The rusts of wheat, caused by three species of Puccinia, are very devastating diseases and are major biotic constraints in efforts to sustain wheat production worldwide. Their capacity to spread aerially over long distances, rapid production of infectious uredospores, and abilities to evolve new pathotypes, makes the management of wheat pathogens a very challenging task. The development and deployment of resistant wheat varieties has proven to be the most economic, effective and efficient means of managing rust diseases. Rust resistance used in wheat improvement has included sources from the primary gene pool as well as from species distantly related to wheat. The 1BL/1RS translocation from cereal rye was used widely in wheat breeding, and for some time provided resistance to the wheat leaf rust, stripe rust, and stem rust pathogens conferred by genes Lr26, Yr9, and Sr31, respectively. However, the emergence of virulence for all three genes, and stripe rust resistance gene Yr27, has posed major threats to the cultivation of wheat globally. To overcome this threat, efforts are going on worldwide to monitor rust diseases, identify rust pathotypes, and to evaluate wheat germplasm for rust resistance. Anticipatory breeding and the responsible deployment of rust resistant cultivars have proven to be effective strategies to manage wheat rusts. Efforts are still however being made to decipher the recurrence of wheat rusts, their epidemiologies, and new genomic approaches are being used to break the yield barriers and manage biotic stresses such as the rusts. Efficient monitoring of pathotypes of Puccinia species on wheat, identification of resistance sources, pre-emptive breeding, and strategic deployment of rust resistant wheat cultivars have been the key factors to effective management of wheat rusts in India. The success in containing wheat rusts in India can be gauged by the fact that we had no wheat rust epiphytotic for nearly last five decades. This publication provides a comprehensive overview of the wheat rust research conducted in India.


J. B. Whitehead: There is truth in what Prof. Karapetoff has to say about the products of research from Germany and England. I do not know that it is quite as definite as he would imply, but I have in mind the character and form of the publication of the results of research as given in the German and English periodicals; and the publications of the German and English engineering societies, I think are superior to those of our own. I would make a plea here for a more careful editing of the publications of our American research. Certainly a comparison, particularly of the German publications, with our own will, I think, indicate that there is truth in what I say, namely, that these publications are better prepared. The precautions that are taken in experimental work are better described, and more effort is made, and I suppose more careful editing accompanies the publication of the results of experiments abroad.


This article implies that cinematic narratives project practical geopolitical discourses by using the example of Marvel Cinematic Universe's success – The Avengers film franchise. The conceptualisation of imaginary threats in the films that follow the main storyline of the Avengers assembly, determined by the time and the geographic space, give those threats a symbolical manifestation that tends to overlap with the practical geopolitical notions of American foreign policy, as well as contemporary international politics. The interpretative textual analysis of the films' narratives and their relations to world politics, hence, presents the central methodology of this article. The relation between those two has a capacity to transmit a subconscious message to blockbusters' consumers about preferable practical geopolitical visions in contemporary world politics. Simply, the paper shows how cinematic narratives form an identity that is deeply securitised and able to capture the Zeitgeist of world's politics.


Polarized fluorescence spectra of gaseous NH2, produced in a flow cell and excited by a tunable cw dye laser, have been observed. The measured degree of polarization of fluorescence agrees qualitatively with the values predicted by a model which does not include fine or hyperfine effects. Transitions originating from collisionally populated levels have also been observed to be polarized. The Hanle effect has been measured in several rotational levels of the (0,10,0) Π vibronic state of the 2 A 1 electronic state and the present analysis of the data yields a value of ∼350 nsec for the radiative lifetime of these levels and indicates a decrease in the depolarization cross section with increasing rotational angular momentum.


The final concept, engineering design, and present status of the University of Maryland ERA Project is reviewed. A hollow cylindrical electron beam is produced by an injector which was designed by W. Lupton and coworkers of the Naval Research Laboratory in collaboration with members of the Maryland ERA group (design values: maximum energy 5 MeV, peak current 20 kA, pulse width 20 ns). The hollow beam is compressed into a short ring via transmission through a cusped static magnetic field configuration. The laboratory housing the facility was ready in June, 1972, construction of the injector was completed in September. Testing of the injector and assembly of the cusp and compressor coil system began in October. A first electron beam was obtained on February 22. The main results of injector, diode, and magnetic field measurements are presented. Some problems and solutions are discussed and the methods for gas loading and ring trapping are described.


The present invention relates to a multi-lever mechanism automotive paint and its application to the transport conveyor electrophoretic coating production line in which conveyor includes two walking mechanism and lifting functions translate reversing mechanism portion, wherein bogie complete traveling conveyor transport function, reversing the lifting mechanism is constituted by the translation of one or more planar multi-bar mechanism, by driving the plurality of planar bar linkage, to complete the lifting of the object being conveyed, and flip translational movement, since the present invention employs a conveyor plurality of sets of multi-plane lever mechanism, to increase the carrying capacity of the conveyor, so that it can be applied to different body sizes and delivery vehicles, increased flexibility of the conveyor; translational movements since the inverting mechanism can be realized in advance into the groove, the groove delayed, it is possible to reduce the electrophoresis slot length, saving the electrophoretic fluid is environmentally friendly automobile painting line conveyors.


In four-dimensional or higher-dimensional space, spin angular momentum is not known well. For instance, we are not sure how many components it has in four-dimensional space. In this paper, the spin properties are theoretically derived and investigated in general-dimensional space. Before studying spin, we review the orbital angular momentum properties first, because they are theoretically well known even in higher-dimensional space. Then, for the orbital angular momentum, we make a special but natural assumption, and see that it leads a quantity similar to spin or Pauli matrices. It is remarkable that all the spin properties are derived from the one and only one assumption. Consistency of our consideration is checked by calculating the four-dimensional version of spin spherical harmonics and its eigenvalues. This theory may enable us to understand the double degeneracy of spin-1/2 particles without bringing in something called spin.


The current energy market is undergoing a digital transformation. The deep integration of energy and technology is one of the core concepts of smart energy, and also the internationally recognized development focus. This paper analyzes the data of energy production and consumption in Yunnan Province. By calculating Pearson correlation coefficients between power consumption data and different indicators, it is found that the positive correlation between power consumption and the added value of the second industry is the largest. At the same time, through the analysis of the problems and challenges of energy industry in Yunnan Province, this paper demonstrates the significance of developing smart energy in Yunnan Province.


In his satire, Jonathan Swift identifies and redresses what twentieth-century critical theorists name the "repression of mimesis" attendant on the advent of modernity. Focusing on A Tale of a Tub, "A Modest Proposal," and Gulliver's Travels, this essay shows how Swift exploits the powers of mimesis in order to effect an antidote to the repression of mimesis those satires expose. Invoking Michael Taussig's analysis of mimesis and alterity, this essay explores how Swift's disenchantment of modernity's fiction of its own a-fictionality affirms the power of representation over human bodies, lives, and histories.


An initial evaluation, a process evaluation, and a final evaluation were carried out in the psychotherapeutic treatment of 14 drug-addicted patients at the Psychiatric Hospital of Havana to define how and from which indicators the expected changes resulting from therapy were reflected. The objective was to evaluate the therapeutic change after the application of the intervention program. A mixed exploratory-descriptive longitudinal approach was used, which took process-result research in psychotherapy as a reference. The Manual of Observation, Recording and Coding of Episodes of Change and Stagnation and psychometric evaluations of anxiety and depression were used. Patients experienced clinically significant change in state (64.3%) and trait (85.7%) depression and state (64.3%) and trait (64.3%) anxiety. 103 moments of change were identified, 72 intra-session and 31 extra-session. The remission of state anxiety was significantly correlated for 0.689** with the establishment of new relationships between aspects of the environment and biographical elements. Most of the patients showed a clinically significant change in anxiety and depression; in turn, all manifested moments of change that vary depending on the particularities of the individual and group process. A significant relationship was found between decreased state anxiety and moments of change.


From past many years to now-a-days we are seeing e-commerce and social networking sites have gradually blurred. Normally, while we are seeing products in social networking sites and we have to buy them, and then we have to transfer to ecommerce sites. That process is cross-site. But, by using our project we need not to transfer to other sites. We can buy the products in social networking sites itself. But while buying products in social networking sites, we have a problem that is "crosssite cold start product recommendation problem". That is without having historical purchase records. By using our project, we provide a user reviews. By those user reviews we can get new recommendations. In this project we are presenting a novel solution to cross-site and cold start problems. Cold-start means a user who does not have any historical purchase record.


It was shown that the anionic surfactant sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) possesses a high substantivity to human skin. Even short-term contact with human skin leads to a quantifiable and long lasting adsorption of the surfactant. This means that the short-term stress of taking a shower turns into long-term stress afterwards. This knowledge led to completely new starting points for the improvement of shower products. It was demonstrated that the addition of the mild co-surfactant sodium cocoyl glutamate (SCG) to standard shower formulations leads to a reduction of SLES adsorption. SCG itself does not adsorb onto the skin in relevant amounts. Reduction of adsorption correlates with an increased moisture content of the skin. Also, an improved sensory perception of the formulations was achieved by the addition of the SCG.


Based on Hopf bifurcation delay, we present two novel delay-induced bursting patterns in a modified van der Pol-Duffing circuit system. These delay-induced bursting patterns are classified as compound "delayed supHopf/fold cycle-subHopf/supHopf" bursting and "subHopf/supHopf" bursting via "delayed supHopf/supHopf" hysteresis loop, respectively. Our results show that Hopf bifurcation delay plays a decisive role in the generation of these two bursting patterns, which enriches the routes to bursting and deepens the understanding of underlying mechanisms of bursting.


The invention provides intelligent transparent concrete and a preparation method thereof. The transparent concrete is to realize the light transmission and perceptibility of concrete by arranging certain amount of large-diameter plastic optical fibers and optical fiber sensing probes (optical fiber gratings or optical fibers) in a common concrete structure based on good light transmission performance, ductility and flexibility of the large-diameter plastic optical fibers and good perception characteristic of the optical fiber sensing probes and so on. The novel concrete material can well transmit visible light and infrared light with different wavebands, greatly save common lighting loss, can also provide good strain perception performance, and can provide comprehensive and direction information for structural safety evaluation. The intelligent concrete is suitable for aesthetic (art) buildings, energy-saving buildings and special structures with higher requirement on the safety grade. The invention particularly provides a transparent concrete material with the characteristics of beauty, transparence, environmental protection, perception and so on.


Based on LabWindows/CVI,a method of temperature measure and modification circuit test system for a kind of airborne missile IMU is introduced,and the system structure,working principle,system software design and data processing are presented.Programming the static display control(GRAPH) according to the system requirements,the data changing curves with time are dynamic displayed.Utilizing DDE technology,communication to EXCEL is realized,thereby the measure result is directly output to EXCEL to get the formatted files.


The extended title for this splendid visual feast is a catalogue to accompany the exhibition Postcards from the Edge of the City at the Santos Museum ofE conomic Botany,
9 December 2014 to 26 April 2015. As a catalogue this book contains the from and back sides of 300 postcards published
between 1900 and 1917...


A low-frequency vibration energy generator has been proposed by using a locally resonant phononic crystal plate which has spiral beams connecting the scatterers and the matrix. Finite element analysis shows that at the flat bands frequencies of the phononic crystal, locally resonant leads to the spiral beams having strong deformations which are perpendicular to the plate. A designed structure with three PC cells arranged in the same direction was adopted for the experiments. Piezoelectric patches were adhered on the end of the spiral beams and then the collected vibration energy could be converted into electric energy. The maximum single-channel output voltage which reached as much as 13 V was obtained at the first flat band frequency 29.2 Hz in the experiment. Meanwhile, in the low-frequency range of 0–500 Hz, it showed that the piezoelectric transformation could be conducted at a dozen of resonant frequencies. Furthermore, through modulating the structure parameters, this phononic crystal has the potent...


As the most successful community of objective and value in the world, making Constitution for European Union is not only the result of development of European Integration, but also is the need for deepen and enlargement of European Integration. An analysis from the view of Constitution on the cause, basement of making Constitution for European Union can resolve the problems in the process of making Constitution for European Union in theory; meantime, it can make the idea of constitutionalism extend towards the entire world.


The time it takes a driver to get in and out of a vehicle, and how comfortably they can perform this task, are important considerations for vehicle design. Older drivers are keeping their licenses longer and driving more miles, making it more important than ever to study how vehicle design parameters interact with the sensorimotor changes due to aging and disease. 48 older subjects (27 males, 21 females) between the ages of 67 and 89 years were tested. Twenty-four were healthy, 12 had osteoarthritis and 12 had diabetic polyneuropathy. Subjects completed both physical capacity tests and motion capture testing of ingress/egress in seven different vehicles represented by the Human Occupant Package Simulator. A control group of 48 younger drivers also completed ingress/egress testing. Motions, captured using Vicon cameras, were used to calculate the main outcome variables of Ingress Time and Egress Time. The third main outcome, Perceived Discomfort, was measured by asking the subjects to rate each ingress/egress motion. Inverse Egress Time and Discomfort were significantly correlated, with a correlation coefficient of -0.45. Longer times were associated with greater discomfort. Linear mixed-effect modeling showed that vehicle design factors that significantly influenced the discomfort or the duration of ingress/egress were the height of the vehicle seat with respect to the ground, as well as the location of the seat with respect to the sill and the roof rail. In conclusion, Perceived Discomfort and Ingress/Egress Time provide guidance on how vehicle design can improve the driving experience for elderly drivers.


We review various possibilities for realizing a y-ray laser. We conclude that, similar to the free-electron laser, it is practical to generate the y-ray laser by the stimulated emission of radiation from wiggling positrons channelled in a periodically bent crystal. It is the time to research this possibility both theoretically and experimentally with big efforts. Keyword: y-ray laser. 1 Laser and y -ray laser A huge number of photons concentrating in a single photon state may form a monochromatic polarized strong coherent light beam with a well-defined direction of propagation. This is a laser, a Bose condensation of photons. Laser has a well-defined phase at every space-time point, so it can be used in precise space-time determination. The space resolution is about a wavelength, and the time resolution is about a period. A good coherent light beam may resolve the space within a wavelength or the time within a period. The actual resolution depends on how certain the phase is. For the visible light, the wavelength is of the order of 10flm, and the period is of the order of 10s. They are the least attainable precision of the space-time measurements respectively with a visible laser. Denote the photon number condensed in a single photon state by N, it is uncertain in general, with an uncertainty MY. Denote the phase of the laser formed by these photons by ¢, it is also uncertain in general, with an uncertainty /),¢. From uncertainty relation between particle number and phase[l]


Suppose now that a new army of frontier farmers – as many as could occupy another belt of 50 miles, in width, from Manitoba to Texas, could, acting in concert, turn over the prairie sod, and after deep plowing and receiving the rain and moisture, present a new surface of green, growing crops instead of dry, hard baked earth covered with sparse buffalo grass. No one can question or doubt the inevitable effect of this cool condensing surface upon the moisture in the atmosphere as it moves over by the Western winds. A reduction of temperature must at once occur, accompanied by the usual phenomena of showers. The chief agency in this transformation is agriculture. To be more concise. Rain follows the plow . (Wilber 1881 : 68)


In the article, the Generalized Current Follower Transconductance Amplifier (GCFTA) element for generalized frequency filter design and a novel active element, the Programmable Current Amplifier (PCA) for the realization of the current-mode analog blocks, are presented. The paper is also presenting a method of general frequency filter design, whereas the basic circuit is a general autonomous circuit using GCFTA, PCA elements and general admittances. The properties of the proposed filter were verified using PSPICE simulations. OR design of frequency filters a number of methods can be used. The adjoint transformation (1), method of higher-order synthetic elements (2), transformation using a passive prototypes (3) or design using M-C (Mason- Coates) signal-flow graph method (4) can be introduced as examples. In our workplace, the method of generalized frequency filter design, when the initial circuit is a general autonomous circuit, was developed (5), (6). The same procedure was used in the presented case of GCFTA and PCA elements. The goal of this work is: • definition of the Generalized Current Follower Transconductance Amplifier (GCFTA) element for general frequency filter design working in current mode, • presentation of a novel second-order multifunction frequency filter structure using active elements CFTA+/-, PCA and passive elements, whereas independent control of characteristic or cut-off frequency ω0 and the quality factor Q of other parameters of the frequency filter is enabled,


Abstract Investigating the linguistic repertoire of a classroom learner of English, this paper builds on an explorative methodology of tracing L2 development. The paper draws on longitudinal interactional classroom data, and the methodology is inspired by the traceback procedure from child language research (e.g., Lieven et al. 2009; Vogt and Lieven 2010). These studies showed, by way of tracing children's actual utterances backwards in development, that the children's emerging repertoires consisted of formulas and utterance schemas, and that only a few basic syntactic operations accounted for early syntactic creativity. Applying this traceback procedure to my L2 data reveals that L2 learning is also rooted in recycled formulas and utterance schemas, and that the syntactic operations identified by Lieven and colleagues, especially substitution of semantically similar items in open slots, also apply to adult L2 learning. Recycled formulas and novel utterances based on utterance schemas and brought about by substitution account for more than 85% of my focal student's production – a result which mirrors the findings for L1 in the work of Lieven and colleagues.


Graphs are the ubiquitous models for constructing both natural and human-made structures. Many practical problems can be represented by graphs. They can be used to model many applications such as physical, biological and social systems. With the emergence of these applications, developments of graph databases are very useful to store graph data. Due to the existence of noise (e.g., duplicated graphs) in the graph database, we investigate the problem of storing the same graphs in the single graph database. Therefore, detecting and eliminating of automorphic graphs in a graph database become an important research area. In this paper, we propose a novel DAGC algorithm to identify and removal of automorphic graph storing into the graph database using AdE index structure. AdE index structure incorporates graph structural information of each graph in the database. The computational time complexity is significantly reduced compared to canonical labeling approach used in most graph matching algorithms and F-GAF algorithm. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method through experiments on various types of graphs.


During the performance optimization of the PID controller,the controlled objects are of the characteristics such as,high order,non-linear and so on.In the industrial production process,the overshoot and oscillation problems often appear in traditional method of PID parameter tuning,and the system response is poor.In order to improve the performance of the system,this paper put forward a particle swarm algorithm based on improved intelligent optimization strategy.Then,we considered the PID controller parameters as the particle group of particles,and the time-integrated error as the optimization objective function.So we carried out the parallel optimization of the PID controller parameters,used the MATLAB simulation software combined with the Simulink powerful function,and done the simulation research in two kinds of systems.Comparing with the traditional installation method—Z-N method,the result indicates that,the PID parameters setting method based on the particle swarm is easy to use.We can realize the optimization based on the optimal goal setting.And the result provides the basis for the optimization of the PID controller.


This paper investigates and compares the flow over a typical scaled down model of Kline-Fogleman airfoil with a baseline airfoil model at different angles of attack in low subsonic speed. The intent of this study is to evaluate flight performance of one model of the NACA 23015 airfoil and one Kline-Fogleman variant of the NACA 23015. The airfoil models are fabricated with a chord length of 165mm and with a span of 300mm. Aerodynamic characteristics are studied at a free stream velocity of 25m/s in subsonic (blow down type) wind tunnel with the test-section size of 600 x 600 x 2000mm. It is an open cycle, intermittent suction type Wind Tunnel and makes use of the compressed air provided by a compressor. It has a maximum speed of 50m/sec and a compression ratio of 9:1.The settling chamber of the tunnel is of dimensions 1.8 x 1.8m. Measurements of static pressure revealed the quality of flow field experienced over the models. The values of lift & drag coefficients for the airfoil in consideration with NACA 23015 shows stall characteristics at an angle of about α = 15. The Kline-Fogleman airfoil resists stall even at an angle of α=45. In fact it doesn't stall completely but levels of with a very minute L/D ratio. This leveling off is observed for a range from α=45 to α=60. The Kline-Fogleman airfoil not only resists stalling for very high angles but also prevents the free fall usually observed at critical angle by leveling off. The KF airfoils and derivative 'stepped' airfoils have gained an enthusiastic following in the world of foam constructed radio controlled model aircraft. This study pushes the utility of KF airfoil further more by applying its typical step over the NACA 23015 airfoil.


The purpose of this research is to analyze the difficulties and conveniences of three different digital elevation models constructed from official digital cartography, common ground-based surveys (topobathymetry) and drones and to make a relative comparison of the results of river flood areas in Popayán, located in Southwestern Colombia. Different flow rates were examined to assess the consistency of the results. In general, the superimposition of the modeling results of flooding obtained from the two first models, illustrates the critical places where broader flood areas are generated, reveals large discrepancies in the width of the flood, flow depths, and velocity, and it indicates how differences become less noticeable as channels increase in size. This first analysis allowed choosing the reach of the river where most flooding problems were detected in order to take images using drones. The results, among other findings, show that the use of drones is promising to replace conventional land surveys only in the case of riverbanks clear of vegetation, but with a substantial reduction in costs and risks. The drone serves to speed up field work, although, it is always expedient to also use conventional ground-based survey to characterize the river banks in areas where there is vegetation in order to obtain more accurate river profiles and cross sections. Unless we have excellent data, digital mapping can be used in preliminary studies as an approximation of the flooding areas while reducing the cost of the studies when compared to the conventional land surveys.


Ni 2.17 Mn 0.83 Ga transforms between a cubic structure and a coexistent state of an orthorhombic and a monoclinic structure. The electronic structures of Ni 2.17 Mn 0.83 Ga and Ni 2 MnGa were calculated for thin films to investigate the influence of excess nickel and the effect of the surface on the phase stability. The total energy and band energy were also calculated to examine the role of the each constituent atoms in the structural stability. It is theoretically predicted that the Ni 2.17 Mn 0.83 Ga film preserve the shape memory property like the bulk states and that the excess nickel atoms contribute largely to the stability of the monoclinic structure.


ABSTRACT. The incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in infants born to opiate dependent mothers was compared to infants whose mothers denied the use of addicting substances. The two groups were comparable in birth weight, gestational age, 1 and 5 min Apgar scores, and sex distribution. The incidence of breech presentations, PROM, and type of anesthesia at delivery were similar. However, more infants in the control group were delivered by cesarean section. The incidence of IVH was 52% in the controls and 23% in the opiate infants (p<0.05). Neonatal risk factors such as use of ventilators, incidence of pneumothorax, administration of pressor and sedative drugs, acidosis, use of alkali therapy and volume expanders, fluid therapy in the first three days and transfers to other hospitals were the same.


Density and ultrasonic velocity measurements were made on a series o f dilute aqueous solutions o f n'C12H250(CH~CH20)nH (n = 6, 7, and 8) at 5, 25, and 45~ The partial molal volumes (V) and adiabatic compressibilities (Y-~) o f the solutes were independent o f the concentration in the micellar solutions. This finding suggests that the mode of aggregation does not change over the concentration range studied. Larger V and K were found for the CH2CH20 groups in micelles than in water, and the micellar core was shown to be liquidlike. The V and K o f the monomeric surfactants could not directly be measured because of the very low c.m.c.' s. The infinite dilution values (V~ and K~ were, however, estimated from the V~ and K~ for the constituent groups on the basis o f additivity. Thus, sharp increases were found in both V and on micellization, which was interpreted in terms o f dehydration effects.


Over the past decade, three emerging wireless standards in UWB, WiMax, and 60GHz dominated the wireless research activities. However, it remains unclear if any of them will become commercial successes. The reasons for these remain varied — from too early in the market to technical viability vs. commercial success etc.


The real time simulation and modelling for excitation control system has been studied by RIDS,so that simulated model for excitation control system on the generator in Yan tan Hydroelectric Power Station was built and tested simulately on the RIDS. Lastly the model and actual parameters were obtained afler comparing the simulated waveform with that recorded from the field test.


This paper introduces the verification theory of separation logic, characteristics of separation logic, and some successful applications of separation logic. Researches on separation logic to support program verification are analyzed, including the properties of separation logic, its relation to other logics, its support to programming languages and design patterns, and the theorem provers' support to separation logic. The problems encountered when separation logic is applied more widely are pointed out, and the future research directions are discussed.


ABSTRACT GAR-936, a new glycylcycline, had lower MICs (≤0.016 to 0.125 μg/ml) for 201 penicillin- and tetracycline-susceptible and -resistant pneumococcal strains than tetracycline (≤0.06 to 128 μg/ml), minocycline (≤0.06 to 16.0 μg/ml), or doxycycline (≤0.06 to 32.0 μg/ml). GAR-936 was also bactericidal against 11 of 12 strains tested at the MIC after 24 h, with significant kill rates at earlier time points.


Abstract. The metabolic power (Er) required to cover any given distance d in the time tp is the product of the energy cost of running per unit of distance (Cr) and the speed (v=d/tp): Er = Cr d/tp. The shortest time (fastest speed) over that distance is achieved when Er is equal to the maximal metabolic power of the subject (Ermax). Between 50 s and 15 min, Ermax decreases with increasing exercise duration (te): Ermax = f(te), the function being defined by the maximal oxygen consumption (V02max) and the energy derived from complete exploitation of anaerobic stores (RAn). Hence, best performance times for any given distance and runner can be obtained as the time values for which Ermax = Er, provided that Cr, V02max and RAn are known. Cr during track running was determined on 16 amateur and 24 elite middle distance runners on whom V02max was also measured and RAn assumed from published data. For both groups and for distances between 1.0 and 5.0 km, best performance times were slightly shorter (4,1 and 1.6% on average), but not significantly different, than actual best times. It is concluded that the above approach is a coherent and useful description of the energetics of middle distance running.


Among the specimens collected from mountainous region in the Hebei Province during the last few years, there have been three new species of Muscidae, each belonging to the genera Helina R. -D. and Phaonia R. -D. respectively. The types are kept in the Department of Biology, Shenyang Normal College.1. Helina nigriannosa Xue ct Zhao, sp. nov. (figs, 1 4) Locality: Benxi, Liaoning; Mt. Xiaowntai Shao, Hebei, China.Male: This species somewhat resembles Helina utinosa (Zett., 1838), bur differs from the latter in the frons being rathet broad; prealar bristle rather long, lateral margin and ventral surface of scutellum bare; legs black, hind femur with 10 to 14 long anterovcntral bristles on the apical three fifths, hind tibia without setae on the postuoveniral suface.2. Helina nigriquadrum Xue et Zhao, sp. nov. (figs. 5-7) Type-locality: Mt. Xiaowutai-Shan (2400 m), Hebei, China.This new species is closely related to the Helina quad rum (Fab., 1805), but differs from the latter in the arista long plumose, the longest hairs on arista about 1.5 times width of third antennal segment; prealar bristle shorter than a half length of the posterior notopleural; tibiae dark black; free part anal cerci rather broad apically.3. Phaonia subnigrisquama Xue et Li, sp. nov. (figs. 8-11) Type-locality: Fuping, Hebei, China.Male: Resembling Phaonia nigrhquaina Stein, 1908, but the frons very narrow, narrowest part narrower than the width of front ocellus; pnrafacialia about as wide as antenna, anterior margin of antenna normal, arista long plumose, hairs on the arista about 1.5 times width of third antennal segment: acrostichal bristles 0 + 1, prealar bristle short, beret with setulae; knob of halter orange, stem brown; tibiat orange.


Natural language is one of the more appealing ways by which people can interact with computers, but up to now its application has been severely constrained. We argue that to use natural language effectively, we must have both a deep understanding of the subject domain and a general-purpose reasoning capability. We illustrate the issues with SAP-QUEST, a proof-of-concept system for natural language question answering over a set of data sources for business enterprise applications, but the argument can be applied more generally to dialogue-style interfaces over a variety of subject domains.


: The Xi'ao Cu-Sn polymetallic deposit is located in the inner alteration zone of the Laoka granite. The ore bodies extend to 400 m in the granite rock and primarily occur with fluorite and potassic alterations. Two cassiterite samples of altered rock-type ore and one tourmaline vein-type ore in the Xi'ao Cu-Sn polymetallic deposit yielded U-Pb ages of 83.3 ± 2.1 Ma, 84.9 ± 1.7 Ma, and 84.0 ± 5.6 Ma, respectively. The Raman spectrum peak values of A1g were shifted to a lower frequency, possibly due to the substitution of Sn with Nb, Ta, Fe, and Mn. Measured δ18O values of cassiterite samples and calculated δ18OH2O values for the ore-forming fluid indicate that the latter was mostly derived from magma. The high Fe and Mn abundances for cassiterite are consistent with those of hydrothermal origin. The Nb, Ta, and Ti contents indicate that cassiterites in the Xi'ao deposit likely formed in a metallogenic environment that was largely affected by granitic magmatism. Therefore, we conclude that the Xi'ao deposit is a magmatic hydrothermal deposit.


The article analyzes the nature of the modern national processes in the North Caucasus, urgent problems of development of culture of interethnic communication of the peoples of the Stavropol region and the North Caucasus as a necessary condition of forming and developing the all-Russian civil consolidation.


According to the Korean commercial act, the capital regime of corporations are strictly maintained for protecting creditors. However, the problems lies in that such capital regime cannot perform its role of protecting creditors due to the notification system and various receivables collateral system in modern society. Besides, capital and reserve is just a numeric amount in calculation which is not an actual accumulation of company property equivalent to it, and since it is becoming a standard of item for deduction of allotted financial sources, it is showing its limitation in playing the role of an allotment regulation. In the midst of this, the real state of affairs is that countries like the US, Japan, EU, and Germany has eased or is showing the movement to ease the currently strict capital regime of corporations of the corporation law in the aspect of rationalization of the system, flexibility of corporate finance management, and efficient management rather than protecting creditors. In recent times, even Korean academic circles have constantly pointed out problems regarding this matter, and there were active discussions regarding this as a subcommittee for amendment of commercial act was organized in 2005 under the supervision of the government(Ministry of Justice). Finally, it came to a point where a partial amendment bill for the commercial act was sent up to the legislation & judiciary committee of the National Assembly on October 22, 2008(bill no. 1801566). This bill is currently presented to the 1st subcommittee of the 2nd bill review of the committee after going through explanation of the proposal and reporting of reviews. Although this bill significantly eases the capital regime of corporations in the aspect of flexibility of corporate financial management and efficient management, when seeing that the capital regime still exists for the protection of creditors, I think there is a need for a separate device for protecting creditors following the easing of the capital regime. Even in Japan, although they have significantly eased the capital regime on their company law, they are complementing their capital regime as they continue to verify the effects and problems due to the easing. Therefore, this point is worth referring to. In the main text, I have broadly divided up the capital regime of corporations of the commercial act into capital & reserve system, stock system, and distribution system, and discussed ways to improve them, and presented assignments to be reviewed.


Next-generation networks demand efficient hardware solutions for wireless communication channels with carrier frequencies beyond 100 GHz. In particular, beamforming in reflected light is suggested to reduce signal attenuation due to blockages and to enhance overall quality of a wireless connection. This task can be solved with the aid of a network of intelligent reflecting surfaces placed in optical path between transmitter and receiver. In this work, we propose design of such a surface operated at 140 GHz which is fully compatible with clean room fabrication processes.


The monitoring of must fermentation in a bioreactor, in which the main physico-chemical parameters are tightly controlled, can provide useful analytical information transferable to winemaking on a larger scale. In this experiment, we followed the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during the bioreactor-assisted alcoholic fermentation of a Chasselas must by means of flow cytometry. We used fluorescent dyes and volumetric counting to monitor cell viability and concentration for two weeks. Our study suggests that the use of flow cytometry during bioreactor-assisted alcoholic fermentation provides various types of information—viz., cell viability, number and function—in a timely manner, and that the process can therefore be used effectively to inform experimentation at this scale.


Calculation methods for the evaluation of the parameters g, D and E for an S = 1 system, from paramagnetic resonance powder spectra are discussed and applied to a number of compounds having the general formula Ni(ligand)6(anion)2; in this formula the ligands are nitrogen donors such as nitriles, pyrazoles and imidazoles, with large anions like ClO−4, BF−4, SbCl−6, InBr−4 and GaCl−4.

A treatment similar to that of organic triplet molecules can be used for the interpretation, despite the fact that the observed bands are rather broad.

In the present compounds the g-values were found to be isotropic within experimental error in the region 2.17-2.20; the D-values varied from 0.05-0.90 cm−1 in the several compounds. The rhombic distortion (usually expressed as λ = E/D) was found to be small for most compounds, although λ-values of 0.10, 0.16 and 0.33 were also found.


Vaccine cold chain is a procedure that is used to keep vaccines at a certain temperature. The aim was to describe the vaccine cold chain management of basic immunization program. The research was a descriptive observasional in 37 Semarang City health cares. Data were collected by conducting interview and observation to vaccine coordinator s in each health cares in Maret – December 2018. The result showed officers used genset in emergency situation (75.5%), vaccines keeped in temperature +2˚C - +8˚C (67.5%), officers took sample per doos to check VVM (83.8%), used vaccine with VVM A first then B (83.8%), did not use vaccine with VVM C or D (86.5%), used vaccine by FIFO principle (89.2%) used vaccine by EEFO principle (97.3%), used vaccine after immunization (94.6%), arra n ge d vaccine by expired date (94.6%) and by type of vaccine (64.9%), maintained refrigerator with defrosting (40.5%), monitored temperature in off day (2.7%), record temperature twice a day (73.0%), did not meet another thing in refrigerator (97.3%), spaced refrigerator 15 cm from the wall (24.3%), and made cool pack in another refrigerator (73.0%). The conclusion was no vaccine immunization program management in Semarang that managed according to Ministry of Health Regulations number 12/2017 on the Implementation of immunization. Officer recommended to defrosting refrigerator regularly and space the refrigerator to wall.


Rio Grande Rise is a large aseismic ridge in the southwest Atlantic Ocean. Though the nature of its basement only can be inferred from geophysical evidence, shallow-water sediments recovered from various locations along its flanks show that it was a large island towering 2 km above sea level during Santonian-Campanian times (75 to 85 m.y. ago) and that it slowly submerged since that time. Lithic fragments of basaltic material present with shallow-water sediments suggest that this "island" has a volcanic base of Santonian/pre-Santonian age. From the locations of shallow-water sediment components, subsidence rates of former shorelines were reconstructed. Application of the sedimentation rates from DSDP drill sites allowed estimation of the subsidence of the volcanic basemen and backtracking of the paleodepth of deposition of the pelagic-sediment facies recovered from the flanks of the rise. These facies can be correlated to similar sediments on the adjacent Brazilian continental margin (Sao Paulo Plateau) and on the southwest African continental margin.


This paper presents a novel laser encoder for sub-nanometer displacement measurement. It is based on optical heterodyne interferometry and two sets of conjugate optics with a symmetric and quasi-common-path optical configuration. It offers displacement measurements of high stability, high resolution. The theoretical analysis shows that our method can effectively compensate misalignments resulting from the dynamic runout in laser encoders. Experimental results reveal that the laser encoder can detect a displacement variation down to sub-nanometer range.


PURPOSE: A pigmental adhesive is provided to prevent mixing of colors thereby having a superior pigment dispersibility and workability, and blocking infrared rays effectively. CONSTITUTION: A pigmental adhesive comprises a 1-30wt% pigment dispersant, and a 7-99wt% adhesive comparison to the total pigmental adhesive. The pigment dispersant comprises a 1-10wt% carbon black, a 5-20wt% acryl dispersant, and a 65-85wt% organic solvent comparison to total pigment dispersant.


Esthetics includes the appreciation and response to the beautiful in art and nature. The dentist must visual- ize esthetics in relation to the patient and then translate that visualization into an acceptable esthetic result. The success of his efforts depends upon his artistic ability, his powers of observation and his experience. Herein this article we are discussing various techniques which have been used in selection of anterior teeth for edentulous patients.


In recent LHCD experiments in JET, a large effort has been placed on improving the coupling of Lower Hybrid waves in Optimised Shear plasmas, i.e. in conditions with internal transport barriers (ITB) or H-modes. Good coupling conditions have been obtained by using gas injection of CD4 near the LHCD launcher. This has resulted in a reflection coefficient as low as 5% during the ITB phase, at a plasma-launcher distance of 6 cm. Results from the coupling experiments have been compared with the SWAN coupling code, which has recently been extended to take into account the poloidal cut of the launcher mouth. The launcher mouth is composed of twelve rows of waveguides, all with different electrical lengths. By introducing the scattering matrices for all rows and calculating the resulting power splitting in the multijunctions, a more realistic model for the coupling has been obtained.


Community is built on shared values and common goals, but also in opposition to different understandings of the same issues and how they might best be addressed. The Protestant Reformation effectively reconfigured the notion of community, establishing new solidarities as well as new boundaries and points of contention. Minority status is crucial; how groups are treated by the authorities and by their neighbors, and how successfully they are integrated within the dominant community, can tell us a great deal about social relations. Barbara Diefendorf's scholarship has helped enormously to shape our understanding of the relationship between communities and religious identity in early modern France, in Paris in particular. While an apt and worthy tribute to Diefendorf's influence, this forum engages more with the themes of her work than directly with her scholarship. In their exploration of the impact of confessional conflict in a variety of settings, and using a variety of sources, the essays present new research which allows us to think about the definition of community and its transmutability and state of flux according to both local context and to changing circumstances. This forum also demonstrates that community involves "a process of constant negotiation" in which unity is often transient and hard won. Above all, communities are not fixed, static entities; they are fluid and adaptable to change even when they do not appear receptive to it.


The recently developed tearing modulus stability concept was successfully applied to several boiling water reactor (BWR) and pressurized water reactor (PWR) piping systems. Circumferentially oriented through-the-thickness cracks were postulated at numerous locations in each system. For each location, the simplified tearing stability methods developed in USNRC Report NUREG/CR-0838 were used to determine crack stability. The J-T diagram was used to present the results of the computations. The piping systems considered included Type 304 stainless steel as well as A106 carbon steel materials. These systems were analyzed using the piping analysis computer code MINK.


Spectral and polarization characteristics as well as the decay kinetics of the CsBr : In luminescence are investigated in the temperature range from 1.75 to 300 K. Four emission bands (at 2.44, 2.75, 3.27 and 3.32 eV) are observed at low temperatures and interpreted correspondingly as AT, Ax, B, and C emission of In+ centres. The symmetry of the Jahn-Teller minima of the triplet relaxed excited state (RES) responsible for the Ax and the B emission is established to be trigonal and rhombic, respectively. The AT and the C emission is caused by the radiative decay of the tetragonal Jahn-Teller minima of the triplet (A) and the singlet (C) excited state. Two slow components are found in the decay kinetics of both, the AT and the Ax emission at T ⪅ 3 K. It points to the splitting of the metastable level both, in the tetragonal (T) minima and in the trigonal (X) minima of the triplet RES. It is shown that the effects observed are caused by an off-centre displacement of the In+ ion in the triplet RES from a crystal lattice site. For excited ns2 ions in CsCl-type hosts these effects are not observed before. This is the first observation of the off-centre effects in the trigonal minima of the triplet RES of ns2 ions.

[Russian Text Ignored.]


Federal compliance reporting has become a highly specialized (almost unique) area of auditing practice. Even practitioners with substantial experience in auditing non-governmental organizations do not understand the reasons for the number of federal compliance reports generally included in a governmental audit. Explaining the federal compliance reports to a city council or members of the governing board of a local government or non-profit organization can be an extremely difficult job for the auditor. Generally, non-accountant readers of the federal compliance reports are usually completely mystified by the impressive (but to them almost incomprehensible) attempts by the auditors to communicate the results of their work on federal compliance. Federal program managers (who are usually not accountants) have expressed dissatisfaction with the federal compliance reports coming out of the single audits of state and local governments. Audits under the Single Audit Act of 1984 frequently require four compliance reports for state and local governments. The same compliance reports are required for federal compliance audits of colleges, universities and other non-profit organizations by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-133, Audits of Institutions of Higher Education and other nonprofit institutions. One of the required reports is a combined "opinion report" covering all of an organization's major federal programs. Three of the reports are limited assurance, "positive assurance/negative assurance" reports. These reports are: REPORT EXPRESSING AN OPINION ON FEDERAL COMPLIANCE: 1. An "opinion" on compliance with specific requirements applicable to all of the organization 's major federal programs. LIMITED ASSURANCE REPORTS: 2. A "positive assurance/negative assurance' report on compliance with laws and regulations that could have a direct effect on the financial statements. 3. A "positive assurance/negative assurance" report on compliance with general requirements applicable to the entity's federal programs. 4. A positive assurance/negative assurance" report on compliance with the requirements applicable to non major program transactions tested as part of the general audit work or tested in connection with the review and evaluation of the internal control structure applicable to non-major federal programs. Reports No. 1, 3 and 4 are required by Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 68 to comply with the Single Audit Act and OMB Circular A-133. Report No. 2 is required by Government Auditing Standards. Under the examples provided in SAS No. 68, the limited assurance (relatively unimportant) reports are each a separate report while all of the (relatively important) opinions on compliance for each major program are combined in one report. The general impression communicated by this array of compliance reporting is contrary to what auditors should be communicating. It appears that the "limited assurance" reports are three times more important than all of the compliance opinions on the major programs. By sheer bulk alone, the limited assurance reports appear to a lay reader to be more important than the really meaningful compliance reports, the opinions on the specific requirement applicable to the major federal programs. We think that a shift in emphasis is needed. Our proposal is to un-combine the major program "opinion" report and to combine the three "limited assurance' reports into one report. The combining of the opinion reports on the major programs may hinder the clear communication of the auditor's work. The auditor is rendering an opinion on compliance with specific requirements for each major program, however, these specific requirements are combined into one report. The examples of such reporting in SAS No. 68 (and such reports in general practice) do not identify which specific requirements are applicable to which major program. …


Background: Anxiety disorder, also known as anxiety neurosis, is the most common kind of neurosis, which is mainly characterized by anxiety emotional experience. It can be divided into two forms: chronic anxiety, namely generalized anxiety, and acute anxiety, namely panic attack. The main manifestations are: nervous worry without clear objective objects, restlessness, and autonomic nerve dysfunction symptoms, such as palpitation, hand shaking, sweating, frequent urination, and motor restlessness. Pay attention to distinguish normal anxiety. If the severity of anxiety is obviously inconsistent with objective facts or situations, or the duration is too long, it may be pathological anxiety. Anxiety disorder is a disease with better therapeutic effect and better prognosis in neurosis. Psychotherapy and medication are usually used. Of course, adjuvant therapy is also essential. Music therapy is a new frontier discipline integrating music, medicine and psychology. It takes music activities as a treatment medium to improve individual physical and mental health. of popularization and pertinence. Background: The most important and basic carrier in college students' Ideological and political education is the traditional ideological and political theory teaching. Since entering the 21st century, facing the complex political and ideological development situation at home and abroad, more and more colleges and universities have realized that they can no longer only rely on the traditional ideological and political theory course as a single communication channel for students' ideological and political education, We must actively broaden and innovate the teaching carrier of students' ideological and political education and enrich the ways for students to receive ideological and political education. On a deeper level, the concept of Ideological and political education in college curriculum can effectively promote the healthy development of students' psychological quality. Colleges and universities not only need to adopt the new educational concept of curriculum ideological and political education to innovate the traditional ideological and political education, but also constantly broaden the vision of Ideological and political educators from the perspective of modernization, the world and the future, and break through various limitations in the traditional ideological and political education in colleges and universities with innovative spirit. In order to effectively open up today's new situation of college curriculum thought and politics. As an innovative educational model, curriculum ideological and political education is an important


As a new long-distance teaching pattern, Internet multimedia-teaching based on multi-agent cooperation has a wide application prospect. It inherits the advantages of traditional teaching and provides some new ideas. This paper constructs such a system model using mental state logics and utility theory,analyses the student agent's assistance and supervision for the study process from the view of cooperation. It also fractionizes and intensifies the teacher agent's function and introduces mobile agent for the improvement of communication mechanism.


The inclusion of media technology in theatrical plays (Saltz, 2013) follows a contingent fascination and entanglement between human actors, technology and automata (Reilly, 2011) on stage. The contemporary play Spillikin – A Love Story places a new digital 'actor' in this debate: the humanoid robot as a socially interactive agent (Breazeal, 2002; Fong, Nourbakhsh, & Dautenhahn, 2003) and caring companion. This paper discusses the exhibition of sociability through the robot's humanlike gestures and its ability to decipher human gestures on stage. The aim is to point to the ethical consequences for the audience concerning the robot's implied autonomy to interact socially.


The present invention relates to a method for producing the film and, for the heat resistance thereof, and hence the electrode terminal by the electrode terminal structure. And according to the invention heat-resistant electrode terminal film and thus the electrode terminal structure by for is in the pouch and is interposed between the electrode terminals, a film for high heat-resistant electrode terminal including a polymer layer as the central substrate to seal them, wherein the polymer layer is an ethylene-norbornene copolymer, polymethylene pentene, polycarboxylic terephthalate and polyphenylene sulfide and at least one 5 selected from the group consisting of to, characterized in that the highly heat-resistant polypropylene mixed in a weight ratio of 1: 5 to 9 , it is possible to simultaneously secure the opposing properties of this heat adhesion and high-temperature dimensional stability of the film for the electrode terminals of a conventional secondary battery, and to multiply the in jeonhaeseong improve the durability of the secondary battery.


Real-time object tracking is recently becoming more and more important in the field of video analysis and processing. Applications like traffic control, user?computer interaction, on-line video processing and production and video surveillance need reliable and economically affordable video tracking tools. It seems, however, that most of the available solutions are computationally intensive and sometimes require expensive video hardware, quite often without guaranteeing a suitable level of reliability. In this paper, we present a new approach to real-time object tracking from colour video sequences. It relies on contours in order to track the shape, position and orientation of objects, without exploiting snakes or "traditional" active contours. A closed-loop control approach is adopted to enforce motion tracking stability, while a separate shape model is maintained, featuring a two-stage model and a median filtering technique to cope with temporary occlusions and noise. The system was tested in several different environments with different constraints, and gave very encouraging performance. Experimental results are reported and commented on.


Mineral Resources Section personnel from the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys (DGGS) carried out a geologic field mapping survey in the eastern part of the Bonnifield mining district in the Fairbanks A-1 and A-2 and the Healy D-1 and D-2 quadrangles. The map area contains several significant polymetallic sulfide prospects and transects three metamorphic assemblages, which include the Healy Schist, Keevy Peak Formation, and the Totatlanika Schist. The fieldwork (June 16 through July 18, 2008) augments publically available information critical to building an understanding of Alaska's geology and is part of an integrated program of airborne geophysical surveys followed by geologic mapping. This raw data release provides petrographic thin section observations of 264 samples from the East Bonnifield Project rock collection. Project staff examined thin sections to better distinguish rock units, assist with evaluating the structural and stratigraphic relationships among the various lithologies, and to determine suitability for lithogeochemical and geochronological analysis. Observations in the data tables include lithologic classification, texture, mineral crystal structure, and mineral components. Users can access the complete report and digital data from the DGGS website: http://doi.org/10.14509/30171.


The present invention discloses a method of controlling operation of the reservoir of fire, by the control system the solenoid valve controlling the liquid inlet pipe, a solenoid valve vent tube, the working liquid line solenoid valve. The present invention is easy to control, good safety properties; in particular, can be effectively isolated from the outside air and flammable liquid when stored at the time of fire danger.


During its March 1997 annual meeting the International Documentation and Communication Centre (IDOC) repeatedly raised the issue of the right to communicate. The documentation section of the IDOC is cooperating with a network of nongovernmental organizations to create a computer database on such issues as cultural and religious identity inter-ethnic and interreligious dialogue the role of civil society in fundamentalist regimes information and communication highways and issues relating to democracy justice truth participation and transparency. Monitoring activities during the next 3 years will focus on "human minority and environmental rights in Africa." The IDOC publishes a quarterly journal that documents human rights issues and highlights new initiatives to overcome poverty in Africa. IDOC also provides training and runs a month-long documentation training course that emphasizes techniques for making the best possible use of information and organizing it in an easily retrievable way. In the future the IDOC will continue to aid efforts to document and disseminate information and will focus on human rights and democracy develop a womens communication network in Africa and promote development education and discussion of immigration issues.


This thesis discusses the characteristics of debt in musyarakah contract.
Musharaka financing is a joint venture capital between a bank and its customers
that can not be discharged from the usual financing paradigm. Therefore, the
provisions on working capital financing in general are also applied in the
implementation of musyarakah financing. The financing provided by the Bank to
its customers always creates so-called financing risks, as well as musyarakah
financing. As with any agreement in general, the musyarakah contract is the will
of the parties to engage in fellowship in it, listing the achievements that must be
fulfilled by the parties. This achievement which then can incur liability, if there
are parties in the contract that does not carry out the obligations or achievements
that have been agreed in the contract that resulted in losses on the other party. The
risk referred to in musyarakah financing is the failure of the customer in returning
the portion of the bank's equity participation and / or the agreed profit sharing
payment in the beginning of the musyarakah contract. In this case the concept of
debt (dayn), Characteristics of debt in the musyarakah contract, the debt has
existed since the consent in the beginning of musharaka


There are two architectures that preserve the tree topology of the P system: peer-to-peer and hierarchical peer-to-peer. Architectures used the concept of proxy to reduce the size of messages and communication time. In this paper, we propose that the proxy no only reduces the time needed to sending messages, but also reduce the number of connections between processors. Normally, in one transition, two processors communicate three times, but with this algorithm, the communications are reducing to only one. We present the proxy algorithms for these architectures.


The quest for a safe drinking water free from any form of contamination cannot be overemphasized. People around the world do not have safe drinking water and that has resulted into myriad of water borne diseases. A total of twenty-two (22) samples were collected from twelve (12) different brand and subjected to microbiological analysis. From the results obtained, pH of the analyzed samples had ranges from 6.5 to 7.5, which fall within the normal standard range of 6.5 to 8.5. The Fecal coliform count for all products gave 0cfu/ml, which indicates the absence of fecal contamination and the absence of Escherichia coli, the indicator organism under investigation. But other Bacterial isolated includes: Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas spp, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus smithii, Citrobacter spp, Klebsiella oxytoca, Coagulase negative staphylococci. The above listed organisms are not considered pathogenic in healthy individuals, but in immunodeficient individuals, they are dangerous especially Pseudomonas which have been isolated in gastrointestinal infections, most package water products are expected to be free from fecal contamination, using the MPN testing method, it facilitates the identification of Escherichia coli which is one of the indicator organisms amongst others. The results of this study show that the packaged water products are safe for consumption. The total coliform count showed that the methods used for treatments eliminate coliforms and other heterotrophic organisms to a reasonable extent, since the count were above 10 cfu/ml. Risk of infection cannot be ascertained using colony count alone, rather, it is a measure for the effectiveness of filtration processes and serves as a measure for assessing the hygiene levels observed by each corporation.


Airline Passengers Defense Act of 1990 - Directs the Secretary of Transportation to establish in the Department of Transportation an Office of Airline Passenger Advocacy. Establishes the Office of Airline Passenger Advocacy Advisory Group. Amends the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 to prohibit air carriers from cancelling a flight within 72 hours of its scheduled departure time for any reason, except for safety reasons or the absence of any passengers at such departure time. Requires air carriers which cancel such flights for safety-related reasons to report to the Secretary on the cancellation, the reasons for it, and actions taken to resolve the safety-related problem. Requires air carriers to notify their passengers of any delays of 15 minutes or more in the departure or arrival of scheduled flights. Requires an air carrier which cancels a flight in violation of this Act, or alters stopping places of such flight for any reason other than safety, to compensate passengers. Prohibits on-time performance of regularly scheduled flights from being 30 percent or less in any consecutive three-month period. Requires the Secretary to establish in the Office of Airline Passenger Advocacy a toll-free telephone number system for receiving passenger complaints relating to air service. Sets forth requirements relating to: (1) ticket information; and (2) lost or damaged baggage claims. Sets forth civil penalties for economic cancellations and consistently delayed flights by air carriers.


The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of resistance exercise on motor unit recruitment, muscularstrength, muscular endurance, and exercise performance acording to CNTF gene polymorphism. Thesubjects of this study covered 8 normal homozygote GG group and 10 mutation heterozygote and homozygoteGA/AA group according to CNTF gene polymorphism. They performed resistance exercise during 8weeks. Comparative analysis of the results following conclusions were obtained by measuring body compositionand muscular function variables. Muscle mass(p<.001), fat free mass(p<.001), and body fat(p<.001)significantly improved in the GG and GA/AA groups. SUMP area o fvastus medialis during isokinetic exerciseof 180°/sec(p<.05), peak torque per body weight of knee joint extensor durin gisokinetic exercise of60°/sec(p<.001), peak torque per body weight of knee joint extensor during isokinetic exercise of 180°/sec(p<.001), reaction rate(p<.01), vertical jump(p<.001), side step(p<.001), 50m running time(p<.01), significantlyimproved in the GG and GA/AA groups. The changes opf eak torque per body weight of knee join textensor during isokinetic exercise of 60°/sec(p<.05) in the GA/AA group were significant higher than in th eGG group. In summary, resistance exercise had positive effect on motor unit recruitment, muscular endurance,and exercise performance regardless of CNTF gene polymorphism.H owever, muscle strength showed thedifference according to CNTF gene polymorphism.


We challenge the idea that Britain�s short-lived industrial primacy in the late 18th and early 19th centuries is explained by �comparative advantage� in high-level artisan skills possessed by an elite workforce. Skills were vital to the industrial revolution but the timing of change and its regional concentration suggest that Britain�s rise to dominance in Atlantic trade was the major causal factor. Rapidly growing markets in Africa and the Americas, especially for textiles and metalwares, centred on Britain�s leading role in the slave trade and the extension of her plantation frontier in the Caribbean. Structural and industrial change, concentrated in the economic hinterlands of Atlantic ports, facilitated product and process revolutions. Diverse Atlantic demands and new Atlantic raw material supplies stimulated skill development and key innovations in light and heavy industry.


The invention relates to the broaching of at least one slot (3) in a part such as a turbine rotor disk (4) or a turbomachine compressor disk, said slot (3) being machined by means of a broach (1) inclined at a broaching angle (a). Said broach (1) has an inter-tooth pitch (P) that is a sub-multiple of the length to be broached (L).


Both empire and federation are deeply contested concepts. The difficulties surrounding the competing notions of "empire" or "federation" can be rooted in their respective heuristic strengths and weaknesses, but also in their political uses. In analyzing these concepts, recent scholarship has mostly neglected the relationship between empire and federation. Should the two be used as compatible concepts, as complementary categories, or as fundamentally competing frameworks? What implications do these conceptual options have for the larger endeavor of a description of transnational politics? This article systematically addresses this tension through an argument on how intellectual and conceptual histories can contribute to approaching this complicated relationship. As the article argues, overlaps and hybridities between empire and federation can be grasped plausibly by analyzing these polities not only through their institutional features but also as discursive constellations. Through such a lens, it becomes clear why modern politics is populated by numerous political orders both federal and imperial.


Background: Posture balance control is the ability to maintain the body's center of gravity in the minimal postural sway state on a supportive surface. This ability is obtained through a complicated process of sensing the movements of the human body through sensory organs and then integrating the information into the central nervous system and reacting to the musculoskeletal system and the support action of the musculoskeletal system. Motor function, including coordination, motor, and vision, vestibular sense, and sensory function, including proprioception, should act in an integrated way. However, more than half of stroke patients have motor, sensory, cognitive, and emotional disorders for a long time. Motor and sensory disorders cause the greatest difficulty in postural control among stroke patients. Objects: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of visual and somatosensory information on postural sway in stroke patients and carrying out a kinematic analysis using a tri-axial accelerometer and a quantitative assessment. Methods: Thirty-four subjects posed four stance condition was accepted various sensory information for counterbalance. This experiment referred to the computerized dynamic posturography assessments and was redesigned four condition blocking visual and somatosensory information. To measure the postural sway of the subjects' trunk, a wireless tri-axial accelerometer was used by signal vector magnitude value. Ony-way measure analysis of variance was performed among four condition. Results: There were significant differences when somatosensory information input blocked (p<.05). Conclusion: The sensory significantly affecting the balance ability of stroke patients is somatosensory, and the amount of actual movement of the trunk could be objectively compared and analyzed through quantitative figures using a tri-axial accelerometer for balance ability.


Charitable bequests currently provide approximately a fifth of total voluntary income to the College and as such are a vitally important source of funding supporting a varied programme including education and research projects. These figures are in line with the UK charities average as estimated by the Charities Aid Foundation. Over the ten-year period from 1995 to 2005 the College has received approximately £14.4 million in legacy income, with an average annual income of £1.6 million.


An anomalous magnetic deviation of about 180° in an outcrop of magnetite-bearing sandstone of the Pennsylvanian Rhode Island Formation is reported. The suggested cause is lightning discharge.


An analytical method for fast determination for solvent residue in vegetable oils by headspace gas chromatography was developed. The solvent residue in vegetable oils was separated by Rtx-1 column, and determined by a fire iron detector(FID). The result showed that the linear range was between 0 μg~173.00 μg and the linear correlation coefficient was 0.999 3. The detection limit was 1.8 mg/kg, and the average recoveries were between 73.12% and 105.25% with the relative standard deviations(RSDs)of 2.9%-5.4%(n=5). It was proved to be a convenient and accurate method for the analysis of solvent residue in vegetable oils.


Education refers to the training activities of human beings.The teacher-student relationship under the circumstance of humanism comprises interpersonal,discoursal,and creative relationships.


Anemia and micronutrient deficiencies in infancy are common in low-income settings. These are partly due to maternal malnutrition and may impair child health and development. We studied the impact of maternal food and micronutrient supplementation, duration of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), growth and infection on infant anemia and micronutrient status. In the MINIMat trial in Matlab, Bangladesh, pregnant women were randomized to Early or Usual promotion of enrolment in a food supplementation program and to one of three daily micronutrient supplements. Capsules containing 400µg folic acid and (a) 30 mg iron (Fe30Fol), (b) 60 mg iron (Fe60Fol), (c) 30 mg iron and other micronutrients (MMS) were provided from week 14 of gestation. Capsule intake was assessed with the eDEM device recording supplement container openings. Blood samples (n=2377) from women at week 14 and 30 were analyzed for hemoglobin (Hb). Duration of EBF and infant morbidity was based on monthly maternal recalls. Infants were weighed and measured monthly. Blood samples (n=1066) from 6-months-old infants were analyzed for Hb and plasma ferritin, zinc, retinol, vitamin B12 and folate. In women, Hb increase per capsule reached a plateau at 60 Fe60Fol capsules, indicating that nine weeks of daily supplementation produced maximum Hb response. Anemia was common (36%) at capsule intakes >60 indicating other causes of anemia than iron deficiency. In infants, vitamin B12 deficiency prevalence was lower in the MMS (26.1%) than in the Fe30Fol group (36.5%), (p=0.003) and zinc deficiency prevalence was lower in the Usual than in the Early group. There were no other differential effects of food or micronutrient supplementation on infant anemia or micronutrient status. Infants exclusively breast-fed for 4-6 months had a higher mean plasma zinc concentration (9.9±2.3 µmol/L) than infants exclusively breast-fed for <4 months (9.5±2.0 µmol/L), (p< 0.01). No other differences in anemia, iron or zinc status were observed between EBF categories. Infection, low birth weight and iron deficiency were independent risk factors for infant anemia. Regardless of studied interventions, prevalence of anemia (43%), deficiency of zinc (56%), vitamin B12, vitamin A (19%) and iron (22%) in infancy was high and further preventive strategies are needed.


U-Learning environments collects context information relative to user's preferences and needs, but this information is typically very volatile. For this reason, Quality of Context is aimed at treating this information by applying quality parameters. This chapter aims to help the reader understand how the quality of context information can be treated in U-Learning environments, which are the main theoretical bases, technologies that support them and what are the methods, advantages and disadvantages related to this approach. In addition, specific cases of development and application of technologies and strategies involving Quality of Context are presented to illustrate all the concepts described. The results of usability testing related to the SUS questionnaire showed that the developed environment described in the case of study operated satisfactorily, based on the assessments made by the group of users who tested the modules and their operation.


Background and Purpose—We know remarkably little about the mechanisms underlying cortical activation. Such mechanisms might be better understood by studying the effect of well-localized lesions on the cortical activations in simple paradigms. Methods—We used H215O and positron emission tomography to measure regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) at rest and during hand vibration in 7 patients with unilateral thalamic lesion involving the ventroposterior (VP) somatosensory thalamic relay nuclei. We compared the results with those obtained in 6 patients with thalamic lesions sparing the VP nuclei and 6 healthy controls. Results—The patients with VP lesions had a selective hypoperfusion at rest in the ipsilesional primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1). This hypoperfusion was significantly correlated with the degree of contralateral somatosensory deficit. This abnormality may reflect the deafferentation of SM1 from its somatosensory thalamic input. Despite this deafferentation, the ipsilesional SM1 was normally acti...


The invention discloses M2M gateway equipment and an application method thereof. The M2M gateway equipment comprises a communication module 12 used for communicating with an M2M communication network and an M2M stub network; a management module 14 connected with the communication module 12 and used for managing communication content and/or communication objects of communication with the M2M communication network and/or the M2M stub network; and a business module 16 connected with the communication module 12 and the management module 14 and used for performing business operation according to the communication content. Through the M2M gateway equipment, the problem in related technology that the structure of an M2M gateway is not explained is solved, and the intelligentization degree, practicability and uniformity of the M2M gateway equipment are improved, thereby facilitating subsequent research and development, operation, management, maintenance and application of the M2M gateway.


concepts such as psychic energy and libidinal cathexes are "described" as if they were the actual data of observation. T h e distinction between description and explanation is considGAP Committee on Research (19GG). 1 See for instance Frenkel-Brunswick (1954), ll'aelder (1.960). Guttrnan (19G5), IS PSYCHOANALYSIS "OUR SCIENCE"? 129 ered critical by Kubie (1960) who viewed theoretical formulae in psychoanalysis as usually a "hybrid and confused mixture of the two." Indeed, it is remarkably tempting to assign causal significance to psychoanalytic propositions, even while recognizing +ataccurate and valuable psychoanalytic formulations which comprehensively include genetic, topographical, structural, economic, dynamic, and adaptive points of view may be of minimal, if any, etiological consequence. Less controversial than classifying hypotheses according to the degree of testability and the degree of validity is the valuable ordering of the same concepts in a hierarchy reflecting their distance from the data of observation. Waelder (1962) has done this as follows: 1 . The data of ohemat ion. 2. Clinical interpretation regarding the interconnections and relationships of the observed data. 3. Clinical generalizations such as the impact of certain experiences on a particular psychopathological symptom or syndrome. 4. Clinical theory, which is a derivative of the foregoing interpretations. Here, JVaelder includes readily demonstrated phenomena such as repression, defense, and regression as well as hypotheses that are not as readily demonstrated such as return of the repressed. 5 . Aletapsyclzology, which involves theories about the theories resulting in far more abstract concepts such as psychic energy and cathexis. 6. Last, IVaelder lists Freud's plzilosoplzy. The question might be raised, however, whether this should be limited to Freud's personal philosophy or whether there is a philosophical system implicit in psychoanalysis entailing such values as faith in reason and truth which belongs at this level most distant from the observed data. FVaelder observes that nonpsychoanalysts know the most about those more abstract levels which have the least relevance for psychoanalysis such as Freud's personal philosophical writings about religion and civilization. Next, he feels that outsiders 130 SAUL 1. HARRISON know something about those speculative concepts that IVaelder locates "on the fringes of psychoanalytic theory," e.g., psychic energy. He goes on to observe that some of the best analysts that he has known knew next to nothing about metapsychology. Regretfully, the criteria employed in this value judgment about "best analyst" are not articulated. In a personal communication, however, TVaelder (1966) named as examples some of the more productive clinical contributors to the psychoanalytic literature. I t is easy to agree with IYaelder to the extent that these are the vulnerable fringe areas that certain critics of psychoanalysis elect for the focus of their attack. On the other hand, it appears that there is, in fact, greater awareness as well as acceptance of the more basic concepts such as unconscious mental functioning as represented by the displacements of transference, parapraxes, mind-body interrelationships, etc. Sophisticated nonpsychoanalytic colleagues are often unrelenting in their demand for evidence that they can understand. Psychoanalysts, particularly those who are uneasy with the proprietary implications in the term "our science," have an uneasy need to respond. Empathy with this uneasiness is common when "owscience" reflects the regrettably rigid dogmatism that resembles religious fervor in that it is born of faith rather than observation. There is more controversy about this phrase, however, when it expresses the sober, and thus far apparently accurate, appraisal that nothing demonstrates psychoanalytic theory as convincingly as the psychoanalytic method. Before responding to the demand for evidence, it is vital to recall that these nonpsychoanalytic colleagues' attitudes toward psychoanalysis differ markedly from those with which they consider other sciences outside of their area of expertise. The chemist accepts the reports of the astronomer without examining the astronomer's evidence and the astronomer similarly accepts the reports of the chemist at face value. Yet most scientists are curious about the proof of psychoanalytic propositions. T h e most obvious reason is that psychoanalysis deals with such personal matters that few people can be neutral about it. The fact that this demand may come less frequently from physical scientists than it does from other behavioral scientists IS PSYCHOANALYSIS "OUR SCIENCE"? 131 should not be surprising in light of the fact that the areas of study overlap. However, the crudeness of some of the demands for evidence that come from colleagues in similar fields may express other attitudes in addition to shared interests. It may take !lie form of a demanding "show me" attitude about matters that are not demonstrable. It is incumbent on psychoanalysts to realize that such demands may be encouraged in part by the psychoanalytic use of metaphorical language, particularly when it approaches the extreme of concretizing abstract concepts and classificatory systems. It is not hard to imagine a vicious cycle that begins with an analyst talking of "the ego" which the behavioral scientist, perhaps tendentiously, asks to see, following which the eager analyst attempts to "show" him. \\'hen the behavioral scientist is unable to see "it," the analyst may be tempted to talk about the outsider's resistance toward "our science" and to redouble his conviction that it has to be ''ow science." It is amazingly easy to forget that the structural hypothesis is nothing more than a means of ordering data in what is really a semiarbitrary though extremely useful fashion. T h e structural hypothesis encompasses abstract conceptualizations that are derived from classifying related functional components into abstract psychic systems. Underlying this classificatory scheme is the observation that established functions tend to "structuralize" in the sense of forming steady states that resist change and do not have to be created anew repeatedly. Thus, the so-called structures are really systematic groupings of functions forming theoretical constructs. I n a sense, they are logical artifacts that are inferred from behavior. As such, neither the ego, id, or superego is observable, nor are they unobservable. Their validity cannot be proved any more than the existence of the c ar d' ~ovascular system can be demonstrated to be more valid or accurate as a system than the cardiovascularrenal system or the cerebrovascular system. Similar examples could be cited from astronomy, chemistry, and a host of other sciences. An apparently more refined, but equally impossible, external demand for evidence requests that psychoanalysts articulate what data will disprove the existence of a complex constellation like the oedipus complex. Such requests have been cited 132 SAUL I. HARRISON repeatedly by critics and defenders of psychoanalysis alike. Unfortunately, however, as tempting as this challenge is, it will not bring testimony to bear about the scientific status of psychoanalysis. In brief, a little boy's aggression to his father or his solicitude toward his father both can be considered behavioral evidence of the oedipus complex. Such apparently irrational "heads I win, tails you lose" self-fulfilling prophecies frustrate logicians intensely, and the efforts of psychoanalysts to clarify the matter may prove even more frustrating (see Hook, 1959). The issue to be considered, however, is whether psychoanalysis should be blamed for being illogical or whether it is human personality functioning that is so filled with paradoxes. In other words, whose logic should prevail? Clearly, a means of noncircular confirmation of hypotheses would be most helpful. Noncircular methods that truly relate to the questions at hand are exceedingly difficult to design. For instance, what would be proved about psychoanalytic theory by study of autistic, retarded, and/or encephalopathic children who do not manifest evidence of an oedipus complex? IVhat criteria can be applied to assessing the value of a theory? Obviously, a useful and relevant theory should be in accord with the available data. Next, one expects a certain degree of inner consistency. This should be distinguished, however, from fitting in with the rules of logic, for the theory may be about illogical matter such as human behavior. Also, the theory should be comprehensive, which is not meant to imply that other explanations that are judged to be less encompassing should be eliminated. Indeed, it is not an either-or choice between the data of psychoanalysis and the data of learning theory, or social role theory, or neurophysiology. Each enriches the other. Last, the theory should be articulate and have a fruitful capacity for generating additional hypotheses. Psychoanalytic theory has been taken to task for translating insights derived from study of the so-called abnormal into the foundations of a general psychology. I t is probably true that exclusive study of the abnormal would be limiting in the development of a general psychology. I t ought to be recognized, however, that exclusive focus on the so-called normal could be as limiting. IS PSYCIIOANALYSIS "OUR SCIENCE"? 133 In recent years biologists have become increasingly aware of this, and many have been endeavoring to establish a reintegration of pathological and developmental biology. Psychoanalytic Investigative Methods It is agreed that the scientific method entails observation, classification, verification, developing the theory, and testing the hypotheses. Although the merit of this generalization is indisputable, one should not lose sight of a potentially tyrannical fallacy in the use of the word "method." Ca


The paper investigates the pragmatics of apologies in Montenegro; it claims that two broad groups could be identified: 'to say is to do' and 'to do is to say'. Apologies are highly conventionalised with a wide range of verbal and non verbal (emotional) redressive devices. The variety of illocutions, partly due to the compensating phrase, has showed that apologising in Montenegro is a normal part of the social register insofar as it is not face threatening. But being highly FTAs, apologies for Montenegrins are more power-related than politeness related. It turns out that the universality of politeness comes second to the universality of power. Generally, they constitute dispreferred seconds.


The operations of loading and unloading in business center generate negative impacts, especially traffic restrictions; increased risk over other vehicles and pedestrians; conflicts between passenger and cargo; and obstructions to traffic. Thus, the load distribution process must be planned so as not to generate urban chaos. The lack of planning of freight transport in business center slows traffic in general and generates jams; increasing travel time and the cost of freight transport itself, with the consequent increase in the final cost of the product. Therefore, it is of great importance a joint action between urban planning and the operation of vehicles for loading and unloading. The objective of this paper is to determine a lot for vehicles loading and unloading, and demonstrate the benefits of a parking for this.


Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a major ingredient in skin care products because of its anti‐wrinkle effects, although it has some side effects especially at higher amounts. In this study, we compare the anti‐wrinkle related properties of CoQ10 and a proprietary Commiphora mukul gum resin (guggul) and triheptanoin preparation (GU‐TC7). GU‐TC7 is prepared with a supercritical CO2‐co‐solvent extraction with ethanol, standardized to 2% guggulsterones and triheptanoin, a triglyceride composed of three 7‐carbon fatty acids. Treatment of CCL‐110 skin fibroblasts with GU‐TC7 demonstrates a mild proliferative effect compared to CoQ10 and increased type I collagen synthesis. Additionally, GU‐TC7 inhibited matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) expression in a dose‐dependent manner at 20–100 μg mL−1 and inhibited human elastase expression by more than 50% as compared to no elastase inhibition with CoQ10 treatment. These results suggest that GU‐TC7 possesses properties that are applicable to the treatment of wrinkles and may be considered for its further evaluation in skin care products.


This paper is a report on the findings from the research and development of STEAMification model in flipped classroom learning environment to enhance creative thinking and creative innovation. The purposes of this study are: 1) to develop the model; 2) to study the developed model. Results exhibited that: 1) the model consists of 6 components, 2) the students who had studied through STEAMification had higher creativity (Mean = 14.53, S.D. = 0.94) than the students who studied through normal model (Mean = 12.90, S.D. = 1.91), 3) the students who had studied through model had higher quality of creative innovation (Mean = 14.86, S.D. = 1.62) than the students who studied through normal model (Mean = 12.90, S.D. = 1.91).


When a collimated light beam is passed consequently along the optic axes of two identical biaxial crystals, the conical refraction produces in the focal image plane a specific light pattern consisting of a ring and a central spot. The ring is formed due to the additive action of two crystals, while the spot results from the reversed conical refraction in such a degenerated cascade arrangement. The relative intensity of these two components depends on the azimuth angle between the orientations of the crystals about the beam axis. It is shown that this dependence arises due to the interference of pairs of waves produced by conical refraction in two crystals. If a part of these waves is blocked by polarization selection of beam components, the dependence of the light pattern on the azimuth angle vanishes. In this case, the outgoing light profile consists of a ring and a central spot with fixed intensities so that the total beam power is divided equally between these two components. Depending on the applied polarization, the central spot appears either as a restored input beam or a charge-two optical vortex. The results of numerical simulations of the effect are in a very good agreement with the experimental observations.


The present paper deals with the dynamic behavior of rotating nanobeam subjected to follower force using the nonlocal elasticity theory. The nonlocal elasticity theory is used to analyze the mechanical behavior of nanoscale materials. The used method of solution is the Differential Quadrature Method (DQM). It is shown that the frequencies are affected when the size effect is taken into consideration. The effects of the nonlocal small scale parameter and the hub radii on the natural frequencies of the rotating nanobeam with respect to the rotating angular velocity are investigated in the present work. This study could be useful in design of the next generation of nanodevices such as blades of a nanoturbine, nanogears, nanoscale molecular bearings, that make use of the vibration analysis of rotating nanobeam. POLYM. COMPOS., 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers


NMR spectroscopy is a widely used method in study and analysis of phospholipids. Proton, carbon and phosphorus nuclei are commonly used in the NMR measurements for phospholipids. For use as a quantitative test, P NMR, which is observable by separating phospholipids into individual classes, is particularly important. The study of phospholipid by employing P NMR has a history of 50 years, and has already accumulated a lot of knowledge. We achieved accurate, individual and concomitant quantifications of phospholipid classes (mainly glycerophospholipids) in commercial polar lipids by using the P NMR technique incorporating a H NMR methodology which is becoming popular as a method to determine the purity of low molecular organic standard substance. In this review, we describe about phospholipids quantification by using P NMR based on our previous study results.


The paper presents results o/ experimental investigation o/ operation o/ high power LEDs supplied by switching converter with output current regulation. Dynamic per/ormance o/two LEDs is investigated. Influence o/LED dynamic characteristics on operating mode o/ converter output filter is analyzed.


Traffic congestion monitoring and controlling it is biggest challenge on many cities in this day, which affects environmental life and disturbs our daily life routine. Due to increasing population, number of roads and vehicles are increases, which create many problems such as travel time delay, fuel wastage, air pollution and transport related issues. So traffic monitoring and controlling is biggest challenge on traffic management authorities. Here design and develop system for real-time traffic monitoring using Internet of Things (IoT) platform and sensing Technology. To detect traffic levels at lanes used Ultrasonic sensors, its real-time application. Controller receives this data from sensors and processes. After that processed and detected data transfer to server through Wi-Fi module Traffic is controlling by traffic signal control method which depends on the detecting traffic levels at lanes. If any lane gives high traffic level then it gives highest priority means high signal time to pass vehicles. This system is reliable, straightforward and lowly cost.