Simple Summary Cat breeds differ enormously in their emotional reactivity, a factor that can impact upon the success of the pet-owner relationship, with indirect consequences for animal welfare. Traditional methods of assessing emotional reactivity in cats have focused largely on questionnaire-based assessments of breed-specific behavioural profiles. We explored whether paw preferences, which have been linked to emotional reactivity in animals, are related to cat breed. The paw preferences of 4 commonly owned cat breeds were tested on a food-reaching challenge. Cats' paw preferences differed between the breeds. Bengal cats were more likely to show a left-sided paw preference than other breeds, whilst Persians showed the weakest paw preferences, veering more heavily towards ambilaterality. Results confirmed our earlier work in showing a strong tendency for left paw use in male cats and right paw use in females. We propose that paw preference measurement could provide a useful method for assessing emotional reactivity in domestic cats, adding to our currently limited artillery of tools for determining breed-specific profiles. Such information would be of benefit to individuals considering the acquisition of a new cat, and, in the longer term may help to foster more successful cat-owner relationships, leading to indirect benefits to feline welfare. Abstract Cat breeds differ enormously in their behavioural disposition, a factor that can impact on the pet-owner relationship, with indirect consequences for animal welfare. This study examined whether lateral bias, in the form of paw preference, can be used as a tool for assessing breed differences in emotional reactivity in the cat. The paw preferences of 4 commonly owned breeds were tested using a food-reaching challenge. Cats were more likely to be paw-preferent than ambilateral. Maine Coons, Ragdolls and Bengals were more likely to be paw-preferent than ambilateral, although only the Bengals showed a consistent preference for using one paw (left) over the other. The strength of the cats' paw use was related to cat breed, with Persians being more weakly lateralised. Direction of paw use was unrelated to feline breed, but strongly sex-related, with male cats showing a left paw preference and females displaying a right-sided bias. We propose that paw preference measurement could provide a useful method for assessing emotional reactivity in domestic cats. Such information would be of benefit to individuals considering the acquisition of a new cat, and, in the longer term, may help to foster more successful cat-owner relationships, leading to indirect benefits to feline welfare.


Objective To study the sleep bruxism occurred in OSAHS patients.Methods The frequency of bruxism episodes existed in OSAHS patients was observed by polysomnography.Results Among 381 OSAHS patiets,238(62.5%)have SB.There were 1 437(57.0%)bruxism episodes occurred at the terminal of 2 520 OSA episodes.Conclusion More than half of OSAHA patients are associated with SB.


Objective To solve the problems of forming difficulty and poor surface quality for normal hydro- mechanical deep drawing of 2A16 aluminum alloy conical part. Methods Sheet warm hydroforming was introduced and three solutions to form the conical part were designed. Numerical simulations were executed to analyze all the solutions using the finite element software Dynaform. Meanwhile,the experiment of one- step warm hydroforming was carried out. Results The correctness of the finite element model was verified by the experiments. As known from the analysis of the simulation,the forming defects included wrinkling of noncontact region and fracture at the punch corner and die corner. The scheme of one- step forming was not desirable,while two- step forming schemes could control the thinning rate below 13% and the risk of wrinkling mainly occurred in the noncontact region of 30 to 55 mm below the part flange. Conclusion Compared with normal hydro- mechanical deep drawing,warm hydroforming significantly increased the formability of materials. Two-step warm hydroforming could successfully obtain 2A16 aluminum alloy conical part. The designed shape of preforming punch evidently affected the surface quality of the final part. The final solution was determined as first hot stamping the cylindrical part and then forming the conical part by warm hydroforming.


Myeloid leukemias are clonal disorders originating from a primitive multipotential hematopoietic cell and characterized by aberrant proliferation, differentiation and maturation of leukemic progenitors and precursor cells. Studies have identified sub-populations of leukemic cells possessing different functional capabilities. Hypothesis hold that the heterogeneity is mainly due to leukemia stem cells (LSC). Data from the past decade implied that LSC has impact on the care of myeloid leukemias. The history of LSCs and the more recent data of the origin, immunophenotype, frequency and self-renew ability of LSCs are reviewed.

Key words:
Leukemia; Immunophenotyping; Stem cells


All fourteen isolates of Pencillium expansum were screened for the production of L-glutaminase. The screening of L-glutaminase producing isolates carried out by using modified Czapek Dox's agar plate. Out of fourteen isolates the strain P. expansum KGSSD 08 were showed high and potential L-glutaminase producer. It showed maximum 1.11cm zone of diameter. Then the rapid confirmation of L-glutaminase producing Pencillium expansum KGSSD 08 were carried out by thin layer chromatography and the Rf Values were determined. The Rf value is 0.268.This Rf was close to that of standard glutamic acid.


This paper presents a multiport converter structure, based on a modified low-device-count DC-AC dual-active-bridge (DAB) converter, for interfacing multiple PV modules, while ensuring module-level maximum power point tracking. One of the major advantages of the proposed topology is that unlike conventional cascaded H-bridge solutions, both line-module and intermodule leakage current flows are prevented due to the presence of galvanic isolation between the grid and the modules and lack of direct connection between the modules on the dc side. The topological structure used to interface the different dc inputs is based on intermediate coupling at a common high-frequency ac bus and the use of a shared PWM inverter cell to generate the 50 Hz ac output. This reduces the overall device count as compared to the simple solution of using individual microinverters paralleled on the 50 Hz ac bus. The topology also retains the advantages of its core building block viz. zero-voltage-switching operation of the devices and the possibility of realizing power decoupling using film capacitors. PLECS simulation results on a 800 W peak system and preliminary experimental results are presented to verify operation of the circuit.


On 22 December 2010, the Danish Competition Council («DCC«) adopted a decision finding that the Danish incumbent postal carrier, Post Danmark A/S («Post Danmark«) had abused its dominant position in…


Heterogeneous catalysts usually show much lower catalytic activities than homogeneous catalysts due to insufficient dispersion and contact of catalytically active sites to reactants. Efforts have been made to solve this problem during past decades. Herein, we have synthesized a series of poly (ionic liquid)s (PILs), which are well swelled in ethylene carbonate (EC), by polymerization of N-vinylimidazolium ionic liquid monomers with divinylbenzene (DVB). The structure, morphology and swelling property of the PILs were charicreized by 13C MAS NMR, FT-IR and SEM. Cyro-SEM showed that the PILs demonstrate a 3D network structure in swelling state which might promote mass transfer and dispersion of active sites. The PILs were utilized in the reaction of 2-(phenylamino) ethanol (2-PAE) and EC and exhibited even better catalytic performance than homogeneous catalyst 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium acetate (BmimOAc). This superior catalytic activity is strongly related to the swelling property and selective absorption behavior of PILs. The absorption behavior was investigated by 1H NMR analysis of mole ratio of reactants to product inside and outside of PILs in the reaction mixture. It was found that the PILs could enrich reactants and eject products which could accelerate the reaction.


This study proposes a previously unexplored approach to the valuation of equity using accounting numbers. The valuation is carried out in two steps. First, a valuation anchor is provided by book value of equity or capitalized earnings. Second, a multiple based on a value driver of comparable firms, where the value driver might differ from the item that is used to provide the anchor, provides an estimate of the premium over the value anchor. The innovation of this approach is that it develops the widely-used multiples-based valuation approach to permit the incorporation of a company-specific anchor. We examine the valuation performance of this approach, by reference to the mean squared valuation error and bias and "explainability" components thereof. We find that, although our proposed approach outperforms most standard valuation approaches, it does not outperform the approach based on the simple price-toforward-earnings multiple. Valuation Anchors and Premium Multiples


Disturbances in emotional functioning are central features of the clinical profiles of both borderline and schizotypal personality disorder (BPD and SPD, respectively). BPD is characterized by a high sensitivity to emotional stimuli and unusually strong and long-lasting reactions, indicative of impaired habituation to emotional stimuli (Linehan, 1993). Previous research suggests that SPD patients demonstrate limbic hyper-reactivity to unpleasant stimuli, at least initially, but intact habituation to repeated presentation of unpleasant stimuli (Hazlett et al., 2012). The cingulate cortex supports various aspects of emotion processing and regulation, and abnormalities of this region have been related to emotion dysfunction in SPD and BPD (Koenigsberg, Fan, et al., 2009; Modinos, Ormel, & Aleman, 2010). However, findings of functional cingulate abnormalities in the context of emotion processing have been inconsistent in BPD and limited in SPD. The current study utilized event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in three groups, BPD patients, SPD patients, and healthy control individuals, during a task involving an intermixed series of unpleasant, neutral, and pleasant pictures, each presented twice within their respective trial. This approach permitted the examination of reactivity to emotional stimuli and habituation of emotional responses within the cingulate. Blood-oxygen-level dependent response values were obtained within the manually delineated anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and compared across groups. Compared to healthy controls and SPD patients, BPD patients exhibited significantly greater activity in the ACC during the presentation of neutral pictures. Heightened activity in the BPD group persisted across the initial and repeated presentations of neutral pictures. On the other hand, SPD patients exhibited greater activity in the ACC compared to healthy controls and BPD patients during the initial presentation of unpleasant pictures, but activity normalized when the pictures were repeated. The two patient groups demonstrated heightened ACC activation,


From the Document: At $14 billion, the investment in operating support for higher education institutions from the coronavirus relief bill, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act, is the largest one-year federal infusion of funds going straight to colleges since the Great Recession That includes $6 2 billion each for institutional support and emergency financial aid for college students;$1 billion for minority-serving institutions;and about $350 million for colleges most affected by the pandemic Yet it's nowhere close to enough COVID-19 (Disease);Federal aid to higher education;Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act;Universities and colleges


The success of a virtual organisation's (VO) operations is vitally dependent on interoperability and close collaboration between allied organisations and enterprises. This paper proposes a semantic web rule-based knowledge system applied to collaboration moderator service (CMS) to enable semantic integration of heterogeneous data for the moderation of shared knowledge among cooperative VOs. The proposed approach also shows how the new generation of the CMS supports collaborative working by: enhancing interoperability across different enterprise information systems, monitoring the activities of partners within the collaboration to identify opportunities for enhanced collaboration and raising awareness of potential misunderstandings or conflicts between partner strategies or decisions. Therefore, the semantic knowledge systems of CMS can function on a platform that supports interoperability and collaborative activities within VOs. A case study is conducted to illustrate the feasibility of the proposed model and the test results confirm its suitability.


Weapons violence is a major public health problem that especially impacts minority youth. Interventions designed to reduce weapon use by youth are categorized as educational/behavioral change, legal, and technological/environmental. Few educational programs currently exist, but those that do largely concern firearm safety courses, public information campaigns, counseling, classroom education, peer education and mentoring, and crisis intervention. Given that legal snd technological countermeasures have difficulty in controlling weapons violence, education seems a critical first step toward a comprehensive approach to preventing weapons-related violence. Potential educational interventions include educating students and their communities about the dangers inherent in carrying or possessing firearms. Potential legal interventions include firearm legislation assessment, taxation, stricter licensing and registration policies, and bans on selected types of firearms. Potential technological/environment interventions include designing safer weapons, eliminating ammunition types, and modifying the adverse environment in which weapons are used or carried. A combination of strategies should be used, but before interventions are discussed, professionals must address the inadequacy of current information on which to base firearm policy, ethical and philosophical issues involving metal detector use, and the community's role. The appendix contains a list of 16 associations to contact for additional


Paleoenvironmental reconstruction analysis characterize the Atoka sands of the North Vacuum field, Lea County, New Mexico, as being deposited in a braided fluvial system. The channels trend from northwest to southeast. In the past the only sure way of identifying the depositional environment of a sand was by cutting a whole core. With the addition of the Formation MicroScanner (FMS) images, now one can interpret the depositional environment with greater confidence and without the cost of a shale core. The depositional environment was determined for Atokan sands by using the FMS in two wells. The results were verified by whole core and FMS in one well. The FMS data interpreted on Schlumberger's Sun workstation indicated that the sand was deposited in a braided channel system. The following sequence was observed: (1) erosion of the underlying shale, (2) then coarse-grained sands were deposited in a downflow direction until the eroded channel was filled, (3) then the sands were laterally accreted perpendicular to flow direction producing the thickest sand bodies, and (4) the final stage occurred during sea level transgression when fine-grained sand and shale lenses capped the massive sands with depositional current bedding in a landward direction indicating fluvial-marine influences. Themore » conclusions based on the FMS images were supported by a whole core interpretation of a complete sandstone sequence in one well. Several additional locations have been chosen in the channel trend based on this model.« less


Service robot teams increasingly gain interest. These robots must achieve a high level of flexibility, adaptability, and efficiency in human-populated areas. With our project-concerned with service robot teams in structured environment-we present the integration of control and interaction structures to handle multiple transport and delivery tasks with several robots. This structure is implemented and tested on the mobile robot team ARIADNE.


In the development of solar absolute spectral irradiance observation equipment, high accuracy solar tracking system is one of the key links, and its tracking accuracy directly affects the irradiance measurement uncertainty. In order to determine the tracking accuracy of the four quadrant detectors, the principle and location algorithm of the four-quadrant detector is analyzed, and the method of calculating the precision of the tracking accuracy depending on astrogram is discussed by using the two-dimensional rotating table. The outdoor sun tracking experiment is carried out and the causes of the tracking error are analyzed. This can be seen in the experimental results. Four quadrant detector tracking error is as follows: the sun azimuth error is less than 0.375° and the azimuth error is less than 1.099°. The positioning accuracy is not only related to the environmental factors, but also the poor coincidence between the center of the cavity imaging hole of the detector and the center of the four-quadrant detector is the main reason for the large deviation of the mobile tracking curve.


Semantic similarity between sentences is a crucial task for many applications. The emerging of word embedding encourages calculating similarity between words and between sentences based on the new semantic word representation. On the other hand, WordNet is widely used to find semantic distance between sentences. This paper combines the using of pre-trained word vector and WordNet to measure semantic similarity between two sentences. In addition, word order similarity is applied to make the final similarity more accurate. The proposed approach has been implemented and tested using standard datasets. Experiments show that presented methods achieves better results comparing with other approaches previously proposed to measure sentence similarity.


The Permian glaciomarine rocks of Tasmania contain trepostome bryozoan colonies that encrust soft sediments. These colonies have initially attached to hard substrates such as dropstones or brachiopod shells and have subsequently grown outwards across the sediment palaeosurface. Colonies are large, one complete specimen is 35cm in diameter, and an incomplete mold specimen likely had an original size of up to 80cm diameter. Slow sediment accumulation rates must have occurred to form low-profile colonies of such large size. Colonies are of Stenopora crinita, and S. ovata, and occur in rocks of Artinskian age. These species also occur as branching and hard substrate encrusting forms, and massive colonies of S. crinita are known from New South Wales.


THE SEASONAL ADJUSTMENT of economic time series has recently received a great deal of attention from statisticians. The reason for this is not hard to perceive. The economic policymaker faced with the problem of controlling the level of activity does not wish to mistake a seasonal movement for a long-term or medium-term change in the level of economic activity. Pressure is thus brought to bear on official statisticians for better estimates and this pressure filters through to the theorist. The paper by Shiskin and Eisenpress [9] describing methods of seasonal adjustment used by the U. S. Bureau of the Census provoked much of the ensuing discussion. The first paper to use modern spectral methods to discuss this problem seems to have been Hannan [2] and much recent work seems to have used these techniques. (See Hannan [3, 5], Nerlove [7], Nettheim [8] for example.) These methods seem particularly appropriate, for any model for the seasonal component will surely represent it as a sum of six narrow (frequency) band signals which are amplitude, phase, and possibly frequency modulated. (A more complete discussion of the model is, of course, given below.) To this is added "noise" and the narrow band nature of the signals means that, substantially, only the average noise level over these bands is of significant concern. Thus a spectral treatment of the noise will require the introduction of only relatively few parameters so that more special models add little or nothing in simplicity and efficiency, while they increase the risk of an invalid analysis. The main problem of seasonal adjustment undoubtedly arises from the fact that the seasonal pattern may be changing. The problem of estimating such a changing seasonal pattern is an aspect of one of the most immanent of all scientific problems. The difficulty of the problem is simple to perceive but must be understood. If we construct an estimation procedure which is sensitive to changes in the seasonal component, then we shall have one which is sensitive also to chance fluctuations, i.e., to noise effects. Given an initial model we can optimize. Such optimum solutions may be of great value both for their own sake and as standards against which to compare ad hoc procedures; however they should not be used uncritically as the unique optimal solutions, for no model upon which an optimization procedure can be based can represent the truth. In addition, of course, a suitable optimum criterion may not be easy to produce as it may have to reflect subjective elements difficult to quantify (e.g., the reluctance of an official institution to use methods which may require substantial later revisions of initial estimates). In the next section we describe a technique for dealing with a changing


Purpose To evaluate the five year Radiostereometric Analysis (RSA) results of the NexGen LPS Trabecular Metal Tibial Monoblock component (TM) and the NexGen Option Stemmed cemented component (Cemented), (Zimmer, Warsaw IN). Method 70 patients with osteoarthritis were included in a randomized series to receive either the TM implant or the cemented NG component. Surgery was performed by high volume arthoplasty specialists using standardized procedure. RSA exams were obtained postoperatively, at six months, one year, two years and five years. RSA outcomes were translations, rotations and maximum total point motion (MTPM) of the components. MTPM values were used to classify implants as 'at risk' or 'stable'. Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores were gathered at all follow-ups. An analysis of variance was used to test for differences in age, body mass index (BMI), and subjective measures between implant groups. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to investigate differences in maximum total point motion between implant groups. An analysis of variance was used to test for differences in translations and rotations between groups. Fishers exact test was used to investigate differences in proportions of implants found to be at risk between groups. Results At the five year follow-up, 43 patients were able to be reached and were willing to participate in the follow-up exam. There were 25 in the trabecular metal group and 18 in the cemented group. There were no differences in subjective measures (WOMAC) between implant groups at any follow-up. At the five year follow-up there was no difference in MTPM between the cemented and trabecular metal groups (p=0.94) Compared to the cemented components, the trabecular metal tibial components had significantly higher subsidence than the cemented components (p=0.001). There were no other significant differences. The proportion of at risk components at five years was 2 of 16 (0.11, 95% CI, 0.03–0.33) in the cemented group and was 0 of 25 (0.0, 95% CI, 0.0–0.13) in the trabecular metal group (p=0.17). Conclusion In the two year report on this cohort of patients, we indicated our uncertainty concerning the long term stability of the Trabecular Metal tibial implant due to the high initial migration seen in some cases. In this report we have seen stability of this implant out to five years and migrations in this period below the level of detection of our system in all cases. Given these results it is with increased confidence that we can state that this implant appears to achieve solid fixation despite high initial levels of migration.


Ductile iron or popularly known as Spherodized graphite iron (SG iron) is a special variety of cast iron having carbon content more than 3% and has graphite present in compact, spherical shapes. These compact spheroids hamper the continuity of the matrix much less than graphite flakes which results in higher strength and toughness with a structure that resembles gray cast iron, thus imparting superior mechanical properties i.e. much higher than all other cast irons and which can be compared to steels. This unique property enables ductile irons to be used for
numerous industrial applications.
Alloying element addition greatly affects the mechanical properties of SG iron with Si, Mn, Cu and Ni being more predominant. While copper helps increasing the tensile strength and hardness causing no embrittlement in the matrix, Ni helps enhancing the U.T.S without affecting the
impact test values. Thus addition of Cu and Ni plays an important role in determining the end properties of SG iron after heat treatment.
The high ratio of performance to cost which they offer to the designer and end user makes them to be used extensively for industrial applications. However, to extend the consistency and range of properties of SG iron castings beyond its properties in as-cast condition, Heat treatment is a necessary operation. Tempering and Austempering are the two most widely used heat treatment operations in SG iron. For example a ferritic iron having 70-80% ferrite has a yield strength of 350Mpa while a similar material which is given a step quenching treatment shows a yield strength of 550-1250Mpa. Recently developed Austemperd Ductile iron (ADI) has good abrasion resistance combined with excellent ductility and toughness.


The gas phase flow fields in cyclone separators in the same size are simulated with different flow parameters.The diameter of the cyclone was 300 mm.The inlet velocities range from 0.5 to 30 m·s-1,the gas temperatures range from 293 to 1273 K,and the pressures in the cyclone separator are from 0.1 to 6.5 MPa,which are the flow parameters usually used in the industry.Based on the simulation results,the effect of flow parameters on the similarity of dimensionless velocity is investigated.The similarity criterion of flow field in the model and prototype is also analyzed.The results show that the flow fields are similar for different flow parameters,but the dimensionless velocities are different.When the inlet velocity is higher than 20 m·s-1,or the pressure is higher than 3.0 MPa,the Euler number approaches a constant.It is not affected by Reynolds number,so the flow field keeps approximate similarity.When the temperature is higher than 1000 K,the influence of Reynolds number on Euler number is very weak,so that the flow field also keeps self-similarity.Moreover,the mechanics of the self-similarity of flow field is discussed in view of the energy losses and the relationship between Euler and Reynolds number.


The utility model relates to a semi-automatic slide structure of a second display screen of a notebook computer, which mainly comprises a fixing part and a sliding board; the fixing part is arranged at the back of a first display screen of the notebook computer; and the sliding board is arranged on a slide where the second display screen is located. A linear track and a zigzag track are arranged on the sliding board; a fixed roller device and a movable roller device are arranged on the fixing part slide on the tracks. The fixing roller device is kept to move on the linear track so that the sliding board can move linearly along the direction of the linear track and relative to the fixing part to drive the slide and the second display screen. The movable roller device is kept to move on the zigzag track and has displacement unparallel to the linear tract during the movement so as to deform an elastic component and cause the sliding board to generate an acting force towards the direction of protruding or withdrawing; therefore the semi-automatic protruding and withdrawing function of the second display screen can be realized.


Abstract Hedychium coronarium Koen is a perennial flowering plant that has ornamental, nutritional and medicinal value. In October 2019, root rot symptoms were observed in fields of H. coronarium in Yunnan Province, China. Fungal isolates were obtained from the diseased samples and the pathogenicity was confirmed by fulfilling Koch's postulates using wounded and unwounded plant inoculations. The pathogen was identified as Ceratobasidium sp. (binucleate Rhizoctonia) through morphological characterization and anastomosis grouping as well as sequence analysis of both rDNA-ITS and EF-1α. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Ceratobasidium sp. AG-I (binucleate Rhizoctonia) causing root rot on H. coronarium.


Abstract:The essay explores the proliferation, since 2001, of novels rewriting Henry James's life and works. It articulates the developments in biographical and appropriative literature that enabled these interventions, including the postmodern skepticism toward biography as empirical fact and the recognition that the biographical subject is an illusion constructed in discourse. It theorizes James's appeal for contemporary novelists, which lies in the gaps and absences in his life, ripe for novelistic elaboration, and in the contemporaneity of subject matter, innovations in perspective, and cultural cachet of his works. It also explores how these novelistic reimaginings interact with readers' varying foreknowledge.


This paper presents SemFrame, a system that automatically induces the names and internal structures of semantic frames. After SemFrame identifies sets of frame-evoking verb synsets, the conceptual density of nodes in the WordNet network for corresponding nouns and noun synsets is computed and analyzed. Conceptually dense nodes are candidates for frame names and frame slots. Ca. 76% of the frame names and 87% of the frame slots generated by SemFrame are rated adequate by human judges.


Using option prices, a new method for estimating the term structure of expected stock returns (equity curve) is proposed. We analyse how the equity curve relates to future stock returns and obtain three main results. First, a higher level of the equity curve is associated with higher future stock returns. Second, a positive slope is followed by future realized returns which are lower in the short term (1 month) than in the long term (1 quarter or 1 year). Third, a steeper slope (either positive or negative) is associated with a larger absolute difference between short-term and long-term returns. Therefore, the equity curve is consistent with theoretical predictions. We also analyse an investment strategy that uses the slope of the equity curve to determine the allocation to stocks. This strategy earns an outperformance of up to 200 basis points per annum.


: Medical imaging is a crucial tool for various clinical applications, including examination of medical issues, including early identification, monitoring, diagnosis, and therapy. To analyse medical images using computer vision, it is crucial to comprehend the ideas behind artificial neural networks and deep learning. In this particular article, we present recent principles of deep learning models and the different forms of widely used activation functions. Utilising Deep Learning Approach (DLA) has expanded quickly in the study of medical images, particularly in detecting either being present or not diseases. This study explores artificial neural networks development and provides a comprehensive analysis of DLA and potential uses for medical imaging. The majority of DLA implementations focus on pictures from digital histopathology, computer tomography, mammography, and X-rays. A thorough overview of the literature on the classification, detection, and segmentation of medical pictures using DLA is provided in the paper, which might help researchers decide what changes should be made to medical image analysis.


We present a novel application of genetic algorithms to the problem of aligning multiple biological sequences through the optimization of guide trees. Individual guide trees are represented as coalescing binary trees which provide for efficient and meaningful crossover and mutation operations. We hypothesize that our technique avoids the limitations of other heuristic tree-building techniques, and is therefore capable of producing better trees, as measured by higher quality alignments. Further, our approach is more scalable than commonly used progressive alignment techniques when aligning large datasets.


MAURICE FRIEDMAN HAS SUGGESTED THAT Martin Buber's thought "can best be unders tood as a gradual movement from an early period of mysticism through a middle period of existentialism to a final period of developing dialogical philosophy." ' The common denominator of these stages seems to me to be Buber's unyielding concern with the problem of unity in multiplicity. In Daniel: Dialogues on Realization (1913) Buber wrote: "All wisdom of the ages has the duality o f the world as it subject; its point of depar ture is to know it, its goal is to overcome it. However it names the two forces that it makes knownspirit and matter, form and material, being and becoming, reason and will, positive and negative element, or with any of the other pairs of names-i t has in mind the overcoming of their tension, the unification of their duality. ''2 It is clear that f rom early on Buber was preoccupied with the possibility of overcoming this state o f conditionality. "Unity," he wrote in 1914, "is not a property of the world but its task. To form unity out of the world is our neverending work."3 This interest abided th roughout Buber's literary career, f rom the nascent mystical teaching of unity (Einheitslehre) to the more developed philosophy of realization (Verwirklichung), to, finally, the mature philosophy of dialogue (Zwiesprache). The manne r th rough which the unity was to be established, however, varied with each stage of his thought. In his mystical stage Buber mainmined that unity was found in the subjective experience of ecstasy whereby the individual transcends the conditional world o f space and time. In his existential


East Asia (China, Japan, Koreas and Mongolia) has been the world's economic engine over at least the past two decades, exhibiting a rapid increase in fossil fuel emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and has expressed the recent ambition to achieve climate neutrality by mid-century. However, the GHG balance of its terrestrial ecosystems remains poorly constrained. Here, we present a synthesis of the three most important long-lived greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4 and N2O) budgets over East Asia during the decades of 2000s and 2010s, following a dual constraint bottom-up and top-down approach. We estimate that terrestrial ecosystems in East Asia is close to neutrality of GHGs, with a magnitude of between 196.9 ± 527.0 Tg CO2eq yr-1 (the top-down approach) and -20.8 ± 205.5 Tg CO2eq yr-1 (the bottom-up approach) during 2000-2019. This net GHG emission includes a large land CO2 sink (-1251.3 ± 456.9 Tg CO2 yr-1 based on the top-down approach and -1356.1 ± 155.6 Tg CO2 yr-1 based on the bottom-up approach), which is being fully offset by biogenic CH4 and N2O emissions, predominantly coming from the agricultural sector. Emerging data sources and modelling capacities have helped achieve agreement between the top-down and bottom-up approaches to within 20% for all three GHGs, but sizeable uncertainties remain in several flux terms. For example, the reported CO2 flux from land use and land cover change varies from a net source of more than 300 Tg CO2 yr-1 to a net sink of  ̃-700 Tg CO2 yr-1.


Developing countries are exposed to various risks as they open their economies. While becoming more integrated with the global economy and removing trade barriers is expected to improve efficiency in resource allocation and increase welfare, in many countries this does not occur. In addition to the economic consequences of trade openness, its impact on political and institutional structures is significant for developing countries as removing trade barriers in pursuit of trade liberalization can lead to rent-seeking activities. This study investigates the impact of trade openness on corruption using the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) method with data from Turkey and selected MENA countries over the period 1996-2018. The results show that trade openness reduces control of corruption, while economic growth, the rule of law, and public expenditures increase control of corruption.


Data mining occurs because most economic hypotheses do not have a unique empirical interpretation but allow the econometrician much leeway in selecting conditioning variables, lags, functional forms, and sometimes the sample. The resulting problems are of interest not only to methodologists and philosophers concerned with how hypotheses are validated in the presence of some inevitable ad hocery but, also to readers of economics journals who have no interest in methodology but need to know whether to believe what they read. Since I focus on such mundane problems I make no claim of contributing to the deeper epistemological problems of relating empirical evidence to theory, and to the meaning of confirmation and disconfirmation when, say five of the eight specifications tested are consistent with the hypothesis and, three are not. Instead, I deal with a practical problem confronting a researcher who wants to persuade his readers but does not want to deceive them. He has fitted many regressions with varying results. How should he decide how many and which ones to report? This paper is therefore more about a problem in communicating results than about a problem in the philosophy of science. Hence, I use some common-sense notions, even though I cannot provide rigorous definitions for them.


Intravital microscopy techniques have become increasingly important in biomedical research because they can provide unique microscopic views of various biological or disease developmental processes in situ. Here we present an optical-resolution photoacoustic endomicroscopy (OR-PAEM) system that visualizes internal organs with a much finer resolution than conventional acoustic-resolution photoacoustic endoscopy systems. By combining gradient index (GRIN) lens-based optical focusing and ultrasonic ring transducer-based acoustic focusing, we achieved a transverse resolution as fine as ~10 μm at an optical working distance of 6.5 mm. The OR-PAEM system's high-resolution intravital imaging capability is demonstrated through animal experiments.


This paper designs a scheme of multi-functional digital servos control system based on STM32. The basic functions of each module are described; the hardware and software structure and working principle of the system are analyzed. In the system three working modes which are Motor mode, Servo mode and Wait mode are provided. There are wired and wireless communication modes between the master chip and PC. The master chip uses a typical PID algorithm to process the position information that is read by contactless magnetic rotary encoder and output the corresponding PWM to control the position and speed of the servos precisely.


The subtitle of this book—The Philosophical Youth of Mikhail Bakunin—is a precise definition of its topic: it is a monograph of the young Bakunin, ending on the eve of the Springtime of the Peoples. Thus, it does not cover Bakunin's life as a revolutionary, as the recognized leader of European Anarchism, the main adversary of Marx in the First International. Nevertheless, the book opens with a thirty-two-page introduction which offers an interesting and competent review of the enormous international literature on Baknunin's life and activities as a whole. The author limits his task to the early, " philosophical " period of Bakunin's life but says at the same time that his intention was to provide " the first biography of Bakunin " in Polish (p. 35). A footnote on page 159 explains that the book will be followed by a second volume. If so, the introduction on the entire literature on Bakunin is justified (otherwise it should be limited to the literature on Bakunin's youth), but the concluding three pages, offering a telegraphic and superficial summary of Bakunin the revolutionary, are clearly superfluous. In contrast to the authors who tried to interpret Bakunin's thought as an expression of his psychological problems (A. P. Mendel, 1981; A. Kelly, 1982) Kamiñski treats Bakunin's philosophy seriously, carefully tracing its evolution, reconstructing its inner coherence in each of its phases, and concentrating on its intellectual contexts. He provides a balanced summary of the existing knowledge, adding to it some interesting details and correcting one-sided interpretations. He gives also a sympathetic account of Bakunin's religious phase, presenting his " religion of love " as a form of genuine, non-Orthodox religiosity—a variant of panentheism, combining religious immanentism with a millenarian dimension. An impressive contribution of Kamiñski's book is the elucidation of the role of the different Polish contexts of Bakunin's thought. The author convincingly shows the importance of Baknunin's contact with Joachim Lelewel, the Polish Democratic Society (TDP), Karol Libelt, and Adam Mickiewicz, as professor at the Collège de France and the editor of La Tribune des Peuples. He pays due attention not only to Bakunin's complicated relations with the Polish political emigration but also to reactions to his thought in Poland: to the fact that Bakunin's famous philosophical essay The Reaction in Germany (1842) was translated in the Poznan newspaper Tygodnik literacki (1843) and exercised an influence on the Left-Hegelian philosopher, Edward Dembowski, the future …


1. A coordinate sensor which allows photodetectors receiving the light passing through the region for the image display element for displaying an image, which determines the area for displaying an image said coordinate indicated by an object to be determined, based on the difference in the amount of light received by the photodetectors, and which contains: ! at least two line sensors including a line sensor comprising a photodetector arranged in the direction of X axis and a line sensor comprising a photodetector arranged in the direction of Y axis; and! section for changing light paths which are coupled to respective linear sensors, are arranged in the direction of X-axis and Y-axis direction and changing the path of light passing through the area for displaying an image! wherein said at least two line sensors are located outside the region for displaying an image and have light-receiving surfaces parallel to the surface of the image display element for displaying an image, and! each of the sections to change the path of light directs light passing through the area for displaying an image on the light receiving surface of a corresponding one of said at least two line sensors. ! 2. The coordinate sensor according to claim 1, further comprising a light guide element which is disposed at least in the area for image display, which provides propagation of light that enters the area for image display element for displaying an image in the direction of X-axis direction and Y axis area for


Analyzed are some factors affecting compaction of rockfills, such as rockfill characteristics and gradation, construction machinery, rockfill thickness, times of compaction, amount of water, climate, and so on. A discussion is made on the case, that the porosity is taken as the compaction standard. Under such a condition, it is considered that the effect of compaction is affected by gradation, content of fine grains (smaller than 5mm in diameter), compaction function, and amount of water. In addition, factors affecting the compaction of soft rock and sandy gravel are analyzed. Moreover, another case is taken into account, in which the relative compactness is taken as the compaction standard.


Purpose – Based upon previous models and the extant literature, the purpose of this paper is to present a network approach to describing and analyzing inter‐organizational relationships in project business. The framework provides a better understanding of the dynamic processes and critical interfaces in a network context, and advocates the use of the tools of agile supply‐demand networks (ASDN) and design structure matrix (DSM).Design/methodology/approach – This conceptual paper uses a network approach to understand inter‐organizational business relationships in resource management. This approach is useful for understanding relationships in project business, which usually involves a wide array of actors or stakeholders who provide resources or have an interest in project outcomes.Findings – The paper concludes that a network‐based framework provides a solid basis for a rich description and analysis of a multi‐actor project business, as well as assisting in understanding important interpersonal relationshi...


are connected with St. Andrews and its neighbourhood, Dr. Wales's review of the growth of the town--its fortunes and misfortunes--will, 'of course, have a special appeal. Historians in the wider field will do well not to overlook incidental bits and suggestions of information bearing upon industrial and trading life, river and land transport, scales of prices, the effects of the routing of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and denominational and educational history relating to the Lower Ottawa Valley. It goes without saying that the recently formed historical society of the County of Argenteuil will accord this volume an honoured place on its library shelves; but really the work deserves a more extensive recognition. C. E. FRYER


Purpose To investigate the biomechanical response of the cornea, lamina cribrosa (LC), and prelaminar tissue (PT) to an acute intraocular pressure (IOP) increase in patients with markedly asymmetrical glaucoma and in healthy controls. Patients and methods A total of 24 eyes of 12 patients with markedly asymmetrical primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and 12 eyes of 12 healthy patients were examined with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and ocular response analyzer (ORA) at baseline and during acute IOP elevation by means of an ophthalmodynamometer. The displacement of the LC and PT and the change in corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) were evaluated. Results Following a mean IOP increase of 12.3±2.4 mmHg, eyes with severe glaucoma demonstrated an overall mean anterior displacement of the LC (−6.58±26.09 µm) as opposed to the posterior laminar displacement in eyes with mild glaucoma (29.08±19.28 µm) and in healthy eyes (30.3±10.9; p≤0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). The PT displaced posteriorly during IOP elevation in all eyes. The CH decreased in eyes with severe glaucoma during IOP elevation (from 9.30±3.65 to 6.92±3.04 mmHg; p=0.012), whereas the CRF increased markedly in eyes with mild glaucoma (from 8.61±2.30 to 12.38±3.64; p=0.002) and in eyes with severe glaucoma (from 9.02±1.48 to 15.20±2.06; p=0.002). The increase in CRF correlated with the anterior displacement of the LC in eyes with severe glaucoma. Conclusion Eyes with severe glaucoma exhibited a mean overall anterior displacement of the anterior laminar surface, while eyes with mild glaucoma and healthy eyes showed a posterior displacement of the LC during IOP elevation. The CH decreased significantly from baseline only in eyes with severe glaucoma, but the CRF increased significantly in all glaucomatous eyes. The CRF increase correlated with the anterior displacement of the LC in eyes with severe glaucoma.


How and why Instagram has grown to become an icon that has altered understandings of visual social media cultures - reviewed by Beyza Dogan


Aim:  To validate an Italian parental questionnaire designed to evaluate the neuropsychological and behavioural developmental status of 4‐year‐olds and identify children in need of further evaluation.


The goal of an automatic monitoring system of partial discharges (PDs), based on acoustic emission (AE) detection, is the identification of the type of source of PD and its localization. In the event that multiple deterioration processes are present in the electrical equipment, more than one PD source may be active and their AE signals may overlap on the sensors. This overlapping effect modifies the temporal and frequency characteristics of the measured signals compared to the characteristics of the signals from a single PD source and thus, automatic classification becomes very difficult. In this paper we have proposed applying blind signal separation (BSS) techniques to recover the signals from each source, therefore separating each temporal and frequency characteristic. We have tested the proposed algorithm: firstly using synthetic mixed signals from two types of PD sources and secondly using real signals from a test bench specifically designed to control the position, time and amplitude of the AEs.


Since Sasol introduced the Kellogg designed circulating fluidized bed (CFB) reactors at Sasol 1 in the 1950s, the commercial high-temperature Fischer–Tropsch (HTFT) process has had a dynamic ongoing development resulting, recently, in the introduction of Sasol advanced synthol (SAS) reactor operation only at Secunda, 1999. It has reached a stage now where the emphasis has shifted for developing a catalyst tailored to these reactors and current market requirements. This paper follows the development of the reactor technology since the early 1940s, highlighting the major developments and giving indications of the effect thereof on gas throughput and bulk product yields. The paper traces Sasol's journey utilizing the sound, but unproven pilot plant scale-up of Kellogg, to a routine day to day operation and profitable commercial process by means of innovative design changes, general state-of-the-art advances and, importantly, experience! © 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.


In this paper we discuss the effects of modelling and computer simulation activities in promoting student use of lines of reasoning useful to explain proposed or observed situations. The activities are part of a structured Teaching/Learning Sequence on surface phenomena in liquids. We outline a model of liquid based on a mesoscopic approach, examples of computer simulations students can use during the activities, and we describe the Teaching/Learning Sequence. During the pedagogical activities, students can simulate the liquid behaviour by controlling many simulation parameters, such as the interaction intensity among liquid and solid particles. The results of the analysis of student answers to a questionnaire before and after instruction, and of other qualitative data, show that these activities can help the students to think in terms of "mechanisms of functioning".


Objective The dimorphism (spiral and coccoid forms) of
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) were investigated. Methods Culture, electronmicroscopy and PCRbased
random amplified polymorphism DNA(RAPD) fingerprinting were used. Results Morphological
conversion from spiral to coccoid forms occurred with prolongation of culture. Part of coccoid
forms had intact cellular membranes and flagella indicating they were likely to be viable.
However, some coccoid forms were degenerative. Catalase, alkaline phosphatase and acid
phosphatase were positive for both spiral and coccoid forms. RAPD showed similar DNA
patterns. Conclusion This study shows that at least part of Hp coccoid forms may be viable and
thus may play an important role in the transmission of and be partly responsible for
recrudescence of Hp infection after antimicrobial treatments.


The interconnectedness of the world's civilizations as a consequent of the growing digitalization and globalization since the early 21st century requires new foreign policy strategies. On the one hand, the crisis and conflicts in foreign countries and world regions increasingly affect national politics, but on the other hand, the globalization opens economic and demographic opportunities, like never before. The German foreign policy tries to take advantage of those opportunities and designed some initiatives of which I want to introduce a compelling one: "PASCH-Schools: Partners for the future".


This study aims to empirically examine the effect of financial literacy on growth and the effect of financial literacy on the sustainability of SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) in the handicraft sector in Padang City. The object of this research is the handicraft sector in Padang City. Respondents in this study amounted to 150 people selected based on purposive sampling method. Hypothesis testing is carried out using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis with STATA program version 12.0. The results of this study indicate that financial literacy has a significant effect on growth in SMEs in the handicraft sector in Padang City and financial literacy does not affect the sustainability of SMEs in the handicraft sector in Padang City.


#listen #music #soundtrack
Thanks to @ManMadeMoon for linking to @iamclintmansell's score.  I really liked the film and this evokes that awkward and edgy future Berlin wonderfully.


A pharmaceutical composition comprising an aqueous solution of paracetamol, containing more than 50% water, between 0.06% and 1% sodium chloride, 0.002% between 0.06% and acetate ion and between 0.1% and 5% of paracetamol. The composition includes no antiradical or free radical scavenger agent agent and preferably sterilized with control F_ {0}, with a value F_ {0} less than 20. The composition exhibits high stability and avoids possible side effects resulting antiradical agents.


Popular linearized estimators such as the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) or the one-step linearized Least Squares (LS) estimator, which have been used for years to solve positioning and tracking problems in location-enabled wireless networks, require that available observations are locally linearized (as functions of estimated variables) around the predicted state or initial optimization guess. In most of practical cases however, using measured radiolocation metrics as direct observations (e.g. Time of Arrival (TOA) or Time Differential of Arrival (TDOA)) might lead to poor linearization conditions and hence alter estimation precision and robustness accordingly. In this paper, we present an optimization-based method that enables to adaptively build quasi-linear observations as combinations of raw measurements. The main idea is to choose the coefficients of the linear combinations that minimize the Mean Square Error (MSE) of location estimators, while taking into account both bias errors due to linearization and measurement noise effects.


For IR detectors that require cooling to temperatures lower than viable by passive radiative cooling, the mechanical refrigerator is an attractive alternative to expendable cryogen. It provides dramatic reduction in mass, and increased lifetime. For very low noise detectors, there may be some concern that mechanical cooler operation could provide an additional significant detector noise source. Here at LMAATC we have developed a mini-cooler for space borne application, a Stirling compressor driving a pulsetube, and have conducted test to determine if it would induce significant additional noise no cooling a low noise Mie HgCdTe 2D detector array with 3800 nm cutoff. We set up to cool the detector with our mini-cooler, and measure the noise with the cooler running, and with it turned off. We found that cooler operation increased noise barely perceptibly over the cooler off case. We will present implications for our planned space borne instrument, the Source Wave and Propagation Imager. It is an imaging spectrometer that will obtain measurements just below the limb in the 4180 to 4250 nm region of the CO2 band. Tropospheric production of atmospheric internal gravity waves, and their subsequent propagation through stratospheric will be retrieved from these data.


We investigate the dynamics of a dilute gas of free spin vortices in a two-dimensional planar magnet. An equation of motion for the spin vortex is presented and compared with the corresponding equation for a vortex in a superfluid film. Exploiting a similar analogy with the dynamics of a two-dimensional plasma in a perpendicular magnetic field we calculate the mean-square vortex velocity and the vortex self-diffusion constant in the critical region above the phase transition. When combined with equations obtained previously for the spin-autocorrelation functions, our results provide an approximate description of the vortex contribution to the critical dynamics outside of the hydrodynamic regime.


Abstract : The near wall mechanics of 3D turbulent boundary layers were studied using direct numerical simulation. A fully developed turbulent channel flow was suddenly subjected to a transverse pressure gradient. An explanation for the reduction in the Reynolds stresses, observed in experiments, was provided in terms of the dynamics of near-wall streamwise vortices in turbulent boundary layers was described. It was shown that the effect of three-dimensionality is to change the trajectory of fluid particles in the vicinity of these vortices, and how this change leads to reductions of turbulence stresses. The proposed mechanisms are consistent with numerous statistical data and correlations which are presented. Turbulence, Boundary layers, Simulation


The 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations document stated: "Adult patients who are comatose (not responding in a meaningful way to verbal commands) with spontaneous circulation after out-of-hospital VF cardiac arrest should be cooled to 32–34°C for 12–24 h. Induced hypothermia might also benefit comatose adult patient with spontaneous circulation after OHCA from a nonshockable rhytm or in-hospital cardiac arrest" [1]. This is the reason why the European Resuscitation Council Resuscitation Guidelines 2010 (www.erc.edu, Polish version available on www.prc.krakow.pl) recommend temperature control and therapeutic hypothermia in the immediate post cardiac arrest treatment according to Advanced Life Support Cardiac Arrest Algorithm [2]. The main reason for cooling the patients after cardiac arrest is the possibility of significant improvement in neurological outcome as has been shown for the first time in the HACA study in 2002 [3] and many recent publications. Neurologically intact survival after cardiac arrest is the main goal of resuscitation and should be reported in all studies on resuscitation on humans. Hypothermia decreases the cerebral oxygen consumption and suppresses many pathological pathways leading to the injury of the brain. Although there are multiple internal (endovascular) and external (surface cooling) methods for inducing therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest, at present there are no data showing that any specific cooling technique increases survival. However, internal devices enable more precise temperature control compared with external techniques [4], as has been also nicely shown by Knapik et al. [5] in the paper published in this issue of Kardiologia Polska. Authors were able to confirm in the prospective study on 41 patients that intravascular cooling provides more precise temperature control in comparison with traditional, external cooling technique. Despite the lack of the outcome data, what is the serious limitation of this study, Knapik et al. [5] presented an interesting paper describing in details two methods of therapeutic hypothermia used in the complex treatment of patients with post-cardiac arrest syndrome. We shall do our best to monitor and improve patient survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Poland.


An approach is presented for efficiently designing and implementing FIR (finite impulse response) filter banks with equal passband bandwidths. The overall bank of L filters is generated from a prototype 2Lth-band filter with the aid of a few additional coefficients and adders. The attractive properties of these filter banks are that the sum of filter outputs is guaranteed to be a pure delay and the passband bandwidths are the same for all the filters.<<ETX>>


The effects of fly ash at different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30 ... 100% vol./vol.in soil) on plant growth and yield were investigated in tomato plants infected or noninfected with root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (2000 juveniles per plant) in clay pots. An increase in fly ash concentration in the soil correspondingly increased the availability of carbonates, bicarbonates, sulphate, chlorides, B, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu and Zn in the soil. The porosity, water-holding capacity, pH, conductivity and cation exchange capacity also increased progressively in the fly ash amended soil. Ash application enhanced plant growth, leaf pigment concentrations, fruit production, weight of fruit/plant and mean fruit weight of both nematode-infected and noninfected tomato plants, being maximum in the soil containing 50 or 60% fly ash. The yield enhancements were 93.6 (infected plants) and 84% (noninfected plants) at 50 and 60% fly ash levels, respectively. Fly ash treatments adversely affected root invasion by juveniles, disease intensity and reproduction of the nematodes. A gradual increase in the ash concentration in soil caused a corresponding decrease in the numbers of invading juveniles, galls and egg masses per root system and eggs/egg mass, being lowest at 100% fly ash i.e. 52, 16, 10 and 81 against 289, 137, 131 and 238 (control), respectively. Linear regression suggested 40% fly ash as the most economic level, enhancing yield of infected plants by 96% and suppressing the nematode disease and reproduction by 63 and 76%, respectively.


For the low classification precision and excessive classifiers of SVM selection ensemble algorithm based on improved binary particle swarm optimization,this paper combines IBPSO and SVM selection ensemble algorithm to bring forward SVM selection ensemble algorithm based on IBPSO.As suitable fitness function and regulatory factor k are selected, for the SVM sets are generated by boostrap,both the precision and the number of classifiers of SVM selection ensemble algorithm based on IBPSO are superior to those of selection ensemble algorithm based on BPSO.The experiment proves the superiority of the former algorithm.


This work describes an inviscid solution for a cyclonic flowfield evolving in a hemispherical chamber configuration. In this context, a vigorously swirling motion is triggered by a gaseous stream that is introduced tangentially to the inner circumference of the chamber's equatorial plane. The resulting updraft spirals around while sweeping the chamber wall, reverses direction while approaching the headend, and then tunnels itself out through the inner core portion of the chamber. Our analysis proceeds from the Bragg–Hawthorne formulation, which proves effective in the treatment of steady, incompressible, and axisymmetric motions. Then using appropriate boundary conditions, we are able to obtain a closed-form expression for the Stokes streamfunction in both spherical and cylindrical coordinates. Other properties of interest are subsequently deduced, and these include the principal velocities and pressure distributions, vorticity, swirl intensity, helicity density, crossflow velocity, and the location of the axial mantle; the latter separates the outer annular updraft from the inner, centralized downdraft. Due in large part to the overarching spherical curvature, the cyclonic motion also exhibits a polar mantle across which the flow becomes entirely radial inward. Along this lower and shorter spherical interface, the polar velocity vanishes while switching angular direction. Interestingly, both polar and axial mantles coincide in the exit plane where the ideal outlet size, prescribed by the mantle position, is found to be approximately 70.7% of the chamber radius. We thus recover the same mantle fraction of the cyclonic flow analog in a right-cylindrical chamber where an essentially complex-lamellar motion is established.


The index of flour triticalle and pectin quality have been defined by organoleptical and physics chemical methods. The unique estimation of quality of pectincontaining flour confectionery is being counted by coeficient interrelation given characteristic.


Dear editor, We thank Dr Takahashi for the comments on our study. We would like to take the opportunity to address these and to clarify our position on the role of preoperative platinum-based chemotherapy (NAIC) or combination immune checkpoint inhibition (cICI) and cystectomy in patients with locally advanced urothelial carcinoma (cT3-4aN0M0 or cTanyN+M0 UC). The commenter argues that cystectomy is not indicated for patients with cTanyN+M0 UC—that is, for patients in the induction setting. However, our treatment of patients in the induction setting conforms to the clinical guidelines of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, which recommend cystectomy in patients with response to systemic treatment. Moreover, the commenter states that cystectomy is not indicated in advanced UC, which is generally defined as cTanyNanyM+ UC. Indeed, guidelines do not recommend cystectomy in these patients and these were excluded from our study. Furthermore, the commenter argues that "systemic therapy [...] should not be prioritized over surgery for 'cure'." In addition, the commenter argues that chemotherapy alone does not cure UC and that the curability of UC cannot be improved by "both NAIC and cICI" [sic]. Importantly, we did not suggest or intend to suggest that systemic treatment should be prioritized over surgery, nor did we suggest that patients treated with either NAIC or cICI were "cured" or not—hence our use of parameters such as response rates and survival. We would like to point out that neoadjuvant cisplatinbased chemotherapy is recommended by all international bladder cancer guidelines. Concerns were raised by the commenter for these generally maintained endpoints in clinical trials, as these allegedly do not adequately reflect "cure"—although the commenter does not clarify what, instead, defines or qualifies as "cure." Whether the qualification "cure" should be used in oncological clinical trials in general is an interesting discussion beyond the scope of our report. The commenter emphasized a limitation of our analysis, which compared a prospective trial population (cICI) with a retrospective real-life cohort (NAIC). We agree that this is an important limitation of our study. We have attempted to homogenize our population to an extent by recruiting patients from the same institutional bladder clinical clinic within the same time frame. It should be noted that the NABUCCO trial specifically did not exclude patients over 80 or those with risk factors or comorbidities, which is implied by the commenter. In fact, comorbidity status was not different between patients treated with NAIC and cICI in our analysis and patients ≥80 years were included in both treatment groups. Finally, the commenter suggests conducting a phase II trial rather than a phase III trial. Our data would support any prospective, comparative trial design.


Defining and implementing 'best practice' in the care of patients presenting with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the major challenges facing emergency and cardiology services throughout Australia. The revised guidelines1 summarized in this issue of the Journal,2 combined with the original guidelines published in 1996,3 enable us to define current 'best practice'. A critique of the guidelines for practice in Australia was provided in the editorial that accompanied the revised guidelines.4 However, as more guidelines are published and revised, it is pertinent to ask: what is the purpose of these guidelines and what impact do they have on clinical practice? In his recent editorial concerning the value of guidelines,5 the chairman of the ACS working party noted that guidelines are unlikely to be integrated into medical practice if clinicians do not perceive them as filling a need.6 Since the original guidelines were published,3 evidence specific to ACS patients has indicated that there is an urgent need to translate guideline recommendations into clinical practice. Armed with this evidence, emergency and cardiology services should be undertaking quality initiatives to improve the management of ACS patients.


We analyze the albedo of Venus obtained from the UV Imager on board Akatsuki. A relative global mean albedo over phase angle is used in this study, and we confirm the glory feature at 283 and 365 nm in the data acquired in 2016 May. We successfully simulate the observation using a radiative transfer model. Our results show that cloud aerosols of μm and (mode 2) can explain the glory, consistent with a property of aerosols previously suggested by using the Venus Monitoring Camera on board Venus Express. We find that SO2 and the unknown UV absorber are necessary factors to explain the decreasing trend of the observed relative albedo at phase angles larger than 10°. We suggest a range of possible SO2 abundance from 80 to 400 ppbv at the cloud top level, depending on atmospheric conditions assumed.


Abstract : Pontecoulant's solution of the three-body problem of the lunar theory is briefly discussed and applied to the motion of a lunar satellite perturbed by the Earth in order to obtain an estimate of the changes caused in the radial coordinate. It was found that the maximum decrease in nominal perilunar radius r sub P depends on the ratio m of the angular velocities of the perturbing body and the satellite, and on an eccentricity parameter e in the combination 2em(1 + e) r sub P. For a satellite with an orbital period appro imately 1/15 that of the Moon, and an eccentricity parameter of 0.2, this decrease amounts to about 3 per cent of perilunar radius, which is not an appreciable amount. The additional perturbation caused by the sun was found to be of negligible magnitude. (Author)


We explore how advertisement through digital media (mobile website, smartphone app, social network) versus traditional catalogue influences a new construct called customer inspiration in a retailing setting. Further, we show how customer inspiration influences attitudes towards the offering and preferences for the retailer. Our results suggest that customer inspiration is dependent on the type of media, although not generalizable in digital versus traditional media, and leads to a better attitude towards the offering as well as a stronger preference for the retailer. Implications for retailers and advertisers are discussed and directions for future research are provided.


SUMMARY : RHIZOBACTERIA AND LETTUCE: ROOT COLONIZATION,PLANT GROWTH PROMOTION AND BIOLOGICAL CONTROL Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can increase the productivity of severalcrops, including lettuce. The main objective of this study was to compare the root and/orroot collar colonizing ability on the growth promotion ability. A method of evaluation ofroot colonization was tested with the main objective of speeding up screening trials forgrowth enhancement of lettuce. Additionally, the antagonism in vitro between rhizobacteriaand the pathogen Fusarium sp. was tested to verify if growth promotion ability wasdetermined by biological control. Sixty-four bacterial isolates of fluorescent pseudomonadsfrom the rhizosphere of different lettuce varieties were tested in vitro to verify their capabilityof colonizing lettuce roots. The presence of a turbid, milky and narrow fog around the rootzone indicated bacteria colonization. Only eight isolates colonized the root system, andthirty-eight did in the root collar region, as could be evaluated by visual means. A greenhousetrial was then carried out to verify the growth promotion capacity of the isolates in lettuce.The substrate was a mixture of soil and chicken manure, similar to the one used by producers.Twelve isolates promoted growth of plants. Among those, four increased root dry weight,nine enhanced the number of leaves and eleven colonized the root collar. The antagonismassay was performed in PDA medium and King's B medium. Although twelve isolatesshowed antagonistic activity against


The mid‐sternum is the main source of pain after open cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of bilateral transversus thoracis muscle plane (TTMP) blocks on open cardiac surgery.


Sepsis syndromes involve pathological processes often leading to multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) and death. Sepsis progresses to MOD due uncontrolled release of inflammatory mediators. Lately, increasing evidence supports the idea that the carotid body both regulates the immune status and plays a protective role during sepsis syndromes. In anaesthetized (pentobarbitone, 60 mg/kg IP) male Sprague‐Dawley rats (BW 100±20 g) we measured plasma levels of cytokines, chemokines and MOD‐markers, 90‐min after IP administration of either saline or 15 mg/kg LPS in control (SHAM surgery; intact carotid/sinus nerves) and in bilateral carotid chemo/baro‐denervated rats (BCN). Respiratory frequency (fR) and heart rate (fH) were augmented in SHAM‐LPS group, but systolic blood pressure (PS) dropped. BCN decreases the survival time of rats and blunts the fR response to LPS but enhancing both, the fH increase and the PS fall. SHAM‐LPS and BCN‐LPS rats shown increased plasma levels of IL‐1β, IL‐10, and TNF‐α; however, the increase in both ILs was lower in BCN‐LPS, which also had augmented IL‐2 levels. Unchanged cortisol plus increased levels of epinephrine can be related to increased plasma levels of TNF‐α. Finally, BCN‐LPS induced an early onset of MOD identified by increased plasma levels of creatine kinase, amylase, creatinine, neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocaline, total bilirrubin and alanine aminotransferase. We propose that carotid body would modify the inflammatory response during sepsis syndromes through a communication network involving neural, humoral, and cytokine components, and also would play a protective role in the sepsis progression to MOD.


An integral component of investment in forestry is the need for financial information about the likely cash flows associated with the establishment, management and final harvest of a plantation. This paper uses the development of a financial model for forestry investment as a case study of financial modeling. Financial evaluation of forestry projects poses many challenges and this chapter includes discussion of the methods employed in model development. The techniques of model development are illustrated by case studies of the development of the Australian Cabinet Timber Financial Model (ACTFM) and the Australian Farm Forestry Financial Model (AFFFM).


Three monomeric nickel complexes [Ni(bipy)(O2CMe)2(H2O)2] 1 (bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine), [Ni(dmbipy)(O2CMe)2(H2O)2] 2 (dmbipy = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine) and [Ni(phen)(O2CMe)2(H2O)2]·0.5H2O 3 (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. In complexes 1 and 2 the molecules are self-assembled via double intermolecular hydrogen bonds to form one-dimensional infinite zigzag chains, which are stacked next to each other through the diimine aromatic rings in a zipper-like fashion, giving a novel two-dimensional co-operating structure. In 3 the molecule is linked by a hydrogen bond to form a one-dimensional chain, which is further associated with another adjacent chain via double hydrogen bonds forming a double chain. These double chains are intercalated to each other through the π–π interaction giving a novel two-dimensional structure.


Bangladesh depends on the ground water resources to meet domestic and agricultural demands. Electrical Resistivity Sounding survey, borehole litho logs and the water quality data of the area have been analysed for the assessment of subsurface hydro geological condition of the study area, located in north eastern region of Bangladesh. Hydro geological data are needed to determine the basic parameters required for the characterization of aquifer. VES can provide subsurface information related to groundwater condition in conjunction with borehole and water quality information. Resistivity soundings were carried out to establish the characteristics of the aquifer in the study area. Results of resistivity soundings and borehole data reveal that the subsurface formations are made up of clay, silty clay, clayey sand, fine, medium and coarse sands. The hydro stratigraphic unit of the study area comprises of three aquifer systems separated by aquitards. Aquifer-1 known as shallow aquifer, shows thickness in the range from 4 m to 104 m. Maximum thickness of Aquifer-1 is about 104 m at At para, Kishoreganj and minimum thickness is about 4 m at Madan, Netrokona. Aquifer-2 shows thickness variation from 3 m to 135 m. Maximum thickness of Aquifer-2 is about 135 m at Madhabpur, Habiganj and minimum thickness is about 3 m at Bajitpur, Kishoreganj. Baseof Aquifer-3, the deep aquifer could not be identified. Maximum depth of the upper boundary of this unit is about 171 m at Madhabpur,Habiganj and minimum depth is about 100 m at Mohanganj, Netrokona. At Madan, Netrokona low resistivity value of about 7 ohm below 107 m depth is found against a fine to medium sand layer suggesting saline formation water.


Summary Laser Phototherapy (LPT) is an effective tool to stimulate bone. A series of promising protocols developed by our group are presented. Our results show that the use of IR laser results on increased bone neorformation. LPT effect depends not only on the total dose, but also on both irradiation time and mode. Energy density and intensity are biologically independent and accounts for the success and the failure of the treatment.


It is most impotant of all to improve farmers' quality in the new rural construction. Under current background of the new rural construction. The low quality of farmers could not only affect the smooth shift of the rural labor force and agriculture modernization advancement, but also could influence the farmers to protect their own benefits. All levels of governments have cognition deviation to the ruraleducation career and farmers have obvious utilitarian targets about the education are the main reasons of the low quality of farmers. shold include the improvement of governments' school idea and the increasing funds of investment soas to ensure the implementation of the relative policies.


OUTREACH COORDINATOR FOR THE UNREGULATED CONTAMINANT MONITORING REGULATION: AN OAK RIDGE INSTITUTE FOR SCIENCE AND EDUCATION FELLOWSHIP WITH THE UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY by Natalie Ann Davidson This report summarizes my activities as an Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education fellow through an interagency agreement between the United States (U.S) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). During my fellowship, I was the editor of the newsletter, expanded and enhanced outreach materials, and assisted with data collection. I assisted with implementation of the second Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (UCMR 2) and the regulatory development process for the third Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Regulation (UCMR 3). Every five years there is a new list of contaminants for this national drinking water occurrence study that collects data on contaminants that do not currently have health-based standards set under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). The occurrence data collected under UCMR, along with health effects data, and cost/benefit analysis supports EPA's decisions to regulate drinking water contaminants in the future. OUTREACH COORDINATOR FOR THE UNREGULATED CONTAMINANT MONITORING REGULATION: AN OAK RIDGE INSTITUTE FOR SCIENCE AND EDUCATION FELLOWSHIP WITH THE UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY An Internship Report Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Environmental Science Institute of Environmental Science by Natalie Ann Davidson Miami University Oxford, Ohio April, 2011 Advisor_________________________ Dr. Jonathan Levy Reader_________________________ Dr. Andrew Miller Reader_________________________ Dr. Sandra Woy-Hazelton


With methods of reference research and field research, the current situations of rural industrialization in the process of rural-urban integration in Binhai new area are analyzed and some problems in the process of integration in the new area are pointed out, such as difficulties in breaking dual economic structure in urban and rural areas, imbalanced economic development in the area and inadequate development of the third industry. And relevant countermeasures are proposed: optimizing agriculture industrial structure and promoting agricultural industrialization to form urban agricultural model of Binhai new area focusing on facility agriculture, park agriculture and high-end agriculture and to realize the intensive growth of agriculture; rationally distributing rural industrial structure to form regional leading industry and playing the guiding role of industry to achieve industrial adjustment improvement; quickening the construction of the third industry centering on service to form the service system of modern countryside and the leading role of modern service industry so as to achieve rapid development of the third industry.


Turnera pernambucensis is a shrub endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest previously known only from the type specimen collected 179 years ago. An extant population was found in semideciduous seasonal forest in the state of Pernambuco and new morphological and ecological information is presented here. Illustrations, conservation status and comments about its morphological variation are also provided, as well as a discussion about similarities with morphologically related species of the series Capitatae .


Disclosed is a portable hydraulic double-arm diesel tamping machine, aiming at solving the technical problems of high labor intensity, low efficiency, easy damage of the components, heavy weight and large volume of a tamping machine in the prior art. The portable hydraulic double-arm diesel tamping machine consists of a frame (1), synchronous hydraulic cylinders (2), double vibrating clamp arms (3), an internal-combustion engine (4), a planetary floating reduction gear (5) provided with a double-throw crankshaft, and a hydraulic pump (6). The internal-combustion engine (4), the planetary floating reduction gear (5) provided with the double-throw crankshaft, and the hydraulic pump (6) are installed in the same axial line. An internal gear (503) in the planetary floating reduction gear (5) provided with a double-throw crankshaft is floating. A power control handle (7) is connected with the internal gear (503) through a tension control mechanism. A double-throw crankshaft (505) which is in transmission connection with the hydraulic pump (6) is installed on a power output shaft (504), and two connection sleeves (506) (507) respectively connected with the two cylinders are arranged on the double-throw crankshaft (505). The portable hydraulic double-arm diesel tamping machine has the advantages of simple and compact structure, small volume and light weight, convenient maintenance, reasonable force application, uneasy damage, high work efficiency, simple operation and comfortable feelings.


An early warning system for landslides was developed and deployed in Banjarnegara Region of Indonesia as a part of Asian Joint Research Project and Sensor Asia Initiative. A Fieldserver was used to collect data from several sensors and display them in a web page in real time. The system consists of a network camera, two extensiometers placed above and below the data collection point in order to check ground displacement, and a rain gauge to constantly check the antecedent as well as current rainfall which affect land movement. At the same time a water pressure gauge was also placed at a depth of 2.5 meters to measure the underground water level. The data from the sensors and the images from the camera are collected and stored in a database in an embedded Linux system. The system applies an algorithm based on local observations by landslide experts to provide warning messages at several levels. The warning levels are determined depending on the data collected from the two extensiometers and the rain gauge. A graphical interface is also provided at the local site for community people to see the movement and the warning level. The data and images collected at the site are also sent to a server at the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) in Thailand, where it is possible to make it publicly accessible through the Internet. Since there are no stable infrastructures for Internet access available at the site in Banjarnegara, a GPRS modem has been used. The system collects data every 5 minutes and sends the collected data to AIT every 1 hour. This real time monitoring and early warning system can be an ideal implementation at landslide prone areas worldwide.


New fundamental particles, charged under new gauge groups and only weakly coupled to the standard sector, could exist at fairly low energy scales. In this article we study a selection of such models, where the secluded group either contains a softly broken U(1) or an unbroken SU(N). In the Abelian case new γv gauge bosons can be radiated off and decay back into visible particles. In the non-Abelian case there will not only be a cascade in the hidden sector, but also hadronization into new πv and ρv mesons that can decay back. This framework is developed to be applicable both for e+e− and pp collisions, but for these first studies we concentrate on the former process type. For each Abelian and non-Abelian group we study three different scenarios for the communication between the standard sector and the secluded one. We illustrate how to distinguish the various characteristics of the models and especially study to what extent the underlying gauge structure can be determined experimentally.


11 There has been growing concern about bacterial resistance to antimicrobials in the farmed 12 livestock sector. Attention has turned to sub-optimal use of antimicrobials as a driver of 13 resistance. Recent reviews have identified a lack of data on the pattern of antimicrobial use 14 as an impediment to the design of measures to tackle this growing problem. This paper 15 reports on a study that explored use of antibiotics by dairy farmers and factors influencing 16 their decision-making around this usage. 17 We found that respondents had either recently reduced their use of antibiotics, or planned to 18 do so. Advice from their veterinarian was instrumental in this. Over 70% thought reducing 19 antibiotic usage would be a good thing to do. The most influential source of information used 20 was their own veterinarian. Some 50% were unaware of the available guidelines on use in 21 cattle production. However, 97% thought it important to keep treatment records. 22


Measurement of delay-time (arrival-time) of pulse signals from various sensors (optical detectors, radiation detectors, etc.) have important applications in many scientific and technical fields. The measurement chain contains the following parts: sensor (detector), electronic preamplifier of pulse signal from sensor, signal processing circuits, and timing discriminator. We analyze the influence of pulse amplitude and rise-time variations, noise effects and energy (charge) sensitivity of discriminator triggering on the over-all timing resolution for three types of discriminator. The ultimate goal in all measurements is to determine pulse arrival-time with minimum error, which depends on signal parameters as well as on discriminator circuit parameters.


The 2005 International Workshop on Web Information and Data Management (WIDM 2005) is the seventh in a series of workshops on Web Information and Data Management held in conjunction with the International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM). The objective of the workshop is to bring together researchers, industrial practitioners, and developers to study how Web information can be extracted, stored, analyzed, and processed to provide useful knowledge to the end users for various advanced database applications. WIDM 2005 has received the sponsorship from ACM SIGIR and the cooperation of ACM SIGMOD.The call for papers resulted in the submission of 44 papers from 15 countries around the world. Starting from this year, a one-day workshop schedule lets accommodate regular papers (up to 8 pages long) along with a few short papers (up to 6 pages long). All papers were thoroughly reviewed by the program committee and external reviewers. The program committee accepted 12 papers (8 full and 4 short papers) for this year novel one-day program, resulting in competitive 27% acceptance rate. The authors of these papers are from 7 countries. The 12 accepted papers were divided into 3 sessions: "Web Ranking and Retrieval," "XML Data Management and Web Discovery," and "Web Clustering, Filtering and Applications". In addition, the WIDM 2005 program also includes an invited talk on "A Web of Data: New Architectures for New Technology?" by Prof. Donald Kossmann, from ETH Zurich (Switzerland).The workshop would not be possible without the support from the NIKE (Nittany Information, Knowledge and wEb) Research Group of The Pennsylvania State University. The group provided both the manpower and computing resources to host the workshop Web site and to run the ConfMan paper submission and review system.


In 1981, the National Science Foundation started a five-year project totaling nearly $5 million to construct a computer science research network, CSNET, connecting all groups engaged in computer science research. For an NSF division with an annual budget of $25 million, the award represents an unusual commitment to a single project; only a handful of such large awards have been made. What is CSNET? Why is it receiving such attention? How will it benefit the community? When will it be completed? Who are the architects and implementors?


There is strong interest in being able to accurately and sensitively monitor materials degradation in both ground-based and space-based environments. Two optical techniques for sensitive degradation monitoring are reviewed: spectroscopic ellipsometry and photothermal spectroscopy. These techniques complement each other in that ellipsometry is sensitive to atomically thin surface and subsurface changes, and photothermal spectroscopy is sensitive to local defects, pin-holes, subsurface defects, and delamination. Progress in applying these spectroscopies (both ex situ and in situ) to atomic oxygen degradation of space materials is reviewed.


The anionic polymerization technique was investigated to prepare dendronized polymers (denpols) made of a polystyrene backbone and carbosilane dendrons. The monomers, namely 3,5-bis(3-triallylsilanylpropyloxy)styrene (G1-bis) and 3,4,5-tris(3-triallylsilanylpropyloxy) styrene (G1-tris), are fitted with respectively two or three allyl-terminated carbosilane dendrons of first generation. Polymers with monomodal molecular weight distribution and low polydispersity have been produced. Steric effects brought by the dendrons result in a slow polymerization rate, leading to an apparent saturation of the degree of polymerization. As a matter of fact, polymers of highest molecular weight could only be obtained from the less bulky monomer G1-bis. When the polymerization is complete or drastically reduced by steric factors, an intramolecular transfer reaction is suspected to take place. Finally, the solubility and thermal properties of these multiallylic denpols are discussed.


The paper deal with a new measurement method for rotation speed and movements of shafts using non-contact eddy current sensors. The main advantages and shortcomings of this method are considered. The prospects of use of this method for various practical applications are analyzed. Special attention in the work is paid to errors of measurements that arise during the using of this technique and resistance of this method to impact of noise. Possible paths for improvement of characteristics of this method are presented. Now proposed method assumes determination of rotation speed with inaccuracy about 0.1 RPM and the space provision of a shaft with inaccuracy of 0.1 mm when using only one sensor.


Over the past several decades, aluminum foam (Al-foam) has found increasing popularity in industrial applications due to its unique material properties. Unfortunately, till date Al-foam can only be affordably manufactured in flat panels, and it becomes necessary to bend the foam to the final shape that is required in engineering applications. Past studies have shown that thin cell walls crack and collapse when conventional mechanical bending methods are used. Laser forming, on the other hand, was shown to be able to bend the material without causing fractures and cell collapse. This study was focused on the thermal aspects of laser forming of closed-cell Al-foam. An infrared camera was used to measure the transient temperature response of Al-foam to stationary and moving laser sources. Moreover, three different numerical models were developed to determine how much geometrical accuracy is needed to obtain a good agreement with experimental data. Different levels of geometrical complexity were used, including a simple solid geometry, a Kelvin-cell based geometry, and a highly accurate porous geometry that was based on an X-ray computed tomography (CT) scan. The numerical results were validated with the experimental data, and the performances of the numerical models were compared. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4033927]


Aim of research – to study the composition of the main representatives of polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids in blood serum of patients with chronic polypous rhinosinusitis, associated with intolerance to acetylsalicinic acid. Materials and methods . The fatty-acid composition of blood serum was determined by the method of capillary gas-liquid chromatography in 20 ill and 7 healthy donors. Results: The change of composition of unsaturated fatty acids is in increase of arachidonic acid level, decrease of the content of its main predecessors – linoleic and eicosapentaenoic acids, normal level of intermediate products:α – and γ – linoleic acid and increase of the level of oleic acid. The content of the main saturated fatty acids: palmitic, stearic, arachidic ones is increased. The fatty acids imbalance testifies to the proinflammatory directionality of lipid metabolism. Conclusions: 1. The increase of the level of polyunsaturated (arachdonic and oleic acids) leads to the compensatory decrease of the level of the main predecessors of arachinonic – linoleic and eicosapentaenoic acids. This mechanism allows keep the intermediate products of synthesis of arachidonic acid - α – and γ – linoleic acids at the normal level. 2. The content of saturated fatty acids with alternative biological effects is increased in blood serum as a compensatory mechanism of leveling of biological effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites,. 3. The revealed imbalance of fatty acids testifies to the proinflammatory directionality of the lipid metabolism. 4. The changes of fatty-acid spectrum of lipids in the blood serum prove the hypothesis of "genetic block COG1" as the main pathogenetic link of aspirin associated polypous rhinosinusitis


The amount of support given environmental protection relative to that given ten other problem areas did not decline between 1973 (immediately prior to the "energy crisis") and 1978. Analysis of the sources of public support for environmental protection revealed that only age had a substantial independent effect (β = −.168) on environmental priority scores.


Industrial dynamical systems often exhibit multi-scale responses due to material heterogeneity and complex operation conditions. The smallest length-scale of the systems dynamics controls the numerical resolution required to resolve the embedded physics. In practice however, high numerical resolution is only required in a confined region of the domain where fast dynamics or localized material variability is exhibited, whereas a coarser discretization can be sufficient in the rest majority of the domain. Partitioning the complex dynamical system into smaller easier-to-solve problems based on the localized dynamics and material variability can reduce the overall computational cost. The region of interest can be specified based on the localized features of the solution, user interest, and correlation length of the material properties. For problems where a region of interest is not evident, Bayesian inference can provide a feasible solution. In this work, we employ a Bayesian framework to update the prior knowledge of the localized region of interest using measurements of the system response. Once, the region of interest is identified, the localized uncertainty is propagate forward through the computational domain. We demonstrate our framework using numerical experiments on a three-dimensional elastodynamic problem.