Background: Although Tic22 is involved in protein import into chloroplasts, the function in cyanobacteria is unknown. Results: Cyanobacterial Tic22 is required for OM biogenesis, shares structural features with chaperones, and can be substituted by plant Tic22. Conclusion: Tic22, involved in outer membrane biogenesis, is functionally conserved in cyanobacteria and plants. Significance: The findings are important for the understanding of periplasmic protein transport. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are of endosymbiotic origin. Their integration into cells entailed the development of protein translocons, partially by recycling bacterial proteins. We demonstrate the evolutionary conservation of the translocon component Tic22 between cyanobacteria and chloroplasts. Tic22 in Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 is essential. The protein is localized in the thylakoids and in the periplasm and can be functionally replaced by a plant orthologue. Tic22 physically interacts with the outer envelope biogenesis factor Omp85 in vitro and in vivo, the latter exemplified by immunoprecipitation after chemical cross-linking. The physical interaction together with the phenotype of a tic22 mutant comparable with the one of the omp85 mutant indicates a concerted function of both proteins. The three-dimensional structure allows the definition of conserved hydrophobic pockets comparable with those of ClpS or BamB. The results presented suggest a function of Tic22 in outer membrane biogenesis.


Celluloytic bacterial communities in landfill leachate were assessed with rRNA gene based technologies. Total bacterial DNA was extracted by the bead beating method, the bacterial universal primer pair pA/pH and specific primer pair Clos715/Clos1452 for Celluloytic Cluster Ⅲ were used to amplify 16S rRNA gene with "nested" PCR technology, and one of the positive "nested" PCR amplified products was coloned and sequenced. The sequence similarity analysis shows that there are celluloytic bacterial communities which are dramatic similar to Clostridium Cluster Ⅲ in landfill leachate.


Graves disease is serious medical problem. Surgery is applied in selected cases to control the disease by removing the functioning tissue of the target organ. Postoperative function depends upon the amount of the remnant thyroid tissue. Several years ago, subtotal bilateral lobectomy was the most common surgical procedure in Graves's disease. Upon the prospective clinical study of 60 patients operated from 1996-2000, influence on the postoperative function of the remnant have the higher preoperative antithyro id antibodies, degree of lymphocyte inphyltration, number and the size of intrathyroid lymph follicles, sex and the type of the operative procedure. These results changed the operative strategy towards more radical excision. From 1995 to 2004 we operated upon 1061 patient with Graves disease, 106 men and 955 women. Total thyroidectomy was done in 438, bilateral subtotal in 327, total on one and subtotal on the other side in 297 oof which in 61 the remnant was in the region of upper poole on one side. Recurent nerve palsy and postoperative hypoparathyrodism occurred in less than 2% of patients. Relapse of the remnant was evident only after bilateral subtotal lobectomy in 3% of cases. Improving of the operative technique, favorable effect on autoimmune processes and radical control of the disease are the facts that favor total thyroidectomy in majority cases of Graves disease nowadays in specialized surgical centers. The need for permanent replacement therapy is acceptable as the drag is available almost everywhere in the world. Although not applied so often as before, subtotal thyroidectomy has its place in our center even nowadays, with certain modifications. It is applied in selected cases under several conditions: 1 .no thyroid tumor requesting total thyroidectomy, 2. No concomitant diseases that request special preoperative preparation that could be necessary to repeat again in the case of the recurrence, 3. No extended autoimmune disease such as serious ophtalmopathy or myasthenia that could suggest higher recurrence rate, 4. Skilled surgeon familiar with the technique of the procedure. 5. If the patient does not accept total thyroidectomy. We suggest that all the remnant tissue should be left on only one side in the region of the upper pole of thyroid lobe, far from important structures to avoid damage in the case of relapse. In that way, removing of the hypertrophie remnant is safe without the risk of complications such as laryngeal nerve palsy or damaging parathyroid glands. The procedure we called atypical subtotal lobectomy.


This paper proposes direct learning of image classification from user-supplied tags, without filtering. Each tag is supplied by the user who shared the image online. Enormous numbers of these tags are freely available online, and they give insight about the image categories important to users and to image classification. Our approach is complementary to the conventional approach of manual annotation, which is extremely costly. We analyze of the Flickr 100 Million Image dataset, making several useful observations about the statistics of these tags. We introduce a large-scale robust classification algorithm, in order to handle the inherent noise in these tags, and a calibration procedure to better predict objective annotations. We show that freely available, user-supplied tags can obtain similar or superior results to large databases of costly manual annotations.


The increasing demand for extended range in electric vehicles has led to a surge of research focused on battery technologies. While passive cell balancing is commonly employed in electric vehicles and other applications, active balancing techniques have not been widely adopted due to their complexity and additional costs. However, there are various active balancing methods available, which can be broadly classified into intelligent switching and pulse width modulation approaches. In this paper, we explore the use of non-intelligent switching techniques for capacitor-based active cell balancing, which can help simplify the complexity of the balancing process. We specifically investigate the balancing of a twelve-cell battery pack, which can be implemented as a module within a modular battery system. Three different balancing circuit simulations were conducted: switched-capacitor balancing, double-tiered switched-capacitor, and double-tiered switched-capacitor with an additional capacitor. The simulation results demonstrated that increasing the number of capacitors in the balancing circuit led to faster balancing times. Balancing times were 1312, 1186 and 1195 seconds in this order. These findings contribute to the understanding of capacitor-based active cell balancing and provide insights into the optimization of battery pack design for electric vehicles.


ARKref is a tool for noun phrase coreference. It is a deterministic, rule-based system that uses syntactic information from a constituent parser, and semantic information from an entity recognition component. Its architecture is based on the work of Haghighi and Klein (2009). ARKref was originally written in 2009. At the time of writing, the last released version was in March 2011. This document describes that version, which is open-source and publicly available at: this http URL


according to the international ISO standard. The publication was mailed by K.G. Saur to all IFLA members who registered for an automatic subscription to the titles in the Saur series, IFLA Publications. Other members may receive a copy free of charge from IFLA Headquarters, POB 95312, 2509 CH The Hague, Netherlands. For non-members NLG 22.00 plus postage will be charged. IFLA Headquarters does accept credit card payments. ISBN 90-70916-44-4


In the article the possibilities of applying the general economic methods of human
capital valuation (cost method, market method, income method) in order to provide the
proper accounting maintenance have been determined.


Abstract
Despite significant investments in efforts to broaden participation, the number of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields who leave the academy is disheartening. Some reports suggest half of women STEM faculty will leave tenure track positions within 10 years after hire (Kaminski & Geisler, 2012). For women of color, the data are equally bleak (Ginther & Kahn, 2012) and affirm the need for continuously evolving practices and policies to retain underrepresented faculty in STEM and ensure career satisfaction and success. Unfortunately, current programs for career development and mentoring largely promote rigid conformity to traditional performance expectations, which enable the persistence of narrow departmental norms regarding markers of success. By drawing on person–environment (PE) fit theory, and combining data from our own institution with evidence-based practices from others, the authors have created a faculty development program designed to upend this practice. The objective of this program is to help faculty advance their careers in the academy while staying true to what they value, while simultaneously helping departments reflect on how they can create more inclusive and supportive environments for all faculty. The authors describe the program in detail and provide initial assessments of impact on faculty participants as well as departmental and institutional practice.


Abstract:This standing feature highlights The South Colton Oral History Project, archived at the Pfau Library. Retired educator and cofounder Tom Rivera discusses how the project documents and preserves the voices of the historically marginalized Mexican American community in South Colton, CA, with a focus on the 1890s to the 1960s.


Ni(II) benzylbutyldithiocarbamate complexes containing monodentate phosphines of composition [Ni(BzBudtc)2], [NiX(BzBudtc)(PPh3)], [Ni(BzBudtc)(PPh3)2]Y and [Ni(BzBudtc)(PBu3)2]Y {X = Cl, Br, I, NCS; Y = ClO4, PF6, BPh4; BzBudtc = benzylbutyldithiocarbamate, PPh3 = triphenylphosphine, PBu3 = tributylphosphine} have been synthesized. They were characterized by elemental and thermal analysis, IR, electronic and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy, magnetochemical and conductivity measurements. Single crystal X-ray analyses of [NiCl(BzBudtc)(PPh3)] and [Ni(BzBudtc)(PPh3)2]PF6 · 0.5CH3OH confirmed coordination number four for nickel with distorted square coordination spheres for NiS2PCl and NiS2P2 chromophores. For selected samples, their catalytic influence on graphite oxidation was studied.


Thirteen weekly applications of Trigard 75WP, at IX, 2X, and 4X the recommended rate of 0.125 lb (AI)/acre were made to chrysanthemums grown commercially without cover in San Luis Rey, Calif. Treatments were initiated 25 Jul., 2 weeks after planting. Each treatment rate was replicated three times, with four plants of each variety per replicate. The materials were applied with a 5-gal pressurized sprayer at 50 lb/in2.


Kiln are the key equipment in the production of metallurgy, cement and material of fire-fast. It is the statically indeterminate system with over load, large torque and multi-support. Because of the complexity of load and stiffness distribution of the rotary kiln, the deflection of supporting center, the supporting load distribution will become seriously non-uniform. To the characters of load and stiffness distribution of the rotary kiln, the mechanical model and equation group are established, which are used to solve the variable-stiffness beam upon complex load for kiln. The relation between the supporting load distribution and deflection is derived. Accordingly, the liner formulas for calculating the support force of the support wheels fixing on the rotate kiln are obtained from the practical calculation of rotary kilns, and some useful analysis conclusions are obtained. This will provide helpful guide to condition analysis and optimization control of rotary kiln.


ABSTRACT The main purpose of the author is to provide an accurate analysis, new considerations and debates on the most important texts published by Card. Walter Kasper on Schelling and on the Tübingen School. The intention is to offer a new approach to Kasper's opus. The paper comprises two parts: (1) a section about Walter Kasper and his interpretation of Schelling's philosophy and (2) a shorter section dedicated to some of the most relevant theological developments of Kasper's theology which he reached in pursuing Schelling's questions.


Outdoor recreation trends in America shown by a Bureau of Outdoor Recreation survey of participation in outdoor recreation activities. Data on which this report based was gathered by the Bereu of the Census under contract to the Bureau of Outdoor Recreation during the summer months of June, July and August, 1965. It sould be pointed out that heaviest public participation in a number of other important recreation activities, such as hunting, ice skating, snow skiing, football games and others takes place at other seasons.By the year 2000, their participation in the major forms of summertime outdoor recreation activities will be 4 times greater than it was in 1960. This is because by 1965 they already enjoyed 51 percent more outdoor recreation experiences in the major activities each summer than thay did in 1960. Now pressures on public and private outdoor recreation facilities are exceeding previous expectations by wide margins. In the natural parks we will need more recreation opportunities and service, many more visitor accomodation and facilities.


Abstract The last years, the number of paternity tests on buccal swabs sold over the internet as "test kits", has steeply increased. The commercial providers of these services facilitate controversial practices, including clandestine sampling at home, anonymous sending off for analysis, motherless testing and using "stolen" personal objects containing biological material (combs, cigarette butts). This has led to concern on the consequences on the family unit - especially the child - which may suffer emotionally, physically and financially. In reaction, legal initiatives are appearing throughout Europe. The UK Human Genetics Commission has advised that the non-consensual obtaining and analysis of personal genetic information should be a new criminal offence. The German Federal Court of Justice has ruled that paternity tests performed without the mother's knowledge are inadmissible as evidence in lawsuits. French law strictly forbids the application of DNA testing without the involvement of the court system. In Belgium, a proposal for law has been laid down where the offering to the public of paternity tests through the internet is forbidden. Privately requested paternity tests would remain possible, but only in human genetics centres, who take the samples, perform the test and communicate the result during a medical visit. Only accepting blood samples, as proposed, would however reverse technological evolution and is not in the best interest of the child, which this legal proposal above all tries to protect.


LABORATORY AND FIELD TESTS ON THE DEFORMATIONAL PROPERTIES OF SARMATIAN EXPANSIVE SOILS ARE DESCRIBED. A METHOD FOR CALCULATING THE POSSIBLE HEAVE OF THE FOUNDATION IS PRESENTED BASED ON LAYER SUMMATION, ALLOWING FOR THE EFFECT OF THE UNWETTED PART OF THE SOIL ON SWELLING UNDER LOCALIZED WETTING. EXPERIMENTAL DATA ARE ALSO PRESENTED ON THE DEFORMATION OF SOIL LAYERS, UNDER SEASONAL MOISTURE CHANGES IN THE WEATHERING ZONE. /RRL/A/


Lots of ready quantum private comparison (QPC) protocols usually only judge whether two users' data are equal, whereas the quantum private magnitude comparison (QPMC) protocol can compare the magnitude of two numbers, whose results are greater than, equal and less than. It is by announcing a comparison result of two bits in two data that the existent QPMC protocols determine the size relationships of the whole data. Although the announcement leaks no information to outside attackers, yet it alerts two participants to know each other's value of a certain bit. This is termed as bit leakage in this paper. In order to remedy this shortage, the paper proposes a novel QPMC protocol using a type of Bell state. The protocol is thoroughly analyzed, correct and secure. Also, it proves free of bit leakage. Additionally, because it is easier to implement because of the usage of a type of Bell state, it counts as a better alternative for QPMC.


We consider the one degree-of-freedom Hamiltonian system defined by the Morse potential energy function (the "Morse oscillator"). We use the geometry of the level sets to construct explicit expressions for the trajectories as a function of time, their period for the bounded trajectories, and action-angle variables. We use these trajectories to prove sufficient conditions for chaotic dynamics, in the sense of Smale horseshoes, for the time-periodically perturbed Morse oscillator using a Melnikov type approach.


Introduction:
 Clinical studies consistently report sex differences in heart failure (HF) outcomes. Disrupted cardiac sympathetic innervation patterns have not been investigated as a potential mechanism.

 Hypothesis:
 We aimed to explore whether cardiac sympathetic innervation patterns disrupted by deletion of the neurorepellent, Semaphorin3a (Sema3a), in murine dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), has a deleterious effect in male compared to female mice.

 Methods:
 Utilizing the established Tg9 model of nonischemic HF (DCM+), we compared serial left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), ventricular arrhythmogenesis, mortality, and innervation patterns using immunohistochemistry in male vs. female DCM+Sema3a
 KO
 mice (with disrupted innervation) to male and female DCM+Sema3a
 WT
 animals.

 Results:
 Immunohistochemistry revealed greater disruption in sympathetic innervation amongst Sema3a deficient (DCM+Sema3a
 KO
 ) mice (n=11) compared to DCM+Sema3a
 WT
 (n=10) and WT mice (n=7) ( ****p<0.0001). There was no significant difference in arrhythmogenesis between DCM+Sema3a
 WT
 versus DCM+Sema3a
 KO
 mice. Mortality was significantly greater in DCM+Sema3a
 KO
 mice compared to DCM+Sema3a
 WT
 and WT mice (*p=0.04). This was attributable to pump failure, as LVEF was lower in DCM+Sema3a
 KO
 mice that died compared to DCM+Sema3a
 KO
 mice who did not (*p=0.03). When outcomes were compared for male versus female mice, we observed sex differences in mortality, with female DCM+Sema3a
 KO
 mice exhibiting higher mortality and greater LV dysfunction than males (*p=0.03). This difference was not seen in male vs female DCM+Sema3a
 WT
 mice, suggesting that the sex differences are related to Sema3a gene deletion, and thus, disrupted innervation patterns, not DCM alone.

 Conclusion:
 Our data suggests that there are sex-based differences in DCM outcomes that may involve Sema3a signaling. Further studies validating this finding and identifying underlying mechanisms are warranted.


Since the first development of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) in 1987, imidazole derivatives, mainly including phenanthroimidazole (PI) and benzimidazole (BI), have increasingly attracted attention. Their strong electron-withdrawing properties make them suitable for emitters, hosts, and electron-transporting materials (ETMs). In this review, an overview of the recent developments regarding OLEDs based on imidazole derivatives, especially the relationship between the molecule structure and the device performance as fluorescent and host materials, is given.


Security has become a vital factor for any Internet of things network but it is of paramount importance for Internet of Health Things (IoHT). IoHT also known as Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) is integration of IoT and healthcare environment, where fragile data related to the patients is transmitted from IoT devices to server. During this transmission, if, any eavesdropping or intrusion occurs then it will not only lead to the serious mutilation of entire network but this data will be handled maliciously for wrong doings as well. Therefore, a proper security is indispensable for IoHT based equipments due to exposure to different attacks. Security of IoHT has been the burning issue in last couple of years. In this regard different security models, surveys, frameworks have been presented. In this article, a proposed Identified Security Attributes (ISA) framework is presented to evaluate the security features of IoHT based device in healthcare environment. The proposed framework uses hybrid MCDM methods such as Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). This framework works in two phase: in first phase the weights of attributes are derived by using AHP method and in second phase security assessment of alternatives is performed based upon security criteria by using TOPSIS method. The outcomes of proposed security assessment framework demonstrate that the reliable and secure alternative among alternatives is selected in IoMT system. This approach can be used as a guideline for future use in IoMT systems or any other IoT based domain. To the best of our knowledge, it is novel approach to address the security assessment of IoT and these MCDM methods have never been used before for assessment and decision making in IoHT system for security.


Objective: To explore the best tube washing way for the tube feeding of enteral nutrition(EN).Methods: 300 patients were randomly divided into three groups,namely the observation group,the control group 1 and the control group 2,with each group including 100 members.The feeding tubes of the members in the observation group,which had been normally maintained,were impulsively washed with 30~50 ml of boiled water at 40~42℃;the feeding tubes of the members in the control group 1 were washed with 30~50 ml of boiled water at 40~42℃ under positive pressure;while the feeding tubes of the members in the last group were washed with 30~50 ml normal saline at room temperature under positive pressure.Then,a comparison was made about the differences in the blockage rates of the feeding tubes in the three groups.Results: The blockage rates of the feeding tubes of the members in the observation group,control group 1,and control group 2 stood at 1%,9% and 12%,respectively.The observation group was statistically significant to both control group 1 and control group 2(P0.05),but there was no significant difference between control group 1 and the control group 2(P0.05).Conclusion: The blockage rate of the EN feeding tubes impulsively washed by boiled water at 40~42℃ is significantly lower than those washed under positive pressure,and is even more lower than those washed with normal saline at room temperature under positive pressure.


Background: In rural areas, the distance factor has been identified as key in the utilization of health services. We aim to determine whether distance to an inner-city hospital in Newark, was assoc...


The narrative A woodcutter and a fairy has shown two characters of being civil tale or not being civil tale. The reason of being civil tale is that usual characters have appeared with no evidence being presented and it has intended for fancy, while the reason of not being civil tale is that a symmetrical world view makes cohere group consciousness such as a totemic world view, a horizontal universe view and an outlook on marriage of god and man and then looks out over all the whole of creation from the viewpoint of the universe.
Ultimately, in the narrative A woodcutter and a fairy several pieces of tales get mixed which are civil tale or not one. It should be regarded that if one narrative alternates in contents by each piece, folklore successors having a different consciousness have started a dispute with one another. When examining the disputing aspects of the folklore successors, it's found that a woodcutter is the person professing himself to be an idealist, or else to be a realist. Here, it becomes possible to point out that a successor imports his idealistic or realistic attitude toward life in the name of the woodcutter.


This paper discuss about the effectiveness of using Briquetting of rural bio mass material in Down draft gasifier for easy operation and power generation, during winter and rainy season. Sawdust a milling residue is available in huge quantity. Apart from the problems of transportation, storage, and handling, the direct burning of loose saw dust biomass in conventional grates is associated with very low thermal efficiency and widespread air pollution. The conversion efficiency is as low as 40% with particulate emissions in the flue gases in excess of 3000 mg/ Nm. In addition, a large percentage of unburnt carbonaceous ash has to be disposed off. Briquetting of the sawdust with cow dung could mitigate these pollution problems while at the same time making use of the important domestic energy resources. The easily available rural bio mass material saw dust and rurally available binder material cum bio mass cow dung is used for briquetting. This experiment was carried out with briquetting of saw dust and binder cow dung at different ratio. It is experimentally investigated at 800 0 C using gasification technique in a downdraft gasifier. The air flow rate and pressure drop across the gasifier has been measured. The percentage of combustible gases like H2, CO, CH4, CO2, and N2 formed during gasification are found. The calorific value of the producer gas for different ratio of briquetting biomass material has been found out. Experimental results indicate that briquetting at 75:25 ratio of sawdust and cow dung is the best suitable biomass Briquette for gasifier compared to the other two ratios considered. The result shows that the gas composition of methane is comparably high in this ratio (i.e. 75:25) than other two ratios i.e.(50:50) and (25:75). The results also show that pressure drop across the gasifier and producer gas composition increases with increase in air flow rate. Also found that, thermal efficiency is comparatively high at 75:25 ratio briquettes than other two ratios and it increases with air flow rate.


BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to compare the detection of BRAF(V600E) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using a mutation-specific antibody with molecular biology methods for evaluation of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
This study concerned 198 consecutive conventional PTC patients, of which the majority were women (133/198; 67%), with a mean age of 56 years (range 19-79 years). BRAF mutation analysis was performed using DNA-based (direct sequencing, pyrosequencing, and SNaPshot) and IHC (VE1 antibody) methods. The sensitivity and specificity of IHC for BRAF(V600E) was compared with the molecular biology data.

RESULTS
A BRAF mutational result was obtained in 194 cases. A BRAF(V600E) mutation was detected in 153/194 (79%) cases of PTC when using at least one molecular method, and in 151/194 (78%) cases with IHC. No false positive results were noted using IHC to detect the BRAF(V600E) mutation. Besides this mutation, other rare BRAF mutations (BRAF(V600K) and BRAF(K601E)), used as negative controls, were consistently negative with IHC. The sensitivity and specificity of IHC for the detection of this mutation were 98.7% and 100% respectively. The IHC test demonstrated excellent performance at a level equivalent to two DNA-based counterparts (pyrosequencing and SNaPshot). Failure to achieve a result was more frequent with the direct sequencing method than with the three other methods.

CONCLUSION
IHC using the VE1 antibody is a specific and sensitive method for the detection of the BRAF(V600E) mutation in PTC. IHC may be an alternative to molecular biology approaches for the routine detection of this mutation in PTC patients.


Image of 500G byte hard disk subsystems for personal computer was studied first. This systems require roughly 180 G bit/in.2 in recording density. Problems to accomplish this density were studied in research fields of magnetic heads, recording media and head media interface. Investigation of media switching speed, surface flatness control of media and heads, fine control of grain growth and development of a few nano meter thick protective and lubricant films are considered as critical issues.


is the porEfolio managerfor Morgan Stanley's Strategic AdvisorTM, an asset allocation investment management product for dejned-contribution plans. H e is the head of the Morgan Stanley 401(k) unit at Morgan Stanley Asset Management in N e w f i r&. Mr. Waving was previously a regional practice leader with the asset consulting practice of Towers Perrin, and was the principal architect of their recommended defined-contribution investment approach. H e also managed the investment consulting practice of Ibbotson Associates in Chicago. Mr. Waring holds a master ofpublic policy management in finance from Yale University, a J D . f r o m Lewis and Clark, and a B.S. in economicsfrom the University of Oregon.


In the deepest, axial part of the Viking subbasin of the North Sea, the Frigg field, one of the world's largest offshore gas fields, straddles the border of the British and Norwegian continental shelf at lat. 60°N. The discovery well was drilled in 1971 on Norwegian block 25/1 in 100 m of water. Gas was discovered at a depth of 1,850 m in a lobate submarine fan representing the ultimate phase of a thick Paleocene deposit. Sealed by middle Eocene open marine shales, the structure is mainly submarine-fan depositional topography enhanced by draping and differential compaction of sands. The area of structural closure is underlined by a typical "flat spot" on seismic sections and the gas column lies on a heavy oil disk. Chromatographic analysis shows that both oil and gas could be coming from underlying Jurassic source rocks. Recoverable gas reserves are estimated to be about 200 billion cu m (7 Tcf). Production began September 15, 1977; the gas is brought ashore at St. Fergus in Scotland by a 360-km pipeline.


This paper describes an approach and a novel software tool that was developed and used by the author of this paper to visually teach discrete convolution to students encountering it for the first time. In order to accomplish this to aid understanding of concepts without losing rigor or completeness, two novel software tools each viewing discrete convolution from a different perspective were designed and implemented by the author in Microsoft Visual C++. This paper describes one of these two software tools. The other is described by the author in a companion paper 1 . The software tool described in this paper was designed and implemented to visually teach discrete convolution by interpreting the discrete convolution equation from the perspective of the input signal in Linear Shift-Invariant systems. There are no other software tools to visually teach digital convolution from this perspective. By using the approach and software tool described in this paper, it was possible to visually teach discrete convolution from the perspective of the input signal very clearly and thoroughly in a shorter amount of time than was otherwise possible.


Simple Summary In vivo studies have shown that 3D neurosphere formation is a significant predictor of clinical outcome in glioma patients, and is a robust, independent predictor of glioma tumor progression. However, neurosphere assays, in common with other in vitro assays, are associated with some limitations. Little is known about the upstream signaling events triggered and that lead to a cancer stem cell molecular signature, even less is known on how anticancer diet-derived molecules can target such events. Here, we provide assessment of several signal transducing events involved in the acquisition of an in vitro stemness phenotype, in comparison to 2D monolayer cultures of brain cancer cells. We further identify a new signaling axis that can become a target for future therapies. Abstract Background: Three-dimensional in vitro neurospheres cultures recapitulate stemness features associated with poor clinical outcome in glioblastoma patients. They are commonly used to address brain cancer stem cell (CSC) signal transducing biology that regulates spheroids formation and stemness phenotype, and to assess the in vitro pharmacological impact of chemotherapeutic drugs. Objective: Here, we addressed the role of a new signaling axis involved in the regulation of in vitro spheroids formation and assessed the chemopreventive ability of diet-derived epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to impact the processes that govern the acquisition of spheroids CSC stemness traits. Methods: Neurospheres were generated from adherent human U87 glioblastoma cancer cell cultures under conditions that recapitulate stemness features. Total RNA and protein lysates were isolated for gene expression by RT-qPCR and protein expression by immunoblot. Transcriptomic analysis was performed through RNA-Seq. Results: Compared to their parental adherent cells, tumorspheres expressed increased levels of the CSC markers NANOG, SOX2, PROM1 (CD133), as well as of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers Fibronectin, SNAI1, and 37/67 kDa laminin-1 receptor ribosomal protein SA (RPSA). Increased PROM1, SOX2, Fibronectin, and RPSA transcripts level were also observed in clinical grade IV glioblastoma tissues compared to normal tissue. EGCG treatment reduced dose-dependently tumorspheres size and inhibited the transcriptional regulation of those genes. An apoptotic signature was also found in spheroids with increased signal transducing events involving GSK3α/β, RSK, and CREB. These were repressed upon RPSA gene silencing and partially by SNAI1 silencing. Conclusion: This work highlights a signaling axis linking RPSA upstream of SNAIL in neurospheres genesis and supports the chemopreventive impact that diet-derived EGCG may exert on the acquisition of CSC traits.


From the Publisher:
Adaptive filtering is an advanced and growing field in signal processing. A filter is a transmission network used in electronic circuits for the selective enhancement or reduction of specified components of an input signal. Filtering is achieved by selectively attenuating those components of the input signal which are undesired, relative to those which it is desired to enhance. This comprehensive book is both a valuable student resource and a useful technical reference for signal processing engineers in industry. The author is experienced in teaching graduates and practicing engineers and the text offers good theoretical coverage complemented by plenty of application examples.


The finite layer method(FLM) is a quasi-numerical and quasi-analytic method,which is to discretize one dimension of the spatial domain using finite elements,approximating variations in the other two dimensions by continuous function.The method therefore simplifies three-dimensional problems to one-dimensional ones effectively.The FLM can resolve the disadvantages of common numerical methods to simulate three-dimensional groundwater flows radically,such as the large amount of calculation,the need of much internal storage for computer more calculation time and so on,with common numerical methods to simulate three-dimensional under-groundwater flows.Taking advantages of the FLM,finite layer formulas were derived for calculating the under-groundwater drawdown in the heterogeneous and anisotropic confined aquifer based on Galerkin method and Bessel function,and a computer program on FORTRAN language was developed.Two numerical examples were presented and compared with analytical solutions to demonstrate the validity of finite layer method.


Although Peninsular Malaysia is located in a low-seismicity region, the medium to high rise structures could be vulnerable to distant earthquakes generated by Sumatran fault and Sumatran subduction seismic sources. In addition, seismic design has not been specifically considered in the building design codes of the region. Therefore, it is rational to assess the seismic hazard of the region to apply appropriate seismic designs for the existing and future structures. The most comprehensive method recommended by design codes is Probabilistic method in order to do Seismic Hazard Analysis (i.e. called PSHA). The key component required in any seismic hazard analysis is employing an appropriated set of Ground-Motion Prediction Equations (GMPEs). This paper has attempted firstly to drive new GMPE for Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) using data recorded in Peninsular Malaysia due to Sumatran subduction in-slab earthquakes. Secondly, the study has presenteda classification among the new derived GMPE and other four GMPEs proposed for subduction in-slab earthquakes of different regions through a comparative study based on the PGAs recorded in Peninsular Malaysia. The goal of the classification was to introduce the GMPEs which were the most compatible with the region. The results of the present study are applicable for seismic hazard analysis in Peninsular Malaysia.


Practitioners and researchers have long been interested in achieving the highest response rate within resource constraints on their mailed surveys. Achieving this high response rate typically has required the selection of the right mix of response-facilitating techniques. The selection decisions were generally made under the assumption that the response-facilitating techniques act independently of one another. The authors have examined the validity of this independence assumption by identifying the major response facilitators in use and then analyzing the results of 531 independent mail survey studies. The authors conclude that major facilitators do not function independently. In fact, it was found that significant joint action interactive effects on response rates do exist. Practitioners and researchers who are faced with the survey design decisions of choosing response facilitators can receive assistance by reviewing the results of this diverse collection of reported experiences.


................................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT................................................................................................................ .v TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................. vii LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................................viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Radiation Therapy ................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 The TrueBeam Linear Accelerator ........................................................................................ 3 1.2.1 General Information ....................................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 Multi-Leaf Collimators (MLC's).................................................................................... 4 1.2.3 Electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) .................................................................... 5 1.2.4 TrueBeam Developer Mode ........................................................................................... 6 1.3 Stereotactic Radiosurgery SRS and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy SBRT ............... 8 1.4 Single Isocenter-Multiple Lesion LINAC-Based SRS/SBRS ............................................... 9 1.5 Quality Assurance ............................................................................................................... 10 1.6 Winston-Lutz Test ............................................................................................................... 11 1.7 Significance of Study and Objectives ................................................................................. 12 CHAPTER 2: MATERIALS AND METHOD............................................................................. 14 2.1 Experiment's Material ......................................................................................................... 14 2.2 EPID Quality Assurance ..................................................................................................... 15 2.3 Automated Winston Lutz Test ............................................................................................ 16 2.4 Automated off-Isocenter Winston-Lutz .............................................................................. 17 2.5 Analyzing the Images .......................................................................................................... 23 CHAPTER 3: RESULTS .............................................................................................................. 25 CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION ........................................................................................................ 33 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................ 36 APPENDICES .............................................................................................................................. 38 Appendix 1: The XML script for 20 images WL test ............................................................... 38 Appendix 2: The XML script from Python code for the off-isocenter automated WL test ...... 48 References ..................................................................................................................................... 53 Curriculum Vitae .......................................................................................................................... 56


At the intersection of pedagogy and technology are opportunities to offer an educational experience that is both engaging and has the potential to foster connections between learning partners. The ...


The present study examines the regional disparities in social development in India by using social development index (SDI). The study used census-based data of 2011 including 28 states and seven union territories (UTs) of India. The study ends by ranking of states and UTs on the basis of development index consisting of 12 social indicators. This article also compares selected states on the basis of human development index (1981, 1991 and 2001) and SDI (2011) values. In addition, the study finds district-level SDI and ranks the districts of selected states, that is, Kerala, Haryana and Bihar. The findings of the study confirmed the northern–southern social development divide in India. The empirical findings show that Kerala is the best state among all states in India in terms of social progress. Results of the study confirmed huge disparities at district and states/UTs level in India.


For different observation tasks, synthetic aperture radar(SAR) satellite formation needs to adopt different configurations. In this case, how to realize the path planning is an important research problem for configuration transition. In this paper, a sequential convex programming(SCP) is proposed for the swarm reconfiguration that involve avoiding collisions and minimizing fuel. The quadratic performance index of the control variable represents the optimization index of path planning to ensure the optimal fuel consumption. Then, a linear discrete relative orbital dynamic model under the J2 perturbation is constructed. Regarding the dynamic constraints and the prevention of inter-satellite collisions as basic constraints, the path planning problem of configuration transformation is solved as a discretized convex programming problem. The SCP is introduced to realize iterated optimal planning. This algorithm reduces the computational complexity while developing the high control precision. Through experimental analysis, this method can ensure that there is no collision risk between satellites, and the planning converges to complete configuration reconstruction.


I AM DISMAYED by the increasing number of television programmes which use documentary techniques to allow the audience a glimpse behind the curtains of hospital life.


White adipose (fat) tissues regulate metabolism, reproduction and lifespan. Adipocytes form throughout life, with the most marked expansion of the lineage occurring during the postnatal period. Adipocytes develop in coordination with the vasculature, but the identity and location of white adipocyte progenitor cells are unknown. We used genetically marked mice to isolate proliferating and renewing adipogenic progenitors. We find that most adipocytes descend from a pool of these proliferating progenitors that are already committed either prenatally or early in postnatal life. These progenitors reside in the mural cell compartment of the adipose vasculature but not in the vasculature of other tissues. Thus, the adipose vasculature appears to function as a progenitor niche and may provide signals for adipocyte development. How adipocytes (fat cells) develop is a fundamental biological question with important ramifications for human health and disease (1,2). Little is known about the identity, localization, or biological characteristics of endogenous adipocyte progenitors (2). These progenitors likely reside in the adipose stromal-vascular fraction (SVF), a heterogeneous mixture of cells operationally-defined by enzymatic dissociation of adipose depots followed by density separation from adipocytes (1,3). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a central regulator of fat formation, is necessary and sufficient for adipogenesis (4, 5). Thus, marking PPARγ-expressing cells in vivo might provide new insights into adipose lineage specification. To mark and perform lineage analyses on PPARγ-expressing cells, we generated PPARγ-tet transactivator (tTA) (6) "knock-in" mice placing tTA under the control of the PPARγ locus (fig. S1). We introduced into these "PPARγ-tTA" mice two additional alleles: a tTA-responsive Cre allele (tetracycline response element-Cre; "TRE-Cre") and an element that indelibly expresses lacZ in response to the Cre recombinase (ROSA26-flox-stop-flox-lacZ) (7,8). With these genetic manipulations, we thereby created a "PPARγ-reporter" strain ("PPARγ-R26R" for PPARγ-Rosa26 reporter) in which the endogenous PPARγ promoter/enhancer induces *This manuscript has been accepted for publication in Science. This version has not undergone final editing. Please refer to the complete version of record at http://www.sciencemag.org/. Their manuscript may not be reproduced or used in any manner that does not fall within the fair use provisions of the Copyright Act without the prior, written permission of AAAS. † To whom correspondence should be addressed. email@example.com. NIH Public Access


It is shown that localization of deformation is a logical consequence of solutions to field equations of a type often hypothesized by experimenters on the basis of tests on rocks. Two previous studies are noted, one by James, intended to be applied to metals, and one by Coleman, intended to be applied to polymeric fibers. These two studies differ from the present one and from each other in the materials they model, in the equations used to model them, and in mathematical technique, but are similar in the conclusions they draw. Such conclusions are physically reasonable, and all three studies lead to them, although in radically different fashions.


Abstract. El-Moursi A, Talaat IM, Balbaa LK. 2012. Physiological effect of some antioxidant polyphenols on sweet marjoram (Majorana hortensis) plants. Nusantara Bioscience 4: 11-15. Two pot experiments were conducted in the screen of the National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt to study the physiological effect of foliar application of some antioxidant polyphenols on growth and chemical constituents of sweet marjoram plants (Majorana hortensis L.). Plants were treated with curcuminoids, cinnamic acid and salicylic acid, each at 5 and 10 mg/L except the control plants. The results indicate that foliar application of curcuminoids increased growth parameters under study. Total sugars were also increased as a result of foliar application of curcuminoids. On the other hand, oil %, oil yield, and nitrogen % were decreased as a result of curcuminoids treatments. Cinnamic acid at 5 mg/L resulted in the tallest plants in most cases. Application of cinnamic acid at 10 mg/L significantly increased oil % and total oil yield/plant. Sugar content followed the same trend. Treatment of sweet marjoram plants with salicylic acid significantly increased oil % and oil yield, especially in plants treated with 10 mg/L SA. Total sugars % and total nitrogen % followed the same trend. The main constituents of the plant essential oil were also markedly affected.


To solve the problem of metadata representation for E-government information resources,this paper proposes entity-relation-problem(E-R-P) modeling system for metadata modeling and offers metadata representation model based on E-R-P modeling system.It takes metadata expression of star schema model of data warehouse as example.Corresponding system conceptual model is also proposed.And the practice proves the improvement of the model.


Background: To prevent the catastrophic health and economic consequences from COVID-19 epidemics, nations had to respond with swift public health interventions to achieve no community transmission outside of quarantine. However, the exact characteristics of an outbreak that trigger these measures are poorly defined. We aimed to assess the critical timing and extent of interventions in Australia.

Methods: We developed a practical model using existing epidemics data in Australia. We quantified the effective combinations of public health interventions and the critical number of daily cases for intervention commencement. We assessed the impact of increasing transmissibility from new variants and the effect of vaccination coverage on the critical timing and extent of interventions.

Findings: We found that in the past COVID-19 outbreaks in four Australian states, the number of reported cases on the day that interventions commenced strongly predicted the size and duration of the outbreaks. In the early phase of an outbreak, containing a wild-type dominant epidemic to a low level (≤10 cases/day) required effective combinations of social distancing and face mask use interventions to be commenced before the number of daily reported cases reaches 6 cases. Containing epidemics from alpha variant would require more stringent interventions that commenced earlier. For delta variant, public health interventions alone will not contain the epidemic, unless with a moderate vaccination coverage (≥50%).

Interpretation: Our study highlights the importance of early and decisive action in the initial phase of an outbreak if governments aimed for zero community transmission. Vaccination is essential for containing variants.

Funding Information: LZ is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number: 8191101420), Thousand Talents Plan Professorship for Young Scholars (Grant number: 3111500001); Xi'an Jiaotong University Basic Research and Profession Grant (Grant number: xtr022019003) and Xi'an Jiaotong University Young Talent Support Program (Grant number: YX6J004). The study is supported by Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interests.


Abstract : This research examines existing leadership theories, doctrine, and practices to determine the appropriateness of institutional preparation and development (education and training) of future Joint leaders for holistic, systemic, problem management--preparation for strategic leadership. The research addresses the topic of strategic leadership to find out the extent to which leadership doctrine prepares senior leaders and their advisors for the distinct environment of policy formulation and strategy development, so one can better understand 1) strategic leader behavior, 2) the extent to which it is idiosyncratic, and 3) how the Design approach could facilitate strategic leadership. The totality of the requirements for strategic leaders are not articulated as finite, but instead draw upon the multiple frameworks that one develops from experience, informed intuition, training, broad education, and refined judgment. While this descriptive doctrinal approach for strategic leadership is more appropriate for the ambiguity, complexity and uncertainty of the strategic environment, it does not highlight the discontinuity of leader development from direct and organizational levels.


Gall-bladder disease is rare in species other than man (Runnels, Monlux & Monlux, 1960; Smith & Jones, 1961; D. D. Lawson, 1964, personal communication; R. N. Fiennes, 1964, personal communication). Since there is evidence that vascular factors may be of importance in diseases of the human gall-bladder (Eliason & Stephens, 1944; Goldman, Morgan & Kay, 1948; Hallendorf, Dockerty & Waugh, 1948; Strohl, Diffenbaugh, Baker & Cheema, 1962), a comparative anatomical study of the gross distribution of the cystic artery has been undertaken. Interest in the human cystic artery is long standing. Mondino dei Luzzi (12901326) described a direct supply from the aorta, Jacopo Berengario de Carpi (1535) mentioned a vessel from the heart and Vesalius (1543) described an unnamed branch of the hepatic artery and illustrated its four terminal branches distributed in the long axis of the gall-bladder. According to Pare (1575), the cystic artery travelled with the portal vein. The current description was first given byvon Haller (1743)and the sites and origin of the artery and its relation with the structures in the porta hepatis have been described in detail by many, amongst them Belou (1915), Flint (1923), Adachi (1928), Browne (1940), Daseler, Anson, Hambley & Reiman (1947) and Michels (1956). However, relatively little is known of the intramural distribution, although Rubascheva (1930) reported on this in the rabbit, dog and man. Certain points still require clarification and call for further investigation.


Support arm proximal support arm segment and the distal support arm segment and the distal support arm at the proximal end and a distal pivot which is connected to pivot the proximal support arm segment at a proximal pivot and a hinge system having a connected distal end to pivot segment. Tension member has a first end and a second end, there extends to the end portion in the proximal support arm segment or the position above or beyond it in the distal support arm segment first and end, the proximal support arm segment or the tension member which is extended and secured thereto to the end portion at the top or a position beyond that of the distal support arm segment of fixed said tension member and a second end of the. Said tension member, thereby biasing one or both of the proximal support arm segment and the distal support arm segment with respect to the hinge system.


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. A system of linear equations in F np is Sidorenko if any subset of F np contains at least as many solutions to the system as a random set of the same density, asymptotically as n → ∞ . A system of linear equations is common if any 2-colouring of F np yields at least as many monochromatic solutions to the system of equations as a random 2-colouring, asymptotically as n → ∞ . Both classification problems remain wide open despite recent attention. We show that a certain generic family of systems of two linear equations is not Sidorenko. In fact, we show that systems in this family are not locally Sidorenko, and that systems in this family which do not contain additive tuples are not weakly locally Sidorenko. This endeavour answers a conjecture and question of Kamˇcev–Liebenau– Morrison. Insofar as methods, we observe that the true complexity of a linear system is not maintained under Fourier inversion; our main novelty is the use of higher-order methods in the frequency space of systems which have complexity one. We also give a shorter proof of the recent result of Kamˇcev–Liebenau–Morrison and independently Versteegen that any linear system containing a four term arithmetic progression is uncommon.


Motion pictures will be shown of liquid jets that develop in air bubbles pulsating at 60 Hz and redevelop in each cycle. The air bubbles grow by rectified diffusion from nuclei present in a glycerin‐water mixture to sizes on the order of a few millimeters, and are then trapped on a platform situated within the resonator. The resonator consists of an aluminum cylinder, with heavy glass end windows, that is oscillated at 60 Hz by a vibration platform. The ambient pressure above the liquid is reduced to near that of the vapor pressure, which allows the resonator to generate large pulsation amplitudes in the air bubbles at low driving amplitudes. The pictures to be shown were made in two different ways. The first was made with a high‐speed Fastax camera running at approximately 4000 frames/sec with bright field illumination. The second was made with bright field illumination from a high‐intensity strobe that was driven near the oscillation frequency of the resonator. [Work supported by the Naval Academy Resea...


lizing serum markers, imaging tests and genetic studies has not achieved sufficient acceptance yet and hence biopsy is still considered the only valid and gold standard for patients with CHB or hepatitis C on duration, planning and effectiveness of treatment (2). In fact, although the model developed in the current article has significantly high sensitivity and specificity, that should not be overlooked; 122 of 301 (41%) in all patients still need liver biopsy to make treatment decision. Utilization of both indirect and direct markers (Procollagen type 1 and type III, type IV collagen, hyaluronic acid, laminin, matrix metalloproteinases, etc.) in combination may reduce the need for biopsy in studies investigating such models (3). In conclusion, liver biopsy is still gold standard and to reduce real sense of the need for liver biopsy, more studies that have combined utilization of direct and indirect markers in developed models even with high sensitivity and specificity are needed.


This paper discusses the problem of how to learn and revise rules for a new task. It will use the framework of the ACT-R theory, which uses analogy to learn new productions. As an example, two general rules to learn new productions will be discussed that can learn two different tasks, a beam-task and a card-classification task.


With its applicability spanning numerous data-driven fields, the implementation of graph analytics on multicore platforms is gaining momentum. The most important component of a multicore chip is its communication backbone. Due to the inherent irregularities in data movements manifested by graph based applications, it is essential to design an efficient on-chip interconnect for multicore chips performing graph analytics. In this paper we present a detailed analysis of the traffic patterns generated by graph-based applications when mapped to multicore chips. Based on this analysis, we present the design of wireless Network-on-Chip (WiNoC)-enabled multicore platforms for efficient implementation of graph analytics. When compared to traditional wireline mesh architecture, WiNoC enables a faster data exchange among the computing cores, leading to reduced execution times and lower energy dissipation. We demonstrate that depending on the particular graph application, the WiNoC reduces the execution time up to 35% and lowers the energy dissipation up to 40% when compared to traditional wireline mesh.


The primary purpose of this study was to investigate improved numerical techniques for predicting flows through multistage compressors. The vehicle chosen for this study was the Pennsylvania State University Research Compressor (PSRC). The PSRC facility consists of a 3-1/2 stage axial flow compressor which shares design features which are consistent with embedded stages of modern gas turbine engine axial flow compressors. In Part 2 of this two part paper, time-dependent predictions of rotor/stator/rotor aerodynamic interactions were employed to quantify the levels and distribution of deterministic stresses resulting from the average-passage flowfield description. Details of the spanwise and blade-to-blade distributions of the velocity correlations are examined and compared with results based on physical deterministic flow structures such as blade wakes and clearance flows. The predicted "apparent" wake profile decay resulting from the interaction of the wake through a downstream blade row is presented and compared with test data. This "apparent" wake profile decay is employed to define a simplified model for deterministic stress correlations in a steady state flowfield prediction scheme which retains the "mixing plane" methodology. Calculations based on this proposed model are described and predicted results are compared with both time-dependent predictions and test data. The resulting prediction strategy is both computational efficient and contains sufficient physical realism to permit its use in design studies. INTRODUCTION Traditional turbomachinery blading design methods are founded on an idealized flow description which is assumed to be steady, and, in some physically meaningful sense, representative of the "average" aerodynamic conditions for any given blade passage in a given airfoil row. To adequately represent actual flow conditions in a multistage compressor, then, this "average" flow condition must account for numerous influences due to nonideal flow features. Flow unsteadiness is an inherent feature of turbomachinery flowfields, and the time-averaged influence of this unsteadiness can have a significant impact on the time-averaged flow for a given blade row. Unfortunately, the overall effect of this flow unsteadiness is not typically included as part of the design process primarily because insufficient data were available to adequately describe the unsteady flow processes for an arbitrary design. The issue is, how then can one legitimately incorporate the effects of periodic unsteadiness in blade design analyses for multistage turbomachinery? Advances in measurement technology and computational methods development have advanced the understanding of unsteady flows in turbomachines to the point where design-like flow models incorporating the time-averaged effects of turbomachinery flow unsteadiness are beginning to emerge, and this paper attempts to address this subject using both experimental and computational data. The cornerstone of this research lies in the mathematical specification of the desired "average" flow condition for a given blade row. In this study, the Adamczyk (1985) average-passage equation system was selected as the most suitable description of the desired flow. The complicating Presented at the International Gas Turbine & Aeroengine Congress & Exhalation Orlando, Florida —June 2-June 5,1997 Downloaded From: http://proceedings.asmedigitalcollection.asme.org/ on 07/19/2018 Terms of Use: http://www.asme.org/about-asme/terms-of-use factor brought about by the average-passage equation system is the problem of closure for the various correlation terms resulting from the ensemble, time, and passage-topassage averaging procedures employed to develop the governing equations. Prediction schemes for three-dimensional flows through multistage turbomachinery using modern Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools can generally be classified into one of three categories: • 1 Steady flow "mixing plane" analyses • 2 Time-dependent flow analyses • 3 Average-passage based flow analyses The mixing plane approach (item 1, above) represents perhaps the simplest formulation with, not surprisingly, the least accurate physical representation. The mixing plane approach employs a rather arbitrarily chosen interface plane located roughly midway between neighboring blade rows across which spanwise flow information is transferred from one blade passage domain to another. Flow variables on either side of the mixing plane are circumferentially averaged and passed to the neighboring blade row as a means of smearing out the circumferential nonuniformities resulting from dissimilar blade counts (see Hall, (1997)) for additional details). The mixing plane concept is a cost-effective approach computationally because the flow is steady, and the individual blade passage domains are limited to a nearblade region. Unfortunately, the accuracy of this approach is clearly questionable under some circumstances because of the placement of the mixing plane and the loss of spatial information resulting from the circumferential averaging operator. Time-dependent solution approaches (item 2, above) involves predicting the time-resolved unsteady aerodynamics resulting from the interactions occurring between relatively rotating blade rows. Early attempts to predict deterministic unsteadiness in turbomachines using nonlinear equation systems were performed by Erdos et al. (1977). and later by Rao and Delaney (1990), and Jorgensen and Chima (1989). Direct calculations of this type are, relatively speaking, computationally expensive, and are presently impractical for machines with more than 2-3 blade rows. However, limited applications of time-dependent anlyses have been useful for determining key aspects of neighboring blade row interactions. Some reduction in computational effort can be achieved by relaxing the degree of coupling between blade rows. Under many circumstances, it may be reasonable to uncouple the unsteady interactions between blade rows in what Dorney (1996) refers to as the "loosely coupled" approach. A number of wake/blade row simulation efforts have been developed, primarily as research vehicles, to analyze the effects of wake passing through downstream blade rows (see e.g. Chen et al. (1994)). Methods in the third solution category (item 3 above) are based on the average-passage equation system developed by Adamczyk (1985). Celestina et al. (1986) also developed a numerical solution stratgey for the average-passage equation system based on a sophisticated overlapping solution domain whereby the influences of neighboring blade rows are represented by physical blockage, body force and energy source terms. In the Adamczyk approach, the effects of deterministic unsteadiness are essentially lumped together based on deviations from a common axisymmetric flow description for each blade row. The advantage of the averagepassage equation methodology is that the temporally and spatially averaged equations system reduce the solution to a steady flow environment; and, within the accuracy of the correlation model, the solution is representative of the average aerodynamic condition experienced by a given blade row under the influence of all other blade rows in the machine. Unfortunately, current average-passage equation solution algorithms are computationally expensive, difficult to initialize, and the solution is highly dependent on the correlation model employed to close the system of equations. Rhie et al. (1995) demonstrated an average-passage solution methodology similar to that originally proposed by Adamczyk (1985). LeJambre et al. (1995) subsequently employed this type of analysis in a multistage axial compressor design study and effectively improved a baseline design based on results from the average-passage based flow simulation. Sondak et at (1996) demonstrated a "lumped" deterministic stress model based on lower order (inviscid) timedependent simulations of rotor/stator aerodynamic interactions to predict the complex time-avaerged flow through a compressor stage. This approach successfully resulted in a 63% savings in CPU time compared to a fully coupled, unsteady viscous simulation. In spite of the advances in the understanding of periodic unsteadiness in turbomachinery flows, and the development of the average passage equation system, suitable turbomachinery blade design procedures which directly incorporate these effects have not been advanced. Rigorous development of closure modeling schemes for the average-passage equation system have been hampered by a significant lack of data concerning the magnitude, distribution, and influence of the various deterministic correlation terms on the time/space averaged blade passage flow. This paper attempts to address these deficiencies by illustrating computational results which predict the magnitude and distribution of the various average-passage correlation terms, and by proposing a simple modeling procedure for these cor-


The article is devoted to the historical manor parks of one of the picturesque regions of Ukraine – Poltava Region. The focus of the study is on traditions and peculiarities of their formation, which developed historically in the period of the 18th-19th centuries. Historical-factual, monographic, stylistic, and comparative-historical methods were used during the research. The methods of theoretical analysis, visual inspection and graphic reconstruction were also applied. The article presents a brief history of the emergence of manor and park complexes in the region. Foreign and local specialists, who were involved in their formation, including park areas, are presented. Manor parks were distinguished by the nature of landscape design and planning composition. The article proves that the functional and planning composition of manor parks of the Poltava Region was based on the following structural elements: park (landscape), economic and production, greenhouse, and orchard zones. The main features of the solution of the Poltava Region historical manor parks were revealed. They consisted in the harmonious combination of a natural massif of greenery with created landscape groups, existing water sources with artificial ponds, and architectural buildings of estates. Traditionally, life in Poltava manors was mainly focused on calm rest and the development of agricultural (or industrial) productions' branches. The landscape and hydrological characteristics of the area and the dendrological composition of the vegetation were the basis for the landscape-planning solution of manor parks. Local gardeners and gardening experts involved in the work tried to preserve and emphasize them. Manor parks continue to interest researchers as examples of garden and park art. Exquisite stylistic solutions, interesting landscape and dendrological compositions were tested on these private territories. Unique views and landscapes were created here.


Modified atmosphere hermetic storage, now used in over 115 countries for fumigant-free storage of dry commodities from coffee to rice and maize, has been available for almost three decades. This paper describes the progress in the field use of hermetic postharvest storage systems and of recent innovations in this technology which include the introduction of remote monitoring of temperature, humidity and O2 or CO2 levels in large, sealed hermetic containers. Also, introduced in 2018, is the Cocoon Lite™, a 2nd generation multi-tonne container with major improvements in the permeability, weight and cost of high performance, large hermetic storage systems. Early examples of the uses of these innovations and data obtained from their study is expected by year end. The GrainPro EcoWiSe™ is a remote sensing system that enables monitoring of temperature, moisture and oxygen/carbon dioxide levels, thus providing real-time data on the conditions of the stored commodity involved without manual intervention. One (or more) low-cost, remote, wireless sensors/transmitters placed inside sealed. Postharvest hermetic storage units can be read remotely on laptops or cellphones. Data collected and accumulated over time enables development of an "algorithm" for a stored commodity to define an alarm, where the user can be notified immediately of any unsafe humidity or oxygen storage conditions. A substantial advance in large hermetic storage containers known as Cocoons™ is the new Cocoon Lite, a 500:1 improvement in permeability to oxygen as well as a unit weight only 28% of existing Cocoons with the same capacity and a significantly lower cost. The paper also discusses prevention of the public health hazard of exponential growth of aflatoxin levels in conventional postharvest storage such as in rice, maize, and groundnuts; field data is provided on the control achieved through hermetic storage.


A great teacher perceives and utilizes teachable moments in the classroom, that is, moments in which classroom activities, attention, and conversation come together to create an opportunity for conceptual change. The Anywhere Museum implements the teachable moment in the environment as an instrument that provokes and yet has the proper content to support inquiry. We enumerate the socio-technical characteristics of the genre, explain the relationship between the Anywhere Museum and other related genres (advertising, museum presentations), and give an in-depth description of the building of components of the Anywhere Museum on the Virginia Tech campus. The results of the research are a set of patterns that begin to suggest the opportunities and boundaries nascent in the genre.


For studying the growing situation of microorganism in the production process of Hunan bacon.After selecting based on the principle of sausage fermenting-agent screening,dominant bacteria privileged were separated from Hunan traditional bacon products,and by biochemical identification,the result indicates that: The dominant bacteria in Hunan traditional bacon were lactobacillus and staphylococcus.Dominant bacteria separated in the test contained: between the 2 colonies of lactobacillus,R1 were identified as L.planetarium,and R2 were assigned to the species of L.alimentarius,and between the 2 colonies of staphylococcus,both A1 and A2 were Staphylococcus carouses.


ASIMUT, the BIRA-IASB radiative transfer code, was modified in order to take into account the changes in the atmospheric composition and structure across the martian day/night terminator.
Here, we will discuss the impact of this implementation on the retrievals of ozone profiles derived from SPICAM solar occultations in the ultraviolet.


Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social impairment and circumscribed and repetitive behavior and interests. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of group therapy, which was designed to enhance university-related behavior, in Japanese university students with high-functioning ASD, based on their specific social, communication and emotional needs. The participants included 11 students with ASD aged between 19 and 24 (mean 21.0) years. A single-group, pre-post-intervention design was implemented in the study. The Clinical global Impressions-Severity scale, Beck Depression Inventory, State Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Inventory Scale were completed before and after group therapy. The results showed significant post intervention improvements in depressive symptom, anxiety, and self-esteem, indicating that the group therapy was effective for students with ASD.


The structure and internal control principle of complex switching switch are elaborated emphatically. The internal structure and software design of the intelligent switching controller are introduced in detail. The intelligent capacitor has a self-diagnostic function and can automatically remove failure capacitors. In the intelligent capacitor,the "cycle switching" mode of multi-switching criterion is adopted for fast automatic switching. The test result shows that the device can achieve the purpose of fast and accurate compensation.


The authors describe, discuss, and illustrate two new species of Tillandsia from a granitic outcrop in the municipality of Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro state, and from an inselberg located in the municipality of Belo Jardim, Pernambuco state, Brazil. The species are endemic with a restricted area of distribution, being considered critically endangered (CR) mainly due to habitat fragmentation and illegal extractivism, specifically for regional and international trade. We also present the phenology, a distribution map of the species, and compare them with morphologically similar taxa.


The symmetry of rotation vibration spectra of molecule SiO_2 is described by means of group U(5). Grouptheory approach is adopted to give the matrix elements of stimulated Raman scattering in fiber. The cross sectionsand gain coefficients of stimulated Raman scattering are given. The results are in good agreement with the experi-mental values.


We study a novel information retrieval problem, where the query is a time series for a given time period, and the retrieval task is to find relevant documents in a text collection of the same time period, which contain topics that are correlated with the query time series. This retrieval problem arises in many text mining applications where there is a need to analyze text data in order to discover potentially causal topics. To solve this problem, we propose and study multiple retrieval algorithms that use the general idea of ranking text documents based on how well their terms are correlated with the query time series. Experiment results show that the proposed retrieval algorithm can effectively help users find documents that are relevant to the time series queries, which can help users analyze the variation patterns of the time series.


This paper presents an overview of ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator (FLC SLM) dynamic digital holographic filtering technology and its application to WDM network components. Early work demonstrated a dynamically tunable filter and, in conjunction with an erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA), a fibre laser[1]. The hologram design algorithm was subsequently expanded to yield a multiple variable amplitude passband filter, or spectral equaliser, for four[2] or six[3] WDM channels. Latest results for eight-channel equalisation are presented in this article, together with a demonstration of flattening the spectral shape of an individual passband. The paper concludes with a discussion of future work, including the redesign of filter parameters to meet ITU standards, and further improvements in computerised hologram design to achieve finer tuning resolution.


The essay is the result of a research about the phone of Carmelo Bene carried out by Paolo Prota and Rosario Diana with the patronage and support of the Accademia di Belle Arti di Napoli and the Istituto per la Storia del Pensiero Filosofico e Scientifico Moderno – Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples. The other result of the research was an installation – Phone / Bene (Schedario) – dedicated to four important works by Carmelo Bene: Manfred (1979), Pinocchio (1981), Variazioni per voce dai "Canti orfici" di Dino Campana (1982), Voce dei Canti di Giacomo Leopardi (1998). In the installation and in the essay the emphasis is placed on the musical dimension of the voice and its difference from the music, the song and the Sprechgesang .


Biochar helps plant growth and is commonly used in agriculture as a soil conditioner for charcoal. This paper examines biochar, focusing on its usefulness for soil remediation, production, environmental benefits, and bioeconomic advantages. When comparing biochar with other carbon-rich solids, biochar can reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Biochar is produced using raw materials such as animal manure and waste. The conversion of waste into an adequate carbon-rich solid is an effective way to add value to the material. The sustainability of biochar feedstock can ensure the safety and stability of the food supply when other organic feedstocks are unavailable to ensure food production. Biochar is also a soil amendment that significantly improves the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil, and can be used to remove contaminants such as heavy metals and other harmful substances from the soil and reduces the density of the soil so that it can absorb more of the air, water and nutrients that the soil needs. At the same time, reducing the density of the soil provides a more suitable environment for microorganisms to live in. Biochar can be used in industrial, agricultural, and other areas with economic advantages. Therefore, biochar can be a value-added product to sustain the economy. It is a product with economic value and provides additional income.


The particle collecting device equipped with a particle collection device in the aircraft, and has, in a single-pole (single-pole) ions generated by the discharge electrodes to charge the floating particulate matter, dust having a potential difference with respect to the charged particles in the discharge electrode in a manner to pull up the electrode and collecting the suspended particulate matter in the air. The particle collecting device is highly random driven to transport of trapping suspended particulates of any height. Particle collection device is withdrawn to the surface, a variety of measurements, or are used to a wide range of measurements on aircraft.


Based on Jesesnianski's typhoon model, a quasi-3D numerical model, which considers the variation of the vertical turbulent coefficient from bottom to surface and the correction of the convection term in the momentum equations, was put forward to simulate the storm surge current in this paper. From verification of the water level around Taihu Lake under the Winnie typhoon, the storm surge current field was obtained in Taihu Lake. The results show that this model can be utilized to reproduce and predict storm surge currents and their effects. Thus, from the view of prediction, the flow current numerical model combined with a typhoon model is better than others.


Among the many controversial problems of the Amarna Period is the interpretation of the so-called birth scene in Room γ in the Royal Tomb at Amarna. In fact, there is a second, very similar scene in Room α, this chapter concentrates on Room γ. The scene occupies the East wall of a room in the Amarna royal tomb which appears to have been specially designed for the burial of Akhenaten and Nefertiti's second daughter Meketaten. The inscription above the body of Meketaten on her deathbed is clear enough, the text inscribed in two columns in front of the woman holding the child has only partly survived, that is, it did until 1934, when what was left of the text and indeed of much of the decoration was almost entirely destroyed by vandals. Keywords: death of Meketaten; royal tomb at Amarna


The article presents the results of the aerosol measurements carried out on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea during 1986 – 1993. Aerosol size distributions in the diameter range of 0.01–10 μm have been measured with the electric aerosol spectrometer (EAS). A short description of EAS is given. The majority of number distributions obtained by measurements were of monomodal shape. Modal diameter varied at 0.01–0.1 μm. Seven percent of all number distributions were of bimodal shape with modes at 0.010 – 0.032 μm and at 0.032 – 0.1 μm, separated with a minimum at 0.018 – 0.056 μm. The majority of aerosol mass distributions were of bimodal shape and consisted of an accumulation mode varying at 0.18 – 1.0 μm and of a coarse particle mode at 1.8 – 10 μm separated by a minimum varying at 0.56 – 3.2 μm. Parameters of the Junge distribution and the 4-parameter KL distribution have been obtained. The variability of aerosol concentrations and the stability of aerosol at a fixed site have been studied analyzing the time sequences of aerosol number distributions. The variability of concentrations depended on particle size. The variability was about 0.7 at 0.1 – 0.3 μm and rose toward both the smaller and larger diameters up to values 1.4 at 0.01 μm and 1.7 at 10 μm.


The electrical and thermal conductivity are determined in linear response theory taking into account the transport of free electrons and hopping between bound electron states within a partially ionized plasma model. The theory is applied to dense fluid hydrogen as well as to aluminum plasma. Possible mechanisms for the observed metal-nonmetal transitions are discussed.


The aim of this article is to develop a framework for voluntary non-remunerated blood donation that takes into account the interaction between risk-aversion and the usual explanatory factors in the agent's decision to donate blood. We use the theoretical model of pro-social behaviour by Bénabou & Tirole (2006). We introduce two di§erences with the original model in order to make it more realistic in the French context. First, donors are not rewarded. Second, risk-averse agents are apprehensive about blood donation. We derive several testable assumptions from our model and we use a reduced form econometric model to provide a confrontation between theory and empirical findings. The dataset at hand is a nationally representative survey of individuals aged 18+ and living in the community in 2012 France, with variables on blood donation, health, economic, and social features of more than 10,000 respondents. We estimated a Linear Probability Hurdle (two-part) model that takes into account the classification of donors defined by the French Blood Service into active donors, potential donors, and disqualified donors. Our empirical results support the main assumptions from the theoretical model. In particular, we found that risk-averse individuals are less prone to give their blood. We also found that stigma considerations (or shame) dominate honour considerations as a motive for blood donation.


Microbial transformation or degradation of hydrophobic substrates is usually hindered by their limited aqueous solubilities. Pickering interfacial catalysis in biphasic systems has recently been developed to enhance catalytic efficiency. Till now, catalytically active microorganisms have been rarely exploited as Pickering emulsifiers. Here, whole-cell-based Pickering interfacial biocatalysis was implemented by using Mycobacterium neoaurum whole cells as robust emulsifiers and self-replicating biocatalysts. The biocatalysis was exemplified by microbial transformation of hydrophobic cholesterol into androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (AD) and androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione (ADD). We found that Pickering emulsions with different oil types were stabilized solely by the hydrophobic bacteria. Meanwhile, the effective adsorption of the bacteria at the Pickering interfaces dramatically enhanced their biocatalytic activities, demonstrating that Pickering interfacial biocatalysis was a new mechanism for bacteria to utilize hydrophobic substrates. By varying key parameters, it was also shown that the biocatalytic activity was closely correlated with the Pickering emulsion structure. Furthermore, the efficient fermentation of cholesterol in the Pickering emulsion was firstly realized with rapid cell growth and high AD(D) productivity, revealing that the oil–water interface of Pickering emulsions was an exceptional habitat for bacteria to simultaneously utilize hydrophobic and hydrophilic chemicals. This study will offer a new strategy for effective microbial transformation of hydrophobic substrates.


This paper explores the Anglo-American School of New Criticism, with especial reference to Cleanth Brooks' The Well-Wrought Urn.Its attempts to reflect on current critical reading practices of this and to arrive at a full grasp of the principles at work., The study focuses on the prominent critic Cleanth Brooks and examines the degree and scale of his affiliation to established principles of New Criticism. The paper also proposes to critique the theoretical underpinnings that inform such this critical approach. It highlights its implications to the knowledge-making process in general.


The excess volume of mixing as a function of composition has been measured at 40°C for mixtures of hexafluorobenzene with eight hydrocarbons, cyclohexane, cyclohexene, 1,3-cyclohexadiene, benzene, toluene, p-xylene, mesitylene, and cumene. The results indicate that the fluorocarbon forms complexes with the hydrocarbons to an increasing extent as the electrondonating power of the hydrocarbon is increased. In an attempt to elucidate the nature of the complexing, the dipole moment of hexafluorobenzene has been measured in solutions of cyclohexane, benzene, p-xylene and mesitylene. The results are inconclusive but it is probable that any intermolecular bonding due to charge transfer interaction is extremely weak.


While all eyes are currently on Catalonia, it was the Basque Country that first sought a degree of sovereignty from Spain over a decade ago, when then Basque President, Juan Jose Ibarretxe, proposed redefining the Basque relationship with Spain as one of 'free association'. But why did Madrid's refusal of Ibarretxe's proposals result in a return to moderation, whereas deposed Catalan President Carles Puigdemont and his allies decided to defy Madrid and proceed with their plans? Caroline Gray explains the different responses.


A new dual‐wavelength, high‐energy, solid‐state laser incorporating both 532 and 1064 nm wavelengths was developed with cryogen spray cooling and the unique ability to deliver three types of pulse structures including single pulses of a specific pulse‐duration or pulses composed of a train of subpulses in the millisecond or microsecond domain with an intervening delay over the selected pulse‐duration. We investigate the efficacy of this laser using all three pulse structures and the 532 nm wavelength for treating rosacea.


This invention relates to a metal shell lithium ion secondary battery with large capacity, which is characterized by the following: the positive terminals and the negative terminals are separately composed of upper pad board, upper insulation part and the down insulation pad board, wherein, the upper pad and upper insulation part are long round part; using two or more rivet bolts through positive or negative electrode ears top, down insulation board, sealed cover base, upper insulation part and the upper pad board co-hole into one part; the positive or negative electrode ears bottom ends are connected to the electrode ears of the positive or negative electrodes; the battery core is composed of two or more parallel roller cores.


In this paper we present NeMoS, a program written in Java that allows monitoring of a distributed system with sound. The architecture is client/server: the server collects (by polling via SNMP [19]) data from the monitored Network Components and the client plays accordingly. The sonication technique associates events (as dened by the user) to MIDI tracks. Our system is versatile (several channels of events can be created and used), easily congurable (personalization of events and tracks is offered to users), standard (it ts within the framework described in RFC 2570 [6]), distributed (multiple clients can be anywhere in the system) and portable (using Java as Programming Language).


Since both ultraviolet rays and the chemical hydrocarbons have been used extensively in the experimental production of cancer the question arises whether a similar mechanism is involved in the formation of tumors by the two types of agent. Certain factors appear common to both. When proper technics are used, each can induce cancer of the skin in about the same length of time. Each involves a latent period, and tumors due to either may only become visible many months after the initial exciting agent has been withdrawn (25). Diets high in fat accelerate the production of tumors due to either agent (2, 3, 16), and the local application of cholesterol in oil likewise accelerates both types of carcinogenesis (i4, 24). These similarities may, however, be essentially superficial; the assumption of a similarity in carcinogenic mechanism would certainly be strengthened if it could be shown that one carcinogen could replace the other during the precancerous period (13). A synergism between two dissimilar carcinogens was demonstrated by Rous and associates (18, e l ) when benign warts which had been induced in rabbits' ears by the application of tar became large and invasive after the intravenous injection of Shope papilloma virus. Neither agent by itself induced malignant tumors so quickly. Similarly, Ahlstrom and Andrewes (I) observed an intensified response to fibroma virus when tar was injected intramuscularly. The regression of the lesions was delayed markedly and some fibromas grew to resemble malignant neoplasms. The combined application of ultraviolet irradiation and carcinogenic chemical has not, however, yielded very striking results. Increased cancer formation has been reported due to the combination of ultraviolet light and tar ( i I, 28), but the observations have not been confirmed with pure hydrocarbons (24, 27) , and some workers have actually noted a decrease in the carcinogenic potency of benzpy-


Title A Logical Typology of Normative Systems : and its relation to deontic logic Author(s) Žarni�, Berislav Citation SOCREAL 2010: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Philosophy and Ethics of Social Reality, 215-279 Issue Date 2010 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/43238 Type proceedings Note SOCREAL 2010: 2nd International Workshop on Philosophy and Ethics of Social Reality. Sapporo, Japan, 2010-0327/28. Session 2: Normative Systems Additional Information There are other files related to this item in HUSCAP. Check the above URL. File Information Berislav.abs.pdf (Revised Extended Abstract)


The farming of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) returns to Cuba with good results, using varieties obtained in the country, for what it becomes necessary to study the fungi present in the seeds in order to establish a strategy for the diagnosis and control of diseases that can reduce the yields since the quality of the stored seeds is affected. There were isolated and identified twelve species of fungi of which eleven constitute new inputs for Cuba. These fungi are associated with three diseases widely distributed by the world; rotting of the foot, black point and mildew of the seeds.


Adolescent known with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (SVPT) of approximately 5 years (electrophysiological study benefits from a slow track ablation), converted to sinus rhytm and variable antiarrythmic treatment, is hospitalized with signs and symptoms significant for severe congestive heart failure. ECG on admission shows SVPT, transthoracic echocardiography shows severely depressed contractile function, dilatation of both ventricules, chest radiography shows a global increase of the heart mostely due to the left ventricle increase. The pacient is diagnosed with arrythmic dilated cardiomyopathy - ADCM (possibly by reentry mecanism) and severe congestive heart failure, it was frequently investigated, currently under treatment with Amiodarona, reserved for long- term prognosis.


AIM
In utero irradiation models induce diffuse neuronal damage. Experimental studies have shown that hyperthermia induced seizures are easily elicited and have high mortality accompanied by neuronal loss. Neuronal damage and loss are the results of cell death coupled with cortical development in altered cellular development. The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in hippocampus that was exposed to irradiation and hyperthermia.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Four groups were studied: 1) The irradiation group was exposed to 225 cGy irradiation on the 17th gestational day; 2) The hyperthermia group was exposed to hyperthermia on the 10th postnatal day; 3) The hyperthermia plus irradiation group was exposed to in utero irradiation and postnatal hyperthermia; 4) The control group was sham operated. Animals were examined 3 and 6 months later.

RESULTS
The hippocampus was atrophic with neuronal loss in CA regions and ectopic neurons were in irradiation group. Severe damage with the most atrophy was demonstrated in all regions of the irradiation plus hyperthermia group. In long term, damage was severe in all groups.

CONCLUSION
This study demonstrated more damage in hippocampi exposed to both irradiation and hyperthermia that may be taken as an evidence for the double hit hypothesis in the development of hippocampal damage.


The stress intensity factor (SIF) is important parameter for estimating the life of cracked structure. There are several techniques for calculating SIF like displacement extrapolation method, j –integral technique and virtual crack closure technique. In this paper SIF of an Aluminium plate with central crack is computed using virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) with the help pf Finite element software ANSYS .The values obtained are compared with empirical values and displacement extrapolation method values and found that they are in order. Using Paris law the life of the Aluminium plate with fatigue load is also predicted.


The thrive and development degree of service industry is a distinguished symbol of economic assessment.In America,the employment in this industry covers more than 80 percent of the total.Scientifical planning and adjusting the space structure in service industry,improving the proportion of this industry in the national economy of Shaanxi province are not only the safeguard for developing local national economy in a rapid and healthy way,but also a forceful measure for developing local comprehensive power and overall quality,it is a basic requirement of establishing a harmonious society as well.


A process for producing with satisfactory productivity inorganic spheres substantially uniform in particle diameter. The process for inorganic sphere production comprises a step in which an alkaline aqueous liquid containing an inorganic compound is injected through a minute hole into a surfactant-containing organic liquid which is flowing in a laminar-flow state to form a W/O emulsion and a step in which the aqueous-liquid droplets containing the inorganic compound which are present in the W/O emulsion are solidified with an acid to form inorganic spheres. As the organic liquid is used one which has undergone contacting with an acid either in the W/O emulsion state or after having been separated from the W/O emulsion or one which has been separated and recovered after contact with the aqueous liquid.