Meningococcal meningitis received wide publicity during August, a case of human rabies was reported, and a further 25 cases of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) were reported. In September a notable outbreak of salmonella food poisoning took place affecting nearly 200 delegates at a medical conference in Cardiff; a single case of salmonellosis was traced to contaminated enteral feed; overall, laboratory reports of salmonellosis showed an increase of nearly 2000 compared with the first three quarters of 1985. Lyme disease received publicity because of reports of cases from the New Forest, and a postal survey of dermatologists showed that there were at least 68 cases in Britain in the past five years. The incidence of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome continues to increase, and analysis of cases by date of presentation to medical care showed no evidence of any falling off in the rate of increase.


In this article the author presents the gentleness as one of the methods of evangelization which the Church carries out in the modern world. Gentleness, which today has been somewhat forgotten, can serve to the effectiveness of Christian witness. It is a virtue that stands out and exceeds the servant of Christ from people who do not know the truth of the Gospel. Its importance is emphasized by the authors of both old and new-testament. In the New Testament it is often linked to the ministry of preaching. Gentleness is a characteristic of God the Father and Jesus Christ and it is the fruit of the Holy Spirit. Its value in human relationships is inestimable. Evangelization taken by the Church should be gentle in its method. On the other hand, a gentle man evangelizes just by their way of life. Gentleness evangelizes and is a method of evangelization, which is accomplished not by words only, but by certain attitude, which becomes a much stronger testimony.


In the new period of constructing a well-off society in an all-round way, it is imperative to innovate our job for helping the poor, which is accompanied with many opportunities. We should cultivate their own subjective consciousness to realize their ideological innovation,mobilize as many resources as possible to raise the efficiency, train specialists by education, and carry out innovation about helping the poor to make continuous break-through.


The goal of this paper is to demonstrate that it is possible to quantify and to characterize the development of Cu enriched phases in the 3XX series of aluminum alloys using the Thermal Analysis (TA) system developed at the University of Windsor. It is shown that several distinct Cu enriched phases are manifested as "peaks" on the first derivative of the cooling curve. Following a mathematical curve "deconvolution" procedure, it is possible to use the total area under the first derivative curve to estimate the area fraction of the Cu enriched phases that will be found in the solidified sample. This estimation is verified using quantitative metallography (Image Analysis) and chemical analysis (Optical Emission Spectroscopy). The applicability of the present findings to on-line melt quality control in industrial settings is discussed.


antenatal phototherapy has been tried in one case (Ito et al. 2001), safety and efficacy of this treatment during pregnancy needs further evaluation. As our case presented to us at 36 weeks' gestation, no such therapy was considered. It was also observed that maternal serum bilirubin of 9 mg/dl or less before delivery was associated with good neonatal outcome irrespective of the type of antenatal therapy (Cahill and McCarthy 1989; Smith and Baker 1994). In our case, maternal serum bilirubin throughout pregnancy had remained around 8 mg/dl. Although the neonate was icteric at birth, a good response was observed with phototherapy alone. CNS does not seem to cause placental insufficiency leading to intrauterine growth retardation as it is observed that in all cases including the current one, the birth weights were appropriate for gestation. As CNS with pregnancy is a rare clinical situation with little information available, individual case reports will add to the knowledge base to provide evidence-based management guidelines.


Squamous Cell Carcinoma is a malignant tumor of keratinocytes. In the horse represents 6-10% of all cancers affecting the external genitalia. The signals typically include unpigmented plaques, surface irregularities of the penis or the prepuce, incurable with or without erosions accompanied by granulation tissue and cases of metastasis are observed in approximately 18% of cases. Microscopically observed formation of keratin, mitoses and cellular atypia. Diagnosis is made from clinical signs, histopathological findings, ultrasound and needle aspiration. We report a case of a horse, male, neutered, 13 years, SRD, sorrel coat, which was the Veterinary Hospital of Palotina Campus of Federal University of Parana. Due to poor body condition the animal was euthanized, necropsy and histopathological examination of organs which were stained with hematoxylin and eosin staining being held. At necropsy an ulcerated, firm, white-yellowish and granular appearance on the surface of the penis and foreskin irregular mass was observed. The lungs showed metastasis. In the histopathological it was confirmed that the lesions were metastases, squamous cell carcinoma. The objective of this study is to report a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the penis and foreskin in equine pulmonary metastasis.


This study tried to develop a basis for quantitative index of working postures associated with WMSDs(Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders) that could overcome realistic restriction during application of typical checklists for WMSDs evaluation. The baseline data for this study was obtained from automobile manufacturing company(A total of 603 jobs were observed). Specifically, data for shoulder postures was analyzed to have a better and more objective method in terms of job relevance than typical methods such as OWAS, RULA, and REBA. Major statistical tools were Clustering, Logistic regression and so on. The main results in this study could be summarized as follows; 1) The relationships between working postures and WMSDs symptoms at shoulder were statistically significant based on the results from logistic regression. 2) Based on clustering analysis, three levels for WMSDs risk at shoulder were produced for both flexion and abduction were statistically significant. Specific results were as follows; .Shoulder flexion: low risk(< 37.7°), medium risk(37.7°~70.0°), high risk(> 70.0°) .Shoulder abduction: low risk(< 26.5°), medium risk(26.5°~56.8°), high risk(> 56.8°). 3) The sensitivities on risk levels of shoulder flexion and abduction were 64.0% and 20.6% respectively while the specificities on risk levels of shoulder flexion and abduction were 99.1% and 99.3% respectively. The results showed that the data associated with shoulder postures in this study could provide a good basis for job evaluation of WMSDs at shoulder. Specifically, this evaluation methodology was different from the methods usually used at WMSDs study since it tried to be based on direct job relevance from real working situation. Further evaluation for other body parts as well as shoulder would provide more stability and reliability in WMSDs evaluation study.


Under the influence of Russian and Austrian neo-Byzantinism, as well as
 increasingly extensive historiographic research, evocations of Byzantine
 architectural achievements appeared in Serbian architecture in the early
 1870s. Their merging with the layers of the national schools of medieval
 masonry, adapted to the use of modern materials and methods of composition,
 stemmed from the uncritical identification of these two historical
 traditions, a view that was also present in scholarship for far too long.
 Regardless of its theoretical underdevelopment, the emulation of Byzantine
 monuments became the dominant trend in monumental architecture, with the cult
 of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople culminating after World War I, a period
 when large-scale structures were designed.


Alternative Decree of the Director General of Oil and Gas No. 3674K/24/DJM/2006 dated March 17, 2006 concerning Standards and Quality (Specifications) of Gasoline-Type Fuel Oil Marketed Domestically where in the attachment to the Specification for Gasoline-Type Fuel Oil RON 91 and RON 95 (Pertamax) still contains Pb of 0.013 grams per liter. The exhaust gas produced by motorized vehicles using leaded fuel emits Pb into the environment and has the potential to be absorbed into the leaf tissue of road shade plants. The aim of this study was to examine the Pb content in the leaves and determine the effect of the Pb content in the ambient air on the Pb content in the leaves of various cover crops on Jalan Raya Palembang City. The research samples were leaves of mahogany, umbrella tree, burmese rosewood, bullet wood tree, and rain tree which were dominant and had similarities on Jl. Soekarno Hatta – Alamsyah Ratu Prawiranegara, Jl. Cabbage. H. Burlian, Jl. Jend. Sudirman, Jl. Jend. Basuki Rahmad, Jl. Jend. R. Soekanto, Jl. Jend. Ahmad Yani. Jl. governor HA. Bastari. Analysis of the Pb content in leaves and air using the AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) method. The results of the study found that the highest Pb content in the leaves of the Mahogany plant was on Jl. Jend. Basuki Rahmad 0.112 mg/kg while the lowest was on Jl. governor HA. Bastari <0.081 mg/kg. Pb content in umbrella tree plants in all roads < 0.081 mg/kg. The highest Pb content in burmese rosewood plants is on Jl. Jend. Basuki Rahmad 0.116 mg/kg while the lowest was on Jl. governor HA. Bastari <0.081 mg/kg. The highest Pb content in bullet wood tree Jl. Jend. Basuki Rahmad 0.099 mg/kg while the lowest is on Jl. governor HA. Bastari <0.081 mg/kg. The highest Pb content in rain tree is on Jl. Jend. Basuki Rahmad 0.089 mg/kg while the lowest is on Jl. governor HA. Bastari <0.081 mg/kg. The highest Pb content in ambient air is on Jl. Jend. Basuki Rahmad 0.06 ʯg/Nm3 while the lowest is on Jl. Jend. R. Soekarno. The Pb content in the ambient air affects the Pb content in the leaves.


The diversity of organoleptically significant compounds resulting from malolactic fermentations (MLF) is considerable. The chemical basis of some flavours is well known and the control of some of these by the use of selected strains and appropriate MLF conditions is already practised. The appearance of strains with reliable, specific flavour attributes will however be relatively slow. For the longer term, genetic improvement will be more efficient since strains with proven winemaking properties can be used.


The notion of self-concept has been proven to be useful for thinking about a wide variety of marketing phenomena. Here, self-concept theory is applied to the issue of advertising effectiveness. Two frameworks are developed: one from an academic perspective (relying upon published literature) and the other from a managerial perspective (relying upon interviews with advertising managers). An attempt is made to bring these two approaches (academic versus practitioner) closer together.


This book is the author's English version of his "Das Biologische Weltbild," published in 1949. The author is mainly concerned with the relationship between systems at the biological level of complexity and those at the physical level of complexity and discusses the concept (he terms it the "organismic concept") that biological processes represent more than the mere sum of component single processes. There is a useful discussion of the mechanistic and vitalistic approaches to biological phenomena and of the generally accepted synthesis of these opposing views. Although the author recognizes the unitary character of individual organisms, he fails to apply the unitary approach to organic evolution, where both the organism and its environment form the relevant unit, and, by overemphasizing the genetic and developmental characteristics of the individual organism, is led into a more or less orthogenetic view of organic evolution. The author believes that the properties of organized systems, including biological systems, can be defined in mathematical language, and proposes to develop this "General System Theory" in a subsequent volume.


Two patients presented with downbeat nystagmus and lesions remote from the cranio-cervical junction: one with decompensated aqueductal stenosis; the second with midbrain infarction. Unopposed upward drift of the eyes due to to vestibular or pursuit imbalance seem unlikely in the pathogenesis in these cases. An abnormality in the vertical gaze holding center is compatible with eye movement recordings in one case.


The sociopolitical context of post-2008 Europe is ripe for the revival of the radical left as a viable force against the hegemony of neoliberal capitalism and the politics of austerity. Political space on the left has been opened up owing to extreme electoral instability and to a significant decline among centrist parties, which, in violation of their principles, have been instrumental in imposing austerity policies. The polarization has led also to a dangerous rise of the far right. These developments need to be examined in the context of Europe's sovereign debt crisis.


The present invention provides a non-epoxy based thermosetting resin composition for high frequency, containing: (a) a polyphenylene ether resin having two or more unsaturated substituents at both terminals of a molecule chain or an oligomer thereof, the unsaturated substituents being selected from the group consisting of a vinyl group and an allyl group; and (b) a cross-linkable setting agent, a prepreg comprising the composition, and a printed circuit board. The present invention can provide a printed circuit board for high frequency which simultaneously exhibits excellent low-dielectric loss, favorable moisture absorption and heat resistance, low-thermal expansion, and thermal stability.


Opiates have complex effects on seizure thresholds as these substances have both anti and proconvulsive actions in the mammalian brain. A reduction of inhibitory synaptic activity or enhancement of excitatory synaptic activity would be expected to trigger a seizure. This study is designed to determine how morphine and naloxone affect seizures induced by a low Mg2+ perfusate in the whole, intact hippocampus of mouse in vitro. In this research, C57BL/ 6 mice (P11-17) were used. Intact hippocampal structures were carefully dissected and incubated for at least 1 hour prior to recording. The tissues were perfused by low Mg2+ (0.2 mM)-ACSF at a rate of 3 ml/min. Morphine sulfate was used in various doses (10, 30, 100, 200 µM) as an opioid receptor agonist, while naloxone (5 and 10 µM) was utilized as an antagonist of these receptors. Various concentrations of morphine sulfate showed variable effects on whole hippocampus activity: Morphine (30 and 100 µM) noticeably elongated the length of epileptiform activity, while decreasing the frequency of the tonic stage of seizures. Morphine (200 µM) attenuated the hippocampal seizure activities. Low concentrations (5 µM) of naloxone did not show any significant effect on hippocampal activity, but higher concentrations of naloxone (10 µM) depressed both interictal and ictal like events. When combining perfusion with morphine (10, 30, 100, and 200) and naloxone (10 µM), both interictal and ictal-like events were depressed. Our results indicate that morphine in therapeutic doses of 30 µM may enhance seizure activity and its use in epileptic patients should be considered with caution. Conversely, naloxone has anticonvulsant actions.


Although trauma centers have been present in the United States since 1966, trauma systems are relatively new. In this issue ofThe Journal, Bazzoli et al1present an update on the progress of trauma system development in the United States. Their report represents an extension of a previous article by West et al.2In addition to reviewing the original eight trauma system criteria of West and colleagues, the current report expands on the original study and provides a more sophisticated analysis of trauma systems and their development. Bazzoli et al show that since the publication of the report by West et al the number of complete trauma systems in the United States has increased from a relatively abysmal two complete systems in 1987 to five complete systems in 1993. See also p 395. One of the reasons for writing this progress report is the contention by the authors


This paper will describe the concept and construction of various types of fiber laser, along with their applications. Characteristics of single-frequency, Erbium-doped fiber ring laser will be described in detail. We demonstrate the application of this laser to femtosecond dynamics and wavelength conversion study, through the four wave mixing process in semiconductor optical amplifier.


Esophageal leiomyoma are rare benign  mesenchymal neoplasm occurring most commonly in the distal third. Giant leiomyoma are rarely reported. Since usual enucleation cannot be done, it demands morbid surgical   extirpative procedure.


continuous change to the medical curriculum. Moreover, the changing landscape of the disease pattern, increased awareness about patient rights and law suits against doctors emphasises the addition of themes of professionalism and ethics to the curriculum. "Change" has a protocol of "best practice" developed by "change managers" that should be applied when evolving the medical curriculum. In Pakistan, as in some other nations, the surge of private medical colleges are quick to respond to innovative changes, and put public medical colleges under pressure to continue to provide high quality teaching and learning facilities. Furthermore, the increasingly high levels of patient and community care drives modifications to the medical curriculum in order to meet the challenges of improving patient care.1 The changes create a demand for improved standards of professionalism from healthcare professionals.2


A diagnostic neutral beam injector DINA-KI60 has been developed and produced for upgraded T-15 tokamak (Kurchatov Institute, Moscow). The system will be primarily used for measurement of the ion temperature by charge-exchange recombination spectroscopy (CXRS), for magnetic field measurements via motional Stark effect (MSE) and investigation of plasma turbulence by Beam emission spectroscopy (BES). The ion source provides 60 keV, 6 A hydrogen beam with low angular divergence less than 10 mrad. Ions are extracted from a plasma created by an arc-discharge source with cold cathode and, after accelerating and focusing, are neutralized in a gas target. The extracted beam has about 86% of full energy specie. The grids of ion optical system are spherically curved providing geometric focusing of the beam at a distance 4 m. Diagnostic neutral beam has been successfully tested at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics at 2 seconds pulse duration with modulation of the beam (duty ratio from 1:1 to 1:3).


In the current paper the influence from the exposure conditions on the initiation of chloride induced reinforcement corrosion is described, modelled and quantified. The focus is on environments where chlorides are present, i.e. marine environments and along roads where deicing salt is spread. The environmental actions on concrete structures in general and structures in environments where chlorides are present in particular are described in the paper. Models for environmental actions on concrete structures, subjected to chloride-induced reinforcement corrosion are presented in the paper. The models also consider the influence from some concrete properties (following from concrete composition and curing conditions). The principal with the models is to measure concrete properties in the laboratory and transfer them to the actual exposure conditions with a number of sub parameters. As a first approach these sub parameters have been assumed uncorrelated. The consequences of the models for environmental actions are exemplified with service life predictions, where the influence from the exposure conditions and some concrete properties are described with the models. The sub parameters in the models are quantified with data from literature and field studies. The results show that the exposure conditions have large influence on the service life predictions.


Clonazepam has been shown to be an effective supplementary treatment for depression. Thus, it would be useful to determine which patient characteristics are associated with response to clonazepam.


In this paper we present results obtained at the first stage of development of Small Mobile DAS Lidar to control leakage of methane and methane-bearing gas mixtures. We developed three models that operate at 0.25; 12.5, and 200 Hz pulse repetition frequency. All three are small Optical Parametric Oscillators (OPO) based on KTP crystals pumped with Nd:YAG (1.064 micrometers ) or Nd:YA (1.079 micrometers ) lasers. They span the 1.52 to 1.58 and 3.2 to 3.5 micrometers ranges and allow to work on both the most intense and weak CH4 absorption bands with the center at (lambda) equals 1.57 micrometers having the emission line width of 1 and 2.5 nm, respectively. The energies of single 5-ns emission pulses are equal to 4-5, 8- 10 and 15 mJ, respectively. It is enough for sensing up to 1 to 3-km distances with the sensitivity of 50 ppb/km. Second Harmonic Generation of OPO emission allows one to make measurements within 1.66 and 0.77 micrometers CH4 absorption bands.


In this paper, we propose a heuristic algorithm for computing the parallel degree, PARAdeg, of acyclic well-structured workflow nets. This algorithm makes use of the structural characteristics, i.e. nest structure and the longest path. The algorithm first finds out a firing sequence with larger value of PARAdeg in the order of the depth of nest structure. If the firing sequence includes the longest path, the value could be improved. We also perform an experiment to evaluate the algorithm. The result shows that the accuracy of the algorithm is more than 92%.


Importance: COVID-19 mortality rates increase with age, are higher among men than women, and vary across racial/ethnic groups, but this is also true for other natural causes of death. The authors develop a new measure of COVID-19 mortality burden, the COVID Excess Mortality Percentage (CEMP), defined as COVID-19 deaths as a fraction of all deaths from natural causes other than COVID-19. This measure can control for the effects of underlying population characteristics, including general population health, age, gender, race/ethnicity, and zip-code-level socioeconomic status (zip-SES) in predicting the COVID-19 mortality burden. Objective: They use CEMP to study how COVID-19 mortality varies by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and zip-SES and between the pre-vaccine and vaccine-available periods. Design : Retrospective analysis of all deaths from natural causes. Setting: Indiana and Wisconsin. Participants: All adult decedents from natural causes over the pandemic period from April 2020-March 2022. Exposure: Demographic factors and vaccine availability. Main Outcome and Measures: They report CEMP within sub-populations defined by age, gender, and race/ethnicity during the pre-vaccine (April 2020-March 2021) and vaccine-available (April 2021-March 2022) periods, and odds ratios from multivariable logistic regression. Results: CEMP is broadly similar for men and women and rises gradually with age during the pre-vaccine period, but peaks at age 40-49 during the vaccine-available period. Racial/ethnic disparities can be very high, especially for Hispanics in the pre-vaccine period, with CEMP ratios for Hispanics to non-Hispanic Whites as high as 9:1 for men aged 50-59, and higher for men than for women. CEMP disparities were smaller but substantial for other minorities and declined with age after 60+. Differences in zip-SES and education explain only a small part of these disparities. National results for 2020 are consistent with our Indiana-Wisconsin findings. Conclusions and Relevance: The authors studied COVID-19 mortality using a new measure COVID natural approach is important


A fluid filtering apparatus includes a cylindrical filter element for installation in a filter housing. The filter element includes an end cap having a filter element key and is provided for installation against the biasing force of biasing element in the filter housing. The filter element key is engageable with a filter housing key formed in the filter housing sidewall, wherein engagement of the filter element key and filter housing key restricts filter element movement.


Multi-media in-class teaching has been widely utilized by many Universities as an effective teaching method.However,in the practice,multi-media in-class teaching has not only many advantages but also many shortcomings.Taking Northeast Dianli University as the studying objective,this essay has investigated the multi-media in-class teaching circumstances to learn about the advantages and shortcomings of multi-media teaching,analyze the cause of the existing problems and put forward the problem-solving countermeasures in order to optimize multi-media in-class teaching,make fully use of the advantages of education informational- ized and improve the qualities of teaching and human resource cultivating.


Image processing thresholding algorithms are very extended segmentation tools for tracking applications. The centroid of the tracked image distribution use to be a good point of reference for locating it. In this work we show a new thresholding technique which is based in the estimation of the optimum threshold value for achieving the minimal variance in the calculated centroid for the processed image. One experience was done for evaluating its performance qualities. The direct extension of these results to Shack- Hartmann wave-front sensors advantages and possibilities of application of this technique.


AbstractThe gadolinium single crystal obtained by the Czochralski method was hydrogenated to the composition GdH_0.15, which corresponds to a metal–hydrogen solid solution (α phase). The magnetostriction and magnetocaloric effect were measured for both the initial and hydrogenated samples. It is found that the hydrogen atoms in the hexagonal lattice of gadolinium can affect the magnitude and sign of the magnetostriction constants and cause the anisotropy of the magnetocaloric effect. The main mechanisms responsible for the observed effects are discussed.


A new approach to the calculation of the spatial protein structure based on the joint utilization of the theoretical conformational analysis method and nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) spectroscopy data is proposed and verified. The quality in determining various molecule structural parameters is estimated in terms of the expected NOE spectral parameters derived from the X-ray analysis data of the avian pancreatic polypeptide. The proposed approach is shown to correctly determine such structural parameters of protein molecules as local amino acid residue conformations, reciprocal spatial orientation of the C alpha atoms neighbouring along amino acid sequence and reapproached segments of the polypeptide chain. Spatially remote molecule fragments are mainly responsible for the error in determining structural parameters.


We consider an energy model for harmonic graphs with junctions and study the regularity properties of minimizers and their free boundaries.


Objectives: the study was conducted to determine the optimum age of the fruit at harvest and to evaluate the effect of pre-storage and fermentation on the seeds' agronomic performance of oleaginous Lagenaria siceraria. Methodology and results: Fruits of the "round-fruited" and "blocky-fruited", two cultivars of the species, were harvested at 3 different ages (30, 40 and 50 days after anthesis (DAA)). These fruits were pre-stored during 0, 30 and 60 days after harvest (DAH), and then their seeds were fermented for 0, 5 and 10 days. Seed viability (germination percentage and germination speed index) and seedlings vigor (emergence percentage, emergence speed index, seedling shoot length and seedling dry weight) were significantly (P < 0.001) influenced by each of the three factors. Following the positive interaction of these factors, the best viability and the most vigorous seedlings were obtained with seeds from fruits tardily harvested (50 DAA), pre-stored for a long time (60 DAH) and longer fermented (10 days). The simultaneous variation of the fruit wet weight and the seed color, dry weight and moisture content with their viability and the seedlings vigor indicates that these four parameters can be used as indicators of both cultivars maturity. Conclusions and application of findings: The results suggest that in oleaginous L. siceraria, fruits must be harvested 50 DAA, pre-stored up to 60 DPA. Good agronomic quality seeds must have yellow-orange color and be fermented up to 10 days. Key-words: Lagenaria siceraria, fruit age, pre-storage, seed fermentation, maturity, viability, seedling vigor


Missing data automatic speech recognition (MD-ASR) can utilize the uncertainty of speech enhancement (SE) results without re-training of model parameters. Such uncertainty is represented by a probabilistic evidence model, and the design and the expectation calculation of it are important. Two problems arise in applying the MD approach to utterance-wise ASR based on neural encoder-decoder model: the high-dimensionality of an utterance-wise evidence model and the discontinuity among frames of generated samples in approximating the expectation with Monte-Carlo method. We propose new utterance-wise evidence models using a latent variable and an empirical method for sampling from them. The space of our latent model is restricted by simpler conditional probability density functions (pdfs) given the latent variable, which enables us to generate samples from the low-dimensional space in deterministic or stochastic way. Because the variable also works as a common smoothing parameter among simple pdfs, the generated samples are continuous among frames, which improves the ASR performance unlike frame-wise models. The uncertainty from a neural SE is also used as a component in our mixture pdf models. Experiments showed that the character error rate of the enhanced speech was further improved by 2.5 points on average with our MD-ASR using transformer model.


We present a model for exciton-mediated first-order Raman scattering by longitudinal optical phonons in the presence of surfaces and point defects. It is consistent with the experimental data for all wurtzite structure materials investigated and reviewed here (GaN, InN, ZnO and CdS) and also explains not yet understood observations in the literature. We distinguish between the involvement of elastic scattering by the surface and by point defects in the scattering process. Surface scattering causes the dependence of the line position on the crystal orientation of the excited surface in pure crystals. Point defect scattering is independent of the crystal orientation and appears as an additional contribution in defect-rich crystals. We postulate the polarization properties of these distinct processes which are in good agreement with the experiments and allow us to identify and separate the contributions of these two effects from the polarized spectra.


We define a new dimensionless number, S, to be the ratio of nitrogen supply to nitrogen demand of new primary production in the pelagic ecosystem. When S > 1, we expect high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll (HNLC) conditions. Using the results of a new model of nitrogen input and consump- tion for the mixed layer of the ocean, we calculate S for selected oceanic regimes. Those generally accepted to be HNLC are characterised by S > 1. The bio-optical terms in this model (specific absorp- tion of pigments, parameters of the light-saturation curve) are known to respond to addition of iron. Using these known responses, we recalculated the expected value of S under hypothetical enrich- ments of the selected regimes with iron. In each case, the magnitude of S was reduced, but not always below unity. The maximum value of chlorophyll biomass that can be sustained in a given mixed layer may be calculated from consideration of either the bio-optics or the nitrogen supply. The maximum realised biomass will be the smaller of these 2 estimates.


As a result of the data examination analysis of the blood serum of patients of the RPRC «Mother and Child» for IgM and IgG to herpes simplex virus (HSV) using immunological test systems, the possibility of determining the form of the disease on the basis of a qualitative determination of the concentration of antibodies of the IgM class and quantitative detection of antibodies was proved IgG class, as well as the possibility of determining the duration of HSV infection based on the quantitative determination of IgG antibodies to HSV and the distribution of immunoglobulin titers over concentration ranges, indicating a particular stage in the formation of the immune response


The utility model provides a power cable for a nuclear power station, which comprises one or more strands of conductive and insulated wire cores; and each conductive and insulated wire core is provided with an oxygen-isolation heat-resistant glass fabric packing tape, a protective layer and a radiation-resistant flame-retardant outer protective sleeve from inside to outside. The power cable is characterized in that each strand of conductive and insulated wire cores are provided with a conductor inside; the conductor is wrapped with a mica tape for the insulation, and extruded and wrapped with an organic double-layer insulator; and the organic double-layer insulator is wrapped with a fire-resistant layer. The power cable adopts the structure of the composite insulation layer, the protective layer and the irradiation-resistant layer, and meanwhile utilizes the irradiation-resistant flame-retardant insulation and the irradiation-resistant flame-retardant outer protective sleeve, thereby having irradiation resistance and good flame-retardant performance; and the service life of the novel insulator and the protective sleeve materials, which can resist heat as high as 90 DEG C, is longer than 60 years, so that the power cable conforms to environmental-friendly RoHS of EU, and has low smoke and no halogen. The novel cable is applicable to the nuclear power station.


In order to individualize and personalize digital services, an increasing number of e-commerce providers are exploiting abundant amounts of customer information. Alongside these positive effects, an inherent risk of compromise of customer information arises, resulting in data breaches. Compelled by regulations, companies are obliged to notify their customers. Previous literature indicates that different data breach response strategies can mitigate the negative effects of these security incidents. Drawing on data breach and conversational agent (CA) research, we theorize that the manner in which a data breach is communicated is equally relevant. We test our developed hypotheses in an online experiment (n=89). Our results show that explaining a data breach increases customer satisfaction. Simultaneously, we reveal that CAs lend themselves as a tool to positively influence this degree of explanation. Our work provides novel insights into the centrality of explanation in a data breach response and their positive correlation with CAs.


In recent years, the relationship between Thailand and Japan has become closer and closer in several respects, such as economy and trade, tourism and cultural exchange. In addition, more and more young Thai people are studying Japanese in accordance with a greater number of Japanese companies conducting business in large cities such as Bangkok and Chiang Mai. Under such circumstances, the primary concern of this paper is to look for ways in which Japanese and Thais can communicate more effectively. The discussion is initially based on two kinds of questionnaires conducted in Bangkok – one for Thai students of the Japanese language and the other for Japanese business people and their spouses. The answers to these questionnaires illuminate the following: the image Thai people hold of Japan and Japanese people; the image Japanese people hold of Thailand and Thai people; and what Japanese think Thai people believe about Japan and Japanese people.


The purpose of the article is to present European norms aimed at improving the skills of translators working for various European Union Institutions. Although the norms have been widely discussed on the international level the author of the article feels that not all relevant information pertaining to the matter in hand may be known to the philologists worldwide. Therefore, the article provides further information on the criteria and puts special emphasis on discerning two basic aspects of improving translator's education; teaching translation competence as against developing linguistic competence.


This article examines the BBC Scotland series The Omega Factor (1979), with a view to illustrating the ways in which the series used its supernatural genre to interrogate the ideological transitions of its era. In particular, the article will examine the ways in which Scotland's cultural landscape and history is misrecognised through the eyes of characters from the metropolitan English centre, who journey into a Kristevan uncanny in their experience of otherness in Scottish characters and landscapes. The ways in which The Omega Factor diverged from generic precedents set by contemporary English supernatural series of the time will also be illustrated, particularly with regard to ideological subtext and notions of decentred history.


We present a simple passive particle transport model applied to the upper estuary, where the flow is primarily fluvia l yet maintains a tidal signal. A review of the linearized governing equations of fluid motion indicate that the along channel decay in the tidal velocity amplitude is controlled by river discharge, friction and wave propagation speed. The equations further reveal a characteristic length scale that defines the along channel decay in the tidal signal. These results are exploited to build a simple 1-D passive transport model for a river dominated by a constant discharge velocity superimposed on a spatially varying tide. Comparisons between the theoretical decay rate in tidal velocity amplitude and measurements from the upper estuary of the Gre at Pee Dee River located in South Carolina, USA agree well. Furthermore, model predictions of the maximum excursion for a particle that rides only the flood tide compare favorably to the average upriver postlarvae settlement boundary of the red-jointed fiddler crab Uca minax . Therefore, the model is a convenient tool that can be easily integrated into GIS to help planners predict habitat boundaries of aquatic species that use tidal transport to colonize the upper regions of tidally influenced rivers.


Correlation between environmental factors and genetic diversity of 23 populations throughout the distribution range of Notopterygium incisum was examined using nuclear internal transcribed spacer gene fragment (ITS) and chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) rpl20-rps12 intergenic spacer. A total of 635 nucleotides of ITS were sequenced from 343 individuals. 26 haplotypes were defined by 26 variable sites. A total of 772 nucleotides of rpl20-rps12were sequenced from 253 individuals. 30 haplotypes were defined by 26 variable sites. Based on cpDNA rpl20-rps12 region, the correlations between the haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity and environmental factors were all non-significant. However, based on ITS sequences, a significant positive relationship was observed between haplotype diversity and ammonium nitrogen, annual average rainfall and elevation, as well as between nucleotide diversity and ammonium nitrogen and annual average rainfall. Synchronously, significant negative relationships were observed between haplotype diversity and latitude and variation coefficient of rainfall, as well as between nucleotide diversity and latitude. Latitude, elevation, annual average rainfall, variation coefficient of rainfall and ammonium nitrogen were the dominant factors that influenced the genetic diversity of N. incisum. The genetic diversity of N. incisum tended to increase in the environment with lower latitude, more rainfall, more ammonium nitrogen, higher elevation and a more stable climate.


| In this paper we show an algebraic approach for the design of ladder structures for causal bi-orthogonal lter banks. The key ingredient of the approach is known in literature as Euclid's algorithm. Using this algorithm we derive some strong result on the design freedom for ladder structures. In particular we show that the dimensionality of the problem plays an important role. We end by with some conjectures concerning the extensions to multi-channel and non-causal lter banks. In this article, we use the following notations. With F we denote any of the sets Q, R or C , i.e. any of the sets of rational, real or complex numbers 1. With K we denote any of the sets of integer (Z), rational, real or complex numbers. The set of polynomials in m variables with coeecients from K will be denoted by K m. A matrix over K m is a 2 2 matrix with entries from K m. space of digital signals over an m-dimensional space-time domain Z m with typical elements X or X(z). The symbols z in the notation x i z ?i or X(z) denotes an m-dimensional variable (z 1 ; : : :; z m). The Dirac pulse j 2 Z m is the signal P i x i z ?i with x i = 1 if i = j and zero otherwise. The dimensionality m will usually be suppressed in the remainder of this article. For any m-dimensional variable z = (z 1 ; : : :; z m), any scalar k and any vector v = (v 1 ; : : :; v m), the notations z k and z v denote the expressions (z k 1 ; : : :; z k m) and Q i z vi i respectively. For an introduction to these notations, see 1]. F(z ?e X(z)) = z ?e F(X(z)), is called a lter. A lter F is completely speciied by its impulse response F(0). By abuse of notation we will not always distinguish between a lter and its impulse response. In this paper we assume that all our lters are causal and Finite Impulse Response (FIR), i.e. we assume that the impulse response F(z) is of the form F(z) = N(z ?1), where N(x) is an m-dimensional polynomial. Hence, up to a change of variable, we can identify the space of causal FIR lters with the space …


Compression of the celiac trunc commonly occurs in young men and women as well. Most of the patients suffering from this rare disease derive from a large pool of people having diffuse and chronic abdominal complaints including epigastric pain, post-prandial abdominal pain and diarrhea leading to weight loss. Aim of the study was the finding of true criteria which can guarantee a successful operative procedure. A major issue in preoperative assessment is color flow Duplex imaging of the celiac axis. The most important finding aside from clinical symptoms is a peak flow in the celiac axis of more than 200 cm/s during inspiration


The signal strength measurement of the pp$\rightarrow$VH(H \rightarrow bb) at a center of mass energy
of pp collision of 13 TeV is presented in this thesis. The data have been collected with the
ATLAS detector in 2015, 2016 and 2017 data taking corresponding to an integrated luminosity
of 79.8 fb-1. The analysis has been performed in three different channels distinguished
according to the number of charged leptons in the final state coming from the leptonical
decay of the associated vector boson. The measured signal strength, with respect to the
Standard Model expectation, is $\mu_VH(H$\rightarrow bb$)=1.08+0.27-0.31 (from the combination of three analysis
channels) with an observed significance with the background-only hypothesis, of 4.9$\sigma$, with respect to an expected value of 4.3.
The iteration of the analysis with the full Run2 statistics (139 fb-1) is also treated, with particular
attention to the main innovations introduced with respect to the previous analyisis.
A description of a phenomenological study of the total proton-proton cross section and
$\rho$-parameter (defined as the ratio of the real to imaginary part of the elastic scattering amplitude
in the forward direction) is also presented.
LUCID-2 is the reference detector for online and offline luminosity measurements for ATLAS.
It is described with particular attention to the PMT gain monitoring system where I
developed a code for the analysis of the calibration data.


Many Lenin monuments remain in cities around the former Soviet republics and a few national or regional authorities have decreed it against the law to deface or remove them. The Lenin monument in Bishkek, capital city of the Kyrgyz Republic, is an example of both policies. On two main counts, however, the fate of this particular bronze statue of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin has been unusual. Only in the Kyrgyz case was the country's central Lenin monument left untouched for over a decade after the collapse of communism, a decree for its preservation as a national treasure being put in force as late as 2000. And, when, in 2003, the government after all decided to remove the monument, it was then relocated only some 100 yards from its original location. These twin issues of timing and new spatial framing offer a window on the relationship between state ideology and politics in the Kyrgyz Republic. I propose to use an official ideology approach to understand the Kyrgyz ruling elite's ideological relationship to the Lenin monument after the collapse of communism.


This is the report describing works in the research topic: Wireless Sensor Network to Satellite Interface during the 5 months internship at Lab-STICC, CNRS, UMR 6285, University of Bretagne Occidentale. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) currently is a solution for many practical problems in emergency and environment controlling. Obviously, WSN is deployed in many regions and works effectively to monitor weather conditions or to predict, prevent the effects of environment. According to the development of space technologies, especially in satellite technology, i.e pico satellite (CubeSat), there are several opportunities in cooperation between satellite and WSN to control remotely the distant WSN, i.e ocean, desert. Therefore, it is very important to develop and experiment in simulation level to explore the potentials and reduce the risks for the data communication between satellite and isolated WSN. During the internship, we focus into building network toplogy, modeling the interaction between satellite and WSNs, developing several protocol algorithms and experiment at simulation level. There are five chapters are presented respectively in this report. Chapter 1 Introduction presents the context of internship work as well as the motivation and objective of research. Chapter 2 Satellite to sensor field system presents several industrial satellite systems and low cost satellite systems with CubeSat. An abstract interaction for satellite communication with a specified scenario and the building of network structure are described respectively. Chapter 3 Mobile and fixed interaction algorithms designs three distributed algorithms for synchronous WSN and evaluates the computing performance, power consumption in Occam environment. Chapter 4 Memory management and simulation on GPGPU describes how the shared memory is managed on GPGPU for the simulation based on three verified algorithms. It also presents the data transaction and execution management controller for the simulation in realtime. Chapter 5 Conclusion and discussion concludes the contributions of research as well as the future work plan. Acknowledgements Special thanks to professor Bernard Pottier as well as my closed friend Pierre-Yves and all of colleagues in Lab-STICC, UBO. I am very appreciated for your supports in not only research activities but also in my daily life in France. The last, but not less important is my family, thanks for always be my side and encourage me during my time at USTH and UBO. Nguyen Huu Van Long, Brest, France, 29/09/14


This is the third edition of the best-selling AP Computer Science exam prep book. Thorough review chapters cover all of the A- and AB-level material and the GridWorld case study. Includes five complete practice exams, three A and two AB, with no overlap.


In this paper, a wideband magnetoelectric (ME) dipole antenna with wide beamwidth both in the E-plane and H-plane is investigated. The proposed antenna, which is a differential one, has a simple structure and can realize wide beamwidth in the E-plane and H-plane in whole operating bandwidth. This antenna is easy to manufacture and low cost. The antenna consists of a pair of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Gamma$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-shaped metal plates, a <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Gamma$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-shaped fed line, and six metal columns. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Gamma$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-shaped metal plates and metal columns change the current distribution which changes the radiation performance of the proposed antenna. Some parameters, which effect on the performances of the antenna, are studied. The proposed antenna achieves the impedance bandwidth (≤−10 dB) of about 81.1% (3.3–7.8 GHz). The half-power beamwidth (HPBW) of the proposed antenna is obviously broadened. The HPBW is 215° in the E-plane and 186° in the H-plane at 5.5 GHz. Besides, the cross polarization of the antenna is very low. The antenna is fabricated and measured to verify the design. The measured results are in good agreements with the simulated one. Good radiation characteristics of the new ME dipole antenna have been obtained in the whole frequency band.


A novel solution of the free vibration problem formulated for a shallow sandwich cylindrical panel with fully clamped edges is presented in the paper. Based on this solution, an analytical formula for the fundamental frequency is derived. The panel vibrations are modelled using the engineering theory of laminated cylindrical shells taking into account the transverse shear deformations. The governing equations derived in terms of the panel displacements, deflections and angles of rotation of the normal element, are solved using the Galerkin method. The functions approximating the shape of the vibrating panel are obtained based on the analysis of the bending deformation of clamped–clamped sandwich beam subjected to a uniformly distributed inertial load. The analytical formula is applied to calculations of the fundamental frequencies for sandwich panels with various structural parameters. The results of these calculations have been successfully verified using the finite element method and implemented in the design analysis of sandwich panels considering a constraint imposed on the value of their fundamental frequency.


The reaction rate for the reaction 2SiO 2 +SiC=3SiO+CO has been measured for various polymorphs of SiO 2 , for various gas atmospheres and in a temperature area from 1923-2273K (1650-2000 °C). It has previously been theorized that cristobalite has a higher reaction rate compared to quartz, but it was found that there was no difference between the polymorphs quartz or cristobalite. The activation energy was found to be between 424-464kJ/mole and the reaction rate was found to be expressed by the equation where α is the fraction of the sample reacted, varying from 0 to 1. The term 1.9·10 8 represent the reaction area times the reaction constant. 2 determines the reaction rate or 5 1.9 10 3.24 10 ( ) sic cm A SiC g = ⋅ ⋅ if the SiC determines the reaction area. In some of the experiments the SiO 2 :SiC ratio was measured after the experiment and it was seen that some side reactions, like elemental silicon formation, would also take place.


Most of the polymers with mesogenic groups in side- or main-chains are liquid-crystalline in nature. One can observe a lot of similarities in the mesophase structure types, orientational order parameter, anisotropy of optical, electrical and magnetical properties of polymer and low-molecular-weight liquid crystals. At the same time the presence of backbones contributes some peculiarities and limitations to their behavior.


The development of the arid Valley Bushveld to its full potential is discussed. Boer goats and Dorpers select forage of different quality within this veld type. In addition, Dorpers are chiefly grazers while Boer goats are browsers. The results show that more browsers can be maintained per unit area than grazers and that the productivity of the browse can easily be overestimated. It appears further that the stocking rate corresponding to maximum production per animal is closer to the biological optimum than that at maximum production per hectare. Through multiple utilization of the Valley Bushveld, overall production per unit area can be significantly increased. Keywords: effective utilisations|Valley Bushveld|arid environments|development|goats|sheep|foraging biases|veld types|grazers|browsers|productivity|stocking rates|stocking densities|production


A contemporary trend is providing people with wholesome foods enriched with vitamins and microelements by improving food products' composition by addition of functional ingredients. This trend may be successfully achieved by innovative solutions related to the technologies of cheese products. One of the most promisive ways to increase significantly nutrition value and consumptional properties of cheese product is based on the enrichment of cheese by dairy-protein and berry raw materials. The modernization of the technical process consists in the fact that the process of milk-protein clot coagulation is carried out by processed berries. The process needs to be carried out under the strict observation of microbiological parameters. Similarly the product stability should be rigorously kept during its storage. Since the products' organoleptic, physico-chemical properties and their shelf-life depend on initial contamination, composition and state of bacterial flora, these indicators should also be controlled. Taking into account the above mentioned aspects, the effect of black currant as coagulant in the form of frozen milled berries in homogenized and sterilized puree on development of bacterial flora (lactic acid microorganisms, yeasts and moulds) in dairy-protein products during storage was examined. Safety and compliance with the regulatory requirements of received samples are proven. The positive impact on dairy-protein foundation' stability and quality of berry coagulant is proven.It was confirmed that the use of black currant in homogenized puree which has stable indicators is more appropriate and safe.


Let C.R/ denote the center of a ring R and g.x/ be a polynomial of ring C.R/Œx. An element r 2 R is called "g.x/-clean" if r D sCu where g.s/D 0 and u is a unit of R and R is g.x/-clean if every element is g.x/-clean. In this paper, we introduce the concept of g.x/-full clean rings and study various properties of them. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 16U60; 16U99; 13A99


Women with children face unique social and spatial challenges when it comes to balancing the substantial responsibilities of graduate student life with those of raising children and managing a household. We use our own experiences with graduate school as a case study. We interpret our experiences with the aid of a gendered structure-agency framework. This framework synthesizes two approaches: a gender perspective and the structure-agency model to understand the social construction of gender and the way that it empowers and constrains women in similar circumstances. Ultimately, we try to make sense of the ways that our pursuit of graduate studies and our persistent belief in our important role as mothers altered the spatial and social geographies of our lives and those of our families in substantive ways.


AS one of the thirteen branches of Chinese painting, the origin of the boundary painting was recorded in Jin Dynasty. It became special painting in Sui and Tang Dynasty, and then arrived at its climax in Song and Yuan times. But with the appearance and monopoly of the literate painting, it was ignored gradually and even called as "a carpenter painting". Today the boundary painting is nearly lifeless, so we should carry on its excellence and develop it with time feature, which not only has an active significance, but also enriches painting forms.


A Japanese macaque infant with metabolic disease was investigated expressing a high amount of nonlinear phenomena by Gemery researchers in 2000. America researchers found that the change of vibratory frequency on the yeast cell wall from growth to death, stimulated by alcohol or had developed into the malignant phase in 2002. Sonocytology was build. The study was reported in Science in August 2004.Medical application is already being pursued. Someday, listening to the sounds of your cells might tell a doctor, before symptoms occur, whether you are healthy or not. The theory of Five Zang-organs Harmonize Pitch, the lost theory and technology in Huang Di Nei Jing, is one of the diagnosis and treatment devices of Traditional Chinese Medicine and is similar with the modern research of sonocytology.


The validation of the DLR Navier-Stokes solver for prediction of flows around Supersonic Commercial Transport (SCT) is reviewed. Aeroelastic effects in supersonic flow experiment are demonstrated numerically. Mesh density and turbulence model effects on flow topology and aerodynamic coefficients at transonic and subsonic speeds are described.


1. Introduction Synchrotron sources have proven to be immensely important research tools throughout the biological, physical and engineering sciences. This is illustrated by the fact that most issues of Science or Nature are likely to contain articles which depended on synchrotron radiation (SR). Worldwide , about 70 SR sources are in various stages of operation, construction, or planning, representing a cumulative investment which is estimated to be approaching $10B. This has been driven by a very large and diverse user community which, worldwide, is on the order of 10,000 and still growing rapidly. New, large-scale science initiatives are being planned which absolutely require SR (e.g., structural genomics). SR is here to stay.


The construction of the biggest sludge digestion tank in Asia nowadays is introduced,the sludge treatment,the choice of sludge digestion craft and digestion tank,construction technique characteristic and the examination in urban sewage treatment plant,that is closely related with project implement,are summarized the design,and the construction or operation is offered for reference to the other urban sewage treatment plants.


Nanoimprint and a number of other related techniques are a collection of surface patterning technologies that involve direct contact of a master template with the target surface. As such, they are governed by the laws of contacting bodies, and the mechanics involved can readily be investigated by existing indentation methods or close variants thereof. Among the many demonstrated applications of nanoimprint, lithographic resist processing has generated considerable interest due to its combination of high resolution with rapid throughput over wide areas. Pattern transfer can be achieved by the application of heat and pressure to the stamp (hot embossing), or solely by the generation of shear stress at the contact (cold forming.) In both cases we have found that elastic and viscoplastic strains are present during the forming process, the former of which can considerably alter the characteristics of the pattern transfer. The use of depth sensing instrumented indentation in conjunction with specially designed stamps and a variety of microscopy techniques has allowed us to isolate, control, and measure many of the stresses and strains directly during the imprint process. Further, in a more standard role, the indenter can be used to characterize the mechanical properties of imprinted structures. In this paper we summarize our experimental findings and conclusions on the role of important factors influencing the fidelity of the imprint process including elastic stresses, plastic deformation mechanisms, complexities in the confined deformation rheology, and choices in the form of applied stress. These are illustrated by a series of idealized experiments ranging from the squeeze flow of prepared coupons to the flat punch indentation of thin films and back extrusion into isolated cavities. A connection between these more localized experiments and the established findings and requirements of applications such as wide area lithography and functional polymer patterning will be made to establish the concept of "instrumented imprint".


Complete sample digestion is a prerequisite to achieve accurate and precise results of elemental concentrations and isotopic compositions in Ti-bearing minerals of interest, such as refractory rutile. In this study,...


The campaign to expand physical activity options for our youth takes many forms, but by far the most frequent tool for change is state legislation. This journal contains several reviews of legislative efforts throughout the country that are building momentum for active living in our towns, cities, and states. As a public health professional by training and a Maine state legislator by election, I have been personally active in advocacy efforts for more than 25 years. I can attest that legislators are influenced by a wide range of factors, some not so admirable. In the case of physical activity, epidemiological data and mounting research evidence are important but not always central to legislative decision-making. Other issues come into play as well, such as pressure from constituents, progress of legislation in other states, public awareness and acceptance, pressure from peer legislators, budget constraints, opposition by prominent lobby groups, and threats to local control (particularly salient in Yankee New England). Advocacy for new physical activity policy can certainly start with urging legislators to "do the right thing" (address a pressing need with evidence-based approaches) but will falter unless advocates are aware of and plan for those other influences that can sway a legislator's decision to approve or defeat a bill. During the past few decades, Maine's most effective public health campaigns have displayed six common components. These campaigns have built on important research findings from the field but have also prepared for the other, less scientific issues that capture politicians' attention.


Dirac semimetals, e.g., ZrTe5 and HfTe5, have been widely investigated and have exhibited various exotic physical properties. Nevertheless, several properties of these compounds, including diamagnetism, are still unclear. In this study, we measured the temperature- and field-dependent diamagnetism of ZrTe5 and HfTe5 along all three crystallographic axes (a-, b-, and c-axis). The temperature-dependent magnetization shows an anomaly, which is a characteristic of Dirac crossing. Diamagnetic signal reaches the highest value of 17.3 × 10−4 emu mol−1 Oe−1 along the van der Waals layers, i.e., the b-axis. However, the diamagnetism remains temperature-independent along the other two axes. The field-dependent diamagnetic signal grows linearly without any sign of saturation and maintains a large value along the b-axis. Interestingly, the observed diamagnetism is anisotropic like other physical properties of these compounds and is strongly related to the effective mass, indicating the dominating contribution of orbital diamagnetism in Dirac semimetals induced by interband effects. ZrTe5 and HfTe5 show one of the largest diamagnetic value among previously reported state-of-the-art topological semimetals. Our present study adds another important experimental aspect to characterize nodal crossing and search for other topological materials with large magnetic susceptibility.


Abstract
In a prospective study (1989–1992) of pulmonary nodules/masses and/or mediastinal/hilar lesions, 329 patients underwent transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) using a cytology or a histology needle with or without fluoroscopy via flexible bronchoscopy as the initial procedure to sample mediastinal lesions (169) or lung lesions (160). TBNA established the diagnosis of malignant or benign disease in 68.1% (224 patients). The diagnostic yield was 89.3% (151/169) for mediastinal and 45.6% (73/160) for lung lesions without abnormal mediastinal/hilar areas. The undiagnosed patients (105) underwent transthoracic needle aspiration (TTNA) using a 19-gauge needle under fluoroscopy or computed tomography guidance. TTNA established the diagnosis in 69.5% (73). The diagnostic yield was 83.3% (15/18) for mediastinal lesions and 66.7% (58/87) for lung lesions. Benign disease was diagnosed by TBNA in 8.8% (20/224) and by TTNA in 23% (17/73). The benign disease most commonly diagnosed by TBNA was sarcoidosis, and TTNA was most useful in diagnosing various benign lung lesions. Neither TBNA nor TTNA established the diagnosis in 9.7% (32). Overall diagnostic rates for TBNA and TTNA were 68.1 and 22.2%, respectively. The combined diagnostic rate was 90.3%. There were no complications from TBNA but TTNA was complicated by pneumothorax in 20%. We suggest that TBNA should be the diagnostic procedure of choice in patients with mediastinal/hilar lesions. BNA and TTNA are complementary procedures.


This memo discusses the use of the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) in building sensors and other devices that employ cellular networks as a communications medium. Building communicating devices that employ these networks is obviously well known, but this memo focuses speci fi cally on techniques necessary to minimize power consumption.


The presence of a silversmith called Consoli Blanch, who came from Strasbourg in the Germanic Empire, it's testified in the area of the Aragon Crown, in the last quarter of 14th century. Although his works are disappeared, archive documents inform us about his production for the Aragon royal court, the archbishop of Zaragoza Lope Fernandez de Luna, chapters and bishops of Lleida and Tortosa, and finally for the kings of Navarra. This article offers the revision of published documentation and the analysis of new researches, becoming an approximation to the artistic grandeur of this master.


A deductive system for database normalization is implemented by using a Flora-2 reasoning engine. The system allows for checking a relational schema up to Boyce-Codd normal form (BCNF) and functional independent normal form (FINF). Examples of system usage are presented and discussed.


The present invention relates to a substrate and a method of manufacturing a printed circuit having metal bumps, and more particularly, had have a certain height, the metal bumps can be formed with fine pitches because it directly connected to the circuit pattern without any bump pads a printed circuit board having and to a method of manufacturing the same. A metal bump, a carrier groove, bump


A 66-year-old retired man was referred to a regional hospital for investigation of a prolonged illness characterised by a 9-month history of profound lethargy, loss of appetite, episodic explosive watery diarrhoea without blood or mucus, and weight loss of 45 kg, resulting in a body mass index of 19 kg/m2. His functional status had deteriorated such that he was mostly bed-bound and required a walking stick to mobilise. The patient's syndrome had been extensively investigated in the outpatient setting by other clinicians in the region without any causative abnormality identified.


Given the parallel processing capabilities of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), many applications are exploiting GPUs and cryptographic systems have also begun to leverage GPUs to accelerate encryption/decryption. Recent work has identified how microarchitectural side-channel attacks can be carried out on AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) by exploiting the SIMT characteristics and memory coalescing of GPUs. In this work, we first show that previously proposed correlation-based side-channel attacks are not feasible on modern GPUs that support narrower data-cache accesses via a sectored-cache microarchitecture–resulting in memory accesses from different levels of the memory hierarchy. In comparison, we identify how negative timing correlation can occur in modern GPUs when data is fetched from different levels of the cache hierarchy. We then propose Trident - a hybrid cache-collision timing attack on GPUs that can fully recover all AES key bytes on modern GPUs. Cache collisions in GPUs present challenges due to the large number of threads and the number of samples required. To address these challenges, Trident consists of three different components - negative timing correlation, cache-collision attack, and chosen plaintext attack. We leverage the negative timing correlation to recover earlier key bytes of AES while exploiting cache-collision attacks for the latter AES key bytes. To enable GPU cache collision attacks, we exploit memory coalescing to control the number of memory accesses through chosen-plaintext attacks to significantly reduce the number of timing samples needed. Our proposed Trident attack results in over 10× reduction in the number of samples needed to recover the key bytes compared with prior work, while still being successful in full AES key recovery in modern GPUs. We also propose TridentShield - a latency-based countermeasure to the Trident attack that minimizes throughput degradation in GPUs.


A major defect limiting the shelf life of minimally processed lettuce is wound-induced enzymatic browning, caused by the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD). Regarding the inhibition of enzymatic browning, several studies considered mild heat shock as an effective alternative for the use of chemical additives. Preliminary tests were conducted to study the effect of heat shock (treatment temperature ranging from 30 to 60 °C and treatment time ranging from 30 to 150 sec) on the sensory characteristics (general appearance, discoloration and texture) of excised midrib segments of Iceberg lettuce. Based on the observations of these experiments, specific treatment temperatures (30, 40, 45 and 50 °C) and one treatment time (60 sec) were selected for more detailed studies. The effect of heat treatment was evaluated on specific days (day 0, 1, 2, 3, 7 and 10) during storage (7 °C) by determining the browning potential and analyzing the activity of PAL, PPO and POD. A heat shock treatment of 60 seconds at 50 °C was found to be most effective in inhibiting enzymatic browning with little or no negative effects on the sensory characteristics of Iceberg lettuce. Compared to the control tissue (4 °C – 60 sec), the activity of both PAL and POD did not increase after wounding and remained at their initial levels up to 10 days after processing and heat shock treatment (50 °C – 60 sec), while the activity of PPO seemed unaffected. Exposure to 45 °C or lower temperatures had little or no effect on all measured enzymes. Mild heat shock treatment seems promising, but remains an energy-consuming (washing) step when applied in the food process chain. Therefore, in a second phase, research on the enzymatic browning issues can be focused on the identification of natural compounds (e.g. extracted from waste streams) with an equally effective anti-browning activity.


In permafrost regions, many methods about active cooling embankment are put forward, one of these representations is ventilated embankment, its cooling effect is the result of the air convection in the duct, and this leads to reducing the annual average ground temperature. The present work in this article is to determine the boundary conditions of the ventilated embankment and natural ground in numerical work. There are several effects which influence boundary conditions, they are: radiation, evaporation, phase change, convection and embankment material etc. Radiation and convection are the main effects in those. We mainly consider sun radiation in this article. The added-surface effect in ventilated embankment lowers its temperature, so the temperature on the wall of the ventilated embankment is different from the temperature in atmosphere. There are two methods in determining the surface temperature, experimental method and experiential method. Detailed research is discussed in the article.


Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia caused by β-cells destruction and/or insulin resistance. Okara, a byproduct of soybean, contains high amount of dietary fiber (50%), protein (25%), fat (10%), vitamins, and phytochemical components including isoflavones and soyasaponins and has drawn particular attention to its positive benefits on health as a source of fiber-rich food that can help people with diabetes. This review aimed to assemble data as a detailed summary of the health benefits of okara for the management of diabetes mellitus. This review was carried out by identifying relevant literature published from 2010 to 2023 by searching electronic databases. Okara can control diabetes by reducing body weight and delaying digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, thereby increasing satiety and decreasing blood glucose levels. To sum up, okara consumption as a functional food ingredient is beneficial in the management of diabetes.


The Multi-channel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW) method is a shallow seismic method which may complement the traditional seismic refraction method used in engineering applications. Introducing this newly-developed method, this paper presents a case history of an MASW survey in a tailings dam, where the original topography has been covered with tailings (red mud) from an aluminium refinery over the years. An eight-line 3.6 kilometre MASW survey was carried out in the tailings dam of Queensland Alumina Limited in Boyne Island near Gladstone, Queensland to estimate the depth of the competent layer for construction of a new tailings dam wall. The field procedure used was similar to the off-end shooting method used for seismic reflection surveys. This was further simplified by the use of a purpose-built 24-channel land streamer. The seismic source was a weight dropping system mounted on a vehicle, which drops a 50kg steel weight from a height of 0.8 metres. The recording system used was a Seistronix RAS-24 seismograph. The data were analysed and inverted using the SurfSeis software by Kansas Geological Survey. The depths of the original surface and underlying clay are profiled in terms of their S-wave velocities. The result shows the effectiveness of the MASW method even where velocity reversals are present.


The invention discloses a medicine for treating bronchitis. The medicine comprises bulk drugs in parts by weight as follows: 15-25 parts of sericea lespedeza, 10-15 parts of willowleaf swallowwort rhizome, 5-10 parts of pungent litsea fruit and 8-12 parts of mulberry leaf. A mixture of the sericea lespedeza by weight, the willowleaf swallowwort rhizome by weight and the mulberry leaf by weight is decocted with water for 40-60 min with the ratio of the mixture to the water being 1:4, dregs are filtered out, the solution is decocted into paste, and then the pungent litsea fruit by weight is processed into 100-mesh fine powder and synthetized with the paste into pills. The medicine is short in taking time, instant in effect, low in recurrence rate and free of toxic and side effects when being used for treating the bronchitis.


Hybrid materials of polymers and cadmium selenide nanocrystals (CdSe-NCs) were produced through a layer-by-layer deposition technique. Polymer series comprises sulfonic, phosphonic, and carboxylic acids; pyridine- and amine-based polymers; and some related bipolar amphiphiles, including a dithiol. Nonaqueous dispersions of amine- and oleate-capped CdSe-NCs with 3, 4, and 5 nm diameters were used. Polymers and CdSe-NCs are alternately deposited on indium-tin-oxide/glass surfaces. CdSe-NCs layers undergo a sharp and irreversible electroxidation process in acetonitrile corresponding to the passage of two electrons per CdSe unit. The multilayer build-up, monitored by UV−vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry, shows an increase in the film absorbance and oxidation stripping charge proportional with the number of adsorbed CdSe layers and with the particle diameter. Layer formation rate by acids follows their acidity, with thiols being much slower than sulfonic, phosphonic, or carboxylic acids. The semiconducto...


Objective:To investigate the role of health management nurse diversified health management in the hospital played a pivotal role.Methods:Analyze of the role of health management nurses should have the quality of diversity in the new situation.Results:With the shift of medical services,content and scope of services constantly extended and expanded,the health management nurse to high professional ethics,deep humanistic quality,good psychological quality,solid theoretical foundation,excellent nursing skills,good self-image,has become a tradition different from the hospital department clinical nurse closed the new general care professionals should possess the quality of its diversified role in the play,greatly enhancing the health of the hospital management level and service quality.Conclusion:21 century is the era of knowledge economy various health care reform is gradual,nurses only by fully understanding the characteristics of the times,constantly improve their knowledge structure and ability to structure,change the concept,change ways of thinking about a new care concept,the nursing and health care and way of life,to knowledge and modern methods have been combined in the health management based on the role of diversity,with strong and colleges to promote the smooth operations of the hospital and health management to health management in hospitals and play a more important role in society.


Determination of the marine terminal location as a rule occurs during pre-design studies, long before investment decision of project realization is taken. Decision of the marine terminal location should have technical and economic justification. Risks of downtime and inefficient use of terminal production capacities increase in case of incorrect geographical location of terminal. Effective terminal operation time can be significantly reduced due to the presence of negative external factors, first of all, natural and climatic conditions. To compensate risks of inefficient use of the marine terminal production capacities the mathematical model for the marine terminal working time budget assessment developed using Monte-Carlo simulation is proposed. The main point of MonteCarlo method for solving specific problem of assessment the working time budget of the terminal is repeated generation of realization values of external factors impeded the terminal operation and subsequent assessment of these factors influence on the effective time of terminal operation. The following external factors are considered in the paper: wind, temperature, fog, ice conditions, equipment malfunctions. The basics of the Monte-Carlo method are briefly described in the article; the process of the input parameters preparation is stated in detail; an algorithm of model operation is documented; the simulation results are well shown and the appropriate conclusions are made. The main result received during modeling is the range of coefficient values of using of working time budget of the marine terminal. The coefficient values can be one of the arguments at decision making on location and layout of the marine terminal. The calculation is made on example of liquefied natural gas and gas condensate shipment berthes, located in Sabetta sea port, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, Russia.


The Hungarian Government decided on the establishment of the South Transdanubian Economic Development Zone. The identification of the areas formed by clustering settlements of similar features will help better target development goals and funds to the region. The development concepts of the counties (forming the region) were reviewed and each of the 656 settlements of the region were put into categories. The categories were formed according to the county concepts; classification of the space followed all of the area classifications mentioned in them: development goals, priorities, strategic categories or sectoral targets. It has been found that 291 settlements have not been targeted by the county concepts at all. Further 177 ones are classified as deprived areas either because of their peripheral situation or their underdevelopment status by law. 62 settlements are mentioned as ones to be targeted with either economic development programmes or classified as growth zones. The latter category consists of 26 settlements, which are either growth, industrial, innovative or logistic centres according to the development concepts. Tourism related developments are targeted and may be outbreak points in 176 settlements. The threat to the development of rural areas due to shrinking medium sized cities must be addressed. Our review and classification of South Transdanubian Region's settlements adds the value of the multifaceted approach through the application of the county development concepts.


Many studies have been conducted on the ways of promoting willingness to communicate in learners in EFL/ESL contexts. While different scholars have undertaken studies on many of these variables, few of these studies have aimed at EFL university students in Iran. This study reports on the role of international posture and perceived communication behavior on Iranian EFL learners' communication in English. The participants who accepted to attend the survey completed questionnaires on WTC, international posture and perceived communication behaviors. The results driven based on this research indicated that Iranian English BA students are generally tended to speak in English. The participants' willingness to communicate in English was found to have a significant relationship with their perceived communication behaviors and international posture. The findings of this study will be beneficial for various policy makers and practitioners, including those dealing with curriculum development and teacher education to focus more on the elements influencing communication in English. Many studies have been conducted on the ways of promoting willingness to communicate in learners in EFL/ESL contexts. While different scholars have undertaken studies on many of these variables, few of these studies have aimed at EFL university students in Iran. This study reports on the role of international posture and perceived communication behavior on Iranian EFL learners' communication in English. The participants who accepted to attend the survey completed questionnaires on WTC, international posture and perceived communication behaviors. The results driven based on this research indicated that Iranian English BA students are generally tended to speak in English. The participants' willingness to communicate in English was found to have a significant relationship with their perceived communication behaviors and international posture. The findings of this study will be beneficial for various policy makers and practitioners, including those dealing with curriculum development and teacher education to focus more on the elements influencing communication in English.


This study aims to reinterpret Jeonggwanheon(靜觀軒) in terms of its use and architectural style after restoration work through the recently discovered [Deoksugung Palace's original plan](1915). It is presupposed that the existing interpretation of Jeonggwanheon, such as its status...


An oxidation model for semicrystalline polyolefins, proposed by Gugumus and seen as a superposition of homogeneous and heterogeneous oxidation of amorphous domains, is discussed. Failure of Gugumus' theory of oxidation in regard to the explanation of experimental data is shown. Peculiarities of the oxidation from literature data are suggested to be explicable by a model based on a fine (microheterogeneous) structure of amorphous domains. A suitable heterophase model of oxidation of polymers is proposed.


The electric heating characteristics of thermoelectric units refer to the coupling relationship between the generating power P and the steam extraction volume G of the unit for external heating. The heat supply forms of directly regulated public thermoelectric units mainly include steam extraction condensing heat supply and back pressure circulating water heat supply. Through the research on the electrothermal coupling characteristics of different types of thermoelectric units, we can master the electric load output range of thermoelectric units in the heating season, provide data support for the power grid dispatching department, effectively promote the consumption of new energy, and ensure the smooth and orderly supply of electric energy.


Urbanization is continuous worldwide phenomenon which influenced by various economic activities. This study aimed to assess driving reasons and performers that throw in a bunch for the spreading out of Dukem Metropolis. The firsthand data sources were gathered by means of questionnaires and secondhand data sources were gathered from reports, legal documents, previous study documents, and socio-economic data. The findings of the study revealed that establishment of industries and industrialization, position of the municipality, and increases in populace dimension were the dominate factors for the expansions of the town. Besides, private investors, government officials' brokers and speculators were the key actors for expansion of the town. Hence, monitoring and controlling horizontal expansion of the town using land use planning principles are the pinnacle remedy.


A Penalized Maximum Likelihood Estimation (PMLE) procedure is proposed for Cox proportional hazards frailty model
with noninformative bivariate current status data. An integrated splines (I-splines) was used to approximate the two
unknown baseline cumulative hazard functions of the failure times. The one-parameter gamma frailty distribution was used to model the
correlation between the two failure times. An easy to implement computational algorithm is proposed to estimate the regression and splines
parameters. Bayesian technique as proposed by Wahba (1983) was employed for the variance estimation. The statistical properties of the
estimated parameters were studied through extensive simulation and it was observed that the PMLEs were consistent, asymptotically normal and
efcient. In addition, the estimators were robust to the choice of knots, censoring rates and type of frailty distribution used. The proposed
methodology is further demonstrated through the analysis of the tumorigenicity experiment data by Lindsey and Ryan (1994).


Many shadow banks rely heavily on bank-sponsored private credit and liquidity support instead of government guarantees. Bank capital regulation cannot be effective without explicitly considering these facilities. Using a continuous time model with maturity mismatch and bank moral hazard, I study the impact of credit and liquidity guarantees on bank capital structure. I focus on a particular type of shadow banking called asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP). When banks provide credit guarantees to ABCP conduits, assuming that the validity of the guarantees is ensured by rating agencies, the commercial paper becomes risk free and is always priced at par. Rolling over the commercial paper is thus costless, so that frequently rolling over the short term ABCP to fund long term assets -- a maturity mismatch -- has no impact on bank value. Regulators can eliminate a bank's moral hazard by imposing a simple capital ratio requirement. However, the capital ratio requirement is no longer valid if banks use liquidity guarantees in their ABCP conduit funding because the funding maturity becomes important. Moreover, a liquidity guarantee becomes as costly as a credit guarantee when the maturity shortens. Using Moody's ABCP conduit data, I confirm that shorter ABCP maturity causes the bank's return to be more sensitive to the conduit credit loss. Thus, when banks have significant exposure to a liquidity guarantee, the search for a single appropriate risk weight is futile. More sophisticated tests, such as model-based tests are not only necessary but also have to be carried out under stressed scenarios.


All those desires, discriminations, success stories, and confrontations that otherwise might not have seeped into mainstream discourses are subtly said through the stories that mirror Arab women"s lives. Girls of Riyadh is a postmodern cyber-fiction that delineates subjects we usually do not get to hear much about, i.e. the quest of heterosexual love and matrimony of young Arab women from the less women-friendly geography of Saudi Arabia. Though in the last two decades the scholarship on alternative discourses produced by Muslim women have been multitudinous, there is a scarcity of critical investigations dealing with creative constructions of postfeminist, empowered Muslim woman, not battling with patriarchal power structures, but negotiating aspects that matter most in real life: human associations and familial formations. This paper engages with the categories of love, marriage, and sexuality, drawing upon the lives of four educated, successful, "velvet class" Saudi women. The significance of this study is linked with carefully challenging some of the stereotypes about Arab women as victims of forced marriages and their commonly perceived discomfort with love at large. The study reveals that it is men who need to "man up" against cultural conventions since women are increasingly expressive in their choices and brave enough to face the consequences audaciously.


Previous theoretical research has indicated that hope, cognitive reappraisal, and acceptance may contribute to posttraumatic growth (PTG). However, the combined effects of these factors on PTG have not yet been evaluated. Therefore, the current study examined the mediating roles of cognitive reappraisal and acceptance in the relationship between hope and PTG among Chinese adolescents following the Ya'an earthquake. The sample included 397 adolescent survivors, who completed self-report measures 2.5 years after the earthquake. The mediating effects were assessed by constructing a multiple indirect effects model. The findings indicated that traumatic exposure only have predictive value for PTG, but not other variables. Moreover, when we controlled for gender, age, and traumatic exposure, hope had a direct and positive effect on PTG. We found an indirect and positive effect of hope on PTG via cognitive reappraisal and acceptance, as well as via an indirect path from cognitive reappraisal to acceptance. These findings suggest that utilising the mediating roles of cognitive reappraisal and acceptance in the relationship between hope and PTG is crucial in developing methods for fostering PTG.


EphrinB receptors (EphBs) are receptor tyrosine kinases that promote dendritic spine morphogenesis by altering local actin polymerization at axo‐dendritic contacts. Soluble ligands have been used with neuronal cultures to activate EphBs, though local stimulation is more desirable to model local contact and study downstream signaling dynamics. Since EphB signaling requires receptor clustering, we designed an optogenetic tool, named optoEphB, based on an optimized mutant of the plant protein cryptochrome 2 (Cry2olig, residues 1‐498 with E490G mutation), which shows blue light‐induced clustering. OptoEphB consists of the EphB2 cytoplasmic domain fused to Cry2olig and mCherry at the C‐terminus with myristoylation at the N‐terminus. Global and focal blue light illumination of HEK293 cells expressing optoEphB showed reversible optoEphB clustering and retraction of membrane protrusions, indicative of EphB2 signaling. In hippocampal neurons, focal illumination of dendrites produced transient, dynamic protrusions that resembled dendritic filopodia. We observed recruitment of the pleckstrin homology domain of Akt in illuminated regions, suggesting phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) activation in this process. Our results demonstrate that optoEphB locally activates EphB signaling and thus represents a novel optogenetic method of Eph receptor activation. Further experiments will determine PI3K‐dependence of filopodial protrusions and use biosensors to measure the spatiotemporal dynamics of downstream Rho GTPase activity, implicated in EphB‐driven spine morphogenesis. These results will bring new insights into current models of dendritic spine development.


A semi-analytical element-free Galerkin (EFG) method in conjunction with an earlier proposed differential reproducing kernel (DRK) interpolation is developed for the three-dimensional (3D) free vibration analysis of simply supported, multilayered composite and functionally graded material (FGM) circular hollow cylinders. Based on the Reissner's mixed variational theorem (RMVT), the weak formulation of this 3D dynamic problem is derived, in which the material properties of each individual FGM layer are assumed to obey the power-law distributions of the volume fractions of the constituents through the thickness coordinate of the layer. A parametric study of the influence of some geometric and material parameters, such as the radius-to-thickness and length-to-radius ratios, thickness ratio for each layer, and material-property gradient index, on the natural frequency parameters of multilayered FGM circular hollow cylinders is undertaken.


The principle of proportionality is to claim 'a state action that is appropriate for the statutory goal, and its most important function is to realize 'justice in individual legal cases' via concretely discerning the correct balance between the restriction imposed by a corrective measure and the severity of the nature of the prohibited act. In this regard, the principle raises both questions: 'Whether or not 'all' the basic human rights could be the subject of restriction in the sense of paragraph 2 of article 37 of the constitutional law?' and 'Whether or not general legal reservations and the principle of proportionality could be applied to basic human rights?' Since the above article prescribes "it is possible to restrict basic human rights if necessary", the subjects of restriction seem to be only the rights of freedom of which restriction must be undergone three-step reviews, such as the scope of protection of basic human rights, the restriction of the scope of protection of basic human rights, and the constitutional justification of restriction of basic human rights. Therefore, the paragraph 2 of article 37 of the constitutional law could be applied to the rights of freedom in principle. On the other hand, the conscientious objection to the military service seems to be 'the freedom of omission-based realization of conscience.' However, to guarantee the freedom of conscience does not mean to give individuals the right to the rejection of obedience to law and order on the grounds of conscience. According to this logic, to measure the freedom of conscience in comparison with public interests through the principle of proportionality and relativize it in order to realize public interests are not compatible with the nature and characteristic of the freedom of conscience. If the decision of conscience is narrowed to satisfy public interests in the course of comparatively measuring the benefit and protection of the law or its contents are distorted or perverted, it is no longer 'conscience.' When conscience and law & order are in collision, the principle of proportionality, due to its characteristic, must choose one of the two, namely fully accepting one and completely rejecting the other. And therefore the principle is not compatible with the value system of the constitutional law. In this regard, it is necessary to invent the method of review that allows the benefit and protection of both laws in collision to be harmoniously realized on the premise that both of them are constitutionally protected. Since there are special issues in the comparative measurement of the benefit and protection of the law, the principle of proportionality could not be applied to the guarantee of the freedom of realization of conscience. Furthermore, the colliding legal benefit and protection against the conscientious objection to the military service have not only the simple meaning of public interest, namely national security, but also the characteristic of constitutional duty, namely people's fulfillment of military duty. In this vein, if the freedom of conscientious action is restricted in order to simply maintain the public interest of national security, the principle of proportionality must be applied to it in order to guarantee basic human rights maximally. However, if the freedom of conscientious action is restricted according to the need of people's fulfillment of military service, it is the issue of collision between the constitutional right and the constitutional duty and therefore its criteria of judgment must be different. In other words, the freedom of conscientious action must be judged not by the principle of proportionality prescribed in the paragraph 2 of article 37 of the constitutional law but by the comparative measurement of the constitutional right and the constitutional duty.


A series of 73 cases of adenocarcinoma of the cervix has been analyzed. The five‐year survival rate for all patients seen was 41 per cent. The survival for 28 Stage I and II growths treated by combined radiotherapy and Wertheim's hysterectomy was 64 per cent.


Diary has now become a part of the study of autobiography,with authenticity being the common feature of the two.Babel′s 1920 Diary is an autobiographical recount of the author′s life stories,containing many valuable first-hand materials.The diary records what the author saw and heard during his stay in the Cavalry during the Russian-Polish War as well as his truest memories and feelings.Being of great authenticity and reflecting the overall spirit of that age,the writing is basically what a lonely narrator presents to the world in a personal way the historical facts of the war and his own true feelings.