The direct on-cell use of hydrocarbon fuels in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) involves many thermochemical and electrochemical reactions that occur on anode electrocatalysts, both at and away from the three-phase boundary. We have used first-principles density functional theory calculations and kinetic modeling to investigate relevant reactions associated with the direct utilization of methane on different electrocatalysts at SOFC operating conditions. The investigated reactions are steam and dry reforming of methane, electrochemical oxidation of H 2 and CO, and direct electrochemical oxidation of methane. These studies allowed us to compare the relative activity of different metals and to identify those metals that offer optimal performance. Our analysis shows that under relevant operating conditions, there exists a family of metals (mainly Ni, Co, Rh, Ru, and Ir) that offer maximum activity for all relevant reactions. The findings suggest that a fairly simple anode design including only one material in combination with yttria-stabilized zirconia performing multiple reactions should offer close to optimal performance. While we outline our results for methane in detail, we also comment on the direct utilization of other hydrocarbons.


The motorcycle plays an important role in the life for the people of Taiwan. However, the motorcycles' emissions are the main moving air pollution sources. Therefore, it's important to develop more efficient combustion technology in order to save energy and reduce air pollution. In this paper, a novel technology of hydrogen-gasoline compound fuel is developed. Hydrogen gas is released from solid state hydrogen storage tank and then mixed with the incoming gasoline. The intake valve in manifold sucks the hydrogen-gasoline compound fuel into the cylinder for combustion. A series of performance test is conducted by motorcycle chassis dynamometers. The results reveal that this technology can increase the power and torque, and decrease fuel consumption per kilo-power due to promote combustion efficiency. In addition, the hydrogen has greater heat value, so the oil temperature and spark plug temperature increase. This technique can reduce CO and HC, but increase CO2 and NOx. The engine performance is improved at rarefied hydrogen-gasoline compound fuel. Therefore, the engine performance with M.J. #98 is better than that with M.J. #110. This technique can achieve energy saving and environment-friendly purpose.


This study investigates the curative response of ethanol extract of Cassia sieberiana leaves (EECSL) on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Thirty rats of 11–12 weeks old weigh...


Neurodevelopmental outcomes are a crucial part of prognosis and are pivotal in ongoing conversations between neonatologists and parents (1,2). Recent studies show greater predictive value in near-term cranial ultrasound (CUS) and MRI versus traditional CUS performed in the first few weeks of life (1–3). MRI detects white matter injury more accurately while US detects intraventricular haemorrhages, ventriculomegaly and cystic periventricular leukomalacia (2,4,5). However, studies have found former preterm infants with developmental impairments despite normal NICU ultrasounds, and, importantly, others have reported transient findings of cystic periventricular leukomalacia (resolving by near-term) are associated with developmental impairments (2,6,7). The NEURO prospective study by Hintz et al. (8) analysed the predictive ability of early CUS, near-term CUS and near-termMRI in a cohort of 480 extremely preterm neonates, born at 24– 27 weeks. Negative outcomes were defined as neurodevelopmental impairment, significant gross motor impairment or death. The authors provided multivariable modelling to consider perinatal and neonatal demographic and clinical risk factors. Results were presented as OR and AUC of ROC curves. Further statistical calculations of Tables 2–5 show sensitivity and specificity of 0.27 and 0.92, respectively, for the association between major findings in early CUS and negative outcomes of neurodevelopmental impairment or death, compared to sensitivity of 0.28 and specificity of 0.97 for major findings in late CUS. The calculated sensitivity and specificity of MRIWMA are similar to that reported by Woodward et al. (4) in 2006 (92% vs 84% and 23% vs 34%, respectively), demonstrating that MRI has potential for higher sensitivity than CUS. The major findings of the NEURO study were that early CUS is not predictive of future neurodevelopmental outcomes, despite taking into account perinatal and neonatal demographic and clinical risk factors. The ability to predict outcomes is only mildly enhanced by the addition of MRI to late CUS. Therefore, in environments where MRI is not easily available, late CUS may be sufficient in predicting prognosis. The strengths of the NEURO study included large population size, blinded imaging evaluations, required temporal proximity of late CUS and MRI. Limitations included that CUS was obtained by local centre protocol with possibility for technical inconsistencies, and there were low rates of adverse outcomes, leading to wide confidence intervals. While multivariable modelling taking into account neonatal risk factors scrutinises results, a drawback is potential overanalysis. Near-term CUS and MRI have been shown to be more reliable alternatives to early CUS in predicting outcomes, but imaging is only mildly effective in formulating predictions of neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely premature neonates (2,4,9). There is still considerable uncertainty regardless of imaging modality or combination of imaging modalities used. Studies have shown that MRI before discharge is too early to detect posterior limb internal capsule myelination abnormalities, which have been shown to be associated with gross motor deficits (3,5). Extending outcomes to include cognitive and behavioural difficulties of schoolage ex-premature neonates will detect deficits not fully appreciated on Bayley or GMFCS testing (2,9).


The master thesis concerns the restoration and treatment of a set of original book binding and illustration designs for the publishing house F. Topic originating from the collections owned by the Research library in Olomouc. The restored collection contains more than 800 original drawings from more than 70 different illustrators designated to be printed in books and periodicals published by F. Topic.
The result of the practical part of the thesis is the restoration documentation, which describes the whole collection in detail, the state and condition before the conservation and all applied conservation steps supplemented with photographic documentation.
The theoretical part describes the origin and evolution of the publishing house F. Topic, focusing mainly on the production and the artwork as well as the illustrators working for the publishing house. The thesis also includes a complete catalogue of all drawings from the restored collection including basic information about each piece.


Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 (TREM‐1) is a member of a new family of myeloid receptors, encoded by a gene cluster linked to the MHC. Engagement of TREM‐1 stimulates intracellular signals, resulting in activation of phagocytosis, neutrophil degranulation, and amplification of cytokine production induced by TLRs. In the present study, a novel property following engagement of TREM‐1 is described, namely the amplification of cytokine production induced by the second major class of pattern recognition receptors, the NAIP, CIITA, HET‐E, TP‐1‐leucine‐rich repeat (NACHT‐LRR; NLR) receptors, which recognize intracellular microorganisms through sensing their muropeptide components of peptidoglycan. The TREM‐1/NLR synergism was observed for the production of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6, leading to an increase in cytokine production up to tenfold greater than the additive value of TREM‐1 or muropeptide stimulation alone. Several putative mechanisms are proposed to be involved in the synergism between NLRs and TREM‐1, including the increase in TREM‐1 expression by NLR ligands, and of the expression of nucleotide oligomerization domain‐2 receptor by TREM‐1 engagement. In contrast, although caspase‐1 modulates IL‐1β and IL‐6 production after stimulation with anti‐TREM‐1 antibodies or NLR ligands, it does not appear to be responsible for the synergism between these two pathways. These findings demonstrate that TREM‐1 acts on both major recognition pathways of bacterial structures: the extracellular TLR receptors, and the intracellular NLR molecules. This latter finding supports the concept that TREM‐1 provides optimal amplification of cytokine‐induced inflammation during the initiation of host defense.


ERP Systems are the most integrated information systems that cut across various organizations as well as various functional areas. It has been observed that ERP systems prove to be a failure either in the design or its implementation. A number of reasons contribute in the success or failure of an ERP systems. Success or failure of ERP system can be estimated on the basis of impact of ERP on that organization. In this paper an attempt has been made to study the impact of ERP systems in mid-sized Indian public sector organizations. For this study, two public sector companies namely PUNCOM and PTL located in northern India have been selected. Based on the model used to study ERP impact and thus the findings, various recommendations have been put forward to suggest a strategy so as to mitigate and manage such successful implementation.


A lattice Monte Carlo simulation of the BFSS matrix model of M-theory with fermions removed is discussed. It is expected that a Hagedorn/deconfmement type phase transition exists in this model and that the deconfined state is related to the black hole states of type IIA supergravity. The black hole phase is expected to be recovered in the 't Hooft large N limit of the BFSS model. The numerical simulation is constructed by investigating the behaviour of various toy models, using the Polyakov loop as an order parameter for the transition. A Fadeev-Popov gauge fixing is used to handle the gauge fields. A first order phase transition behaviour can readily be seen in this model. At finite iV it appears as an analytic step function which is expected to become a true step function in the large ./V limit. The final Monte Carlo simulations are done on a twenty site lattice, using a value of N = 40. The phase diagram of the transition is mapped out for dimensions two through nine and the phase behaviour for nine dimensions is investigated for when a mass term is added to the action. The phase behaviour of a related model the pp-wave matrix model is also discussed.


Abstract : A computer assisted coastal information system has been developed which will refer the user to sources of coastal data on the requested parameters and describe the study which acquired the reference data. Design and structure of the file and access program are described, with flow charts and sample input/output included. Information gathering and record input procedures are discussed. (Author)


Coprinopsis cinerea is a model mushroom used for studying the growth, development, fruiting body formation and genetic systems of the basidiomycetous mushrooms. This research aimed to study the nuclear migration behavior during the monokaryotic mating of 9 strains of C. cinerea namely PS001, PS002, PS001-1, PS002-1, 218, AT8, Uv-6031, MK54 and Okayama7. The results revealed that there are three patterns of nuclear migration, nuclear donor, nuclear recipient and both nuclear donor and recipient. The behavior of nuclear donor or recipient of each C. cinerea strain was varied depending upon the mating partners and the B mating type gene exerted clear effects on nuclear migration. During the monokaryotic mating, the positions of nuclei in the hypha were located and distinguished by staining with the fluorogenic dye 4¢,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI) and the results showed that the nuclear positions within the hypha varied in each C. cinerea strain. Moreover, at least two types of hyphal fusion were observed, the hyphal tip fusion and lateral fusion. This study also found that the numbers of clamp cells was not correlated with the numbers of fruiting bodies. In addition, the dikaryons obtained from the monokaryotic matings resulted in the higher number of fruiting bodies than those of the homokaryon AmutBmut.


The 'Next Steps' restructuring programme (1988) has had a fundamental impact on the management and organization of the Civil Service, and on the practice of equal opportunities. The fragmentation of the service into semi-autonomous agencies has resulted in greater managerial autonomy in relation to staffing issues. Equality initiatives such as part-time and flexible working patterns, 'family friendly' policies, women-only training programmes and the provision of nurseries are coming under threat due to increased discretion over decision-making in these areas. Other aspects of restructuring — such as 'downsizing'— have resulted in a reduction of the middle management layer, making it more difficult for women to breach the 'glass ceiling' and access senior posts. The persistence of a hostile managerial sub-culture to equal opportunities has been instrumental in pushing equality issues to the bottom of the agenda in the current climate of change because of 'more important' organizational pressures. Within this context, equality of opportunity for women in the Civil Service has reached a critical stage.


Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) are a promising membrane material for gas separation, because of their high free volume and micro-cavity size distribution. This is countered by PIMs-based membranes being highly susceptible to physical aging, which dramatically reduces their permselectivity over extended periods of time. Supercritical carbon dioxide is known to plasticize and partially solubilise polymers, altering the underlying membrane morphology, and hence impacting the gas separation properties. This investigation reports on the change in PIM-1 membranes after being exposed to supercritical CO2 for two- and eight-hour intervals, followed by two depressurization protocols, a rapid depressurization and a slow depressurization. The exposure times enables the impact contact time with supercritical CO2 has on the membrane morphology to be investigated, as well as the subsequent depressurization event. The density of the post supercritical CO2 exposed membranes, irrespective of exposure time and depressurization, were greater than the untreated membrane. This indicated that supercritical CO2 had solubilised the polymer chain, enabling PIM-1 to rearrange and contract the free volume micro-cavities present. As a consequence, the permeabilities of He, CH4, O2 and CO2 were all reduced for the supercritical CO2-treated membranes compared to the original membrane, while N2 permeability remained unchanged. Importantly, the physical aging properties of the supercritical CO2-treated membranes altered, with only minor reductions in N2, CH4 and O2 permeabilities observed over extended periods of time. In contrast, He and CO2 permeabilities experienced similar physical aging in the supercritical treated membranes to that of the original membrane. This was interpreted as the supercritical CO2 treatment enabling micro-cavity contraction to favour the smaller CO2 molecule, due to size exclusion of the larger N2, CH4 and O2 molecules. Therefore, physical aging of the treated membranes only had minor impact on N2, CH4 and O2 permeability; while the smaller He and CO2 gases experience greater permeability loss. This result implies that supercritical CO2 exposure has potential to limit physical aging performance loss in PIM-1 based membranes for O2/N2 separation.


Recent studies indicate that sodium evolution during devolatilization of black liquor may produce a significant amount of the fume in an operating recovery furnace. In this investigation, single droplets of industrial black liquor were exposed to a flowing gas stream of 95% N2 with 5% CO or 02 over a temperature range of 500 900°C. After 3 30 seconds in the pyrolytic environment, the char particles were withdrawn and quenched in a nitrogen stream. Sodium mass loss was determined from the measured amount of residual sodium in the char particles. Approximately 10 20% of the sodium present in the black liquor solids is released during swelling and devolatilization of single droplets of black liquor. After swelling is complete, continued sodium release appears to occur only in non-oxidizing environments. The total amount of sodium release does not appear to be a strong function of temperature below 800°C; at higher temperatures, additional sodium may evolve as a result of thermal decomposition of Na 2 CO3 . Aerosol formation during pyrolysis of individual droplets appears to be substantially less than during combustion. "Prepared for presentation at: AIChE Annual Meeting, November 17-22, 1991; Advances in Chemical Recovery" "Copyright © Christopher L. Verrill and Kenneth M. Nichols" "Date: September 1991" "UNPUBLISHED" "AIChE shall not be responsible for statements or opinions contained in papers or printed in its publications" Investigation of Fume Formation During Pyrolysis of Black Liquor Droplets C.L. Verrill and K.M. Nichols Submitted for presentation at the AIChE Annual Meeting November 17-22, 1991 Los Angeles, California Copyright 1991 by The Institute of Paper Science and Technology For Members Only NOTICE & DISCLAIMER The Institute of Paper Science and Technology (IPST) has provided a high standard of professional service and has put forth its best efforts within the time and funds available for this project. The information and conclusions are advisory and are intended only for internal use by any company who may receive this report. Each company must decide for itself the best approach to solving any problems it may have and how, or whether, this reported information should be considered in its approach. IPST does not recommend particular products, procedures, materials, or service. These are included only in the interest of completeness within a laboratory context and budgetary constraint. Actual products, procedures, materials, and services used may differ and are peculiar to the operations of each company. In no event shall IPST or its employees and agents have any obligation or liability for damages including, but not limited to, consequential damages arising out of or in connection with any company's use of or inability to use the reported information. IPST provides no warranty or guaranty of results.


This study investigates the mechanisms underlying the relationship between intrateam learning behaviors and team performance in student project teams in terms of contribution conflict as an antecedent of the team shared mental model on team tasks. The data collected from a sample of 201 Romanian student teams show that only team shared mental model on team tasks totally mediates the relationship between intrateam learning behaviors and team performance. Moreover, contribution conflict and team shared mental model on team tasks taken together fully mediate the relationship between intrateam learning behaviors and team performance. We conclude our study by suggesting future research on the main topic of team learning and team effectiveness.


Time-resolved velocity field measurements in the wake of the flapping wings of the DelFly II Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) in forward flight configuration were obtained by Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (Stereo-PIV). The PIV measurements were performed at several spanwise planes in the wake of the flapping wings and at a high framing rate to allow a reconstruction of the temporal development of the three dimensional wake structures throughout the flapping cycle. The wake reconstruction was performed by interpolating between the measurement planes through a Kriging interpolation procedure. First, the general wake topology of the DelFly II model is described in conjunction with the behavior of the distinctive flow structures, in particular, tip vortex, trailing edge vortex, and root vortex. Second, the effect of reduced frequency is investigated by changing the flapping frequency. Comparison of the three dimensional wake structures for different cases of reduced frequency reveals major differences in both formation and interaction of vortical structures.


In a democratic country like India, accounting can play a big role in ensuring 'right to information. and better governance. It can help Panchayats to uphold their deeds and inculcate democratic faith in the institution. In the light of this wisdom the paper makes a study of accounting practice of Gram Panchayats in West Bengal. First part of the paper presents a theoretical framework that leads to drawing the hypotheses, which are only natural statements about standard, transparency and objectivity of the practice. Findings from field study fail to prove the validity of these hypotheses. Simultaneously the study observes that prescribed accounting rules are not matched with operational objectives of the organization. As the Accounting system does not require preparation of a Balance Sheet, many assets created at the cost of public money gets lost from records. The paradox of the system is that it acts a cause behind many corruptions. The paper finally recommends adoption of a normative approach to accounting for transparency and objectivity. It asserts that if accounting system is modified and matched with its operational objectives, developments can be more effectively administered and reported.


Introduction On 22 December 2010, the Hellenic Competition Commission (Elliniki Epitropi Antagonismou, hereafter: HCC) issued an infringement decision against the Technical Chamber of Greece…


Recent results of a continuing program to develop an analytical and empirical model of plenum filling in a /sup 1///sub 15/-scale model of a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) are described. The topical section of the report presents new lower plenum voiding (LPV) experimental data from three vessels ranging in size from approximately /sup 1///sub 30/ to /sup 1///sub 10/ PWR scale. As in previous investigations of lower plenum voiding, extensive parametric studies have been performed to determine the effects of steam and water flow rates and geometry, particularly on the equilibrium water level depression. The current work has focused on tests in a transparent vessel (1/30 scale) with an extended range of the flow parameters and various special studies all intended to directly examine the fluid dynamic behaviors. The major flow regimes in these tests have been identified and documented with photographs. In particular, an abrupt flow regime transition has been found which is a likely cause of apparent inconsistencies between previous experiments. The report also briefly describes the past quarter's efforts which included condensation-induced transient tests at a vessel pressure of 115 psia, and scoping tests of the effect of lower plenum flashing on plenum liquid inventory in themore » /sup 1///sub 15/-scale vessel model.« less


SMHI/Rossby Centre has developed an updated version of the Rossby Centre Atmosphere Ocean model RCAO a coupled ocean sea ice – atmosphere modelling system for climate applications in regional domains. The ocean component RCO has been developed based on the OCCAM model system. The atmosphere component RCA is based on the weather forecast system HIRLAM. The sea ice model is including an early version of the CICE sea ice model, which physically is a part of the ocean code. In standalone versions, RCO and RCA use empirical forcing functions to calculate fluxes for heat, freshwater and momentum. In coupled mode, the ocean formulations are generally replaced by fluxes from the atmosphere model. Partly, original flux formulations of RCA appear not suitable for the coupled mode and need adjustment, especially with respect to clouds and radiation.


— The accuracy of latent finger print matching compared to roll and plain finger print matching is significantly lower due to background noise, poor ridge quality and overlapping structured noise in latent images. In this paper the proposed algorithm is dictionary-based approach for automatic segmentation and enhancement towards the goal of achieving "lights out" latent identifications system. Total variation decomposition model with L1 fidelity regularization in latent finger print image remove background noise. A coarse to fine strategy is used to improve robustness and accuracy. It improves the computational efficiency of the algorithm.


For the perpetual wireless sensor network (WSN), energy harvesting (EH) technology is emerging as a promising solution. However, the randomness and the instability of the harvested energy may lead to the occurrence of the temporal death, which is harmful to the functions of the WSN, and has negative impact on the quality of service of the network. With temporal death being taken into account, this paper proposes a novel and overall framework, namely, a multi-layer Markov fluid queue (MLMFQ) model, for modeling and analyzing the data transmission nature of the EH devices (EHDs). We formulate the model of the whole system in terms of MLMFQ, and obtain the stead-state probabilities of the EHD. We study the issue of how to maximize the steady-state average reward rate of the reported data packets. We then propose an optimization model, in which one can maximize the overall steady-state average reward rate with relation to transmission policy under the specific constraints. On this basis, we are able to propose an algorithm for calculating the optimal transmission policy of the EHD with temporal death. We validate our results using a numerical example and report some interesting findings from our numerical studies.


A smart home system based on ZigBee is designed. According to the different types of data transmission services in the smart home network, this paper proposes a feasible improvement scheme for the MAC protocol. A new type of embedded machine vision system is proposed. Its core chip selects the latest dual-core embedded chip TMS320DM8168 produced by TI Company. The system realizes high-speed acquisition and processing of image signals of three channels with different resolutions, 160MB/s high-speed solid-state disk writing, and human-computer interaction under the Linux operating system. The experimental simulation based on the NS2 network simulation platform and the actual performance test results of smoke monitoring and temperature monitoring show that the system can meet the general requirements of smart home systems.


The invention provides an automatic wire connecting device used for electrical equipment. The automatic wire connecting device is used for connecting two phases of circuit connecting wires (2) to the electrical equipment. The electrical equipment comprises a wire connecting port frame body (9), a positioning motor (7) which is fixed in the lower base body (98) of the wire connecting port frame body (9), and two circuit wire connecting performing components (100, 200) which are symmetrically arranged about the rotating axis of the positioning motor (7) and respectively used for performing wire connecting operation of one of the two phases of circuits. Besides, the structure of the wire connecting port frame body (9) is also symmetrically arranged about the rotating axis of the positioning motor (7).


Report issued by the Bureau of Mines discussing the coal reserves and coking properties of the Willow Creek bed in Lincoln County, Wyoming. Analyses of the coal bed are presented in detail. This report includes tables, illustrations, photographs, and a map.


Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites are a new generation of photovoltaic semiconductors that do not use scarce metals. Study of the viability of these materials involves detailed understanding of the various states an electron may go through in the material. Exciton states are bound excited electronic states just below the conduction band where the electron is essentially orbiting the "hole," or positive charge, left behind by the promotion of an electron to the conduction band. These exciton states guard the transition between free and lattice electron, but their dynamics and timescales are not yet well understood. Proper characterization of the electron lifetime in the material involves understanding the timescales, and vibrational dynamics of these loosely bound states. We report an optically pumped, time resolved terahertz spectrum of MAPbBr3, a well-studied hybrid perovskite. Transitions between exciton states are resonant in the far-IR, or terahertz region of the electromagnetic spectrum, an area that has been difficult to study until relatively recent advances in generation and detection of this light. Obtaining details of the internal exciton dynamics between hydrogen-atom like states of electron-hole pairs provides an important piece of information for the directed evolution of this promising family of materials.


The new approach is to create a multicomponent composite material on a basis of mineral component by defining extreme value of the multi-variable function. It is decided to carry out theoretical analyze first. For theoretical analysis, the effects of component quantity on the parameters to be determined by experiments and in all cases the results to be theorized. Thus, the mathematical formula for the relation of anti-corrosion with components has been determined. In order to evaluate anti-corrosion it is defined multi-variablefunctional relation and with this function it is achieved extreme values on optimum values of each component. The new material is compared to traditional anti –corrosion material that are common. Currently implemented anti –corrosion material doesn't require needs of modern technological expectation. From this point of view anti-corrosion materials need to have appropriate technical parameters. Traditional anti-corrosion materials basically have one or two components and these materials has protective film layer. Disadvantage of this film layer is whole layer can easily be destructed from weak point. This is due to the fact that traditional materials form film layer in connection areas. Compare with this one the new material has discrete structure. On this basis, the combination of protective and constructive material binding based on adhesion and cohesion. The structure not allows material to be destructed from weak point.
On a basis of achieved theoretical results optimal quantity of each component is clarified, anti-corrosion material is made and tested. The novelty of the approach is to achieve high quality anti-corrosion material by defining an extreme value of the multi-variable function.


Objectives: To study the energy conditions of the universe and to find unique solutions of the Einstein's field equations. Methods: A mathematical formulation developed to study the energy conditions of the universe and a new way of unique solutions of the famous Einstein's field equations with appropriate theoretical and mathematical analysis of the theory of general relativity. Findings: With the reference to the power series expansion of the mass function M̂(u,r) developed by Wang and Wu (1999), we have derived two new ways to solve Einstein's field equations by introducing new values of n as n=2 and n=-2. Novelty: With the reference to the power series expansion of the mass function M̂(u,r), we have found new ways to solve Einstein's field equations with n=2 and n=-2. And we have derived a total of four new solutions of the Einstein's field equations. And the solutions are very innovative and different from (i) Schwarzschild solution and (ii) de Sitter solution. The solutions own (i) the first solution with the line element in the equation (11) describes a stationary solution. It has coordinate singularity at r = (2m)−1 . (ii) The second solution with the line element in the equation (14) will be reduced to those Schwarzschild black holes when m=0 with singularities at r=2M. Also, it will be that dark energy when M=0 with singularities at r = (2m)−1 . (iii) The third solution with the line element in the equation (17) describes a stationary solution. It has coordinate singularity at r = (2m) 1 3 (iv) The fourth solution with the line element in the equation (20) describes a stationary solution. It has coordinate singularity at r = (2m) 1 3 .


The development of political management in post-Soviet Russia is analyzes in the article. This process was difficult and inconsistent. Its formation went through several main directions and was realized with different speed and had some problems. The author considers that full political management is an attribute of democratically developed state. Under the authoritarian and totalitarian regimes, political management prospers, so this is the reason why the political management in modern Russia is still in the process of formation. Four possible alternatives of development of the Russian political management are defined in the article.


The invention relates to the technical field of a composite material manufacturing in a wood processing industry. In the structure, wood or a woody material is used as frames. First, a matcher is used for processing one outward side of the wood frame material into the structure that two adjacent frames are tenons and another two frames are grooves. The middle part of the wood frame uses battens as middle parting stops, the space between each two parting stops is filled with a foamed plastic board which is cut into the size same with the size of the space, and the thickness of the foamed plastic board is slightly larger than the thickness of the wood frame. Two layers to a plurality of layers of plywood or woody sheets or decorative sheets are covered on two surfaces of the wood frame, and the structure subjected to compregnate is processed into an insulation board compounded by wood and foamed plastics. The area of the insulation board is increased by inserted connection of the tenons and the grooves, and the insulation board is just fixed on the ground or a roof in installation. The insulation board is a thermal-insulation material of an interior wall integrating thermal insulation, sound insulation and decoration in a whole, can be directly stuck on the interior wall, and can also be used as an indoor partition board. Moreover, the interior partition wall of a house can be rapidly and conveniently installed.


Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) allows us to have information about the structure under investigation and thus to create analytical models for the assessment of its state or structural behavior. Exceeded a predetermined danger threshold, the possibility of an early warning would allow us, on the one hand, to suspend risky activities and, on the other, to reduce maintenance costs. The system proposed in this paper represents an integration of multiple traditional systems that integrate data of a different nature (used in the preventive phase to define the various behavior scenarios on the structural model), and then reworking them through machine learning techniques, in order to obtain values to compare with limit thresholds. The risk level depends on several variables, specifically, the paper wants to evaluate the possibility of predicting the structure behavior monitoring only displacement data, transmitted through an experimental transmission control unit. In order to monitor and to make our cities more "sustainable", the paper describes some tests on road infrastructure, in this contest through the combination of geomatics techniques and soft computing.


Beginning with their original article in 1998 and culminating in this manual for assessment, Ward and colleagues have made a significant contribution to the field of sexual offender treatment through the advancement of the selfregulation model of offending as an alternative approach to the problematic relapse prevention (RP) model (Laws, 2003, Yates & Kingston, in press). While the self-regulation model overcomes many of the problems associated with the application of RP to the treatment of sexual offenders, it is evident, however, that the latter remains influential on theory and practice. As noted by the authors, despite advancements in the conceptualization of the selfregulation model and some initial research providing support for the model, it has had little influence on actual practice, although some jurisdictions have adopted self-regulation as the basis for their treatment programs (e.g., Canada, South Australia, Sweden). This lack of influence on practice is likely the result of the relative recency of the model, its complexity, and a lack of operationalization of its constructs to the assessment and treatment of sexual offenders. Ward et al.'s manual represents an initial and welcome attempt to put the theory into practice, providing a comprehensive overview and practical examples of the application of self-regulation theory. This manual and the self-regulation model which will significantly improve the assessment and treatment of sexual offenders.


Sungai Langsat Village has beautiful natural conditions and has tourist attraction and potential which if developed provides opportunities for this village to become a tourist village. The methodology used in carrying out this aspiration absorption activity is the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) method. The result of this program is that the people of Sungai Langsat village, who initially did not know what a tourist village was, became aware of it and the response given by the village community regarding building a tourist village was also quite good. It is hoped that the village government can increase the participation of the village community based on the results of the study conducted, and for the community it is hoped that it will be more active in participating in village development, especially in village tourism planning which at the same time moves and grows the economy of rural communities


Due to unprecedented changes in grain prices during the past year, the dairy industry is reexamining how feed ingredients are used to balance rations. Because corn is no longer the cheapest source of energy, it cannot be used as the sole reference feed in evaluating nutrients supplied by other feedstuffs. Energy in dairy rations is supplied mainly by carbohydrates in the form of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC). Strategies aimed at reducing ration costs include using more high-quality forage and/or using more by-product feedstuffs to provide highly digestible NDF and NFC. Numerous research studies have demonstrated that grain starch can be replaced by fermentable carbohydrates from other feedstuffs without compromising milk yield or milk components. The key is to optimize rumen function by maintaining adequate levels of forage NDF and providing readily fermentable carbohydrate in the form of NDF and NFC. Current National Research Council (NRC, 2001) recommendations for minimum forage NDF levels in the range of 15 to 19% of DM work well. Non-forage NDF can be varied over the range of 6 to 25% of DM with NFC inversely ranging from 27 to 50%DM. Using several approaches to providing fermentable carbohydrates and thus energy in the diet, dairy producers have been able to reduce corn grain use by 25 to 35% in lactating cow rations without compromising production.


BACKGROUND: This study was aimed to adopt Sigma metrics for the assessment of quality assurance in clinical Biochemistry laboratory. Quality assurance of laboratory services is the need of present time in the health care which required quality planning, quality control (QC), quality assessment (QA) and quality improvement. The six sigma concept which is an evolution in quality management that is being widely implemented in the corporate world and is also considered as the universal measure of quality. Health care sector can be benefited by implementation of Six sigma for quality assurance, which provides a general methodology to describe performance on sigma scale and it also provides a more quantitative framework for evaluating process performance and more objective evidence for its improvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, internal and external quality control data were analyzed retrospectively for the period from June to September 2012. Laboratory mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and bias were calculated for the selected parameters. Sigma was calculated for level I & II of internal quality control (IQC). RESULTS: Satisfactory sigma values (≥3) were elicited for blood glucose, ALP, total protein, triglyceride, HDL, uric acid and amylase, while SGPT, SGOT and cholesterol performed poorly on the sigma scale. CONCLUSION: Results of our study draw the attention towards meticulous appraisal and execution of quality measures to improve sigma standards of all the analytical processes. Although Six Sigma provides benefits over prior approaches to quality management, it also creates newer challenges for laboratory practitioners.


A multi-mode metrology user interface device includes a signal processing and control portion, a user input interface portion, and a communication portion. The signal processing and control portion includes a measurement display mode configured to display measurement values from multiple metrology devices. The signal processing and control portion further includes at least one of: a) a computational mode configured to compute a value based on measurement values from multiple metrology devices; and b) a combination display mode configured to plot a graph of values from two metrology devices.


PURPOSE: To provide a two-dimensional scroll icon for scrolling data in the client area of a window or a panel. CONSTITUTION: A scroll icon 51 has a home position 57. The scroll icon can be dragged from the home position to any arbitrary direction for executing scroll. The scroll is performed in a direction along a virtual vector extended from the home position to the scroll icon. The scroll icon is moved or dragged by a mouse pointer 59. The speed of scroll is proportional to the distance of the scroll icon from the home position. Characters are arranged on the scroll icon. When these characters are selected, the ON/OFF of visibility of vertical and horizontal scroll bars 39 and 41 along the side parts of the window is switched.


We evaluate the determinant det 1≤i,j≤n x (() - ()), which gives the number of lozenge tilings of a hexagon with cut off corners. A particularly interesting feature of this evaluation is that it requires the proof of a certain hypergeometric identity which we accomplish by using Gosper's algorithm in a nonautomatic fashion.


A series of Pt/TiO2 catalysts with various Pt particle sizes and valence states were prepared and tested for CO oxidation at room temperature. Field-emission transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses confirmed that the activity of the Pt/TiO2 catalyst was influenced by the particle size and valence state of the catalyst particles. Excellent CO oxidation activity was observed at room temperature using highly dispersed, small metallic Pt particles. Increasing the Ptmetallic/Pttotal ratio resulted in an increase of turnover frequencies. According to the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results, the linear CO species that was adsorbed on metallic Pt sites at 25 °C reacted with atmospheric O2 and was easily desorbed. However, linear CO species adsorbed on PtOx (x ≥ 2) sites was only desorbed at temperatures ≥100 °C, confirming the lack of CO oxidation activity at room temperature with ionic Pt catalysts.


This report describes the compaction by internal vibrator for fresh concrete made with artificial lightweight aggregate.The pressure caused to the vibrator was measured at random in concrete by means of the pressure gage embeded in concrete. The acceleration was calculated upon the measured value of the pressure.Float of lightweight coarse aggregate occurred during the vibration within the range of about 20cm from the vibrator. This phenomena can be prevented by limiting the vibration at each point within ten seconds.The effective zone for compaction corresponding to four times as much acceleration of gravity is about 30cm from the vibrator.


Designed an agent-based P2P network traffic monitoring and adjustment of model algorithm.This model uses a proxy architecture,set in the P2P network site monitoring and management agent architecture to organize the whole P2P network traffic monitoring and network overload node traffic shaping,to reorganize the network topology structures.Experiments on the Microsoft Visual Studio 2010 platform using Visual C + + simulation analysis of the system,the results show that the agent control structure model of P2P network traffic monitoring and adjustment can be achieved when the entire network system overload,the algorithm the performance is more obvious,and can effectively reduce the consumption of network bandwidth and reduce system overhead,greatly improving the utilization of the network.Been widely used P2P applications and tools are all greatly occupy Internet bandwidth,so the algorithm model studied in this paper has great theoretical significance and practical value.


Energy Balancing system can supply heating and cooling at the same time. Using refrigeration cycle, this system extracts heat from cooling demand zone and supplies this heat to heating demand zone. Evaporator extracts heat from cooling demand zone and condenser supplies heat to heating demand zone. However, Energy Balancing system can be operated when all heating load and cooling load exist in the building. For this reason, if the amount of heating load and cooling load occur similarly and the occurrence time of heating load and cooling load also occur similarly, ratio of heating and cooling production Energy Balancing system can increase. In this study, thermal condition of zone is deduced for operating efficiently of Energy Balancing system. In addition, zone combination method is developed as is set the system operating range in a building. First, thermal characteristics of zones are analyzed. Using analyzed data, building zones are classified by thermal condition; the amount of heating and cooling loads occurrence and the occurrence time of the loads. Second, zones which are adapted Energy Balancing system are found by a method which combines types of zone.


General comments: The manuscript describes an adaptation of a mass flux scheme designed to represent convection within the boundary layer to simulate convective plumes induced by vegetation fires. In general, the text is well written and the adapted mass flux scheme for pyro-convection and its implementation within a 3d large scale transport model, in spite of the discussed discrepancies with previous studies and observations, seems to be promising. I'd recommend the publication after the points below are properly addressed.


We study an infinite-horizon multilateral bargaining game in which the status quo policy, players' recognition probabilities, and their voting weights are endogenously determined by the previous bargaining outcome. With perfectly farsighted players, we show that the equilibrium long-run outcome features the concentration of power by one or two players, depending on the initial bargaining state. If the players' initial shares are relatively equal, they successfully prevent tyranny, but a two-player oligarchy nevertheless emerges and persists. If the players are imperfectly farsighted, the same results are obtained provided that the players' shares are not too small. Our results highlight the importance of the initial power distribution and farsightedness in the long-run development of power configuration.


Bone and tooth mineral generally undergo diagenetic changes. These changes in the carbonate hydroxyapatite structure and composition can affect the signals embedded in the mineral phase, such as migration behavior, age of the specimen and the reconstruction of past environments. Mineral preservation state can be assessed using infrared spectroscopy which provides information on crystal disorder at the atomic level and mineral composition. Here we present a new approach to evaluate carbonate hydroxyapatite atomic disorder using infrared spectroscopy and the standard KBr sample mounting method. We show that by repeated grinding of the sample and then plotting the infrared splitting factor against the width of the major phosphate absorption peak after each grinding, grinding curves with well defined trend lines can be obtained. The offsets between curves reflect differences in atomic disorder. We show that grinding curve offsets can be used to evaluate the state of preservation of bone, dentine and enamel mineral.


This bachelor thesis tries to show the reader the whole picture of ICT use by pupils and teachers at Business Academy and VOS Valasske Meziřici. The theoretical part is based on the latest ICT studies that took place in schools in several European countries including Czech republic. The analysis is based on the survey designed individually for pupils and teachers, and is aimed on the situation of ICT use in the school mentioned above. The point is to reveal barriers of better and efficient use of ICT as well as to show the ICT impact on motivation. At the conclusion, the author suggests a few possible ways to develop ICT situation in the school.


In this article, a novel method for continuous hand gesture detection and recognition is proposed based on a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar. Firstly, we adopt the 2-Dimensional Fast Fourier Transform (2D-FFT) to estimate the range and Doppler parameters of the hand gesture raw data, and construct the range-time map (RTM) and Doppler-time map (DTM). Meanwhile, we apply the Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm to calculate the angle and construct the angle-time map (ATM). Secondly, a hand gesture detection method is proposed to segment the continuous hand gestures using a decision threshold. Thirdly, the central time-frequency trajectory of each hand gesture spectrogram is clustered using the $k$ -means algorithm, and then the Fusion Dynamic Time Warping (FDTW) algorithm is presented to recognize the hand gestures. Finally, experiments show that the accuracy of the proposed hand gesture detection method can reach 96.17%. The hand gesture average recognition accuracy of the proposed FDTW algorithm is 95.83%, while its time complexity is reduced by more than 50%.


The concept of Remote Auditing (often called E-Auditing) is a polarizing idea in the metrology community. Staunch advocates offer claims that audits can and should be 100% remote and that on-site visits are a vestige of the pre-internet business world. Equally staunch opponents are passionate that without a physical visit an effective audit is simply not possible. The truth is somewhere in the middle. As part of a toolbox of auditing techniques, Remote Auditing can contribute to reduction of the cost of an audit program and may offer flexibility, especially in internal auditing. Remote auditing can be used to reduce, but not eliminate, on-site visits and hence save travel costs and temper the operational impact by reducing audit interruptions to manufacturing and service. But can we ensure remote auditing techniques produce reliable, repeatable and validated results? This paper will show, through real examples, a method of incorporating remote auditing into robust audit program. Examples will be shared regarding when it is or is not an effective tool and how it can be combined with and enhance traditional on-site auditing processes. Additional examples illustrate when remote auditing is not effective and when its use may actually hinder the internal audit process. Pros and cons, data comparing potential savings, best practices and lessons learned will be presented. The conclusion of the paper is that while it is not a stand-alone process, the inclusion of effective Remote Auditing techniques can contribute significantly to the overall goals of cost and time reduction in an audit program, without sacrificing audit quality.


During the course of recent archaeological survey investigations for a proposed waterline, a previously unrecorded prehistoric Caddo site Lakewood Gardens (41SM425)-was found near, but outside the rightof-way and construction casement of, the proposed waterline. This article provides summary details about the site, hopefully adding information to the sparse archaeological record of prehistoric Caddo sites along Black Fork Creek. The site is situated on a natural upland rise (440 feet amsl) overlooking the Black Fork Creek floodplain less than 200 m to the north. Black Fork Creek is in the upper Neches River basin; the creek flows west into Prairie Creek, which enters the Neches River about 10 km to the west of the site. This area is in the Post Oak Savannah. Before the midto late 19th century, the swampy Black Fork Creek floodplain would have been covered with an oak-hickory forest, with more mesic hardwoods, including various oaks, maple, sweetgum, ash, and elm. The Post Oak Savanna vegetation would have been dominated by a variety of fire-tolerant oaks and hickory on upland landforms. The upland landforms in this part of Smith County area have Eocene-aged Queen Sparta, Tyler Greenstone Member, and Weches Formation interbedded deposits of sand and clays.


In this study, a person is considered as PWD if he/she has at least one of any kind and any severity of disability. PWD with severe disability refers to every person having at least one severe disability, while PWD with mild disability refers to every person having at least one mild disability but doesn't have any severe disability. Therefore, the summarized number of PWD with mild disability and PWD with severe disability will be equal to the number of PWD in Indonesia.


Human exploration beyond low Earth orbit is typically characterized by cost-prohibitive launch vehicles, payloads, and by time consuming maintenance of space vehicles. NASA is currently in the process of alleviating some of these problems by investing in advanced developments in human health and performance, space transportation, space power, information and automation technologies, and miniaturization of sensors and instruments. In this paper, a roadmap describing microsensors and microinstruments needs, status, and technology gaps is described. Needs are broken down into several categories including science and engineering field labs; planetary prospecting; sample acquisition, curation, and planetary protection; crew environmental and medical monitoring; and system and vehicle health monitoring. In addition to scientific, crew and vehicle health and maintenance performance goals, innovative sensors and instrument technologies are chosen to conserve mass, power, volume and cost. "Smart sensor'' or "System on a Chip'' approaches are highlighted to alleviate an astronaut's more mundane responsibilities and to increase the time for available scientific investigation. These approaches also have the potential to minimize bandwidth and data storage requirements. Distributed microsensor architectures are also considered to improve the safety and long-term reliability of spacecraft and mobile support systems by enhancing sensing capabilities without impacting mass or power budgets for communication. Distributed sensor networks also have the potential to improve system robustness through redundancy and reduce operator error through automation. These concepts will be reviewed and summarized in the context of the SpaceSHIPS timeline.


Numerical solution of the well-known Bagley-Torvik equation is considered. The fractional-order derivative in the equation is converted, approximately, to ordinary-order derivatives up to second order. Approximated Bagley-Torvik equation is obtained using finite number of terms from the infinite series of integer-order derivatives expansion for the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative. The Bagley-Torvik equation is a second-order differential equation with constant coefficients. The derived equation, by considering only the first three terms from the infinite series to become a second-order ordinary differential equation with variable coefficients, is numerically solved after it is transformed into a system of first-order ordinary differential equations. The approximation of fractional-order derivative and the order of the truncated error are illustrated through some examples. Comparison between our result and exact analytical solution are made by considering an example with known analytical solution to show the preciseness of our proposed approach.


The aim of this study was to characterize the mechanical properties of a bioactive-modified PEEK manufacturing approach for dental implants and to compare the in vitro biological behavior with Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) as the reference. PEEK, PEEK with 5% hydroxyapatite (HA), PEEK with 5% beta-tricalcium phosphate (ßTCP) and Ti6Al4V discs were produced using hot pressing technology to create a functionally graded material (FGM). Surface roughness values (Ra, Rz), water contact angle, shear bond strength and Vickers hardness tests were performed. Human osteoblasts and gingival fibroblasts bioactivity was evaluated by a resazurin-based method, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) images of fluorescent-stained fibroblasts. Morphology and cellular adhesion were confirmed using field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM). Group comparisons were tested using Anova (Tukey's post-hoc) α=0.05. All groups presented similar roughness values (P>0.05). Ti6Al4V group was found to have the highest contact angle (P<0.05). Shear bond strength and Vicker's hardness of different PEEK materials were similar (P>0.05), however mean values in Ti6Al4V group were significantly higher when compared to other groups (P<0.05). Cell viability and proliferation of osteoblast and fibroblast cells were higher in PEEK group (P <0.05). PEEK-ßTCP showed the highest significant ALP activity over time ( P <0.05 at 14 days of culture). An enhanced bone and soft tissue cell behavior on pure PEEK was obtained to the gold standard - Ti6Al4V with equivalent roughness. The results substantiate the potential role of chemical composition rather than physical properties of materials in biological responses. The addition of 5% HA or ßTCP by FGM did not enhance PEEK mechanical properties or periodontal cell behavior.


China′s WTO entry brings unprecedented opportunity to tourism development.Because of the barrier of language and culture background and aesthetic difference, the tourist materials which have been translated into English are full of excessive heightening and exaggerating expressions which affect the enjoying of China′s beautiful scenic spots by foreign tourists. Flowery languages are fre- quently used in English translation for tourists and the corresponding translation methods should be used when translating the fl(?)wery languages.


Along with the development of the social economy and higher education of our country,the supply and demand contradiction of business management professionals is outstanding increasingly.This article analyzed the present situation of business administration education and students employment in our country university,and explained the reason of low employment rate of the business management students from the view of the training point,and on this basis,discussed how to reform the personnel training mode of business and management professional in the independent college.


ABSTRACT Studies on the effects of leadership in occupational health psychology build on the assumption that leaders influence their followers' health and well-being. Although this assumption has received support, this introductory paper to a special issue of Work & Stress on leadership argues that a number of questions regarding leadership and follower health and well-being remain unanswered. We identify four issues that we argue warrant further attention. First, what is "good" leadership? Particular leadership types are associated with increases in employee performance, but since this will involve higher effort expenditure, adverse outcomes for employee health are to be expected. Although many types of leadership are associated with favourable outcomes, we still need to identify the leadership characteristics can be identified that account for these positive outcomes. Second, how can good leadership be promoted? There is a need to develop interventions that are effective in promoting desirable leadership styles. Third, what are the inter-mediate and long-term effects of leadership on follower health? Finally, we need to understand the boundary conditions for good leadership, including the resources available to leaders. Based on these considerations, we conclude that further research is needed to fully understand the effects of leadership on employee health and well-being.


In the present paper, the hypothesis that all the perturbations of the stress-strain state observed in solids and in geomedia propagating in the form of slow deformation fronts have a common physical nature. The paper proposes a mathematical model that describes the related processes of the evolution of a stress-strain state in a loaded unstable elastoplastic medium and the formation and propagation of slow deformation fronts.


The research study on the pattern of elderly health tourism in Bangkok. The objective is to study the pattern of elderly health tourism in Bangkok. The comparison between the behavior of the elderly with a medical tourism for the elderly. The researcher collected data using a questionnaire. The samples used in this research is. Elderly people living in the Dusit area. Of 400 people found the majority were female than male. Accounted for 18 percent Aged between 50-55 years, mostly under graduate degree. And most seniors do not have underlying disease. The study Tourism activity patterns that fit elderly were divided into 5 categories, including massage, massage and herbal sauna. Practicing meditation and ascetic. The exercise was to And a selection of healthy eating. The results showed that the Select elderly tourist activities by choosing healthy eating is the first. The hypothesis testing period. Elderly with behavioral health care is different. To choose the form appropriate tourism activities with the elderly. Difference was statistically significant at the .05 level.


Background — Most malignancy patients that undergo radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy, especially those with malignancy of the pelvic region, are accompanied by hypoalbuminemia and kidney injury. Human albumin has been shown to have nephroprotective effects. Snakehead fish extract, a consumable source of albumin, can be an effective and cheap alternative to reduce the risk of kidney injury in malignancy patients. Objective — Analyze the effect of snakehead fish extract on urea, creatinine, and albumin serum levels in radiotherapy patients. Material and Methods — This study was conducted on patients undergoing radiotherapy. They were divided into two groups, each consisting of 15 patients; the control group was given a placebo and the experimental group was given snakehead fish extract. Albumin, urea, and creatinine serum levels were determined respectively by the bromocresol green method, urease method, and jaffe method, both before and after treatment. All data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Results — The serum albumin level decreased in both groups. While it dropped further in the treatment group than in the control group, the difference was not significant. Urea and creatinine serum levels decreased in the experimental group and increased in the control group. Once more, however, this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion — The administration of snakehead fish extract had no significant effect on albumin, urea, or creatinine serum levels in patients undergoing radiotherapy.


Subtitle: It may be Germany's second-oldest electric tramway, but Gera's system is looking to the future. Tony Streeter reports on its modernisation and expansion.


This article considers the main foreign work, initiating the concept of "learning region" in contemporary social science and political practice. The main objective of the work is a new understanding of the economic and political stage of development of society, expressed in terms of "knowledge economy", "network culture" and "interactive learning". Foreign authors propose their own experience of conceptualizing the notion of "learning region", which are summarized in a general theoretical paradigm. Theoretical basis of the concept of "learning region", which occurs at the intersection of innovation and economic geography theories are evolutionary economic model (A. Marshall), cluster theory (M. Porter), the concept of "social capital" (R. Putnam) and the theory of "industrial areas" (M. Storper). American researcher R. Florida calls the regions key economic unit of a new era of global capitalism, which is included in the new era of knowledge creation and continuous learning. According to Richard Florida's analytical focus "learning region" is the process of learning in networks as an important organizational mode of the knowledge economy. Swedish researcher Bjorn Asheim raises two major themes: networks as the most convenient forms of organizational learning and agglomeration advantages for learning. The author argues that the best organizational form of networking is quasi-integration. Asheim emphasizes geographical aspect of learning networks, which creates advantages of agglomeration defined territorial conventions. According Asheim territorial convention, together with the regional innovation policies and institutions that support innovation, forms the institutional structure of the region. Kevin Morgan pays special attention to the concept of "social capital", which becomes crucial for understanding the nature of capitalism as a "learning economy". Social capital determines the institutional capacity of the region, is the main objective of the regional policy. According to K. Morgan network paradigm is able to unite economic geography and innovation theory. Based on the analysis of these concepts, we can conclude that interdisciplinarity of the concept "learning region" can act as a basis integrative concept of "network culture" and methodological tool for the analysis of its economic and political spheres.


This paper discribes the types and features of gold deposits that have been found in Xiahe-Hezuo area of Gansu Province.This area is of favourte conditions for ore forming and of special metallogenic types and there are better potential in gold resources.Some suggestions related to gold prospecting in this area are put forward.


ABSTRACT In the contemporary textile sector, antimicrobial fabrics have an increasing global interest. This study focused on the development of antimicrobial cotton fabrics impregnated with nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was prepared by nanoparticles of Ag loaded with nano SiO2. As a cutting-edge alternative raw material, Eragrostis teff straw was used to synthesis SiO2 nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) by sol–gel technique. Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) were obtained via green synthesis from silver nitrate (AgNO3) using Ocimum lamiifolium plant extract as a reducing agent. Stőber method was applied to obtain SiO2 impregnated Ag nanocomposite (SiO2@AgNC). The nanocomposite was characterised by different techniques, such as FTIR, XRD, BET, and SEM. Further, SiO2@AgNC was utilised to load in cotton fabric to develop an antimicrobial fabric. The antimicrobial proficiency of developed fabrics was investigated through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacterial concentration (MBC) against selected bacterial species, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. From the results, the MIC for S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli was found to be 0.60 mg/ml, 0.45 mg/mL, and 1.05 mg/ml, respectively. The MBC for S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli were found to be and 0.75 mg/ml, and 1.00 mg/ml, and 2.00 mg/ml, respectively. The inferences revealed that the developed fabrics could be applied extensively including healthcare, packaging materials, protective clothing, and others.


The last forty years have seen significant growth in the area of research in science education in Brazil. Faced with the volume of academic output, studies that present a descriptive character are necessary. However, "states of knowledge surveys" are still rarely found in the field of science education. In this context, the objective of the research presented in this article was to identify and describe the main characteristics and tendencies of Brazilian research on education in science museums, considering dissertations and thesis that address the use of information and communication technologies (ICT) in non-formal education spaces, as research problems. A mixed methods approach of qualitative and quantitative research was used, and a documentary analysis was carried out. Thirteen studies that focused on ICT in science museums were mapped, drawn from 11 dissertations and 2 theses that were produced in Brazil over a period of 25 years from 1991-2015. This is a theme that is not well explored nationally. In the paper we seek to contribute to the discussion with a view to listing possibilities for the development of new practices and investigations.


Five renal transplant recipients were preoperatively treated with transplant acceptance‐inducing cells (TAICs) in a Phase‐I safety study of TAICs as an adjunct immune‐conditioning therapy in living‐donor kidney transplantation. Initially, patients received anti‐thymocyte globulin induction therapy in combination with tacrolimus and steroid immunosuppression. Over the course of 12 weeks, steroids were withdrawn and tacrolimus therapy was minimized. Three of the five patients were able to tolerate low‐dose tacrolimus monotherapy and one patient was withdrawn from all immunosuppression for over 8 months. No acute or delayed adverse events were associated with the infusion of TAICs. Monitoring of the recipient anti‐donor reactivity of TAIC‐treated patients in mixed lymphocyte cultures demonstrated that, during periods of clinically stable graft function, recipient T‐cell proliferation and cytokine secretion in response to stimulation with donor alloantigen was relatively suppressed. Therefore, although the TAIC‐II trial did not provide conclusive evidence of a beneficial effect of preoperative TAIC treatment, the results were encouraging because they suggest that TAICs promote a state of alloantigen‐specific unresponsiveness, which might allow safe minimization of pharmacological immunosuppression.


Antimicrobial activity and the properties of edible film were studied by incorporating with encapsulated clove (Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb.) oil as a natural antibacterial agent. The minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of clove oil inhibited the growth of E. coli O175:H7, S. aureus and L. monocytogenes were tested in the stationary phase. The results showed that 1.0, 1.5 and 0.5% of clove oil inhibited about 105 cfu/mL of E. coli O175:H7, S. aureus and L. monocytogenes in vitro experiments respectively. Antimicrobial edible films were prepared by incorporating encapsulated clove oil from 1, 2, 3 folds of MBC into 1.5% of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) film solution. The edible HPMC films exhibited antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria tested by using agar diffusion assay. The results showed that increasing encapsulated clove oil in the edible HPMC films from 1, 2, 3 folds of MBC yielded a higher inhibition zone from 18.5026.75, 28.75-39.00 and 16.67-31.00 mm of E. coli O175:H7, S. aureus and L. monocytogenes, respectively. Tensile strength, elongation at break, water vapor permeability, and film solubility were significantly (p<0.05) decreased with the incorporation of encapsulated clove oil. The color of edible HPMC films was affected by the addition of encapsulated clove oil; the results showed that increasing the encapsulated clove oil resulted in darker and more yellowish films. The lower transparency of the edible HPMC films was noticed when a greater amount of encapsulated clove oil was incorporated (p<0.05). Encapsulated clove oil filled edible HPMC films provided the films with a rougher surface than pure edible films.


Obtaining the optimal values of the parameters for th e design of a required mould and the operation of the moulding process are diffi cult, this is due to the complexity of product geometry and the variation of pla stic material properties. The typical parameters for the mould design and mouldi ng process are melt flow length, injection pressure, holding pressure, back pres sure, injection speed, melt temperature, mould temperature, clamping force, inje ction time, holding time and cooling time. This pape...


Effects of methylprednisolone sodium succinate, a water soluble corticosteroid, on conditioned behaviors in fixed ratio (FR 30) and fixed interval (FI 60sec.) schedules of food reinforcement, as well as in Sidman's and discriminated avoidance schedules were investigated in rats.The effects on conditioned suppression (CER) which was developed by warning stimulus associated with electric shock in FR and FI schedules, were also observed after the steroid.These conditioned responses did not exhibit marked change following the administration of the steroid (10-40 mg/kg). However, correct response rate increased with decreasing of total responses in discriminated avoidance schedule. Such phenomena became rather prominent 24 hours after the administration; thus the mechanism was probably caused by the inhibition of ACTH-release rather than by the direct central-action of the steroid.


Objective To investigate the relationship between silent information regulator 2 of mammalian-SIRT1 and INS/IGF-1 pathway,and to observe whether SIRT1 could affect the insulin secretion of NIT-1 by the INS/IGF-1 pathway.The results would provide new experimental evidences and rationale foundation,which would help to illuminate the pathogenesy of T2DM.Methods NIT-1 cells were stimulated by Resveratrol(RE),the activator of SIRT1,and nicotinamide(NIC),the suppressor of SIRT1.The expressions of the major factors of INS/IGF-1 pathway:PI3K,AKT,FOXO1 were detected by RT-PCR and immunocytochemical stain.The secretion and expression of insulin(INS)was detected by radioimmunity,immunocytochemical stain and RT-PCR.The cell double time was measured by cytometry.Results When the activator and suppressor of SIRT1 lead to hyperexpression and low expression of SIRT1 at mRNA level,respectively,they can affect the insulin secretion of NIT-1 cells and the expression of the major factors of INS/IGF-1 pathway:PI3K,AKT.But the hyperexpression of SIRT1 do not affect expression of FOXO1.It implies the complexity of the pathway by which SIRT1 affects the insulin secretion of NIT-1 cells.Conclusions SIRT1 can affect the insulin secretion of NIT-1 cells by regulating the INS/IGF-1 pathway.


Ecological problems associated with current antifouling technologies have increased interest in the natural strategies that marine organisms use to keep their surfaces clean and free from fouling. Bacteria isolated from living surfaces in the marine environment have been shown to produce chemicals that are potential antifoulants. Active compounds from the cells and culture supernatant of two bacterial strains, FS‐55 and NudMB50–11, isolated from surface of the seaweed, Fucus serratus, and the nudibranch, Archidoris pseudoargus, respectively, were extracted using solid phase extraction. The extracts were combined with acrylic base paint resin and assayed for antifouling activity by measuring their ability to inhibit the growth of fouling bacteria. These formulations were found to be active against fouling bacteria isolated from marine surfaces. The formulation of antifouling paints that incorporate marine microbial natural products is reported here for the first time. This is a significant advance towards the production of an environmentally friendly antifouling paint that utilises a sustainable supply of natural biodegradable compounds.


Introduction: Drug transporters are differentially expressed in many polarized tissues. The varied distribution and expression of transporters determines the net transcellular transport and influences the disposition of many clinically used drugs. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and Solute Carrier (SLC) transporters interact dynamically to mediate the passage of drugs across cells. The variable expression of drug transporters could be attributed to genetic and non-genetic factors, which accounts for the differences in drug response among individuals, in terms of both efficacy and adverse effects. Areas covered: The authors provide the background of ABC and SLC transporters, and highlight the fact that their expression is cell-specific and the study of a transporter in isolation is not an adequate measure of its function. The technologies and approaches to characterize the function of transporters, as well as the genetic and non-genetic factors underlying their variable expression in specific cells and among individuals were reviewed. Expert opinion: Many studies have utilized tissue homogenization techniques to isolate mRNA for quantifying transporter expression levels. We highlight that transporter expression is cell-specific and mRNA expression does not always reflect its total functionality. In addition, transporter expression in immortalized cell lines may not mirror its expression in the target tissue site.


Camouzis studies the large-scale nature of the solution of the nonlinear differential equations:x_(n+1)=(βx_n+δx_(n-2))/(A+Bx_n+Cx_(n-1)),obtaines some interesting results,and raises three open problem and two conjecture.The way is used that E.Camouzis had used 、analysis and chart,will further study this equation.And the asymptotic stability and global attractivity are got about the equation and it's variants.In the end,the conclusion validates graphics.


According to the particularity of typical thin-walled graphite electrode,the programming strategies for high speed milling process were analyzed,including the tool path strategies,leading in/out,and the tool path connections.A programming example was used to illustrate the practical application of Powermill software in high speed milling of graphite electrode.


This article investigates how the idea of performing power becomes crucial in Italian Renaissance political thought. The analysis focuses on two pre-Machiavellian mirrors for princes written in the second half of the fifteenth century in the kingdom of Naples, under the Aragonese monarchy: Giovanni Pontano's De principe (1465) and Giuniano Maio's De maiestate (1492), respectively in Neo-Latin and the vernacular. These are the first Italian political treatises where the concept of majesty is systematically theorized and is linked with the practical aspects of the art of governing and the performance of power. In particular, the whole second part of Pontano's text defines and illustrates the virtue of majesty as coinciding with the "external" image of princely rulership and with all concrete strategies deployed by the prince to gain consensus. This concept is recovered and emphasized in Maio's De maiestate, the first treatise entirely devoted to this key aspect of kingship, to the extent that the figure of ideal princeps is encapsulated in the all-encompassing notion of majesty, the virtue that becomes the most important royal attribute. Thus, this new theory of statecraft, with a specific focus on the image that the ruler is able to give to his subjects and on the importance of the people's consent, displays the emergence of a blossoming idea of political realism, which is specific to this age and context and would develop in more mature forms in the following century.


A constant envelope modulation technique called the smooth phase interpolated keying (SPIK) is investigated. Its performance is studied in the context of the consultative committee for space data systems (CCSDS) 8-D 8-PSK trellis coded modulation (TCM). It is observed that SPIK is highly spectrally efficient for nonlinear channels compared to linear modulations that use the conventional square root raised cosine (SRRC) filtering. An optimal receiver structure is described and suboptimal versions are investigated. The optimal receiver achieves excellent bit error rate (BER) performance. The performance of SPIK is studied for both travelling wave tube amplifier (TWTA) and solid state power amplifier (SSPA) models. It is observed that for nonlinear channels, SPIK based CCSDS provides significant benefits in spectral performance at the cost of nearly 1 dB in the BER performance over the SRRC based CCSDS, when the latter assumes perfect phase tracking. Further improvement in the BER performance of SPIK is possible at the cost of computational complexity, whereas an improvement in the SRRC approach involves more complexity and accurate parameter tracking of the nonlinear channel.


The industry utilises hydraulic actuators due to their high power density and robustness. Especially the control of mobile hydraulic systems is challenging, among others, because of unknown and time-variant system parameters and the limited use of sensors. Firstly, parameters such as viscous damping, inertia and external load might change during operation and need to be estimated. Secondly, mobile hydraulic machines are commonly equipped with pressure sensors only but lack position or velocity sensors because of high cost and poor robustness. From a control perspective, systems with uncertain parameters are typically addressed by adaptive control methods to estimate uncertainties and stabilise the system. As the primary objective is to track the velocity, an observer for the uncertain system is necessary, which is not common in adaptive control. This paper presents an adaptive and command filtered backstepping algorithm, including an observer for the uncertain system for a class of hydraulic systems with fast valve dynamics. The algorithm adapts physically meaningful parameters and observes the velocity of the uncertain system. In addition, the adaptation laws are reformulated by partial integration to remove the requirement to measure the velocity ultimately. Stability is proven based on Lyapunov theory, and performance is demonstrated on a nonlinear simulation model of an exemplary hydraulic system.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate two research questions. Is internal control system (ICS) disclosure, as a monitoring mechanism, associated with the characteristics of the board of directors, particularly the audit committee as the main board committee devoted to the effectiveness of ICS? Does the regulatory environment, particularly the regulation on ICS disclosure as an external governance/monitoring mechanism play a role in shaping the relationship between board monitoring and ICS disclosure and, if so, how? Design/methodology/approach – The authors study the ICS disclosure of 149 companies listed in four European financial markets (London, Paris, Frankfurt and Milan), each with its own regulations about ICS disclosure, during a six-year period (2003-2008). Findings – The findings support an inverse association between the extent of ICS disclosure and the proxies for board monitoring. The authors also find a statistically significant negative relationship between board monitoring a...


Ag-Ni binary nanoparticles with different shapes (snowman and core-shell) were synthesized by modulating the lattice strain. In the catalytic hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol, a significant enhancement of the reaction rate was observed for the snowman shape in comparison with the core-shell shape under light irradiation.


In this work we are interested in the problem of scheduling and redistributing data on master-slave platforms. We consider the case were the workers possess initial loads, some of which having to be redistributed in order to balance their completion times. We assume that the data consists of independent and identical tasks. We prove the NP completeness of the problem for fully heterogeneous platforms. Also, we present optimal polynomial algorithms for special important topologies: a simple greedy algorithm for homogeneous star-networks, and a more complicated algorithm for platforms with homogeneous communication links and heterogeneous workers.


ABSTRACT This study looks at parents who have adopted children from the U.S. foster care system and identifies relationships between postadoptive services and outcomes for both parents and children alike. Data for the study came from the 2012 U.S. National Adoptive Families Study, an online survey of adoptive parents (N = 437) who have adopted at least 1 child from the U.S. foster care system. The study focused on child outcomes such as social integration and the child's overall improvement and adoptive parent outcomes such as emotional states, changes in close relationships, and satisfaction with the adoption. The study also assessed whether or not these outcomes are associated with adoption dissolution. Results show that parents' need for and access to postadoption services is associated with many types of parent and child outcomes, but not always in the direction practitioners might assume. Furthermore, these parent and child outcomes are statistically related to adoption dissolution. Future research will delve into whether or not these associations between postadoptive services and outcomes differ among adoptive families based on family structure and social support networks.


In this review we describe current information on the transfer of radiostrontium to milk, and critically evaluate available countermeasures to reduce radiostrontium contamination of milk.
Levels of radiostrontium in milk respond rapidly to those in the diet. The transfer of radiostrontium to milk is determined by calcium intake and status. Under normal ranges of dietary calcium intakes the transfer of radiostrontium to milk is likely to be inversely proportional to that of the dietary calcium intake. Therefore, the usefulness of conventional transfer coefficients for radiostrontium is limited, and predictions could be misleading. A relationship was noted between calcium intake and radiostrontium transfer to milk, which might allow improved estimation of radiostrontium transfer to milk.
The simplest and most effective countermeasure to reduce radiostrontium activity concentrations in milk is to provide dairy animals with uncontaminated feed, this has the added advantage of being effective for other radionuclides. If there is a limited supply of such feed preference should be given to dairy animals over animals reared for meat. If the affected area is very large or deposition occurs in late spring it will be difficult to supply uncontaminated fodder to large numbers of dairy cows and the use of alternative countermeasures needs to be considered.
The most practical, simple method of producing fodder or pasture grass with sufficiently low radiostrontium levels would be to apply lime to contaminated soils. The effectiveness of liming will depend on the prevailing calcium status of the soil; since most UK agricultural soils are not deficient in calcium the effect of liming may not be high. On organic soils liming may increase plant uptake of radiostrontium, and therefore the effect for major organic soil categories would need to be checked before application. The application of organic matter may also be effective, but the concomitant effect on radiocaesium needs consideration. Removing or diluting the top layer of contaminated soil, either by surface ploughing, or preferably skim and burial ploughing should also be considered, although the latter would not currently be possible since such ploughs are not available in the UK.
The use of additives given to ruminants to reduce radiostrontium in milk is an alternative countermeasure which should be considered, particularly if difficulties are encountered with supplying uncontaminated feedstuffs for dairy animals. Such countermeasures also have the advantage that they are rapidly effective, in contrast to many of the soil-based countermeasures. Furthermore, countermeasures based on additives are generally easy to administer to dairy animals, which are routinely handled twice daily, and potentially more cost-effective than soil-based treatments. Increasing the calcium intake by a factor of two should decrease radiostrontium levels in milk by a concomitant amount. However, relatively small increases in stable calcium intake are unlikely to achieve a substantial reduction. Other suggested additives to reduce the transfer of radiostrontium to milk are either of limited effectiveness (e.g. clay minerals) or need further investigation (e.g. calcium alginate) before they could be considered as a practically feasible alternative to calcium.
The effectiveness of available countermeasures varies. Radiostrontium activity concentrations decline rapidly in milk when feeding uncontaminated feed, and the rates of loss are determined by the biological half-life of radiostrontium in ruminant milk. Soil treatment can give maximum reduction of ten fold, but a factor of two or three is more common. Feeding dairy cows enhanced levels of Ca will give maximum reduction factors of two to three. Potentially higher reduction factors could be achieved if selective, and appropriate Sr binders were available. A summary of potentially effective countermeasure options which could be adopted is given below.


To study theoretically the threshold characteristics of fibre Raman amplifier(FRA),at first,the course of FRA's threshold through the coupling equations of stimulated Raman scattering was presented and the numerical simulation results were given.Then,based on the study before,the theoretical expression of forward-pumped and backward-pumped FRA's threshold were obtained considering the practical factors and the effect of all parameters on the threshold was studied in detail under the condition of five typical kinds of fibres.The results are:threshold are different with different pumping ways and in the same pumping way,each parameter has different effects on threshold.Finally,conclusion has been got that the threshold of the amplifier can be reduced based on different effects of each parameter,which gives some advices for improving the pump efficiency and experiment work of the amplifier.


Neutron diffraction and magnetic susceptibility studies of (Li 1 (cid:50) 3 x Fe x )NiPO 4 ( x (cid:53) 0 and x (cid:53) 0.033) compounds reveal remarkable differences between the magnetic properties of pure LiNiPO 4 and those of its lightly iron-doped derivative. The spin system associated with the Ni 2 (cid:49) ions ( S (cid:53) 1) in the pure compound undergoes a collinear antiferromagnetic ordering at T N (cid:53) 19.1 (cid:54) 0.5 K, with the characteristics of weakly coupled two-dimensional (cid:126) 2D (cid:33) Ising square planes. By contrast, randomly intercalated iron spins (cid:126) in Li sites (cid:33) between Ni 2 (cid:49) planes comprise a spin-glass-like subsystem which, despite their minute amount, drives the antiferromagnetic transition to higher temperatures T N (cid:53) 25.2 (cid:54) 0.5 K, and significantly modifies the critical behavior of the 2D Ni 2 (cid:49) system. It is argued that the doped compound can serve as a model system for studying the randomly coupled planar Ising model. (cid:64) S0163-1829 (cid:126) 99 (cid:33) 15425-0 (cid:35)


AbstractDensity evolution is one of the most powerful analytical tools for low-density parity-check codes andgraph codes with message passing decoding algorithms. With channel symmetry as one of its fundamentalassumptions, density evolution has been widely and successfully applied to di erent channels, includingbinary erasure channels, binary symmetric channels, binary additive white Gaussian channels, etc. Thispaper generalizes density evolution for non-symmetric memoryless channels, which in turn broadens theapplications to general memoryless channels, e.g. z-channels, binary asymmetric channels, etc. The cen-tral theorem underpinning this generalization is the convergence to perfect projection for any xed sizesupporting tree. A new iterative formula of the same complexity is then presented and the necessary the-orems for the performance concentration theorems are developed. Several properties of the new densityevolution method are explored, including stability results for general asymmetric memoryless channels.Simulations, code optimizations, and possible new applications suggested by this new density evolutionmethod are also provided. Our result is also used to prove the typicality of linear LDPC codes amongthe coset code ensemble when the minimum check node degree is suciently large. It can be shownthat the convergence to perfect projection is essential to the belief propagation algorithm even when onlysymmetric channels are considered. Hence our proof of the convergence to perfect projection serves alsoas a completion of the classical density evolution for symmetric memoryless channels.KeywordsLow-density parity-check codes, density evolution, sum-product algorithm, asymmetric channels, z-channels, rank of random matrices.


Direct writing of color patterns is investigated in (AgI)x(AgPO3)1−x ionically conductive glasses through the use of an electron beam. A range of glasses from x = 0–0.5 are explored to represent varying levels of ionic conductivity and the gamut of colors possible depending on substrate composition. For AgIAgPO3, writing capabilities are found to include a linear, tunable optical density of patterns in transmission, as well as diffraction limited color resolution in reflection. Writing at multiple currents, beam energies, and raster techniques are performed to explore the sensitivity to variations of process parameters. With advanced multiple beam voltage patterning techniques, the authors demonstrate the capability to both generate new colors as well as erase patterns previously created with this process.


Once again, the epilogue serves to redress the balance. Madison's views had contained a strong Burkean element. Ordinary politics was intended to be genuinely deliberative, and the people's representatives would have the virtue associated with republican citizens. They should "refine and enlarge the public views by passing them through the medium of a chosen body of citizens, whose wisdom may best discern the true interest of their country and whose patriotism and love of justice will be least likely to sacrifice it to temporary or partial considerations." Ackerman, Sunstein suggests, has read into the Federalist vision a twentieth century conception of politics quite foreign to the Framers' intentions. Sunstein proceeds to discuss the deficiencies of pluralist politics, based on satisfaction of interests and preferences. His suggestion that the function of politics is to select preferences or provide opportunities for preference-formation, rather than simply to implement existing desires, is very attractive—and his discussion all too tantalisingly brief. Sunstein's short, well-argued epilogue clearly fulfils a valuable function in drawing together a few of the threads from some of the preceding essays. The other essays also repay reading, however: they range widely, including discussions of Tocqueville, Carl Schmitt and Max Weber, and the tensionbetween constitutionalism and democracy viewed as a tension between negative and positive liberty. We may conclude that constitutional democracy is only superficially oxymoronic: on closer inspection, the paradox at least partly dissolves, and familiar tensions reappear in a hundred new disguises.


Salinity of soil and irrigation is a factor that may cause a decrease in shallot productivity, so it requires efforts with amendments. This research aimed to determine the effect of gypsum and zeolite amendments on soil and shallot growth with saline irrigation. A pot experiment was conducted in the field using a completely randomized design with three factors. The first factor was two soil types (Alfisol and Inceptisol); the second factor was three shallot cultivars (Brebes, Purbalingga, and Pemalang); and the third factor was two types of soil amendments. The results showed that gypsum and zeolite reduced pH, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), electric conductivity paste (ECp) and Na of the soils studied. Gypsum and zeolite increased the uptake of N, P and K by shallot plants. The increase of N uptake by applying gypsum on Inceptisol was more effective to Brebes and Purbalingga cultivars than Pemalang cultivar. Gypsum increased the diameter and number of bulbs in Inceptisol. Zeolite and gypsum increased bulb weight of Purbalingga cultivar in Alfisol.


The article is devoted to the institution of the Ukrainian hetman. In particular, the history of it during the First and Second Hetmanates, and the implementation of Hetman's power in Ukraine in the framework of the Third Hetmanate is theoretically grounded.


The main goal is to resolve the interoperability problem of applications employing DOD TCP/IP (Department of Defence Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) family of protocols on a CCITT/ISO based network. The objective is to allow them to communicate over the CCITT/ISO protocol GPLAN (General Purpose Local Area Network) network without modification to the user's application programs. There were two primary assumptions associated with the solution that was actually realized. The first is that the solution had to allow for future movement to the exclusive use of the CCITT/ISO standards. The second is that the solution had to be software transparent to the currently installed TCP/IP and CCITT/ISO user application programs.