G IRAUT'S Provengal biographer tells us that the poet was "savis hom de letras e de sen natural," that, being the best troubadour of all times, he had been called "maystre dels trobadors" and was called so still at his, the biographer's own time, by all those who "ben entendon sobtils digs ni ben pausatz d'amor ni de sen." The biographer had a right to say this because the number of Giraut's poems that have come down to us surpasses that of all the other troubadours-the epigone and poetaster Guiraut Riquier excluded-thus proving the high estimation in which he was held by his contemporaries. The modern reader does not quite understand this; for him Giraut shows a little too much of that "sotil sen," of that subtilizing spirit that makes rather hard reading of so many of his poems. There are, however, among his nearly eighty songs some which are of a somewhat lighter vein. To these belongs a poem which is called "devinalh" by the old poetics. The word means 'riddle, puzzle.' Not all the poems belonging to this genre are real puzzles contrived for the reader to find out a solution by his patience and ingenuity. Some of them describe the poet's thoughts, feelings, or actions as being just the contrary of what could be expected from a reasonable being. This genre is as old in Provengal poetry as the first troubadour, William IX.3 Both William and Giraut give an explanation for their strange attitude in the tornadas of their poems: it is unanswered love that has disturbed their mental equilibrium. The prince uses for his explanation rather mysterious words:


Mild Combustion conditions (i.e. highly pre-heated and very diluted reactants) have been shown to influence the fuel oxidation kinetic significantly [1, 2]. The very high initial temperature and the very low concentration of reactants strongly modify the competitions among the different kinetic pathways thus stressing behavior that are usually hidden in traditional combustion conditions by very fast oxidation process both for high and low molecular weight hydrocarbons. Therefore, a large scale application of Mild Combustion requires the systematic evaluation of the effects of high inlet temperatures and high dilution degrees on fuel oxidation. For low molecular weight hydrocarbons, a preliminary study was carried out [3] which investigated methane oxidation under Mild conditions by means of experimental and numerical analyses performed on a continuous stirred flow reactor. The extreme working conditions revealed significant temperature oscillation phenomenology for a relatively wide range of inlet temperatures and C/O ratios that was classified on the basis of waveform shape. The only experimental evidence reported in the literature in relation to oscillatory behaviors in methane oxidation was obtained at lower temperatures and under batch conditions [4]. From a practical point of view, the presence of such oscillatory regimes could give rise to high frequency oscillations in combustion chambers, which are generally responsible for decreasing the efficiency of and causing serious damage to gas turbine burners. In this paper, the main process parameters affecting all types of combustor are analyzed in detail by means of a direct comparison between the experimental measurements made in a Jet Stirred Reactor and numerical predictions based on a chemical kinetic scheme developed for general use.


A simple, rapid, precise, and economical spectrophotometric method has been developed for quantitative analysis of Raltegravir Potassium (RALP) in tablet formulations. The stock solution of RALP was prepared in water. The standard solution of RALP in water showed absorption maxima at 331.6 nm. The drug obeyed Beer–Lambert's law in the concentration range of 1–100 μg/mL with coefficient of correlation (R 2 ) was 0.9999. It showed coefficient of variation below 2 % in intra-run and inter-run precision. The recovery was obtained with values close to the 100 % of theoretical at three different concentrations. The results of analysis have been validated as per ICH guidelines. The method can be adopted in routine analysis of RALP in bulk and tablet dosage form and it involves water as a solvent and no complex extraction techniques.


A comparison of molecular phylogenetic analysis (maximum parsimony and haplotype networks) with a morphological approach to species taxonomy is given, revealing a probable rapid speciation in the terminal Brachythecium salebrosum-clade. Within the latter, there are rather clearly morphologically delimited taxa with identical ITS, the most variable of the widely used molecular markers. Three new species are described basing on morphology. A key for the species identification in Russia is given, and species delimiting characters are discussed as well. Brachythecium laetum is confirmed for Russia and B. helminthocladum is reported it its flora for the first time.


Cystosarcoma phyllodes is a rare sarcoma of the breast. Although surgical removal is the mainstay of treatment, the extent of surgery required (excision vs. mastectomy) and the need for additional local therapy, such as radiotherapy, are unclear. The current study evaluated the rate of local and distant failure, as well as potential prognostic factors, to better define appropriate treatment strategies.


ABSTRACT Substantial evidence supports the benefits of quality preschool education for children of all levels and backgrounds. However, early childhood gifted education services rarely exist in preschool centers. This study included 263 preschool centers representing geographic diversity in a southern state in the United States. Narrative data were collected centering on two issues: the barriers to implementation of gifted education services and the potential benefits related to the implementation of gifted education services in preschool centers. Qualitative analyses included constant comparative analyses for data reduction to support thematic inferences. Participants described barriers related to human and capital resources, challenges of implementing gifted education services, and the lack of information about gifted education in preschool settings. Participants articulated benefits in two general categories: educational/developmental and business/marketing. There was some evidence that a small portion of participants were opposed to the implementation of gifted education, but most participants indicated a desire for more responsive education services. This study may help gifted education advocates understand the needs of preschool centers seeking to broaden their services to support cognitive development of young children who are gifted from diverse backgrounds.


The Maastricht convergence criteria are partially based on the theory of optimum currency areas and costs-benefits analysis of the creation of a single currency area as the EMU foundation. Fulfillment of convergence criteria should be durable, but it requires a certain degree of real convergence between member countries of the monetary union. The analysis of the economic role of the convergence criteria which has been carried out in this paper indicates that its implementation has been an important factor of macroeconomic stabilization for the EMU countries as well as for the countries planning accession to the Union. On the basis of the theory of economics and results of empirical studies we cannot state univocally that the convergence criteria are a barrier to economic growth. Naturally, this problem is controversial, but we can formulate a hypothesis that implementation of convergence criteria is an important factor of macroeconomic stabilization and sustainable economic growth.


The melting behavior after isothermal crystallization and the crystallization kinetics of random poly(2-hydroxyethoxybenzoate/e-caprolactone) copolymers rich in 2-hydroxyethoxybenzoate units were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry and hot-stage optical microscopy. The observed multiple endotherms, which are commonly displayed by polyesters, were found to be influenced both by crystallization temperature and composition. By applying the Hoffman-Weeks method to the melting temperatures of isothermally crystallized samples, the equilibrium melting temperatures of the copolymers were obtained. Furthermore, isothermal crystallization kinetics was analyzed according to the Avrami treatment. Values of the exponent n close to 3 were obtained, independently of crystallization temperature and composition, in agreement with a crystallization process originating from predeterminated nuclei and characterized by three-dimensional spherulitic growth. Space-filling banded spherulites were observed by hot-stage optical polarizing microscopy at all the crystallization temperatures explored, the band spacing being affected by both crystallization temperature and composition. As expected, the introduction of e-caprolactone comonomeric units in the polymer chain of PHEBA was found to decrease its crystallization rate.


IC detection is an important step in the IC manufacture.The defects of IC probe surface,such as the abrasion and dent,deeply effect on the performance detection result.In this paper,the probe surface quality inspection method by the machine vision is studied,the defect image process and shape recognization method are discussed with the gray transform,mean filtering,region link and image segmentation.The surface quality inspection system is developed by means of Halcon software.It is satisfactory that the fast and accurate detection of the IC detection probe with its diameter of 0.3 ~ 0.6 mm and the detection cycle and low cost.


Abstract Worldwide, mistletoes act as a keystone resource, providing food (nectar, fruit and foliage) and structural (nesting sites) resources to hundreds of fauna species. In Australia, loranthaceous mistletoes depend on birds for pollination and dispersal, and provide important nectar and fruit resources to a large number of nectarivorous and frugivorous species of bird. We investigated whether avian species richness and community structure varies with flowering and fruiting of two common mistletoe species (Loranthaceae: Wireleaf Mistletoe, Amyema preissii; and Box Mistletoe, A. miquelii), conducting monthly surveys of both birds and mistletoes over 1 year at five sites in south-western Western Australia (WA). Flowering and fruiting periods were distinct and differed both among sites and between mistletoe species. Nectar and ripe fruit were available for up to 5 months (Box Mistletoe) or 6–7 months (Wireleaf Mistletoe) at individual sites, but were available every month of the year across all sites. The presence of fruiting, but not flowering, mistletoe was associated with changes in bird community structure. Mistletoebirds (Dicaeum hirundinaceum) were significantly more likely to be recorded during months when ripe mistletoe fruit was present and the overall bird species richness was higher for these survey months. Mistletoes provide important resources, but further investigation is required to assess whether they act as a keystone resource in south-western WA.


The subject of this article is silence as communication, with the starting point in the silences of three patients in treatment—in one of them his silences lasted up to a year. Silence is also seen as a specific dimension linked to speech, as the treatment of a third patient shows. The nonverbal interaction between patient and analyst is illustrated. This interaction led to a developmental process in each of the patients, characterized by fusion and separation processes, which included a development of three-dimensionality. The curative process taking place in each of the three, not through verbalisation but through the relation, is understood in the light of Modell's (1990) concept of "dependent/containing transference". The treatment results demonstrate that the "dependent transference" is curative in itself when the therapeutic setting is maintained. The analyst's inner work during the dependent transference is described: a form of nonverbal participation and joint creativity in the intersubjective field.


Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is highly random and volatile, especially in microgrid power systems where this volatility has a great impact on their safe and stable operation. Meanwhile, considering the problems of traditional photovoltaics power prediction methods in terms of incomplete analysis of influencing factors and uncertainty of point prediction errors, this paper proposes a PV power interval prediction model by combing Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) and the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model. Firstly, the PV historical data are preprocessed based on the k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) algorithm; XGBoost is used to analyze the PV power influencing factors and extract the PV power sample features; then, EEMD is used to decompose the historical power series into a series of Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) and residual components, and the components having strong correlation with the original power series are filtered by the Maximal Information Coefficient (MIC) and fed into the LSTM model; the prediction results of each component are superposed to obtain the PV power prediction results; finally, the distribution interval of the predicted power in the known confidence interval is figured out with by fitting t-distribution based on the prediction results. For the model, the photovoltaic power generation data of an actual park in 2018 was taken as the sample to compare with conventional prediction models, such as Random Forest (RF), Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The experimental results show that the model is better than conventional prediction models in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), coefficient of determination (R2), and other indicators, and can give the range of PV predicted power with higher prediction accuracy and adaptability, which can meet the demand of short-term prediction of PV power in microgrids and provide strong data support for the stable operation of microgrid power systems.


Current treatment protocols for medulloblastomas stratify patients into high and average risk groups according to their age, metastatic status, and the presence of residual tumor after resection. Recent inten-sive genomic and molecular biological analyses of medulloblastomas have revealed that they can be classi-fied into at least four core subgroups, WNT, SHH, Group 3, and Group 4, based on differences in their cyto-genetics, mutational spectra, and gene expression signatures, as well as in their clinical phenotypes and outcomes. This four (cid:514) subgroup system for medulloblastomas will become a useful prognostic marker, and, in combination with metastatic and other characteristics, will lead to improved diagnosis and risk stratification systems. Novel treatments are already being designed and developed according to the molecular and clinical properties of each subgroup. The molecular and genetic diagnosis of medulloblastomas will be integrated into their clinical diagnosis, and will contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies for these tumors.


In this study, we extend cuckoo search algorithm that incorporates one-position inheritance mechanism, called OPICS. After searching for new solutions in Levy flights random walk, OPICS employs one-position inheritance mechanism to ensure that these new solutions learn one-dimensional information from the random solution. Learning extra information can help these new solutions escaping from a local optimum. Moreover, the one-position inheritance mechanism helps the best solution participate in searching for a new solution. Extensive experiments, which are carried on 28 benchmark functions with different properties, demonstrate the improvement in effectiveness and efficiency of OPICS.


Canadian census data (2006) reports that approximately one in nine families speaks a non-official language (a language that is neither English nor French) at home. This trend is prevalent in developed countries around the world where technology and transportation have both contributed to the magnitude of the immigration phenomenon. The diverse language learning needs of these multilingual families have resulted in different kinds of language programming in education. Since Canada's education system is a provincial, rather than a federal, matter, each province has implemented its own language programming to meet the language needs of its citizens. While some provinces have integrated non-official language teaching into the mainstream curriculum, others have opted for the more common supplementary minority language program. Ontario's International Language (IL) program is one of such supplementary programs where non-official languages are taught outside of mainstream classrooms. This paper reports on data collected from classroom observations and semi-structured interviews with two teachers in Ontario's Cantonese Chinese IL program. Through these teachers' accounts, this case study examines how their language ideologies affect their teaching philosophies and uncovers some of the challenges they faced when teaching Cantonese Chinese—an unofficial, minority language—as a second language. Both teachers suggest confidence as a key factor in facilitating student usage of the target language. Some inherent issues surrounding the current IL "curriculum" and its program structure will also be discussed.


In this paper, the stability of the solutions of nonlinear complementary problems is studied. It proves that, in the space Y consisting of nonlinear complementary problems satisfying some conditions, there exists a residual subset Q of Y such that every problem in Q has stable solution set,and in a subset of Y,every problem possesses at least one essential component of its solution set.


The Al-Si-Mg and copper foil were used to weld AZ31 magnesium alloy in vacuum furnace brazing and brazing under the protection of argon.The results showed that the metallurgical welded joint can be got,but the corrosion and oxidation usually existed around the welded joint and the cavity was in the brazing seam.AZ31 magnesium alloy which used the Cu foil as brazing filler metal got the better results.


Abstract : A discussion of the research objectives and techniques of the medical and psychological staff members of the Diving Medical Centre, Den Helder, is presented. Most of the current data collection is involved in establishing base line values on candidates entering the diver training program. Some additional data on physiological performance are collected annually from experienced divers and underwater swimmers. The most unusual finding is the appearance of slight irregularities in the EEG's of frogmen using high pressure oxygen several times per week for several years. These data must be carefully analyzed before a conclusion can be drawn. (Author)


Legal scholars' discussions of climate change assume that the issue is one mainly of engineering incentives, and that "environmental values" are too weak, vague, or both to spur political action to address the emerging crisis. This Article gives reason to believe otherwise. The major natural resource and environmental statutes, the acts creating national forests and parks to the Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act, have emerged from exactly the activity that discussions of climate change neglect: democratic argument over the value of the natural world and its role in competing ideas of national purpose, citizenship, and the role and scale of government. This Article traces several major episodes in those developments: the rise of a Romantic attachment to spectacular places, a utilitarian ideal of rational management of resources, the legal and cultural concept of "wilderness," and the innovation of "the environment" as a centerpiece of public debate at the end of the 1960s. The article connects each development to changes in background culture and values and the social movements and political actors that brought them into public debate and, eventually legislation. The result is both a set of specific studies and the outlines of an account of the ways in which the argument and self-interpretation of a democratic community have created and contested new ideas of "nature" throughout American political history. The Article then shows how past episodes cast light on the present: today's climate politics, including the seemingly anomalous (even "irrational") choices by municipalities to adopt the Kyoto carbon-emissions goals, make most sense when understood as extensions of a long tradition of political argument about nature, which does not simply take "interests" as fixed, but changes both interests and values by changing how citizens understand themselves, the country, and the natural world.


Based on the 2nd Meadows Memorial Lecture, given at the Royal College of Physicians, London, on the occasion of the meeting of the European Neuro-ophthalmological Society, in May 1997

The title of my lecture derives from a statement by the great lexicographer Dr Samuel Johnson in the course of a review of the Essay on Waters , by Dr Charles Lucas.1 Lucas extolled the healing powers of the waters at Bath (where he was physician) and elsewhere during an enforced hiatus in his political life in Dublin. Dr Johnson was evidently not persuaded: "It is incident to physicians, I am afraid, beyond all other men, to mistake subsequence for consequence."2

Like most Johnsonian aphorisms this one is at once arresting and amusing. One has an immediate sense that he is right — and as a physician, rightly, one is uncomfortable. But again typically, as one reflects on it, there are depths and complexities. Its force derives from the tension created between the perception that there is an important truth here, and the perception that it is not universal. In this lecture in which we celebrate the memory and contribution of a truly great physician, I want to explore some of these complexities, using Swithin Meadows as the exemplar — firstly, because he did not fall into the Johnsonian trap as Dr Lucas did; and secondly because these issues are deeply relevant to us and our patients today.

I first met Dr. Meadows in 1962 in Dunedin when he and Mr Douglas Northfield (the neurosurgeon) toured the main medical centres in New Zealand, and finally led a 2 day course on neurology in Auckland. His physical presence, his wisdom, his warmth and geniality, and his integrity made a profound impression, which was consolidated when, the following year, I came …


The effect of salinity on larval settlement of the polyhaline estuarine barnacle ZWanuj g^umgw^ (Gould) was investigated by challenging laboratory reared cyprids to settle (permanently attach and metamorphose) under a number of permutations of salinity and adult extract (settlement factor). When cyprids were exposed to an array of salinities ranging from 2 to 35 ppt in the presence of conspecific extract adsorbed to slate panels, maximum settlement occurred at salinities of 15 and 20 ppt. In the absence of adult extract, few larvae settled at any salinity. No differences in settlement frequencies across the array of test salinities were observed between replicate aliquots within a cyprid batch, but significant differences in settlement were observed between batches of cyprids. When settlement of newly molted cyprids was contrasted with that of cyprids forced to postpone metamorphosis, settlement peaked at 20 and 15 ppt salinity, respectively, and overall settlement levels of the "delayed" cohort increased. B. g6zw?;f%r cyprids settled significantly more frequently on substrata adsorbed with conspecifc extract than on substrata adsorbed with extract from Zf. f/MproviHw (Darwin) or #. jwWWwLf (Henry), but settlement on these latter two treatments did not differ. Although post-settlement processes cannot be overlooked, our results indicate that larval behavior at settlement could play a substantial role in determining adult distribution of B. eAwmewj along the estuarine salinity gradient. Contrasting settlement patterns of B. e6wmeuj with those obtained previously for mesohaline 8. //M/wevmw and oligohaline #. fw6a/6;Wwj indicates that settlement behavior of the former two species could be influential in structuring their distribution, whereas pre-settlement behavior could be a determining factor in Z). W%z/Ww.r distribution. Afy uw(& Adult extract; Ba/aMWJ eAwmfw.?; Barnacle; Estuary; Settlement; Salinity * Corresponding author 0022-09XI/94/S7.00 (


Series Foreword Preface Chronology 1. Land, People, History 2. Urban and Rural Developments 3. Family, Marriage, and Education 4. Thought and Religion 5. Languages, Folklore, and Literature 6. Food, Drinks, and Fashion 7. Cinema and Performing Arts 8. Visual Arts and Crafts 9. Sport, Leisure, Festivals Glossary Bibliography


For obvious reasons, geophysicists, oceanographers and planetary physicists use a coordinate system that rotates with the planet: the co-rotating frame . To describe the medium (the ocean, the atmosphere or the magma in the Earth's interior), they have to use the equations outlined in the preceding section. In many applications, the vorticity of the fluid or gas plays an important role. Since we have transformed the velocities to the co-rotating frame, something analogous must be done for the definition of the vorticity, and the associated equation of motion. This will lead to the definition of the absolute vorticity , whose definition includes a contribution from the swirling motions in the rotating frame as well as a contribution from the planetary rotation.


ABSTRACT Military personnel experience stressors during deployment that could take a toll on their psychological well-being and on the organization's function. One common approach to better understanding the impact of such stressors is measuring events using psychological scales. The current research examined items measuring potentially morally injurious experiences in post-deployment assessments of personnel involved in the Afghanistan mission using the United States Mental Health Advisory Team – Combat Experiences Scale (MHAT-CES). Study 1 found that the scale produced five components. Three components showed consistency with past studies that examined the structure of other versions of the CES (i.e., dangerous environments, exposure to dead and injured and active combat). A fourth component that we labeled life threats included items that were typically divided between the aforementioned components. Finally, a stable and reliable fifth component included items related to potentially morally injurious experiences. Study 2 replicated this structure and showed that increased perceptions of potentially morally injurious experiences during deployment were associated with higher levels of psychological distress, which in turn promoted stronger turnover intentions, even after controlling for the effects of the other combat stressor components on these variables. We discuss the implications of potentially morally injurious experiences in relation to individual psychological distress and organizational retention.


The retirement is announced from his post as Senior "Surgeon to the Cancer Hospital, Fulham Road, of Mr. Frederick Bowreman Jessett, F.R.C.S. Mr. Jessett must surely be the doyen of the active members of London hospital staffs, but no one who has seen him operate would guess the full tale of years he has been in harness. For Mr. Jessett wa3 already qualified before the Medical Council was entrusted with the compilation of tne first Medical Register. His published works include many contributions to the literature of cancer, and he has been President of the British Gynaecological Society.


Magnificently bound in a small octavo format, the inventory of the estate of the Italian painter Giacinto Calandrucci (1646–1707) is unique not only because of its private nature and function; it also constitutes an incredibly rich source of information about artists and collectors in 18th‐century Rome, describing over 2,000 works of art in the Calandrucci family collection. The essay investigates the context in which this rare document (ca. 1737) was created and used, and develops how it illustrates, along with extant drawings by Giacinto, particular aspects of his studio practice. In addition the essay introduces overlooked works of the painter's nephew and heir, Giovanni Battista Calandrucci (before 1694–after 1737).


To prepare Formulation, evaluation and optimization oro-dispersible tablet of containing Metformin hydrochloride, achieve rapid onset of action due to drug release within short period of time and achieve rapid onset of action due to drug release within short period of time. Attempting to prepare oro-dispersible tablet of Metformin HCl which provide convenience of tablet formulation and allowing easy swallowing as of liquid formulation. It is the first-line drug of choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, in particular, in overweight and obese people and those with normal kidney function and having bioavailability 50-60 %. Provides quick onset of action due to rapid dissolution which may improve bioavailability and Increase Patients Compliance. Easy to administer for geriatric, mentally retarded, psychiatric and neurodegerative patients and persons who have swallowing problem (dysphasia).


Transforming growth factor‐beta / bone morphogenetic protein (TGFβ/BMP) signaling has a gradient of effects on cell fate choice in the fetal mouse liver. The molecular mechanism to understand why adjacent cells develop into bile ducts or grow actively as hepatocytes in the ubiquitous presence of both TGFβ ligands and receptors has been unknown. We hypothesized that microRNAs (miRNAs) might play a role in cell fate decisions in the liver. miRNA profiling during late fetal development in the mouse identified miR‐23b cluster miRNAs comprising miR‐23b, miR‐27b, and miR‐24‐1 and miR‐10a, miR‐26a, and miR‐30a as up‐regulated. In situ hybridization of fetal liver at embryonic day 17.5 of gestation revealed miR‐23b cluster expression only in fetal hepatocytes. A complementary (c)DNA microarray approach was used to identify genes with a reciprocal expression pattern to that of miR‐23b cluster miRNAs. This approach identified Smads (mothers against decapentaplegic homolog), the key TGFβ signaling molecules, as putative miR‐23b cluster targets. Bioinformatic analysis identified multiple candidate target sites in the 3′ UTRs (untranslated regions) of Smads 3, 4, and 5. Dual luciferase reporter assays confirmed down‐regulation of constructs containing Smad 3, 4, or 5, 3′ UTRs by a mixture of miR‐23b cluster mimics. Knockdown of miR‐23b miRNAs during hepatocytic differentiation of a fetal liver stem cell line, HBC‐3, promoted expression of bile duct genes, in addition to Smads, in these cells. In contrast, ectopic expression of miR‐23b mimics during bile duct differentiation of HBC‐3 cells blocked the process. Conclusion: Our data provide a model in which miR‐23b miRNAs repress bile duct gene expression in fetal hepatocytes while promoting their growth by down‐regulating Smads and consequently TGFβ signaling. Concomitantly, low levels of the miR‐23b miRNAs are needed in cholangiocytes to allow TGFβ signaling and bile duct formation. (HEPATOLOGY 2009.)


The utility model relates to a self-operated pressure regulating valve, which comprises a valve body, a valve base, a valve rod, a valve cover, a valve core, a spring and a membrane pressure isolation component, the upper membrane cavity of the membrane pressure isolation component is connected with the valve outlet channel through the guiding press pipe, the upper surface of the membrane is provided with a pressure adjusting spring, the lower surface is connected with the valve rod, the external side of the valve cover is provided with a pressure balancing device, the pressure balancing device is a pressure balancing cavity provided between the back of the valve core and the valve rod, the pressure balancing cavity is connected with the inlet channel through the guiding press hole, the utility model imports the medium pressure into the back of the valve core too make a pressure balance between the upper and the lower part of the valve core. The utility model has advantages of high allowable differential pressure, good adjustment sensitivity and is applicable to the venting valve for non-corrosion medium of gas and liquid.


This thesis is a case study of the Swedish Rehabilitation Reform of 1992. Vocational rehabilitation is described as an organizational activity which takes place in the interaction between social po ...


The present invention relates to the mechanical part of a continuous collagen casings telescopically, and particularly to a set of faint. Faint present invention comprises a housing sleeve, and the sleeve eccentric rotation head condensed ring; between the eccentric rotary head is rotatably connected with the housing; the housing has an axial circular through hole, said circular through hole and the eccentric rotation axis not in the same plane as the first axis, and the angle is between 32-34 degrees; the eccentric rotation of the head is provided with a radially central circular cavity; ring telescopically disposed in the circular cavity, telescopically ring outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the circular cavity. The present invention is of simple structure, high efficiency; constrictor ring and sleeve in a circular cavity eccentric rotation of the head space of a certain degree of elastic movement, telescopically process does not over stress damage because casings, improve production quality.


The invention provides a service data transmission method, a service data transmission device, control equipment and a communication system. The service data transmission method comprises the steps of receiving a user adhesion request which is transmitted from a base station; selecting data transfer equipment from a plurality of sets of data transfer equipment according to the user adhesion request; performing interaction with the selected transfer equipment and the base station, and performing transmission of uplink and downlink service data between a network and user equipment. The service data transmission method, the service data transmission device, the control equipment and the communication system have advantages of selecting the data transfer equipment which satisfies the user adhesion request, realizing direct interaction with the selected data transfer equipment and the base station, reducing signaling interaction and saving signaling processing time.


Multi-value attribute has always been a difficult problem to deal with in machine learning. Most models are unique for data format matching. When it is multi-value, most models cannot be used directly. At the same time, a large number of multi-valued attributes will be encountered in the construction of medical model. These attributes often represent that patients have multiple symptoms.. The processing methods of multivalued attributes can be roughly divided into two categories, one is through data preprocessing, the other is through algorithm pattern matching. The solution to medical multi-valued attributes in this paper is mainly through preprocessing, from the perspective of multi-valued attribute representation and projection. The process is to use sparse matrix to represent multivalued data, convert it to high-dimensional space, and then project it back to one dimension to complete the processing of such data.


The Convention on the Rights of the Child states: "By law and other means the child must be provided with social protection and given opportunities and favorable conditions that will enable him to develop physically, mentally, and spiritually and in a way that is socially healthy and normal, and under conditions of freedom and dignity."


Integral equations which form the basis of ''A General Theory for the Scattering of Sound by Sound'' [H. C. Woodsum and P. J. Westervelt, J. Sound Vib. 76(2), 179–186 (1981)] have been solved in several useful limits. In the case of the parametric array, the theory is shown to reduce in the appropriate limit to the models of Blue as well as Berktay and Leahy, as corrected by Mellen and Moffett [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 60, 581–583 (1976)]. In the case of intersecting sound beams, the theory is shown to agree with predictions by Westervelt, as well as recent experimental results on the nonscattering of sound by sound [R. Roy and J. Wu, in Proceedings of the 13th International Symposium on Nonlinear Acoustics, edited by H. Hobaek (Elsevier Science, London, 1993)]. A by‐product of the theory is a useful parametric array model for arbitrary primary field geometries; numerical results are presented which are compared to the computer model of Mellen and Moffett.


AIM: To evaluate the use of alginate scaffold with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) in a rat acute hepatic failure model.METHODS: BMSCs were labeled with chloro-methylbenzamido dialkylcarbocyanine(CM-DiI),cultured in alginate scaffold and transplanted into the liver of acute hepatic failure rats with 70% liver resection.Four weeks later,the scaffold-cell complexes were taken out,and their abilities to secret albumin(ALB) and store glycogen were examined.The survival rate and liver functions of the rats were also examined.RESULTS: CM-DiI was an effective cell tracer.The BMSCs in alginate scaffold secreted ALB and stored glycogen in acute hepatic failure rats.The survival rate and liver functions of the rats treated with scaffold-cell complexes were better than those of the rats treated with alginate alone.CONCLUSION: Alginate scaffold with BMSCs can be used as artificial hepatic tissues in acute hepatic failure rats.


Aiming at the determination of slope stability safety factor of high slope rock-fill embankment being key problem of design,based on the concrete practice,the stability safety factor of high slope rock-fill embankment was determined using Bishop method,and it pointed out that Bishop method is simple in rock-fill embankment slope stability analysis,and should be extended and used.


The report presents the results of the study of the chemical composition of nettle herb, 40%, 70% extracts, and extracts of polyphenolic complexes (PPC). Nettle herb were collected by the authors in June-July 2007–2020 in the territories of Tomsk, Kemerovo, Kursk, Novosibirsk, Moscow, Kirov, Tver regions, Altai and Krasnoyarsk Krai; Altai Republic. Extracts, polyphenolic and polysaccharide complexes were obtained from the herb. The studies was conducted using PC, TLC, UV-spectroscopy, HPLC, titrimetry, neutron activation. Reverse-phase HPLC were carried out on a chromatograph «Dionex Ultimate 3000» with UV-detector in the wave length range from 254 to 330 nm. Separation was performed by a column with reversed-phase sorbent «Restek Pinnacle IIC18» (150×4.6 mm, particle size 5 µm), flow rate of mobile phase is 1 ml/min; temperature is 20 °C, mobile phase (50 ml of acetonitrile, 50 ml of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid) were carried out on. The study showed that nettle herb, 40%, 70% extracts and PPC contain phenolic compounds: phenolcarbonic acids, flavonoids, catechins, tannins; vitamin C and pigments. Baicalein, chrysoeriol, scutellarin identified for the first time. One of the dominant groups is hydroxycinnamic acids. The composition of flavonoids, phenolic carboxylic acids, catechins, hydroxycinnamic acids, including chlorogenic acid, chlorophyll, the sum of phenolic compounds, catechins are similar in 70% extract and its PPC. Additional information was obtained on the elements contained in nettle herb and its extracts.


This Master Thesis is a case study to evaluate the effects of temporary emission reductions on air quality under different meteorological conditions. Four cases of the area surrounding Beijing are simulated using a 3-D regional chemical transport model (WRF-Chem) and a meta-comparison is performed considering PM2.5 as exemplary
chemical species. Two cases reflecting real conditions of meteorology, trace gases and aerosols are simulated to match with corresponding observations of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and meteorological conditions. Those are then compared to another two hypothetical cases with increased/reduced emissions from the same time and location. A meta-comparison then shows the impact of meteorological conditions
that are favourable or unfavourable to reduced air pollution on the efficiency of emission-control measurements.


This investigation explored the relationships between individuals' self-images and their interactions with their digital music collections via the commercially predominant program iTunes. Sixty-nine university students completed an internet-based Musical Self-Images Questionnaire (MSIQ) along with a series of questions concerning their iTunes collections. The majority of participants were highly engaged with music, regardless of their varied musical backgrounds. Factor analysis of the MSIQ data revealed two distinct self-image groups, which we label as 'musical practitioner' (linking 'overall musician', 'performer', 'composer', 'teacher', and 'listener') and 'music consumer' (linking 'listener', 'fan', and 'technology user'). Participants used an average of seven attributes to categorize their music, and most consistently used one in particular to sort their collections. Those who rated themselves as higher level performers and fans used the playlist function (which involves compiling sequences of selected tracks) more often than those with lower self-ratings on those scales.


Halogen (iodide, I−) added aqueous electrolyte facilitates the capacitive behaviour of biomass derived activated carbon based electric double layer capacitors. To produce economically viable electrodes in large scale for supercapacitors (SCs), the activated carbons (ACs) prepared from Eichhornia crassipes (common water hyacinth) by ZnCl2 activation. The prepared ACs were characterized by XRD, Raman, FT-IR and surface area, pore size and pore volume analysis. The electrochemical properties of the SCs were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cycling stability. The 3I−/I3−, 2I−/ I2, 2I3−/3I2 and I2/IO3− pairs produce redox peaks in CV and a large Faradaic plateau in charge–discharge curves. Similarly, I− ions improves the good ionic conductivity (lower charge transfer resistance) at the electrode/electrolyte interface which was identified through EIS studies. The calculated specific capacitance and energy density was 472 F g−1 and 9.5 W h kg−1 in aqueous solution of 1 M H2SO4. Interestingly, nearly two-fold improved specific capacitance and energy density of 912 F g−1 and 19.04 W h kg−1 were achieved when 0.08 M KI was added in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte with excellent cycle stability over 4000 cycles. Subsequently, this improved specific capacitance and energy density was compared with 0.08 M KBr added to 1 M H2SO4 (572 F g−1, 11.6 W h kg−1) and 0.08 M KI added to 1 M Na2SO4 (604 F g−1, 12.3 W h kg−1) as electrolytes.


Experiments were undertaken to test the hypothesis that 5-azacytidine (AZA) treatment might make the glucocorticoid-resistant line of the mouse P1798 lymphosarcoma sensitive to cortisol. A modest (30%), though significant, effect in making cells cortisol sensitive was observed. Moreover, AZA enhanced tumor growth inhibition by cortisol in the corresponding sensitive line. The AZA alone was cytostatic, but it had no effect on DNA synthesis. The drug did not alter cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor levels or affinity, but nuclear levels were increased in the sensitive tumor. Results suggest that glucocorticoid resistance may be partially reversible and that the effect of AZA may be at the gene-expression level.


Background: The use of light-based home-use hair removal devices has seen a significant increase in the last decade all over the world. Home-based devices would be especially more relevant in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, with patients having less access to laser hair removal in clinics. This survey attempted to evaluate the practices-related use of light-based home-use hair removal devices in our region and also to assess patient satisfaction related to the same. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey using an electronic questionnaire. Results: Out of a total of 111 valid responses, 39 had used light-based home-use hair removal devices. The most common type used was intense pulse light-based devices. On a scale of 1–10, the average satisfaction with the product for hair removal was 6.07. Incidence of side effects was very low (only 4 out of 39 mentioned side effects), and the most common side effects mentioned were redness, "bumps," burns, and discoloration on the lased sites. Conclusions: The frequency of use of light-based home hair removal devices is quite high in our region. Patients seem to be satisfied with the same, and the incidence of side effects is low in our population.


The fourth-order three-point boundary value problems with p-Laplacian (φ_p(u″(t)))″=f(t,u(t),u″(t)),t∈u(0)-ξu(1)=0,u′(1)-ηu′(0)=0,u″(0)-au″(δ)=0,u″(1)-bu″(δ)=0,is studied,where φ_p(s)=sp-2s,p1,0ξ,η1,0a,b1,0δ1,f∈C(×R2,R).The existence of iterative solutions is obtained by monotone iterative technique.


An active noise control system was investigated to control noise at its source. Much of the previous work on active noise attenuators employed cancellation of sound with sound. In the present work, the radiated acoustic energy was attenuated by counter exciting the radiating surfaces. Appropriate counter excitation was achieved by using an adaptive control mechanism consisting of a feedback control circuit, sensors and exciters. Separate control systems for attenuation of steady‐state and random noise sources are described. Active noise control was also applied to increase the transmission loss of panels, particularly at low frequencies which requires only a modest amount of counter‐excitation energy. Feasibility of these systems are described through theoretical development of the models and experimental results. [Work supported partially by Bendix Advanced Technology Center.


In order to discuss the ore-forming material sources of the Dongzhongla Pb-Zn deposits and study the metallogenic mechanism,we analyzed the sulfur and lead isotope from the orebody,discussed the changing regularity and significance.The results show that the δ34S values of the six metal sulfides vary from 2.2‰ to 4.8‰,and that the sulfur isotope composition is stable.The temperatures calculated from sulfide-paras show that the deposits are the middle-low temperature deposits.The 206Pb/204Pb,207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb ratios of 6 sulfide samples of orebody vary in ranges of 18.628 0-18.629 6,15.698-15.699 9,39.0775-39.082 4,with the average values of 18.628 7,15.699 02 and 39.079 37,respectively.The results of sulfur and lead isotope show that the ore-forming materials of Dongzhongla Pb-Zn deposits came from the Permian volcanic sedimentary rock and late Yanshan period granite.


When observing the approach of a wave at the beach, we should know there will be no power that can stop it – except, maybe, a cataclysm of great proportions. So it has been whitht the Brazilian Journal of Development Braz. J. of Develop., Curitiba, v. 4, n. 7, Edição Especial, p. 4209-4218, nov. 2018. ISSN 2525-8761 4210 technological innovations, influencing our lives in geometrical progression. This is te case of the so called "Internet of Things" (IoT). Through the internet, the communication among people has expanded, with gadgets and machines which, progressively, have also started to communicate with the individuals. What happens now is the advance of the machines and gadgets (things) among themselves. It has already been observed, when refrigerators, glasses, elevators and cars are presented connected: there are houses and cars totally integrated to this technology, regulating the lighting and the air conditioning of the places, from sensors that are sensitive to humanpresence, or those who notify the cell phone of the owner, or the authorities, of possible invasions or fires. In the futur (but not in a distant future, because are forecasts that it will happen until 2.020), most things will be connected among themselves, with a shocking result in the day bay day of people and companies. The cities, which are bigger and bigger and with difficulties in administration, must think about their planning inthe terms of IoT,processing, for example, the number of vehicles in which they float (and where), which are the kinds and patients that are helped in the medical services, the necessities of a bigger security in determined places, etc. In other words, soon urban planning and public politics will be unthinkable whithout IoT.


The success rate for information technology (IT) projects continues to be low. With an increasing number of IT projects in developing countries such as China, it is important to understand the risks they are experiencing on IT projects. To date, there has been little research documenting Asian perceptions of IT project risk. In this research, we examine the risks identified by Chinese senior executives (SEs) and project managers (PMs), and compare these two groups. The importance of top management support in IT projects is well documented. Prior research has shown that from the perspective of IT PMs, lack of support from SEs is the number one risk in IT projects. Surprisingly, senior executives' perceptions towards IT project risk have never been systematically examined. One reason why lack of support from senior executives continues to represent a major risk may be that senior executives themselves do not realize the critical role that they can play in helping to deliver successful projects. In this study, we use the Delphi method to compare the risk perceptions of senior executives and project managers. By comparing risk factors selected by each group, zones of concordance and discordance are identified. In terms of perceived importance ascribed to risk factors, PMs tend to focus on lower‐level risks with particular emphasis on risks associated with requirements and user involvement, whereas SEs tend to focus on higher‐level risks such as those risks involving politics, organization structure, process, and culture. Finally, approaches for dealing with risk factors that are seen as important by both SEs and PMs are provided.


ARTHUR has obtained part of his genera from new material and part by splitting up old genera, basing the new genera largely upon their possession of one or more of the 0, I, II, III stages characteristic of the rusts. His familiarity with the rusts is such that he is able apparently, if given only the II stage, to tell what other stages it possesses, and so can place it in a genus. Judging from this past tendency to publish new species under the old recognized genera, a tendency he has not yet entirely lost, I expressed doubt to the late Professor UNDERWOOD, editor of the Flora, that ARTHUR would follow his Vienna paper in his treatment of the North American Uredinales. As he did follow it, however, I promptly received from UNDERWOOD the following: "Some time ago you charged that ARTHUR was not possessed of the courage of his convictions in regard to his publication of genera in the Uredinales. I commend to your prayerful attention the second part of Vol. VII of North American flora, issued March 6, and move that it is time to have a retraction of that charge." I herewith publicly make that retraction; but what will become of this nomenclature when some ambitious name-j uggler revises our rusts fifty years hence, or possibly even after the next botanical congress !-G. P. CLINTON.


Background: The care of older adults with complex medical conditions requires effective team-based care. Problem: Nursing and social work students need a curriculum that provides them with immersive experiences in geriatrics to prepare them for competent practice. Approach: This Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Program supported 5 advanced practice nursing (APN) and 5 master of social work (MSW) student fellows in a 2-semester program, with 3 cohorts completing the fellowship over 3 years (N = 30). Outcomes: By the completion of the fellowship, students had (1) demonstrated increased knowledge of age-related changes and health problems experienced by older adults, (2) developed clinical competencies in providing patient-centered health care for older adults, and (3) assessed the fellowship as helpful in preparing for interprofessional team care. Conclusions: An interprofessional gerontology fellowship for APN and MSW students can develop knowledge and skills in team-based care for older adults. Recommendations for creating a fellowship curriculum are provided.


Depression is a kind of common mental disease, which seriously affects humans' physical and mental health. It is mainly induced by biological, environmental, psychological and genetic factors. The gene that regulates depression is TPH2. The gene encodes the protein in the causation of 5-HT biosynthesis, which has been shown to regulate anxiety, depression and other emotions. A new study recently found that small RNA (miR-RNA) also plays an important role in regulating depression. Among the many animal models, the mouse model was selected for the study of depression. Experiments have been performed in mouse models, and the results showed that serotonin deficiency caused depression-like behavior in mice that were naturally serotonin deficient, while mice with the TPH2 deletion continued to exhibit depression-like behavior. In addition, over-expression and knockout of miR-323 in the mouse brain also led to increases and decreases in depression behaviors in mouse. In the mouse model, the TPH2 gene and 5-HT can be regulated by gene therapy, but these methods can only be used in the mouse model, and there is still no direct treatment for depression by CRISPR technology. We hope to be able to apply these methods to the treatment of human depression in the future.


The present invention relates to a method for producing a novel tiotropium salts, these new tiotropium salts themselves, for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical formulation and the drug containing the new tiotropium salts. .BACKGROUND


summary
The effects of flavonoid compounds on VA mycorrhiza root colonization and growth of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) plants under growth chamber conditions are reported. The isoflavonoids, formononetin and biochanin A, previously identified from clover roots, stimulated colonization and growth of clover, while several other flavonoid compounds were inactive when tested at concentrations of 5 mg 1−1. The flavone, chrysin, when applied at concentrations higher than those tested for formononetin and biochanin A, also increased root colonization and plant growth. The stimulatory effects of the isoflavonoids on plant growth were mediated by VA mycorrhizal fungi and were dependent on concentration, period of growth and soil spore density. Maximum responses were found when 5 mg 1−1 solutions were applied to soil containing 2 to 4 VA mycorrhiza spores g−1 of soil. These results may provide insights on the molecular mechanisms of host-fungus interaction and for the development of technology to exploit the potential of the indigenous VA mycorrhizal fungi in field soil.


A hydraulic system for construction equipment having a float function is provided, which can perform ground leveling as making a boom descend due to its own weight without using hydraulic fluid that is discharged from a hydraulic pump. The hydraulic system for construction equipment having a float function includes first and second hydraulic pumps and a pilot pump, an operation lever, a float function switch which selects a float function, a main control valve installed in a discharge flow path of the first and second hydraulic pumps and including a boom spool controlling a start, step, and direction change of the boom cylinders, a solenoid valve shifted when the float function switch is turned on, a float valve installed in a flow path between the boom spool and the boom cylinders and shifted by pilot signal pressure to return the hydraulic fluid to a hydraulic tank, and a holding logic poppet mounted in the float valve to prevent an abrupt descending of the boom due to leakage of the hydraulic fluid through a flow path between the main control valve and the float valve during the operation of the boom cylinders.


A correct determination of voltage losses is crucial for the development of organic solar cells (OSCs) with improved performance. This requires an in-depth understanding of the properties of interfacial charge transfer (CT) states, which not only set the upper limit for the open-circuit voltage of a system, but also govern radiative and non-radiative recombination processes. Over the last decade, different approaches have emerged to classify voltage losses in OSCs that rely on a generic detailed balance approach or additionally include CT state parameters that are specific to OSCs. In the latter case, a correct determination of CT state properties is paramount. In this work, we summarize the different frameworks used today to calculate voltage losses and provide an in-depth discussion of the currently most important models used to characterize CT state properties from absorption and emission data of organic thin films and solar cells. We also address practical concerns during the data recording, analysis, and fitting process. Departing from the classical two-state Marcus theory approach, we discuss the importance of quantized molecular vibrations and energetic hybridization effects in organic donor-acceptor systems with the goal to providing the reader with a detailed understanding of when each model is most appropriate.


In ionic polymerisation chain-growth proceeds through an active charged end group, involving either a negative charge, anionic polymerisation, or a positive charge, cationic polymerisation. Inevitably anionic polymerisation is limited to monomers possessing an electron-withdrawing group, whereas cationic polymerisation necessitates the monomers to have electrondonating substituents. The advantage of ionic polymerisation over radical polymerisation is the higher control over the parameters of dispersity and molecular weight. The main drawback of ionic polymerisation is its high sensitivity to impurities in the solvents and starting materials and high variation response to even small changes in processing parameters. Indeed, the concentration of the different charged species and the degree of the ion pairing will affect intrinsic stability and reactivity of the polymerising intermediates, which are impacted upon by the reaction conditions but principally by the polarity of the reaction medium. In general loose ion pairs will be much more reactive than contact ion pairs. However, the further


A polyimide film, which is produced from polyamide acid prepared through the reaction of p-phenylenebis(trimellitic acid monoester anhydride), oxydiphthalic acid dianhydride, p-phenylenediamine, and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylether in an organic Solvent, and which has a high elastic modulus, a high elongation, a low coefficient of linear expansion which is not quite different from that of copper, and a low coeffi cient of hygroscopic expansion.


Visual experiences occurring during meditation are central to many different religious, contemplative, and esoteric traditions. This is also true for anthroposophy. In Rudolf Steiner's work, meditative visual experiences, or 'imaginations' as they are often called, are understood as potential perceptions of a concrete spiritual reality. Hence imaginations form the bedrock of the anthroposophic project of cultural renewal based on spiritual perception. The imaginative consciousness is, however, many-faceted, and sometimes Steiner's descriptions of it can be confusing and contradictory. This article gives an outline of a systematic account of the phenomenology of the imaginative consciousness in Steiner. It traces the development of the term, presents its different aspects, and tries to resolve some conflicting statements by introducing three different areas of imagination: sensory imagination, imagination in the in-between area, and supersensible imagination. This introduction lays the ground for a further systematic treatment of the concept of imagination in Steiner. Click here for a bilingual PDF version of the text.


XMT-1660 is a novel Dolasynthen-based antibody drug conjugate carrying a DolaLock payload with controlled bystander effect and targeting B7-H4, a tumor antigen that is broadly expressed on the cell surface in breast, ovarian and endometrial cancers. B7-H4 (VTCN1) exerts immunosuppressive effects by suppression of T cell proliferation and is expressed on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) as well as epithelial tumor cells. XMT-1660 is comprised of an anti-B7-H4 antibody site-specifically conjugated to Dolasynthen, with a total of 6 DolaLock Auristatin F-HPA (AF-HPA) anti-tubulin payloads per antibody (DAR-6). To select the optimal ADC, three ADCs using the same antibody and DolaLock payload were compared: site-specific Dolasynthen-based DAR-2 and DAR-6 ADCs, and a stochastically conjugated Dolaflexin-based DAR-12 ADC. In vitro, no significant differences were observed among the 3 ADCs: all exhibited specific recognition of B7-H4 and elicited potent cytotoxicity against B7-H4-expressing cancer cells. In vivo, XMT-1660 consistently exhibited more anti-tumor activity than the other ADCs in TNBC models and ER+/HER2- models after single, equivalent doses based on payload. XMT-1660 demonstrated dose-dependent anti-tumor activity and induced sustained tumor regressions after a single administration. XMT-1660 and the Dolasynthen DAR-2 ADC both exhibited improved pharmacokinetics in mouse relative to the Dolaflexin DAR 12 ADC. These data indicate that XMT-1660 exhibited a superior preclinical profile to the other ADCs and more generally demonstrate the importance of DAR-ranging studies to identify the optimal antibody-drug conjugate for a given target. These results, as well as results from exploratory toxicology studies in non-human primates, strongly support the clinical development of XMT-1660. Citation Format: Shawn P. Fessler, Jason Wang, Scott D. Collins, LiuLiang Qin, Kenneth Avocetien, Ling Xu, Ronald Eydelloth, Steven Vonderfecht, Chen-Ni Chin, Steven Bradley, Susan Clardy, Anouk Dirksen, Elizabeth Ditty, Bingfan Du, Dokyong Kim, Rebecca Mosher, Elena Ter-Ovanesyen, Kelly Slocum, Alex Uttard, Phonphimon Wongthida, Jeffrey Zurita, Dorin Toader, Marc Damelin, Timothy B. Lowinger. XMT-1660, a B7-H4-targeted Dolasynthen antibody-drug conjugate for the treatment of breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 907.


In this chapter, I interrogate the narratives of NGO employees who attended performances of "Land of Smiles" to understand their liberatory outcomes. Focusing on five criteria from liberation psychology, I suggest that in order to have a liberatory effect, a project must be: Proactive (i.e., engaging ways of building shared understanding of history and social context in a community environment that will witness past events in order to prevent future violence and exclusion); Rupturing (i.e., disrupting dominant, hegemonic narratives); Dialogical (i.e., inspiring communication between individuals or groups); Consciousness-raising (i.e., generating new insights about one's personal and social role in society); and Performative (i.e., communicating through a performance medium such a theater, dance, music, film, etc). Based on this criteria, I analyze the NGO narratives to understand how, after viewing the performances, these participants began to move from being passive bystanders to active witnesses.


For effective construction project management, the integrated construction data operation is an essential element. Several previous researches tried to develop integrated systems, but those systems needed work process innovation as a precondition. However, those previous systems required radical changes in construction work process and scope, which does not seem to work in actual construction system. Considering the necessity of the integrated system and the problems of previous studies, this study developed the concept of the growing construction object(GroCO) which is based on the work scope and its related data in each construction phase. Through the concept of the GroCO, the integrated data model for each construction phase was developed and the application method was proposed.


In the case of the Cretan Late Antique/Early Byzantine landscape, the dichotomy between change and resilience could be easily defined in terms of changing relationships between long-term local micro-ecology and medium-term Mediterranean macro-economy. The former is to be understood as a long-lasting relationship between a single city and its surrounding territory (i.e., a factor of resilience); the latter as the sum of the changing relationships between the same city and the wide variety of economic, political, administrative, and military systems that connected cities, provinces, and regions across the Mediterranean. The specific case of Crete is of great interest in this respect, because a major event in local history—the huge earthquake of A.D. 365—chronologically coincides with the shifting of many macro-economies from a Rome-centered system to a Constantinople-centered system. The "rebirth" of Cretan cities after the devastating earthquake—mainly the provincial capital, Gortyn, but also in other case studies—appears to be directly related to the role that the Byzantine imperial administration assigned to Crete as a substantial component of the 'island backbone' of the Mediterranean. This new, and closer, macro-economic relationship between Crete and the Early Byzantine empire made the island and its cities very sensitive to the changes in the political and economic scenario. The vain economic effort made by the Empire to regain the West, and the shifting of the imperial center of gravity toward the East after the Arab conquests, created the conditions for a deep change in the local micro-ecology, determining the decline of cities and the creation of a new "city-less" Cretan landscape.


T HE ENVIRONMENTAL AND public health legacy left by more than 40 years of communism in Central and Eastern Europe is well known around the world. The National Institute of Public Health in Hungary estimates that illness traceable to environmental pollution consumes more than 13 percent of the country's health budget. (OECD, 1991) At least one in every 17 Hungarians dies from environmental-induced illnesses. (Painton, 1990) Since 1975, the incidence of bronchitis in the country has increased by 250 percent and asthmatic illnesses by 500 percent. Other Central European countries suffer similar and in many cases more severe environmental problems. Rivers, such as the Vistula in Poland, are too polluted even for industrial use, entire regions have air pollution problems worse than in the most polluted U.S. cities, forests are decaying from acid rain, large portions of agricultural land are unusable, and the countries of the region suffer from low life expectancies and high infant mortality. (French, 1990) The full extent of environmental and public health degradation in the region has yet to be quantified; however, the costs of both environmental remediation and infrastructure to prevent future pollution in the region could range in the hundreds of billionsof dollars. To assist the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in setting environmental standards and priorities for environmental restoration and infrastructure, the United States, as part of its bilateral assistance efforts, has exported the questionable technique of risk assessment to the region. While risk assessment has been under fire from labor and environmental activists in the United States for years due to its inherent limitations and use to legitimize the activities which are hazardous to communities, workers, and the environment, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has sold the region on its merits and uses. Risk assessment is being used in the region to justify new investments in pollution control technologies and a continuation of hazardous activities with environmental and public health impacts. It forms part of an ideology based on free trade and economic growth that the U.S. and other Western countries are trying to export to the region. Following a brief history of the development of risk assessment activities in Central and Eastern Europe and a description of current EPA projects, this paper explores the problems associated with the export


Poikiloderma is a relatively rare skin disorder of unknown etiology. Typical features of the affection are atrophy of the skin and the striated muscles. I t was first described by Wagner in 1863. The skin changes involve teleangiectasis, pigmentation and sharp-edged ulcerations. The eye symptoms presented by this disease have been described by many authors. I n 1923, Oppenheim reported paresis of the eye muscle, iritis and uveitis; Wagner 1863, and Marinescu et al. 1951, nystagmus; Heyn 1924, exophthalmus; Bruse 1938, Lisman 1947, and de Vries 1951, retinitis; and Sament and Klugman 1957, edema and retinal pigmentation. As we have encountered no mention of glaucoma in the literature on poikilodenna this case in which difficult secondary glaucoma was associated with massive retinal hemorrhages may be of a certain interest.


Objectives: Cytogenetic and molecular studies indicate that the development and progression of bladder cancer involves multiple and complex genetic events. We screened 39 primary Ta and T1 transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder for numerical changes of chromosome 8 and for the presence of relative allelic loss at 8p. The results were compared with the histopathologic stage and grade and with tumour recurrence.Methods: Thirty–nine paraffin–embedded transurethral resection specimens containing bladder cancer were examined by interphase cytogenetics with a probe specific for chromosome 8. DNA from tumour cells and normal tissue was prepared after microdissection. Allelic loss was assessed by PCR–based microsatellite analysis.Results: Numerical aberrations of chromosome 8 were present in 20 of the 39 cases (51.3%) and were significantly associated with a higher tumour grade and stage. Ten cases (25.6%) displayed allelic losses at 8p. Sixteen patients (41%) suffered from tumour recurrence, but Kaplan–Meier analysis and the log–rank test did not show any statistically significant correlation between tumour grade, stage, numerical aberrations of chromosome 8, allelic losses of 8p and freedom from disease recurrence.Conclusions: In this group of patients with non–muscle–invasive bladder cancers, numerical and structural aberrations at chromosome 8 are associated with a higher tumour grade and stage, but not with tumour recurrence.


Marketing decision-making in SMEs tends to be simplistic, haphazard, unstructured, intuitive, unplanned, and with a short-tem1 focus. Moreover, decision-making in the small fiffi1 is strongly influenced and characterised by the inherent competencies of the ownermanager. Thus, an identification of these competencies are crucial in any study of SME marketing decision making, given the dominant role and influence of the owner-manager in this area. The aim of this paper, therefore, is to examine the key competencies in small firm marketing management decision making over time. These have been identified as knowledge, experience, communication, judgment, and networking. There are also "situation specific" competencies, which are specific to a particular owner-manager at a particular time. These vary in importance and relevance from company to company and over the time period under investigation. Another key aspect of this paper is to examine how competencies develop or evolve over time. A number of learning typologies are presented and discussed in relation to this.


The sorption of xenobitic organic solutes by organic and inorganic colloids can greatly alter their degradation kinetics. Kinetic descriptions of the effects of sorption on biodegradation of organic solutes have typically been based on two distinct and conflicting models. One approach assigns the rate limiting step to the desorption reaction and then proceeds to model the entire process with a single degradation equation. This is tantamount to allowing the sorbate to change the biodegradation rate constant. The second model assumes that desorption is instantaneous. The degradation rate is controlled by the K[sub d] of the sorbate and the degradation rate constant is the same in the presence and absence of sorption. Both modeling approaches will fit most data sets equally well. Studies on naphthalene, pyridine, and 2-methyl pyridine will show that distinctions between these fundamentally different molecular hypotheses can only be made with knowledge of the solute concentrations in both the sorbate and solution phases.


Peanut is one of the main four oils crop in the world,and it is the important source of edible oil and protein in China.Peanut contains abundant function composition and has very high nutritive value.In order to satisfy the people's health need,the exploitation of peanut source in China should be paid much attention to,and the health food based on peanut should be developed.


This paper presents the results of studies of 18-pulse auto- and transformer-rectifier units used to obtain direct current on aircraft. A brief overview of existing rectifier systems and features of their work is provided. The basic mathematical equations and vector diagrams explaining the principle of the formation of a 9-phase rectifying system using an autotransformer-rectifier unit is presented. In addition, the results of computer simulation of an 18-pulse transformer rectifier unit are given and the main parameters are defined. A feature of the transformer is the use of amorphous alloy to reduce the specific no-load losses. Developed computer model makes it possible to determine the distribution of the saturation magnetic flux density along the magnetic core, to determine the voltage and currents flowing through the windings of the electrodes and the load, to determine the losses in the converter. The uses of such a computer model in the calculations of transformer-rectifier units helps speed up the design time, as well as determine the shape of the input and output signals.


[RAISED bogs are cushion-shaped accumulations of peat, formed mainly by the growth of Sphagnum moss. They are limited to regions with specific rainfall and evaporation conditions, and the bulk of the bog obtains no water other than that reaching it directly from the air. They are often found to have developed from a lake centre, which has become overgrown with fen peat, and then the acid Sphagnum peat has formed. Since the primary lakes are frequently of glacial origin, raised bogs have generally proved to be extremely satisfactory sources of long continuous profiles illustrative of postglacial forest and climatic history. They have been freely exploited by Scandinavian pollen analysts, and it was in search of similarly satisfactory bogs that Tregaron was visited in I936. Raised bogs are very rare in southern England and the Midlands, although they begin to be comparatively abundant on the Welsh border, in Shrop-


Abstract Chemical security has been a hot topic over several years, especially involving organophosphates (OP), which are related to organophosphorus chemical warfare and pesticides. The main challenges are to develop efficient ways to destroy stockpiles of these materials and also to monitor their presence in the field or food. A promising approach in this sense is the targeted design of catalysts that can react with OP and degrade them. Herein, we present a summary of some recent advances towards OP detoxification and monitoring that involves four different approaches: (i) How? Understanding the mechanism: thorough mechanistic elucidation and design of an ideal catalytic scaffold; (ii) Nanocatalysts and sensors: rational functionalization of carbon nanomaterials leading to nanocatalysts as powder and thin films. A surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor for OP was also obtained combining the functionalized material with silver nanoparticles; (iii) Catalysts from waste: reuse of rice husk waste as well as waste derived from the cheap gum arabic for developing biocatalysts that have high added-value and are environmentally friendly; (iv) A simple sensor: a simple, cheap and compact homemade colorimeter that can be used as a colorimetric sensor for detecting quantitatively various compounds, including pesticides.


In 1988 the Chinese policy of allowing couples to have a second child when the first is a girl was extended to rural areas throughout the country, except for the provinces of Sichuan and Jiangsu and the municipalities of Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin.


The analysis of entangled atomic ensembles and their application for interferometry beyond the standard quantum limit requires an accurate determination of the number of atoms. We present an accurate fluorescence detection technique for atoms that is fully integrated into an experimental apparatus for the production of many-particle entangled quantum states. Number-resolved fluorescence measurements with single-atom accuracy for 1 up to 30 atoms are presented. According to our noise analysis, we extrapolate that the single-atom accuracy extends to a limiting atom number of 390(20) atoms. We utilize the accurate atom number detection for a number stabilization of the laser-cooled atomic ensemble. For a target ensemble size of 7 atoms prepared on demand, we achieve a 92(2)% preparation fidelity and reach number fluctuations 18(1) dB below the shot noise level using real-time feedback on the magneto-optical trap.


Hybridization of cell cycle stage-specific polyribosomal RNA's to histone complementary DNA indicates that histone messenger RNA sequences are present on polyribosomes of Hela S3 cells only during the period of DNA replication.


Community Policing: International Patterns and Comparative Perspectives. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis: Boca Raton, Florida By Dominique, Wisler and Ihekwoaba D. Onwudiwe (eds.), 2009 In recent years, community policing as an agenda for policing reform has received a lot of global attention in a series of studies that stretch from organizational reforms to theories of modeling and implementation strategies. Community Policing: International Patterns and Comparative Perspectives, edited by Dominique Wisler and Ihekwoaba D. Onwudiwe represent a geographic anthology of various scholars and practitioners from different disciplines, such as, law, anthropology, criminology and sociology. Together, these policing authorities provided a vast array of thought-provoking and insightful perspectives in this fast extending and exciting arena of policing (see pg. v and xv for list of topics, contributors and background). Opening the discourse with "Rethinking Police and Society: Community Policing in Comparison," Wisler and Onwudiwe make quite clear that their aim is to capture a global view of community policing from two angles: a top-down approach of formal institutionalized policing, where community policing is state initiated, and a bottom-up approach of informal policing, where community policing meets the state directly from the communities themselves. Indeed, the authors by implication (including national segmentation of the contributors and topics) indicate that these two variants of community policing may best be located in the developed and undeveloped world, respectively. Employing the pattern of case studies, the inherent ambiguities in the use of the phrase "community policing" is examined alongside the issue of policing models; perhaps asking should it be top-down or bottomup? While examining informal vigilantes in developing nations like Nigeria, Tanzania, Kenya and South Africa, they argue that community policing is not something new, but for these nations, the approach from the developed societies would be novel-implying that total exportation from the later to the former therefore, would be highly impracticable. The authors' assert that the adoption of the community policing strategy by undemocratic governments may create erroneous expectations for the public if unconstitutional governments maintain pseudo public images of the police that are in alliance with the people that they police. The lack of clarity on where community policing begins and ends in relation to traditional policing may make such undemocratic usurpation more difficult to identify. Chapters 2-4 examine variants of community policing in Africa. South Africa is examined by Anthony Minaar's (chapter 2) "Community policing in a translational state." The post apartheid era in South Africa, beginning from 1994, was probably an interesting period for South Africans, but demanding times for police organizations as the country transited into democratic governance. Aside from the fact that South Africa had one of the highest crime rates (homicide included) in the world, policing a nation of unsettled freedom fighters with left-over cache of arms by a traditional police who still saw them as vagrants and viewed them with suspicion should elicit a natural call for understanding, compromise, and cooperation. The emergence of community policing in this period goes back to the 'Bantustans' or Black Townships (see page 24), the apartheid era of self-administered policing by the peoples court known as "popular justice" in the 1970s and 1980s. It's not surprising as Minaar notes that the existence of these self-policing units resisted the introduction of stateinitiated community policing by their former oppressors. What is surprising is the audacity of the SAP (South African Police) spearheading community policing without much prior work like image laundering with communities they oppressed for ages. Although people may forgive historical tyranny and apartheid transgressions in exchange for peace and tranquility, memories of such chronological injustices may still linger. …


The effectiveness of firms in originating, developing, and implementing technical innovations is viewed as a function of three sets of factors: (1) characteristics of the firm's environment, (2) in...


This chapter examines how Nordic silent films circulated as far away from Scandinavia as in Australia. This far-flung distribution chain was facilitated and hampered by political and economic developments on both sides of the globe. In the 1910s, the Copenhagen-based Nordisk Film Company was the second largest exporter of films in the world. Distributed primarily by Pathé Frérès and Nordisk, Swedish and Danish silent films played to great success all over the continent of Australia. Early Nordic stars, in particular Asta Nielsen and Valdemar Psilander, were beloved. As products of neutral countries, Danish and Swedish films continued to circulate internationally during the war. By the time silent film was rendered obsolete by sound film, the distribution of Nordic film in the Pacific was largely a thing of the past. The chapter reconstructs the circulation of these films from remaining traces including newspapers of the period


Objective: This study is designed to investigate the effects of coronary collateral circulation on preoperative and postoperative QT dispersion in patients undergoing CABG operation. Method: Fifty-two patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass were enrolled in this study. These patients were classified according to the presence or absence of collateral vessels into 3 groups; presence of collateral vessels from right coronary system to left coronary system (Group 1, n=13), from left coronary system to right coronary (Group 2, n=15), and absence of collaterals (control group, n=24). In all patients, 12-lead electrocardiography was recorded to calculate QT dispersion preoperatively and on the first, 5th, and 30th postoperative day. Results: Comparisons of the groups' preoperative characteristics identified a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension in Group 1 and Group 2 than that in control group. Mean preoperative QTd was significantly prolonged in Group 2 than that in control group and in Group 1. There was a significant reduction in QTd from before surgery to all postoperative measurements in control group and in Group 1. However, mean QTd in Group 2 did not showed a significant decrease after surgery in Group 2. Conclusion: The study showed that coronary artery bypass grafting may reduce QTd. However, presence of collateral circulation in patients undergoing coronary artery surgery did not affect preoperative and postoperative QTd. Key Word: Collateral circulation, Coronary disease, Coronary artery bypass, QT dispersion.


A hypersonic gun tunnel has been used to measure the heat transfer to a sharpedged flat plate inclined at various incidences to generate local Mach numbers from 3 to 9. The measurements have been compared with a number of theoretical estimates by plotting the Stanton number against the energy-thickness Reynolds number. The prediction giving the most reasonable agreement throughout the above Mach number range is that due to Fernholz (1971). The values of the skin-friction coefficient derived from velocity profiles and Preston tube data are also given.


An ester activation method was employed to synthesize Gentamicin antigens using KLH and BSA as carrier proteins.The conjugate was identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectra(MALDI-TOF MS).Monoclonal antibody against Gentamicin was prepared,and a competitive ELISA was developed using the monoclonal antibody to detect Gentamicin.Based on the calibration curve,the linear detection was 0.1 to 5 ng/mL and the IC50 was 0.8 ng/mL.No cross-reactivity of the antibody with other compounds was observed,indicating that the antibody is highly specific for Gentamicin.Using competitive ELISA method developed in this study,Gentamicin concentrations were successfully monitored in milk after intramuscular administration of Gentamicin.


Nadève Ménard asks why exile is seen as the major trope of Haitian literature when, for every text mentioning exile, there is another emphasizing rootedness.


During the last half decade, the structure of the heliospheric interface has attracted increasing attention with continual improvements in modelling and observations. The Interstellar Boundary Explore (IBEX) spacecraft is returning important data that require a theoretical model of Heliosphere to ensure proper interpretation. We develop a framework for understanding the measurements of heavier-than-hydrogen atoms by IBEX in terms of a 3D MHD-neutral numerical solution of the sun's interaction with the interstellar medium, combined with a test particle approach for heavy atoms and ions.


One of the predicted effects from climate change is sea level rise. The issue for planners is how the planning system can address the effects of sea level rise and its threats to land use and development, as well as the environment. Across the country various government land use plans and strategies have looked at this issue. The latest is the new Victorian Coastal Strategy 2008 (Victorian Coastal Council, 2008) which includes reference to a climate change induced sea level rise of between 0.4 and 0.8 m by the end of the century. Rising sea levels and extreme weather associated with climate change are expected to have the following effects on coastal areas: » Increased flooding of low lying coastal areas with landward retreat of the coastline at around so to 100 times the vertical rise in sea levels (Figure 1). » Damage to and loss of public built coastal assets such as seawalls, jetties, boat ramps, roads and drainage, water and sewerage infrastructure (Figure 2). » Damage to and loss of private assets such as urban and rural development. » Damage to and loss of public natural assets such as beaches, coastal dunes and increased instability of coastal headlands and cliffs due to erosion, coastal wetlands due to increased saltwater penetration and coastal squeeze whereby saltmarshes and mangroves and other wetlands communities cannot migrate landward because of topographic or land use and development constraints (Figure 3). >> Damage to and loss of coastal recreational assets and amenity and reduction in public safety.


Cellular foams are usually used as energy absorbers in engineering such as cushioning to alleviate the impact energy. To explore their energy absorption property, Voronoi foams with different density gradients were established. Numerical simulations were conducted by using Ls-dyna 971. Two loading conditions were considered: the constant velocity impact and the densification velocity impact. The results indicate that the energy absorption is closely related to loading conditions and profiles of density gradients. Therefore, it is of great importance to select suitable graded foams accordingly. This study paves the way for engineering applications of graded cellular materials as protective devices.


Jones and Pfaller recently reported on macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistances among Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from 36 North American laboratories participating in the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program from 1997 to 1999 ([3][1]). Their report is one of several recent publications


Amends title II (Old Age, Survivors and Disability Insurance) of the Social Security Act to provide that disability insurance benefits for an individual having a terminal illness shall begin with the first month such individual has such illness.


Carl F. Starkloff, si 11M ission" can mean many things. In the Christian context it has referred to the sending of preachers of the message to unevangelized societies. It is most commonly thought of as a going from a "civilized" culture in order to proclaim Christianity to a "primitive" culture, although modem theologians in Europe and North America have often asserted that the church must under take missions to evangelize the materialistic and unchurched ele ments in contemporary society. My thoughts here touch on a situ ation that straddles the fence between both of these mission tasks. I refer to missions among Native Americans still living within tribal society, although from what I have been told by students and clergy from other parts of the world, like black Africa, iny comments may well have some value for those who work outside Indian cultures. As a prelude to discussing this problem, I would like to reem phasize an element of missiological method drawn from the work of Bernard Lonergan.' The last in a list of eight "functional spe cialties" by means of which Lonergan carries out his transcenden tal method of inquiry and growth is the specialty of communica tions. If communications has been noteworthy by its neglect in the history of interchurch relationships, it has been virtually nonexis tent in the majority of efforts to carry the gospel to primal cul tures, and if church workers today find it frustrating to draw In dian people into full partnership in ministry, an explanation is not far to find. Lonergan tells us that the formal constituent of community is "common meaning," which calls for a common field of experience, the lack of which causes people to get out of touch.s Thus commu nity demands common judgments and understanding, shared val ues, and goals and policies established on a basis of intersubjectiv ity already in existence.' In true community each individual "self," therefore, can offer a gesture and can hope for a response that correctly interprets that gesture. Clearly the necessary attitude on the part of all in commu nity is Lonergan's fourfold principle of self-transcendence: be at  'tentive, be intelligent, be reasonable, be responsible.' That is, be open to experience, to understanding the experience, to careful judgment on experience, and to mature decisions following upon judgment. In the search for solutions to the most tortured social problems on the reservation, these constitutive elements, while not explicitly acknowledged, are always present when progress is made. In a therapy group for alcoholics, for example, community is attained through sharing and understanding of experiences, through judgments and decisions as to the healing process. In tribal religious rituals, where the people are most often united in a sense of purpose, the principles of self-transcendence can be ob served implicitly in operation. Where the missionary is involved with native peoples, the Christian virtue of agape must be the source of self-transcendence.


The sequential and stochastic assignment problem (SSAP) has wide applications in logistics, finance, and health care management, and has been well studied in the literature. It assumes that jobs with unknown values arrive according to a stochastic process. Upon arrival, a job's value is made known and the decision-maker must immediately decide whether to accept or reject the job and, if accepted, to assign it to a resource for a reward. The objective is to maximize the expected reward from the available resources. The optimal assignment policy has a threshold structure and can be computed in polynomial time. In reality, there exist situations in which the decision-maker may postpone the accept/reject decision. In this research, we study the value of postponing decisions by allowing a decision-maker to hold a number of jobs which may be accepted or rejected later. While maintaining this queue of arrivals significantly complicates the analysis, optimal threshold policies exist under mild assumptions when the resources are homogeneous. We illustrate the benefits of delaying decisions through higher profits and lower risk in both cases of homogeneous and heterogeneous resources.


Bacterial and archaeal endo‐β‐1,3‐glucanases that belong to glycoside hydrolase family 16 share a β‐jelly‐roll fold, but differ significantly in sequence and in substrate specificity. The crystal structure of the laminarinase (EC 184.108.40.206) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus (pfLamA) has been determined at 2.1 Å resolution by molecular replacement. The pfLamA structure reveals a kink of six residues (72–77) at the entrance of the catalytic cleft. This peptide is absent in the endoglucanases from alkaliphilic Nocardiopsis sp. strain F96 and Bacillus macerans, two proteins displaying an overall fold similar to that of pfLamA, but with different substrate specificity. A deletion mutant of pfLamA, lacking residues 72–75, hydrolyses the mixed‐linkage β‐1,3‐1,4‐glucan lichenan 10 times more efficiently than the wild‐type protein, indicating the importance of the kink in substrate preference.


Quantization of the radiation field in Lorentz gauge is reexamined and it is shown that without using indefinite metric a consistent formulation is possible. Though it is not neces sary to modify the usual supplementary condition, we should abandon to regard a vector potential A"' (x) as a Hermitian operator. It is suggested that the results of physical interests, however, are the same as those obtained from the ordinary formulation.


in English Heterogeneous catalysis is immensely important to modern and future society. It forms the foundation of chemical industry, supplying essential chemicals and commodities for transport, food production, and pharmaceuticals, and is also a cornerstone in current and future energy platforms. If the long-standing dream of an environmentally sustainable energy sector is to be fulfilled, heterogeneous catalysts aiding production, storage, and use of energy from sustainable sources, e.g. sunlight, wind, and biomass, are expected to be essential. New catalysts improving the efficiency of existing chemical processes, such as ammonia synthesis and sulphur removal in refining, may also contribute to improving future society at large. However, developing the catalysts of tomorrow presents a wealth of scientific challenges. Understanding surface science has always been essential for development and improvement of industrial chemical processes, nano-science and nano-technology, in general any process where a solid surface interacts with any surrounding liquid or gas-phase species. Computational approaches play an increasingly important role in modern surface science, and density functional theory (DFT) in particular. Indeed, several recent developments in our understanding of important aspects of heterogeneous catalysis derive from electronic structure calculations based on DFT. However, there are still many challenges and lots of scope for improvement in the density functional approach to surface science. To mention a few, to improve the accuracy of electronic structure calculations, accuracy of the physical model, completeness of kinetic models for chemical reactions, figuring out the exact state of catalysts under reaction conditions, and also reducing the complexity of our physical models. In this thesis I have analyzed these challenges systematically and have developed some new methods and models to counter those challenges and obtain some general understanding of the catalytic process. I have developed an adsorbate-adsorbate interaction model to include the coverage dependency of the adsorption energy in kinetic models to obtain more accurate catalytic rates than with the commonly used non-interacting


Common biosignals are frequently recorded and used in modern clinical practice and even daily health care applications. The most important building block of such an acquisition system is the analog readout front end. Usually, an instrumentation amplifier with high CMRR and configurable gain characteristics is suitable for this application. There is a current mode instrumentation amplifier based on op amp power supply current sensing technique, which is a possible solution for designing the biosignal acquisition system. This paper makes a brief analysis of this topology and studies some features for applying to biosignals. Furthermore, a real circuit simulation analysis employing CMOS 0.35 μm technology under a 3 V power supply is conducted.