We would like to comment on several issues of concern in the recent article by Kaul et al. [1] that presented the results of the Integrilin in Acute Myocardial Infarction (INAMI) stenting study. First, the authors state that the decrease in the rate of TIMI flow grade 3 from 93% immediately following the primary PCI to 86% prior to hospital discharge was statistically significant at P 0.05 using the Fisher's exact test. Based on a sample size of 55 patients as stated in the article, we calculate the P value with these percentages as P 0.360 using the Fisher's exact test (for either a twoor a three-way comparison). Likewise, the authors state the decrease in the rate of TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 3 from 87% immediately following the primary PCI to 78% prior to hospital discharge was statistically significant at P 0.05 using the Fisher's exact test. We calculate the P value with these percentages as P 0.272 using a three-way comparison and P 0.313 using a two-way comparison with the Fisher's exact test. The authors state that the corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC) decreased from 25.7 7.2 poststent to 22.9 6.8 frames. In the discussion, this decrease in CTFC is noted as "a disturbing feature," suggesting a lower CTFC indicates poorer coronary flow. On the contrary, a lower CTFC indicates faster, i.e., better, coronary flow and is associated with improved clinical outcomes in a study of more than 1,200 patients [2,3].


Crystal structure of bis(1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphtholato)cobalt(III) perchlorate was determined by X-ray analysis. A cobalt atom is surrounded octahedrally by two terdentate ligands in the mer configuration. Short intramolecular contacts of 2.2–2.3 A are observed between azo nitrogen atom(N(2)) and naphthol hydrogen atom(H(9)).


Several superalloys and Ni-Cr alloys were tested at temperatures between 700C and 1000C in dry air and in air/water-vapor mixtures, whereby the effects of water vapor on the formation of alumina and chromia scales were investigated. The experimental parameters included temperature of testing, composition of the reactive gases, thermal cycling and the composition of the underlying alloy.Water vapor affected the oxidation characteristics of alumina and chromia in different ways. Selective oxidation of Al was not favored in air/H2O mixtures and at low reaction temperatures. The alloy composition was critical in developing and maintaining continuous protective scales. For alumina-forming systems, higher Al and Cr contents were found to be beneficial for improved resistance against attack. Significant additions of Hf to the alloys resulted in accelerated internal oxidation at 1000C. Transient oxidation was more profound in air/H2O mixtures in comparison to dry air. The adherence of scales was adversely affected by water vapor at 1000C. Water vapor did not affect the selective oxidation of Cr. The major impact of H2O on chromia scales was the accelerated formation of volatile Cr-species which makes the underlying alloy more vulnerable to attack by reactive gases. These reactions were not significant in dry air at 900C and below. The transient oxidation was not adversely affected by water vapor on Ni-Cr systems. The scale spallation was more profound in dry air. The study showed that the main degradation mechanism for chromia in wet air was the formation of vapor Cr species. On the contrary, scale spallation was more detrimental in dry air. Additions of Ce improved the adherence of chromia in each environment. Ce furthermore decreased the chromia formation rate in dry air. It was not clear if the element had the same effect in air/H2O. The presence of water vapor affected the chromia morphology. The thin external TiO2 that developed over chromia on IN 738 reduced the vaporization of the oxide. This indicated that the oxidation resistance of chromia formers can be improved by alloying with elements that would diffuse to the oxide/gas interface and develop an external scale.


Research generated by the Korman self-consistency motivational hypothesis is reviewed. Thirty-three studies are cited, with most field study evidence supportive. Laboratory research has resulted in mixed findings, but this may be due to methodological problems. An extension accounting for changes in motivational processes over time is proposed.


In an increasing number of areas the clear-cut and science-based distinction between >>nature« and >>society« which has been essential for modern societies can no longer be drawn in an unambiguous and collectively binding way. The resulting problems are being exacerbated by the simultaneous erosion of the sovereignty of nation states. Both processes end in what could be coined the emergence of >>cosmopolitical hybrids«, situated between nature and society, science and politics, the nation state and the world society. The paper starts with a reconstruction of how the boundaries between the realms of the >>social« and the >>natural« erode, based on four empirical cases. As a response, rather fragile, reflexive modern practices of boundary work emerge which can no longer rely on the resources of conflict resolution hitherto available in modernity: the socially believed fictions of scientific objectivity, political consent and national sovereignty. Thus, the transnationalisation of boundary work will gain increasing importance; for the time being, however, it remains an open question whether and how the distiction between nature and society can be reframed and re-established under conditions of reflexive modernisation.


Propose a distributed information fusion system architecture and operation mechanism of internal models of fuzzy information fusion-agent Model of the communication strategy. By introducing the fuzzy information fusion agent communication, using fuzzy logic technology to achieve communication resource reservation and information filtering, Application Based on control theory of hierarchical control structure and fuzzy logic based on Decision Tree technology, It is a high performance solution for distributed information fusion system an effective approach to resource management issues.


ABSTRACT We study the degrees of irreducible morphisms between indecomposable modules lying in generalized standard coherent almost cyclic components of Auslander-Reiten quivers of artin algebras.


Although person re-identification has achieved an impressive improvement in recent years, the common occlusion case caused by different obstacles is still an unsettled issue in real application scenarios. Existing methods mainly address this issue by employing body clues provided by an extra network to distinguish the visible part. Nevertheless, the inevitable domain gap between the assistant model and the ReID datasets has highly increased the difficulty to obtain an effective and efficient model. To escape from the extra pre-trained networks and achieve an automatic alignment in an end-to-end trainable network, we propose a novel Dynamic Prototype Mask (DPM) based on two self-evident prior knowledge. Specifically, we first devise a Hierarchical Mask Generator which utilizes the hierarchical semantic to select the visible pattern space between the high-quality holistic prototype and the feature representation of the occluded input image. Under this condition, the occluded representation could be well aligned in a selected subspace spontaneously. Then, to enrich the feature representation of the high-quality holistic prototype and provide a more complete feature space, we introduce a Head Enrich Module to encourage different heads to aggregate different patterns representation in the whole image. Extensive experimental evaluations conducted on occluded and holistic person re-identification benchmarks demonstrate the superior performance of the DPM over the state-of-the-art methods.


Accounting-based terminal value models such as the Value-Driver-Model require accounting rates of return as an input for determining the model-relevant long-term growth rate. Accounting rates of return are calculated as a ratio of accounting earnings over an accounting-based capital measure. However, they equal economic rates of return only under very specific circumstances. In particular, the existence of a larger amount of (non-capitalized) intangibles regularly leads to non-negligible differences between the two kinds of rates of return. As valuation professionals usually approach terminal value models from an economic perspective, and as our modern business world is more and more driven by intangibles, there is big risk of miscalibration of accounting-based terminal value models in practice.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a simulation model to evaluate inventory and distribution decisions like lateral transshipments in a network with multiple products.

Design/methodology/approach
Data are collected from a company, and a discrete-event simulation in Python is developed to support the decision-making process of managers through different algorithms of lateral transshipments.

Findings
The numerical results show that the periodic delivery-continuous reorder policy is more robust than the others because the reorder process is not affected by the higher saturation that is achieved by periodic reorder–based policies. The new lateral transshipment algorithm will lead to huge savings in logistics costs for any company and increase truck saturation without causing a decrease in the service level.

Research limitations/implications
This paper provides a novel institutional perspective on a complex logistics issue where COVD-19 is believed to complicate the context.

Practical implications
This solution is devised for any company to achieve even greater benefits in terms of customer service improvement and logistics costs reduction.

Originality/value
The main contribution of this paper is the proposal of a new lateral transshipment algorithm that shows performance improvement by simulating distribution network processes according to different configurations.


Since the response of plant species to air pollutants is variable, the classification of plants into sensitive and tolerant groups is vital because the former can serve as biological indicators and the latter as sinks for the air pollutants. The morphological, biochemical, and physiological effects of fluoride stress were investigated in mulberry plants (Morus alba L.) grown at different distances from a phosphate fertilizer factory in Tunisia. Gas exchange (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids) and water status (leaf relative water content) were decreased in the mulberry leaves grown near the polluted sites. However, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde content) and osmotic regulator (proline and soluble sugars content) levels were increased as compared to the control site. The obtained results suggest that Morus alba leaves could be considered as an air pollution bioindicator.


Time and frequency domain channel models are proposed for nanonetworks utilizing the terahertz band (0.1-10 THz) for wireless communication. Nanonetworks are formed by tiny nanodevices which consist of nanoscale (molecular scale) components. Channel models capturing the unique peculiarities of the THz band are needed for designing proper physical layer techniques and for accurate performance analysis. Existing channel models have included the free space path loss and the molecular absorption loss, which is significant in the THz band. This paper theoretically analyzes scattering including multiple scattering referring to a sequence of scattering events from small particles, such as aerosols. Both the frequency and the impulse responses are derived. It is shown that the small particle scattering can result into significant additional loss that needs to be taken into account with the loss depending on the density and size distribution of the particles. It is shown that multiple scattering leads to a long tail in the impulse response. As most of the physical layer proposals for nanonetworks are based on the on-off keying, the channel response to pulse waveforms is specifically considered.


In recent years, the possibility of estimating Soil Moisture (SM) at different resolution scales improved greatly with the launch of the latest satellite microwave sensors and in particular of the Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) radar + radiometer and Sentinel-1 (S-1) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). However, the tradeoff between temporal and spatial resolution offered by each of these two sensors is still unable to meet the requirements of many users. The SM SMAP products are available through the NSIDC data portal at resolution varying between 1 and 36 Km [1, 2].
This study exploited the possibility of merging SMAP, S-1 and COSMO-SkyMed X-band SAR (CSK) data through Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for obtaining SM products at high spatial resolution, with the aim of evaluating the benefits of assimilating higher resolution SM into hydrological models.
The algorithm has been implemented and validated on a test area in Tuscany (Val d'Elsa, center coordinates of Ponte a Elsa: 43°41′20.37″N 10°53′42.38″E), in central Italy. The area is characterized by a partially hilly landscape, including agricultural and urban areas areas and forests, with heterogeneities that set important constraints to the potential of SMAP observations for SM monitoring.
The SMAP, S-1 and CSK acquisitions available between 2019 and 2020 on the area have been considered for the algorithm development. The reference SM values for validation purposes have been derived from in-situ observations carried out in the framework of the ASI 'Algoritmi' project [3], which also provided the CSK images considered in this study.
The improvement of spatial resolution of the output SMC product is still under investigation; however, the preliminary results seem showing that the method is able to map SM from the SMAP, S-1 and CSK synergy at a resolution better than 100m, with correlation coefficient R≃0.89 and RMSE≃0.025 m3/m3.


1. A system that provides a definition of intent, comprising: a component that receives network associated information comprising, at least in part, search information and / or network browsing information; and! component classifier that determines intent on the information associated with the network and provides the type of online commercial intention to search for information and / or data network browsing. ! 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the component classifier applies a model of intentions, prepared from the extracted characteristics and / or the contents of the information network browsing. ! 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the component uses a classifier model intents prepared from the search result page and / or a top N list of search results and combining coefficients where N is an integer from one to infinity. ! 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the type of online commercial intention contains a non-profit intention, the intention of the information or transactional intent. ! 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the classifier component utilizes a network browsing information classifier to facilitate in classifying at least one search query. ! 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the classifier component employs machine learning to facilitate in determining intent. ! 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the network browsing information comprising at least one web-page and / or at least one page of search results. ! 8. Search engine, which uses the system according to claim 1, to assist in the ranking of search results on the basis of intentions when searching


In this paper we show that a positive superfunction on a cone behaves regularly at innity outside a minimally thin set associated with the stationary Schrodinger operator.


AIM
To specify significance of some serological markers for diagnosis and x-ray prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

MATERIAL AND METHODS
A total of 115 RA patients with the disease history not longer than 4 years were examined for serum antibodies to cyclic citrullated peptide (ACCP), rheumatoid factor (RF), antikeratine antibodies (AKA) using enzyme immunoassay and indirect immunofluorescence.

RESULTS
ACCP, AKA, IgA-RF, IgM-RF were detected in 79.15%, 47.8%, 64.3%, 89.6% patients, respectively. ACCP was found to be directly correlated with negative x-ray changes in hand and foot joints. ACCP specificity reached 97%, the highest specificity (up to 100%) being in determination of RF and ACCP.

CONCLUSION
ACCP is an independent factor increasing significance of x-ray indices and thus allowing prognosis of x-ray outcome of RA.


by Debra Argel/Aviculturist Sea World, San Diego In May of 1983, the long awaited Penguin Encounter at Sea World in San Diego finally opened. However, this event did not signal the end of a longterm project; but rather the beginning of a new phase. One of the major goals was to establish species of Antarctic avifa u n a which had never been seen within a controlled environment previously. Early in November, Frank S. Todd, Scott Drieschman, and Frank Twohy departed for the Antarctic. Working with the Chilean Air Force, a field camp was established on Nelson Island adjacent to the Antarctic Peninsula. The objective was the acquisition of eggs, rather than live birds. To accomplish this, numerous logistic problems had to be overcome. Portable self-contained incubators had been developed for this purpose. Despite deplorable weather conditions, in excess of 400 eggs were acquired. The success of the venture was due in great part to the skill and dedication of the Chilean helicopter pilots who routinely perfomed impossible and often dangerous tasks. In the meantime, the Sea World Aviculture Department, along with a large contingent of volunteers and keepers from other zoos from all over the country, anxiously awaited the arrival of the field team. I had initially heard about the proposed project from Gael Donnelly, an aviculturist I had worked with at Miami's Metro Zoo, and immediately made arrangements to join the team. At the time, little did I know what I was getting into. I don't think anybody did. Since I had never worked with penguins before, I arrived several weeks early to acquaint myself with feeding and handling techniques of the 300 penguins of six species already residing in the Encounter. On December 12, the field team returned with the gentoo and chinstrap penguin eggs, as well as giant petrel, brown skua, kelp gull, blue-eyed shag, Antarctic tern and sheathbill eggs. Most of these species had never been seen in captivity before, much less hatched and hand reared. Collecting eggs in the Antarctic was a totally new concept. The original penguin research freezer had been converted into a USDA approved quarantine facility for the project. This would serve as a "home away from home" for many of us for about the next four months, since all of us were virtually in quarantine as well. Once the eggs arrived, the action started immediately. The news media was on hand that first day, as well as the German film crew which had accompanied the team to the Antarctic. Because of quarantine restrictions, no one but the penguin rearing crew was allowed into the freezer unit. However, video equipment was provided inside the facility which could be hooked up to tape decks outside where all the interviews took place. The shags and terns were already hatching and the chinstrap penguins would commence hatching within days. This meant we would have to work fast to chart the weights and measurements of the eggs. I felt privileged to be gathering important data on species never before seen or hatched in the U.S. December 18 was a great day for all of us. The first two of the many chinstrap penguins to come, hatched. The tiny chicks were covered with a beautiful silvery grey-white down and had dark bills. From this point on there was no stopping them. By December 24 the quarantine staff was suggesting that we ought not shake the incubators for fear even more would hatch. The penguins all seemed to be hatching simultaneous- ly. I had driven to Santa Barbara to be with my children on Christmas Day and Gael called me frantically from guarantine. "When are you coming back? They are hatching like crazy and we need all the help we can get." Those days can only be described as hectic since seven feedings a day were required for over 200 hungry chicks. Two feeding teams operated at each end of a big table. These teams consisted of three feeders and one recorder. Feeders would call the weights of the chicks to the recorder, who in turn would figure the amount of formula to be fed, then a final weight was taken. We would no sooner finish one feeding when it was time to make formula and start again. Recording the data alone was a full-time job. The penguin formula (or penguin milkshake) consists of a mixture of krill, herring fillets, cream, water and vitamins blended together. This is heated and fed by syringe. Healthy penguin chicks have a definite feeding response which is initiated by placing two fingers on either side of the bill. Those which did not have a good feeding response required a great deal more work. For the most part the operation went very smoothly. Some of the volunteers had never worked with birds before but caught on quickly. Contrary to popular belief, feeding and caring for penguins is not glamorous. At the end of each day we were literally covered with guano and formula and had the not-so-faint odor of fish about us. Many days we would literally drag ourselves out at 11 :00 p.m., only to return again at 6:00 a.m. the following day. The days were very long but were never what could be described as routine. The brooders were packed by the first week in January. We had to begin moving them out. Chicks with a good feeding response, which weighed in excess of 200 grams, were moved to pens in the cool room. As they matured, the temperature was gradually lowered. In addition to the penguins, we also had our hands full with baby terns, shags, and skuas. Then the giant petrels began to hatch. Few of us had ever seen a giant petrel before. Someone was heard to say - "Gads, if they hatch with a bill that size, what are they going to look like as adults?" No petrel species had ever been reared from the egg and many of our initial efforts consisted of trial and error. Not unexpectedly, we suffered some losses, but if we kept the chicks going for the first week or so, they were over the hump. On January 12 at 6:00 a.m. we began our work day as usual. After checking the chicks, the incubators were monitored for pipping eggs. At the time, we had many pipping eggs in the hatchette, including a few giant petrels. All appeared to be progressing normally. The incubator temperature was registering the normal 97 degrees F. Suddenly, at 9:00 a.m., tragedy struck. The temperature shot up to 112 degrees F. The incubator was immediately shut down and I began to check the eggs. As I pulled out the hatchette drawer, my heart sank. All the hatching chicks were dead in the shells. All the remaining eggs in the incubator itself were also lost, but fortunately, the bulk had already hatched. Nevertheless, it was a severe blow to all of us. Frank Twohy had the most unpleasant task of contacting Frank Todd with the bad news. Todd was departing again for Antarctica within three days and we felt badly about sending him off on a sour note. The overheating was caused by a defective thermometer. The incubators had an alarm system which alerted us to loss of temperature; overheating had never been experienced previously. It goes without saying that an overheating alarm is already in the works.


1. Jordan published his final contribution to the problem of the limit of transitivity of a substitution group which does not contain the alternating group in Liouville's Journal of 1895.4 Here he gave the interesting inequalities between n, the degree, and t, the muttiplicity of transitivity, of a t-ply transitive group, stated in the following theorem: Let n be the degree of a t-ply transitive group G of class >3. Then if t _ 8, nt _2a, a an integer> k-3 -log k/log 2, and k an integer such that 5?k 8.? In recent years Miller has given still another relation between n and t, namely, n > (4/25) (t + 2)2.11 In this paper inequalities similar to those of Jordan will be established. To obtain these it was necessary to study separately the t-ply transitive group whose subgroup that fixes t letters is of order a power of two and the t-ply transitive group whose subgroup that fixes t letters has its order divisible by an odd prime. The methods used in the study of the former group, though suggested by Jordan's 1895 paper, are new, while those used in the investigation of the latter group follow to a certain extent those of Jordan. The following theorems give the chief results of this study: Let the subgroup that fixes t letters of a t-ply transitive group of degree n and class>3 be of order 2m. Then if t_8,


We give a quantitative analysis of a theorem due to Fenghui Wang and Huanhuan Cui concerning the convergence of a multi-parametric version of the proximal point algorithm. Wang and Cui's result ensures the convergence of the algorithm to a zero of the operator. Our quantitative analysis provides explicit bounds on the metastability (in the sense of Terence Tao) for the convergence and the asymptotic regularity of the iteration. Moreover, our analysis bypasses the need of sequential weak compactness and only requires a weak form of the metric projection argument.


Effective developmental feedback promotes a balanced and authentic view of employees' current state, thereby addressing strengths and weaknesses of employees. The authors address how organizations' increased emphasis on positivity can be reconciled with the delivery of negative feedback. Drawing on principles from positive psychology, the authors outline strategies managers can implement to increase the likelihood that negative feedback interventions will yield improved performance while promoting employee well-being.


This paper deals with the study of the antioxidant activity of diterpene glycoside of stevioside in the absence of stress factors and under the influence of heavy metals. Results showed different response of stevioside to – it reduced catalase activity by 34% as compared to control, but virtually had no effect on the enzymatic activity of an ascorbate peroxidase. Heavy metals at suboptimal concentrations (10 μM) also did not significantly change the activity of the studied enzymes. Growing of plants at a sublethal concentration of pollutants (1 mM) was accompanied by a sharp increase in the activity of ascorbate peroxidase, and, otherwise, decrease in catalase activity. Plants pretreatment with diterpene glycosides ensured reduction of the negative effects of heavy metals on the activity of these enzymes, i.e., ascorbate peroxidase activity was lower and catalase activity was higher. The influence of stevioside also led to 4-fold increase in the content of non-enzymatic antioxidant – proline that may indicate an increasing stress resistance of plants to negative environmental factors.


The use of surface-active chemicals and the in-situ generation of polyurethane foam have been tested in the laboratory and in the field and are reviewed in depth. The capability of a cleanup system using portable chemicals and mobile spreading machinery is evaluated relative to the size of the oil spill and the weather. Data are presented on the toxicity of the chemical agent to toxicity of the chemical agent to marine organisms. (Author)


This is a multi-volume collection of material. At present, only one volume has been digitized, but all remaining volumes of this set of translations are available in print in the Pacific Collection, under cataloging call number Q115 .H223


Levels of Representation in Language Development Padraic Monaghan (email@example.com) Department of Psychology, University of York York, YO10 5DD, UK Nick Chater (firstname.lastname@example.com) Department of Psychology, University of Warwick Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK Charles Hulme (email@example.com) Department of Psychology, University of York York, YO10 5DD, UK Abstract In this paper we provide a computational exploration of changes in levels of representation in children's language development. Children demonstrate a progression from awareness of larger units in their language, such as words or syllables, and only later do they develop the ability to manipulate phoneme level representations. We employed a minimum description length approach to encode a corpus of child-directed speech. The analysis indicated that, for early stages of language learning, a word level representation was most efficient, whereas after extended exposure, a phoneme level representation was more efficient. The analysis also accurately predicted which phonemes children would be able to distinguish from syllables at different stages of development. Introduction Language contains structure at several different levels of representation, from such large units as discourses, to subphonemic features at the other end of the scale. The child learning her first language will become adept at processing language at each of these structural levels, but how does this knowledge of the units and the relations between them develop? The child's awareness of structure at a particular level can be assessed by requesting the child to tap out the number of units present in the language stimulus. So, for the word "penguin", the child with awareness of the syllable level of representation would be able to tap twice, to indicate two syllables. For the same stimulus, the child must tap six times when the task is to mark the number of phonemes in the word (/ ). Alternative methods for determining a child's awareness of structure at the phoneme level are tasks where the child must delete a phoneme from the word (e.g., say "scow" without the "s"), or produce the first sound in the word (so respond /s/ to "scow"). Longitudinal studies suggest that children develop from awareness of larger units to smaller units (Ziegler & Goswami, 2005). Anthony, Lonigan, Driscoll, Phillips, and Burgess (2003) found that, in a study of 1000 children between the ages 2 and 6, there was a developmental progression from word-level representations, to the syllable level, then the onset/rime level, and finally to the phoneme level. Similarly, Liberman, Shankweiler, Fischer, and Carter (1974) found that 4 year old children could tap out the number of syllables but could not tap out the number of phonemes within a word, but 70% of 6 year olds could manage the phoneme tapping task. In terms of segmenting continuous speech into units, Juscyk, Cutler, and Redanz (1993) proposed that children learn to segment language into successively smaller units. So, at one stage in language development, children learn to segment utterances into words, and at later stages, they learn to segment into sub- word units. Brent and Cartwright (1996) provided a computational model of segmentation that showed a similar progression from larger units to smaller, word-like units of representation. Awareness of structure at the phoneme level has attracted considerable interest because this ability is a strong predictor of reading success (Hulme, 2002; Muter, Hulme, Snowling & Stevenson, 2004,). Indeed, it has sometimes been suggested that phoneme awareness may be a consequence of learning to read (Bruce, 1964; Ehri & Wilce, 1980; Goswami & Bryant, 1990; Seymour & Evans, 1994; Treiman, 1983; Tunmer & Nesdale, 1985). In adults, too, phoneme awareness was much poorer in illiterates than a literate control group (Morais, Cary, Alegria, & Bertelson, Yet, there is evidence to suggest that phoneme awareness, though a reduced ability, is present in children and adults who have not yet learned to read. The illiterate adults in Morais et al.'s (1979) study were poorer but could still perform the task to a certain degree. Hulme, Caravolas, Malkova, and Brigstocke (in press) showed that the child's awareness of a particular phoneme did not depend on knowing the letter corresponding to that sound, as the child could isolate /p/ from the spoken nonword "pag", without being able to identify and name the letter "p". Also, some of the children in the study could not name any letters and yet could isolate some of the phonemes from spoken words. Durgunoglu and Oney (1999) found that pre-literate Turkish children could tap out the phonemes in a word to a high degree of accuracy. So, it seems that, while learning to read may speed up and motivate phoneme awareness, some ability to manipulate phonemes is present in pre-literate children and adults (Hulme et al., in press). So, why is there this progression from large to small units in the child's development? Turkish children develop


The technical details of the central receiver design are reviewed. Socio-economic questions are considered including: market penetration, air industrial sector model, demands on industry, employment, effluents associated with manufacture of components, strains due to intensive construction, water requirements, and land requirements. The ecological effects in the vicinity of the central receiver plant site are dealt with, with emphasis on effects on land surface, mammals, and reptiles and amphibians. Climatological considerations are reviewed including: desert types, effects of surface albedo modification, effects of aerosols, effects on evaporation rates, the heliostat canopy, effects on turbulent transfer rates, effects on the wind profile, a model of convection about a central receiver plant, and a global scenario. Drawings of heliostat and plant design are included in appendices. (MHR)


ABSTRACT Nowadays, learning for success and development is necessary for every organization. In the event of disregarding learning, the individuals will incur heavy costs. The aim of this study is the comparison and ranking of hospitals considering organizational learning (OL) criteria among the staffs of the hospital. A total of 850 persons form five hospitals were selected randomly. For data collection, Templeton, Louis and Snyder OL questionnaire is used. The questionnaire has eight criteria. The popular software, EXPERT CHOICE is used for data analysis. As a result, the highest score is devoted to the communications based on the paired comparison of the criteria with the aim of the study and the lowest score is devoted to the performance assessment and considering OL factors and Analytical hierarchy process, the hospitals are prioritized and ranked. Based on the research findings, the increase of communications among the staffs of the hospital leads to the increase of learning in the organizations; therefore, it will be effective and valuable in the better performance of the organization and its development.


Introduction. The article outlines transformations in Uzbekistan's economy during the Great Patriotic War, the emergence of problems related to personnel as a result of these changes, the main causes of the lack of staff, and measures to prevent this shortage and their effectiveness. The given study analyzed the organizational problems of providing the economy with employees, analyzed measures taken during the Great Patriotic War to meet the demands of the country's economy for personnel, and obtained new data dealing with the social status of human resources. Methods and Materials. A wide range of archival sources from the funds of the National Archive of Uzbekistan that weren't published earlier was used in the preparation of the article. The methodological basis of the research is the principle of historicism. In the course of the study, historicalcomparative and statistical methods were applied. Analysis. The research conducted identified factors related to productivity and social issues. In particular, the labor productivity of the new staff (mainly women and adolescents) replacing qualified personnel who went to the war front has been analyzed; on the other hand, the impact of the working process on their social lives has been considered. During the war years, the involvement of women and children in production in the republic and their relationship with the evacuated population resulted in significant positive trends in society. Results. In general, by studying the impact of changes in Uzbekistan's economy on personnel issues during the Great Patriotic War, valuable information about various sectors of the Republic's economy during the war years as well as the advances and defects in different economic branches was obtained. Authors' contribution. Kh.B. Babadjanov and A.K. Abdullayev jointly studied archival materials and scientific literature and drew conclusions on the topic. Kh.B. Babadjanov analyzed the documents of the National Archive of Uzbekistan, which made it possible to explore the peculiarities of the transformation of the economy of Uzbekistan during the Great Patriotic War and the supply of it with personnel. A.K. Abdullayev participated in the analysis of statistical and economic data.


Present situations of production and research of in-situ leaching uranium mines in China are described. The problems existing in study and development are analyzed, and the orientation of study on in-situ leaching of uranium in China is proposed.


Umah kantur in the Gayo highlands is located in the Bukit Barisan section which is crossed by the Sumatran fault line, making this area prone to earthquakes. These vernacular houses were designed by local people using natural materials found in their environment, forming a hazard-responsive system of wooden construction. However, the current generation tends to forget this knowledge from their ancestors, why this construction was used and what is the logic of the structure in the building. This qualitative research observes to identify the construction process of the elements and joint systems of the umah kantur in the Pegasing-Gayo area. The results of the study concluded that the home construction system contains sustainability to be applied to the current simple wooden house construction. The use of nails in the construction of walls, zinc material for roof, and cast concrete for bases, is still capable of producing a construction that is rigid elastic, lightweight, and able to reduce earthquake forces. Evidenced by the occurrence of uniform swaying movements of the legs, body and head construction during an earthquake, so that the house is still sturdy today.


An unpublished fi eld diary with original photos from 1937, written during a fi eld research in Dudar, Hungary by Dorothea Farquharson, member of the Institute of Sociology / Le Play House, London.


High Intensity Focued Ultrasound (HIFU) has been interested as a minimally invasive treatment for cancerous tumors. In this treatment, the high energy acoustic beam can create irreversible thermal coagulation at the focus of the transducer. The HIFU can be used as a local treatment method within the focal area without irreversible thermal damage to the surrounding normal tissue. However, living tissues have acoustic inhomogeneity; therefore, it is necessary to develop a monitoring system for control of thermal coagulation Ultrasound (US) imaging has been studied as a non-invasive HIFU monitoring system, because it can provide portability, low cost and spatiotemporal resolution. However, the longitudinal sound velocity that is one of an acoustic property changes only a few percent before and after thermal coagulation. Hence, it is difficult to detect the coagulation area from a B-mode image. In contrast, the stifness of living tissue change drastically. In a typical experiment with liver tissue, the shear modulus after coagulation was approximately 10 times larger than that before coagulation. US coagulation imaging system for monitoring based on change of tissue mechanical properties have been reported. In this paper, the development of a 2D dimentional coagulation mapping method was described.


Obesity is an established independent risk factor for developing hypertension and hyperglycemia. There is no Saudi Arabia consensus on the relationship between obesity with high blood pressure (BP) and incident diabetes mellitus (DM). Aim: The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of body mass index and blood glucose test on the relationship between blood pressure and incident diabetes mellitus. Methods: The current study included 79 participants (mean age of 30-≤50 years). The data collected from Almakan mall Hafr Albatin City, KSA. Two tools were used in the current study (1)A structured interview for the client and (2) Questionnaire about Health profile. Result: There is a nonsignificant increase (43.8%) of hypertensive group they had hyperglycemia, and (47.6%, 40.9%) of hypertensive group they have overweight and obesity respectively with p-value (0.04*). Conclusion: The present study shows that a high correlation between BMI is an independent risk factor with hypertension, and hyperglycemia as well as a positive correlation between smoking and physical in activity in relation to obesity, hypertension, and hyperglycemia.


There are numerous applications for deep UV AlGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in virus inactivation, air and water purification, sterilization, bioagent detection, and UV polymer curing. The long-term stability of these LEDs is also of interest for long-duration space missions such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, the first gravitational wave detector in space. We review the literature on long-term aging of these devices as a function of drive current, temperature, and dc versus pulsed operation. LEDs typically show a gradual decline in output power (up to 50%) over extended operating times (>100 h) and the rate of decline is mainly driven by current and temperature. Experimentally, the degradation rate is dependent on the cube of drive current density and exponentially on temperature. The main mechanism for this decline appears to be creation/ migration of point defects. Pre-screening by considering the ratio of band edge-to-midgap emission and LED ideality factor is effective in identifying populations of devices that show long lifetimes (>10,000 hours), defined as output power falling to 70% of the initial value.


This paper presents an experience with a programming language SPOOL which is based on the combination of object-oriented programming and logic programming. This language inherits the capability of knowledge base organization from object-oriented programming and its expressive power from logic programming.
The experience of the application of SPOOL to the program annotation system showed that this combination was quite useful to formalize domain knowledge into declarative data types and make them reusable in different contexts. It also showed the need for further study such as better linguistic support to exploit the full power of this combination.


One evening in Hackney, East London, nearly three years ago, a hundred people came to a party. There were many kinds of food prepared, including West Indian, Turkish, and Cypriot dishes; there was drinking; there was dancing. There was an exhibition on the walls, and half way through the evening, there was a pause, to listen to some of the people there read aloud from a book. The readers were the authors; they read aloud from pages in the book which they had written. In short, it was a publishing party, of a very unusual kind. For not only were the authors presenting their written work aloud, giving voice to the printed word; they had also edited, designed, and collaborated in publishing their own book. More than that, they had worked together in the conception and drafting of other people's writing as well as their own. The making of the book had engaged all of them in a process of dialogue with each other. The product was not only the book, printed and silent, but the reading from it, and the response to it. The book in question is called Every birth it comes different,1 and it was published in the autumn of 1980. Twenty-one people are listed as authors (including the writers of the introduction). The creation of the book, from original idea to printed result, took two years. It is not long (only seventy-two pages), but its effect on a reader is powerful, and the manner of its production challenges the conventional definitions of "literature." Four other factors about the book are significant. One, the authors are adult literacy students; two, eighteen of them are women; three, the subject is childbirth; and four, the relationship of the participants requires a redefinition of the accepted roles of teacher, student, publisher, and writer. My own interest in this book is both personal and professional. I have had two experiences of childbirth of my own (my children are now thirteen and eleven years old), both in London hospitals. A collection like this of firsthand accounts of childbearing, from many cultures, over several decades, opens up an entirely new perspective on what those few hours in my life were about. I am also, by trade, a literacy worker, having served my apprenticeship during the early stages of the adult literacy campaign in Britain as volunteer, part-time tutor, and full-time organizer. In 1975 I became a founding member of the editorial collective which has published, ever since then, a quarterly paper called Write First Time, consisting of articles written by adult literacy students from across the country. During the same period, Centerprise, the publishing project and bookshop in Hackney, East London, was beginning to produce the first working-class autobiographical writing and poetry in a long series of books and pamphlets for which it has acquired an international reputation. Every birth it comes different was the result of work by members of the Hackney Reading Centre, which occupies rooms at the top of the Centerprise building. Sue Shrapnel, who worked there at that time, was also a founding member of Write First Time. Both Write First Time and Centerprise were members of the Federation of Worker Writers and Community Publishers when it was formally established in 1978 as a network of writing and publishing groups in Britain.


Xenopus laevis oocytes are a powerful tool for the characterization of signal transduction pathways leading to the induction of DNA synthesis. Since activation of PLA2, PLC, or PLD has been postulated as a mediator of ras function, we have used the oocyte system to study the putative functional relationship between ras‐p21 and these phospholipases. A rapid generation of PA and DAG was observed after ras‐p21 microinjection, suggesting the activation of both PLC and PLD enzymes. However, production of DAG was sensitive to inhibition of the PA‐hydrolase by propranolol, indicating that PLD is the enzyme responsible for the generation of both PA and DAG. Microinjection of PLD or ras‐p21 induced the late production of lysophosphatidylcholine on a p42MAPK‐dependent manner, an indication of the activation of a PLA2. Inhibition of this enzyme by quinacrine does not inhibit PLD‐ or ras‐induced GVBD, suggesting that PLA2 activation is not needed for ras or PLD function. Contrary to 3T3 fibroblasts, where ras‐p21 is functionally dependent for its mitogenic activity on TPA‐ and staurosporine‐sensitive PKC isoforms, in Xenopus oocytes, induction of GVBD by ras‐p21 was independent of PKC, while PLC‐induced GVBD was sensitive to PKC inhibition. Thus, our results demonstrate the activation of PLD and PLA2 by ras‐p21 proteins, while no effect on PLC was observed.


SMOS (soil moisture and ocean salinity) is the second Earth Explorer Mission of Opportunity within the European Space Agency (ESA) Living Planet Program. The purpose of the SMOS mission is to provide soil moisture and ocean salinity maps from space. The mission is comprised of a satellite that measures the electromagnetic noise generated by Earth at L- band (1.4 GHz) with a spatial resolution of 50-100 Km and radiometric sensitivity of 5 K. SMOS detects the electromagnetic radiation at L band where microwave theorists have encountered a direct relationship between soil moisture and ocean salinity with Earth emissivity. SMOS single instrument is a innovative 2D synthetic aperture interferometric radiometer.


This article deals with the research of entrepreneurship development in the frame of institutional environment in the Czech Republic. The example of the Czech Republic shows similar problems and specifics of post-transformation economies in Central and Eastern Europe. The goal is to discover the impact of specific institutional barriers on entrepreneurship development from the perspective of entrepreneurs and willingness to start own business. The surveys revealed that institutional barriers have significant impact on business. The influence of public administration and the configuration of the legislative environment are other key factors. Entrepreneurship policies should be more effective and public administration needs to create a better system of support and information transfer for new entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship development.


The title Schiff base compound, C10H10Cl3NO, was prepared by the condensation of 1-(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethanone with chloroethylamine. The imine adopts an E configuration with respect to the C=N bond. The H atom of the phenolic OH group is disordered over two positions with site occupation factors of 0.52 (7) and 0.48 (7), respectively, and the major occupancy component is involved in an intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond. The compound therefore exists in an iminium–phenolate as well as in the imino–phenol form. In the crystal, molecules are connected by C—H⋯O and C—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds and Cl⋯Cl interactions [3.7864 (9) Å] into a three-dimensional network. In addition, intermolecular π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distance = 4.4312 (9) Å] are observed.


In Zambia, 78% of women are engaged in agriculture whereas only 69% of men are engaged in agriculture (Sitko et al. 2011). Women are also responsible for domestic food production and household nutrition adding to their labor burden. However, women farmers in Zambia often do not own or control many productive resources, are disproportionately excluded from decision-making processes, and are less likely to benefit from public services, such as extension (Sitko et al. 2011). Few women have land in their own name (USAID N.D.). They are disadvantaged by poor access to information, communications, infrastructure and markets, and reduced access to training and education. Limited access to and control of resources and services frequently results in lower crop yields for women, and women's income-generating abilities are also constrained by their primary task of producing agricultural products to meet household consumption needs (Sitko et al. 2011). Results from the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index showed that only 40% of women in households with both adult men and women in the Eastern Province Feed the Future Zone of Influence have achieved gender parity. Lack of control over use of income and limited access to assets were particularly strong contributors to this lack of parity (Feed the Future FEEDBACK 2013).


In this paper, a continuous position estimation scheme is presented for linear switched reluctance motors (LSRMs). The scheme uses diagnostic current injection into an unenergized phase to detect the motor position. This paper proposed that a new current integration index be used to quantify the measurement of current waveform. Hardware implementation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed estimation scheme for the LSRM. This paper also performs a study on the accuracy of the estimated position. Through the detailed experimental data, the approach of polynomial fitting is compared with the lookup table with regard to characteristic curve representation. The estimation error distributions and their standard deviation show that the accuracy and precision are close between these two approaches.


Ludwig's angina is a rapidly spreading cellulitis that may produce upper airway obstruction which can be potentially lethal and often leading to death. However, this disorder can develop in children, in whom it can cause serious airway compromise. Treatment included incision and drainage of associated spaces, teeth extraction, and antibiotic therapy. There is no consensus in the literature regarding airway management. We report a patient with Ludwig angina with airway compromise who presented at a remote rural hospital. We successfully relieved airway obstruction by surgical decompression alone, using a cervical plexus block.


Abstract The generation of acoustic waves in a PZT film and on the surface of a bulk single crystal sample of barium titanate through impulsive stimulated scattering is demonstrated. This optical method allows routine and thorough characterization of the dispersive properties of thin film acoustic modes. The potential for extraction of the elastic and piezoelectric constants of piezoelectric thin films is discussed.


This research is to develop the automatic machine for sorting colored objects with conveyor belt. It was designed to classify colored objects such as red, green, blue and other colors by using fiber optic sensor. The microcontroller is automatically used to move the material objects along with the conveyor belt into the containers on the tray. The microcontroller is automatically used to move the materials along with the conveyor belt, and then fell into the defined containers on the tray. The fiber optic was used for the object detection to read the amount of the intensity of light that hits the object then reflected back to the sensor, after that converted into an electrical signal to the microcontroller to control the stepper motor in order to choose containers and color of objects to match each other. Design and experiments of this research can be used as a basis for practiced mechatronics engineering laboratory. In addition, the machine can be used as a model for related industries of colored sorting. From the result, it can be shown that the sorting machine classified the colored objects as red, green, blue and other color with high accuracy. The average time of the test objects is 9.96, 13.47, 16.58 and 9.04 seconds for objects as red, green, blue and other colors respectively.


Background. Currently, in men suffering from prostate cancer, histological examination of the material obtained during pelvic lymphadenectomy (PLAE) is the most accurate and reliable method for staging the tumor process and postoperative prognosis of disease outcomes, an important factor influencing the choice of the most rational treatment tactics after radical prostatectomy. However, today questions about the therapeutic (oncological) expediency of PLAE and its safety in terms of the development of intra- and postoperative complications remain debatable.Aim. To was to compare the perioperative and therapeutic (oncological) results of radical prostat ectomy performed in combination with standard or extended PLAE.Materials and methods. The study materials were the data of medical records of 812 men aged 43 to 78 years, at different times (from January 2009 to December 2018) who were hospitalized for localized or locally advanced prostate cancer in stages cT1a–cT3bN0M0. The research method was a retrospective analysis of the data contained in the selected medical records.Results and conclusion. The results of our studies, firstly, confirm the conclusions of the European Association of Urology (EAU) experts on the justification and necessity of performing an extended PLAE with radical prostatectomy in order to diagnose metastatic lesions of the pelvic lymph nodes in individuals with an intermediate or high risk of prostate cancer progression; secondly, they indicate a higher therapeutic efficacy of extended PLAE compared to that for standard PLAE, which is expressed in a statistically significantly three times lower incidence of biochemical relapses and an 11.4 % longer relapse-free period after extended PLAE than after standard PLAE. Extended PLAE, performed in one surgical session with radical prostatectomy, is not a risk factor for the development of various intra- and postoperative complications, with the exception of the lymphocele, which is formed in 3.7–13.5 % of cases of extended PLAE due to intraoperative transection of lymphatic vessels and lymph accumulation at the site of the removed adipose tissue.


Background
 CD123 (IL-3 receptor alpha-chain) is a therapeutic target for hematological malignancies based on high expression levels in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN), and other cancers. The anti-CD123 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), IMGN632, comprises a humanized monoclonal antibody covalently linked to a DNA - alkylating cytotoxic payload which is currently in phase 1 evaluation for relapsed/refractory CD123-positive hematological malignancies (NCT03386513). Novel approaches to enhance the efficacy of ADCs are of significant therapeutic interest. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated that the Poly ADP Ribose (PARP) inhibitor, olaparib, synergistically enhances the activity of the CD33-targeted ADC, IMGN779, in preclinical AML models (Portwood S et al, ASH 2016). Based on the hypothesis that PARP inhibition will synergize with DNA damaging mechanism of IMGN632, we investigated the ability of olaparib and other PARP inhibitors (PARPi) in clinical development (talazoparib, niraparib, rucaparib, and veliparib) to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of IMGN632 across diverse human AML cell lines and primary relapsed/refractory AML samples.
 Materials and Methods
 CD123 expression on human AML cell lines (HEL, HL60, MV411, Molm13, EOL-1, THP-1, and Kasumi-1) was quantified by flow cytometry using QuantriBrite beads. AML cells were continuously cultured for 72-96 hours with varying doses of IMGN632 (range 100pM - 100nM) and specific PARP inhibitors (range 100pM -15μM) alone and in combination. Cell viability was measured using a WST-8 colorimetric assay. Primary clinically annotated CD123+ AML cells from patients with relapsed/refractory disease were obtained under IRB-approved protocols from the Roswell Park Hematologic Procurement Shared Resource and cultured short-term in the presence of multiple cytokines plus IMGN632 +/- PARP inhibitors. Apoptosis (Annexin V/PI), cell cycle, and DNA damage (H2AX) were evaluated by flow cytometry. Additive vs. synergistic effects were determined by combination indices using Compusyn software. PARP trapping was evaluated by Western blot analysis in nuclear lysates obtained from IMGN632 +/- PARP inhibitors treated AML cells.
 Results
 High expression levels of CD123 (range 937 - 2231 CD123 molecules/cell) were detected on multiple human AML cell lines (HEL-luc, MV411, Molm13, EOL-1, and THP-1) relative to unstained negative controls. Western blot analysis of nuclear lysates from AML cells demonstrated that all PARP inhibitors had varying degrees of PARP trapping on DNA. Continuous single agent 5-day treatment with all tested PARP inhibitors resulted in dose dependent in vitro inhibition of AML cell line growth with IC50 values ranging from 360 nM (talazoparib, most potent) to 78uM (veliparib, least potent). Combination therapy using PARP inhibitors (doses ranging from 300nM - 15uM) and IMGN632 (10nM) consistently resulted in enhanced anti-leukemic effects over monotherapy (Figure 1 for example). Synergistic anti-proliferative effects were obtained across all tested AML cell lines (n=5) with combination indexes ranging from 0.3-0.7 by Compusyn analysis. Combination therapy correlated with enhanced DNA damage, tumor cell apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest of AML cells. Moreover, IMGN632 and PARPi (olaparib or talazoparib) resulted in single agent activity against clinically annotated primary relapsed/refractory AML patient samples with evidence of synergistic effects when combined in vitro.
 Conclusions
 Addition of PARP inhibitors to IMGN632, a novel anti-CD123 antibody-drug conjugate, further enhances DNA damage effects and consistently results in synergistic in vitro anti-leukemic effects across multiple CD123+ AML cell lines and primary AML patient samples. Further studies investigating this novel combinatorial approach in specific molecular subtypes of AML with variable baseline sensitivities to PARPi are currently ongoing. Our results strongly support future investigation of PARPi as a novel class of agents with the potential to significantly enhance the efficacy of DNA-alkylating ADCs and/or cytotoxic chemotherapy for hematological malignancies.
 Figure. Figure.

 Sloss: ImmunoGen: Employment. Watkins:ImmunoGen Inc.: Employment. Kovtun:ImmunoGen Inc.: Employment. Adams:ImmunoGen Inc.: Employment. Wang:Abbvie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Consultancy; Novartis: Speakers Bureau; Jazz: Speakers Bureau; Jazz: Speakers Bureau; Pfizer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.


In recent years, a number of studies have introduced methods for identifying papers with delayed recognition (so called "sleeping beauties," SBs) or have presented single publications as cases of SBs. Most recently, Ke, Ferrara, Radicchi, and Flammini ( , Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 112(24), 7426–7431) proposed the so called "beauty coefficient" (denoted as B) to quantify how much a given paper can be considered as a paper with delayed recognition. In this study, the new term smart girl (SG) is suggested to differentiate instant credit or "flashes in the pan" from SBs. Although SG and SB are qualitatively defined, the dynamic citation angle β is introduced in this study as a simple way for identifying SGs and SBs quantitatively — complementing the beauty coefficient B. The citation angles for all articles from 1980 (n = 166,870) in natural sciences are calculated for identifying SGs and SBs and their extent. We reveal that about 3% of the articles are typical SGs and about 0.1% typical SBs. The potential advantages of the citation angle approach are explained.


ments. The companion website also offers application and interpretation of ANOVA and path analysis, as well as worked examples of univariate and bivariate analysis. Chapter 6 introduces ANOVA/ANCOVA. Topics covered here include calculations associated with ANOVA/ANCOVA (mean square within, mean square between, etc.), assumptions associated with ANOVA/ANCOVA, and two separate sections on interpreting model results, one examining ANOVA and the other ANCOVA. This chapter offers prescriptive instructions about how to conduct a one-way ANOVA, steps for conducting planned comparisons, and the steps for conducting post hoc comparisons. One of the great strengths of this Chapter concerns the presentation of contrast coding in locating significant bivariate relationships within ANOVA/ANCOVA. Here, the authors present a wellformulated discussion on how to use planned comparisons, as well as post hoc testing, with brief emphasis on the differences between each type of test (orthogonal vs. nonorthogonal planned contrasts, Scheffe vs. Tukey's HSD vs. Fisher's LSD post hoc testing, etc.). The final chapter (chapter 7) presents information on path analysis to readers. It presents well-crafted illustrative descriptions of path diagrams, key terms associated with path analysis (endogenous vs. exogenous variables, etc.), a discussion of direct versus indirect model effects, statistical assumptions, and an introduction to conducting path analysis using Analysis of Moment Structures software. In my opinion, the most valuable subsection of the entire text is a poignant discussion on how path analysis is similar, but not identical, to the analytical tool Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). There is one very important difference between SEM and path analysis, measurement models. SEM was developed to examine two dimensions of statistical testing simultaneously; the order of relationships among measured variables (structural models) and psychometric properties of latent variables (measurement models). However, for some, SEM has been co-opted as a rather generic tool used exclusively for path analysis because of its relaxed assumptions concerning the accuracy of variable measurement and simplistic measures concerning overall model fit. While there is no violation in using SEM solely as a tool for path analysis, current doctoral students will benefit substantially from reinforcement that path analysis is only one component of SEM, as SEM can also examine latent variable measurement models. Stylistically, the text is easy to read and simple to process. There is little reliance on mathematical representation and much simplicity in graphical and table-based information. However, there are a few shortcomings worth mentioning. First, the examples presented within the book and accompanying website are exclusively drawn from the 1988 National Educational Longitudinal Education Study (NELS). While this is indeed a superb data set for statistical modeling, not all readers will find the examples relevant to their own practice/ research. Additionally, some, but not all chapters have an additional readings subsection at their conclusion. These important subsections could easily be added to every chapter in the book and could have contained more specified readings. Many additional readings subsections offer references to other, well-known, statistics textbooks. Furthermore, while a strength of the book is that the authors place almost no assumptions on the reader's prior statistical knowledge, speaking as an early career social worker, some may struggle to find this material challenging. This can be easily remedied through additional supplemental materials, advanced topics on the book's corresponding website, or recommended readings explicitly for more advanced, detail-specific topics. Finally, additional multimedia offerings at the conclusion of each chapter may aid substantially in student learning, especially concerning the presentation of introductory ideas such as central tendency, variability, and hypothesis testing. With these minor criticisms in mind, the book is clear and well written, overall. It is easy to read and appropriate for its targeted audience. Indeed, each chapter is thorough in its presentation, while not letting the reader get too bogged down in theoretical notions of statistical testing or overwhelming mathematical equations. Additionally, an engaging instructor, course-specific supplemental readings, and in-class multimedia presentations can easily remedy many, if not all the minor stylistic shortcomings mentioned. This text should be considered a valuable and concise tool in learning and conducting social work research.


Juveniles (0 + age group) of both subspecies of the Australian salmon were captured over eelgrass meadows in Western Port at various times between October 1974 and February 1976. The western subspecies and the eastern subspecies were present from August through April, and December through May, respectively. The western subspecies always fed on benthic-dwelling prey including fishes, crabs and shrimps, and the eastern subspecies fed on prey which inhabited the water column (crustacean larvae, insects and epitokous polychaetes) in December but switched to benthic-dwelling prey (fishes, small squid, benthic crustaceans and polychaetes) in May. The role of different gill-raker number and morphology in effecting dietary separation of the subspecies is unclear.


Objective:To observe TV hysteroscopic surgery in the diagnosis and treatment of uterine mediastinum. Methods:Thirty-seven cases of uterine mediastinal patients underwent hysteroscopic surgery for diagnosis and treatment. Results:Of 37 cases of uterine mediastinum,4 cases were the complete mediastinal uterus,and 33 cases were incomplete uterine mediastinum.In all the 37 cases who underwent hysteroscopic surgery of uterine mediastinum with laparoscope and (or) B-ultra monitoring,no intraoperative complications occurred,there was little vaginal discharge little for 1 to 3 weeks,and the average length of stay was 6 days.In the follow-up,there were 23 cases of pregnancy,of which 12 cases of full-term pregnancy,3 cases of early pregnancy,1 case of pregnancy,2 cases of late pregnancy,5 cases of spontane- ous abortion;6 cases were primary infertility;and 8 cases applied contraception.Conclusion:It is an effective method to treat uterine mediastinum by hysteroscopic surgery with laparoscopy and (or) B ultra monitoring,followed by 3 months of intra-uterine IUD and the application of 3 months of artificial cycle.


The principles of chemical equilibrium were used to derive a new set of formulae representing the oxygen potentials for five buffer gas mixtures at normal pressure.Various sorts of classical formulae for them are on- ly a particular representation under ignoring the effects of oxygen,thereby being unavailable for accurate cal- culation of oxygen potentials.In this paper,the oxygen potentials set by CO_2-H_2 gas mixtures and the mis- takes and errors of the classical expressions for them were discussed emphatically.The deviation in partial pressures of oxygen in some of previous experiments under the oxygen potentials controlled by CO_2-H_2 gas mixtures was explained quantitatively.The oxygen-potential diagrams predicting the equilibrated gas com- positions from the initial conditions have been also given.


ABSTRACT The general problem is considered of computing functionals of tho response of linear, constant coefficient dynamical systems of the form where f(t) is any Laplace-transformable function of time and Q(x) any homogeneous algebraic form in the components of a state vector x, A matrix M is introduced, together with a ' matrix Laplace transform' F(M) of f(l). Using these matrices, the class of functional considered may be computed simply in terms of an algebraic form in a set of release coordinates. This enables response functionals of this type to be computed directly in terms of system component values without an intermediate determination of the explicit form of the response.


A 10-year-old child presented with neuroregression. Human immunodeficiency virus infection was confirmed. computed tomographic scan and psychological evaluation confirmed dementia. There was remarkable improvement on anti-retroviral therapy.


cess (Boston: Little, Brown, 1964). The federal analogy appears to hold on the state level. 6. Long discusses the "plasticity" and innovative potential of the executive family that the new governor brings to office, op. cit., p. 193 ff. 7. Kenneth 0. Warner, "Planning for Transition," State Government, Vol. XXXIV, No. 2 (Spring 1961), p. 103. 8. Coleman B. Ransone, Jr., Office of the Governor in the United States (University, Ala.: University of Alabama Press, 1956), p. 94. 9. Robert Dahl, "The Concept of Power," Behavioral Science, Vol. II, No. 3 (July 1957), pp. 201-215. 10. Gibbons, op. cit., p. 100. 11. From an interview with Governor William Avery by John Wickman, December 27, 1966. 12. Laurin L. Henry, Presidential Transitions (Washington, D. C.: The Brookings Institution 1960).


A carbon quantum dots‐reinforced polypyrrole (PPy/CQDs) composite electrodes were prepared via the hybrid electrospray method. PPy/CQDs composite shows superior electrochemical performance with a specific capacity (Qg) of 174.21 C g−1 at 1 A g−1 in 3 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. An all‐solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) is composed of PPy/CQDs as a positive electrode and rGO as a negative electrode with PVA/KOH gel electrolyte, which exhibited the specific capacity (Qg) of 79.25 C g−1 at the current density of 1.5 A g−1 with an energy and power density of 26.44 Wh kg−1 and 18 090.82 W kg−1, respectively. An assembled PPy/CQDs//rGO device offers cyclic retention of about 76.8% at 15 A g−1 after 10 000 cycles. The above results confirmed that the as‐prepared PPy/CQDs composite electrode is more suitable for high‐performance‐based semi‐flexible supercapacitor application.


Abstract Growth response of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. 'Bragg'] grown in open top field chambers at five carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations ranging from 349 to 946 μLL‐1 and under two water regimes was examined. During reproductive growth, plants grown under CO2 enrichment exhibited increases in total leaf area and dry weight. Water stress inhibited growth at all CO2 levels, but the relative enhancement of growth due to CO2 enrichment under water‐stressed (WS) conditions was greater than under well‐watered (WW) conditions. Water‐stressed plants grown under 946 μLL‐1 CO2 were larger than WW plants grown under 349 μLL‐1 CO2. Reproductive yield increases were represented by increases in seed number rather than larger seeds. Although water stress reduced yield, the relative increase in seed number in response to elevated CO2 was greater for WS plants. Leaf tissue analysis suggested that a phosphorus deficiency may have restricted the seed dry weight response to elevated CO2. The mean relative growth rat...


Land use and land cover changes (LULCC) associated with urbanization affect watershed functions and services through fundamental alteration of biogeochemical cycles. Quantifying the potential chang...


The paper paid more attention to the emphasis and difficulties in the optimization of basic formulas of the science of herbal formula,and experience and techniques in practice on the base of teacher training and reasonable arrangement of teaching content according to the characteristics of students of vocational-technical secondary school.Students were encouraged to prescribe by themselves through case discussion.The teaching modes including master-apprentice mode have been perfected to expand students' mind and develop their sense of clinical application and research for improving the teaching quality and student' s ability.


The composition and performance of the hydropower station equipped with strive drive, force feedback integrated hydraulic-turbine behind the dam of Shitouhe Reservoir are introduced, with the emphases on the electric liquor chaperonage of speed regulator, and the key parts-integrated valve of strive drive, force feedback type.


Objectives : To study incidence and type of postrenal transplant de novo malignancy. Setting : A total of 730 postrenal transplant patients followed up in our unit for a mean period of 5.3 years was studied retrospectively for development of malignancy. Results : In 48 patients (6.5%) 49 malignancies developed. Of the 48 patients, 36 developed Kaposi's sarcoma and nine patients developed solid tumours (kidney (1), liver (2), thyroid (2), nasopharynx (1), urinary bladder (1), uterus (1), metastasizing adenocarcinoma of unknown aetiology (1)). Three patients developed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of diffuse large cell type. The average time from transplantation to development of solid tumours was 7.1 years and for skin tumours was 15.9 months. The paper analyses these findings and compares them with that of the Saudi general population as well as a posttransplant Western population.


Heat shields from a factory test of the furnaces that will be used to heat the magnesium and uranium beds for the tritium extraction facility (TEF) were examined to determine the cause of discoloration. The samples were examined using visual, optical microscopy, electron microscopy, x-ray spectroscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy.


The identification of the distribution system topology is the key concern in distribution system state estimation and the precondition for its energy management. However, lacking sufficient measurement devices, full-scale identification of entire distribution grid can hardly be achievable in practice. The frequent topology changes in distribution systems impose challenges for topology identification. This paper proposes a novel topology identification method by deeply mining the data obtained from gird terminals and smart meters at end-users premises. The proposed method starts with data processing, followed by nodal correlation analysis and topology modeling based on the Markov Random Field (MRF) method, where the pseudo-likelihood method and L2 regularization theory are introduced to improve the computation efficiency while preventing the over-fitting problem. Then the iterative screening method is developed to generate the distribution system topology of medium/low-voltage distribution systems. Finally, the incremental learning and parallel programming models are proposed to implement the algorithms on single/multi-terminal. The effectiveness of the proposed model is validated on IEEE 33-node, IEEE 123-node and actual distribution systems.


In order to calculate axial loads of traffic flow, this thesis analysed its structure and distribution, put forward several new concepts suth as distributive axis load, axial load of vehicle flow, average axial load of single vehicle and so on ,and put a complete set of effective method of calculation . On the base of repeating contrast to practical data we created the model of axial load of vehicle flow for bituminous pavement. For the first time we applied this model on the Pavment Management System of Nanjing Second Yangtze River Bridge(NEPMS), and solved the problems how to use the data of the weighing station of the bridge, and how to calculate the axial loads of the traffic flow, with satisfied results.


And an optically transparent infrared absorbing film which comprises a transparent conductive oxide including, for example, an infrared absorbing layer. The film may include an infrared absorbent composite stack, the stack may comprise an infrared absorbent composite, for example, infrared disposed between the dielectric layer of absorbent material. Film may be synergistically improved optical properties and characteristics of daylight.


Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the common and chronic functional gastrointestinal disorders that causes a great burden for the patient and the society. Therefore, investigation of psychological variables related to IBS can be useful in understanding, managing and reducing symptom severity in IBS patients. The present study was performed to examine the mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty on the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and severity of symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. One hundred and eighty patients with irritable bowel syndrome (66 women, 114 men) participated in this study. All patients were asked to complete the IBS Symptom Severity Scale (IBS-SSS), Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) and Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS-12). Results demonstrated that early maladaptive schemas and intolerance of uncertainty had a significant positive association with severity of symptoms. Early maladaptive schemas had a significant positive association with intolerance of uncertainty. Results showed that intolerance of uncertainty did not play a mediating role on the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and severity of IBS symptoms. According to the results of the present study, it can be concluded that early maladaptive schemas and intolerance of uncertainty can predict severity of IBS symptoms. Considering these psychological variables would be helpful in the processes of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of IBS.


How does hope relate to the language of cures? Honan et al. note that claims about cures for cerebral palsy (CP) can promote unrealistic expectations, and there is disagreement whether CP should be framed as a pathological condition needing curative therapy. According to the authors, '. . . false hope should be balanced with the importance of providing hope.' They also note the importance of ' . . . maintaining hope while also being realistic.' While their article provides little information concerning what hope actually means to persons with CP, one risk with connecting the language of hope to the rhetoric of pursuing cures is that too much emphasis is placed on optimism and the prospect of eventual cures, and insufficient consideration is given to communicating in an honest and accurate manner. Being realistic (to use the authors' phrase) is crucial, and requires promoting public conversations that draw upon best available evidence and avoid the misleading framings that sometimes accompany efforts to promote and sustain hope. For example, efforts to generate increased support for funding of biomedical research initiatives related to CP should avoid engaging in scientific hyperbole by suggesting that cures are within reach if only there is sufficient investment in scientific research. As Honan et al. note, the general public needs to understand that research typically occurs in incremental fashion, with definitive cures often elusive. Furthermore, many researchers underestimate the duration of time needed for therapeutic advances to occur. They contribute to public misunderstandings by conveying the message that safe and effective therapies are imminent. Researchers can also overemphasize hope by claiming safe and effective therapies are available now for CP or other indications when it is inaccurate to make such assertions. For example, one of the authors of this article has claimed in a television interview that individuals with CP can travel to the United States for stem cell treatments, even though this therapy is inaccessible in Australia (https://www.skynews.com.au/australia-news/stem-cell-trea tment-could-be-a-game-changer-for-kids-with-cerebral-pa lsy/video/9e6ad564a0824676276197568fbc927a). Such statements, while they might foster hope, do so by making the incorrect assertion that safe and efficacious stem cell therapies for CP exist in the US, and would also be available in Australia were it not for what the scientist claims are the country's 'archaic rules'. With further research, cell-based interventions for CP might emerge as safe and efficacious therapies. However, at present it is misleading to make such claims. Exaggerated claims about putative stem cell therapies or other purported treatments can also promote misunderstandings that inform decision-making of parents deciding whether to enroll children with CP in clinical trials. When safety and efficacy of specific interventions have not been demonstrated in a convincing scientific manner, clinicians need to emphasize that children recruited into such studies will be administered investigational products. In such cases, the hopes of parents need to be tempered with clear explanations that there is no assurance of efficacy, and risks need to be understood and weighed before making decisions about whether to enroll children in clinical trials. Scientific hyperbole, an emphasis on promoting hope, and the search for cures can intertwine in unpredictable and harmful ways. Being realistic by engaging in conversations and public engagement efforts that draw upon best available evidence is crucial, even if such efforts mean greater emphasis is placed on honesty than promoting and maintaining notions of hope that are connected to the quest for cures.


The two-dimensional aspects of dwellings occupied by their owner, consumption and investment, make the analysis of households' portfolio choice and the analysis of housing purchases more difficult. But it seems difficult to analyze portfolio decisions without taking account of owner-occupied housing that has an important effect on wealth composition over the life cycle. In this paper we estimated a portfolio choice model where the different dwellings are defined as assets and we showed that we cannot separate investment decisions from housing consumption. Especially, risky assets demand should be greatly influenced by attitudes toward home property. Copyright 2001 by The International Association for Research in Income and Wealth.


>Metformin and Canagliflozin are both anti-diabetic solid drugs. They reported harmonious action when delivered in combination. This research article established a cheap correct, rugged, and sensitive method to simultaneously estimate Canagliflozin and Metformin. The drug Canagliflozin and Metformin have absorption maxima at 290 nm and 232 nm, respectively. Canagliflozin and metformin in the developed method indicated calibration curve plot in the range of 8 to 12 μg/mL and 40 to 60 μg/mL having regression values of 0.997 and 0.988, respectively. The accuracy reading results data presented recovery of the standard drug in the range of 98–102% with a standard deviation of less than 2. Intra-day and inter-day reading effects were also obtained in the standard limits, presenting the precision of the procedure. Therefore, it could be concluded that the established technique was correct, precise, and exact with sufficient sensitivity and effectively understood for the simultaneous estimation of Canagliflozin and Metformin in their combined dosage during the routine study work.


The aim of this thesis is to clarify the purpose of equal treatment. Furthermore the thesis intents to shed light on what the courts affirm or declare when they determine what is in compliance with the principle of equal treatment. In addition to this the thesis will also analyse whether or not a framework agreement can be combined according to LOU 5th chapter 6 § and LOU 5th chapter 7 §. The central legal framework of public procurement is the law of Public Procurement Act (2007:1091), LOU. LOU is based upon EU-directives and its purpose is to give every party of the procurement procedure equal treatment. Furthermore the Public Procuremnet procedure is intended to benefit from the competition in the market. Public Procurement in Sweden amounts to 400 billion Swedish krona on a yearly basis. It is very important that every supplier within public procurement is offered equal treatment. For example, the invitation of tender may not be phrased in a way that puts one supplier in a different position than the rest of the suppliers. The principle of equal treatment says that equal cases can not be treated differently and different cases can not be treated equal, if not motivated properly. The meaning of the principle of equal treatment is that every company should have the same right and that all invitations of tender get the same treatment. This thesis essentially concern three court cases. The courts have, in all three cases, argued in various ways but drawn the same conclusion, which was that the buyer had omitted the principle of equal treatment. I base my conclusions regarding the possibility for a buyer, in a public procurement concerning a framework agreement, to combine an assignment according to LOU 5th chapter 6 § and LOU 5th chapter 7 § upon the Swedish Competition Authority's statement in the cases 3344-09 and 3345-09. The Swedish Competition Authority thought that the structure of the agreement violated LOU and EC-law. Furthermore they found that the buyers framework agreement did not fulfil the requirements of equal treatment. In my opinion, which correspond with the Swedish Competition Authority's judgement, the buyer has omitted the principle of equal treatment since it is not possible to combine an assignment according LOU 5th chapter 6 § och LOU 5th chapter 7 §.


Human specimens with a cleft vertebral coluiiin or conibined anterior and posterior spina bifida are rare. Cruveilliier (1824) described the first case, but Grubel. ('26) and Feller and Sternberg ('29) could only collect thirty-one cases between then:. To date oiily thirty-seven cases appear to have been described, and of these but two Adelmaiin ( '20)' Bell ( '23) deal directly with the subject in the English language. The present case falls into group 2 of Feller and Sternberg's classification. This group encompasses those cases in which some par t of the intestinal tract passes dorsally through a cleft vertebral column and spinal cord to present itself on the back. The only two previously described in this group are those of Lucksch ( '03) and Adelmann ( '20). Lucksch 's specimen (human) had an upper dorsal defect in contrast to the lumbo-sacral defect of this case, which appears unique in human teratology since Adelniann 's specimen, although closely corresponding, was a calf. Combined spina bifida is an extreme in axial growth phenomena and may therefore elucidate some lesser abnormalities of the spine. For instance the Clinical Society of London (1885)' Cleland (1889) and Greig ( '29) have hinted at the possibility of a relationship between a cleft vertebral column (combined spina bifida) and the bony processes, attended


The present study investigated the impact of translation from L2 to L1 on Moroccan EFL first year baccalaureate students' reading comprehension. Therefore, it tried to find out: 1) whether translation from L2 to L1 has an effect on students' reading comprehension, 2) Whether translation from L2 to L1 enhances students' reading strategies. To meet these objectives three kinds of research instruments were designed: recall protocol, comprehension questions in the form of true/false questions, and a feedback questionnaire. The data was collected from two groups (control group and experimental group) and it was subject to descriptive statistical analysis. The findings revealed significant differences between the two groups in favor of the experimental group. However, findings didn't show any significant differences between the two groups in terms of strategies used while reading.


Various substrate-derived chloromethyl ketones were synthesized by a conventional method for the purpose of obtaining specific and potent irreversible inhibitors for human spleen fibrinolytic proteinase (SFP) and human leukocyte elastase (LE) in order to compare the properties of SFP with those of LE. It was found that Boc-Ala-Tyr-Leu-Val-CH2Cl among the peptide chloromethyl ketones exhibited the most effective and specific inhibition of SFP and LE. The two enzymes were inhibited by peptide chloromethyl ketones having a Val residue at the C-terminus in a similar manner, demonstrating a similarity between SFP and LE.


Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis begins with an asymmetric cell division giving rise to smaller forespore and larger mother cell compartments. Different programs of gene expression are subsequently directed by compartment-specific RNA polymerase σ-factors. In the final stages, spore coat proteins are synthesized in the mother cell under the control of RNA polymerase containing σK, (EσK). σK is synthesized as an inactive zymogen, pro-σK, which is activated by proteolytic cleavage. Processing of pro-σK is performed by SpoIVFB, a metalloprotease that resides in a complex with SpoIVFA and bypass of forespore (Bof)A in the outer forespore membrane. Ensuring coordination of events taking place in the two compartments, pro-σK processing in the mother cell is delayed until appropriate signals are received from the forespore. Cell-cell signaling is mediated by SpoIVB and BofC, which are expressed in the forespore and secreted to the intercompartmental space where they regulate pro-σK processing by mechanisms that are not yet fully understood. Here we present the three-dimensional structure of BofC determined by solution state NMR. BofC is a monomer made up of two domains. The N-terminal domain, containing a four-stranded β-sheet onto one face of which an α-helix is packed, closely resembles the third immunoglobulin-binding domain of protein G from Streptococcus. The C-terminal domain contains a three-stranded β-sheet and three α-helices in a novel domain topology. The sequence connecting the domains contains a conserved DISP motif to which mutations that affect BofC activity map. Possible roles for BofC in the σK checkpoint are discussed in the light of sequence and structure comparisons.


The concept of codon optimization is one that has recently been introduced to overcome the potential functional problems of DNA introduced into foreign hosts. We present a dynamic programming approach for optimizing the codon selection for a given sequence of amino acids. The proposed approach is very efficient in that its mathematical analysis is easily tractable, its computer implementation is much simpler, and its overall complexity requires much less computational effort in comparison with one of the most recently developed methods for codon optimization.


Introduction: Recent researches are shedding new lights on the evolution of Valles Marineris and neighboring chaotic terrain and outflow channels. For example , Chapman and Tanaka [1] proposed a hypothesis with an emphasis on magma-ice interactions for the formation of chasmata, interior deposits, chaotic terrain , outflow channels, and surface materials. Terrestrial analog studies are useful in providing examples of processes that may have operated in this complex region on Mars. I here introduce some geological processes of the Baikal Rift Zone in southern Siberia, which could be compared with those in the Valles Marineris region. Many of the proposed geological activities of the Valles Marineris region have occurred also in the Baikal Rift Zone. Therefore, comparisons of these two unique regions on Earth and Mars could provide potentially very rich understanding of how elements such as rift volcanism and climate influence each other, and of the important role hydrology plays in forming landforms. Water in the Baikal Rift Zone: The Baikal Rift Zone including northern Mongolia is a vast land characterized by complex geological history (Figure 1). The geology of this region reflects continental formation processes based on interactions of cratons and arcs [2]. The basement rocks are comprised of ancient passive and active margin terrains as old as the Proterozoic and they were accreted over successively forming foldbelts of sedimentary-volcanic formations. These formations are usually extensively folded and underpinned by a variety of granitic plutons. The Cenozoic Baikal Rift with Lake Baikal occupying in the middle is as deep as 8-9 km with a thick accumulation of sediments filled in and it is one of the deepest active rifts on Earth. The main Baikal Rift is associated by many sub-parallel grabens with volcanism as young as the Holocene. The Tuva volcanic province is the westernmost lava field linked with the Baikal Rift System and the largest lava field in the province is the Azas Plateau. The Tuva volcanic province is related to the South Baikal Hot Spot that forced domal uplifting with the highest altitude above 3000 m a.s.l. at the triple junction of Hovsgol Basin, Tunka valley and Oka-Azas toughs (Figure 1). The compositions of Baikal Rift Zone vol-canics are trachybasalt and basanite [3]. The Azas lava plateau began to form from the Late Pliocene and its volcanism continued to the Holocene. The rift volcanism in the cold and wet climatic regime caused subice volcanism in Siberia. …


ABSTRACT Amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) was synthesized by reaction to the Ca(OH)2-C2H5OH-CH2OHCH2OH-CO2 systems. The ACC was then crystallized in aqueous solutions while observing the changes in crystal phases. Using lL/min of CO2 flow rate, 600rpm of stirring rate and various concentrations of Ca(OH)2 as the conditions, the reaction was divided into three stages according to changes of electrical conductivity that depends on Ca2+ concentration. ACC synthesized by these reactions was stabilized to calcite through vaterite according to time. When crystallizing the ACC in an aqueous solution, it was transferred to calcite by means of a low stirring speed regardless of temperature. However, a small amount of aragonite was obtained with higher stirring rate at high temperatures. Furthermore, the addition of NH4 + ions resulted in an irregular shape and size of the produced calcite, while Mg2+ ions enhanced aragonite production.


The purpose of the article is ultimately to align our current understanding of the nature of tenants' rights, according to basic common-law property principles, with their nature and role in the new constitutional dispensation. We consider this a worthwhile exercise in view of the question, emerging from constitutional law rather than property law or landlord-tenant law, whether the holders of short-term and unregistered long-term residential tenancies should enjoy the benefits of section 25(6) of the 1996 constitution. Section 25(6) provides that a person or community whose tenure of land is legally insecure as a result of past racially discriminatory laws or practices is entitled, to the extent provided by an act of parliament, either to tenure which is legally secure or to comparable redress. If this provision applies to holders of short-term residential tenancies, tenants whose current position is particularly vulnerable because of past racial discrimination might be able to challenge current landlord-tenant legislation for being inadequate in view of the constitutional provision.


The present invention provides an organic electroluminescence element (organic EL element), the organic electroluminescent element to improve the luminous efficiency, fully secured of driving stability, and has a simple configuration. The organic EL device of the present invention is a light emitting layer between an anode and a cathode laminated on a substrate for organic electroluminescent element, the light emitting layer contains a phosphorescent dopant and asymmetric indole and carbazole compound as a host material . Asymmetric indole and carbazole compound having the following structure: having an indole and two or more structural groups connected by a linking group carbazole structure, with indole and at least one of a group of the carbazole structure with other groups different skeletal isomers groups. As asymmetric indole and carbazole compound, a compound represented by the following formula (2) is a, A is a substituted group, R1 ~ R3 is hydrogen or a substituent, L by a linking group consisting of an aromatic group.