Aminoglycosides, such as gentamicin and tobramycin, are old but effective broad-spectrum antibiotics that have seen much less increase in microbial resistance over the years when compared with lactam antibiotics. Once-daily administration of these agents may have increased their efficacy and utility, particularly in fluidresuscitated patients with increased volume of distribution who populate our intensive care units (1). However, the Achilles heels of aminoglycosides remains ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity is of particular concern as in other patient populations; biochemical renal dysfunction not requiring renal replacement therapy is associated with increased risk of death (2). Acute renal failure in the intensive care unit requiring renal replacement therapy is also an independent risk factor for death (3, 4). Classically, aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity is characterized as being of gradual onset over a period of days and reversible. Nevertheless, this risk of acute kidney injury and its possible consequences may temper enthusiasm for their use by some critical care practitioners. On the other hand, inappropriate choice of antibiotic, one which is not effective against the invading pathogen, is also associated with increased mortality (5, 6). Use of combination therapy with an aminoglycoside may be seen as reducing the risks of inappropriate cover and thus reducing mortality risk. Recent evidence, which confirmed that late administration of antibiotic is also associated with increased mortality risk as well as acute kidney injury, underscored the importance of appropriate choices and early administration of antibiotic (7, 8). In this issue of Critical Care Medicine, Lipcsey et al (9), with the aid of a porcine model of endotoxin-induced sepsis, try to shed light on whether a single dose of tobramycin, 7 mg/kg, has deleterious effects on renal function. Their carefully conducted study of 24 healthy pigs failed to demonstrate any important effect of a single dose of tobramycin on a number of biochemical indices of renal function or on renal ultrastructure. If the results of this study could be extrapolated to human populations, clinical practitioners might feel reassured that the benefits of a single dose of tobramycin with potentially better microbial coverage would outweigh any risks as identification of the pathogen was awaited to better guide subsequent therapy (9). However, this conclusion may be premature. The authors only studied the animals for 6 hrs after a single dose of tobramycin, which only attained modest peak concentrations, and their small study may have been insufficiently powered for all outcomes presented. Also, as indicated by the authors, other workers using different models have produced different results. Using very large doses of gentamicin in rodents, Zager found that the drug in combination with other risk factors, such as hypovolemia, fever, and endotoxemia, did result in renal injury (10). Importantly, old animals seem more susceptible to these toxic effects (11). Thus, results from healthy pigs may not be applicable to an elderly human population with multiple comorbidities and receiving other nephrotoxic drugs. Further, practitioners should be cautious about extrapolating these results of single-dose tobramycin to other aminoglycosides, as there is some controversy as to whether nephrotoxic potential differs among aminoglycosides (12, 13). Neither should these results be extrapolated to more protracted combination therapy with an aminoglycoside, as two large systematic reviews demonstrated no overall survival advantage of combination therapy but the forest plots clearly demonstrate a substantially higher risk of nephrotoxicity, however defined in the original papers (14, 15). Similar findings have been documented for initial lowdose aminoglycosides in Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis (16). Nevertheless, the work of Dr. Lipcsey and colleagues could lay the foundation to conduct clinical trials to ascertain whether initial high-dose tobramycin combined with lactams can further improve important patient-centered outcomes. This might be achieved by ensuring better spectrum of antimicrobial cover as well as allowing time for the coadministered lactam to reach its pharmacokinetic goal of achieving maximum time above minimum inhibitory concentration (1). Early appropriate antibiotic cover for serious infection in the intensive care unit is a key issue for engineering important patient-centered outcomes in intensive care. The research must go on. David W. Noble Aberdeen Royal Infirmary Aberdeen, Scotland


The implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in public settings is not a new topic. However, only recently it gained momentum, and practitioners started investigating the potentialities of this technology also within the public boundaries. Public sector plays a pivotal role in AI development both considering legislation advancement and application development, though scholars rarely focus on it, leaving an urgent gap to fill. Moreover the current body of literature is muddleheaded and scholars fatigue in disentangling and clarifying the various domains and fields of analysis. Based on these considerations, this paper aims at offering two main contributions: i) it provides a taxonomy for mapping the features of AI projects and then ii) analyzes the current trends in the development of such projects using the abovementioned taxonomy. This analysis allows us to provide a worldwide overview of the current widespread of AI applications, in order to explore the trends and identify promising paths for future research.


Simultaneous isolated tumors of the esophagus and stomach can occur as synchronous tumors or as intramural metastases of one of the tumors. Although most esophageal and gastric cancers share some risk factors, and although they are the most frequently associated cancers, actual synchronicity is very rare [1,2]. We describe the first case of synchronous endoscopic insertion of stents for synchronous obstructing tumors. A 91-year-old woman was admitted to an outside hospital with progressive solidfood dysphagia, vomiting, and weight loss. Upper endoscopy showed an obstructing tumor at the gastrointestinal junction. Due to her advanced age and high surgical risk, the patient was transferred to our institution for palliative stent placement. On repeatendoscopy, the tumor at the gastrointestinal junction (squamous cell carcinoma) nearly obstructed passage of the gastroscope. A Savary-Gilliard dilation up to 11mmwas performed (●" Fig.1), allowing the gastroscope to pass. However, in the gastric antrum, a second, prepyloric and also nearly obstructing synchronous tumor was discovered (●" Fig.2). Although withdifficulty, the gastroscopewaspassed into the duodenum. After discussion, we decided to insert two separate stents. A therapeutic gastroscope could not be passed through the obstruction at the gastrointestinal junction, so a first stent (Ultraflex, partially covered, 100/18mm; Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) was inserted across the junction. The obstruction was so tight that the stent would not open fully and a therapeutic scope could not pass (●" Fig.3). The procedure was stopped and anewexaminationwas scheduled for the following week in order to allow the nitinol stent to open fullywith time. On the third endoscopy, the therapeutic scope now easily passed through the gastrointestinal junction stent, and a second stent (pyloroduodenal Wallstent, 90/ 22mm; Boston Scientific) was inserted across the second, prepyloric tumor (an adenocarcinoma) (●" Fig.4). Two months later, the patient was alive and eating solid food without dysphagia or vomiting.


ABSTRACT The arginine transaminase (ATA) pathway represents one of the multiple pathways for l-arginine catabolism in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The AruH protein was proposed to catalyze the first step in the ATA pathway, converting the substrates l-arginine and pyruvate into 2-ketoarginine and l-alanine. Here we report the initial biochemical characterization of this enzyme. The aruH gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and its product was purified to homogeneity. High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (MS) analyses were employed to detect the presence of the transamination products 2-ketoarginine and l-alanine, thus demonstrating the proposed biochemical reaction catalyzed by AruH. The enzymatic properties and kinetic parameters of dimeric recombinant AruH were determined by a coupled reaction with NAD+ and l-alanine dehydrogenase. The optimal activity of AruH was found at pH 9.0, and it has a novel substrate specificity with an order of preference of Arg > Lys > Met > Leu > Orn > Gln. With l-arginine and pyruvate as the substrates, Lineweaver-Burk plots of the data revealed a series of parallel lines characteristic of a ping-pong kinetic mechanism with calculated V max and k cat values of 54.6 ± 2.5 μmol/min/mg and 38.6 ± 1.8 s−1. The apparent Km and catalytic efficiency (k cat/Km ) were 1.6 ± 0.1 mM and 24.1 mM−1 s−1 for pyruvate and 13.9 ± 0.8 mM and 2.8 mM−1 s−1 for l-arginine. When l-lysine was used as the substrate, MS analysis suggested Δ1-piperideine-2-carboxylate as its transamination product. These results implied that AruH may have a broader physiological function in amino acid catabolism.


ABSTRACT In this essay, we explore an embodied walking engagement with the grounds of the Oklahoma City bombing memorial site that commemorates a bombing that killed 168 people in 1995. We consider our engagement as an existential pilgrimage with implications for peace education curriculum and pedagogy. Returning with intention again and again to a place that marks profound violence and loss—as well as peace and hope—invites attention, contemplation, and learning. Through entangled sensory engagement in place, in walking, being, and gathering with others, we bear witness to echoes of loss in the wake of the unthinkable. We first describe conceptual anchors of our inquiry, which we call 'pilgrimage as inquiry', as a form of walking methodology integral to place-based investigations. We describe insights resulting from our engagement at the memorial. Finally, we conclude with lessons for peace education that stretches beyond the memorial site itself.


This study aims to determine the Effect of Application Program Usage of Bamboo Type Identification as a Learning Media Against Attitude to Care of Bamboo Preservation of students class IV SD N Bengkulu City. This research is a quantitative research. The type of research used is quasi experimental research with the design of The Matching-Only Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design.. The population in this study is all students of grade IV SDN Bengkulu City. The sampling technique using Two Stage Random Sampling so as to obtain the class IVC SDN 82 Bengkulu city as the experimental class and class IVA SDN 76 Kota Bengkulu as the control class. The research instrument used in the form of student attitude test is questionnaire given by pretest and posttest given in experiment class and control class. Based on hypothesis test using t-test of two independent samples, obtained t count (11,25)> t table (1,677) at 5% significant level, hence can be concluded that there is influence of application program of bamboo type identification as learning media to attitude of bamboo conservation students of class IV SD N Bengkulu city.


Objective Research on complication observation and nursing when PICC was applied for premature infant.Methods A total of 15 premature infants who were placed with PICC were enrolled.Detain effective and complication of PICC were retrospective analyzed.Results There are 12 examples who were blest operated,there are 3 examples whose distal localization didn't reach anticipated localization.There were 35 days that Central venous catheter was detained.There were 3 examples that occurrenced partly capillary hemorrhage and 1 example that occurrenced mechanicalness phlebitis,2 examples that occurrenced catheter aberrance,1 example that occurrenced breakdown catheter,4 examples that occurrenced catheter obstructing,1 example that occurrenced physic liquor exosmoseing.Conclusions PICC provide reliable and safe vein channels for premature infant' intravenous nutrition therapy.Through observation clinical effectiveness of applying PICC,we can depress complication and prolong detaining time.


Considering the problem of ship lateral motion control, a novel method based on the closed-loop gain shaping algorithm and T-S fuzzy optimization algorithm is proposed. The T-S fuzzy optimization algorithm is applied in the weighted coefficients of roll and yaw in this paper. According to the closed-loop gain shaping algorithm, robust PID controllers to roll and yaw are designed and then they are combined into the lateral controller. Because of the loss of steering gear can be increase when the roll motion is controlled by rudder, T-S fuzzy algorithm is applied in the weighted coefficients optimization. The simulation results show that the controller has strong robustness and adaptation for ship lateral motion control as well as the loss of steering gear can be reduced by a rational selection of weighted coefficients. This method of ship lateral motion control provides a new theory for rudder roll stabilization and establishes a theoretical foundation for the application in practical engineering.


A hybrid method is proposed to reconstruct the subsurface 3-D objects with electromagnetic fields. The frequency-domain reverse time migration (FRTM) is first used to determine the approximate locations and sizes of the objects. Then, based on these results, the full-wave inversion, the variational Born iteration method (VBIM) is used to reconstruct both the shapes and dielectric parameters of the objects. The Monte Carlo method (MCM) is adopted to further refine the reconstructed shapes. Numerical simulations show that the proposed hybrid method can be effectively used for the subsurface imaging and detection.


There is currently no univocal definition of Public History in Italy. It is still a fluid movement, full of great potential, but also exposed to great risks. Surely, Public History must not lose sight of the methodological-scientific rigor of academic history, but must act with the public and for the public.


o m THE epithelial and mesoblastic tumors B of the liver show a wide variety of histological patterns. In describing primary carcinomas, the most recent studies follow essentially the terminology evolved by Goldzieher and von Bokay5 and recognize hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinomas as the two main classes.'. 3, 4. In addition the term "hepatobiliary" is in frequent use.* Other but related terms may, however, be used for essentially the same concepts. Additional subgroups or variants occur but are rare. They include embryonal and giant celled types of the hepatic-cell carcinoma, carcinosarcoma, and rare squamous cell carcinomas arising in


Chronic pain is common in the elderly population, as older adults are particularly prone to painful conditions such as arthritis, degenerative spine disease, bone fractures, rheumatologic disease, postherpetic neuralgia and diabetic neuropathy. Chronic pain, also referred to as "persistent pain," is defined as pain lasting for 3 to 6 months or more or pain persisting after an injury has healed. In Canada, it is estimated that 27% of seniors living in private households and 38% living in long-term care institutions experience chronic pain. Chronic pain interferes with daily activities. In the geriatric population, the deleterious consequences of suboptimal treatment of pain include sleep disturbances, reduced socialization, impaired mobility, loss of functional independence, decreased quality of life, depression and anxiety. Furthermore, older adults are often reluctant to report symptoms of pain to their health care professionals and therefore are less likely to receive adequate treatment. Many seniors believe that pain is part of the normal aging process, while others fear the consequences of reporting pain (e.g., hospitalization). In fact, a Canadian study showed that 48% of adults aged 65 years or older experienced pain on a daily basis and 21.6% of this group received no analgesics. Pharmacists can play an integral role in the interdisciplinary approach to pain management. The objective of this article is to provide a practical approach to the management of chronic non-cancer nociceptive pain in the older population. More specifically, the article focuses on the assessment of pain, pharmacological treatment of pain and side effects secondary to opioid use and highlights spe-


This paper deals with the origin and gonealogy of five women character in Edo literature, which method of character construction can be see from...


The design requirement for the performance of covers to tailings storage facilities and waste rock dumps is increasingly being stipulated as being 'in-perpetuity'. This is often interpreted as being in excess of 1,000 years. There are no other geotechnical systems that have a design life anywhere as long as this. Geotechnical systems such as earth dams, slopes and foundations, which typically have design lives of 50‒70 years, are designed on the basis of engineering properties measured during and immediately after the design and construction process. Implicit in this approach is the assumption that these properties do not change with time. However, in the case of cover systems, a number of ecological factors are likely to cause changes in properties such as hydraulic conductivity, density and strength, with time. We give examples of how the initial geotechnical design assumptions are not stable and will inevitably change as the system evolves.
Typically, starting from an inert biologically barren system, through the process of carbon fixation (photosynthesis) and energy capture, the biological, chemical and physical properties of these structures will change. These changes may sometimes be considerable (order of magnitude) and sometimes occur with surprising speed (a few years, not centuries). We go on to consider ways in which harnessing nature and inevitable (eco-)system change might be brought into the planning and design of post-mining landforms. We propose that the days of geotechnical design as the sole concept in mining should evolve into biogeotechnical design, where inevitable change is harnessed to enhance the properties of the new land system, rather than degrade it.


Inheritance and interrelationship of genes governing brown planthopper (BPH) resistance with purple pigmentation in the coleoptile and leaf blade were studied in three crosses. Resistance n BPH was due to three dominant complementary genes, Bph5(t), Bph 6(t), Bph7(t), and coleoptile pigmentation due to two dominant complementary genes, Pc1, Pc2 in the cross RP 1748 (Leb Muey Nahng, BPH susceptible, coleoptile green) and ARC 6650 (BPH resistant and coleoptile purple). One of the genes for BPH resistance showed linkage with the gene for purple coleoptile (CO. value 3.0%). in the cross RP 1578, ARC 7328 (BPH susceptible, coleoptile purple) with CR 57 MR 1523 (BPH resistant, coleoptile green) resistance to BPH was due to two recessive complementary genes, bph 8(t) and bph 9(t) and pigmentation in the coleoptile was due to two complementary genes. The genes were independent of each other. in the cross RP 2205 involving ARC 5723 (BPH susceptible, leaf purple and coleoptile purple with ARC 6650 (green leaf) the F1 was BPH resistant with pigmented coleoptile and green leaf. Resistance to BPH was due to two dominant complementary genes. The gene for purple leaf showed interaction with I-Pl and a ratio 3 green: 13 purple leaf was observed in f2. The genes for coleoptile pigment are common to both parents. One of the genes for BPH resistance showed linkage with the inhibitor one for purple leaf 1-P1 with a C. O. value of 44.72% in the repulsion phase. The gene for purple leaf p1 was independent of the gene(s) for BPH resistance. From the results obtained it is inferred that the linkage sequence of genes for purple coleoptile Pc1/Pc2-BPH 5(t)/BPH 6(t)/Bph 7(D) -I-Pl belong to the II linkage group of Oryza saliva var. indica.


Summary 1. Poliomyelitis virus of high titer in the form of a freshly filtered tissue culture preparation, can be inactivated by ultraviolet irradiation in centrifugal filmers. 2. Inactivation of the virus preparations by a combination of ultraviolet irradiation and exposure to mild heat for several days yields vaccine of good potency. In this procedure there is a margin of safety between complete inactivation and appreciable loss of antigenicity. 3. Experience thus far indicates a degree of consistency and reproducibility for the method described. 4. Vaccines made by a combination of ultraviolet irradiation and mild heat appear to retain their antigenicity for at least 7 months.


The thickness of fluid-applied polyurethane membrane is mainly affected by the viscosity and application tools. Then, the four levels of viscosity were prepared by changing the adding ratio of diluent from 0 to 10%. Polyurethane membranes were applied on substrate by various trowels and paint rollers. After curing the membrane, thickness was measured at 50mm intervals for all areas of the membrane. Based on the experimental results, the proper combination of diluent ratio and application tool for making a good membrane of having sufficient thickness was proposed. The thickness of fluid-applied polyurethane membrane is mainly affected by the viscosity and application tools. Then, the four levels of viscosity were prepared by changing the adding ratio of diluent from 0 to10%. Polyurethane membranes were applied on substrate by various trowels and paint rollers. After curing the membrane, thickness was measured at 50mm intervals for all areas of the membrane. Based on the experimental results, the proper combination of diluent ratio and application tool for making a good membrane of having sufficient thickness was proposed.


It is well-known that the presence of haemoglobin variants can influence, and even invalidate, measurements of haemoglobin Ale (HbA Ic ) when using ion-exchange or electrophoretic separation techniques. \ We report here an effect of an unusual haemoglobin variant that we believe has not been described before. A blood specimen from an 88-year-old diabetic man was found to have an apparently low HbA Ic of 2,7°1., (reference range 3·8 -5'5%) when measured by high-performance ion-exchange chromatography (HPIEC) on a Daiichi HA8121 analyser (Biomen, Fincharnpstead, UK). Examination of the trace revealed an unusual elution profile (Fig. Ia) compared with the pattern seen in other patients (Fig. Ih). In particular, an extra peak amounting to 1·2% of the total haemoglobin could be seen between the large HbA o peak and the shaded area representing HbA Ic . This finding was corroborated by analysing the blood sample at the Royal Liverpool University Hospital on a Daiichi HA-8140, which is capable of resolving some of the more common haemoglobin variants such as S, C and D. Another blood specimen from the patient confirmed the atypical pattern. When the original specimen was assayed using an affinity chromatography method (Helena Laboratories, Sunderland, UK) the result was 5,6%, i.e. around the upper limit of normal. Routine haematological parameters were normal. A blood sample was also subjected to e1ectrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS) using a Quattro II analyser (Micromass UK, Altrincharn, UK), as previously described." An unusual haemoglobin variant was detected, associated


This article provides a tabular analysis of court rulings where public school principals challenged the adverse employment actions of involuntary transfer, suspension, demotion, nonrenewal, constructive termination, and termination during the period 1998-2012. The primary findings were that (a) the judicial outcomes were markedly in favor of the defendant school districts and (b) although the number of claims had increased during this 15-year period, the outcomes trend did not correspondingly shift in favor of the plaintiff-principals.


Background and aims: Health literacy (HL) can affect individual health, health communication and error in taking medicine. The aim of this study was to determine the level of HL and associated factors among Iranian adults. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 240 participants over 18 years of age referring to health centers in Hamadan, west of Iran in 2015 were selected by multistage random sampling. HL was assessed by the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA). The questionnaire was completed by a trained interviewer. The independent variables were structural and intermediate social factors based on the Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH). Data were analyzed by using IBM SPSS version 22. Results: Average age of the participants was 30.88 ±7.38 years and 75.4% of the them were female. The total score of HL was 64.58 ±16.71 (range: 23.82-98.98). Overall, 31.7% (n=76) of the participants had adequate HL level, 32.5% (n=78) had borderline HL level and 35.8% (n=86) had inadequate HL level. Additionally, participants with higher educational levels had higher HL scores than those with lower educational levels (P<0.001). HL score was significantly higher in males than in females (P=0.017). Conclusion: HL level seems to be inadequate among Iranian adults in the west of Iran. Moreover, enhancing social determinants such as educational level seems to increase HL. The results highlighted the necessity for change and improvement in adults' HL.


Taking China as the test area,the three kinds of methods for detecting the cloud and snow on Spot Vegetation S10 images are compared. According to the comparison,BISE is the best for detecting cloud among the three; the cloud extracted by the status map (SM) is too little; cloud and the ice and snow extracted by the detector V2.0 overlap each other. The averaging of timely neighboring (before and after the cloud pixels) cloudy (or ice and snow)-free pixels is adopted to remove cloud,ice,and snow. The result is valuable for noise reduction and application accuracy improvement of Spot Vegetation S10.


Thomson Tubes Electroniques has always been involved in all the gridded tubes fields. Based on its operational experience in accelerators, fusion devices and UHF TV transmitters, but also from extensive tests conducted with its own power testing facilities, TTE has developed a new concept of tetrode named "diacrode". This paper presents the results obtained with these new tubes in UHF and accelerators fields and the possible extension of the concept to operate at 2 MW CW VSWR 2:1 with a diacrode dedicated to future fusion magnetic machines.


Based on the requirements of "Standards for Safety Inspection of Construction" and " Criteria for Safety Technology of Gantry Cranes and Headframe Hoisters", combined with our practice, we have found that the safety technology and measurements concerning the foundation, installation, backout, application and management of the gantry cranes.


Abstract : The surveillance fences of SPACETRACK detect and track a large number of space objects that do not correlate with known objects in the satellite catalog. This note describes the techniques developed at the Millstone Hill Radar for the analysis of these uncorrelated targets. (Author)


The information literacy is one of the basic qualities that today's university students should possess,and the course of information literacy education is a main path for cultivating the information literacy of university students.Taking the library of Wuhan University as an example,this paper introduces the development situation of the course of information literacy education in universities in recent years,analyzes some existing problems,and emphatically probes into how to fully establish the course system for more effectively open the course of information literacy education.


The fast growth of internet facility and services has provided another great marketplace for clothes shopping in the era of globalization. Moreover, online shopping also become very famous currently. The way people purchase, evaluate products and services, and conduct business has changed because of technological improvements, notably in the information and communication technology fields. Fashionable clothes play an essential role, and many adult customers like to purchase through online shopping. Several factors can impact adult consumers purchasing fashionable clothes. The main aim of this study is to determine the factors affecting the online shopping of purchasing fashionable clothes among adults. In addition, there is also an investigation of the relationships between the independent variables which are privacy/security, website design, customer service, and product variety, and the dependent variable which is online shopping of purchasing fashionable clothes among adults. Data gathering which is primary data was collected through a survey questionnaire with 402 respondents with a response rate of 89 percent who have experience purchasing clothes through online stores. The target population consists of adult consumers from various backgrounds in Klang Valley. Besides that, convenience sampling of non-probability sampling was used for data collection. Based on the research results, there are four independent variables which are privacy/security, website design, customer service, and product variety had been established that have a positive and significant relationship with online shopping of purchasing fashionable clothes among adults according to the coefficient value, all variables are reported positively. Furthermore, there is a significant moderate positive relationship between privacy/security, website design, customer service and online shopping of purchasing fashionable clothes among adults. Then, there is a significant high positive relationship between product variety and online shopping of purchasing fashionable clothes among adults. where r = 0.762, p < 0.001. As the finding of this study, it can help online clothes store sellers to understand and build up suitable strategies and methods to gain profit and market share efficiently and effectively.


This paper describes the development of an immersive VR application that lets visual artists quickly visualize and prototype their pictorial design ideas in virtual environments. First, the design requirements are outlined and then the implementation of the application prototype in Unreal Engine 4 is explained. We perform preliminary user tests and discuss the feedback, as well as further improvements and usage scenario of the software.


Objective:To study the long-term effect of acupuncture therapy combining with biofeedback relaxation therapy on senile chronic insomnia patients.Methods:150 cases of senile chronic insomnia were divided into 3 groups randomly:group A received acupuncture therapy only,group B received biofeedback relaxation therapy only,and group C received both therapies.The scores of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),the scores of Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA) and Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD) were recorded before the treatment and at the end of the 8th week during the treatment and at the end of the 6th month after the treatment.Results:At the end of the 6th month follow-up after the treatment,the scores of PSQI(8.33±2.03),the scores of HAMA(11.95±3.61) and HAMD-17(12.44±3.37) of group C were also better than that of before the treatment(P0.01).But the group C showed no significant difference in the scores of PSQI and showed more difference in the scores of HAMA and HAMD-17 compared with that of at the end of the 8th week.At the same time,among the three groups,the scores of PSQI,the scores of HAMA and HAMD-17 of group C were all better than that of group A [(12.17±2.53),(16.80±4.55),(15.89±4.08)] and group B [(13.20±2.58),(14.18±4.04),(14.16±4.38)] significantly(P0.01).Conclusion:The therapy of acupuncture combining with biofeedback relaxation is benefit to improve the sleep quality of senile chronic insomnia patients which can maintain a long-term efficacy.But single therapy to improve sleep quality was poor in long-term efficacy.Meanwhile,neither single nor combining therapy has a stable long-term efficacy on releasing the anxiety and depression of insomnia patients.It suggests that insomnia patients need a longer course of treatment to get a better effect,or likely to relapse.


The digestion of yeast cells with the glucanase of Sclerotinia was found to be significantly increased by pretreating the cells with papaya lysozyme, as well as by pretreating with dilute sodium hydroxide solution. Defatted chlorella cells were digested to a certain extent with the glucanase alone. Pretreatment with lipolytic enzyme slightly stimulated the digestion of yeast cells by glucanase, but this effect was not found with the yeast cells treated by soaps or the defatted chlorella cells. Egg white lysozyme had no effect on digestion of yeast cells. The effect of papaya lysozyme seemed to have relation with the liberation of hexosamine compounds from the yeast-cell walls. It is suggested that, in normal cells, the glucan is present to form a further complex structure with certain other component, becoming insusceptible to the action of glucanase.


The inherent non-linear behavior of switch-mode power supplies complicates the task of computing their linear models, which are essential for a model-oriented control design of DC–DC converters. In a model-oriented control design approach, the accuracy of the plant model directly influences the performance of the control system as the plant parameters tend to be linked to the controllers' gains. Moreover, the extractions of linear dynamic models of high-order non-linear plants such as DC–DC converters are laborious and mathematically intractable. Therefore, in this paper, a generalized expression that represents either the audio-susceptibility or the control-to-output voltage transfer function for voltage-mode control is proposed. The proposed generalization reduces the task of computing the small-signal model of a given converter to simple calculations of coefficients of generalized transfer function/expression. It is shown that the coefficients of the generalized model can be deduced by inspection, directly from the circuit diagram, allowing the whole model to be computed by inspection. Additionally, the proposed modelling technique will be shown to have secondary use of verifying accuracy even when conventional modelling techniques such as state-space averaging or circuit averaging are used.


An improved modular 2DPCA method,that is modular 2DPCA method based on With-in Class Average Face,was proposed.Firstly,the with-in class mean of each sub-image of all training samples in each class was calculated,and it was used to normalize corresponding sub-image of with-in class.After that,the best projecting matrix from general matrix that is made up of all normalized sub-images could be obtained accordingly.Secondly,when all sub-images of training samples and testing samples were projected to the best projecting matrix that was gotten above,the recognition features was produced;Finally,the nearest distance classification was used to distinguish each face.The experiment results on ORL face database indicate that the improved modular 2DPCA is obviously superior to that of 2DPCA and general modular 2DPCA.


Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) co‐circulated during latest outbreaks in Brazil, hence, it is important to evaluate the host cross‐reactive immune responses to these viruses. So far, little is known about human T cell responses to ZIKV and no reports detail adaptive immune responses during DENV/ZIKV coinfection.


Biometric is a technology for verification or identification of individuals by employing a person's physiological and behavioural traits. Although these systems are more secured compared the traditional methods such as key, smart card or password, they also undergo with many limitations such as noise in sensed data, intra-class variations and spoof attacks. One of the solutions to these problems is by implementing multibiometric systems where in these systems, many sources of biometric information are used. This paper presents a review of multibiometric systems including its taxonomy, the fusion level schemes and toward the implementation of fixed and adaptive weighting fusion schemes so as to sustain the effectiveness of executing the multibiometric systems in real application. Keywordsbiometric, multibiometric, level of fusions, fixed weighting, adaptive weighting.


It is very interesting that copper and other mineral elements are excreted through the skin when they are metabolised in human body. Many studies concerning the excretion of minerals through the skin were attempted in the past. But those experiments were only held under specific conditions: such as one hour collection of sweat, some specific work or els any artificial enviromental condition. However, it is necessary to investigate the intrinsic sweating loss of them through the skin of human body.The author attempted to certify the amount of mineral loss throught he skin over 24 hours. Copper, iron, calcium, phosphorus, sodium and potassium contents in sweat were measared in this experiment.Three healthy women were used for the subjects. So called liquidy sweat and contain greasy sweat and peeled off epitheliar cells filth which were all collected over 24 hours. Head, forearm and feet were omited from the weat collection in this experiment.It was observed in this experiment that daily loss from the skin for the copper was 1.0mg. or more, iron 3.5mg. or more, calcium 35mg. or more, phosphorus 15mg. or more, sodium 3.3g. or more and potasium was 2.3g. or more. respecsively.Ecretion by sweating was compared with urinary and fecal losses. Copper and iron losses from the skin were almost same quantity with fecal excretion, while, calcium and phosphorus were negligibly small amount.Copper and iron ballances were also studied. Copper intake in this experiment was 3.4mg., out of which 2.8mg. was retained excepting the sweating loss, and in case of iron, the intake was 5.6mg., retention being 1.8mg. per day per person respectively on 9 days experiment.


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  II ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
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  III INTRODUCTION
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  1 A SOPHISTICATED SYSTEM ................................................................................................ 2 A PRINCIPLE HUBTHE INFERIOR COLLICULUS ................................................................. 5 TIME MATTERSTEMPORAL CODE ..................................................................................... 8 MOTIVATION
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  12 METHODS
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  13 SUBJECTS ........................................................................................................................ 13 PROCEDURES .................................................................................................................. 14 DATA ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................. 15 Response map ............................................................................................................ 16 Best frequency ........................................................................................................... 17 First spike latency ...................................................................................................... 17 Spontaneous rate ....................................................................................................... 19 Bandwidth of the tuning curve ................................................................................... 22 Q values ..................................................................................................................... 23 RESULTS
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  24 DISCUSSION
  AND
  CONCLUSION
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  47 REFERENCES
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  52 CURRICULUM
  VITAE
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This chapter describes the importance of indigenous and indigenizing preachers in various parts of the Majority World for the emergence of global Christianity. Indigenous preachers, raised in the swaddling clothes of missionary Christianity, left the garments behind to present the message of Christ in hues and tones more suited to non-Enlightenment cosmologies. Case studies include William Wadé Harris ('The Black Elijah'), who subverted British colonial religion and rule by conducting an extensive anti-fetish campaign throughout parts of West Africa; David Yonggi Cho, who by incorporating and redefining Korean minjung founded the largest church in the world in South Korea; and C. René Padilla's Misión Integral, which arose as an evangelical response to materialist liberation theologies in South America. The chapter notes the value of indigenous cultures in the rise and character of indigenized Christianity.


Pumping plants that serve water supply and sewage systems are important lifeline facilities, and they should remain in operation or be readily repairable following earthquake damage. Water distribution pumping is necessary to maintain sufficient storage to fight fires and to provide minimum potable water and other critical disaster needs. When sewage pumping stations are down, the results can be serious health hazards or environmental damage from sewage spillage or treatment plant bypasses. Typical damage to equipment and piping (similar to that found in pumping plants resulting from the 1971 San Fernando Earthquake) is indentified. Modern engineering practices for the seismic design of water supply and sewage pumping plants are reviewed, as are procedures used at the writer's utility district and a list of suggested seismic design considerations.


This thesis was conducted on behalf of Butong AB, who wanted to test and develop an environmental friendly, so called green sound barrier , which combines both art and science. Different configurations of the product were proposed by the company with various filling materials, as it was predicted that the filling materials would be the main sound absorbent among all parts of the structure. The thesis work started by selecting the best of the proposed fillings which could be of interest - that is those which were expected to have high sound absorption coefficients. The selection process was based on experience, reading and advice. The main idea behind the selection process was saving cost for the company as well as effort. Impedance tube method was used for performing the measurements on samples of the green sound barriers, in order to calculate the acoustical properties of each material and every construction, as it was considerably reliable, cheap and fast to use. The measurements were done according to a combination between standards described in ISO 10534-2:1998 and ASTM E2611-09, for performing test measurements using the impedance tube. This master thesis gives an explanation of the predicted absorption characteristics of the green sound barriers including the usage of different fillings, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using it in real life applications.


The reservoir in Sanjianfang Formation of Middle Jurassic of Hongtai Area was the front-delta deposition,the distribution of sand body was uneven,and the well drilling density wasvery low,therefore more seismic data should be used to predict reservoirs.The goal of wave impedance inversion was to invert the interface seismic data into the rock stratum data.For multi-factor influence of the rock velocity and density,using longitudinal wave impedance number to distinguish the lithology was difficult for inversion.To solve the problem,a acoustic wave curve reconfiguration technology was introduced,by using more sensitive GR logging curve which reflected the change of the strata and lithology to construct AC dimension new curve,in combination with the low-frequency model of AC,synthetic pseudo-acoustic curve,it not only reflected the strata velocity and wave impedance,but also reflected the lithology nuances.The method is used for reservoir recognition in Hongtai Area and better effect is obtained.


Objective To investigate the value of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score in predicting large vessel occlusion in acute ischemic stroke. Methods Ninety-three acute ischemic stroke patients who received intracranial CT angiography (CTA) within 6 hours of symptom onset were prospectively studied. All patients were divided into 3 groups according to NIHSS scores. Stroke severity on admission was determined using the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Results The mean admission NIHSS score of 93 patients was 9.57±5.10. An arterial occlusion was detected in 38 patients, arterial stenosis was found in 23 and normal arterial was in 32 patients. The baseline NIHSS score was significantly higher in the group of patients with arterial stenosis or occlusion than that of no arterial occlusion group(12.14±4.99 vs 8.13±4.23, P0.001). Four of 16 patients (18.75%) with NIHSS score of 1-5 had visible arterial occlusion, 29 patients (43.94%) with NIHSS score of 7-14 and 6 patients (54.55%) with NIHSS score above 15 had an arterial occlusion. A direct relation between the baseline NIHSS score and the likelihood of the presence of an occlusion on CTA is demonstrated(r=0.22,P0.05). Nighty-five percent patients with an NIHSS score of ≥15 showed an occlusion on CTA and PPV to find arterial stenosis or occlusion was 84.3%. NIHSS was a predictor for large arterial occlusion (OR=1.1, 95%=CI 0.6-1.65, P0.001)in a logistic regression analysis. Conclusion There is a significant association of admission NIHSS scores and the presence of a large-vessel occlusion. Severe neurologic dysfunction in acute ischemic strokemay indict the evidence of large-vessel occlusion on CTA.


IR MAWS techniques are analysed in this paper, which includes target IR radiation characteristic, atmosophere transmission signal handling and key techniques of IR MAWS.


"Sarcee Horses" is a glimpse of sharp-edged memory (even someone else's) as antidote to malaise and vertigo."Sugar Tree" relates how an early childhood experience bears fruit long after.


2 2 to theLagrangean has the form ale ect ofshifting the particle m ass from the originalzero value to m after resum m ation ofalltwo-leg insertions in the Feynm an graphs appearing in the perturbative expansion ofthe S-m atrix. However,this resum m ation is accom panied by som e subtleties ifdone in a proper m athem aticalm anner. Although the m odel seem sto bealm osttrivial,isshowsm any interesting featureswhich areusefulforthe understanding ofthe convergence behavior ofperturbation theory in general. Som e im portant facts in connection with the basic principles ofquantum eld theory and distribution theory are highlighted,and a rem ark ism ade on possible generalizations ofthe distribution spacesused in localquantum eld theory. A shortdiscussion how onecan view thespontaneousbreakdown ofgaugesym m etry in m assivegaugetheories within a m asslessfram ework ispresented.


OBJECTIVE
Applying Chinese version of categories of auditory performance (CAP) to assess cochlear implant (CI) recipients of prelingual deaf and test the reliability of Chinese version of CAP.

METHOD
Fifty CI recipients of prelingual deaf were interviewed by a parent and a speech therapist using Chinese version of CAP. Kappa coefficient analysis was applied to test the reliability of Chinese version of CAP.

RESULT
Thirty-five of 50 cases (70%) were found completely coincident, 12 cases (24%) were one category different, 3 cases (6%) were 2 categories different. Kappa coefficient was 0.624.

CONCLUSION
Chinese version of CAP was found reliable and useful to evaluate auditory performance of prelingual deaf pediatric after cochlear implantation.


The apparent digestibility(AD) for dry matter,protein,crude fat,amino acids,phosphorus and energy of eight feed ingredients for bluntnose black bream Megalobrama amblycephala Yih were determined.The feed ingredients included expanded feather meal,enzyme feather meal,blood meal,silkworm pupa,corn gluten meal,broken rice,corn,and barley grain.Test diets consisted of 70% reference diet and 30% test feed ingredients,and added 0.5%Cr2O3 as an indicator.The fish averaging(250.83±2.12) g were reared in indoor aquarium tank(3.0 m×0.8 m×0.8 m),and fecal samples were collected by abdominal pressure method after one week.The results showed that apparent digestibility for dry matter,protein,crude fat,amino acids,phosphorus and energy of nine feed ingredients were 68.07%-92.69%,81.54%-92.75%,84.82%-103.44%,63.07%-95.56%,41.48%-97.55% and 68.91%-97.81%,respectively.Corn gluten meal showed the best apparent digestibility for all nutritions.Silkworm pupa had the highest apparent digestibility of four animal protein feedstuffs,and the next was blood meal.Apparent digestibility of enzyme feather meal was better than expanded feather meal in addition to crude fat.Barley grain had the highest protein and amino acid digestibility,but the apparent digestibility for dry matter,crude fat and energy were significantly lower than that of corn and broken rice.In conclusion,corn gluten meal and silkworm pupa can be used as high quality plant protein and animal protein sources,respectively.Blood meal,and feather meal can be used as a small amount with other feedstuffs.Corn and broken rice can be used as the main energy feed ingredients because of the higher energy values,and barley grain also can be used suitably for bluntnose black bream because of the balance of amino acids.


The necessity of equal potential connection is discussed,combined with the new national standard(02D501-2).The effectiveness and the installation codes are clarified by calculation.For the present international popular mode of equal potential connection,Faraday's cage,the faults that occur in equal potential connection easily and the prevention measures are pointed out for designer's reference.


Ping program function and principle are studied in order to comprehend and grasp the use of ping program thoroughly. Thus it can be seen some host in Internet can be ping,but not make sure it can be visited. On the contrary,The computer can not be ping,but not mean it can not be visited. Meanwhile,some insecure factors of ping program have been found for Internet.


Abstract: The objectives of this research were to investigate: (1) which learning model of the TPS modified with CTL, the TPS, and the conventional learning; (2) which students of those with the visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles have a better learning achievement in Mathematics; (3) in each learning style, which learning model of the TPS modified with CTL, the TPS, and the conventional learning results in a better learning achievement in Mathematics; and (4) in each learning model, which learning style of the visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles results in a better learning achievement in Mathematics. This research used the quasi experimental research method with the factorial design of 3 x 3. The population of the research was the students of Islamic Junior Secondary Schools in Tulungagung regency. The samples of the research were taken by using the stratified cluster random sampling technique. The samples of the research consisten of 294 students; 95 students belonged to experiment class one, 93 students belonged to experiment class two, and 106 students belonged to control class. The data of the research were gathered through multiple choice test of learning achievement and questionnaire of learning style. The data of the research were analyzed by using the unbalanced two-way analysis of variance. The results of the research are as follows. 1) The students instructed with TPS modified with CTL have the same learning achievement in Mathematics as those instructed with the TPS. Both the TPS modified with CTL and TPS have a better learning achievement than those instructed with the conventional learning. 2) The students with the visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles have an equal learning achievement in Mathematics. 3) In each learning style, the students instructed with TPS modified with CTL have the same learning achievement in Mathematics as those instructed with the TPS. Both the TPS modified with CTL and TPS have a better learning achievement than those instructed with the conventional learning. 4) In each category of the learning models, the students with the visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles have an equal learning achievement in Mathematics. Keywords: Learning style, think pair and share, contextual teaching and learning.


ABSTRACT Aim The aim of the present study was to investigate the histological differences between samples processed by different devices and to confirm safe clinical application of different dentin matrix obtained from three devices: BonMaker, Tooth Transformer, and Smart Dentin Grinder in regeneration of maxillary defects. Research design The study involved 39 patients with two-wall or three-wall defects who underwent bone augmentation procedures in the maxilla using dentin matrix grafts from the BonMaker, Tooth Transformer, and Smart Dentin Grinder devices. Histological examination was conducted on samples obtained from patients who received each device. In this article, histological samples have been selected and are presented. Results In all patients, bone defects were successfully augmented with ground dentin matrix. The histological examination revealed no inflammation and a good connection between the bone and dentin matrix and clinically all patients were qualified for implant placement. Conclusions After comparing the BonMaker, Tooth Transformer, and Smart Dentin Grinder devices in our practice, we concluded that all these systems have the potential for obtaining regenerative material from the patient's teeth.


We were intrigued to read the recent paper by Mikola and coworkers (Mikola et al., 2001), as their findings suggesting a lack of association between polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and pre-eclampsia are very different from our recently published study (Kashyap and Claman, 2000). Our retrospective case–control study found that PCOS patients who were pregnant following gonadotrophin therapy had a much higher incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) when compared with similarly treated non PCOS controls (odds ratio 12.1, 95% confidence interval 1.3–566.8). A few points may help explain this difference: (i) We looked specifically at the occurrence of PIH (i.e. blood pressure 140/90 on two occasions with return to pre-pregnancy blood pressure postpartum). Mikola et al. included proteinuria in their definition of pre-eclampsia, which would have excluded patients who had PIH; (ii) Our control group was different from that used by Mikola et al. as we chose our control group from a group of women without PCOS who were pregnant after gonadotrophin stimulation treatment. The control group used by Mikola and co-workers came from a population of pregnant women in the town of Kerava, Finland; (iii) Our PCOS patients were all pregnant after gonadotrophin treatment whereas the PCOS patients in the study by Mikola et al. were by-and-large pregnant after clomiphene citrate therapy, which may attest to a more severe form of PCOS in our study group. Having reviewed the interesting paper by Mikola et al. as well as our own findings it appears that pregnant PCOS patients are at a higher risk of PIH. For this reason, PCOS patients should be followed carefully for the occurrence of PIH in pregnancy.


This research improved the PAE(Power Added Efficiency) of a Doherty amplifier using dual bias control and PBG structure. A PBG(Photonic BandGap) structure was used to implement on output matching circuit and dual bias control was applied to improve the efficiency of a Doherty amplifier at a low input level by applying it to a carrier amplifier. A Doherty amplifier using the proposed structure improved PAE by 9% and 5 dBc of IMD3 (3rd Inter-Modulation Distortion) compared to that of a conventional power amplifier. DOI: 10.2529/PIERS060930033755


Pharmacological value of Chestnut kernel was introduced on the basis of clarifying its nutrient component. International market and domestic market of chestnut processing were discussed and chestnut industry of Hebei province was taken as an example to explain production situation of Jingdong Chestnut in details. In the developing trend of chestnut processing, brand effectiveness, structure adjustment, think- ing highly of chestnut processing by government, and export exchange were discussed with emphasis. Further processing and, supporting and spreading must be adopted in developing chestnut resource.


Teaching the usefulness of the spectrum of light for identification of elements in geology and astronomy is an important part of any earth science course. Student investigations in many schools exclude quantitative work because the available low-cost spectroscopes do not have a scale for measuring the wavelength. This article lists some of the attempts which have been undertaken to measure wavelengths by use of diffraction gratings in conjunction with various types of scales and specifically reports on a low-cost spectroscope with a transparent scale which can be read easily and fairly accurately. By setting up stations with a minimum amount of materials, all students in class can be confronted with continuous emission and absorption spectra within one laboratory period.


The paper focuses on 19th century racial issues and their portrayal in Mark Twain's novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. It sheds light on the


Two new methods for increasing the contrast (optical density span) of track-etch neutron radiographs were evaluated. In one method fluorescent dye was deposited in the tracks of the radiograph. The radiograph was then examined under ultraviolet light. The second method was a crossed Polaroid filter technique. The radiograph was placed between crossed polaroid filters and then illuminated with a diffuse white-light source. An increase in the optical density span from .10 to .37 was obtained with the dye method. With the polaroid method, the increase obtained was from .10 to 2.4. TWO NEW METHODS TO INCREASE THE CONTRAST OF TRACK-ETCH NEUTRON RADIOGRAPHS


We investigated the hypericin‐mediated PDT effects on the tumor and normal skin and in correlation with its biodistribution. These studies were carried out on C3H mice bearing RIF‐1 tumors. The hypericin distribution and PDT effects were recorded at different intervals (0.5–24 hr) after intravenous injection of a 5‐mg/kg dose of hypericin. After administration, rapid biphasic exponential decay was observed in the plasma drug concentration. It was found that hypericin was preferentially bound to the plasma lipoproteins. The tumor drug levels increased rapidly over the first few hours and reached a maximum around 6 hr after injection. In contrast, PDT efficacy was maximal when irradiation was performed at 0.5 hr after hypericin administration, which led to 100% cure. The PDT efficacy decreased rapidly as the administration‐irradiation interval was prolonged. No tumor cure was obtained at the 6‐hr interval, even though it was at this time that the tumor drug level peaked. Fluorescence microscopic studies showed that hypericin was mainly confined within the tumor vasculature at 0.5 hr after injection, whereupon it rapidly diffused to the surrounding tumor tissue. At 6 hr, a strong hypericin fluorescence was observed in the tumor tissue with only faint fluorescence within the vasculature, whereas at 24 hr the fluorescence in the tumor also decreased and became more diffused, and no fluorescence could be seen in the tumor vasculature. Like the tumor response, skin reactions were also found to be much more dramatic at short administration‐irradiation intervals. Hypericin distribution and PDT response studies revealed a close correlation between the plasma drug level and the PDT effects, which suggests that vascular damage is the primary effect of hypericin‐mediated PDT in this tumor model. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Development of sorting machine for photo diode and its control system is addressed. The sorting machine for optical communication device requires high positional precision because the alignment is one of the most important point in the sorting process. This sorting method describes how to detect the target chip's angle and position from the wafer. The machine vision system is used for the feedback control. This sorting machine is implemented by motion controller, machine vision and various solenoid valve and is interfaced with RS-232c, GPIB and PCI communication. This system gets the position accuracy within 1 ㎛ with our experiments.


Networking is an effective strategy for both economic and regional development, as the results of project management at the trans-regional level demonstrate. Cooperation between the Western Norway Training Partnership (WNTP) and Erfurt Technology Centre (TZE) shows that international teamwork is productive and that project administration is relatively low-cost. Both partners have carried out various projects within the European Commission's COMETT, Leonardo Da Vinci and Fifth Framework Research programmes. Seven years of cooperation between WNTP and TZE have resulted not only in increased awareness about both regions in political, academic and business circles, but also in the establishment of the Trade House, to increase exports, as well as the completion of a Bilateral Agreement of Regional Cooperation for further development of activities and contacts. Inter-regional and inter-sectoral links with local authorities, financial funds, research institutes, innovation centres and non-governmental organizations have been established to explore further possibilities for cooperation in training, research, business and culture. In this paper, the partners share experiences, analyse implications and discuss strategies that bring mutual benefits.


Description of national data services in the UK. One of a series of presentations delivered at the 2017 Research Data Canada National Data Services Summit.


Objective : To study, how prevalence of wound that patient diabetes foot, by epidemiology data of patient diabetes foot of Pakthongchai District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province. The system care health foot development in diabetes patient, and allocate the budget in quality of life care of diabetes patient next Method : Cross-sectional descriptive study by medical records of outpatient and inpatient who underwent diabetes mellitus patients in Pakthongchai hospital, 357 cases, between, October 1, 2009 to October 31, 2009 the collect base data of the patient and study about the epidemiology of patient diabetes foot. Result : 372 patients of diabetes sample, have diabetes mellitus foot 8 cases, foot finger amputation 2 cases and upper extremity amputation 1 cases and of general data, gender, age, occupation, the period of time of bing diabetes, blood sugar level that can cause to diabetes mellitus foot. Conclusion : The prevention wound in most diabetes foot patient and have Health care team, by do checking diabetes foot everyone patient, give the knowledge to the patient always, shoes filtration that is appropriate, give the patient checks foot with oneself regularly everyday, watching is careful and take care a problem at the beginning of foot correctly, and checking follows up continuously, include epidemiology of patient diabetes foot next.


The article analyses the peculiarities of teaching bachelors, the advantages of the bachelor's program and point the question of forming a number of competencies of bachelorsphilologists, competencies which are characterized multifunctionality and multidimensionality. Such competencies are revealed in definite ways of students' behavior taking in consideration their cognitive abilities and psychological qualities. The author determines a number of conditions which help forming necessary personal subjective qualities of bachelors under the conditions of practice-oriented education.


Introduction: Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been thought to be important in tumor eradication induced by high-dose chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem cell rescue. It was reported recently that autologous HSCT can also induce a strong antitumor immunity by homeostatic proliferation (HP) of T cells following preconditioning-induced lymphopenia. It is known that T cell HP is driven by the recognition of self antigens, and that the availability of tumor antigens during HP leads to effective antitumor autoimmunity with specificity and memory. The effect is mediated by a reduction in the activation threshold of low-affinity tumor-specific T cells, leading to their preferential engagement and expansion. However, the mechanisms of antitumor immunity induced by the autologous HSCT are not fully understood. Especially, in addition to adaptive immunity, the role of innate immunity is unclear. In this study, we examined the role of natural killer (NK) cells on the antitumor effect in HSCT recipients using mouse xenograft models. Furthermore, since neutrophils have been reported to be required for homeostasis, maturation, and function of NK cells in human and mice (Jaeger et al. J. Eep. Med. 209:565, 2012), we focused on the interaction between neutrophils and NK cells in tumors after syngeneic HSCT. Results: BALB/c mice were injected subcutaneously with CT26 murine colon cancer cells shortly after lethal irradiation (9Gy), and then bone marrow cells (5 x 10 6 cells) and splenocytes (4 x 10 6 cells) from syngeneic donor mice were infused into the recipient mice. Tumor growth was significantly suppressed in the HSCT recipients as previously reported (Narumi et al. Gene Ther 19:34, 2012, Udagawa et al. J. Immunol 191:3440, 2013). To clarify the contribution of NK cells to antitumor effects after syngeneic HSCT, we depleted NK cells by intraperitoneal injection of anti-asialo GM1 antibody in the HSCT recipients. The tumor growth inhibition was largely cancelled by the depletion of NK cells especially during an early period after HSCT (Figure 1a: 2303 mm 3 vs. 1383 mm 3 at day26; P = 0.0042). Flow cytometry showed that the frequency of surface CD107a + NK cells, which is an activation marker, was significantly higher in tumors of HSCT recipients (24.4% vs. 6.3%; P = 0.0022) than that in non-HSCT mice, indicating that syngeneic HSCT induces NK cell activation which contributes to the antitumor effect. Next, we examined what factor influences the activation of NK cells in tumors after syngeneic HSCT. We found that a large number of neutrophils accumulated in tumors after HSCT by immunostaining. Thus, we focused on the relationship between neutrophils and NK cells in tumors after HSCT. The cytokine antibody array showed that lungkine (CXCL15), which is one of mouse ELR + CXC chemokine and recruits neutrophils to lung airspaces during pneumonia, was markedly up-regulated in tumor at day14 after HSCT as compared with non-HSCT tumor. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed that the lungkine mRNA level was higher in HSCT-tumor at day 6 than that in non-HSCT tumor (Figure 1b: relative expression: 4.0 vs. 0.3; P = 0.0075). Then, to investigate the effects of neutrophils on NK cells in tumors, we depleted neutrophils by an intraperitoneal injection of anti-Ly6G antibody from days 6 to 12 after syngeneic HSCT. Neutrophils were almost depleted in the spleens and tumors. The tumor growth was significantly suppressed in HSCT recipients as previously shown, whereas the depletion of neutrophil significantly increased tumor volumes in HSCT recipients but not in non-HSCT mice at day 10 (Figure 1c: 143 mm 3 vs. 84 mm 3 ; P = 0.024). Flow cytometry revealed that the neutrophil-depletion did not change the frequency of NK cells within live cells in tumors at days 14 and 21, however, neutrophil-depletion increased the fraction of dead NK cells at day 14 (Figure 1d: 32.2% vs. 19.2%; P = 0.042). Thus, neutrophils in tumors may prevent NK cells from cell death induction during HP, leading to the significant antitumor effect. Conclusions: NK cells play a major role in the antitumor effect in the early period after syngeneic HSCT. The neutrophils in tumors may support a sustained antitumor effect of NK cells. This novel relationship reveals an important aspect of antitumor immunity induction in HSCT recipients and may contribute to the development of effective therapeutic strategy for cancer using HSCT. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


There are 25 ethnic minority areas in Yunnan Province, most of which are in remote or mountainous areas, with the influence of lagging economic development and geographical factors. the problem of preschool education in these ethnic minority areas is more prominent. As the beginning of lifelong learning, preschool education occupies an important position in the national education system. In recent years, many policies have been introduced in China, which have been effective in promoting preschool education. But it has been found that factors such as the lag in economic development level, backward parents' attitudes, overall insufficient and uneven allocation of pre-school education funds, "bilingual" teaching obstacles, and lack of teacher theory are the main bottleneck obstacles to the development of pre-school education in ethnic minority areas in Yunnan Province. This article tries to expound the bottleneck of the development of preschool education in Yunnan ethnic minority areas and make an in-depth analysis of it, according to the local conditions, it proposes feasible solutions such as setting up preschool education institutions in various forms, broadening the channels of capital investment, helping parents establish correct educational concepts, promoting the quality of bilingual teaching, strengthening the construction of teachers, promoting curriculum and teaching reform, and developing preschool education courses with national characteristics.in order to promote the balanced development of pre-school education in Yunnan ethnic areas.


When the hook mass is greater than the load mass or the load has a distributed mass property, the load sway of the crane system can be considered as a double-pendulum. At this point, the crane system has two kinds of natural angular frequency which greatly increases the difficulty of the dynamic analysis and the controller design. To this end, the linear dynamics of a 2-D overhead crane with double-pendulum effect is derived based on a disturbance observer and is decoupled for controller design by modal analysis. Second, an S-shaped curve, which is widely used in the control fields, is applied to the linearized decoupling crane model. The trajectory parameters are obtained by solving the algebraic equation. Finally, the validity of the method is verified by simulation results.


The ability to site‐selectively modify micro‐ and nanosized particles has allowed for directed self‐assembly in two and three dimensions. Site‐selective modification of particles can be a complicated task requiring the pre‐organization of particles or enhanced particle fabrication methods. The aluminum silicate, zeolite L has been reported to undergo site‐specific modification at the zeolite channel entrances, post‐fabrication in a solution‐based method. The process by which the channel entrances are site selectively modified is explored here. The preliminary step of charging the zeolite channels with aqueous acid allows for catalysis of covalent bond formation at the channel entrances. Three new end‐specific modification reagents are described based on silanol and silyl ether functional groups. These reagents are purified by column chromatography and characterized by1H NMR spectroscopy and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS); they provide for reliable end modification of zeolites L. Preferential reactivity at the channel entrances is also observed. The utility of the approach is demonstrated by modifying zeolite L with adamantane at the channel entrances. Site‐specific self‐assembly with β‐cyclodextrin coated gold nanoparticles can be triggered with a chemical stimulus. The resulting multivalent host‐guest interactions give gold clustered nanoparticles at the ends of the micrometer‐sized zeolites.


of Saccharomyces cerevisiae subjected to diurnal temperature cycles 2 3 Marit Hebly, Dick de Ridder, Erik A.F. de Hulster, Pilar de la Torre Cortes , Jack T. Pronk 4 and Pascale Daran-Lapujade 5 6 Industrial Microbiology Section, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2628 7 BC Delft, The Netherlands; Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, 2628 BC Delft, The 8 Netherlands; Netherlands Consortium for Systems Biology, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 9 The Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Intelligent Systems, Delft University of Technology, 10


A method using an interactive proof component during the boot process, comprising the steps of: in response to determining that the use of the interactive component, an interactive input associated read; determining whether to trust the input; in response to determining that the input should trust , processing the input to create a trusted secret value, further comprising: in response to a subsequent read interactive input, then the interactive input with one or more trusted secret values match, then to determine whether to trust interactive input.


RELATIVELY LTxLE Is KNOWN about the operation of legal systems in India during the period of Muslim political dominance, primarily because most disputes were settled outside of the courts that were maintained by the ruling powers. Even during the Mughal period, when the government was more highly centralized than at any other time before the British conquest, Mughal law enforcement seldom reached the village level. Only in cases where there had been a very considerable breach of the peace, or where the revenue of the village had not been paid, were villagers likely to come into contact with Mughal law enforcement officials. One reason why the Mughal legal system was relatively undeveloped in the rural areas was that the Mughals possessed neither the manpower nor the means of communications that would enable them to staff and operate such a system of courts extensive enough to provide convenient access to the villagers. A much more important factor, however, was that there was little need for the Mughals to establish such a system, since more localized and largely customary structures for settling disputes and keeping the peace existed almost everywhere, and operated independently of the Mughals. Intravillage disputes and infractions of local rules would be settled within the village, and disputes among members of the same caste might be settled by the caste panchayat or by a member of the ruling group of the area, who also might be called upon to settle intervillage disputes. In northern India, political control often was exercised at the subdistrict level by lineages, and members of these ruling lineages would be called upon to settle intervillage and other disputes that could


An existing netted jackal-proof fence was electrified to stop mammals burrowing under it. Electrification reduced the number of holes being dug under the fence by 93%. As a result, fence maintenance was sharply reduced and the movement of black-backed jackals was contained. Further advantages and economic implications are discussed.


This study aims to propose and demonstrate a case study of a novel animated music video production based on the implementation of the user centred rationale and, in turn, to recommend the standard operation procedure (SOP) and design guidelines for future study. The comprehensive literatures concerning motion capture systems and user-centred design have been reviewed. The context of use is defined based on a proposed 'STEP' approach and an animated music video designed and exhibited. Finally, the results are discussed and the problems encountered during the study highlighted.


The effect of anisotropy on the pore pressure development for clay is investigated. A rotational yield surface is presented by introducing the Sekiguchi-Ohta stress ratio and Xin's failure equation into the Modified Cam Model; and an anisotropic elastoplastic model is built. Based on this model, a new anisotropic pore pressure equation is presented, which can account for the pore pressure development induced by the rotation of Lode angle and principal stress. The equation is used to study the pore pressure development induced by the rotation of the Lode angle and stress axis direction under triaxial stress state. Finally, the pore pressure development in the plane strain anisotropic clay foundation under an strip load is analyzed by the equation. Results show that the pore pressure induced by the Lode angle rotation is small in the foundation. However, in the soil under the edge of load, pore pressure induced by the rotation of stress axis direction is significant, especially at a lower depth.


The main result of this paper is the proof of the conjecture on the existence of a family of commuting motion integrals for quantum-mechanical systems related to affine Lie algebras. The conjecture was stated by Reyman and Semenov-Tian-Shansky in [ 1 ]. The state space of such systems can be identified with a function space W on a group of currents which are transformed in some special manner under the action of left shifts on the group elements. For us it is only essential that the space W is closed under right shifts and, consequently, is a module over an algebra of currents. A Hamiltonian is some operator Η: W -* W and a motion integral is an operator A :W -> W such that [A, W] = 0. Therefore every commutative subalgebra of a universal enveloping algebra of currents determines a family of commuting motion integrals.


Summary

Stream conservation and restoration strategies commonly focus on preserving extant riparian forest and restoring riparian habitat. Though these practices are beneficial to stream habitat, they may not suffice to restore stream condition in catchments heavily influenced by intensive land use.
To evaluate this hypothesis, we measured invertebrate populations in 12 streams affected by different land-use types (cultivated, developed, forested and grassland). Within each stream, we compared reaches with and without riparian buffers of remnant mature forest. Within each reach, we calculated the relative abundance of individuals from the insect orders Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera (%EPT) and assessed specific conductance, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature and substratum composition.
Forested catchments had the highest %EPT (average 23.8) followed by grassland (16.1), cultivated (1.96) and developed (0.31). Reaches with forested buffers present were not associated with higher %EPT in forested, cultivated or developed catchments. In grassland catchments, however, %EPT was about eightfold higher in reaches with forested buffers than those without.
High values of %EPT were associated with large stream substratum and low specific conductance and temperature, which were most common in forested catchments. Developed and cultivated catchments did not follow this pattern, %EPT being uniformly low, even where abiotic conditions were similar to forested catchments.
These results confirm that intensive urban and cultivated land uses at the catchment scale degrade stream biological communities. They also indicate that patchy forested riparian corridors, as found in many restoration projects, are probably insufficient to mitigate severe, large-scale biological degradation.


Summary A 66‐year‐old woman presented with a 6‐week history of an indolent ulcerating lesion on the anterior chest wall. She had a past medical history of pulmonary tuberculosis which had been treated successfully in 1947. Biopsy of the ulcer showed granulomas and acid‐fast bacilli. Cultures grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis, sensitive to all antituberculous drugs. After 7 months of treatment with isoniazid and rifampicin, there was little sign of healing. A sinogram showed a fistula leading into the plombage mass in the left upper lobe. Surgery to remove the plombage and excise the fistula was planned but was rejected by the patient as the risks of this operation are considerable. With continued antituberculous medication the discharge has reduced although the ulcer has not healed.


Sunset Yellow and chitosan hydrochloride could form ionic associate by associated reaction to cause this system remarkable of the resonance Rayleigh scattering(RRS).In the system of the BR in 1.0 mL pH 5.5 buffer solution,the Resonance Rayleigh scattering intensity reached maximum,the reaction can be completed quickly within 5 min at room temperature.The RRS intensity is proportional to the concentration of Sunset Yellow in the range of 0.6~9 μg·mL-1.The method shows high sensitivity and good selectivity,with the detection limit for Sunset Yellow being 0.395 μg·mL-1(n=5).It can be applied to the determination of Sunset Yellow in beverage.The obtained recoveries were in the range of 93.0~101.8%,with the RSD(n=5)of 1.8~3.4%.


An attempt is made to forbid the unwanted processes involving leptons by assuming the conservation law of lepton number and that of neutrino charge. To do this, suithble assignment of these quantum numbers to each lepton is necessary in addition to the assumption of the existence of two kinds of neutrinos (a right circularly polarized neutrino and a left polarized neutrino). The neutrinoless lepton processes are successfully forbidden, except for the lepton pair processes, and the theoretical predictions for the pi -- mu --e-decay and the beta -decay agree well with experiment. In the pi - mu --e-decay and the beta -decay, the vector and axial vector couplings are preferable if the interaction Hamiltonians are wrltten in the form of charge exchange theory. The other sort of unwanted processes than neutrinoless ones, pi -- e + nu and pi -- e + nu + gamma , are relatively (or dynamically) forbidden from the view-polnt of the universal Fermi interaction. (auth)


OBJECTIVE
To find out the epidemiology of bacteria infection after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).

METHOD
Postoperative bacteria infection of 451 OLT cases were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULT
Bacteria infection were detected in 239 OLT cases, and the infection rate was 52.9%. Sum up to 304 bacilli lines were separated from all above cases. Among them, the detectable Gram-positive bacilli (G(+)) accounted for 59.9% (182/304), while Gram-negative bacilli (G(-)) accounted for 40.2% (122/304). The impressionable organ were respiratory tract and bile duct, which occupying 81.5% (248/304) and 15.1% (46/304) among all infective cases respectively. The main infected strain were G(+) bacteria in respiratory tract, account for 65.3%; while G(-) bacteria were mainly in bile duct, account for 60.9%. There was significant difference between each other (P = 0.018).

CONCLUSIONS
The bacteria infection rate was high after OLT, and the main infected strain was the G(+) bacteria. Most fo them were the opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and the antibiotic multi-resistant bacteria. The bacteria category was significantly related to the infected tissue, according to which we could adopt corresponding antibacterial approach.


A new approach to the study of plastic flow in semiconductors is introduced. By analyzing relaxation of misfit strain in metastable strained-layer structures, the effects of resolved shear stress up to several GPa can be examined, at least an order of magnitude larger than is accessible using conventional loading techniques. This new approach is used to study stress-dependent dislocation dynamics in silicon-germanium crystals at resolved shear stresses as high as 2.6 GPa. The results are consistent with a conventional picture of dislocation dynamics which includes climb and glide processes, where the glide activation energy depends linearly on the applied stress.


Photograph of two Mayborn School of Journalism graduates standing with other graduates beneath the UNT Coliseum. Both have on their regalia and are wearing Mayborn Medallions. They're all waiting for the Bachelor's Commencement ceremony to begin.


For years, gene therapy was heralded as a technology that would soon yield blockbuster drug innovations. The National Institutes of Health issued thousands of grants to pursue the research, hundreds of patents have been granted on the technology, and more than 150 biotechnology companies have been created in the last 15 years to exploit it. In 1997 alone, the peak year, 24 such companies were created, said Dr. Sheldon Krimsky, a professor at Tufts University.


The purpose of this communication is to report the joint efforts of this Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics, and Comdyna, Inc., in designing and building a multiple-dose generator. The need for this equipment for use with analog computers in simulating repeated dosage regimens in drug-kinetics studies is evident in at least three recent papers. Lordil discusses a circuit for use with a TR20 analog computer, but his approach lacks the flexibility to vary dose concentrations and to vary the time period between successive doses. Kirschner2 designed circuitry for multiple-dose generation using both analog and digital logic components, but his approach also lacks the flexibility to vary the time period between successive doses. Niebergal13 notes that multiple-dosing regimens can be simulated on analog computers (see his references) but that the analog method is extremely cumbersome. He also cites Kirschner's paper and sees his circuitry as expensive and not readily available.


The telegrapher's equation (TE) is the continuum limit of a persisting random walker. We find that the TE reproduces the original spectrum almost exactly for all wavelengths---far beyond the validity of the expansion. This surprising property is used as a paradigm towards the derivation of a generalized hydrodynamics. Applications to other problems are explored.


This research focuses on blast-furnace cement type A which has hardly been produced despite adapted to Japan industry standard. This paper presents the effect of anhydrite and limestone powder on the strength development and hydration of blast-furnace slag cement type A. Degree of hydration of cement compounds and blast-furnace slag, and amount of hydration products were determined quantitatively by powder X-ray diffraction/Rietveld analysis using an external standard. From the results of this study, following conclusion was obtained. The compressive strength of mortar using a blast-furnace slag cement type A having 20% of blast furnace slag had become 25% lower than that of Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at early age, and was equivalent to OPC by age of 91 days. Effect of anhydrite and limestone powder on the strength development of blast-furnace slag cement type A could be explained well by a change of degree of hydration of cement compounds and blast-furnace slag, amount of hydration products and capillary pore volume obtained by hydration reaction analysis.本研究では現在JIS規格はあるがほとんど生産されていない高炉セメントA種に着目し、高炉セメントA種の強度発現と水和反応に及ぼす無水石こうや石灰石微粉末の影響について検討した。水和反応の評価にはX線回折/リートベルト解析の外部標準法を用いた。その結果、高炉スラグ微粉末の混合量が20%の高炉セメントA種を用いたモルタル圧縮強度は、初期材齢で普通ポルトランドセメント(OPC)の75%程度、材齢91日までにOPCと同等となった。無水石こうや石灰石微粉末の混和による圧縮強度の変化は、水和反応解析により求めたセメントや高炉スラグ微粉末の反応率、水和生成物量、空隙量の変化でよく説明できた。


An optical fiber sensor is reported which is capable of detecting ethanol in water supplied. A single optical fiber sensor was incorporated into a 1km length of 62.5 μm core diameter polymer-clad silica (PCS) optical fiber. In order to maximize sensitivity, a U bend configuration was used for the sensor where the cladding was removed and the core exposed directly to the fluid udner test. The sensor was interrogated using Optical Time Domain Reflectometry, OTDR as it is intended to extend this work to multiple sensors on a single fiber. In this investigation the sensor as exposed to air, water and alcohol. The signal processing technique has been desigend to optimize the neural network adopted in the existing sensor system. In this investigation the FFT is used and its application leads to an improvement in efficiency of the neural network i.e. minimizing the computing resources. Using SNNS, a feed forward three layer neural network was constructed with the number of input nodes corresponding to the number points required to represent the sensor frequency domain response.


As an important exploration target in the Sichuan Basin, the Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation has been previously interpreted to be deposited in the trough-platform margin system according to the genetic model of classic lithofacies paleogeography. However, this model does not apply to the northwestern Sichuan Basin. Accordingly, this study proposed a new genetic model that highlighted the carbonate ramp based on the outcrop sections, drilling and logging data, and seismic sections. A large-scale regional regression was found to occur in Sichuan Basin at the end of the Late Permian, leading to the evolution of the original Kaijiang-Liangping Trough into a very shallow tidal flat/lagoon environment at the beginning of the Early Triassic. The sedimentary pattern during the Early Triassic was different from that during the Late Permian. A total of six long-term cycles (LSC1-LSC6) were identified within the Feixianguan Formation. The deposition of LSC1-LSC3 witnessed the filling of the trough to a large extent, and the depositional periods of LSC4 and LSC5 were the main shoal-forming periods. The Feixianguan Formation in the study area was speculated to be deposited in the continuous continental carbonate ramp. With the intensified uplifting of the Longmenshan island chain and the Kangdian ancient land on the northwestern margin of the Upper Yangtze Platform, a large number of terrigenous materials were input into the study area from west to east, leading to the continuous eastward migration of the carbonate facies belt during the deposition of the Fei 1 and Fei 2 Members. Meanwhile, large-area inner-ramp shoal bodies were formed during the deposition of LSC5. It became possible to find a giant gas reservoir belt in the Feixianguan Formation of the northwestern Sichuan Basin and the results of this study provide a new complement to the existing classic trough-platform margin shoal-forming model.


This paper introduces the history, classes and characters of cryptography and indicates the necessity of guard against code theft. In order to protect just identity and secret information, a new kind of cryptography and its application and advantages has been given and analyzed. To develop a better character of guard against theft, the operator must rightly use fixed first code with validation code which is decided by algorithm of each time to pass identity verification. The paper illuminates the theory of software control, puts forward a novel secure cryptography that has not been found before.


Abstract Health Care Workers (HCWs) are at high risk of exposure to COVID-19 when providing care to patients. We investigated the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among HCWs in the EU/EEA and discuss the factors which influence this uptake.- The aim of this study was to compare, by country, COVID-19 vaccination uptake by HCWs from January to June 2021, to assist with policy making and prospective planning in these countries during the current pandemic and into the future. The study population included all the countries in the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA). The secondary data file was downloaded from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) website Descriptive and comparative data were analysed and presented using Excel and Chi-square test of hypothesis. The percentage of HCWs in EU/EEA countries ranged from 1.2% to 5.1% per population. From January to June 2021, the percentage of first and second dose vaccinations of HCWs ranged from 20% to 100% and from 21% to 100%, respectively. The Comirnaty-Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine (COM) was the most administered vaccine in all EU/EEA countries, followed by the Moderna mRNA-1273 vaccine (MOD) and the Astra-Zeneca-Vaxzevria vaccine (AZ). The Janssen-Ad26.COV 2.5 vaccine (Janss) use ranged from 0.1% to 4.8% for the one dose vaccine. Hungary was the only country that administered the Sputnik V vaccine (SPU) and the Beijing CNBG vaccine (BECNBG). In January 2021, a median of 29% of HCWs received their first dose of COVID-19 vaccination. Italy was the only country with a mandatory vaccination policy for HCWs. Vaccination uptake rates were statistically different among EU countries (p < 0.05). Data such as these could be used in mathematical modelling potential future pandemics to predict vaccine up-take by selected, exposed, vulnerable sectors of the population, for whom it is relevant. Key messages • Vaccine hesitancy in healthcare workers. • Planning for the next pandemic.


A UML protocol state machine describes a behavioral interface for a class as a number of states and transitions between states triggered by method calls. In this paper, we present an approach to generate behavioral class interfaces in the form of class contracts from UML protocol state machines. The generated contracts can be used for documentation, test case generation, test case oracle, and as run-time assertions and thus help to test and validate the implementation of a class against its interface. We formalize protocol state machines with its structure and semantics for generating class contracts. The state invariants of the source and target states are considered along with the pre- and post-conditions of the transitions. Different types of transitions like simple, join, fork, high-level, and self transitions are supported, as well as non-deterministic behavior. The approach is supported by a tool to generate automatically the contracts from UML models.


The monitor system for power cable trench bought up in this paper is a novel design based on CAN bus and Ethernet. It can monitor, detect, control the cable trenches and has many functions like information collecting, A/D conversing, data processing and storing, color LCD display, CAN bus and Ethernet transmission. During the monitor procedure, the data collecting and transmission layer collects information from trenches and sends them to the data displaying and controlling layer. The data displaying and controlling layer embedded μC/OSⅡ is designed as a gateway between the CAN bus and Ethernet. Through a constructed TCP/IP protocol stack, the data displaying and controlling layer sends information to the information management layer in form of IP packets. The information management layer is a software system based on JSP, it can debug and combine monitoring signals from trenches and sensors. The system can monitor information of methane, CO, CO2, temperature, liquid level, intrusion, smoke and H2S in trenches. The results of practical application indicate that the monitor system for cable trench can work stably, reliably and effectively.


The mechanism of the parasite to induce alterations in host behavior is suggested due to changes in the dopaminergic system. This study aims to clarify the effects of latent toxoplasmosis on infected mice's behavior and to assess the dopamine neurotransmitter in their brains. Experimental infection with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and monitoring of behavioral alterations in mice using open field and hole-board tests were carried. Mice were sacrificed, then brains histo-pathologically and neuro-chemically assessed. Open field test revealed a decrease in locomotion in both infected mice genders, whereas the hole-board test displayed an increased level of exploration only by infected female mice. Significant changes in the dopamine concentration in the brain with regard to status of infection were detected. The results suggest an association between T. gondii infection and changes in the behavior. Neuromodulators may represent an ideal mechanism by which T. gondii, at least in part of the expression, can influence the behavior of the infected animal or even human host.


1,2,3‐Trimethoxypropane (2), 1‐alkoxy‐2,3‐dimethoxy‐propanes, and 1‐aryloxy‐2,3‐dimethoxypropanes were prepared in good yields and selectivity by solid–liquid phase‐transfer catalysis in the presence of an inorganic base and an ammonium salt as the phase‐transfer catalyst with no additional solvent. No heating was required, and the synthesis was easily performed under atmospheric pressure on a 150 g scale. For the preparation of 2, the conversion of glycerol was complete and the selectivity for the expected glycerol trimethylether was above 95 %. This product was utilized as a solvent in organic reactions such as transesterifications between glycerol and vegetable oil, organometallic reactions (Grignard‐ and Barbier‐type reactions), carbon–carbon coupling reactions (Suzuki, Sonogashira, Heck), and in etherification reactions by dehydrogenative alkylation. The solvent showed interesting properties for the solubilization of polymers.