W appreciate the thoughtful consideration our colleagues have given the somewhat new and unfamiliar directions taken in our paper. From varied perspectives, their commentaries raise numerous points for further dialogue regarding the fundamental assumptions underlying a view that privileges the implicit process between analyst and patient. While it is tempting to engage in dialogue concerning all the points raised, we will confine our closing comments to those we consider most salient and crucial to the theoretical framework we are proposing. First, we should brief ly clarify that we do not view sloppiness per se as the "something more than interpretation" that leads to change. Rather, we describe sloppiness as an inescapable feature of therapeutic exchanges (at the local level) that is used in the service of co-creating new ways of fitting together. Sloppiness encompasses the spontaneous, improvisational, unexpected interpersonal events that "pop up" in interaction and then can be captured to catalyze intersubjective moments of meeting and bring about change. House and Portuges translate sloppiness and fuzzy intentionalizing into "the complexity and difficulty of communication between two people," whereas we f ind that the two concepts move us toward elucidating this very "difficulty."


Abstract : Measurements of the fast neutron spectrum and angular distribution in a large assembly of paraffin wax (CH2) were performed. Two targets were irradiated with a pulsed electron beam from a linear accelerator, one an essentially point isotropic fission spectrum source and the other a narrow photoneutron source for small angle measurements. The time-of-flight technique was employed to measure the energy from approximately 0.3 Mev to approximately 15 Mev with an energy resolution of 10 percent. Estimated error in the spectrum is =10 percent from 0.5 to 8 Mev and =20 percent outside this range. The source spectra were measured in air for input to calculations. Data were obtained at 0 deg up to 15 cm penetration with preliminary results to 45 cm. Angular flux measurements were made up to 60 deg at 30 cm, with preliminary data at 8 deg and 45 cm. The results, within the stated accuracy and resolution, should be suitable for testing analytical techniques and corresponding shielding codes. (Author)


Analysis and study is made with respect to problems existing in the management of a business concern's accounts receivable in the article, considerations and methods are put forwand deal with the problems. Besides, the article discusses how a business concern manages the account sales in a normative way.


Two areas in the aspen parkland/northern fescue grassland natural subregion transition zone of Alberta were investigated for quantifying the magnitude and character of aspen encroachment. Aerial photography spanning almost 50 years was compiled, digitized and analysed for 3 sections of land in the Rumsey area and 1 section in the Hand Hills area. The analysis included the conversion of the aerial photographs to binary images that were combined to determine both quantitative and visual extent of the aspen encroachment. Further analysis included precipitation and topographic associations with aspen expansion to investigate these variables as controlling factors. Aspen clones showed a 3 to 9 times increase in area in the Rumsey and Hand Hills sections, with brush occupying between 14.6 % and 21.2% in the Rumsey sections, and 4.3% in the Hand Hills section. The Hand Hills aspen expansion rate and mean annual precipitation were highly correlated, with rates increasing during periods with mean precipitation of 450 mm or greater. A digital terrain model comparison was used to investigate brush expansion rate differences in two of the Rumsey sections. Favorable sites for aspen expansion were derived and added to the binary image maps. Favorable sites at the northern site with the lower expansion rate were found to be 76.5% occupied by brush while only 47.9% of the sites in the southern section with the higher expansion rate were occupied by brush. Observational evidence related to suppression of aspen expansion by grazing and to aspen clone senescence and succession is briefly discussed.


Gas-solid two phase flows are encountered in number of industrial applications such as pneumatic transport, catalytic cracking, coal combustors. The paper aims at presenting the numerical model of gas-solid flows which have been developed for several years at the Laboratoire National d`Hydraulique of Electricite de France and its application to the prediction of an industrial CFB Boiler.


This paper presents some experimental data relating to SiC devices based on substrates grown by the Lely method. These devices were developed on p- and n-type epilayers grown by the method of sublimation on the (0001)Si plane of the substrates. Investigation of devices parameters in the wide temperature region of 300-800 K were made. In these devices, parameters and concentration of deep centers and there influence on the processes of radiationless recombination have been investigated.


Perovskite compounds have received keen interest from academic research due to their unique properties such as ferroelectric, pyroelectric, piezoelectric, and dielectric properties. Nano sized oxides of strontium doped barium zirconate of general formula Ba1-xSrxZrO3 (x= 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) have been prepared by a solid-state procedure. The surface morphology, microstructure, and phase analysis, of the sintered ceramics were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Scanning electron microscopic studies showed the formation of cubic and hexagonal nanoparticles with an average grain size of 1.6μm±0.47 and 0.82±0.35μm. Dielectric studies were carried out as a function of frequency to explore the electrical properties of Sr-doped BaZrO3.


Effectively suppress the external light scattering on the display screen such as a touch panel, a black floating resistance (spot contrast) and the electrode and enables the improvement of the pattern non-visibility, the metallic nanowires, and metal nanowires having a high total light transmittance comprising a transparent conductive film and a manufacturing method, an information input apparatus having a dispersion, wherein the transparent conductive film comprising the metal nanowires and provides an electronic apparatus comprising the transparent conductive film. Metal nanowires, metal nano-wire body, wherein the metal nano has a colored compound adsorbed on the wire body, wherein the ferrous compound is a dye, and 0.5% by mass to 10 with respect to the adsorption amount of the colored compound, and the metal nanowires body It is% by weight.


In this paper, we present a parallel implementation of an image feature extraction task on Connection Machine CM-5. We show that, given a 2048 2048 grey level image as input, the extraction of image features, which includes edge detection, thinning, linking, and linear approximation, can be performed in less than 1.2 seconds on a partition of CM-5 having 512 processing nodes. A serial implementation on a Sun Sparc 400 takes more than 8 minutes. Experimental results on various sizes of images using various partitions of CM-5 are also reported. The software has been developed in a modular fashion to permit various techniques to be employed for the individual steps of the processing. Our technique starts by modeling the communication and computation features of the machine. Using this model, scalable algorithms are designed.


Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been studied during the standardization of the new radio (NR), fifth generation (5G) of mobile communications systems. It has been shown that NOMA could potentially offer a robust performance in highly interfered scenarios. Despite the observed capacity gain and performance, the issue of NOMA receiver complexity may remain as a potential impediment to adoption of NOMA. The proposed advanced receivers for NOMA are more complex than regular interference cancellation receivers used in base stations. A typical advanced receiver for NOMA is composed of a core multi user detector (MUD) and a forward error correction (FEC) decoder that iteratively attempts to estimate and suppress multi-user interference. At each iteration, interference from previously decoded users are reconstructed and cancelled allowing remaining users to be successfully decoded. Among the proposed advanced receivers for NOMA, receivers using expectation propagation algorithm (EPA) has attracted much attention due its high performance. However, high complexity of such iterative decoding architectures has shadowed their performance and capability. In this paper, we investigate the performance of a simplified version of such iterative MUD receiver such as EPA receiver. According to our evaluations, the simplified receiver can maintain a similar performance as the original EPA receiver for packets with low code rates in both low and high interference environment. In case of packets with a higher code rate, the performance is only marginally degraded.


Genetically informative designs can illuminate the possible 'outside-the-skin' environmental exposures through which genetic risk for alcohol use disorder is transmitted in families.


ABSTRACT In this study, the large-scale apparatus used to examine vacuum preloading in conjunction with conventional surcharge loading. Several tests were performed to examine the effect of a vacuum and determine parameters such as the extent of smear zone and the soil permeability characteristics. The settlement and excess pore pressure associated with a combined vacuum and surcharge load indicates that applying a vacuum has specific benefits. The analytical modeling of one-dimensional consolidation by vertical drains with vacuum preloading considering both variation of soil compressibility and permeability is used to predict the soil consolidation behavior. It is shown that the analytical model can reasonably predict the laboratory behavior. 1. INTRODUCTION Kjellman (1952) Introduced vacuum preloading method via vertical drains to improve the soft soil properties such as soil compressibility and shear strength. An effective stress in the soil mass is increased by the application of suction pressure (Qian et al. 1992). This method can accelerate the consolidation process without additional surcharge load. A system of vertical drains incorporating surcharge and vacuum preloading has been successfully applied in large highway and port projects (Indraratna et al. 2004, Chu et al. 2000). Mohamedelhassan and Shang (2002) discussed the application of vacuum pressure and its benefits, but without any prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs). In this paper, a series of large-scale testing is presented to study the effect of vacuum and surcharge load. Subsequently, an analytical solution for radial consolidation incorporating vacuum effect introduced by Indraratna et al. (2005) was employed to predict the vacuum consolidation responses. The advantages of vacuum-surcharge were discussed. 2. TEST APPARATUS AND SOIL PROPERTIES Figure 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of the large-scale radial drainage consolidation cell at the University of Wollongong. The main body of the cell consists of two stainless steel half sections (450 mm inside diameter by 950 mm high) with flanges either side that allows them to be bolted together. The cell stands on a steel base. In order to reduce the friction effect along the boundary of the cell a 1.5 mm thick, ultra smooth Teflon sheet (friction <0.03) was inserted around the internal circumference. The surcharge loading system with a maximum capacity of 1200 kN was applied by an air jack compressor system via a 50mm thick rigid piston, while a vacuum loading system with a maximum capacity of 100 kPa was applied through a hole in the centre of the rigid piston. The instrumentation, including a Linear Variable Differential Transducer (LVDT) and miniature pore pressure transducers, were installed to monitor the consolidation. The porous stone tips were saturated under vacuum and kept there using thin, adjustable, plastic tubes. The cell can also be equipped with a specially designed mandrel which enables a prefabricated vertical drain to be inserted vertically along the central axis of the cell. The amount of soil required for each sample for the large-scale consolidometer is about 0.14m


"Understanding disaster risk" is the first priority action of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. During the Global Forum on Science and Technology for Disaster Resilience, held in Tokyo in November 2017, one of the working groups focused on this priority action and discussed the key aspects associated with understanding disaster risk. These included root causes and disaster risk drivers, disaster risk data, disaster risk assessment, disaster risk mapping, and collaboration among stakeholders. This paper reviews and illustrates the above topics by using three examples of the most devastating disasters of recent times: the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, the 2010 Haiti earthquake, and the 2011 Great East Japan (Tohoku) Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster. The Indian Ocean tsunami, generated by the gigantic Sumatra-Andaman earthquake (magnitude M 9.1), caused 228,000 casualties from 14 countries because of its unexpected magnitude, the lack of knowledge on tsunamis and absence of an early warning system, and high levels of vulnerable populations, particularly elderly people, children, women, and foreign tourists. The 2010 Haiti earthquake, despite its smaller magnitude of M 7.0, also caused a similar number of casualties because of very high levels of vulnerability and exposure. Particularly relevant was the non-existence of building codes, political instability, extreme poverty, and poor health conditions. The 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster, caused by the gigantic Tohoku earthquake (M 9.0), produced approximately 22,000 casualties with a large proportion of elderly people, mostly because of wide spread, huge tsunamis. It also triggered the accident at the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station, which is an example of a natural hazard triggering technological disaster. By examining these cases and based on the discussions carried out during the Forum, the working group adopted five recommendations.


Water shut-off treatments (WSOT) are routinely performed on wells in the carbonate formation, in one of Saudi Aramco's oil fields that are dead, have high water cut, or low-flowing wellhead pressure. WSOT using through-tubing bridge plugs (TTBP) in both open-hole and cased-hole completions have been employed. Such a treatment was successfully applied in zones that are 100% swept by the water flooding and are no longer contributing oil and in high permeability zones (super-K) located in the lower interval. These wells were then activated and have been placed on production. The field results from 40 bottom water shut-off jobs, using TTBP technique, are presented. The 1990 -1996 water shut-off jobs added a total of 88.0 MBD of producible potential. In addition, the application of TTBP method increased recoverable reserves and avoided expensive workover costs. This paper presents data to show that TTBP technique is very effective compared to other methods of water shut-off jobs. Significant cost reductions are realized. The success ratio of this treatment in the open-hole completion (OH) can be as high as the cased-hole (CH) completion, provided that a 'gauge' hole exists.


The use of distributed filtering to realize arbitrary scalar system outputs from the output of a distributed sensor is described. The set of scalar position measurements realizable using traditional point sensors is a subset of the set of scalar outputs realizable using distributed sensing over point sensing. Several examples are provided to illustrate applications of distributed filtering. It is shown that distributed-effect sensors can be used to implement functional observers, providing a significant reduction in compensator order.<<ETX>>


This thesis explores post-socialist cultural practices, globalization, and conceptions of modernity through the lens of food. Socialist influence remains visible in Poland's collective memory, architecture, symbols, political and economic systems, and, as examined in this thesis, foodways. Linking macroeconomic and political upheaval with multigenerational ethnography, this project examines how everyday foodways have transitioned in Poland post-1989. Under socialism, chronic food shortages prompted Polish cooks to learn "… jak zrobic coś z niczego " ("…how to make something from nothing"). Ethnography with a typical middle-class Polish family reveals that they have incorporated new ingredients, recipes, and cuisines into their repertoire as the country has become more integrated into the global market. They retain, however, food practices that challenge Western conceptions of modernity, including growing home gardens, home-distilling liqueurs, and reviving regional culinary traditions. Combining ethnographic fieldwork in Poland with archival research using Przyjaciolka magazine, I explore perceptions and realities of life in the Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa (Polish People's Republic) and the increasingly globalized orientation of the current generation.


Purinergic signaling regulates key functions of the renal tubules, including salt and water transport. Due to ectonucleotidase activity along the nephron, it has been suggested that ATP is locally released by tubular cells. Previously, we have shown that the gap junction protein connexin 30 (Cx30) plays a role in ATP release and purinergic mediation of salt reabsorption in the distal nephron/collecting duct. A new candidate for ATP transport is the pannexin1 hemichannel (Px1) which is sensitive to mechanical stress, allows the passage of ATP and unlike Cxs, is insensitive to [Ca2+]e. Therefore we tested the hypothesis that Px1 hemichannels may also mediate ATP release in the distal nephron. Using immunofluorescence, we observed Px1 in the distal convoluted tubules, thin limbs, and select cells of the cortical collecting duct. Px1 function was tested using a luciferase‐based ATP assay and a dye uptake assay in two renal epithelial cell types that endogenously express Px1: MDCK and M1. Px1 was inhibited with either probenecid or Px1 siRNA. Probenecid significantly inhibited ATP release in both M1 (by ~60%) and MDCK (by ~40%) cell types, while Px1 siRNA significantly reduced ATP release in MDCK cells only (by ~30%). Both treatments failed to significantly alter dye uptake in either cell type. Based on these results, we concluded that Px1 is co‐expressed with other Cx isoforms and may regulate ATP release in the distal nephron.


Based on the multi-layer coupled model,a new model called random multi-layer coupled model was developed with the most commonly used digital camera,taking Xinglong Mountain National Nature Reserve as field work region.An analysis of this model found that error of this method was decided by number of photos taken.With the data on vegetation cover derived from the field work,an error-photo number curve was deduced,which showed that if an error of less than 0.05 was required,the number of photos taken should be more than 15 for trees,15 for bushes and more than 10 for grass.So this model provides an accurate and fast method in observing vegetation cover in the sample areas.


Objective: To determine six effective components(triptolide,triptonide,wilforgine,wilforine,tripterine,wilforlide A) by HPLC and three effective parts by UV-Vis spectrophotometry in Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f.,then study their contents in raw materials from different areas,which offers a reliable method to scientifically evaluate and effectively control the quality of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f.and its preparation.Methods: The HPLC analysis was carried out on a Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column(4.6mm×250mm,5μm) with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-water(0.1% phosphoric acid and 0.2% triethylamine) in gradient mode.The column temperature was kept at 35℃ and the detect wavelength was set at 225nm from 0 minute to 65 minute and then changed to 210nm after 65 minute;The flow rate was 0.75mL/min and the analytic time was 80min,which was used to determine the six effective components in samples produced by ten different areas.Using triptolide,wilforine and tripterine as the contrast,total diterpenoids,total alkaloids and total triterpenes was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry.Results: There were significant differences of effective components and effective parts in Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f.from different areas.For example,the highest content of wilforgine was about 291.6 times of the lowest one,while the highest content of the total diterpenoids was about 34.7 times of the lowest one.Conclusion: The method is in good reproducibility,precision and stability and is fit to determine the six effective ingredients in Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f.At the same time,significant content difference has also been shown among different areas.It is very important to control the quality with multi-index for clinic safety.


The effect of the complex amplitude mismatch (CAM) on the performance of multiband uniformly most powerful invariant (M-UMPI) detector is studied. This optimum invariant detector assumed a fully correlated amplitude over different frequency channels (DFCs) to improve target range resolution (TRR). In this case, we obtain a closed-form expression for the detection probability of the M-UMPI under the CAM. Some simulation results are provided to evaluate the detection performance loss as well as degradation in TRR of the M-UMPI detector when there are different types of CAM over DFCs.


The driving intentions are identified, based on gear, pedal signals and vehicle status. Driving process is divided into starting mode, driving mode, reversing mode and so on. Safety management module is set, in order to control the process of power on and off, and detect the main fault related to vehicle control unit.


Objective To determine the locations and predictive factors of hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP), a serious central complication of otitis media with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antigen-associated vasculitis (OMAAV). Study Design Retrospective study. Setting University hospital. Patients Thirty-six patients with OMAAV underwent contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) of the brain, of whom 18 and 18 had or did not have HP, respectively. Main Outcome Measures The location of HP lesions, which were detected as dural thickening on CE-MRI, was reviewed. Clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and audiometric data before treatment were correlated with the occurrence of HP. Results HP lesions were most frequently observed in the middle cranial fossa, followed by the internal auditory meatus, tentorium cerebelli, and posterior cranial fossa, which were adjacent to the middle ear primary lesion. Headache was more frequently observed in patients with HP than without HP. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of the HP (+) group (median, 3.91; interquartile range, 2.50–6.06) was higher than that of the HP (−) group (median, 2.40; interquartile range, 2.01–3.03). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the NLR was 0.741. An NLR of 3.46 had the highest sensitivity (61.1%) and specificity (94.4%) for predicting HP. Other markers of systemic inflammation and comorbidities of systemic diseases were not different between the groups. Conclusions HP may not be a systemic manifestation of OMAAV but may be related to local lesions in the adjacent brain. A high NLR may be a predictive factor for comorbid HP. Therefore, CE-MRI should be considered for patients with a high NLR.


Relates to a process for the preparation of the present invention is a biodegradable polymer composition, the method, the first biodegradable polyester and masterbatch comprising the step of melt mixing the masterbatch, in the presence of a transesterification catalyst, polysaccharides, those which are separately produced by melt mixing a biodegradable polymer having a second biodegradable polyester, and pendant carboxylic acid groups.


For schools invisible without being too rigorous in the definition, we denote these groups of researchers who cite each other, so that assumptions are built in groups of scientific opinion solvent when in fact they are still a group that is supports himself.


from 28 - 33 mg·kg -1 , which is considered to be deficient. Soil B analyses from four growing areas in KwaZulu-Natal, revealed deficient levels of B, all showing concentrations of less than 1 mg·kg -1 . Field trials experimented with soil boron (in the form of Borax) application rates in the range of 5 to 60 g·m -2 ·year -1 showed all treatments successfully raised leaf boron concentration, highest application rates causing toxicity 15 months after initial application. Successful treatments in younger trees resulted in a 4% increase in mean fruit mass, and a consequent 10 % increase in yield with no significant difference in fruit numbers. Glasshouse trials showed that 'Edranol' rootstock was 40% more efficient at boron uptake than the widely used 'Duke 7' rootstock.


EARNING INCOME IN THE HOME: AN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE PREFACING A PROFILE OF HOME BASED BUSINESS OWNERS IN FRANKLIN AND BERKSHIRE COUNTIES IN MASSACHUSETTS FEBRUARY 1992 CATHARINE C. PORTER, B.S., WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY M.A., UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH Ed.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS Directed by: Kenneth A. Parker The purpose of this research was to study home based businesses from 1880-1980 with special emphasis on society's attitudes towards people who earned an income in the home. Government's role in the development of home based busi-nesses was also investigated. This information was coupled with a survey of home business owners in Franklin and Berkshire counties in Massachusetts. Findings from the research conclude that home business owners in 1980 experience the same problems and frustrations as those over the past 100 years. It is also apparent that attitudes towards work in the home have become more positive since 1960. A search of government documents provides evi¬ dence that numerous government agencies have contributed to the support of home businesses. In addition, there contin-ues to be an important place for both private and government agencies in the support of home businesses.


In this work, we propose a geodetic model for the March 2021 Thessaly seismic sequence (TSS). We used the interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) technique and exploited a dataset of Sentinel-1 images to successfully detect the surface deformation caused by three major events of the sequence and constrain their kinematics, further strengthened by seismic data analysis. Our geodetic inversions are consistent with the activation of distinct blind faults previously unknown in this region: three belonging to the NE-dipping normal fault associated with the Mw 6.3 and Mw 6.0 events, and one belonging to the SW-dipping normal fault associated with the Mw 5.6, the last TSS major event. We performed a Coulomb stress transfer analysis and a 1D pore pressure diffusivity modeling to investigate the space–time evolution of the sequence; our results indicate that the seismic sequence developed in a sort of domino effect. The combination of the lack of historical records of large earthquakes in this area and the absence of mapped surface features produced by past faulting make seismic hazard estimation difficult for this area: InSAR data analysis and modeling have proven to be an extremely useful tool in helping to constrain the rupture characteristics.


This paper will have a focus on hip hop and feminist theory. The theory is based on Judith Butler's theory of gender as discursive and performative and heterosexuality as the norm. The norm of heterosexuality is influenced by the power structure presented by Michael Foucault and his theory of sexuality and power. The material that will be investigated consists of rap lyrics from 10 Swedish hip-hop artists, and these will be analyzed by using the theory presented and with Norman Faircloughs critical discourse analysis as a method. The purpose of this paper is to explore how sexuality and gender are reproduced in rap lyrics. And to see if the heterosexual matrix as Butler believes is the governing norm formation in our society is reproduced or challenged in the texts. A reproduction of gender and sexuality within the heterosexual matrix framework allows it to be maintained and if there is something outside the "natural", there is a discrepancy and heterosexuality becomes challenged. Hiphop have both been accused of sexism and women's oppression but also been acclaimed for fine sincerity and in recent years a hint of feminism. This makes rap lyrics an interesting basis for my investigation.


Thyroid cancer is common in China. Thyroid adenocarcinoma metastases can be local or distal metastasis. Local metastasis presents as a hard and fixed lymph node in the neck, while distant metastases are found in the lung, skull, vertebrae, and pelvis. However, thyroid follicular carcinomas are mostly observed in hematogenous metastases. The thyroid adenocarcinoma and follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland are often misdiagnosed. Here, we report the case of a 53-year-old female patient. More than 2 years after her initial diagnosis, her left chest wall was physically examined. The results revealed a progressive enlargement that had a hard quality, poor activity, unclear boundary, pressure pain, and percussion pain. Thyroid follicular cell carcinoma was subsequently diagnosed and treated surgically. The thyroid carcinoma had multiple bone metastases, and the thyroid follicular carcinoma had spread to the chest wall through the blood vessels. Thus, preoperative procedures and follow-up should be strengthened because early pathological thyroid follicular carcinoma and thyroid adenoma can easily be misdiagnosed. Pathologic consultation and follow-ups should be strengthened to prevent misdiagnosis.


A radiation shield has been added to the DIII-D tokamak facility to allow an increased neutron production rate without an increased radiation exposure to the public and to personnel. The goal is to reduce the biological dose level at the site boundary by a factor of 300. Shielding analyses were performed extensively using a 3D Monte Carlo neutron-photon coupled code (MCNP) for varied geometry and material combinations. The calculated total dose at the site boundary (83 m from the tokamak) is approximately 10/sup -17/ mrem per D-D neutron with the new shield in place, and 3*10/sup -15/ mrem without the new shield.<<ETX>>


Rationale: In cardiac muscle, Ca 2 (cid:1) -induced Ca 2 (cid:1) release (CICR) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is mediated by ryanodine receptor (RyR) Ca 2 (cid:1) release channels. The inherent positive feedback of CICR is normally well-controlled. Understanding this control mechanism is a priority because its malfunction has life-threatening consequences. Objective: We show that CICR local control is governed by SR Ca 2 (cid:1) load, largely because load determines the single RyR current amplitude that drives inter-RyR CICR. Methods and Results: We differentially manipulated single RyR Ca 2 (cid:1) flux amplitude and SR Ca 2 (cid:1) load in permeabilized ventricular myocytes as an endogenous cell biology model of the heart. Large RyR-permeable organic cations were used to interfere with Ca 2 (cid:1) conductance through the open RyR pore. Single-channel studies show this attenuates current amplitude without altering other aspects of RyR function. In cells, the same experimental maneuver increased resting SR Ca 2 (cid:1) load. Despite the increased load, Ca 2 (cid:1) spark (inter-RyR CICR events) frequency decreased and sparks terminated earlier. Conclusion: Spark local control after single RyR current amplitude, not SR Ca 2 (cid:1) load per se. Spark frequency increases with load because spontaneous RyR openings at high loads produce larger currents (ie, a larger CICR trigger signal). Sparks terminate when load falls to the point at which single RyR current amplitude is no longer sufficient to sustain inter-RyR CICR. Thus, RyRs that spontaneously close no longer reopen and local Ca 2 (cid:1) release ends. ( Circ Res . 2012;111:00-00.) Permeabilized cells were placed in a standard recording solution containing 120 mmol/L K-aspartate, 5 mmol/L MgATP, 0.4 mmol/L EGTA, 10 mmol/L phosphocreatine, 10 mmol/L HEPES, 5 U/mL creatine phosphokinase, and pH 7.25. Cytosolic free Ca 2 (cid:1) and Mg 2 (cid:1) were 150 nmol/L and 1 mmol/L, respec-tively. Spark studies were performed at room temperature with Fluo-4 excited by 488 nm light and its emission monitored at (cid:2) 515 nm. Sparks were detected and analyzed using the Spark-Master program 11 with a detection threshold of 3.8. SR Ca 2 (cid:1) load was assessed by peak caffeine-evoked Ca 2 (cid:1) release or intra-SR Fluo-5N fluorescence following standard methods. 12,13 Fluo-5N was excited at 488 nm and its emission was measured at 500 to 530 nm. Summary results are presented as mean (cid:3) standard error of the mean of several individual determinations. Statistical comparisons were performed using the Student t test (unpaired, P (cid:4) 0.05).


Contents: Introduction, M.W.F. Stone Mind, language, and the Trinity in Basil of Caesarea, David G. Robertson Reason and rhetoric: Stephen Charnock on the existence of God, Carl R. Trueman No way out?, Christopher Hughes The argument from laws of nature reassessed, Richard Swinburne Where and how does God speak? Faith, reason and the question of criteria, Alan J. Torrance Science, Chesterton and the will of the Creator, Stephen R.L. Clark Can we make sense of the idea that God's existence is identical to His essence?, Howard Robinson Self-determination and moral responsibility from Calvin to Frankfurt, Thomas Pink Mystical experiences of God and the culture of science, Jerome I. Gellman Parts and properties in Christology, Richard Cross Helm's God and the authorship of sin, Peter Byrne Concept and content, Keith Hossack Multiple incarnations, Oliver D. Crisp Index.


1. The window generator (300) for providing values of the signal processing window (w (n); w (n)) for a plurality of index (n) values in the window depending on the values of one or more shape parameters of the window (310; a), which is adapted the chance to calculate the sine function for the set values of the argument associated with the index value (n) values of the window to get the value of the signal processing window, and a weighted sum of linear members (c (n)), which are linearly dependent on the values of the index (n) values of the window and the values of one or more functions of the form where one or more functions form display index value (n) values of the window to the corresponding values of the function, and wherein one or more shape functions are symmetric about a central point of the envelope window (1630) to receive the values of the argument, where driver windows (603, 604, 605, 606 ) is adapted to calculate a weighted sum of a function of one or more shape parameters of the window so that the window generator is configured to provide a plurality of different sets of values of the signal processing window w (n)), describing windows with different odds oh depending on one or more shape parameters okna.2. The signal processor (100; 1010; 1020) signal to provide a processed version (;; 112) of the input signal depending on the input signal (110; s (n); q (n)), comprising a window processor (120; 1014; 1024) forming a part of the input signal or a pre-treated version, depending on the signal processing window (1600) described the values of signal processing window (w (n); w (n)) for a plurality of index (n) values of the window values to obtain the processed version of the input signal; and former ok


The effects of light intensity(100%,62.29%,35.17%of full light radiation)and different exposure times on biological characteristics,physiological indexes and flavone content of Kalimeris indica were studied.1)With increased treatment time,the internode-length of all treatment types showed an increasing trend,but shading inhibited K.indica's internode-length elongation,especially at 62.29%of full light radiation.Shading stimulated K.indica's branching ability at 35.17% of full light radiation,but this was not significant at62.29%of full light radiation.Shading,especially light shading,inhibited erect growth of K.indica.Deeper shading(35.17%of full light radiation)was conducive to increased leaf length,width and sawtooth,but was not significant at 62.29%of full light radiation.2)Chlorophyll a,b and total chlorophyll content decreased at35.17%of full light radiation.The content of O2-·increased after an initial decrease and then decreased again with an increase of exposure time to light radiation.The activity of SOD and the MDA content increased after an initial decrease with time while the activity of POD showed the opposite trend.With a reduction of light intensity,the activity of POD and MDA content increased and the activity of SOD also increased after an initial decrease.At 35.17%of full light radiation,K.indica's CAT activity was significantly lower than that of the control.3)With a decline of light intensity,the flavonoids content decreased in the leaves,increased in the roots and was highest in the stems at 62.29%of full light radiation.


In the time of knowledge economy, economic growth depends chiefly on the production accumulation of knowledge and its renewing competence, so knowledge economy can also be called economy sustained by education. This article mainly discusses the industrialization meaning endowed with educational self-development based on knowledge economy, and the requirements of the educational industry for the universities directors in management notion, competence, etc.


Solvent shifts of ultraviolet absorption bands (relative to the gas phase) have been shown to be much less for perfluoroheptane than for n‐heptane. The oscillator strength of the 2400 A band of styrene has been measured in the gas phase and in perfluoroheptane and n‐heptane solution. Small increases were observed in solution, which are, however, less than those calculated theoretically.


Intrusion Detection System (IDS) plays an effective way to achieve higher security in detecting malicious activities for a couple of years. Anomaly detection is one of intrusion detection system. Current anomaly detection is often associated with high false alarm with moderate accuracy and detection rates when it's unable to detect all types of attacks correctly. To overcome this problem, we propose an hybrid learning approach through combination of K-Means clustering and Naïve Bayes classification. The proposed approach will be cluster all data into the corresponding group before applying a classifier for classification purpose. An experiment is carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach using KDD Cup'99 dataset. Result show that the proposed approach performed better in term of accuracy, detection rate with reasonable false alarm rate.


Neural retina has proved to be a rich source of cellular retinoid-binding proteins. Cellular proteins specific for retinol,' 1 l-cis-retinal,z and retinoic acid' have been purified to apparent homogeneity from extracts of bovine retina and an additional retinol-binding protein has been described3,14 but not isolated or characterized. The presence of these binding proteins in retina is not altogether unexpected in view of the role of vitamin A in vision. However, retinoic acid has no known function in vision, yet extracts of retina are surprisingly rich in this protein. The cellular retinoid-binding proteins of bovine retina form a strikingly similar class of proteins. Of course, each interacts with a particular retinoid to form a relatively stable, non-covalent complex and therefore must possess a hydrophobic pocket. In addition, CRalBP,? CRBP? and CRABP? are acidic proteins,' ,2 interacting strongly with basic ion exchange resins. The molecular weights of CRABP and CRBP are indistinguishable at about 16,500,' whereas the molecular weight of CRalBP is about double this value at 33,000.2 SRBP? is also acidic and relatively small (MW 21,000),4 and thus seems to share several properties with the class of cellular retinoid-binding proteins. The similarities noted above suggest that retinoid-binding proteins may share structural features and perhaps may have been derived from a common ancestral gene. We chose to examine the question of the relatedness of the binding proteins using immunological techniques.


The objective of this study is to investigate the mechanisms of Big data - based business model development in Chinese standard industries. Deductive reasoning as well as case analysis were employed to evaluate manufacturing businesses in China and confirm the devices. This process created an integrated framework with 3 components: Business model perspectives, processes together with big data driven company model advancements. Three Chinese businesses put the framework on revealing that business model development is a constant and growing process impacted by big data. Nevertheless, the study shows that limitations have a small sample size, that is typical in qualitative studies. Ideally, businesses will develop a solid infrastructure that combines the internet of things, traditional manufacturing methods and front end buyers. Furthermore, management must make sure that their organizational structure, climate, and human resources are well prepared for the transformation.


Objective:To establish a new method to assay ceftibuten in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Methods:The ceftibuten were well separated from the internal standard and plasma proteins at pH 7.0 by HPLC with restricted access stationary phases and UV de- tector. The standard curve of ceftibuten was established. Results: The recovery rates were 97.9 %-101.6% , and the coefficients of variation were 4.1 %- 7. 3 % . Conclusion: This method is easy and ac-curate to determine ceftibuten in plasma by HPLC with restricted access stationary phases. It may be applicable to quantify ceftibuten in clinic.


ABSTRACT Food science education in the United States has been markedly influenced by guidelines developed by the Institute of Food Technologists. The most recent guidelines suggested as 'minimum standards' in 1977 are followed by several institutions offering food science curricula in the US. These guidelines identify five core areas, namely, food chemistry, food microbiology, food processing, food engineering, and food analysis. These courses are supplemented with a number of prerequisite courses relevant to each area, and other required and elective courses. The intent of the 'minimum standards' is to provide a broad educational experience to a student enrolled in the food science major. Along with the suggested courses, the available resources, faculty and number of students enrolled in the food science major play an important role in the quality of educational offering. Recently, the Educational Committee of the Institute of Food Technologists has taken an aggressive role in surveying the industry and academia for suggestions to modify the 'minimum standards'. The initial results of the survey reveal important changes that are necessary in the current curricula to meet new challenges for educating the future students in food science.


great importance of this structure. What is its normal function, how does it act, and how is it related to various pathological processes, are all questions which so far are not fully answered. That it is not the double-lipped slit, so long made familiar to us by diagrams and dried specimens, has been shown not only by hardening it in situ by formalin injections, but also by Keith's1 observations on the part immediately after death. He found that by pouring hot wax into the ileum the valve closed by a definite sphincteric contraction of the circular musclefibres which surround the end of the small bowel and are contained in the lips of the valve, and there is a great probability that the opening and closure of the valve is regulated by conditions which obtain either in the caecum or in the ileum. Elliott2 has


The Space Elevator (SE) represents a major paradigm shift in space access. It involves new, untried technologies in most of its subsystems. Thus the successful construction of the SE requires a significant amount of development, This in turn implies a high level of risk for the SE. This paper will present a systems level analysis of the SE by subdividing its components into their subsystems to determine their level of technological maturity. such a high-risk endeavor is to follow a disciplined approach to the challenges. A systems level analysis informs this process and is the guide to where resources should be applied in the development processes. It is an efficient path that, if followed, minimizes the overall risk of the system's development. systems level analysis is that the overall system is divided naturally into its subsystems, and those subsystems are further subdivided as appropriate for the analysis. By dealing with the complex system in layers, the parameter space of decisions is kept manageable. Moreover, A rational way to manage One key aspect of a resources are not expended capriciously; rather, resources are put toward the biggest challenges and most promising solutions. This overall graded approach is a proven road to more » success. The analysis includes topics such as nanotube technology, deployment scenario, power beaming technology, ground-based hardware and operations, ribbon maintenance and repair and climber technology. « less


We used annual increments in the pectoral fin rays of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) to assess growth synchrony. We based our decision criteria on correlation among individual chronologies developed from samples collected in the Saskatchewan River, Saskatchewan, and Lake St. Clair and the Mattagami River, Ontario. Initially, correlations among chronologies were not significant within these three populations. However, as mean ageing error was reduced, correlations among chronologies increased to significant levels in samples from the Saskatchewan River and Lake St. Clair. Correlations were not significant among consistently aged fish sampled from the Mattagami River. We conclude that interannual growth variation in lake sturgeon is influenced by population-wide extrinsic factors in some populations. Our results suggest that both growth synchrony and ageing error should be quantified during the construction of growth chronologies for all organisms.


In domestic authoritative teaching materials of Macroeconomics,there are many kinds of contradicto- ry results on discussing and inferring of proportional tax multiplier in three departments economy,such as tax multiplier,government transfer payment multiplier,and balanced budget multiplier.This paper redefines,and infers the tax multiplier,the government transfer payment multiplier,and the balanced budget multiplier in three departments economy by using the basic principle of Macroeconomics and mathematical models.


One state's Title IV-E child welfare social work education collaborative is delineated. This multi-year collaborative between public universities and the state's child welfare system has resulted in funding and field placements for 725 BSW and MSW students in 74 of the state's 100 counties. Further, 589 collaborative graduates have been hired in public child welfare. In addition, beneficial relationships among university personnel, local and state child welfare staff and administrators, and state legislators have enabled this collaborative to continue during difficult economic times. Finally, current challenges, lessons learned, and recommendations for future child welfare social work education initiatives are examined.


Through the use of temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), the self-metalation and dehydrogenation of deuterated 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21,23D-porphyrin on Cu(111) have been studied, resulting in new insight into the metalation of porphyrins on surfaces. The metalation is found to proceed through the transfer of the central aminic hydrogen atoms to the Cu(111) surface and not, as suggested by gas phase calculations, through the combination of the hydrogen atoms to molecular hydrogen above the partially inserted metal center. This finding suggests that the metalation reaction could be significantly influenced by the stability of hydrogen on the substrate surface. The metalation reaction and the subsequent hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of the periphery of the porphyrin molecule leading to hydrogen–deuterium exchange are modeled with a simple microkinetic reaction model. The model is able to describe the main features of the TPD spectra.


for all f ∈ Cb(R ) and λ is continuous in the sense that if {fj} ∞ j=1 is a sequence of bounded continuous functions onR which is uniformly bounded and converges uniformly on compact subsets of R to a bounded continuous function f , then {λ(fj)} ∞ j=1 converges to λ(f). If f is any bounded continuous function on R, then there is a sequence {fj} ∞ j=1 of continuous functions on R n such that each fj has compact support in R , the fj 's are uniformly bounded, and the fj 's converge to f uniformly on compact subsets of R . As a result, a finite measure on R is determined by its restriction to the vector space of continuous functions with compact support on R. In fact, if one starts with a linear functional on the vector space of continuous functions


From the German SpeechDat(M) database of telephone speech the digit sequences items that were spoken as chains of individual digits were extracted. From these digit strings, a subset of 39 strings was selected by dialect experts and according to the region information provided by the speaker. The German federal states were used as region classes because this information can easily be provided by the speaker. 7 test persons were asked to listen to the subset of digit strings and to classify them by region. It was found that the overall success rate for the classification is 40%; if the regions neighboring the correct region are also counted as correct, the success rate is 68%.


We study, by particle simulation, the conversion efficiency of a large orbit gyrotron. The dependence of the saturation efficiency of TEN1 mode on the harmonic number N = 2-16 and beam energy γo are determined.


Drosera bicolor Lowrie Carlquist is endemic to southwestern Australia. It is an erect tuberous sundew with alternate leaves and a basal rosette, placed in Drosera subgenus Ergaleium section Ergaleium. Prior to its formal description this species was informally known as 'D. peltata 'Hammersley''. Since its description, debate has continued as to whether it is a distinct taxon or is better treated in the broader concept of Drosera peltata Thunb. This paper presents a more detailed description of this taxon and discusses its taxonomic status.


This study is intended to examine to how large conventional results on the pressure drop and the heat transfer can be applicable when the channel size is decreased. By using deionized water, single-phase flow and flow boiling heat transfer experiments were performed for a thin rectangular channel of the width W = 3 mm and the height = 1.25 mm 0.163 mm. The previous results of authors for the thin rectangular channel of the width W = 10 mm and the height = 1.1 mm ~ 0.18 mm were also utilized in analyzing results. The channel narrowness effect on the water single-phase flow heat transfer appeared when the hydraulic diameter Dhy became smaller than 1.06 mm. Dhy = 1.06 mm corresponds to = 0.640 mm for the present 3 mm width case and = 0.557 mm for the 10 mm width case. When the channel height became narrower than that size, the Nusselt number of the water single-phase flow heat transfer became smaller than that for a conventional size channel in the turbulent flow region. It also became dependent on the Reynolds number even in the laminar flow region. The modification method to incorporate the channel narrowness effect into the heat transfer coefficient correlation for the turbulent flow was proposed. The narrowness effect on the water single-phase flow pressure drop came out at Dhy = 0.714 mm i.e. = 0.405 mm for W = 3 mm and = 0.369 mm for W = 10 mm. When the channel height became narrower than that size, the friction factor in the laminar flow region became smaller than the value of a conventional size channel and transition from the laminar flow to the turbulent flow was delayed. The method to modify the friction factor equation of the laminar flow so as to be applicable to the narrow channel was proposed. In the flow boiling, when boiling started, churn flow appeared even at a low heat flux and a flow pattern was mainly the churn flow or/and the annular flow. The heat transfer coefficient was larger than that of pool boiling. The critical heat flux was higher than the value of Kutateladze correlation for the pool boiling. However, when the flow channel height became extremely narrow in the present experimental range, it became lower than the Kutateladze value. The evaporation heat transfer of a film on the heat transfer surface was dominant. When the modification for the singlephase flow heat transfer was introduced, the Dengler and Addoms correlation for the forced convection evaporation heat transfer for a conventional size channel predicted well present results.


We present a computationally efficient new method for simulating the interactions of large‐scale atmospheric circulations with deep convection in a 3D cloud‐resolving model. This is accomplished by reducing the scale difference between the large‐scale and convective circulations. Our method, Diabatic Acceleration and REscaling (DARE), consists of accelerating all diabatic processes, reducing the planetary radius and increasing its rotation rate. A second useful interpretation of this rescaling, Reduced Acceleration in the VErtical (RAVE) is also presented briefly. The DARE/RAVE approach is expected to be useful for a wide range of problems involving interactions between large‐scale circulation, deep convection, and associated cloud and radiation processes, whose investigation has long been plagued by deficiencies in cumulus/cloud parameterizations. Initial results from a near‐global scale equatorial β‐plane simulation using the DARE approach are briefly presented.


Background: Abusive head trauma (AHT) is the leading cause of death in child abuse. Knowledge about AHT in Bahrain is lacking. The objectives are to identify the extent of AHT in Bahrain, victims' characteristics and the clinical features. Setting: Child Protection Unit, Salmaniya Medical Complex. Design: Retrospective review. Method: Abusive head traumas were evaluated between 2000 and 2009. Victims' characteristics, patterns of presentation and result of investigations were recorded. SPSS version 17 for Windows was used for data management and statistical analyses. Result: Twenty-three patients with the diagnosis of AHT were identified. In 18 (78%) the age is one year or below; 16 (70%) were males. No plausible explanation for the head injuries was given in 16 (70%) patients. Vomiting was seen in 13 (56.5%), seizures in 13 (56.5%), altered state of consciousness in 12 (52%), irritability in 12 (52%), difficulty of breathing in 9 (39%), coma in 8 (35%), apnea in 4 (17%), chocking episodes in 3 (13%) and two were dead on arrival. The total death after AHT was four (17%). Subdural hemorrhage was identified in 19 (83%), cerebral hemorrhage in 17 (74%) and retinal hemorrhage in 13 (56.5%). Evidence of blunt impact were bruises in 13 (56.5%), skull fractures in 9 (39%), localized scalp swelling in 5 (22%) and subgaleal hematoma in 2 (9%). Conclusion: AHT is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. The presenting symptoms of AHT are non-specific; therefore, maintaining a high index of suspicion is paramount. All children presenting with a life-threatening event or head injuries without a plausible explanation should undergo a multidisciplinary assessment for AHT. A prospective national study is required. Language: en


Nowadays, the value acquired by customers during shopping can be perceived in two dimensions: utilitarian and hedonic. In order to identify online group buying behaviour of young adult consumers, research was conducted among university students in Poland. The purpose of the research was to profile group buyers in Poland regarding their demographic and behavioural (hedonic or utilitarian) characteristics. Results of the performed statistical data analysis show some significant associations in group buying behaviour, while it is not possible to hypothesise regarding demographic characteristics of the respondents and their motivation for group buying. Further on, one of the contribution of this research lies in performed factor analysis by which it is possible to give more precise insights in online group buying behaviour according to hedonic or utilitarian buying behaviours.


Automated monitoring of atmospheric pollution. More and more fully-automated, computer-controlled measuring grids for the monitoring of immission or nuisance levels are being planned and implemented. The requirements and limiting conditions in immission surveillance lead to hierarchically organized measuring systems in which the analytical apparatus are combined in automated monitoring stations. The monitoring stations each contain apparatus for the various pollutants as well as ancillary equipment. Great importance is attached to the sampling system and to equipment for automatic instrument surveillance.


Evaporator icing is an operating state of automotive air conditioning systems in which the condensate water formed in the evaporator turns to ice. This failure mode is normally mitigated by a control system that disables the compressor when freezing temperatures are encountered. This paper reviews the causes of evaporator icing and traditional systems to protect against icing as well as tests to validate the icing protection system. A wind tunnel icing protection test is described that validates the effectiveness of the icing protection by forcing the system through the "clutch cycling transition boundary." The proposed test requires less time to perform and is more conclusive than previous tests. Test result data is given.


'NURSING HAS been dumbed down since I trained' was the comment by a colleague of mine who recently returned to clinical practice. She described nursing as having become a set of boxes to be ticked. Her comments made me think how sad it is that she could not see the artistry of nursing in the multiple forms to fill in, with their algorithms of assessment designed by experienced and educated nurses to make the job of nursing quicker and assessments safer. It is true, however, that among all these multiple risk assessments, some nurses have lost their ability to focus on relationships with patients. Nursing assessments should involve purposeful conversations, enquiry about what is wrong, for how long, and discovery of patients' significant signs and symptoms and their biggest fears. These are the true skills of nursing assessment, learned and honed through years of experience. Assessment should not be focused on the completion of paper or electronic documentation, but on making patients feel safe, listened to and cared for. Documentation is important, and it is a legal necessity for clinicians, so that others can act according to individual care plans. It is not just pen marks on a checklist; it involves skilled conversation and professional judgement, and can herald the beginning of trusting relationships. What can we learn from this? First, we must never underestimate the skills needed for meaningful assessments of patient need. Second, we should seek out great role models and commend those who exemplify these skills. Third, we must look again at paperwork – reduce it, simplify it and interrelate it so that information is recorded once and used often. Above all, let's rekindle the artistry of skilled nursing assessment as a chance to develop trusting relationships with those we care for.


Certain norm related functions of linear operators are considered in the very general setting of linear relations in normed spaces. These are shown to be closely related to the theory of strictly singular, strictly cosingular, F+ and F− linear relations. Applications to perturbation theory follow.


A new £10m (€12m; $16m) critical care unit for cancer patients is to open at the Royal Marsden Hospital in west London later this month, to replace the original unit destroyed by fire in …


Lipoma in the head and neck is relatively rare and retropharyngeal lipoma is even rarer in this area. Not more than 45 cases of lipoma retropharyngeal have been found in the literature since 1877 to 2014. It is a benign tumor that consists of adipose tissue cells, which appears as a soft mass without any severe symptoms unless it reaches large size [1]. Literature reported that the tumor was discovered accidentally when a computed tomography (CT) scan of the head and neck for other diseases was performed [2,3]. Retropharyngeal lipoma usually occurs in adults over the age of 35 years [4], although in children aged 11 and 12 years have also been reported in the literature [5,6]. Therapy will be a transoral or transcervical approach of excision. Low prevalence rates in the world makes a discussion about this disease to be interesting; especially case that occured in Dr. Soetomo Hospital is a retropharyngeal lipoma with a relatively large size.


This paper focuses on 16 short news reports published between March 2016 and May 2017 by the Ministerio del Poder Popular para la Comunicacion e Informacion, an official entity managed by the Government of Venezuela. In appearance, such news reports function as an informational vehicle to talk about women or to women. I employ the matrix of the ideological square (van Dijk 1996b, 20-21) to analyze 1) the headlines of news with striking or unusual free collocations, and 2) the ideological content of the reports. The objective is to determine if there are contrastive features 'us' vs. 'them' and to shed light on them, understanding that 'us' refers to the women (or a collective within which they are a majority) who support the government, and 'them' refers to those outside that group.  I conclude that the employment of discourse strategies that follow this pattern in official news carries the implicit intention of strengthening the process of ideologization and polarization among Venezuelan citizens.


Polymeric microlenses of controllable size and radius of curvature were fabricated by a simple micro fluidic device. Positive meniscus microlenses were formed from the microdroplets including air core. The dimensions of the lens were controlled by fluidic conditions of droplet formation. Especially, air core and organic phase volumes control the diameter and curvature of the microlenses. Controllable sizes from 114 �m to 261 �m in diameter and radiuses of curvature from 61 �m to 357 �m are achieved. The proposed method is applicable for a high throughput microlens production.


The electric vehicle has brought fluctuation to the power system. The wide use of electric vehicles(EVs) has exacerbated this challenge. Firstly, the mathematical model of electric vehicles under random charging mode is given. Secondly, the power electronics charger topology is introduced. This paper analyzed the changes of the power system reliability when the proportion of electric vehicles increased, which shows the increase of electric vehicles under random charging mode poses a great threat to the reliability.


Diode-pumped solid-state lasers in the 1300 and 1550 nm ranges are well suited to a variety of fiber sensor and analog signal transmission applications. The complexity of the diode-pumped solid-state laser is clearly greater than that of a simple diode laser, but because of power and noise considerations, a diode-pumped solid-state laser will often out perform a diode laser in this type of application. Nd:YAG at 1318 nm and Nd:YLF at 1313 nm are among the most widely used of the diode-pumped solid-state lasers.<<ETX>>


We report here the measurement of the magnetocaloric effect in a magnetic material with the use of noncontact type detection. The technique is based on the thermoacoustic principle. A sample with a periodically changing surface temperature induces exponentially decaying pressure waves which can be detected by a sensitive microphone. A magnetic material placed within a gas‐tight cell at an appropriate dc magnetic field and temperature will exhibit a periodically changing surface temperature due to the magnetocaloric effect when subjected to a small ac field superimposed over the dc field. The microphone response, detected via a lock‐in amplifier can be correlated to the magnitude of the temperature changes after suitable calibration. The knowledge of the magnetic equation of state allows the determination of the total magnetocaloric effect ΔT for an arbitrary field step from zero to the final value, using the magnetization data of the sample as well. Gadolinium has been used for calibration, and new results are presented for a gadolinium‐dysprosium and a gadolinium‐erbium alloy.


This paper use literature and other methods to reflection on the construction of Schools with characteristic on physical education.From characteristic sports to school's characteristic on P.E,then to school's characteristic culture on P.E,and finally to schools with P.E characteristic,it's a progress of gradual development from a section to whole.Characteristic sports are responsible for individuals' acquirements of P.E knowledge and techniques,but schools with P.E characteristic are responsible for the development of schools' culture.It is pointed out that the ways for the construction of schools with characteristic on P.E are sports to the school PE culture,sports and art combined and curriculum with P.E characteristic developed.


Frankfurt/Main: Peter Lang. Kravchenko, A. V. (2007). Essential properties of language, or, why language is not a code. Language Sciences, 29(5), 650–671. Kravchenko, A. V. (2008). Biology of cognition and linguistic analysis: From non-realist linguistics to a realistic language science. Frankfurt/Main: Peter Lang. Kravchenko, A. V. (2011). How Humberto Maturana's biology of cognition can revive the language sciences. Constructivist Foundations, 6(3), 352–362. Kravchenko, A. V. & Boiko, S. A. (2014). What is happening to Russian? Linguistic change as an ecological process. Russian Journal of Communication. doi:10.1080/19409419.2014.908733 Lieberman, P. (2008). Old-time linguistic theories. Cortex, 44, 218–226. Maturana, H. R. (1978). Biology of language: The epistemology of reality. In G. Miller & E. Lenneberg (Eds.), Psychology and biology of language and thought (pp. 28–62). New York: Academic Press. Reddy, M. (1979). The conduit metaphor. In A. Ortony (Ed.), Metaphor and thought (pp. 284–324). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Wierzbicka, A. (1996). Semantics: Primes and universals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.


The utility model discloses a water-proof power line connector with better contact, stable connection and better waterproof performance. The power line connector comprise a male connector and a female connector which are mutually abutted and electrically connected, wherein the male connector comprises a male connection line, a male connector shell in plastic molding with an insulation shell of the male connection line, and a plurality of male connector assemblies, a groove is formed on the end surface of the abutting end of the male connector shell, a male fastening ring is formed on the outer wall, an axle sleeve with a thread screw on the outer wall is sleeved on the male connector shell, a guide pole is formed on the inner wall of the groove, the female connector comprises a female connection line, a female connector shell in plastic molding with an insulation shell of the female connection line, and a plurality of female connector assemblies, an abutting part in close fit with the groove is formed on the abutting end of the female connector shell, a guide groove in close fit with the guide pole is formed on the outer wall of the abutting part, a female fastening ring is formed on the outer wall of the female connector shell, and a male screw sleeve and a female screw sleeve in cooperative action with the axle sleeve are respectively sleeved on the male connector shell and the female connector shell.


We describe a problem of a sucessful 3D–2D pose estimation algorithm when it is applied in scenarios with large depth variation. In this case image uncertainty is inhomomogenuously reflected in the Euclidian space where the constraint equations are formulated. We introduce a scaling of the constraint equations that equalizes this inhomogenity. We can show that we can reduce the error significantly in outdoor scenarios with large depth discontinuities.


A single-phase 1kW transformer-less grid tie inverter is presented for supplying a domestic 230V ac mains supply from a 425V dc source such as a photo-voltaic solar panel array. Permutations of super-junction MOSFETs with SiC diodes and SiC MOSFETs are investigated. A new gate driver topology with isolation and energy recovery is presented. (6 pages)


Collaborative learning, computer simulations and practical experimentation are the essential elements of a new project for the enhancement of undergraduate engineering courses currently being developed at Penn State University. This project introduces teamwork, hands-on activities and visualization in courses traditionally containing none of these. The approach used to implement these innovations into a sophomore level dynamics course is described. A discussion of the most significant issues and hurdles encountered during this implementation is included so as to assist other educators in designing learning environments like the one presented here.


Although computer scientists use parallel programming languages to model concurrency, scientists and engineers approach parallelism with a different objective. The physical world they model is inherently parallel, but scientific programmers have become accustomed to using sequential techniques for its study. It is the ability to handle massive amounts of data that motivates their conversion to parallelism. This report considers the current state of the art of parallel programming languages from the perspective of scientists and engineers. It reviews the problem-solving strategies commonly employed by scientific programmers and compares them with the conceptual models for parallelism supported by high-level programming languages available to the general user community. The fact that existing languages were designed and implemented by members of the computer science profession is reflected in the prevalence of features representing that community''s view of parallelism. Consequently, scientific programmers are unlikely to find language models that map cleanly to their problem-solving approaches.


It is a common phenomenon in the movement of the quadruped mammals accompanied with head swings. Inspired by this, this article attempts to add head motion to the bounding gait of a quadruped robot. According to the theoretical analysis, there are two main functions of the head. First, the head can realize the active control of the center of mass position of the robot, which is of great significance to the stable motion of the robot. Second, the swing of the head plays a role in regulating the pitch angle of the torso and improves the coordination and stability of the motion. A simplified quadruped robot model with a head and spine joint is established and analyzed theoretically. The regularity of head movement in periodic bounding gait is summarized. Through simulation and experiment, we confirm the two roles of the head in the bounding gait of a quadruped robot.


The Information Center Expert (ICE) project, which attempts to provide knowledge-based support for information centres (ICs), is described. The project has three divisions, corresponding to the three areas of responsibility for information centers: Information Center Expert for Consultation, Distribution, and Help-Service (ICE/C, ICE/D, and ICE/H). The authors present the ICE/C architecture and discuss functional extensions to ICE/C, i.e., ICE/D and ICE/H for supporting the other responsibilities of the IC. An approach to knowledge elicitation using a group decision support environment is presented. The use of an object-oriented approach as a representation technique is discussed.<<ETX>>


According to economic status of Asian countries or economy and new changes of intemational monetary system,we should create asor in order to study lessons from Asian financial crisis,reduce exchange risk and transaction cost,increase scale of trade investment and enhance economic development in Asia.There is condition for this,but it is very difficult to create a new regional money.Creation asor is a long and risky process,so we must overcome many difficulties to do this and will succeed in this process.


Learning Analytics is a new field of research that appears as a link between educator data and students. The Learning Analytics is also able to provide information about decision making to understand and optimise the learning process. Early childhood education is believed to be very important because the learner is open and always tries new things and is considered very meaningful for future processes in the development of all aspects of their personality. In this study, we aimed at investigating the application of learning analytics and how the learning process on child development in early childhood education. The Article Search Process is carried out on two databases, ScienceDirect and IEEE. In this study, the most important keywords are Learning Analytics and early childhood. The results of the search are 45 articles: (31/45) ScienceDirect and (14/45) IEEE, from 2012 to 2017. They are thoroughly explored in the Learning Analytics process, data collection and pre-processing, analysis and action, and post- processing. The process of data collection is done by implementing Online Systems or Game-Based Learning: 58% e-Learning systems, 27% Learning Analytics systems, and 15% Game-based learning. Many research was conducted on samples from Post graduate, High school and Elementary school. The results showed that early childhood education had the advantage of the use of the new technology and in enchancing the child's knowledge and skills. Such as creativity and logical intelligence in the introduction of shapes and numbers. In the further study, the concept of Learning Analytics in the form of assessment and feedback that is given to support the improvement of the objectivity in the learning process by collaborating with educational games which can be another beneficial to the early childhood education. Objective assessment and feedback may be the monitor and prediction which will also be analised for the efficiency and effectiveness in the learning proces through the use ofthe technology.


With its primary mirror with 39 m of diameter, the E–ELT will be the largest optical/near-infrared telescope in the world and will gather 13 times more light than the largest optical telescopes existing today. The different optical sub–systems of E–ELT, including the primary mirror based on hundreds of reflecting tiles assembled together, represent key components for the implementation of the telescopes. A huge amount of aspherical reflecting elements have to be produced with "state of the art" figuring and polishing technologies and measured with proper metrological equipments. In the past couple of years, in the context of the T–REX project, a specific development program was carried out at the Brera Astronomical Observatory–INAF in order to address a numbers of technology aspects related to the fabrication of the E–ELT mirrors. In this paper we give a short overview of the activities that have been carried out. Other papers in this volume report on specific activities that have pursed within such a development program.


The method of forming a semiconductor device and a wiring layer is disclosed having a re-wiring layer. After manufacturing a semiconductor die on a wafer, a tape assembly, in contact with each surface of the semiconductor die on the wafer, it is coated on the surface of the wafer. Tape assembly further comprises a film assembly with a back grind tape as a base layer, and bonded to the back grind tape. Film assembly may also include an adhesive film, and a thin layer of a conductive material on said adhesive film is deposited. Re-wiring layer pattern is, for example, using a laser is drawn to the tape assembly. Then, leaving the re-wiring layer pattern is heated on each semiconductor die, can be removed to the unheated portion of the tape assembly.


The utility model discloses a novel multifunctional cement brick, including square cement brick body, be equipped with through -hole and provided groove on the cement brick body, the through -hole includes half through -hole and full through -hole, and wherein the cement brick body is provided with the full through -hole that link up its upper surface and lower surface, and the relative both sides of cement brick body face sets up half through -hole respectively, and this half through -hole is upper surface, side and lower surface intercommunication, and wherein the circle center connection line of through -hole and half through -hole is a straight line entirely, cement brick body upper surface and lower surface are provided with provided groove, provided groove divide into half provided groove and 14 provided groove, wherein half provided groove with full through -hole is perpendicular and link up, 1 4 provided groove with half through -hole is perpendicular and link up, the utility model discloses structural design is simple, has the mould and easily makes, and inside slip casting is whole pleasing to the eye, and actual construction convenience is swift, has shortened the time limit for a project, but the wide application in the river levee rush to repair, the laying of mountain landslide retaining wall, municipal administration salvaging.


We study streaming data where the true labels come with a delay. The question is whether the online nearest neighbour classifier (IB2 and IB3 here) should employ the unlabelled data. Three strategies are examined: do-nothing, replace and forget. Experiments with 28 data sets show that IB2 benefits from unlabelled data, while IB3 does not.


Some indirect evidence suggests that exogenous estrogen therapy may prevent cognitive decline in older women. This study, according to the authors, is the first to assess the relation between endogenous estrogen levels and changes in cognitive function over …


We analyze the steady-state entanglement between Bose-Einstein condensate trapped inside an optical cavity with a moving end mirror (nanomechanical resonator) driven by a single mode laser. The quantized laser field mediates the interaction between the Bose-Einstein condensate and nanomechanical resonator. In particular, we study the influence of temperature on the entanglement of the coupled system, and note that the steady-state entanglement is fragile with respect to temperature.


Objective the elderly patients with intestinal infarction is a common clinical emergency of acute,severe and rapid development features.To summary the significance of spiral CT scan of the whole abdominal in the elderly with early intestinal obstruction.Methods To retrospective analysis imaging representation of 16-slice spiral CT scan of the whole abdominal for 40 elderly patients with early intestinal obstruction in recent three years,compare with the surgical and pathological results and refer to the literature.Results 32 elderly patients with intestinal obstruction were confirmed by surgery to be colorectal cancer(accounting for 80%),6 patients found no tumor but paralytic ileus and 2 cases of intestine being oppressed by extra-intestinal tumor(leiomyosarcoma) in 40cases.Conclusion multi-slice spiral CT scan of the whole abdominal applied early was suggested when encountering acute abdomen of elderly patients considered intestinal obstruction to improve diagnosis and be operated in time.


Despite many efforts in rapid follow-up optical observations of GRBs, optical real-time data as well as pre-burst data are still rarely available. We report on a system of 11 Czech Stations of the EN (European Fireball Network) providing extended sky monitoring. The stations are equipped with fish-eye lenses imaging the whole visible sky hemisphere on photographic emulsion. This allows a large fraction of GRBs to be observed (so far more than 90) with limiting magnitudes between 7 and 11 at times before, during, and after gamma-ray triggers.


Blending molecular developmental biology and quantitative genetics, Hlusko et al. (1) present in PNAS a framework for identifying phenotypic traits whose genetics are suitable for testing hypotheses about adaptive evolution in the fossil record. In recent years, startling advances have been made in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of development and the genomic structures that underpin them. Laboratory manipulations are able to determine the patterns of gene expression that produce phenotypic structures such as brains, bones, and teeth (2, 3); computational models of the spatial dynamics of development are capable of predicting the phenotypic outcomes of up- or down-regulation of gene expression (4); and genomic analyses reveal the regulatory mechanisms that govern cascades of gene expression (5). These tools have mapped the causal links between genotype and phenotype that were largely missing from 20th century evolutionary biology.

However, this new understanding is based on a small number of model organisms. Translating molecular genetics from them to the fossil record, which provides the only direct evidence for most evolutionary transitions, can be problematic because many aspects of morphogenesis depend on the organism's genetic and environmental context (6, 7). In the fossil record, genetic and nongenetic components of phenotypic variation can rarely be separated, and many important fossil taxa are phylogenetically distant from model organisms like mice and chickens. Hlusko et al. (1) combine the predictive power of gene expression and quantitative genetics to identify fossilizable morphological traits that are both heritable and uncomplicated by pleiotropy (genetic correlations) with other traits. Traits that meet these criteria are ones from which the history of natural selection, genetic …

[↵][1]1Email: pdpolly{at}indiana.edu.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


Naeem Ahmad Salik is a Brigadier in the Pakistan Army, currently serving as the Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Directorate at the Strategic Plans Division, Joint Staff Headquarters. He has taught in the Defense and Strategic Studies Department at Quaid-i-Azam University, Islmabad, and was a visiting fellow at the Henry L. Stimson Center in 1995. He has published extensively on the nuclear and ballistic missile programs of India and Pakistan.


INTRODUCTION A common challenge in stroke rehabilitation research is the translation of research findings into the clinical setting. Multiple factors present obstacles to dissemination and adoption, including the complexity of the physical rehabilitation protocols and the shift in practice required by treatment philosophies that require innovative approaches. The Constraint-Induced Movement (CI) Therapy Research Group (CITRG) at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) has developed and conducted a 5-day training program for clinicians and researchers that has been delivered semiannually since 2005. The goals of this training program are to accurately disseminate the CI therapy protocol for upper-limb recovery after stroke that has been researched at UAB, provide hands-on instruction, clarify questions and correct misunderstandings about components of the treatment protocol, and provide advice on implementing it in clinical and research settings. To date, more than 170 clinicians and researchers, from the United States and abroad, have participated in the training program at UAB. Many have successfully carried out the protocol back in their institutions. This JRRD guest editorial describes the evolution of the UAB CI Therapy Training Program, details the instructional elements provided in the program, describes posttraining experiences of selected program participants, and discusses future plans for the training program to further enhance the translation of CI therapy into other clinical and research settings. The program provides an example of how research findings can be translated into a practical clinical program and then disseminated for use by clinicians and researchers. CHALLENGE OF RESEARCH TRANSLATION It is well known that advances in rehabilitation research face many obstacles to adoption in clinical practice. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality reports that it may take clinicians as long as 1 or 2 decades to incorporate original research into clinical practice [1]. In 2006, Graham and colleagues published an article discussing the slow, haphazard, and often incomplete transfer of findings from research into the clinical setting, calling this phenomenon a "knowledge-to-action gap" [2]. This delay creates a substantial obstacle to improving the quality of healthcare. A 2010 literature review concerning knowledge translation in healthcare further explores this issue by describing evolving models that have been proposed to integrate research into clinical practice [3]. Early models conceptualized a linear, unidirectional model of information sharing in which researchers simply reported their findings to clinicians in hopes that their innovations would be adopted into practice. This approach has been ineffective because it is too passive and fails to recognize the important cultural differences between the research and clinical communities and the resistance to making changes in established clinical practice. Later models called attention to these important cultural differences, yet did little to resolve the barriers to translation they create. The evidence-based medicine (EBM) movement of the 1990s aimed to increase the scientific rigor of clinical investigations and improve clinicians' ability to evaluate research publications before incorporating them into their clinical decision-making. While significantly enhancing the connection between the research and clinical communities, the EBM approach is still challenged by the lack of a tradition or sufficient reward for clinicians to publish and disseminate research findings in a timely fashion, difficulties faced by clinicians in interpreting the results presented in research publications, misunderstandings encountered when attempting to implement multicomponent and complex protocols that are inadequately described because of space limitations applied to manuscripts by most journals, and the remaining cultural differences that exist between the research and clinical communities. …


The aim of our research was the study of species composition of conditionally-pathogenic and pathogenic microflora at the gastrointestinal diseases of the newborn young animals. The objects of our study were the healthy, sick and dead lambs, calves, piglets and foals. The samples of pathological material and feces of the sick and healthy young farm animals were transported to the antibacterial biotechnology laboratory of Kazakh National Agrarian University of Almaty region. After the isolation of microorganisms the cultures, obtained only from the isolated colonies, were subjected to the identification. In the studies of pathological material and samples of feces of the sick and healthy animals 210 cultures were isolated in total, of which 123 cultures belonged to the genus of Escherichia, 66 cultures – Salmonella, 8 cultures – Klebsiella, 5 cultures – Proteus and 8 cultures – Streptococcus (Diplococcus). The isolated cultures were studied by the morphological, tinctorial and biochemical properties. Of 210 cultures, isolated from the dead and sick animals, 58.5% of cultures were referred to the genus of Escherichia, 31.3% – to the genus of Salmonella, 3.8% – of Klebsiella, 2.4% – of Proteus and 3.8% – of Streptococcus by its biochemical properties. Thus, the results of bacteriological research testify that the bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae family which accounted for about 90% of the isolated cultures, the predominant ones were Escherichia and Salmonella, accordingly, 58.5% and 31.5%; they play an important role in contraction of the gastrointestinal diseases. [Saribayeva D.A., Biyashev K.B., Biyashev B.K., Sarsembayeva N.B., Zholdasbekova A.E. The etiology of the disease of the newborn young farm animals. Life Sci J 2014;11(12s):442-445] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 95


Redwood 65 and Linott flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) were grown in the field with and without added nitrogen to evaluate the use of growth retardants in reducing lodging. BAS 0660W (N-dimethylmorpholiniumchloride) at 0.21 and 0.63 kg/ha, chlormequat [(2- chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride] at 4.2 and 8.4 kg/ha, and ancymidol (α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol) at 1.05 and 3.15 kg/ha reduced plant height but failed to reduce lodging or increase seed yield when applied at 1,044 liters/ha. Two years of tests with SADH (succinic acid-2, 2-dimethylhydrazide) at 4.2 and 8.4 kg/ha also resulted in no benefits. A third year of testing with SADH, applied early, late and early + late, resulted in reduced duration of flowering, delayed maturity, reduced height and marginally increased lodging, but no effect on seed yield. Number of capsules per plant was increased, but this was offset by a decrease in number of seeds per capsule.


Taking Department of Modern Science and Technology,Agricultural University of Hebei as an example,the significance of mass organization culture connotation construction and the development situation of student community in independent colleges were introduced,and the existing problems were revealed,then the effective way of mass organization culture connotation construction in independent colleges was put forword.


The methodological condition of extraction polysaccharide from Portulaca oleracea L. under microwave was studied. The influent factors including power of microwave, extracting time, temperature and ratio of solid to liquid were studied. By microwave assisted extraction, the optimum condition of extracting were microwave power 400 W, ratio of solid to liquid 1:10 , 70℃ for 4 min. The extract ratio was 10.8%.


Environmental pollution due to rapid industrialization is increasing at an alarming rate in many locations. The present study, discusses about the heavy metals contamination around Manali (industrial area) in Chennai. This particular area is selected for study because it consists of 18 red category industries, mainly petroleum refineries and fertilizer manufacturing units, thereby affecting the environment by its effluent emissions. Because of the release in pollutants, the manali industrial area and nearby residential area are highly contaminated with organic pollutants and heavy metals. In order to study the present contamination level in the selected area, soil samples were collected and the concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zinc) were measured using atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). The concentration of these heavy metals ranged from chromium (0.9 mg/kg to 194mg/kg), copper (0.19mg/kg to 86mg/kg), nickel (0.2 mg/kg to 114mg/kg), lead (0.8 mg/kg to 161mg/kg), zinc (0.26mg/kg to 188mg/kg) which is observed to be higher than the permissible level of both Indian and International standards, thus posing a significant threat to human health and the environment. The highest concentration of these metals is because of the industries in the locality; hence stringent practice for dumping of waste is required for the safety of human health and the environment.


Purpose To compare the dynamic changes of CD4~+CD25~+ thymocytes development in vivo and in vitro. Methods Fetal mice thymus lobes were removed at the age of 14.5 days and cultured in complete RPMI-1640 with 20% FBS in vitro.Phenotypes of the thymocytes were analyzed by FACS and the number of cells per lobe was counted. Results It revealed that from day 14.5 to day 19,the number and the percentage of the CD4~+CD25~+ thymocytes varied similarly as their development as in vitro culture in 6 days.The CD4~+CD25~+/CD4~+ percentage was 8.19%,16.41%,24.06%,13.62%,8.10%,2.35% for each and the CD4~+CD25~+/CD25~+ was 0.34%,1.08%,2.40%,10.59%,32.51%,34.04% respectively.In vitro data showed that during the 6 days in vitro culture,the CD4~+CD25~+/CD4~+ percentage was 58.29%,12.14%,6.08%,17.78%,9.06%,4.04% and the CD4~+CD25~+/CD25~+ percentage was 3.75%,10.81%,17.20%,51.93%,61.64%, 80.06% for each. Conclusions These results suggested that the in vitro and in vivo CD4~+CD25~+ thymocytes development was similar,with its peak development on the 4~th day in vitro and the 17~th days in vivo.The above data might help to understand the development of naturally arising CD4~+CD25~+ regulatory T cells.


This paper presents an autonomous control method for rescue robots climbing up stairs using LRF. In disaster areas caused by earthquakes, rescue robots are needed to find injured people from under broken buildings instead of rescue workers. Then, the robots require high skills to be controlled, because the robots are operated by remote controls with wireless cameras. Especially, in case of climbing up stairs to find victims, it is hard to recognize a depth between robots and steps for operators with wireless cameras. Then we have proposed the method to estimate slope angles of stairs using LRF and an angle control method for sub crawlers of rescue robots. Here, we try to develop the estimation system with small and low-cost sensors instead of commercial ranging sensors that are too large to be attached on rescue robots. In this paper, we present the validity of the proposed method for actual stairs in a building. First, we present a method for estimating a slope angle of stairs using LRF. Second, a selection method of measured points for an accurate estimation for the slope angle is considered. Third, it is shown that our constructed rescue robot estimates the angle of the slope and climbs up the actual stairs with controlling postures of the robot with sub crawlers.


Leveling of load power fluctuations and compensation of reactive power can be achieved by a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) installed close to the consumer end in a power system. This reduces transmission losses and lowers the required ratings of equipment in the power system while improving power system stability. An SMES simulator based on power electronics technology, i.e. a power converter, is proposed. An experiment to level load power fluctuations with the SMES simulator is put into practice to verify the proposed fuzzy control strategy. Experimental results agree well with simulation results. Estimating indexes show that ratings and power loss are half of those without the SMES power control system. The presented power control system based on fuzzy control strategy is proved useful for leveling load power fluctuations.


This prospective interpretation is based on the phenomena of competitive society, society in the age of expanding knowledge and technology and of the evolution of society. Challenges to the 21st century society have affected the dignity of the individual. Education must play a central role in forming the new society.


This study proposes the concept of the local heat loss coefficient and examines the calculation method for the average heat loss coefficient and the average absorber plate temperature. It also presents an exergy analysis model of flat plate collectors, considering non-uniformity in temperature distribution along the absorber plate. The computation results agree well with experimental data. The effects of ambient temperature, solar irradiance, fluid inlet temperature, and fluid mass flow rate on useful heat rate, useful exergy rate, and exergy loss rate are examined. An optimal fluid inlet temperature exists for obtaining the maximum useful exergy rate. The calculated optimal fluid inlet temperature is 69 °C, and the maximum useful exergy rate is 101.6 W. Exergy rate distribution is analyzed when ambient temperature, solar irradiance, fluid mass flow rate, and fluid inlet temperature are set to 20 °C, 800 W/m2, 0.05 kg/s, and 50 °C, respectively. The exergy efficiency is 5.96%, and the largest exergy loss is caused by the temperature difference between the absorber plate surface and the sun, accounting for 72.86% of the total exergy rate.