Objective To evaluate the effect of pepliteal artery endovascular angioplasty for the treatment of diabetic foot. Methods 65 cases (69 limbs) of diabetic foot were treated by long bloon endovascular angioplasty. Results No death occured. 60 cases (64 limbs) were successfully treated and 5 cases (5 limbs) failed. The imme-diately success rate was 92.75%. The pain relieved, the temperature was improved and the ankle brachial index (ABI) was up to 0.84±0.11. Anterior tibial artery or posterior tibial artery of 39 limbs could be touched. 21 limbs were cured by debride and change dressings. 10 limbs were cured after the gangrene was ablated. 6 limbs were cured after the gangrene was debrided. 22 limbs were cured after toe amputation. Half of the foot was amputated. No limb was amputated. Every month was further consulted by Doppler and the rate of follow upwas 100%. 6 limbs of 6 cases were reobliterated (1,1,2,2 cases occurred after 1,6,12,18 month respectively.) and treated by endovascular an-gioplasty again. Conclusion Endovascular angioplasty below the knees for the treatment of diabetic foot is an effec-tive method for the limbs saving, with minimal invasive, safety, less complication and retreatment. It can be used as a first choice for the artery obliteration of diabetic foots.

Key words:
Diabetic foot;  Arteriosclerosis;  Endovascular angioplasty;  Limb iscbemia


The purpose of this article is to assess the impact of Environmental Management Accounting System (EMAS) as a waste management assessment and decision tool on organizations using obsolete technologies to perform operational activities. The new waste legislation will affect the future sustainability of manufacturing companies generating large amounts of waste in developing countries, such as South Africa. This article is based on a case study of a paper and pulp manufacturing companies in Kwa-Zulu Natal. EMAS was used as a waste assessment and decision tool to investi-gate the negative impact of the large amounts of boiler ash generated on the company's environmental and economic performance. The excessive amount of boiler ash (waste) generated during the steam generation process contained large amounts of unburned coal. This represented a loss of natural resources costing the company millions of Rands. The companies are currently disposing this ash at a local landfill site (DCLM). However, the new waste laws, prevents companies from disposing any waste containing carbon to landfill sites. Results of the finding indicate that companies operating coal-fired boiler plants will need to adopt Cleaner Production technologies and techniques to reduce boiler ash waste in order to continue business operations in the future. Current waste legislation will not allow companies to dispose of boiler ash to landfill sites within the next 5 to 7 years. Ultimately, management needs to consider investment in cleaner technologies or best-available technologies (BAT) as a strategy to improve environmental and economic performance to ensure their future sustainability.


Inhibition of angiogenesis has been shown to be an effective strategy in cancer therapy in mice. Howevei its widespread application has been hampered by difficulties in the large-scale production of th antiangiogenic proteins. This limitation may be resolved by in vivo delivery and expression of th antiangiogenic genes. We have constructed a recombinant adenovirus that expresses murine endostatin which resulted in a significant delay of tumor progression of JC breast carcinoma and Lewis lun carcinoma , and more importantly, in complete prevention of lung metastases formation in Lewis lun; carcinoma. The inability to control pre-established tumors may be due to insufficient circulatin endostatin levels or to inadequate local endostatin concentrations, both of which have been shown to b important for the anti-tumor effect of endostatin. We now constructed a recombinant adenoviru expressing a murine Ig-endostatin fusion protein resulting in significantly higher circulating endostatii levels in vivo. This construct is now being tested in breast cancer models. Furthermore, we demonstrate« that locally deposited endostatin is biological active with respect to inhibition of endothelial eel proliferation and induction of endothelial cell apoptosis. We are now constructing a new tumor-targete« version of endostatin to increase directly local endostatin concentrations in the tumor. In conclusion, th present study clearly demonstrates the potential of vector-mediated antiangiogenic gene therapy in cance treatment. Changes in vector design, however, resulting in higher transgene expression levels, or tumor targeted delivery of endostatin may even lead to stronger anti-tumor activity.


This note highlights application of the new Dual Plasma technology and the Sievers® Sulfur Chemiluminescence Detector (SCD) to an important industrial analysis, trace sulfur in benzene.


Feedback linearization theory and symbolic computations nonlinear control of a simulated single evaporator process robustness study of nonlinear control theories robust controller synthesis using uncertainty vector adjustment Lyapunov function analysis of the uncertainty vector adjustment simulation and control of a triple effects evaporator implementation of input output linearization on an industrial evaporator process final comment and conclusions


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We report a Fermi-LAT γ-ray analysis for the Chamaeleon molecular cloud complex using a total column density ( ) model based on the dust optical depth at 353 GHz ( ) with the Planck thermal dust emission model. Gamma rays with energy from 250 MeV to 100 GeV are fitted with the model as a function of , (α ≥ 1.0), to explicitly take into account a possible nonlinear / ratio. We found that a nonlinear relation, α ∼ 1.4, gives the best fit to the γ-ray data. This nonlinear relation may indicate dust evolution effects across the different gas phases. Using the best-fit model, we derived the CO-to- conversion factor ( ) and gas mass, taking into account the uncertainties of the model. The value of is found to be (0.63–0.76) ×1020 cm−2 K−1 km−1 s, which is consistent with that of a recent γ-ray study of the Chamaeleon region. The total gas mass is estimated to be (6.0–7.3) × 104 , of which the mass of additional gas not traced by standard or CO line surveys is 20%–40%. The additional gas amounts to 30%–60% of the gas mass estimated in the case of optically thin and has five to seven times greater mass than the molecular gas traced by CO. Possible origins of the additional gas are discussed based on scenarios of optically thick and CO-dark . We also derived the γ-ray emissivity spectrum, which is consistent with the local emissivity derived from Fermi-LAT data within the systematic uncertainty of ∼20%.


Difficulties in developing efficient administrative services (e.g. student care, interconnection with the labor market and quality assurance) due to understaffing are considered among the most important problems that limit the effectiveness of higher education institutes. This is emphasized in the latest Hellenic Quality Assurance & Accreditation Agency (HQA) report [15] and leads to the necessity for the existence and utilization of an internal Quality Assurance System that will monitor the alignment of objectives with the long-term academic performance. The commitment of each University according Quality must be reflected and confirmed through the processes and procedures of the Internal Quality Assurance System (IQAS), which is reasonably drafted, implemented and reviewed on a yearly basis. The purpose of the ESDP is to provide the institutions and members of the academic community with a framework for the achievement of the aims and objectives of the Institution in terms of quality and more specifically the achievement of high quality in its operation, the continuous improvement of educational and research work, as well as the efficient operation and performance of its services in accordance with international practices, in particular those of the European Higher Education Area and the principles and guidelines of the HQA. HQA has already imposed the development and use of IQAS by sending appropriate instructions and organizing its certification actions for all Greek universities. If the IQAS is supported by appropriate software, its implementation and exploitation is facilitated, with positive side effects for all involved. The purpose of this paper is to capture the basic features of the development of the prototype of such an open source IQAS, compatible with the HQA and ISO guidelines, so that it can then be used, modified and certified on a more professional basis.


Nowadays, Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is regarded as one of the key technology of the sixth generation (6G) wireless communication systems. However, most of the current researches are based on single RIS. In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional (3D) double-RIS-assisted geometry-based stochastic model (GBSM) for massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. The channel model also supports the movements of transmitter, receiver, and clusters. For RIS, a new method is proposed for the joint design of reflection coefficients in MIMO channels based on cascaded RISs. In addition, different channel properties in the spatial domain, time domain, and frequency domain are studied to verify the validity and non-stationary properties of the model and explore the improvement of channel performance by double RISs.


A PASSION FOR LIFE: FRAGMENTS OF THE FACE OF GOD, DEVOTIONAL EDITION Joan Chittister Icons by Robert Lenz Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 2013 208 pages, paper, $24.00A Passion for Life: Fragments of the Face of God presents readers with a work of enormous depth and breadth. Chittister has written twenty-nine accounts of thirty-eight men and women whose lives challenge conventional notions of what it means to be a "saint." These are saints who first and foremost are human, people like you and me except that for them, as Chittister puts it, "the Law above the law is the first in their lives"(xiv). Some are universally known or nearly so-Gandhi, Mary Magdalene, Martin Luther King, Jr.- while others are associated with specific faith traditions-Benedict and Scholastica, Baal Shem Tov, Thomas Merton-and still others are relatively obscure-Bartolome de las Casas, Franz Jagerstatter, Kateri Tekakwitha- but all arc introduced or re-introduced to us as people like ourselves, living in situations similar to our own. Her thesis: "Not all those who point the way to God for us may themselves be perfect."This collection is framed by myth: Eve as the Image of God, and Joan of Arc as a Voice of Conscience. Yet Eve and Joan's stories arc carefully crafted to de-mystify. Eve is offered as example of one who falls in an effort to live more fully and as evidence of the grace of new beginnings. In her icon Robert Lenz portrays her as a white-haired mature woman, her face darkened and deeply lined, who reaches out of the frame to offer us a pomegranate. Joan's story is that of a peasant girl caught in the middle of a political and ideological struggle; she risks everything to follow the voices of the divine within her with the approval of French churchmen only to be condemned by a different church court and burned by those judges for falling down in her duty to the church. Lenz's icon depicts her as a mere girl dressed in armor, a rough cross of broken sticks in her left hand, her right hand reaching towards butterflies who flutter around her head and shoulders.Between the two, we meet Martin Luther King, Jr. as a young man who grew up angry, marginalized by his race but privileged by his upbringing on "Sweet Auburn" Street in Atlanta. As an uptown black, the son, grandson, and great-grandson of ministers, Chittister reminds us, King enjoyed respect and a place of privilege in his own community-he had something to lose by confronting the system. This is not the bland, official saint often celebrated in our national holiday but rather an angry young man at times beset with insecurities who struggled to discover the presence of the divine not only in himself but also in his enemies. So it is disappointing to find here an evocation of Rosa Parks as "tired department store seamstress" who refused to give up her seat on the bus rather than as the deliberately subversive activist trained at the Highlander Folk School. …


Vaccinium darrowii is a subtropical wild blueberry species, which was used to breed economically important southern highbush cultivars. The adaptation traits of V. darrowii to subtropical climate would provide valuable information for breeding blueberry and perhaps other plants, especially against the background of global warming. Here, we assembled the V. darrowii genome into 12 pseudochoromosomes using Oxford Nanopore long reads complemented with Hi-C scaffolding technologies, and predicted 41 815 genes using RNAseq evidence. Syntenic analysis across three Vaccinium species revealed a highly conserved genome structure, with the highest collinearity between V. darrowii and V. corymbosum. This conserved genome structure may explain the high fertilization during crossbreeding between V. darrowii and other blueberry cultivars. Gene expansion and tandem duplication analysis indicated possible roles of defense and flowering associated genes in adaptation of V. darrowii to the subtropics. The possible SOC1 genes in V. darrowii were identified with phylogeny and expression analysis. Blueberries are covered in a thick cuticle layer and contain anthocyanins, which confer their powdery blue color. Using RNA-sequencing, the cuticle biosynthesis pathways of Vaccinium species were delineated here in V. darrowii. This result could serve as a reference for breeding berries with customer-desired colors. The V. darrowii reference genome, together with the unique traits of this species, including diploid genome, short vegetative phase, and high compatibility in hybridization with other blueberries, make V. darrowii a potential research model for blueberry species.


In order to extend the applicability of integral equation based methods to the analysis of complex structures at lower frequencies, an efficient formulation of the low frequency fast inhomogeneous plane wave algorithm has been implemented in the Protheus/MLFMA simulation tool. The seamless integration of the new low frequency method with the well known multilevel fast multipole algorithm within Protheus/MLFMA delivers a method capable of efficient accelerated wideband analysis for a large range of applications such as integration of communication antennas on ships, design of wideband antennas and EMC tasks.


Calcium oxide has been used as a demolition agent in fracturing rocks and old concrete structures, etc. With the agent, demolition work can be done in safety without a noise, vibration and any other pollution, since high expansive pressure is obtained gradually by only mixing the agents with water and pouring the slurry into boreholes. But application of the non-explosive demolition agent is a time-consuming job, especially in winter. Essentially, this problem is related to the reaction rate of calcium oxide with water. This study examines the influence of additives such as cement and anhydrite on expansion pressure of calcium oxide at different curing temperatures. The expansion pressure of calcium oxide began to increase steadily with the rise of the curing temperature. When mixing calcium oxide alone with water, blown-out shot occurred. But as additives were added to calcium oxide, the reaction of calcium oxide delayed and the expansion pressure showed gradual increment. Especially, anhydrite showed a superior delaying effect than cement on the reaction of calcium oxide.


Studies of respiration in dental pulpl-6 have shown a variety of oxygen quotients for this structure. The mean values reported were based on reasonably long periods of measurement, and the 1-hour interval has generally been used as a convenient standard. One of the more apparent possible reasons for the different oxygen quotients that have been reported is the difference in species of animals from which the tissues were obtained. However, Fisher and others7 have shown that there was not a single mean oxygen quotient for bovine molar pulp but that the oxygen consumption rate was related to the rate of dentinogenic activity. This relationship, if true, should also be demonstrable in the continuously erupting rodent incisor. Pincus2 and Flieder and Fisher4 have noted that odontoblasts tend to remain attached to the dentin when the pulp is removed. This has been amply confirmed during numerous histologic examinations of bovine pulp for other purposes. But since odontoblasts seldom contribute a significant component to tissue samples for pulpal respiration measurements, and because pulpal respiration is related to dentinogenesis, the question is raised as to how much of the pulp organ is most intimately involved in dentin formation. This question assumes added importance if extremely small samples of tissue are to be studied because samples from different regions of the pulp organ might have quantitatively different respiratory characteristics. Fisher and Schwabe8 have noted frequent fluctuations in the oxygen quotient of bovine pulp when several successive 30-minute observational periods are substituted for the more conventional hourly periods. Later investigations9",0 have revealed a prominent


Members of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) family induce pleiotropic biological responses, including cell growth, differentiation and even death. B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), a member of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, is a cytokine that induces B-cell survival, expansion, and differentiation both in vitro and in vivo. Considerable evidence points to a role for (BLyS) overproduction in murine and human Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Increased levels of BLyS mRNA correlates well with biologic and clinical sequelae of BLyS overexpression. Aim of Work: To assess the level of mRNA BLyS in systemic lupus erythematosus patients and correlate it to clinical and laboratory features of the disease. Material and Methods: Thirty SLE patients and ten ageand sex-matched healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. Blood samples from patients and controls were subjected to the following: Detection of BLyS mRNA expression by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method, followed by semiquantitation of their levels by comparing levels of BLyS mRNA to ß-actin mRNA levels using densitometric analysis. Results: The mean intensity of full-length BLyS mRNA expression was significantly higher in SLE patients when compared to the control group ( p<0.001). Elevated BLyS mRNA in SLE patients are significantly associated with disease activity as they are statistically correlated with SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) score. BLys mRNA levels were closely associated with serum anti-dsDNA levels and are not correlated to percentage of leucocyte lineages in the patients' peripheral blood samples, denoting that among SLE patients, the elevated levels of BLyS mRNA are not related to percentage of myeloid lineage, they are expressed from. Conclusion: BLyS mRNA levels may be a helpful biomarker in the clinical monitoring of SLE patients. These findings also reinforces the rationale underlying clinical trials with BLyS antagonists in SLE.


Actual is the task of creating the so-called composite galvanic coatings (CGC), introducing hardening additives in the form of finely dispersed powder into the solution. During the experiments, a coating was applied using a standard composition, and then a coating with the addition of EED powder in an amount of 5 g/l of solution. The microstructure of the obtained coatings was investigated using a Quanta 200 3D scanning electron microscope. Testing the hardness of the samples along the transverse section was carried out using the DM – 8 automatic microhardness analysis system. It was experimentally established that the composite galvanic coating has a clear boundary with the substrate and a transition friable layer of up to 30 μm. In this case, the presence of vertical cracks up to 50 μm in size was noted. It was shown that a composite coating obtained with the addition of an electroerosive powder in an amount of 5 g/l of solution has a microhardness 12% higher than a coating using a standard electrolyte composition.


The article deals with the problem of the trust rehabilitation to public authorities in Ukraine as one of the key factors in the process of public reforms implementation. The data of the sociological investigations are given. They show that the trust level of Ukrainians to public and political institutions has fallen to historical minimum on the modern stage of state building. One of the prospect methods of the trust rehabilitation and forming constructive social relations on the base of the Polish experience of social projects implementation is considered. It is proved that the public trust to public power should be considered firstly, as one of the main factors of the social welfare, and, secondly, as motive forces of efficient social development through the state reforms implementation. The purpose of the study is to analyze certain areas of restoration of public confidence in the public authorities of Ukraine as one of the key factors in the process of implementing state reforms. The practice of social life shows that the effectiveness of public power acts to a large extent depends on the attitude of the population towards it. That is, the trust or distrust of the population to power is the reaction of people to the efficiency of its work, so the level of public confidence can be considered one of the main indicators of the effectiveness of government actions. At the same time, the level of public confidence in public authorities mainly depends on the overall assessment of their activities, since it is the quality of life of citizens that largely determines the effectiveness of government work.


Thermal residual stress in resin matrix composite due to the different coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). The CTE of carbon fiber is lower than resin matrix. Based on mechanics, rising temperature will induce tensile stress, cooling down will induce compress in fiber. There exists expanding and shrinkage during curing process of epoxy. In single fiber composite system, they play different roles, present with tensile and compress stress on fiber. This paper deals with the relationship of the carbon fiber resistance with strain and temperature. The effect of expanding and shrinkage on residual stress is got by the fiber resistant measurement. Resistance variety curve of the experiment shows the chemical process during resin solidification. The shear stress between fiber and matrix existing during temperature load can also measured by the same method. The carbon fiber's resistant can be used as sensor to monitor and control the curing process. This is a simple and effective method to research the curing process.


We previously proposed the Bio-Matched Antenna (BMA), a new class of broadband, high gain antennas for into-body radiation with improved transmission through biological tissues. BMAs have many desirable characteristics for telemetry, imaging, and sensing applications, but the design exhibits limitations for real-world implementation. Notably, fabrication is time-consuming and tedious, the materials are unstable over time (e.g., performance of the antenna was found to significantly degrade after Day 1 of fabrication), and the connector is not reliable. In this paper, we determine the fundamental limitations with BMAs and propose possible solutions to address them. The discussions in this paper will facilitate robust, stable into-body design and fabrication for real-world applications in the future.


Numerical calculations are performed with respect to transient characteristics of a 5-mm-diam wall-stabilized air arc at atmospheric pressure. The mass and energy equations are solved by means of a computer into which all the numerical data of the transport properties are memorized against gas temperature. The transient responses of temperature profile, arc conductance, and electric field strength to step and sinusoidal change in current are estimated. It is found that an arc time constant is given as a function of the axial temperature of arc column. The experimental results show good agreement with the calculated ones.


Abstract Background Clostridioides difficile poses a major infection control challenge and remains a huge burden to our healthcare system. The emergence of hypervirulent strains of C. difficile has highlighted the need for monitoring antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and continual epidemiological vigilance. Agar dilution is the current gold standard method for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of C. difficile and the method routinely utilized in the Public Health Wales (PHW) UK Anaerobe Reference Unit (UKARU) at the University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff. However, this method is laborious and time consuming. Meanwhile, the emergence of WGS introduces the possibility of acquiring rapid genotypic information in terms of AMR. Methods In this research project, isolates obtained from faecal samples submitted across the Betsi Cadwalader health board (BCUHB) that were either GDH or PCR positive were sequenced as part of the C. difficile Genomic Sequencing and Typing (DIGEST) pilot project performed at the PHW Pathogen Genomics Unit (PenGU) in Cardiff. Results Results highlights include the finding that 93% of the isolates analysed for the presence of AMR genes were found to have the cdeA gene associated with conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin. Other common genes observed included blaCDD-1 and blaCDD-2, associated with β-lactam resistance. Conclusions While further work must be done to link genotypic characterization with phenotype, this study provides a valuable insight into AMR mechanisms in C. difficile and may in future become an important tool providing early indication of shift in C. difficile epidemiology or the emergence of a new hypervirulent and MDR strain.


Objectives. Increasing prevalence of asthma in developing countries has been a significant challenge for public health in recent decades. A number of studies have suggested that ambient air pollution can trigger asthma attacks. Biomass and solid fuels are a major source of indoor air pollution, but in developing countries the health effects of indoor air pollution are poorly understood. In this study we examined the effect of cooking smoke produced by biomass and solid fuel combustion on the reported prevalence of asthma among adult men and women in India. Methods. The analysis is based on 99,574 women and 56,742 men aged between 20 and 49 years included in India's third National Family Health Survey conducted in 2005–2006. Effects of exposure to cooking smoke, determined by the type of fuel used for cooking such as biomass and solid fuels versus cleaner fuels, on the reported prevalence of asthma were estimated using multivariate logistic regression. Since the effects of cooking smoke are likely to be confounded with effects of tobacco smoking, age, and other such factors, the analysis was carried out after statistically controlling for such factors. Results. The results indicate that adult women living in households using biomass and solid fuels have a significantly higher risk of asthma than those living in households using cleaner fuels (OR: 1.26; 95%CI: 1.06–1.49; p = .010), even after controlling for the effects of a number of potentially confounding factors. Interestingly, this effect was not found among men (OR: 0.98; 95%CI: 0.77–1.24; p = .846). However, tobacco smoking was associated with higher asthma prevalence among both women (OR: 1.72; 95%CI: 1.34–2.21; p < .0001) and men (OR: 1.35; 95%CI: 1.49–2.25; p < .0001). Combined effects of biomass and solid fuel use and tobacco smoke on the risk of asthma were greater and more significant in women (OR: 2.16; 95%CI: 1.58–2.94; p < .0001) than they were in men (OR: 1.34; 95%CI: 1.04–1.72; p = .024). Conclusions. The findings have important program and policy implications for countries such as India, where large proportions of the population still rely on polluting biomass fuels for cooking and heating. Decreasing household biomass and solid fuel use and increasing use of improved stove technology may decrease the health effects of indoor air pollution. More epidemiological research with better measures of smoke exposure and clinical measures of asthma is needed to validate the findings.


In industrial production area,a potential problem for the atmospheric pressure plasma jet treatment(APPJ) is that the existent agents absorbed by the substrate may influence the plasma surface modification processes.In order to investigate the etching effect of ultra high modulus polyethylene(UHMPE) fibers treated by helium APPJ,different concentrations of glycerol solution were selected as the absorbed agents.The results are investigated by SEM and interfacial shear strength(IFSS) test.The SEM images showed that the surface roughness was increased,and the IFSS value decreased as the concentration of glycerol coating solution increased.Meanwhile,the IFSS value had the same decreasing trend under the dry and wet treatment condition.It indicates that the existed glycerol coating will quench the etching effect of APPJ treating UHMPE;furthermore decrease the adhesion between fiber and resin.


The Congregation of Propaganda Fidei in Rome established the Vicariate Apostolic of Korea in 1831. The Paris Foreign Missions Society was mandated for the mission of this newly established Vicariate Apostolic, and Bishop Bruguiere was appointed at its head As a result, French missionaries came to Korea secretly since 1836. Among them, three Vicars and nine missionaries were martyred in the persecution of 1839 and 1&36. After the opening port period the Church of Korea goes out of the Catacombs, and in the grace of the religious liberty it gains a marvelous harvest. In 1910, there were 73,527 Catholics in Korea. This was an increase of almost 60,000 in twenty years. Bishop Mutel, eighth Vicar Apostolic of Korea began to consider the necessity and the possibility for dividing the Vicariate Apostolic of Korea. We could take account of the catholic population's highly increasing drift, the favorable tendency in the political circumstances, and a precedent instance of the similar division in China, etc. as the inward and outward motivations. March 3 in 1910, Bishop Mutel wrote a letter to father Fleury, the superior of Paris headquarter, in which he proposed the division of the Vicariate of Korea. The superior and directors of Seminary in Paris approved the proposition of Bishop Mutel. But his second suggestion, that is, the three-parted division was rejected. In that case, Mute! accepted the amended project, two-parted division, but he persisted in his own idea about the demarcation of border line between two Vicariates. After the long-termed negotiation, the border line was drawn in Chungcheong province and Jeolla province. In 1911, the Holy See ordered that Church of Korea should be divided into two vicariates. About on third of the entire mission became the Vicariate Apostolic of Taikou. It comprised the four southern provinces of North and South Kyeonsang and North and South Jeolla The remainder of the old mission had a new name, the Vicariate Apostolic of Seoul. It comprised nine provinces: North and South Hamkyeong, North and South Pyeongan, Whanghai, Kyeongki, Kangwon and North and South Chungcheong.


Following a stroke, a 70-year-old man was hospitalized and treated with oral nimodipine, intramuscular amikacin, and oral ciprofloxacin, triazolam, allopurinol, fluoxetine and furosemide. During such treatment he developed dyspnoea and developed an erythematous maculopapular rash. Symptoms promptly receded after administration of corticosteroids and antihistamines. When the anti-inflammatory effect of corticosteroids ended, he developed vesiculation of the oral mucosa and a generalized itchy eczema. Prick tests, read after 20 min, were performed with a Morrow-Brown needle (Alk Abellò SA, Madrid, Spain), and were considered positive if the wheal was greater than 4 mm in diameter (with a negative control test with saline), while patch tests were considered as positive according to the criteria of the NACDG (6). Prick tests were negative, while patch tests were positive only to nimodipine (π D3, π π D6); nimodipine was pach tested as is. Patch tests with nimodipine were repeated twice with different commercial preparations containing nimodipine, in order to exclude reactions to excipients: they were all positive. Patch tests with nimodipine were negative in 5 healthy control subjects. Diagnosis was confirmed by disappearance of symptoms when administration of nimodipine was discontinued. Patch tests with other calcium antagonists (amlodipine and nifedipine) were performed in order to look for cross-reactions and they were all negative.


This paper investigates the opportunity of a Procompetitive interpretation of Private Law through an interdisciplinary analysis of Competition Law with Contract Law. The purpose of the research is to demonstrate that the traditional Civil Law might be differently considered and interpreted in the specific market where contractual obligation arises. Under this point of view, for example, it is necessary to adopt a new approach to the traditional notion of legal 'consideration' of the contract, to the ancient rule 'in pari causa turpitudinis melior est condicio possidentis', to the doctrinal category of 'protection obligations' (Schutzpflichten). All these institutions of Private Law show a full regulatory efficiency in the perspective of Antitrust Law, so that studying nowadays Contract Law requires the interpreter to value both the single contract and the whole complex environment of market where each single contract is made. The final aim of this suggested method is to make Economy and Freedom of Contract more consonant with the value of


The decentralization of resource management emerges from, and reconstitutes, regimes of accumulation, as well as governance. The forms of access to and control over resources change under decentralization, affecting the ways different institutional and individual actors derive benefits, shoulder costs, and make claims. These changes create conditions where conflict is likely, while a lack of steps for realizing the redistributive goals of decentralization aggravates the tensions and potential for violence. This has been the experience in Indonesia. Where effective controls to prevent or mediate conflict do not exist, and where the stakes are high enough, that is where resources are valuable and or abundant; where violence already characterizes the management and control of resources, we should anticipate violence with decentralization. Those provinces in Indonesia where resources were most valuable and state power had already been contested or imposed violently experienced the most violence under decentralization. Decentralization creates new forms of territorial governance, and the terms of territorial or spatialized governance and conflict shift with it. With land-based resources, enclosure is a physical, as well as an administrative, act. Enclosure of resources and the exclusion of individuals, or groups with alternative claims to those resources, have long been recognized as sources of violence. The enclosure of resources by Indonesian central state institutions and the state's failure to reinvest in the source regions was a major bone of contention in Indonesia under the Suharto regime (1966– 98). In particular, the passing of sectoral resource laws that bypassed the authority of the Basic Agrarian Law and its administering institutions created the legal mechanisms for a massive jurisdictional shift to resource Peace Review: A Journal of Social Justice, 19:23–32 Copyright # Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN 1040-2659 print; 1469-9982 online DOI: 10.1080/10402650601181840


Abstract Why do some governments negotiate with insurgent organizations while others use force? This study examines the factors that influence these strategic government approaches to insurgencies using an original data set of state actions toward 140 insurgent groups between 1998 and 2012. We develop a simple model to explain government policy choice and test on these original data. After accounting for ideological differences and insurgent organization alliances, our findings suggest that the size of the insurgent group, the extent of previous lethal violence, and previous government decisions all influence government selection of conciliatory, repressive, mixed, and non-response strategies. We conclude by discussing the implications for how governments make counterterrorism/counterinsurgency strategy.


The Summary is about the research development of animal model of damp-heat syndrome(including epidemic febrile disease of damp-heat syndrome,spleen-stomach damp-heat syndrome,damp-heat syndrome of liver and gallbladder,nephritis with damp-heat syndrome,large intestine damp-heat syndrome,damp-heat syndrome of pneumonia and polymyositis with damp-heat syndrome)in recent two decades,comparing and evaluating the different method and condition in made damp-heat syndrome animal models from the angles of pathogeny and syndrome characteristic,in order to provide reference for selecting appropriate model for experimental research of damp-heat syndrome.


Spectral distribution changes in atmosphere have a significant impact on performance behaviour of photovoltaic system. Various atmospheric constituents absorb and reflect irradiance at different wavelengths, which results in changes in atmospheric spectrum. The performance of photovoltaic modules is influenced by spectra distribution of the respective site even if the irradiance level and the operating temperature remain unchanged. In this study, the effect of Relative Humidity (RH) and Ambient temperature is reported as a vital function for spectra distribution. Also, the mutual effect of POA (Plan of array) and Precipitable water content (Pwat) on PR (Performance ratio) gives a strong comprehensive correlation for predictive module performance analysis for the respective location.Spectral distribution changes in atmosphere have a significant impact on performance behaviour of photovoltaic system. Various atmospheric constituents absorb and reflect irradiance at different wavelengths, which results in changes in atmospheric spectrum. The performance of photovoltaic modules is influenced by spectra distribution of the respective site even if the irradiance level and the operating temperature remain unchanged. In this study, the effect of Relative Humidity (RH) and Ambient temperature is reported as a vital function for spectra distribution. Also, the mutual effect of POA (Plan of array) and Precipitable water content (Pwat) on PR (Performance ratio) gives a strong comprehensive correlation for predictive module performance analysis for the respective location.


Abstract Further observations of the natural history and prevention of viral hepatitis Type B revealed that all 25 unimmunized susceptible children who had a parenteral exposure to MS-2 serum had evidence of hepatitis B infection; 25 had hepatitis B antigen, and 24 had an abnormal SGOT. Of 15 children who received standard immune serum globulin after a parenteral exposure to MS-2 serum, 13 had detectable hepatitis B antigen, and 12 had an abnormal SGOT. Of 10 children who received hepatitis B immune serum globulin after a parenteral exposure to MS-2 serum, four had detectable hepatitis B antigen and abnormal SGOT; of 29 children who received one to three inoculations of heat-inactivated MS-2 serum before a parenteral exposure to unheated MS-2 serum, 12 had detectable hepatitis B antigen and abnormal SGOT. The use of these active and passive immunizing procedures was associated with a protective effect, a more attenuated hepatitis B infection, and a decreased chronic carrier rate of hepatitis B antigen.


Jamming on multiple emitters using digital radio frequency memory(DRFM) in complicated electromagnetic environment was studied.The circuit structure of DRFM based on pulse memory has the deficiency of jamming time when pulse signals interleaved.A new circuit structure of DRFM based on continuous memory was proposed.The jammer transmitted and received simultaneously when using the continuous memory DRFM.In order to create multiple false radar targets with limited hardware resource,the delay and aliasing circuit according to FIR and IIR was designed.Then the general technique of simulink modeling and simulation for continuous DRFM was proposed.The experiments using pulse radar,phase-coding modulated radar and linear frequency modulated radar as the emitters to be jammed were carried out.The result of simulation demonstrates the correctness of the analysis.


The present study of a qualitative and exploratory character seeks to ascertain in a school of the public school network of the Distrito Federal, which was honored with the National Award of Reference in School Management (Premio Nacional de Referencia em Gestao Escolar), what are the characteristics of the scholar community in a shared management model. Therefore, a bibliographical review was used for the purpose of clarifying the informative objectives upon which successful shared management would be characterized, emphasizing the main points to be pursued and the actions that would be most suitable for this characterization. In this study, it was observed the actions and, principally, the degree of participation of the actors (students, teachers, technical-administrative personnel, support staff, parents and community). The purpose was thus to revise the concepts presented or reaffirm them so as to concretize the models adopted and standards to be followed so that shared management achieves success and becomes a reality in all schools in Brazil.


The repair process,factors affecting batch size and its determination method are analyzed.Basing on the queue theory,a universal model of calculating the support equipment quantity under the condition of different sending policy is proposed and which is different from the routine method which is established on the base of one by one replenishing.Through the model the first difference and second difference of the number of support equipment and the batch size are analyzed and which are all have influence on the waiting time.In the end,the model is also used in a numerical study.


Purpose To explore how the implementation of the concept 'Home hospitalisation of heart patients' by means of telehomecare technology influences the integration of clinical tasks across healthcare sectors. Theory Inter-organisational theory. Methods The case study approach was applied. Triangulations of data collection techniques were used: documentary materials, participant observation, qualitative and focus group interviews. Results The clinical decision-making and task solving became multidisciplinary and integrated with the implementation of telehomecare and, therefore, complex in terms of the prescription and adjustment of patient medicine. Workflows between healthcare professionals across sectors changed from sequential to collective client flows. Pre-existing procedures for patient care, treatment, and responsibility were challenged. In addition, the number of tasks for the district nurses increased. Integration in the clinical task-solving area increases fragmentation in the knowledge technologies in a network perspective. Conclusions Implementing the concept of 'Home hospitalisation of heart patients' by means of telehomecare technology will result in a more integrated clinical task-solving process that involves healthcare professionals from various sectors. Overall, the integration of clinical tasks between hospital and district nursing will result in a direct benefit for the heart patients.


The purpose of this study is to verify the validity of a creativity measurement tool and to discover the creativity characteristics of creative gifted students by assessing the difference in the creativity characteristics of creative gifted students, who were selected from gifted students in elementary and middle schools through the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking(TTCT), according to school level and the type of the students (gifted student in mathematics, gifted student in science). To this research purpose, creative gifted students were selected by the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking(TTCT) on 594 students, who had applied for super gifted education, from 17 gifted students institutes under the jurisdiction of Jeollabukdo office of education, Then, t-tests and multiple regression analysis were performed to analyze the creativity factors between elementary students and middle school students and between mathematics-gifted students and science-gifted students. From the research, the following results were obtained. Although TTCT is effective in distinguishing gifted students with and without creativity, correlation coefficient values between creativity factors(the correlation coefficients between 'fluency' and 'originality' and between 'fluency' and 'elaboration' were .78 and .50 respectively) suggested the possibility of low uniqueness of creativity factors. In addition, compared with elementary students, middle school students showed significantly lower fluency (circles), elaboration(picture construction, picture completion), and the abstractness of titles(picture structure). In the meantime, science-gifted students displayed significantly higher originality(picture construction), and elaboration(picture construction, picture completion, circles) than mathematics-gifted students. Therefore, continuous study is required to enhance the validity of the test for the selection of creativity gifted students. Besides, efforts should be made to find ways to enhance the creativity of gifted students and to resolve the problem of decreasing creativity with student academic level increasing.


PROOF-BASED SYSTEM ENGINEERING FOR COMPUTING SYSTEMSGerard Le LannINRIA, Projet REFLECS, BP 105F-78153 Le Chesnay Cedex, FranceE-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com: +18.104.22.168.92ABSTRACTWe introduce basic principles that underlie a scientific approach to system engineering for computing systems. This approachis based upon fulfilling proof obligations, notably establishing proofs that system design and system dimensioning decisionsare correct, before embarking on the implementation or the fielding of a computing system. A proof-based system engineeringmethod which has been applied to diverse projects involving real-time distributed fault-tolerant computing systems is alsopresented. Lessons learned are reported. Furthermore, we elaborate on why proof-based system engineering helps in slashingproject delays and budgets.1. INTRODUCTIONA study conducted by the Standish Group [Ref. 1] confirms that a very large percentage of projects involving computingtechnology are unsuccessful. Most projects are significantly delayed, or are cancelled, or entail costs much higher thananticipated, or result into operational failures. A first question is "Why is it so?". A second question is "What is being doneto successfully address the customers defined ABC (Asap, Better, Cheaper) challenge?".Over the last 10 years, INRIA's Projet REFLECS has contributed to a number of audits, responses to invitations-to-tender,design work for real-time distributed fault-tolerant computing systems. This is how we came to realize that system engineering- denoted SE - currently is the weakest (i.e., the least rigorous) of all those engineering disciplines covered by what the IEEEComputer Society refers to as the Engineering of Computer-Based Systems [Ref. 2]. Indeed - and contrary to widespreadbelief in certain circles - the dominant cause of project setbacks and operational failures is not poor software (S/W)engineering practice. This view is being shared by a growing number of experts, and supported by detailed and extensivestudies, such as, e.g. [Refs. 3, 4]. This is also the rationale that underlies the INCOSE initiative (see [Ref. 5] for anintroduction).Hence, the answer to the first question is "Poor SE practice". The answer to the second question is "Not much". This maysound a bit harsh. Let's face it: if we are to successfully meet the ABC challenge, we must admit that time has come for drasticchanges in SE methods, processes and tools directed at computing systems. This is very much comparable to the "10Xchanges" or "strategic inflection points" identified in the IC industry [Ref. 6].As is the case with every mature engineering discipline, SE for computing systems has to build upon sciences. For instance,let us consider the body of knowledge that has been accumulated over the last 25 years by the research community in computerscience. It is reasonably straightforward to conclude that a large fraction of those system engineering problems faced by theindustry have solutions readily available. To be more specific, there are many architectural and algorithmic problems that haveprovably optimal or correct solutions, notably in the areas of real-time computing, distributed computing, and fault-tolerantcomputing. However, only a small subset of these solutions have so far translated into commercial, off-the-shelf (COTS)products or operational computing systems.We believe that proof-based SE - introduced in section 2 - is the privileged vehicle to successfully meet the ABC challenge.This belief is supported by a number of experiments and feasibility studies, which are reported in section 3. In section 4, weexplain why proof-based SE circumvents those weaknesses that plague current SE methods and processes.2. WHAT IS PROOF-BASED SYSTEM ENGINEERING2.1 IntroductionWith proof-based SE, one seeks to solve system engineering problems arising with computing systems in much the same wayengineering problems are solved in such well established disciplines as, e.g., civil engineering or electrical engineering, thatis by "exploiting" scientific results. Indeed, before they undertake the construction of a dam or the electrical cabling of abuilding, engineers draw plans first (design) and check that plans are correct (proofs). Why would it be different when it comesto computing systems?


The introduction of novel agents and combination treatments in multiple myeloma (MM) has dramatically improved overall response rates and quality of responses including rates of complete and near complete response (CR/nCR) and very good partial response (VGPR). There is emerging evidence that achieving at least ≥90% disease reduction (≥ VGPR) at some point of treatment is associated with improved outcome and longer survival. Therefore, there is a need to identify patients who will likely achieve this level of reduction of disease and therefore who will have a higher likelihood of benefiting from the specific treatments. In the current study, we evaluated GEP of MM cells obtained from patients who were enrolled in a phase II clinical trial of the frontline therapy with a combination with bortezomib (Velcade), liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil) and dexamethasone (VDD). The primary objective of this research is to develop predictive biomarkers of response to VDD by identifying GEP of patient who achieve ≥ VGPR. Forty newly diagnosed patients were enrolled in the trial. The regimen was given for six 3-week cycles as follows: Velcade at 1.3 mg/m2 on days 1, 4, 8, and 11, Doxil at 30 mg/m2 on day 4, and dexamethasone at 40 mg on days 1–4 for the first 10 patients and for the remaining patients at 20 mg on days of Velcade and the day after. Updated results from 40/40 evaluable patients show 93% partial response rate (≥ PR) with 43% CR/nCR and 63% > VGPR (Jakubowiak et al., IMW 2007, Abstract PO-721). Bone marrow aspirates were obtained before therapy from patients who had given an optional consent for research samples. MM cells were negatively selected using RossetteSep myeloma antibody cocktail. Gene expression profiling was performed with 20 samples using Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 microarray, of which 19 samples were evaluable. These samples were classified based on the modified uniform response criteria with an addition of nCR and minor response (MR) (Durie et al, Leukemia 2006;20:1467) as either ≥ VGPR, (includes VGPR and CR/nCR), or <VGPR (includes PR and MR). There were 9 samples classified as ≥VGPR and 10 samples that were <VGPR. GEP analysis revealed 166 genes that were differentially expressed in patients with ≥ VGPR compared with patients with <VGPR (p < 0.001). Further analysis indicated that many of these genes may play a role in cell cycle control, signal transduction, apoptosis, and gene transcription. We plan a comparison of GEP signatures of patients with ≥ VGPR to VDD with those identified in the APEX studies for Velcade alone. The study described here provides evidence that GEPs of samples derived from patients before treatment is a useful tool in clinical trials to prospectively evaluate MM patients for individualized therapy with the goal of minimizing toxicity and maximizing efficacy.


The taxonomic status is clarified for the lycaenine taxon Chrysophanus phoenicurus transcaucasicus Miller, 1923 described from one male collected in eastern Turkey and currently treated within the genus Athamanthia Zhdanko, 1983. Based on the appearance and morphology of the male genitalia compared with A. phoenicurus (Lederer, 1870), it is recognized here as a separate species, A. transcaucasica (Miller, 1923), stat. nov. (= Lycaena melicertes Nekrutenko, 1985). Its holotype is lost, and a neotype is designated herein from recent material collected near the type locality to retain nomenclatural stability. A key to the species of the A. phoenicurus group based on wings pattern and male genitalia is presented.


Abstract Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. (1919) is an important medical resource distributed across subtropical Asia. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of C. brachiata was sequenced, revealing a total length of 162,460 bp, including four regions – a large single copy (89,814 bp), a small single copy (18,804 bp), and a pair of inverted repeats (26,921 bp each). The overall guanine + cytosine content was 35.76%. In total, 130 genes were annotated within the chloroplast genome, comprising 85 protein-coding, 37 tRNA, and 8 rRNA genes. Subsequent phylogenetic analyses revealed that C. brachiata is closely related to Carallia diplopetala.


The study on separation of slag and titanium from high-titanium blast furnace slag in a steel plant was performed,the process of preparation of metatitanic acid crystallization powder with separation agent NaOH was determined,effective utilization of blast furnace slag containing titanium was realized.The titanium,silicon and aluminum oxide in blast furnace slag containing titanium generates sodium salts containing oxygen after reacting with NaOH at high temperature,then,through water leaching and acid washing,metatitanic acid crystallization can be obtained.The test results showed that the temperature obviously influenced the separation effects when adding the same amounts of separation agents,the optimal effects could be obtained,and the amounts of metatitanic acid could reach maximum when the ratio of slag to separation agent was 50 to 33,roasting at 1 350℃.


The PA66-based composites containing dispersible nano-SiO2 (DNS) were prepared in a twin-screw extruder by melt compounding. The microstructures of dispersible nano-SiO2/PA66 composites were investigated by means of TEM and XRD, and the non-isothermal crystallization behavior was studied through Jeziorny method and Mo method based on DSC analysis. The results showed that the dispersion of DNS was uniform in PA66 matrix, which could be related to surface structure of dispersible nano-SiO2. It was found from the study of the non-isothermal crystallization kinetics that dispersible nano-SiO2 possessed a heterogeneous nucleation capability in PA66 matrix, and its addition could hinder the motion of PA66 molecular chain, lower the crystallization temperature, and prolong the crystallization time of PA66. In addition, the activation energies for non-isothermal crystallization of neat PA66 and composites were also evaluated by the Kissinger method. The result showed that the activation energies of dispersible nano-SiO2/PA66 composites were higher than that of neat PA66.


Fluorite is an important mineral used mainly to produce hydrofluoric acid. This mineral requires flotation valorization. To improve this technique, it is so important to understand its adsorption physicochemical mechanism involved. Therefore, the objective of this work is to investigate an experimental study of tannic acid adsorption on fluorite surface. Obtained results allowed firstly to achieve optimal particle size. These results were then exploited to determine tannic acid adsorption mechanism onto fluorite by isotherm modelling.


Abstract THE avian kidney is more efficient in the elimination of nitrogenous waste than the mammalian kidney (Sturkie, 1965). The main advantage is that less water is used in the excretion of uric acid, the major nitrogenous product of birds, than is required in the excretion of urea the chief constituent of mammalian urine. Another factor in water conservation of birds is the relatively high production of metabolic water in proportion to body size (Bartholomew and Cade, 1963). Conversely, birds have a higher rate of evaporative water loss than do most animals. Sufficient research has been conducted to determine the normal water requirements of domestic fowl. Several researchers have reported a water to feed ratio for chickens of about 2 ml. of water consumed per gram of feed consumed. Wilson (1948) and Wilson et al. (1957) found that an increase in environmental temperature caused an increase in water consumption. Joiner and . . .


Abstract The dynamic re-programming of embedded systems is a long-standing problem in the field. With the advent of wireless sensor networks and the 'Internet of Things' it has now become necessary to be able to reprogram at run-time due to the difficulty of gaining access to such systems once deployed. The issues of power consumption, flexibility, and operating system protections are examined for a range of approaches, and a critical comparison is given. A combination of approaches is recommended for the implementation of real-world systems and areas where further work is required are highlighted.


ABSTRACT The Republic of India stands as one of the most pluralistic nations in the modern world, with many people of varying faiths co-existing under one national identity. Part of the origin of this pluralism can be traced back to when Muhammad bin Qasim established a Muslim presence in the subcontinent of India by conquering the Sindh province in modern Pakistan in 713.[1] About three centuries later, Muslim rule would be established in Northern India under Qutb-ud-din Aibak, who founded the Delhi Sultanate in 1206 under the Mamluk dynasty. The Delhi Sultanate, which would last until 1526, is known as a period of cultural intermixing.


The paper studies convergence and the rates of convergence of nonparametric identification procedures based on the Hermite series regression estimate for three classes of block oriented systems: a cascade of nonlinear memoryless systems, Hammerstein systems and Wiener systems.<<ETX>>


We present photoconductive emitters and detectors for radially and azimuthally polarized terahertz beams. Microstructured electrodes consisting of concentric rings serve as antennas for radially polarized beams. Electrode patterns consisting of radially arranged segments are employed for the antennas for azimuthally polarized beams. A second periodic structure is used to prevent destructive interference of THz wavelets of opposite polarization. Beam profiles are detected for divergent beams in proximity to the emitter as well as for refocused beams. The THz beams have a donut-like intensity distribution and the beam profiles can be quantitatively described as lowest order Bessel- Gauss modes. Furthermore we demonstrate that detection antennas of similar patterning are selective for detection of particular modes.


Let ${\mathfrak g}$ be a complex simple Lie algebra with Borel subalgebra ${\mathfrak b}$. Consider the semidirect product $I{\mathfrak b}={\mathfrak b}\ltimes{\mathfrak b}^*$, where the dual ${\mathfrak b}^*$ of ${\mathfrak b}$, is equipped with the coadjoint action of ${\mathfrak b}$ and is considered as an abelian ideal of $I{\mathfrak b}$. We describe the automorphism group ${\operatorname{Aut}}(I{\mathfrak b})$ of the Lie algebra $I{\mathfrak b}$. In particular we prove that it contains the automorphism group of the extended Dynkin diagram of ${\mathfrak b}$. In type $A_n$, the dihedral subgroup was recently proved to be contained in ${\operatorname{Aut}}(I{\mathfrak b})$ by Dror Bar-Natan and Roland Van Der Veen in arXiv:2002.00697 (where $I{\mathfrak b}$ is denoted by $I{\mathfrak u}_n$). Their construction is handmade and they ask for an explanation: this note fully answers the question.


0000-0002-3839-3976 Аннотация. Постановка . Summary. Raising of problem . Synthetic water-soluble cationic polymers are promising components of speed regulators and industrial metal plating of corrosion inhibitors due to their high efficiency, stability of the compound, low toxicity and biodegradability. However, the compounds of this class contain a large number of hydrophilic groups, oligomers limiting adsorption capacity for metals. An alternative way to increase the adsorption capacity of cationic oligomers may be grafted functional groups which specifically interact with the metal surface. Results . Obtained the extreme dependence of the free energy of adsorption of modified cationic polyelectrolyte on the degree of grafting and aromatic carboxyl functional groups on the zinc and iron electrodes .. Installed growth modified organic adsorbate interaction with the metal surface with increasing degree of grafting of functional groups. Results Reduction of macromolecules squeezing solvent in the phase boundary as the degree of grafting of functional groups due to increased hydrophilic macromolecules. The maximal inhibitory action at zinc and iron corrosion in neutral and acidic environments polyelectrolytes exhibit modified aromatic groups. The observed effect is due mainly to steric inhibition factor. Purpose. the study of influence of the substituents and their degree of grafting on the adsorption properties of ingibiting cationic polyelectrolyte. Conclusion . A significant increase in the inhibitory effect of phthalic anhydride-modified polyelectrolyte compared to. Thus, in the modification of cationic oligomers phthalic anhydride can significantly increase their adsorption and inhibitory properties.


Abstract In this work, we investigate the crucial effect of Er dopant on structural, morphological and optical properties of BiVO4 prepared by one-step sonochemical process. The Er doping content was varied from 0% to 10%. The structural and morphological characterization were performed by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. XRD and Raman spectra reveal the structural transition from monoclinic to tetragonal structure induced by Er dopant. Optical properties of the prepared samples were investigated by diffuse reflectance technique and the corresponding optical band gaps were calculated indicating two optical band gaps of two major phases of the doped samples. The Er dopant has highly influence on an enhancement in photocatalytic performance under visible irradiation of BiVO4 as doping content is 8%. This improved performance could be due to the size reduction and morphological change due to phase transformation induced by Er dopant accompanying mixture of optical band gaps that can assist the retardment of electron-hole pair recombination.


This book looks at the problems and opportunities of a switchover of skills, equipment, and other resources from military purposes to civilian uses, with particular reference to recent events in Eastern Europe. In Part 1 the author surveys the extent of the military economy and suggests that its different components imply distinct adjustment needs. This is followed by a look at the principal approaches to the economic adjustment problem - i.e. diversification, spin-off and conversion. In Part 2 the adjustment experiences of the world's three leading military producers - China, the Soviet Union and the United States are examined, while in parts 3 and 4 the centrepiece of the study, the European military economies are analyzed. In country by country sections Part 4 profiles the adjustment discussion and experience in 14 East and West European countries. Part 5 contains a discussion of the broader policy framework required to make economic adjustment a successful undertaking. The annex is divided into three sections, the first part lists selected conversion initiatives in a number of European countries, the second provides an international address list of individuals and organizations involved in economic adjustment issues, while the third is a selected bibliography covering publications from each of the countries covered.


The author of the article notes that self-education and self-realisation through the cultural component are becoming an important social value and the ability for culture-consistent self-improvement is turning to be the purport of pedagogics. Theoretic theses are supported by the data of the conducted research, which reflects the interdisciplinary approach to studying and transformation of the pedagogical reality. The article was written with the backing of the project «Humanitarian knowledge in forming of a future technician».


The— origins of Molecular Biology are partly due to a process of "physicalism in Biology". This process allowed criteria, characteristic to modern science, for empirical scientificity and rigorous quantification to be established. This paper sought out to lay the


Characteristics of Streamflow at ungaged sites in coal-mining areas of the Cumberland Plateau may be estimated with regression equations that relate streamflow characteristics to the physiographic and climatic charac teristics of the corresponding drainage basins . An experiment was performed to compare the accuracy of equations using basin characteristics derived from maps and climatological records (control group equations) with the accuracy of equations using basin characteristics derived from digital processing of Landsat spectral data as well as maps and climatological records (experimental group equations) . Results of this experiment show that (with the exception of low flows and four of six annual peak logarithms) drainage area can explain more than 90 percent of the variance in all streamflow characteristics in both groups of equations . Seventeen of 39 experimental group equations that have two basin characteristics each are different from the corresponding control group equations . Five of the 17 differing experimental group equations have no counterpart in the control group because of lack of significance in control group basin characteristics, seven are slightly more accurate, and five are not measurably different in accuracy . When the equations in both groups are arranged into six flow categories, there is no substantial difference in accuracy between equations using basin characteristics derived from maps and climatological records (control group) and equations using basin characteristics derived from Landsat tapes as well as maps and climatological records (experimental group) for this particular study area, the Cumberland Plateau of Tennessee .


Given that individuals with eating disorders are typically ambivalent about changing their eating patterns, what approach is msot helpful in working with this challenging group'? This research compared the responses of clients with eating disorders and those of care providers to written clinical vignettes. All participants rated collaborative interventions as snore acceptable and more likely to produce positive clinical outcomes than directive interventions. In addition, clients who were. least ready for change rated directive interventions as less acceptable and less likely to produce adherence than did clients who were more ready. Despite participants' clear preference for collaborative interventions, directive interventions were rated as equally likely to occur. The implications of participant preferences and reasons that these preferences may not he reflected in actual clinical practice are addressed.


Motivated by problems in scanning near-field optical microscopy, we discuss light propagation in circular dielectric waveguides with finite aluminum cladding. In order to understand the origin of the different solutions, optical modes are first investigated for the dielectric waveguide with infinite aluminum cladding and for the aluminum cylinder. For aluminum a plasma dispersion law is assumed, leading to complex dielectric constants with negative real parts and to generally complex propagation constants. The dependence of the dispersion on the geometry and on the frequency is discussed for the various kinds of modes. We find that the existence of most of the modes is limited to certain frequencies and geometries, i.e., the solutions have a cutoff in the complex propagation constant plane. Contrary to dielectric waveguide theory, where cutoff describes the abrupt transition from propagating to evanescent modes, no other solution is generated when cutoff of a mode is reached. Surface modes and other kinds of modes, such as guided or bulk modes, can either couple between each other or transform into each other.


This work presents the extension of the ANSWICAP method to the computerized generation of the symbolic transfer function of digital filters. Its usefulness is illustrated with some concrete examples.


Crude lactase (β‐galactosidase) preparations of Penicillium notatum 1 were obtained from the culture supernate by means of concentration under reduced pressure, freeze‐drying, fractional precipitation with alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol) and acetone, ammonium sulfate salting out, and ultrafiltration. The last three methods of enzyme recovery from the post‐culture fluid yielded the best results in regard to specific and overall activities of the enzymatic preparations.


A problem which the present invention addresses is to provide a semiconductor light-emitting device with which, in addition to an improved light emission efficiency, a color rendering property improvement is implemented. This semiconductor light-emitting device comprises a cut filter which absorbs short wavelength light of 430nm or less, and transmits light of wavelengths longer than 430nm. In a spectrum of light which the semiconductor light-emitting device outputs, the light emission peak intensity for a discharge light of the semiconductor light-emitting element is 50% or less of the maximum intensity of the spectrum, allowing solving the problem.


Aims: The paper empirically investigated the effect of mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards on earnings predictability of deposit money banks and insurance firms.
Study Design: It adopted ex post facto research design.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Nigeria and covered the period 2008 to 2014.
Methodology: The study used 196 firm-year observations obtained from annual reports of the deposit money banks and insurance firms quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. It formulated two hypotheses and tested the hypotheses using random effect model of Generalized Least Square Method.
Results: The regression results revealed that the mandatory adoption of IFRS did not improve earnings predictability of firms in the services sector, based on earnings and cash flows. The results also showed that the earnings predictability in the post mandatory IFRS adoption period was not significantly different between DMBs and insurance firms.
Conclusions: Nigeria has relatively short IFRS experience and preparers are still contending with several evolving issues. The paper recommends sustained training for both the preparers, users and regulators so as to improve financial reporting and consequently enhance earnings predictability.


The potential of by selection sharing encrypted knowledge with totally different users via public cloud storage might greatly ease security issues over unintended knowledge leaks within the cloud. A key challenge to coming up with such coding schemes lies within the economical management of coding keys. the specified flexibility of sharing any cluster of chosen documents with any cluster of users demands totally different coding keys to be used for various documents. However, this additionally implies the requirement of firmly distributing to users an outsized variety of keys for each coding and search, and people users can got to firmly store the received keys, associate degreed submit an equally sizable amount of keyword trapdoors to the cloud so as to perform search over the shared data. The tacit want for secure communication, storage, and complexness clearly renders the approach impractical. during this paper, we have a tendency to address this sensible downside, that is essentially neglected within the literature, by proposing the novel conception of key combination searchable coding (KASE) and instantiating the conception through a concrete KASE theme, during which an information owner solely must distribute one key to a user for sharing an outsized variety of documents, and therefore the user solely must submit one trapdoor to the cloud for querying the shared documents. the protection analysis and performance analysis each ensure that our planned schemes square measure incontrovertibly secure and much economical.


Includes references. Review(s) of: Tom and Jack: a Frontier Story by Geraldine Byrne, Fremantle Arts Centre Press, Fremantle, 2003, 303 pp, ISBN 1920731075.


Recently we demonstrated a relation between uropepsinogen excretion and experimental gastric ulcers in the rat (Coppi, Bonardi & Gaetani, 1971). We now report the pepsin activity of the stomach tissue of normal rats, of rats with reserpine or phenylbutazone-induced ulcers and in ulcerated rats also treated with atropine or oxyphencyclimine. Male or female Sprague-Dawley rats, 160-170 g, had gastric ulcers produced by reserpine or phenylbutazone (Coppi & others, 1971). Groups of normal rats or with reserpineor phenylbutazone-induced ulcers were treated orally with atropine sulphate or oxyphencyclimine (hydrochloride) both suspended in 5 % acacia gum. The stomachs were removed 18 h after the reserpine or the last phenylbutazone dose, washed in running water, dried between filter paper, weighed, homogenized (1 %) in 0 . 0 6 ~ HC1 by a blender (Somall Omni-Mixer) and used for pepsin assay (Anson, 1963). A portion of this homogenate was centrifuged at 3000 rev/min for 20 min


A hyperbolic model for diffusion, nonlinear transport (or advection) and production of a scalar quantity, is considered. The model is based on a constitutive law of Cattaneo-Maxwell type expressing non-Fickian diffusion by means of a relaxation time relation. The production or source term is assumed to be of logistic type. This paper studies the existence and spectral stability properties of spatially periodic traveling wave solutions to this system. It is shown that a family of subcharacteristic periodic waves emerges from a local Hopf bifurcation around a critical value of the wave speed. These waves have bounded fundamental period and small-amplitude. In addition, it is shown that these waves are spectrally unstable as solutions to the hyperbolic system. For that purpose, it is proved that the Floquet spectrum of the linearized operator around a wave can be approximated by a linear operator whose point spectrum intersects the unstable half plane of complex numbers with positive real part.


This invention relates to an auxiliary end face grinding and polishing device for bars, and the auxiliary end face grinding and polishing device is used for grinding and polishing the end faces of the bars during glass fiber quality detection. The auxiliary end face grinding and polishing device comprises a base and bar fixing mechanisms. The base is mounted on a protective cover of a rotary grinding and polishing platform. At least two countersinks are symmetrically formed in the center of the base. The lower edges of the countersinks are separated from a rotary polishing platform of the rotary grinding and polishing platform, and the separation distance is far smaller than the length of the bars. Each bar fixing mechanism comprises a bar fixing seat and a pre-compressing piece. Each bar fixing mechanism is arranged corresponding to one countersink and matched with the countersink. A limiting inner hole is formed in the middle of each bar fixing seat and is a through hole. The surface of the outer side of each bar fixing seat is connected with the corresponding countersink in a threaded manner. The bars are arranged in the limiting inner holes in the bar fixing seats. The diameter of the end faces of the bars is slightly smaller than the pore diameter of the limiting inner holes. The pre-compressing pieces press the bars in the limiting inner holes to the rotary polishing platform of the rotary grinding and polishing platform.


This study was designed to determine whether or not creative writing prior to "high-stakes" mathematics examinations was affective in reducing mathematics stress, anxiety, and/or worry. The participants chosen for the study were 26 sixth grade students in a middle school mathematics class. All participants were assigned to either a High Anxiety or Low Anxiety distinction based on an anxiety survey requiring students to rank the level of math anxiety they felt in various mathematics scenarios. Participants were then screened for mathematics ability by scores on standardized and district mathematics exams, and assigned to experimental and control conditions. Results were comprised of individual test scores on two high stakes exams, and analyzed specifically for growth across two installments of each exam. Analysis of growth scores showed that exposure to the experimental creative writing condition was successful for some


We infiltrate the ASIC development chain by inserting a small denial-of-service (DoS) hardware Trojan at the fabrication design phase into an existing VLSI circuit, thereby simulating an adversary at a semiconductor foundry. Both the genuine and the altered ASICs have been fabricated using a 180 nm CMOS process. The Trojan circuit adds an overhead of only 0.5% to the original design. In order to detect the hardware Trojan, we perform side-channel analyses and apply IC-fingerprinting techniques using templates, principal component analysis (PCA), and support vector machines (SVMs). As a result, we were able to successfully identify and classify all infected ASICs from non-infected ones. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first hardware Trojan manufactured as an ASIC and has successfully been analyzed using side channels.


Alginate is one of the natural biopolymers that is widely used for drug formulations, combination of alginate with other polymers, such as gum acacia, pectin, and carrageenan can increase mechanical strength, therefore, can reduce leakage of the encapsulated active pharmaceutical ingredient from the polymer matrix. Interaction of alginate and these polymers can occur via intermolecular hydrogen bonds causing synergism, which is determined from the viscosity of polymer mixture.
Alginate was combined with gum acacia/pectin/carrageenan in different blending ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100) with and without addition of CaCl2. The synergism effect is obtained from the design of experimental (DoE), and calculation the percentage value of viscosity deviation viscosity synergism index, then the strength of gel was analyzed. The interaction between two polymers was observed using FTIR spectroscopy.
In distilled water, the synergistic effect was found in the combination of alginate-carrageenan at ratios 25:75 and 50:50. Otherwise, in CaCl2 solution, synergistic effect appears in alginate-gum acacia (75:25), alginate-pectin (50:50 and 75:25), and alginate-carrageenan (50:50 and 75:25). The synergistic effect and strength of gel polymers increased, with the addition of CaCl2.


Brick-red episyenites are found in an outlier of Proterozoic-age rocks on the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge in central New Mexico. The term episyenite is used to describe altered rocks that were desilicified and metasomatized by alkali-rich fluids. Similar episyenites are found elsewhere in New Mexico and southern Colorado and are thought to be part of a Cambrian-Ordovician magmatic event that is documented throughout southern Colorado and New Mexico. Unlike episyenites in the Caballo and Burro Mountains, which contains moderate to high concentrations of rare earth elements (REE), uranium, and thorium; the episyenites in the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge have no economic potential. 255


A lot of unavoidable distorted points often appear in the measuring of indicator diagram (ID). This paper presented three fast algorithms for distorted point attenuated method, and one of which, the single point replaced algorithm was applied to process the simulated ID and the tested ID. The results show that these algorithms for distorted point attenuated method can attenuate the distorted points fast in ID without any new errors and they are new and useful processing methods.


Organizational development requires human resources. Professional organizations manage systems and organizational mechanisms of existing resources to support flexible responses of change. As one of the service industries with a very complex business process, hospitals certainly have a quite large potential for optimization and efficiency improvements. This study was conducted in South Sulawesi and Central Sulawesi Province's hospitals. The study lasted for 6 six months in 2019. The sampling was done using the cluster method and stratified random sampling based on hospital type and level of health officers. The data analysis approach used for this research was Partial Least Square (PLS) using WarpPLS software. The results show that emotional intelligence significantly and positively affected the conflict team with a path coefficient value of 0.668 and a p-value <0.05. Emotional intelligence can create management and self-control of conflicts in teamwork and encourage a high level of customer attention.


A vibration galvanometer with a number of elements of Campbell type tuned in succession to cover a range of acoustical frequency is described. It is necessary to keep the tension of an element sufficiently large, in order to have only one mode of vibration within the range of frequency and to have greatest sensitivity and stability in tuning. Tuning, which must be principally dependent on length and thickness of suspension for a given coil, is carried out by means of an electrical oscillating circuit, adjustable in frequency. An improved design is described. These instruments are very insensitive to mechanical shock.


The ever increasing use of high-strength materials and advanced technologies in surface ship structural design requires a very careful and systematic analysis to insure that levels of safety are maintained. This is much more easily said than done. The application of new technologies will not allow extrapolation of existing design criteria. Due to the uncertainties involved with future loading conditions, material properties, quality of workmanship in construction, and the limitations in numerical methods of analysis, the absolute safety of a structure cannot be established. It would therefore seem appropriate to use methods of analysis which would attempt to account for the various uncertainties and which allow the designer to limit the risk of unacceptable consequences. Estimation of this risk, even if used only to compare design alternatives, can be a useful and economical tool.

Structural reliability has its roots in the fields of civil and aerospace engineering and has made great strides forward in the last decade. Many methods have been proposed to evaluate the risk of structural failure. These methods include: first order second moment (FOSM), advanced second moment (ASM), and Monte Carlo simulation using both conditional expectation and antithetic variates techniques for variance reduction. All of these methods consider the type of the problem, the various parameters involved, and the uncertainties associated with these parameters. In estimating the risk, the uncertainties are modeled as random variables with mean values, variance, and probability density and distribution functions. Each method uses this information in a different manner, involving some assumptions and limitations.

In this paper we evaluate the available methods as to their suitability for estimating the risk of structural failure in ships. The merits and shortcomings of each method are discussed and each is then used to solve a simple example problem. The most effective method is chosen for more advanced work in this field.


This review emphasizes that the yield of the end products of chemical (biocatalytic) reactions in the two-phase system can, in principle, be much higher than in either medium (water or organic solvent) separately. A theoretical analysis of this phenomenon is presented and exemplified by some simple reactions.


Surgical thyroid diseases are common in our population, which often present with common presentations. The commonest include neck swelling, either causing a gross distorted neck appearance, or just mild smooth-surfaced asymmetry elevations at paratracheal regions. In can be the swelling in isolation, or combined with the readily exist complication of the mass effect itself [1,2]. On the other hand, physiologically abnormal function of thyroid gland can be detected more readily, based on the typical hyperthyroid or hypothyroid symptoms and signs. Most of the cases that we have encountered with rare presentations are from the malignant lesion, even though benign counterpart is also possible. These cases presented with no neck mass at the usual thyroid locations. Usually it manifest as a sole presentation and only subsequent work-up reveal its thyroid in origin.


Antenatal Iron‐Folic Acid (IFA) supplementation prevents iron deficiency anemia and its consequences, but results on program effectiveness has been lacking. CARE's INHP‐II was designed to improve the quality of government health care services. Here we assess the impact of antenatal IFA supplementation among mothers of children 0–23 months of age. Baseline and endline surveys were conducted in one intervention (I) and one comparison (C) district each of Andhra Pradesh (AP) and Uttar Pradesh (UP) in early 2004 and 2006. There were ~2500 mothers in each of the districts in both AP and UP. Receipt of any IFA increased in both districts (AP‐I: 41 to 55%; UP‐I: 63 to 76%) compared to no change in comparison districts (75% and 55% respectively) (p<0.05). Among women who received any IFA, receipt of ≥90 IFA was unchanged at 26–32% in both AP districts, but increased in UP‐I (50 to 65%) relative to no change in UP‐C (53%). Consumption of ≥90 IFA was low at baseline (6–8%) and increased to 18% at endline in both AP districts. However, consumption doubled in UP‐I (15 to 36%) relative to UP‐C (13 to 19%) (p<0.05). Consumption of all IFA received increased by 33% in AP‐I and 20% in UP‐I relative to modest increases in AP‐C (22%) and UP‐C (10%) (p<0.05). Further efforts are needed to achieve higher levels of ≥90 IFA coverage and consumption.


An innovative planner in-band full duplexing antenna with quasi-isotropic radiation pattern is proposed for the first time in this article for Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart home and intravehicle wireless communication applications. The antenna consists of a radiating patch, a fence-strip resonator (FSR), and a ground plane with the same size as the radiating patch. The fence in the FSR located in the center plane of the patch has the function of simultaneously acting as a part of the resonator to improve the isolation between the transmitting port and the receiving port and as an electric current source for radiating a quasi-isotropic pattern. When the FSR resonates, a quasi-TEM field is formed mainly concentrated in the half of the antenna. The magnetic field generates surface electric current on the fence, and the electric field generates surface magnetic current on the open-ended aperture. The surface electric current and the surface magnetic current are not only orthogonal to each other but also have a phase difference of 90°. Theoretical analysis is provided to clarify the mechanism by which such a combination of radiation sources can generate a quasi-isotropic radiation pattern. To verify the proposed concepts, a high port isolation full duplexing antenna with quasi-isotropic radiation pattern is designed and fabricated, which has a compact size of $0.28\,\,\lambda _{0} \times 0.28 \lambda _{0}\times 0.042 {\lambda }_{0}$ ( ${\lambda }_{0}$ is the free space wavelength at 2.45 GHz). A measured isolation greater than 24 dB is achieved over the operating band from 2.42 to 2.50 GHz. The measurement results also show that the gain variation (GV) of port1 and port2 on the entire virtual radiation spherical surface is less than 6.88 and 6.74 dB, respectively.


This paper presents an analysis methodology for the calculation of the flow through internal flow components with a rotating wall such as annular seals, impeller cavities and enclosed rotating disks. These flow systems are standard components in gas turbines and cryogenic engines and are characterized by subsonic viscous flow and elliptic pressure effects. The Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations for turbulent flow are used to model swirling axisymmetric flow. Bulk-flow or velocity profile assumptions aren't required. Turbulence transport is assumed to be governed by the standard two-equation high Reynolds number turbulence model. A low Reynolds number turbulence model is also used for comparison purposes. The high Reynolds number turbulence model is found to be more practical. A novel treatment of the radial/swirl equation source terms is developed and used to provide enhanced convergence. Homogeneous wall roughness effects are accounted for. To verify the analysis methodology, the flow through Yamada seals, an enclosed rotating disk, and a rotating disk in a housing with throughflow are calculated. The calculation results are compared to experimental data. The calculated results show good agreement with the experimental results.Copyright © 1989 by ASME


Simultaneous acceleration of several beams in the same machine by several RF fields of slightly different frequencies was already considered a long time ago1,2). As they rotate at different frequencies, the bunches will periodically coincide in azimuth, thus producing beams of high local line density. Bunches rotating at different frequencies can be produced either outside the machine (e. g. in the injector) or even inside by appropriate modulation of the RF cavities. These techniques will be used in the p-p¿ project at CERN. A high line-density proton beam, necessary for antiproton production, is obtained in the CPS by azimuthal combination, either at the injection or at the ejection level. On the other hand, the antiproton bunches in the SPS must be azimuthally combined before storage in order to achieve the design luminosity. Computer simulation and RF manipulations of these procedures, as well as experimental results already obtained at the CPS, are presented.


Electrocardiograms (ECGs) record the activity of the heart through electrodes placed on the patient's skin. Cardiological contraction is caused by changes in electrical potential in the hearts muscle cells; electrical activity that the body conducts to its surface. Although it is altered by the intervening tissue, the resulting signal at the skin accurately reflects the cardiological cycle and can be used to identify any anatomical and physiological anomalies in a completely non-invasive manner.


Welding studies were conducted on boron-aluminum (B/AI) composites to observe the effects of gas tungsten-arc welding on the boron reinforcing f i laments and aluminum matrix. The objective of this investigation was to determine the basic potential of arc welding B/AI composites for possible structural applications. Microstructural observations after welding revealed matrix fusion without apparent boron f i lament damage. Analysis of weld metal regions indicated that aluminum fil ler metal additions intermixed w i th the matrix and altered its chemical composition. It is concluded that arc welding of B/AI composites may be possible by control of welding energy input.


Sheets of frontal or occipital cerebral cortex were taken from embryonic day (E) 15 rat embryos and placed in shallow depressions made in the occipitoparietal region of newborn rats. These transplants developed normal patterns of lamination, which could be in an inverted orientation if the transplant itself was placed upside down. Irrespective of the cortical area of origin of the grafted tissue, the transplants consistently received projections from those host thalamic nuclei that were normally found to innervate the adjacent host cortex. This indicates that immature cortical tissue, up to at least E15, may not contain the information necessary to define the specific thalamocortical connections characteristic of individual areas. On the contrary, the observed input pattern may be the result of sprouting of fibers that normally innervated host cortical regions adjacent to the transplant. Similarly, callosal afferents to transplants seemed to be a direct extension of the callosal input to the host cortex immediately beneath the transplant.


With an expanding global population fuelling the need for housing and infrastructure, natural sand is being extracted at an increasing rate. As a result of over-exploration, river sand is in short supply in many parts of the world and the construction industry faces difficulties in achieving targets. This warrants the need for alternatives to river sand to bridge the gap between demand and supply. The present study reveals the use of Palm Oil Clinker, a waste byproduct from palm oil industry, as an alternative material to fine aggregate in concrete production. The primary objective of this study is to conduct compressive strength test on M30 concrete for palm oil clinker replacement proportions of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% by weight of fine aggregate. The 7 day and 28 day compressive strength tests were conducted on concrete cube specimens to obtain the optimal percentage replacement. The results indicated that the concrete specimens containing up to 20% palm oil clinker by weight of fine aggregate showed higher compressive strength development than traditional concrete.


We propose a new method for preparing Heusler alloys on the basis of the electrodeposition. The alloy composition is controllable by the deposition potential. The composition ratio of (Co, Fe) and Sn is inversely proportional to the deposition potential. The effect of deposition potential on alloy composition, surface morphology, crystal structure, and magnetic properties of the samples was investigated. The (Co, Fe) vs. Sn alloy composition displayed an inverse dependence on the deposition potential. According to the magnetic measurement, the obtained Co2FeSn composition alloy showed ferromagnetic properties. The coercivity shows the minimum value in the stoichiometric samples.


Much of social work model building has been perpetuated by professional acceptance without model coherence and evidence of effectiveness. Criteria for better model building include accurate language, parsimony, operationalized values, and recognition of core helping ingredients and social control functions.


A teacher preparation model for interrelated areas in special education is described. The model provides (a) behaviorally defined specifications of competencies desired, (b) criterion measures for assessing entry and proficiency, and (c) instructional options available for achieving these objectives. A program is outlined for teacher education from the junior undergraduate level through the master's degree, with possible doctoral level extension. Evaluation of the model is twofold and concerns the project's effectiveness in teacher preparation and eventually, in pupil gains. The model synthesizes the common competencies necessary for teachers in interrelated areas of special education.