluidic devices, and capturing their images with an optically enhanced camera of the cell-phone. Throughput in flow cytometers is usually enhanced by increasing the flow rate of cells. However, maximum frame rate of camera system limits the achievable flow rate. Beyond this, the images become highly blurred due to motion-smear. We propose to address this issue with coded illumination, which enables recovery of high-fidelity images of cells far beyond their motion-blur limit. This paper presents simulation results of deblurring the synthetically generated cell/bead images under such coded illumination.


A range of varistors, in terms of break down voltage, is required to protect integrated circuits, automotive systems and other modern electronics against transient over-voltages. There is a progressing need for the development and advancement of rugged and reliable varistor capable and proficient of working in harsh and callous environment like automotive industry where greater than before use of electronics technology has led to improvements in equipment performance and presentation. There is a comprehensible need to combine triumphant and succesable models developed at different length scales into an integrated framework that can be used to drive new research and guide experimental efforts and device development. The review of ZnO varistor in particular and metal-oxide varistors (MOVs) in general is presented in this article.


September 3rd, 1895, I received several nearly full-growns specimens of the curious, sluglike caterpillars of this beautiful moth, so aptly named by Professor Comstock, "the crinkled flannel moth." The cunning brown caterpillars were placed in a cage here at the insectary, where they fed freely on apple leaves, although they were feeding on quince when found at Worcester, Mass. Since Dr. Packard described the insect in its different stages in 1864, its life-history has been worked out in detail by Dr. Lintner (Ent. Contrib., II., p. 138, 1870), and recently by Dr. Packard (Proc. Am. Phil. Soc. for : 894, p. 275). In this last paper Dr. Packard has described and figured in detail the extra two pairs of abdominal legs (seven pairs in all) possessed by the caterpillars, and some curious lateral glandular processes.


We have identified and characterized the ligand binding properties of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) βA4 amyloid protein precursor (APP), mapped the APP ligand binding sites and analyzed the regulation of APP expression, biogenesis and metabolism by components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cytokines.


Background: The Electrocardiogram remains a crucial tool in the identification and management of acute myocardial infarction. A detailed analysis of patterns of ST segment elevation may influence decisions regarding the perfusion therapy. This study was undertaken to study the role of ECG in identifying the infarct related artery in acute ST elevation MI and to correlate its findings with 2 D ECHO and Coronary angiogram. Methods: A total of 100 patients who presented with acute ST elevation MI were randomly selected for the study. After admission all the patients underwent ECG, CPK, CK-MB levels, 2D ECHO and CAG. Patients with ST segment elevation from ECG was evaluated to identify culprit vessel and the ECG findings were then correlated with 2D ECHO and CAG to identify the Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive predictive value and Negative predictive value of ECG in identifying the infarct related artery. Results: Fifty-two (52%) patients had an Anterior wall MI, forty-two patients (42%) had an evidence of Inferior wall MI and Six patients (6%) were found to have Antero inferior wall MI in the study group. Thirty-eight (38%) had evidence of SVD, forty-six patients (46%) had DVD and Sixteen patients (16%) had TVD. Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV and NPV of the ECG in identifying the LAD artery occlusion were 60.5%, 100%, 100% and 44.4% respectively. Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV and NPV of ECG in identifying the RCA artery occlusion were 78.5%, 100%, 100% and 78.5% respectively. Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV and NPV of the ECG in identifying the LCx artery occlusion were 26%, 96%, 86% and 60% respectively. Conclusions: ECG was found to be a sensitive and specific tool in identifying the infarct related Coronary artery in acute ST elevation MI.


The target of this research is to make a system of data on discontinuity of the cement stone microstructure in concrete. To achieve this, the following issues have to be addressed: a) a justification for the presence of dislocations in cement stone and definition of their type needs to be provided; b) the source of the considered material weakness has to be identified; c) an explanation of formation and propagation of micro cracks starting at the surface and going deeper into the concrete needs to be given; d) an educated guess has to be made for the opening/depth ratio of micro cracks; e) information about the distances between micro cracks in the capillary walls of the cement stone should be obtained; e) binding energy in the calcium silicate crystalline hydrate has to be determined. The research results show that the mechanical properties of crystals and polycrystals in the cement stone (concrete) depend on the ratio of small-angle (θ≤10…150) and large-angle boundaries. Due to a relatively small number of large-angle boundaries, intergranular and plastic flow deformations are dampened under straining, resulting in cleavage in the areas where stress-raisers are found (pores, capillaries, submicrocracks, etc.).


We provide a way to modify and to extend a previously established inequality by P. Erd\H{o}s, R. Graham and others and to answer a conjecture posed in the nineties by R. Graham, which bears on the lack of divisibility of the central binomial coefficient by three distinct, fixed odd primes. In fact the result will show by using an approach similar to their own which they proved for the case of two fixed odd primes, that the central binomial coefficient is not divisible infinitely often by three distinct and fixed odd primes. Therefore a generalization to more fixed odd primes than three but finite in number might be possible, at least if one is able to find some sufficient condition. The author hopes to answer this latter question in a subsequent paper.


Li Bai's views on cifu can be divided into two strata. On the surface,he was dissatisfied with and denied cifu and its writers of past time,but this is not the mainstream of his viewpoint. Under the surface,he attached much importance to this literary style and its writers of the past time and held positive views and aspirations,which is the mainstream of his attitude toward cifu . All his life he admired such writers of cifu as Qu Yuan,Sima Xiang-ru and Yang Xiong,but he admired them for different reasons. With regard to the various aspects of cifu ,he explicitly (through his speech) and implicitly (through his works) demonstrated his attitude and view with characteristics of his own time.


Comparison of the structures of coesite and felspar shows (1) the usefulness of a model in which all 04 tetrahedra are taken as perfectly regular and identical in size, the position and chemical nature of the central cation being ignored, (2) the possibility of order-of-magnitude correlation of lattice parameters with certain position parameters of O, by relating both geometrically to tilts of regular tetrahedra of the above kind, (3) evidence that the 'crankshaft' feature of the structure is not subject to a tensile stress in coesite, as it is in felspar, (4) an explanation why the felspar framework is not found in any polymorph of Si02.


This paper presents the process of analysis and modeling of a haptic interface with two degrees of freedom (DOFs). The development of the CAD model, which served as the basis for implementation of the kinematics of the mechanism, as well as for the definition of the DH (Denavit-Hartenberg) parameters of the system, is also presented. This is how the base for rapid development of algorithms for position and force control of mechanisms are established and these will be used to control complex systems dedicated to medical intervention support.


The automatic inspection robot can effectively pre-vent cargo from being stolen, replaced and opened without authorization. However, it will be disturbed by external factors such as occlusion, illumination and angle when it takes photos to identify cargo, which will affect the recognition effect. In order to improve the recognition effect of the automatic inspection robot on the target goods, this paper first detects the object in the data preprocessing stage, extracts the goods con-tour, and then carries on the image recognition, which im-proves the recognition rate. Then we compare the loss rate and accuracy rate of four network models: AlexNet, GoogleNet, ResNet and MobileNet. The experimental results show that ResN et algorithm has the highest image recognition accuracy, is more friendly to the recognition of light and occlusion, and is more in line with the actual operation needs of automatic inspection robot. It has reference value for the research of target cargo recognition.


Abstract : This is a study of trends in low-intensity conflict in Central America. The sources and causes of instability and conflict in the region and in the individual countries are examined in a historical context. The study then analyses the process of conflict in each country, looking both at insurgent organisations and methods and the nature of the government response. The impact and significance of external influence on each conflict is discussed. Regional trends, from both insurgent and counter-insurgent standpoints, are examined and analysed collectively. Significant findings include the development of a model of optimal conditions for revolutionary war, and the identification of a pattern of employment of an effective broad front strategy.


Nowadays, the global economy has entered the era of knowledge-based economy that is also called the new era of transforming knowledge to tangible benefit. One of the vital methods to achieve this transformation is management by projects. This thesis analyzes the related conception and characteristics of enterprise human resources management by projects, sets examples of the advantaged of enterprise human resources management by projects and discusses the methods of enterprise human resources management by projects.


The article discusses features of studying Russian as a foreign language in schools in Slovakia. The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that the new socio-political conditions in which Russian is studied as a second foreign language competing with other languages have brought about changes in the status, goals, motives for study, content, approaches to selecting, grouping and presenting material, the methodological concept of teaching. The aim of the work is to identify the features of teaching Russian as a second foreign language in a closely related Slovak language environment. The authors drew on the method of comparison and collation, the method of application (overlaying fragments of language systems), method of component analysis, method of word-formation analysis, methods of analysis of official statistical, sociolinguistic data. In the course of the study, the data of the State Institute for Education Statistics and Forecasts of the Slovak Republic, the peculiarities of Slovak students' motivation for learning the Russian language were analyzed, a comparative analysis of the main lexical and grammatical phenomena of the Russian and Slovak languages was carried out. The research resulted in identifying the specifics of Russian as a Slavic language in the status of a second foreign language, the extent of its demand in school practice in Slovakia, reviewing the motives for studying it, and, on the basis of this, developing requirements for selecting, grouping, and studying lexical and grammatical material. The authors see the prospects for teaching the Russian language in Slovakia in combining the system-structural and linguoculturological approaches.


Cyclic codes have wide applications in data storage systems and communication systems. Employing two-prime Whiteman generalized cyclotomic sequences of order 6, we construct several classes of cyclic codes over the finite field GF}(q) and give their generator polynomials. And we also calculate the minimum distance of some cyclic codes and give lower bounds of the minimum distance for some other cyclic codes.


We study the question of when a γ-plurisubharmonic function on a complex manifold, where γ is a fixed (1, 1)-form, can be approximated by a decreasing sequence of smooth 7-plurisubharmonic functions. We show in particular that it is always possible in the compact Kahler case.


The article presents the results of research in determining the position of the base station in a static mode using EGNOS differential corrections. The experiment was conducted in the Dęblin airport area. The experiment comprised determining the coordinates of three base stations (REF1, VirA i VirB). The analysis of the results for the tools adopted pointed out to the fact that the accuracy of coordinate determination for each station was in the range of less than 2 meters.


Background: Up-regulation of Bcl-2 protein plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Oblimersen (OBL [Genasense®]) decreases Bcl-2 protein in a concentration- and time- dependent manner and enhances the cytotoxic activity of agents commonly used for CLL, including fludarabine (F) and cyclophosphamide (C). A recent randomized, controlled, Phase 3 study of FC ± OBL showed that patients (pts) who received OBL achieved a significantly greater rate of complete response (CR, defined as CR plus nPR), which was the trial's primary endpoint (O'Brien et al, J Clin Oncol 2007). Since duration of CR was also superior for OBL-treated pts, we evaluated whether extended followup would indicate that these benefits would translate into improved survival for pts who achieved CR. Methods: Pts with relapsed/refractory CLL received up to six 28-day cycles of FC (25 mg/m 2 /d and 250 mg/m 2 /d x 3d, respectively) with or without OBL (3 mg/kg/d x 7d by continuous IV infusion beginning 4 days before FC). NCI-WG response was determined by a clinical expert blinded to treatment assignment and independent blinded review of bone marrow. CT was required to confirm CR in pts with baseline abnormalities. All pts were followed for at least 3 years from randomization, or until death or withdrawal of consent. Survival data were collected through May 2007 and landmark analysis (at yearly time points) of the probability of achieving a CR and surviving was performed for up to 4 years for the intent-to-treat (ITT) population. Results: OBL combined with FC significantly increased the CR rate (17% [20 of 120 pts] compared with pts treated with FC alone (7% [8 of 121 pts]) (P = 0.025). CR duration was also significantly greater for OBL-treated pts (median not reached [estimated 36+ mos] compared with pts treated with FC alone (22 mos) (P=0.031). In both treatment groups, achievement of CR was associated with relief from all predefined CLL symptoms for ≥ 180 days (Pearson chi-square test, P Exploratory analysis showed that OBL-treated pts survived significantly longer (see table). Twelve of the 20 pts in CR in the OBL group and 4 of the 8 pts in CR in the FC-only group were alive. Median survival time among pts in CR on this trial had not been reached in the OBL group (estimated to exceed 49 months), compared with 35 months in the FC-only group. Survival durations ranged from 48 to 64 months among the 12 surviving pts in the OBL group, and from 47 to 65 months among the 4 surviving pts in the FC-only group. Conclusions: The addition of OBL to FC significantly increased percent CR and CR duration. Pts who achieved CR with OBL also achieved significantly longer survival compared with pts treated with FC chemotherapy alone. These data strongly confirm that CR is a valuable primary endpoint for therapeutic trials in relapsed/refractory CLL and supports the clinical benefit associated with durable CR in this setting.


This note presents a discussion on the singularity crossing phenomenon (also known as sonic transition) of the unsteady fluid flows in gravitational fields with singularities. The systems of differential-algebraic equations that result from the similarity treatment in the unsteady fluid flow applications exhibit the singularity induced bifurcation phenomenon typical for the steady-state quasilinear or semi-explicit differential-algebraic equations in circuits, MHD, gas dynamics and other areas.


ABSTRACT. Weber, T. H., Hekali, R. and Wegelius, R. (Clinical Laboratory and Department of Pediatrics, Aurora Hospital, and Finnish Blood Transfusion Service, Helsinki, Finland). Benign congenital erythropenia. Acta Paediatr Scand. 70:431, 1981.–Normochromic anaemia was diagnosed in two brothers in early infancy. At the time of this report they were aged 10 (M. H.) and 12 (T. H.) years. A defect of the atrial septum was found in both patients. They had slight skeletal malformations. Their haemoglobin values have remained constantly at the level of about 100 g/l and the RBC count at about 3.5±1012/l. At repeated examinations, both the patients and their parents had low or borderline low erythrocyte enolase levels. Erythropoietin levels were normal and so were numerous other laboratory tests, including analysis for abnormal haemoglobins. The condition could represent a mild form of chronic congenital hypoplastic anaemia.


This paper examines the effect of class conflict on industrial location both theoretically and empirically. It demonstrates that there is a sound theoretical basis and empirical support for the conclusion that U.S. industries have chosen to abandon agglomeration and scale economies in order to secure a distribution of income that favors capital at the expense of labor. The decline of the U.S. manufacturing belt is examined with reference to union density, bargaining power, and the effects that large-scale production plants have on these factors. The meat packing industry in the postwar United States serves as a case study to establish the specific ways that class conflict has shaped the scale profile and geographic distribution of production plants. The paper builds upon the class conflict approach to urban and regional economics pioneered by Matthew Edel and David Gordon and aims to demonstrate its explanatory power. JEL classification: R30, J51, B51.


In this paper we will the discuss possible hidden symmetry in time and the possible asymmetry in mass and velocity between a particle and its anti-particle. Possible hidden symmetry in time between a particle and its anti-particle manifested in their corresponding possible hidden variables in time, fr and -fr  was first discussed in Brodet (2017b). In this paper we will extend the discussion and discuss how the above possible hidden symmetry in time and its corresponding possible symmetry in absolute position, energy and momentum, may yield an asymmetry in mass and velocity of a particle and its corresponding anti-particle. We will deconstruct the particle's and anti-particle's absolute position, into three complex number describing the particle/anti-particle time, velocity and mass. The particle/anti-particle symmetry and asymmetry of the above complex numbers will be discussed in the context of parity violation and the known asymmetry in angular production of particles and anti-particles. Moreover, the possible mass asymmetry will be used to explain the CP violation in the neutral kaon system. Finally, experimental ways to investigate and test the above are presented.


Various Monte Carlo techniques for random point generation over sets of interest are widely used in many areas of computational mathematics, optimization, data processing, etc. Whereas for regularly shaped sets such sampling is immediate to arrange, for nontrivial, implicitly specified domains these techniques are not easy to implement. We consider the so-called Hit-and-Run algorithm, a representative of the class of Markov chain Monte Carlo methods, which became popular in recent years. To perform random sampling over a set, this method requires only the knowledge of the intersection of a line through a point inside the set with the boundary of this set. This component of the Hit-and-Run procedure, known as boundary oracle, has to be performed quickly when applied to economy point representation of many-dimensional sets within the randomized approach to data mining, image reconstruction, control, optimization, etc. In this paper, we consider several vector and matrix sets typically encountered in control and specified by linear matrix inequalities. Closed-form solutions are proposed for finding the respective points of intersection, leading to efficient boundary oracles; they are generalized to robust formulations where the system matrices contain norm-bounded uncertainty.


Nanophase diamond films can be grown at room temperature with a laser plasma discharge source without the use of any catalyst. This technique produces films that adhere readily to materials for which there are important applications as protective coatings. Described here is a study of the bonding and properties realized with the direct deposition of nanophase diamond on the II-VI compound of zinc sulfide. It was shown that adhesion and mechanical properties of the films can be correlated with the amounts of defects and impurities in the zinc sulfide substrates. In all cases significant interfacial layers caused by the deep penetration of carbon atoms into the substrates were observed. Resistance to wear was estimated with a modified sand blaster, and results indicated that only 1 μm coating of nanophase diamond can increase lifetimes of the zinc sulfide samples by a factor better than 5. Protection afforded by the nanophase diamond under harsh environmental conditions of rain impacts was also described.


The authors examined the role of meditation as an important component in addiction recovery. Successful addiction recovery is often related to an individual's ability to develop and use a repertoire of coping behaviors, including the ability to maintain an ongoing awareness of one's vulnerability. These learned behaviors serve as reliable alternatives to the routine behavior patterns of individuals who are addicted, which, in the past, have led to often-repeated destructive outcomes. The authors contend that incorporating meditation into the lifestyle of individuals recovering from addiction provides a consistent means of preparing for inevitable, addiction-related life challenges and a coping skill that can help maintain equilibrium in living with ever-present peril.


Internal corrosion of carbon steel pipes of oil and gas Companies in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria using coupons and ER probes is presented. Corrosion mechanisms for the lines vary with the fluid type and operational parameters. Aqueous corrosion with, in some cases CO2 corrosion additive, erosion corrosion and elevated temperature oxidation are corrosion mechanisms implicated in the pipes. No H2S-induced corrosion was observed for all the lines investigated. They act separately or synergistically to exacerbate the corrosion attack.  Application of inhibitors of the amine group drastically lowered the corrosion rates. Effective inhibition regime had in an instance markedly lowered the corrosion rate of a line from 42.7080mpy to 1.3447mpy. The ER probes incorporation offered a comparative corrosion monitoring alternative and provided insight into the real time conditions of the lines over prolonged periods of times. The exercise proved very useful in determining the corrosion status of the pipes and helped to determine the lines that should require immediate maintenance intervention to obviate possible ugly incidents of breakouts and ruptures.


Kidney aging together with related renal disease had become a major clinical problem. Understanding the mechanisms of aging was important for suspending senescence and decreasing the incidence of aging‐related diseases. In the present work, 24‐month‐old F344 rats were used as aging rats and 3‐month‐old rats were used as young controls. Senescence‐associated‐β‐galactosidase staining results showed that the degree of senescence in renal tubules was more severe than that in glomeruli. We performed quantitative LC–MS to assess the differential protein expression profiles of senescent glomeruli and tubules. Bioinformatics analysis showed that aging, response to oxidative stress, nucleotide metabolism, amine acid metabolism, and inflammatory response were common mechanisms of glomerulus and tubule senescence. Differentially expressed proteins network mediated Golgi vesicle transport, actin filament based process, and regulation of cell death were associated with tubule senescence. More importantly, we found that the changes of four and a half LIM protein 2 (FHL2) were opposite in senescent glomeruli and tubules, and FHL2 could regulate p16 by suppressing T‐box 3, which was involved in regulation of senescence in glomeruli and tubules. In conclusion, we assessed the mechanisms of senescence in aging glomeruli and tubules, and the results yielded new insight into kidney senescence.


Extracting domain knowledge from databases can facilitate the development of Web ontologies. In this paper, a formal approach and an automated tool for constructing ontologies from Object-oriented database models (OODMs) are developed. The approach and tool can automatically translate an OODM and its corresponding database instances into the ontology structure and ontology instances, respectively. Case studies show that the approach is feasible and the automated construction tool is efficient.


The objectives of this research were to provide a better understanding of how and when sediments within Florida Bay are resuspended, to define the spatial distribution of sedimentary properties and bottom morphology which control resuspension, quantify resuspension on an annual basis and provide the empirically-derived data needed to incorporate sediment resuspension or transport into numerical models