Atomic layer deposition (ALD), an emerging method of thin film fabrication, has recently witnessed a surge of applications in the optoelectronics field. However, reliable processes capable of controlling film composition have yet to be developed. In this work, the effect of precursor partial pressure and steric hindrance on the surface activity was presented and analyzed in detail, which led to the development of a component tailoring process for ALD composition control in intralayer for the first time. Further, a homogeneous organic/inorganic hybrid film was successfully grown. The component unit of the hybrid film under the joint action of EG and O plasma could achieve arbitrary ratios by controlling the EG/O plasma surface reaction ratio via varied partial pressures. Film growth parameters (growth rate per cycle and mass gain per cycle) and physical properties (density, refractive index, residual stress, transmission, and surface morphology) could be modulated as desired. Moreover, the hybrid film with low residual stress was effectively used in the encapsulation of flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Such a component tailoring process is an important step forward in ALD technology, and allowing for in-situ control of thin film components at the atomic level in intralayer.


Recent Advances in Fabrication of High-Tc Superconductors for Electric Power Applications.- The Local Structure of YBCO Based Materials by TEM.- High Pressure Crystal Growth and Properties of Hg-Superconductors and Quasi-One-Dimensional Cuprates.- Polymerizable Complex Synthesis of Multi-Component Oxides Including High-Temperature Superconducting Oxides.- Spray Pyrolysis of High-Temperature (Super)Conductors.- Preparation and Characterisation of HTSC Powders Shaping of Bulk Materials and Their Magnetic Properties.- In Situ Monitoring of CVD for HTS Growth.- Electrodeposition of HTSC Films.- Cryochemical Technology of Superconductors and Related Materials.- Phase Equilibria of the (Bi,Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System Pertaining to the 2212 and 2223 Phases.- Formation of Stable Phase Inclusions in Bi-2212 and (Bi,Pb)-2223 Materials.- Atomic Layer MOCVD of Oxide Superconductors and Dielectrics.- Single Source MOCVD of HTSC Films Onto Movable Substrates.- The Liquid Source Injection Technique: Principle and Application to the Deposition of Oxide Layers and Multlayers.- Oxide-Fluorides: New Parent Structures for Superconducting Materials.- High-Pressure Synchrotron Diffraction Study of the Superconducting Spin-Ladder Compound (Sr,M)14Cu24O41WITH M=Ca, Ba, Nd.- Structural Studies of Cuprates and Bismuthates by Electron Microscopy.- Novel Structural Phenomena at the Maximum Tc in 123 and HgBa2CuO4+?Superconductors: Evidence for a Structural Response That Competes with Superconductivity.- Ba-Cu-O-CL Compounds with Non-Equivalent Cu Sites: Phase Equilibria and Crystal Structure.- La Doping Effects on Structure and Conductivity of (Ba,Sr,Ca)PbO3.- Effects of Sr Substitution on the Tc and Crystal Structure of Tl2(Ba1-xSrx)2Ca2Cu3Oy.- Anion Ordering in Fluorinated La2CuO4.- Interface Defects Induced by Epitaxial Growth Mechanism in YBa2Cu3O7Thin Films on SrTiO3Substrate: Application to Thin Films Bicrystals and Multilayers.- Phase Diagram and Structure-Related Studies of the Nd-RICH Nd1+xBa2-xCu3OzSolid Solution.- Phase Structure in the Asynnni Model for the Self-Diffusion of Oxygen In 123YBCO.- Anion Doping and Superconducting Properties of Hg-Based Superconducting Mixed Oxides.- Phase Equilibria and Single Crystal Growth of Ln1-xCaxSr2Cu2GaO7(Ln =Y, Ho).- Superconductivity in KxBa1-xBiO3Single Crystals.- Study of Holes Distribution in the Ln1+xBa2-xCu3OzSolid Solutions (Ln = La and Nd) by Raman Spectroscopy.- Nuclear Resonance and Susceptibility Investigations of Hg-Based High-Tc Superconductors.- Vortex Lock-In Phenomena in YBa2Cu3OySingle Crystals.- Magneto-Optical Characterisation of Bi2Sr2CaCu2OxSingle Crystals. Structure and Electronic Properties.- Effect of Pb and Sr Substitutions on Irreversiblity and Fishtail Lines of Hg-1223 Phase: Powder, Ceramic and Single Crystal Studies.- Cation Substitution, Second Phase Precipitation, Superconductivity, and Flux Pinning in LRE1+xBa2-xCu3O7.- Thallium-Based HTS Thin Films for Microwave Applications.- Callum Superconductivity Suppression in (Nd1.05-xPrx)Ba1.95Cu3O7Studied by X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy.- Intergrain Properties of Pressure-Oxygenated REBa2Cu3O3-?.- Tracer Diffusion of Oxygen in 123ybco from Monte-Carlo Simulations of the Asynnni Model.- Electron Doped Manganites Ca1-xAxMnO3(A= Ln, Th).- (La1-xPrx)0.7Ca0.3MnO3Colossal Magnetoresistive Materials: Structure and Electronic Properties.- Hrem Study of Domains in Thin Films of La0.73Ca0.27MnO3AND (La1-xPrx)0.7Ca0.3MnO3.- Effect of Temperature on Ca2Fe2O5and Crystal Structures in the (Ca,Sr)Fe1-yTiyO3-?System Studied by Powder Neutron Diffraction.- Structure and Properties of Some Thiospinels.- Phase Transitions in Ternary Oxides.- Mesoscopic Scale Structures of a Ferroelastic Domain Wall.- Structural Effects of the Diffusion Enhancement in Growing Oxide Films.- Prtparation of Ferroelectric Oxide Flms by Sol-Gel Method.- Study of The Reactivity of Nanocrystallites of SnO2 with H2S by Coupled Electrical and Raman Measurements.- A Discussion of Diffusion and Solid State Reactions in Alloys of II-VI III-VI AND IV-VI Compounds on the Basis of Phase Diagrams.- Optical Properties of Gallium - Doped PbTe.- Precursors for Barium Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition. Advantages and Disadvantages in Improvement of Barium Hexafluoroacetylacetonate.


(57) Abstract: This is a heater system for a device (M) having a pipe stand (20), to heat the device which is supported on the pipe stand at the enclosure (30). Heater system includes a housing mounted to the pipe stand, has a heater unit in the housing. Bracket (34) is deployed to attach device (M) to the housing. Heater unit is driven electrically, by steam or other fluids.


In this study, effects of premixed and equivalence ratios on CO and HC emissions of a dual fuel HCCI engine are investigated. Tests were conducted on a single-cylinder engine with compression ratio of 17.5. Premixed gasoline is provided by a carburetor connected to intake manifold and equipped with a screw to adjust premixed air-fuel ratio, and diesel fuel is injected directly into the cylinder through an injector at pressure of 250 bars. A heater placed at inlet manifold is used to control the intake charge temperature. Optimal intake charge temperature results in better HCCI combustion due to formation of a homogeneous mixture, therefore, all tests were carried out over the optimum intake temperature of 110-115 oC. Timing of diesel fuel injection has a great effect on stratification of in-cylinder charge and plays an important role in HCCI combustion phasing. Experiments indicated 35 BTDC as the optimum injection timing. Varying the coolant temperature in a range of 40 to 70 oC, better HCCI combustion was achieved at 50 oC. Therefore, coolant temperature was maintained 50 oC during all tests. Simultaneous investigation of effective parameters on HCCI combustion was conducted to determine optimum parameters resulting in fast transition to HCCI combustion. One of the advantages of the method studied in this study is feasibility of easy and fast transition of typical diesel engine to a dual fuel HCCI engine. Results show that increasing premixed ratio, while keeping EGR rate constant, increases unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions due to quenching phenomena and trapping of premixed fuel in crevices, but CO emission decreases due to increase in CO to CO2 reactions.


The University of Massachusetts Microwave Remote Sensing Laboratory and NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory have developed a 95 GHz airborne radar system for remote sensing of clouds. This instrument was recently operated aboard NASA's DC-8 Airborne Laboratory and participated in the Cloud Layer Experiment (CLEX) in the central U.S. and in the Southern Alps Experiment (SALPEX) in New Zealand. The development of this system was motivated by the need for a sensitive, well-calibrated millimeter-wave cloud radar that can probe clouds from above. This geometry avoids the attenuation suffered by ground based systems that look up through precipitation and also simulates the viewing geometry of a spaceborne sensor. This paper describes the design and operating characteristics of the instrument as well as preliminary results from the initial deployments. Engineering test flights were conducted during June 1996, concurrent with CLEX. The instrument also collected data during two flights from California to Hawaii and New Zealand and another flight near New Zealand. Data from the flights are used to demonstrate the instruments capabilities. The data from both experiments are classified into the four classes of cloud systems used by the GEWEX Cloud System Study (GCSS). Reflectivity statistics for each class of cloud system are presented.


Currently Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) used in archaeological prospection is based on 2D parallel line methodologies characterized by line spacing ranging from 0.25m to 1m (common line separation is 0.5m) with 250MHz or 500MHz antennas and huge amount of interpolation used to fill in the data gaps. Such a 3D GPR surveys produce highly interpolated subsurface maps which do not exploit the full resolution of GPR. High resolution 3D-GPR images of the subsurface can be obtained by a quarter wavelength of grid spacing in all direction. Acquiring such a very huge and dense data using commercial GPR is not practical and data processing takes a very long time. Recently we use a new GPR system which is a combination between commercial GPR with a rotary laser positioning system (RLPS) developed by Miami University. In this paper we will show how the high density 3D-GPR data can improve the image quality and refined the subsurface archaeological structure resolution in Satiobaru burial mounds archaeological site. The GPR vertical cross-sections, horizontal depth slices and the data volume animation extracted from the full resolution 3D GPR reveal a lot of information about the past human activities most likely burial mounds. Figure 2 includes a pair of prominent structures (T1 and T2) that represents anomalies related to archaeological features. Moreover, circular scattered anomalies labeled R1 and R2 aligned into well-defined features that give indication that they are associated with subsurface archaeological features. These structures cannot be clearly detected from horizontal time slice created by the conventional 2D GPR parallel line survey. Figure 1: GPR vertical cross-section after data processing (a) From 3D GPR (b) From conventional GPR. Circle indicate the archaeological anomalies locations. Figure 2. Horizontal time slice (a) and (c) from 3D GPR with 10cm line spacing. (b) and (d) from conventional GPR lines spaced with 25cm, where many subsurface structures are almost invisible. R1 R2 (c) Image from 3D GPR at 2.49m depth (a) Profile from 3D GPR (b) Profile from Conventional GPR T1 T2 (a) Image from 3D GPR at 1.35m depth (b) Image from conventional GPR


The presence of oestrogen receptors was studied in 105 human breast carcinomas using monoclonal antibodies (Abbott ER-ICA kit). The oestrogen receptors of neoplastic cells were semiquantitatively measured and correlations were made to receptor values determined by a dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) steroid binding assay and to histological grade. Immunoreactive cells were found in about 2/3 of the tumours. Usually only a fraction of the cells within each tumour were immunoreactive, and the staining intensity varied among different cells. In general, well differentiated tumours had a greater proportion of immunoreactive cells than poorly differentiated ones. In most cases (65/98) a good agreement was found between the ER-ICA method and the DCC assay. However, in 33 cases discrepancies were demonstrated.


This paper considers the semigroup of partial transformation Pn and investigated the elements of collapse given by <mml:math display="block"><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>α</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>|</mml:mo><mml:mi>C</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mi>α</mml:mi><mml:mo>)</mml:mo><mml:mo>|</mml:mo><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>|</mml:mo><mml:munder><mml:mo>∪</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mo>∈</mml:mo><mml:mi>I</mml:mi><mml:mi>m</mml:mi><mml:mi>α</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:munder><mml:mfenced
 open="{" close="}"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:msup><mml:mi>α</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo>≥</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mfenced><mml:mo>|</mml:mo></mml:math>.
 Consequently, the formular for the total number of collapsible elements for |tα-1|= 2 and |tα-1|= 3 in Pn is presented.


This article seeks to present an agenda of topics and suggestions routing methodology, considering the studies on the relationship between history and law. If the history of law is a subarea of knowledge in the area of legal theory, as indeed is capitulada agencies that support research in Brazil (CNPq and CAPES), it becomes urgent to start a discussion on the theme of innovation and/or methodological.


Based on the concept of effective length of flexible pile,the displacements for top of pile and surface of soil between piles were formulated by elastic theory and Mindlin displacement solution.Considering the displacement compatibility equations with stiff foundation,a method was proposed to calculate the effective length of flexible pile for composite foundation.And a simplified calculation method was proposed after using some experimental results,which can be easily and conveniently used for practical project of composite foundation.Numerical calculation results show that parameters,the elastic ratio of pile(Ep),elastic ratio of soil(Es) and poisson ratio(μ) have an evident effect on the effective length of flexible pile,so the result will be more useful to explain the problems of the flexible pile for composite foundation if Ep,Es andμare decided by test in-situ.Moreover,comparing the calculation results herein and those by other methods,there is only about 5% error of effective length when Ep/Es is about 50%. Results of test in-situ also identify that about 50% for ratio of Ep to Es is common for flexible pile.So the present method for calculating effective length of flexible piles is useful and practical.


To study the nutrition and food value of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus),we fed the fish with broad bean and common compound feed to compare and analyze the contents of collagen,Ca2+,amino acids and fatty acids in their muscle.The results reveal that compared with group of common compound feed,contents of collagen and Ca2+ in group of broad bean are(0.149±0.011)% and(0.036±0.011)%,respectively,which increase 36.7% and 154%,respectively.The total content of amino acids in groups of broad bean and common compound feed are(16.802±1.823)% and(18.444±0.850)%,respectively.The total 4 kinds of delicious amino acids account for(6.613±0.771)% in group of broad bean,which is lower than those in group of common compound feed.The content of unsaturated fatty acids in groups of broad bean and common compound feed account for 73.857% and 76.334% of total fatty acids,respectively,and monunsaturated fatty acids account for(55.598±2.403)% and(33.832±2.755)% of total fat,respectively.It shows that the contents of collagen and Ca2+ of grass carp fed with broad bean are higher than those fed with common compound feed,while the flavor,contents of amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids of grass carp fed with broad bean are inferior to those fed with common compound feed.


We have calculated the density of states N({omega}) of a dirty but homogeneous superconductor in a high magnetic field. We assume a dilute concentration of scalar impurities and find how N({omega}) behaves as one crosses from the weak scattering to the strong scattering limit. At low energies, N({omega}){approximately}{omega}{sup 2} for small values of the impurity concentration and scattering strength. When the disorder becomes stronger than some critical value, a finite density of states is created at the Fermi surface. These results are a consequence of the gapless nature of the quasiparticle excitation spectrum in a high magnetic field. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


This paper explores the dynamics between national identity and global process. It analyses how national identity is built and it also states global culture is not a one-way homogeneization process but the result of tensions between local and global logics in the global systems


The space 2 K cryogenic technology is one of the critical supporting technologies for deep-space explorations. With the development of space detectors, such as infrared and X-ray detectors, the demands for the space 2 K cryogenic technology have become much more urgent. Early space detection missions used superfluid helium cryostats (SHCs) to meet their requirements. However, cryostats have been gradually replaced by the 2 K mechanical cryocoolers due to the large volume, heavy weight, and short life of cryostats. Hybrid JouleThomson (J-T) cryocoolers are the best alternative to cryostats in the 2 K mechanical cryocoolers because of their relatively higher efficiency at 2 K. This paper provides an up-to-date review of space missions involving 2 K hybrid J-T cryocoolers and a summary on the key issues that need to be solved in the 2 K J-T cryocoolers.


In recent years there has been a rapid move to globalize engineering profession through outsourcing product development, manufacturing and service. Nowhere has this been more obvious than in automotive and computer/software industry. Realizing the need to provide some aspects of global education to engineering and computer science majors, the College of Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Michigan-Dearborn set up international programs with two institutions in Europe. The program is based on a reciprocal exchange of students and is geared towards technical education and learning. Since its inception a few years ago the program has been quite successful with outcome that has excelled in students' understanding of global issues.


We may perhaps be sceptical regarding the flood of literature on this subject proceeding from across the Atlantic, but the fact that the author, now Professor of Education in the Teachers' College, Columbia University, U.S.A., was formerly a distinguished student of one of our own Universities, may win for this book a somewhat readier welcome. It will certainly be deserved, for at the present state in the development of the work of mental testing we could not wish for a more suitable volume to put into the hands of those of the general public who wish to* be informed on tue subject. Students in colleges, as well as medical men and teachers who have no special training in this direction, would do well to begin their study by a careful reading of these pages.


The engineering graphics discipline subordinate professional school of management, this mode of teaching management has the following problems. Engineering graphics teachers, can not concentrate on doing their own teaching and research work. One teacher without effective engineering graphics peer assessment, his engineering graphics teaching quality can not be guaranteed. New teachers into the institute,difficult to obtain a valid assessment. Problem solving way, first of all, engineering colleges, to set up engineering graphics independent management department, so that engineering graphics courses teaching quality is guaranteed under the existing conditions, can quickly show good results. Followed, by the mobilization of engineering graphics experts, in qualified well known engineering colleges, create engineering graphics undergraduate, to cultivate high quality engineering graphics talent, and engineering graphics software development talent. Engineering graphics teaching quality assurance will be continued,so that this intangible heritage is inherited. So, for the engineering circles, cultivation of top design talent and high quality graphics software-development talent has a solid foundation.


The ANSI/SPARC proposal provides a framework for multiple view support in future Database Management Systems. In this paper some of the issues and problems are outlined through our example, which follows the ANSI/SPARC framework. Features for the conceptual model are discussed. Three external models corresponding to the hierarchical, network and relational approach are mapped onto the conceptual model. Mappings and transforms are outlined. The facilities of the internal model are sketched.


Nitrogen metabolism has important roles in plant drought tolerance, and higher N uptake can enhance plant drought tolerance. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of N metabolism regulation in maize drought tolerance. We measured the expression of genes known to be involved in N uptake and assimilation, together with various photosynthetic parameters, and nutrient content, in different tissues from maize plants exposed to water deficit conditions. Different tissues displayed significant differences in their regulation of N metabolism during the adaptation of maize plants to drought stress. The impact of drought on ammonium (NH₄⁺) assimilation was much greater in old and mature leaves than in younger leaves. Correspondingly, drought had a smaller effect on photosynthesis in young leaves than in old and mature leaves, suggesting that the disruption of NH₄⁺ assimilation in the latter may be attributable to a greater reduction in photosynthesis. In roots, we found that drought stress dramatically enhanced the expression levels of nearly all genes involved in N uptake and assimilation, including AMT1;3, AMT1;1b, NRT1;2 and NRT2;5, NR, GS2, and GS1;2. We suggest that increasing the expression of AMT1;1b, AMT1;3, NRT1;2, and NRT2;5 in maize roots under drought condition will increase N uptake and promote rapid accumulation of amino acids. The data revealed that AMT1;1b, AMT1;3, NRT1;2, and NRT2;5 may play important roles in drought tolerance of maize.


Over the past decade, there has been significant interest in eliminating lead in solders because of its hazardous nature to life and the environment. Certain lead-free solders such as eutectic Sn-Ag and Sn3.5Ag-.5Cu1 solders have emerged after extensive considerations as likely candidates to replace lead containing solder joints. One of their advantages is that they melt at temperatures near 221°C instead of at 183°C like the eutectic 63Sn-37Pb alloy does. This property has led to higher service temperature applications. Other important properties are strength and ductility. The strength and ductility of a solder joint are very important for in-service applications. Solder joints need to demonstrate a good balance between strength and ductility in order to withstand thermal, mechanical, and thermomechanical loading. In addition to compositional variations, other avenues that are pursued for improving mechanical properties include a composite approach.2–5 One such variation is incorporation of intermetallic reinforcements by insitu methods.6,7 Such reinforcements can alter the properties of the solder joint, and can also alter the solidification structure by providing additional heterogeneous nucleation sites for dendrites. The effect of the solidification structure on the JEFF SIGELKO, S. CHOI, K.N. SUBRAMANIAN, JAMES P. LUCAS, and T.R. BIELER


Tracking flows of workers among different sectors of employment during economic downturns can shed light on the mechanism of labor market adjustment and inform the design of safety net programs. Though patterns may differ across recessions, the author find that the generally countercyclical rise in unemployment and informality is driven primarily by a reduction in hiring in the formal sector, rather than increased labor shedding. Further, changes in the rate of separations from informality are the largest determinant of changes in unemployment. Both suggest that safety nets should focus less on formal job loss per se and more generally on movements in family incomes, perhaps revealed through self targeting mechanisms.


Laser head is the most delicate part in CD-burners and may be soon damaged if not properly used;but if properly used,it will work normally very long time exceeding 8 years,even over 32000 hours without any trouble.On the basis of practical experience,this paper summarized methods and directions for proper use and maintenance of CD-burners,although these advices are easy-operated,they may efficiently increase the normal working life of CD-burners.


Abstract : Since 1979, the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division (NSWCDD) has been the Navy's Technical Direction Agent (TDA) for laser safety and has provided technical assistance to Navy and Marine Corps range personnel, system developers, and system users. This report provides a comparison of methods used in measuring parameters of lasers to determine the divergence of outdoor laser systems.


Ischemic colitis (IC) is a rare condition. As ischemia is often transient and the clinical symptoms are reversible, its exact incidence is unknown. In current clinical practice, two types of IC are described according to the severity: severe IC, with transmural colonic ischemia and/or multiorgan failure (MOF), and mild IC, without MOF and spontaneous favourable evolution in most cases. Two clinical contexts are encountered: spontaneous IC (SIC) and postoperative IC (POIC), mainly after aortic surgery. As there are no specific clinico-biologic symptoms of IC, emergent CT scan and colonoscopy are required for diagnosis confirmation, surgical decision and prognosis analysis. IC surgical treatment is not consensual but can be standardized according to organ function and the degree of ischemia: surgery treatment in case of colonic necrosis with deep ischemia and/or MOF; observation for superficial ischemia without organ dysfunction, and systematic medical care. Surgery is required in 20% of cases and consists of different types of colonic resection including colectomy without continuity restoration and prophylactic cholecystectomy. Continuity restoration is feasible in one third of survivors, who are exposed to a high risk of severe cardiovascular events. Ischemic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are some of the common gastrointestinal diseases which are difficult to diagnose and still more difficult to treat. The presentation of colon ischemia is even more subtle, and this review article details about the various presentation patterns of ischemic colitis and their management.


A 0.4 dB excess loss, 0.01 dB output channel imbalance polymer 1 times 3 MMI power splitter is modeled having linearly tapered input section suitable for use in an optical backplane connector. The device design was additionally optimized using FD-BPM to have a good tolerance to source lateral misalignments


The quarrying of marble and its processing to produce building materials often generates a negative impact on the environment. In the Apuan Alps marble district, a renowned quarrying area in Italy since ancient times, the aquatic pollution of water bodies, caused by the presence of marble waste in the form of powder or sludge, represents a significant and current environmental problem. Depending on the different national and international regulations on waste management, the marble waste can be classified as a special non-hazardous industrial waste. If marble waste has been managed according to environmental international and national laws, it can be reused as a by-product. For this, the present work aims to evaluate the reuse of marble waste as a material in replacement for cement for producing mortars. Subsequently, the mechanical and physical tests were carried out to evaluate the specific properties of the obtained materials during and after the curing time. The results showed that replacement of cement into mortars by marble waste always causes a decrease of mechanical properties, with still acceptable values for many applications up to a substitution of less than 25%. From the collected data, the use of marble waste in the production of cement mortars represents an adequate and sustainable destination of this by-product.


We studied the effects of obesity and physical activity on D‐dimer (DD), a marker of increased turnover of intravascular cross‐linked fibrin, in children and its relationship with fibrinolytic factors, fibrinogen & fibrinogen fractional synthetic rate (FSR) in 21 children (15 obese and 6 lean;Tanner stage, IV–V). Obese subjects underwent a 3‐month randomized controlled physical activity‐based intervention. New data show that the higher DD levels in obese vs. lean controls (112.3±11.8 vs. 63.7±12.9 ng/mL; p=0.02) were reduced after the intervention (p<0.01). We previously reported that fibrinogen levels and FSR decreased (p<0.01), while fibrinolytic factors were unaffected by the intervention. Parallel reductions in DD and fibrinogen levels and the FSR of fibrinogen after intervention indicated a putative decrease in the production and availability of fibrinogen for fibrin formation, thus 'indirectly' lowering DD, the primary degradation product of fibrin. The lack of change in fibrinolysis reflects a lack of degradation of preexistent fibrin, but may also argue against generation of new fibrin from fibrinogen representing a potentially beneficial change in coagulation function. Therefore, it appears that despite depressed fibrinolysis, the balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis was maintained after intervention suggesting a state of overall lower atherogenesity.


Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in American women and is second only to lung cancer as a cause of cancer-related mortality. During the past two decades the mortality rate has declined significantly, primarily due to the early use of adjuvant systemic therapy as well as detection of earlier stage tumors due to increased screening. The mainstay of treatment for patients with localized disease is surgical excision and staging axillary lymph node evaluation with or without radiation therapy. Some patients receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy or hormonal therapy prior to definitive excision of the tumor. Other treatment options include adjuvant chemotherapy, hormonal therapy or monoclonal antibody therapy with a primary goal of eliminating or delaying the subsequent appearance of clinically occult micrometastases.


We report on the development of a complete system for spatially resolved detection of critical soil displacement in river embankments. The system uses Brillouin frequency domain analysis (BOFDA) for distributed measurement of strain in silica optical fibers. Our development consists of the measurement unit, an adequate coating for the optical fibers and a technique to integrate the coated optical fibers into geotextiles as they are commonly used in dike construction. We present several laboratory and field tests that prove the capability of the system to detect areas of soil displacement as small as 2 meters. These are the first tests of truly distributed strain measurements on optical fibers embedded into geosynthetics.


【Objective】Buffalo polymerase III promoters were cloned and identified to provide references for obtaining effective promoter sequence and researching gene specific silencing. 【Method】Buffalo RNA polymerase III(pol III) promoters7SK/U6 were cloned according to the conserved sequences on their up/down streams and were identified by their cis-acting elements. Then bu7SK and buU6 were ligated with an EGFP-specific shRNA fragments(shEGFP) respectively for the functional analysis. They were co-transfected with pEGFP-N1 in buffalo and mouse cells. The expression of EGFP was observed by fluorescence microscope after 48 h transfection. And the silencing expression of EGFP was observed by flow cytometry and QRTPCR. 【Result】The sequences of buffalo 7SK(430 bp) and U6(357 bp) promoters were cloned, and element OCT-1(CACCC) and TATA box were highly conserved. Ligated with shEGFP and co-transfected with pEGFP-N1, the promoters showed EGFP-specific expression by fluorescence microscope in post-transfected cells. Furthermore, mean fluorescence intensities(MFI) showed that EGFP silencing efficiencies in pbu7SK-shEGFP and pbuU6-shEGFP were up to 93.82% and 87.45%, respectively. Through the comparison of efficiency of shEGFP expression by QRT-PCR, bu7SK/buU6 promoters induced the greatest level of suppression than other species derived promoters in buffalo cells(P0.05). In murine PT67 cell, promoting efficiency of buffalo was not significantly higher than that of other promoters(P0.05). 【Conclusion】Functional bu7SK and buU6promoters effectively activated shRNA expression and had species specificity.


Ion transport in human erythrocytes was studied by 23Na and 39K NMR with an anionic paramagnetic shift reagent, Dy(P3O10)7-. The intraand extracellular 23Na and 39K NMR signals were well separated (over 10 ppm) at 5 mM concentration of the shift reagent. The NMR visibility of the intracellular Na' and K+ was determined to be 100% in human and duck erythrocytes. The intracellular ion concentrations were 8.1 + 0.8 mM Na+ (n = 7) and 110 ± 12 mM K+ (n = 4) for fresh human erythrocytes. The ouabain-sensitive net Na+ efflux was 1.75 ± 0.08 mmol/hr per liter of cells at 370C (n = 3). The gramicidin-induced ion transport in human erythrocytes was also studied by 23Na and 39K NMR or by simultaneous measurements of 23Na NMR and a V-selective electrode. The time courses of the Na+ and K+ transport induced by the ionophore were biphasic. The initial rapid fluxes were due to an exchange of Na+ for K+, which were found to occur with a 1:1 stoichiometry. The subsequent slow components were the net Na+ and K+ effluxes rate-limited by the Clpermeability and accompanied by a reduction in cell volume. The Clpermeability determined from the NMR measurements of these slow fluxes was 3.2 + 0.5 x 10-8 cm/sec at 250C (n = 4). Concentration gradients of Na+ and K+ across the erythrocyte (RBC) membrane are primarily maintained by an active transport of Na+ and K+ by the Na+,K+-pump (1). The kinetic properties of the Na+,K+-pump have been extensively studied in RBC. Alterations in Na+ fluxes with resultant abnormal intracellular Na+ concentration in RBC have been suggested to exist in a variety of disease processes, such as essential hypertension (2), affective disorders (3), myotonic dystrophy (4), and hyperthyroidism (5). Conventional methods of analysis for intracellular ions such as flame photometry and radioisotope tracer techniques have the disadvantage of requiring time-consuming destructive methods to achieve physical separation of intraand extracellular compartments. Furthermore, there are uncertainties associated with the possibility of nonspecific binding of ions to the cell membrane and of ion fluxes occurring during the separation procedure. Clearly, a nondestructive and noninvasive method would be welcome. NMR spectroscopy offers such an approach. The recent development of anionic paramagnetic shift reagents (SRs) (6, 7) has made it possible to resolve the intraand extracellular NMR signals of 23Na and 39K in cells and tissues. This approach has been applied to measure intracellular Na+ (7, 8) and K+ (9) concentrations and to study the physical state of intracellular Na+ in RBC (10). However, no studies of ion transport in RBC have been reported, even though the NMR method would have advantages in the study of ion fluxes (11). The present study demonstrates the suitability of NMR spectroscopy with the paramagnetic SR Dy(P3010)7for measuring Na' and K+ fluxes as well as ion concentrations in human RBC.


Theory Chapters: Chapter 1. Children's Emotional and Behavioural Development Chapter 2. Children's Cognitive and Intellectual Development Chapter 3. Children's Physical and Motor Development Chapter 4. Children's Social and Language Development Practical Chapters: Chapter 5. The Garden Chapter 6. The Book area Chapter 7. The Creative area Chapter 8. The Role Play area Chapter 9. The Graphics area Chapter 10. The Construction area Projects: Chapter 11. Projects


Introduction: The injuries of the external male genital organs are seldom described in the written form.
The aim of the study was to present of the own matwerial qith an attempt to apply the AAST scale for the
evaluation of the injury degree.
 Material and methods: Between January 2004 and June 2006 41 patients with the injuries of their external
genital organs were cured. The blunt injuries were 90.2% of all the cases and the penetrating injuries
were 9.8%. All the patients were given the operational treatment. The testicles' injuries were found with
48.7% (out this figure 50% were of the 3rd degree, the 4th degree - 35%t, the 5th degree - 15%). The
scrotum injuries caused by the blunt injuries were found with 19.5% and 4.9% were caused by the
penetrating injuries.The penis blunt injuries were found with 17%, the penetrating ones with 4.9% and
the mixed injuries with 4.8% of the patient.
 Results: All the patients were qualified for the operational treatment. The hematoma evacuation (being
the result of the blunt mechanism) was necessary for the patients with the scrotum damages. For 4.9%
of the patients with the penetrating scrotum damages it was necessary to revise the scrotum with its
subsequent suture. Fourteen patients with the testicles' damages had the whitish sheath sutured and it
was a must toto remove the testicle. Within the group of patiens with the penis injuries, 2 of them had their penises totally guillotine-amputated. The group of 7 patients (17%) were treated operationally depending
on the degree of their injuries.
 Conclusions: It is possible to use the AAST scale for diagnosing of the injuries of the external male
genital organs. Every injury (even the smallest one) may cause the infertility, erection disorders, miction
and mental health problems. The ultrasonography is idispensable for evaluating the damage degree and
for monitoring of the post-trauma evolution.


Classification of pork soft tissues, including skin, fat, loin, tenderloin and ham muscles, was achieved using combination of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, principal component analysis and k nearest neighbors classification.


The purpose of this investigation was to describe the element budget of a heathland area in Northwest Germany by measuring the fluxes of elements within the ecosystem. The following fluxes were considered: input by precipitation, canopy-drip, mineralisation, ion uptake, litterfall, output with seepage water. The elements H, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Al, S, P, CI, NO, NH, Norg were analysed, the period of investigation was one year.

The results demonstrate the high importance of deposited nutrients like N (especially No3), Ca and Mg for the element budget and the stability of a heath-ecosystem.

The internal turnover of K, Ca, Mg and Mn within the ecosystem mainly took place by leaching. No leaching was found for N, P, AI, Fe, S, CI, Na. For these elements litterfall was the dominant internal way of cycling.

The humus layer was a sink for total-N, NO, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe and S. NO, Ca, Mg, Mn and S were removed from the percolating solution, while for Fe and especially N and Mn an inhibition of mineralisation was found.

The element balance for the mineral soil showed that this part is a sink for Hand a source mainly for Al, Ca and Mg, less for K and Na. From the cation/anion balance of the storage changes in mineral soil the ecosystem-internal H ion production was calculated as 0.4 keq per ha and year. It may be traced back to an uptake of NH, and dissociation of fulvic acids in the mineral soil.

The results are discussed with respect to the development, stability and management of heath-ecosystems.


— In the past few years, experiments using liquid xenon as a medium for detecting Cold Dark Matter have given competi-tive upper limits on the elastic WIMP-nucleon cross section. However, the dominant uncertainty in these limits is due to the uncertainty in the nuclear scintillation efficiency for xenon ( L eff ). The L eff is defined as the amount of scintillation produced by nuclear recoils, divided by the amount of scintillation produced by electron re-coils of the same energy. Previous experiments measuring the L eff gave inconsistent extrapolations at recoil energies below 20 keV, an energy window crucial for dark matter searches. In this talk we report a new L eff measurement for energies below 10 keV, done with monoenergetic neutron scattering of a liquid xenon detector.


Introduction: Violence in all its forms is a negative indicator for socioeconomic, physical and psychosocial development, becoming a public health problem. Speech pathologists in their daily practice face numerous children who are subjected to conditions of violence. There is a dearth of research on the area of speech that links violence to communication disorders. Objective: Investigate with whom works with children in situations of violence (sexual abuse, physical abuse, domestic violence, psychological violence and abuse), which are the change signals in communication. Methods: 107 professionals from law, health and education across the country participated in a training course for situations of violence. Those have been asked to fill out a semi-structured form with variables about the kind of violence to which the child was submitted, victim characteristics, type of change in communication and behavioral. The data was analyzed statistically. Results: It can be observed in the analysis that 92% of professionals have observed signs of change in communication, among them: mutism, stuttering, voice very weak, slurred speech and changes in speech. No association was found between the area of the professional expertise and referral for speech therapy. As for routing in case of any change in the communication, and the existence of the service in the workplace association was statistically significant. Conclusion: changes occur in different communicative issues in children victims of violence. Other studies relating the improvement of the treatment and maintenance or elimination of violence episodes, and the investigation of other neuropsychological and behavioral changes involved are needed.


A good concept drifting stream classifier should have the following two characteristics: 1) sensitive to the new concept when concept drifts; 2) have stable high accuracy when concept is stable. Most published methods and algorithms may succeed in one aspect while neglecting the other. In this paper, we proposed an adaptive ensemble classifier for concept drifting stream classification which focuses on both the above two aspects called AEC. Our AEC includes two stages: the online stage and the offline stage, and three phases: classifier updating, ensemble classifiers reconstruction and component classifier subset selection for final decision. We take a new online bagging classification model that is based on incremental learner such as Naïve Bayes classifier and can keep enough history information and create good diversity between different component classifiers. Then we take an offline scheme to do the ensemble reconstruction and ensemble subset selection: that is to drop certain number of classifiers periodically and use only a portion of the whole ensemble, the combination of which may yield better accuracy to make classification. Experiment justifies the superiority of our model in both accuracy and sensitivity in the concept drifting environment.


Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still a public health problem in Indonesia. Tends to increase in dengue cases eachyear. The participation of the community is essential vector surveyor with the duties and responsibilities they have to takeprecautionary action, motivate, and conduct outreach to families and communities so that people avoid dengue disease.This study aimed to identify the role of the surveyor larvae in reducing the density of vector mosquito Aedes larvae in theBluru Kidul village, Sidoarjo. Research design used in this study is descriptive. Subjects were 24 surveyor larvae whoresides and works in the village area Bluru Kidul. The results showed that the majority of the role of surveyors larvae byPJB was good (95.8%), based larvaciding included in the category of fairly good (83.3%), based on the extension includedin both categories (95.8%), and by recording and reporting included in both categories (100.0%). Conclusions obtainedare vector surveyor role in reducing the density of Aedes larvae was pretty good. Support from various sectors is neededto continue to improve the performance of surveyors larvae.


Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been utilized extensively for various applications owing to their distinctive chemical properties. They exhibit high persistence in the environment and accumulate within the human body, necessitating toxicity assessments. However, the consequences of prolonged, low-level exposure to PFAS and concurrent exposure to multiple PFAS have not been explored. In this study, male C57BL/6J mice (aged 8 weeks) were exposed to a composite of nine PFAS, which include long-chain PFAS (e.g. perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid) and short-chain PFAS (e.g. perfluorobutanoic acid and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid) at concentrations equivalent to the estimated daily human intake in the composition reported (1 µg/L [sum of the nine compounds], the maximum reported exposure concentration) via drinking water. Histological examination revealed vacuolization of hepatocytes and irregular arrangement of hepatocyte cords, suggesting that exposure to low levels of the PFAS mixture causes morphological changes in liver tissues. Transcriptome analysis revealed that PFAS exposure mainly altered a group of genes related to metabolism and chemical carcinogenesis. Machine learning analysis of the liver metabolome showed a typical concentration-independent alteration upon PFAS exposure, and in addition to known substances such as glutathione, a compound with unknown biological function; 2,5-dihydro-2,4-dimethyloxazole was found. This study demonstrates that daily exposure to PFAS leads to morphological changes in liver tissues and alters the expression of metabolism-and cancer-related genes as well as phospholipid metabolism. Future studies are required to evaluate the chronic toxicity of prolonged, low-level exposure to PFAS mixtures and to investigate the health effects of PFAS.


Transport of vorticity in a magnetic Maxwellian viscoelastic fluid in the presence of suspended magnetic particles is considered here. Equations governing the transport of vorticity are obtained from the equations of magnetic fluid flow proposed by Wagh and Jawandhia in their 1996 study on the transport of vorticity in magnetic fluid. It follows from the analysis of these equations that the transport of solid vorticity is coupled with the transport of fluid vorticity. Further, we find that because of a thermo-kinetic process, fluid vorticity can exist in the absence of solid vorticity, but when fluid vorticity is zero then solid vorticity is necessarily zero. We also study a two-dimensional case.


The effect of a direct-fed microbial (DFM) poduct containing a mixed culture of Lactobacillus casei and L. lactis on in vitro ruminal fermentation of barley-grain/barley-silage-based backgrounding and finishing diets and on growth performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle was evaluated during backgrounding (84 d) and finishing (140 d) of 100 Hereford × Angus steers (initial body weight = 280 ± 15.5 kg). The inclusion rates of DFM in the in vitro study were 4, 8, 12 and 16 million colony forming units (CFU) of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) kg-1 DM of substrate. Total in vitro volatile fatty acids (VFA) production increased at 6 and 12 h of incubation (P < 0.01; linear response) when the backgrounding diet was supplemented with DFM. Dry matter digestibility and VFA production also increased (P < 0.05) during a 12-h fermentation of the finishing diet. Steers were randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments that comprised feeding DFM tp provide 0 (control), 4 × 107, 8 × 107, or 12 × 107 ...


Rolling canvas is a new type of advertisement . In order to reach a good propaganda effect, 16 rolling canvases on 8 advertisement machines are controlled by one Programmable Logic Controller(PLC). It is required that the canvases operate synchronistically. In their cyclic movements, canvas pictures with same order occur at the same time. After displaying for a while, they change to the next order pictures. It is under the coordination of PLC control software that canvases eliminate differences caused by machinery transmission mechanism and move in step.The control system provides manual/automatic operation modes and other functions such as periodical open/close,hold during power off and trouble diagnosis.


Summary In spinal cats vagotomized and administered sufficient propranolol to block cardiac beta-receptors, the effect of vagal stimulation of the myocardium was studied. With this stimulation, a bradycardia was sustained for 1- to 4-hr intervals. Examination of the myocardial tissue from atria and ventricles revealed, however, no myofibrillary or vascular changes. Since these results indicate that this vagal stimulation did not produce myocardial necrosis, alterations in cardiac tissue attributed by other investigators to parasympathetic activation would appear to involve secondary sympathetic effects.


A field experiment was conducted at Department of Nematology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, Assam during rabi, 2015. Rice straw ash, rice husk ash and banana pseudostem ash each at 10, 20 and 30g per plant were evaluated against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in cucumber. The results revealed that all the ashes at three different doses significantly increased the plant growth parameters of cucumber and reduced root knot nematode infestation. However, application of rice husk ash @ 30 g/plant was found to be the most effective than other treatments in increasing plant growth parameters, yield of cucumber and suppressing the nematode multiplication.


Beat-to-beat variability of repolarization (BVR) is a promising marker of increased arrhythmia risk. BVR analysis could improve non-invasive risk stratification and may be valuable in the management and prevention of ventricular tachycardia (VT). We investigated the temporal evolution in BVR before spontaneous non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (nsVT) in patients with Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD). 24h Holter recordings from 20 IHD patients were collected prior to implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation. After R-peak detection, Q-wave onset and T-wave offset were determined with a semi-automated template matching technique. The QT-annotation was manually verified and adjusted if necessary. Episodes of nsVT were semi-automatically identified and BVR was assessed at time points 1, 5 and 30 minutes prior to nsVT, and at a fixed moment during sleep (03:00am). Resting BVR, measured at 03:00am, was 7.26 ± 3.88 ms and was significantly (p<0.05) higher at 5 minutes (14.40 ± 7.61 ms) and 1 minute (18.01 ± 6.48 ms), but not at 30 minutes (8.90 ±4.93 ms) prior to nsVT. These preliminary results reinforce the value of BVR analysis in the risk stratification of IHD patients; and identify a novel prediction method of impending VT that could be used for real-time analysis and monitoring.


PART I: THE DEFINITONS AND HISTORY OF TERRORISM 1. In Search of a Definition for Terrorism 2. A Brief History of Terrorism PART II: TERRORISM AROUND THE WORLD 3. The United States of America 4. Canada and the Caribbean 5. Great Britain and Northern Ireland 6. Western Europe 7. Eastern Europe and the Balkans 8. North Africa and the Middle East 9. The Persian Gulf 10. Northeast, Central, and Southern Africa 11. Southern and Southeast Asia 12. The Pacific Rim 13. Latin America and South America PART III: THE WAR ON TERROR 14. Countering Terrorism 15. The Future and the War against Terrrorism


The concept of party identification lies at the very heart of controversies about British voting behaviour (Budge et al., 1976). Whether it is interpreted in social-psychological terms as an enduring emotional attachment as in the original 'Michigan model' (Campbell et al., 1960; Butler and Stokes, 1974; Crewe, 1974; Greene, 1999; Crewe and Thomson, 1999), or is reformulated in more cognitive terms as a 'rational habit', a 'running tally' of retrospective evaluations or a 'standing decision' (Downs, 1957; Robertson, 1976; Fiorina, 1981; Achen, 1992; Popkin, 1995), it is widely accepted that many voters are predisposed to support one party rather than another. It is also accepted that voters' specific preferences and evaluations are based, at least in part, on their selfcategorizations as being 'Conservative' or 'Labour'. Party identification is therefore rightly regarded as one of the most fundamental political attitudes.


Compared to other machining processes, grinding involves high specific energy. This energy mainly transforms to heat which makes detrimental effects on surface integrity as well as tool wear. In dry grinding, as there is no cutting fluid to transmit generated heat in the contact zone, reducing grinding energy and grinding forces are crucial. Presented in this paper are some of the promising results of the systematic research work carried out by the authors in order to come closer to the goal of pure dry grinding. A new method to reduce the heat by superimposing ultrasonic vibrations on workpiece movement is presented. The obtained results show that the application of ultrasonic vibration can eliminate the thermal damage on the workpiece and decrease the grinding forces considerably. A decrease of up to 60% of normal grinding forces and up to 40% of tangential grinding forces has been achieved.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


Here we give some insight for our definition of the family of graph difference operators (5) and (6), based on the idea of piecewise polynomials over graphs. In the univariate case, sparsity of β under the difference operator D implies a specific kth order piecewise polynomial structure for the components of β [6, 8]. Since the components of β correspond to (real-valued) input locations x = (x1, . . . xn), the interpretation of a piecewise polynomial here is unambiguous. But for a graph, does sparsity of ∆β mean that the components of β are piecewise polynomial? And what does the latter even mean, as the components of β are defined over the nodes? To address these questions, we intuitively define a piecewise polynomial over a graph, and show that it implies sparsity under our constructed graph difference operators.


The binding of bacterial superantigens (SAgs) is profoundly affected by the nature of the MHC class II-associated antigenic peptide. It was proposed that this limitation in the density of SAgs displayed at the surface of APCs is important for efficient TCR serial triggering as well as for preventing apoptosis of the responding T lymphocytes. Here, we have addressed quantitatively the size of this SAg-receptive pool of HLA-DR molecules that are available to bind and present staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) at the surface of B lymphocytes. Our binding curves, depletion experiments, and quantitative immunoprecipitations show that about half the HLA-DR class II molecules on B cells are refractory to SEA binding. Yet, as compared with typical nominal Ags, an unusually high amount of class II-SAg complexes can be presented to T cells. This characteristic appears to be necessary for SAg-induced T cell apoptosis. When < 0.3% of the total cell surface MHC class II molecules are occupied by SEA, T cells undergo a normal sequence of early activation events. However, presentation of a ligand density beyond this threshold results in T cell activation that is readily aborted by apoptosis but only after a few cell divisions. Thus, we confirm the existence of MHC class II subsets that are structurally unable to present SEA and provide a quantitative framework to account for the ability of bacterial SAgs to induce peripheral activation vs tolerance in the host. The Journal of Immunology, 2001, 166: 7229–7237. the TCR machinery sensitive very low amounts of antigenic peptide a limited number of class II serial triggering of the In the present study, we investigated quantitatively how the structural microheterogeneity in MHC class II molecules affects the binding of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) to B lymphocytes. We have determined 1) the proportion of MHC class II-peptide complexes on B cells that allows binding of SEA, 2) the minimal number of complexes required for T cell activation, and 3) the number of SAg-MHC complexes required to induce T cell death. Our results show that the amount of SEA receptors on APCs largely exceeds the proportion of class II-ligand complexes required for T cell activation or deletion.


1. Two methods were used for altering blood pressure in conscious rabbits by up to ± 30 mmHg from the resting level in order to characterize the barorecep‐tor‐heart rate reflex. These were to inflate descending aortic or inferior vena caval cuffs, or to give brief intravenous infusions of phenylephrine or glycerol trinitrate. The relation of change in blood pressure to change in heart interval was examined, both during the initial 'ramp' changes of these variables and when they had reached a 'steady‐state'.


The article "Economic Security of Small Agricultural Enterprises" aims at exploring the theoretical foundations of economic security for small agricultural enterprises. The basic approaches to definition of the category "economic security of the enterprise" are investigated. The theoretical bases of the definition of "economic security" are considered. The integration of Ukraine into the global economic space implies the modernization of the modern financial and economic system, which envisages the transition of market entities to a new level of relations and the leveling of traditional geographical boundaries. At the same time, the conditions of functioning of enterprises in a market environment become more stringent due to the expansion of the range of probable threats and dangers, which increase the risk level of conducting business activities, increasing uncertainty, and increasing competition. It is economic security that can provide the enterprise with effective functioning, economic stability, development and improvement of its competitiveness level. The main purpose of this work is to research and analyze the major achievements of economic science in the economic security of a small business and to present the author's vision of the essence of this concept. The set of research methods is the methodology of analysis and organization of major publications, legislation and laws, namely methods of generalization, comparison, chronologization, analysis and generalization. The author's vision of interpreting the concept of "economic security of enterprises" is a scientific novelty. The practical value of the study is to analyze the main publications on the definition of the essence of the concept of "economic security of the enterprise", because today there is no single approach that would clearly interpret this concept.


Green peppers were transplanted Jun 1 at the University of Massachusetts Research Farm, Sunderland, MA. Plots consisted of 18 ft long beds with 2 rows/bed and 2 ft between plants within rows. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. The insecticides were applied Jul 24, 28, and Aug 6, at 75 gal water/acre and 55 psi, using a 3 gal stainless steel sprayer. Five leaves per plant and 10 plants per plot were sampled for green peach aphid and potato aphid apterae on Aug 11. European corn borer control was assessed by harvesting 25 commercial size peppers from each plot on Aug 20 and examining them for injury.


Artificial welding of melt-textured YBCO blocks opens the door to the fabrication of large, complex-shaped pieces required for applications. In order to evaluate the superconducting quality of the welds, we have developed a Hall probe mapping system, able to record the local magnetization at 77 K under dynamic applied fields in the range of -1 to 1 T. The system was used to characterize welded samples prepared with a new Ag induced surface melting joining technique. The magnetization maps of unwelded and welded samples of various qualities are compared and discussed. The current distributions associated to the Hall maps were calculated using the Caragol software. The magnetization and current distribution maps over the joint show that good quality welds can be reached with this joining method.


This chapter assesses the last remaining, untranslated portions from Alexander Kluge's aforementioned essay collection of 1975 on antagonistic realism, Gelegenheitsarbeit einer Sklavin. People usually learn about the deductive method in educational institutions. Starting with laws, rules, and values, people then descend to their application or illustrate them with examples. Reality is represented. The principle of illustration is that abstraction regulates concretion by destroying it. Film seems to develop an oppositional program to this tendency. Its raw material is apparently made up of concrete depictions. According to its qualitative edict, it has little appreciation for thought. It lacks the polished and universal quality of a so-called trade language. The majority of its products are oriented toward the direct imitation of reality.


Abstract This study examines 301 California credit union names in an effort to uncover naming patterns. These names provide key markers for the field of membership that not only identify the prospective members of the credit union, but also emphasize the sense of community that underlies credit unions (as opposed to stockholder-based financial institutions). Collectively, the credit union names highlight the geographic, ethnic, economic, and social diversity that characterizes California. The results of this study may contribute to knowledge of business naming practices.


Collagenous fibroma (desmoplastic fibroblastoma) is a rare benign tumor. This type of tumor mostly occurs in the subcutaneous tissues or skeletal muscle, and to the best of our knowledge, there is no unique case report of it occurring in the cardiac valves. This is the first description of collagenous fibroma in a human heart.


More than 12,000 people have assembled in Ockelbo to celebrate the wedding between Swedish Crown Princess Victoria and village son Daniel Westling, a man of the people. It should be noted that a mere 6,000 people live in Ockelbo. It is mainly the villagers and their neighbours from the district that have come together for the celebration, but a few participants have travelled from other parts of the country to be there while others are part of the media posse deployed to cover the event. Never before has the little village been so much in the public eye as on this day.


Adrenal weights of 872 woodchucks (Marmota monax), collected over a 4- yr period from a 10,000-acre area in Pennsylvania, were correlated with several physiologic and behavioral factors. There was a significant positive linear relationship between adrenal weight and body length. Adrenals of females were about 8 % heavier than those of males of equal length. Data for adrenal weights were analyzed for seasonal variations by pooling the animals collected during each weekly period. Mean adrenal weight increased 60 % from the 1st of March, just after hibernation, to the 1st of July, then declined sharply. A 2nd, less marked (48%), sharp increase in weight occurred at the end of August. Mean adrenal weight fell from the 2nd peak to a level in October that was 15 % below the March level. The initial rise in the spring corresponded to a period during which an increasing number of woodchucks were active for longer periods of time each day, the concentration of animals at a given time was increasing, and the level ...


Background and Aim A close relationship between phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) and the CXCR4/SDF1 axis (chemokine receptor 4/stromal cell derived factor 1) has been shown for several cancers. However, the role of PGK1 has not been investigated for neuroblastoma, and PGK1 might be a therapeutic target for this tumor entity. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of PGK1 expression in neuroblastoma patients, to determine the impact of PGK1 expression levels on survival, and to correlate PGK1 expression with CXCR4 expression and bone marrow dissemination. Materials and Methods Samples from 22 patients with neuroblastoma that were surgically treated at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf were evaluated for expression of PGK1 and CXCR4 using immunohistochemistry. Results were correlated with clinical parameters, metastases and outcome of patients. Immunocytochemistry, proliferation and expression analysis of CXCR4 and PGK1 were performed in neuroblastoma cell lines. Results PGK1 is expressed in neuroblastoma cells. PGK1 expression is significantly positively correlated with CXCR4 expression and tumor dissemination to the bone marrow. Moreover the expression of PGK1 is significantly associated with a negative impact on survival in patients with neuroblastoma. PGK1 is downregulated by inhibition of CXCR4 in neuroblastoma cells. Conclusion PGK1 appears to play an important role for neuroblastoma, predicting survival and tumor dissemination. Further in vivo studies outstanding, it is a candidate target for novel therapeutic strategies.


With the Internet of Things (IoT) gradually showing a trend of socialization, the community structure has been widely used in IoT applications, such as the smart home and smart city. Therefore, using the IoT and data mining technology to detect and analyze the relevant communities in the network is worth studying. In this article, we aim to identify the $r$ most influential communities in a network, where an influential community is a cohesive subgraph with a considerable level of influence. In the literature, several efficient methods have been proposed to address this problem. These methods are all devised based on the assumption that nodes in the network are associated with different weights; in other words, every pair of nodes cannot have the same weight. Otherwise, these methods may retrieve imprecise results. However, nodes in a network may inevitably have the same weight in lots of real-world scenarios, such as mobile-edge computing networks. In this article, we are motivated to efficiently compute the top- $r$ influential communities in a general case where nodes in the network may have arbitrary weights. To this end, we first proposed a unified search framework by improving the existing techniques. Then, we developed an efficient algorithm to judge the connectivity of nodes with the same weight, whose time complexity is linear to the size of the subgraph accessed by the algorithm. We conducted extensive performance studies on real data sets to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approaches.


We report measurements of the superconducting transition temperature, Tc, in CoO/Co/Cu/Co/Nb multilayers as a function of the angle α between the magnetic moments of the Co layers. Our measurements reveal that Tc(α) is a nonmonotonic function, with a minimum near α=π/2. Numerical self-consistent solutions of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations quantitatively and accurately describe the behavior of Tc as a function of α and layer thicknesses in these superconductor/spin-valve heterostructures. We show that experimental data and theoretical evidence agree in relating Tc(α) to enhanced penetration of the triplet component of the condensate into the Co/Cu/Co spin valve in the maximally noncollinear magnetic configuration. © 2014 American Physical Society.


Events have become an important segment of the hospitality and tourism industry. Events are recognized around the globe for their positive impact on economy of the region, tourism, urban regeneration, culture, education, and community development. There are three major trends that are observed in event industry: sustainability, social, and technology. While these trends are benefitting the industry there are concerns and challenges that needs to be addressed. In this viewpoint paper, relevant facts and information about these trends are discussed. It is proposed to do further research on these trends to assess the intertwined nature of their relationships. Finally, it is argued that there is a need to establish new ways to create a balance between sustainability, social needs, and technology, to protect environment and economic growth.


This paper presents theoretically the spatial-temporal instability behavior of an electrified viscoelastic liquid jet. Dimensionless parameters have been tested for their influence on the transition of absolute and convective instability for the electrified viscoelastic liquid jet. The results show that larger electrical Euler and Weber numbers can change the flow to convectively unstable. The increase of Reynolds number can decrease the absolute growth rate. Variations of time constant and density ratio rarely change the spatial-temporal instability behavior of the jet. The disturbance wavelength changes very little with these parameters when the flow is absolutely unstable.


The simultaneous determination of Ni,Al,P,Mg,and Ca in nickel ores by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) has been developed and is described in this paper.The sample was dissolved in nitric acid with hydrofluoric acid as flux.Perchloric acid was added and heated in order to remove hydrofluoric acid.After dissolving the salts with hydrochloric,Ni,Al,P,Mg and Ca were determined by ICP-AES.The selected spectral lines for Ni,Al,P,Mg and Ca were 221.6 nm,396.1 nm,178.2 nm,285.2 nm and 393.3 nm,respectively.The matrix effect was corrected by adding the same amount of Fe as the measured sample into the standard curve.The recoveries were 98.00%-100.50%.The precisions of Ni,Al,P,Mg and Ca were all less than 1% and the detection limits were 0.0054 μg/mL,0.0028 μg/mL,0.0060 μg/mL,0.0030 μg/mL and 0.0013 μg/mL,respectively.Compared with other methods,this method increased sensitivity and decreased the detection limit.It was applied to the determination of nickel ores from Indonesia,and the measured results were consistent with the standard values and RSD was below 1%(n=6).


Studies of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in rodents have revealed that encephalitogenic T cell lines reactive with myelin basic protein (BP) are frequently dominated by clones expressing a restricted T cell receptor repertoire. Using the rat EAE model, we have begun to examine the basis for clonal dominance within BP‐reactive T cell lines. We find that variations introduced into the standard protocol of periodic antigen stimulation produce marked shifts in the representation of different clones within encephalitogenic T cell populations. For example, altering the source of antigen‐presenting cells (APC), while holding antigen (BP) constant, and substituting BP from guinea pig (GPBP) for that of the rat antigen (RBP) with constant APC, both cause shifts in the composition of the dominant clones within BP‐reactive T cell lines. Our results suggest that: (i) adherence to an invariant protocol of antigen challenge may lead to an underestimation of the diversity of BP‐reactive encephalitogenic T cell populations; and (ii) the minor structural differences between GPBP and RBP not only cause the weak immunogenicity of RBP but also result in the alteration of different T cell subsets. These observations indicate that apparent restrictions upon the repertoire of autoimmune T cells should be interpreted with caution when such cells are elicited by immunization with foreign antigens.


To create a timeline suitable for data acquisition in several temporal phases. An MR apparatus has creating means for creating a timeline TL2 having a scan time of TS1 based on a reference timeline TL0 having a scan time of TS. The creating means sets start points in time of scans SC1, SC3 and SC4 in the timeline TL2 to the same points in time as those in the reference timeline TL0, respectively. The creating means also sets the start point in time of the scan SC2 in the timeline TL2 to a sum of the scan time TS1 and a delay time TD1 with respect to the scan SC1 in the timeline TL2.


This paper discusses the difinition and the theory frame of the innovation of urban sports cultual: the urban sports cultural idea innovation,the urban sports cultural contents innovation,the urban sports cultural form innovation,the urban sports system innovation and the urban sports subject innovation ao well,and difference from the theories and practice carry on for the above-mentioned contents more detailed discuss.


Apparently, that would be too high a bar, because in the current EHP issue appears this Swiss study [1]: Background Ionizing Radiation and the Risk of Childhood Cancer: A Census-Based Nationwide Cohort Study. Clues to the underlying agenda, rather than a focus on evaluating whether there was an actual risk for Swiss children from elevated exposure to ionizing radiation, can be gleaned from the Methods section in the abstract:


The care of patients with enterocutaneous fistula constitutes a significant challenge owing to the alterations it usually brings about. For successful treatment, it is necessary to manage fluids and electrolytes adequately, provide practical nutritional support


Summary 1. The data demonstrate that both penicillin and aureomycin supplementation increased food intakes of rats subsisting on diets deficient in either or both thiamine and riboflavin, but neither antibiotic influenced food consumption when adequate thiamine and adequate riboflavin was administered. In general, growth of test animals paralleled food consumption, with indications that antibiotic supplementation improved food utilization, particularly when thiamine intake was sub-optimum. 2. The data further indicate that the amount of thiamine accounted for was increased by feeding rats diets containing either penicillin or aureomycin, or a combination of the 2 antibiotics. However, the data show that thiamine absorption was improved in the presence of antibiotics, particularly, penicillin, as indicated by lower thiamine concentration in ceca and feces, and by higher thiamine concentration in liver and urine. 3. While the data do not exclude the possibility of riboflavin synthesis in the animal body, they do indicate that if synthesis occurred it was not influenced by the presence or absence of the antibiotics under investigation. There was evidence of increased riboflavin absorption in the presence of antibiotics as indicated by lower concentrations of vitamin in ceca and feces and a higher concentration in liver.


The human element exists in every part of the shipping industry; not only existing but most probably it is correlated to it. In the present study the care and the importance that are provided to humans, being an integral part of the shipping industry, are examined. Herein, the human takes the below two meanings; the one of a crew member on board a vessel and the one of a stowaway. The first part of the study with regards to human safety refers to the International Regulations. The various Shipping Conventions identify human rights, to be treated properly and taken care of when medical issues occur, regardless of their status; crew member or stowaway. The second part of the study refers to the indirect care the humans receive through the ship owners' insurers; ship owners nonetheless are by all means responsible for the people on board the vessels they own or manage. Shipping is an industry with no concrete borders so humans who are part of it are protected by the international laws.


The care of patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) is delivered via a multidisciplinary team. The primary treatment for VTE is anticoagulation however, placement of filter devices in the inferior vena cava (IVC) to prevent embolization of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is a well-established secondary treatment option. However, many controversies remain regarding utilization and management of filters.


Optoelectronic tool measures gaps between tiles and steps between faces of tiles. Eliminates need for difficult, tedious, time-consuming, and error-prone manual measurements. Automates measurements of steps and gaps to within 0.006 in. and records data automatically. Developed for inspecting thermal-insulation tiles on Space Shuttle. Adaptable to inspection of any other settings where steps and gaps critical.


Introduction: In 2005, hypertension in Indonesia's adolescents amounted to 3.11%-4.6%. This number has increased to 8.3% in 2008. Hypertension in adolescents is predicted to increase annually. Hypertension in adolescents is rarely detected so that in adulthood could appear bad things due to uncontrolled and untreated. Lifestyle factors such as lack of sleep duration, stress and less physical activity can influence the incidence of hypertension in adolescents. This study aimed to determine the relationship of physical activity, stress and duration of sleep with the incidence of hypertension in senior high school adolescents in Palembang City.

Methods: It is analytic study with cross-sectional design. The subject of the research is 467 high school adolescents who fulfilled the criteria of inclusion and exclusion.

Results: The results of the Chi-Square statistical test showed that relationship between physical activity (p=0.008) and stress (p=0.005) with hypertension in adolescents while the sleep duration (p=0.054) has no relationship with hypertension in senior high school adolescents in Palembang.

Conclusion: There is a relationship between physical activity and hypertension also between stress and hypertension in senior high school adolescents in Palembang, but there is no relationship between sleep duration and hypertension.


An iron-nickel-chromium age-hardenable alloy suitable for use in fast breeder reactor ducts and cladding which utilizes the gamma-double prime strengthening phase and characterized in having a morphology of the gam ma-double prime phase enveloping the gamma-prime phase and delta phase distributed at or near the grain boundaries. The alloy consists essentially of about 40-50% nickel, 7.5-14% chromium, 1.5-4% niobium, 0.25-0.75% silicon, 1-3% titanium, 0.1-0.5% alumi num, 0.02-0.1% carbon, 0.002-0.015% boron, and the balance iron. Up to 2% manganese and up to 0.01% magnesium may be added to inhibit trace element ef fects; up to 0.1% zirconium may be added to increase radiation swelling resistance; and up to 3% molybde num may be added to increase strength.


PURPOSE: A nano imprint lithography process using an elementwise embossed stamp is provided to fill up resist into each nano-structure of element stamps by forming a groove between the element stamps. CONSTITUTION: A resist(20) is coated on an upper surface of a substrate(5). A stamp(10) including a nano-structure is in contact with an upper surface of the resist of the substrate by using the predetermined low pressure. Ultraviolet rays are irradiated on the resist. The stamp is separated from the resist. The upper surface of the substrate including the resist is etched. The stamp is formed with two or more element stamps. A deep groove is formed between neighboring element stamps. The groove is deeper than the nano-structure formed on the element stamp.


Pyrimidine nucleoside analogues possess a high pharmacological interest. They show a highly useful antiviral activity against VIH, hepatitis B virus, and anticancer activity and are currently used for the treatment of these diseases. Given its importance, many scientists have modified the structure of these nucleoside analogues seeking to improve their properties, target specificity, efficacy, and to decrease its toxicity. As a consequence of this research, some analogues have been described with improved properties, among which are nucleosides derived from 2,3‐dideoxy‐D‐ribose such as Zidovudine (AZT), Didanosine (ddI), and Zalcitabine (ddC). Many researchers have also studied the NMRs spectra of these compounds. Particularly, they have described the influence of the anomeric configuration on the H and C NMR signals in compounds like, for example, adenosine nucleosides or in isonucleosides. As part of our research in the inhibition of transposable element such as LINE‐1, we have synthesized (Scheme 1) 18 nucleoside analogues of 2′,3′‐ dideoxyribonucleosidic nature (compounds 1–18, Figure 1) as well as their corresponding precursors (compounds 19–36, Figure 2) and assayed 1–18 against mammalian LINE‐1 retrotransposition with very interesting and promising results. While some of these compounds have already been describe in the literature (vide infra), others have been recently synthesize by us, and their minimal NMR data described in Reference 10. Here in this work, we describe the complete H and C signals assignment of these 36 nucleosides having pyrimidine, 5‐ aza‐pyrimidine, and 6‐aza‐pyrimidine bases with 2,3‐ dideoxy‐D‐ribose, both 5′‐O‐protected and unprotected (1–36), by means of its 2‐D spectra as well as 1D‐NOE experiments. In addition, and as previously reported by Okabe and Lin, we show a pattern in the H chemical shifts that allows the assignment of the α‐ and β‐ anomeric configuration based on 1‐D H NMR and without the need of further and more specific NMR experiments.


This paper proposes a novel strategy using parallel optimization computations for nonlinear moving horizon state estimation, and parameter identification problems of dynamic systems. The parallelization is based on the multi-point derivative-based Gauss-Newton search, as one of the most efficient algorithms for the nonlinear least-square problems. A numerical experiment is performed to demonstrate the parallel computations with the comparison to sequential computations.


Objective To study the clinical application of Lugol's iodine staining for improving the diagnostic rate of early esophageal carcinoma.Methods Two hundred and fourteen patients with suspected early esophageal carcinoma who underwent routine gastroscopy were randomly divided into two groups,with 107 patients in each group.In iodine staining group,10 mL of 2% Lugol's iodine was sprayed evenly onto lesions and surrounding mucosa,and biopsies were obtained from 4-6 points in abnormally stained mucosal sites.In control group,general endoscopic biopsies of suspicious lesions were sent for pathological examination.Results The diagnosis rate in iodine staining group(14.0%,15/107) was significantly higher than that in control group(2.8%,3/107)(P0.01).Conclusion Lugol's iodine staining makes the mucosa structure clearer and more stereoscopic and specific,and is simple,safe and helpful for intentional biopsies and lesion location.In addition,it can improve the positive biopsy rate and had a higher value in primary hospitals.


Natural hazards remain a substantial risk for the people of Auckland, its property and its infrastructure. With over 3100 km of coastline and extensive urbanization, Auckland remains vulnerable to hazardous coastal erosion and accretion processes. This new city, which from the first of November 2010 became a new Unitary Authority through the amalgamation of 7 Territorial Authorities and 1 Regional Council, is required by law to instigate a new Auckland Unitary Plan. The final form of this Unitary Plan, particularly the section on natural hazards, will have long-term consequences for Auckland and its ability to mitigate the effects climate change will have on these coastal erosion processes. This paper will outline the background to the proposed Auckland Unitary Plan, analyze the public submissions in the section devoted to natural hazards, and comment on its intention (a first for a Unitary Plan in New Zealand) to include mapping of predicted coastal inundation and sea level rise across the Auckland isthmus. The writer will examine the effect the "new" policy approach to mitigating coastal hazards will have on the existing and future make up of urban settlements in low lying coastal areas. A case study will be presented.


The liberal reforms carried out in the Russian Empire during the 1860's and 1870's markedly affected the financial sector of a gigantic country. They also had their peculiarities on the territory of the provinces inhabited by Ukrainians. Especially significant was the reformation of the tax service, which became more modern and copied the principles and methods of their work from similar structures of Western European states. In the middle of the nineteenth century іn the Dnieper Ukraine there was virtually no special tax authority. These functions were carried out by a number of government institutions, and the state-owned chambers carried out the coordination of their activities at the local provincial level. After the defeat of the Russian Empire in the Crimean War, its government was forced to carry out a series of systemic reforms. One of the directions of the reformation of the Romanov Empire was the reorganization of the sphere of public finances, in particular, of financial management and financial control.

Over the past decades, Ukrainian historical science has paid special attention to the functioning of the tax authorities of the empire on the lands of modern Ukraine. In view of this, the article analyzes the contemporary Ukrainian historiography of the question of the functioning of the tax authorities of the Russian Empire in the Dnieper Ukraine in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The main domestic researches of the activities of those power institutions that performed the functions of tax control in the Ukrainian provinces of the Russian Empire were considered. Particular attention is paid to the works, which highlighted regional features of the work of tax authorities. Perspective directions of further researches of this problem are outlined.

The article states that the problems of the activity of tax authorities in the Dnieper Ukraine in the pre-reform period became the subject of the research of many modern Ukrainian scholars. One can even note the fact of formation of scientific schools on the problems of the history of financial policy in Ukraine. This is the Kyiv Historical School of Professor O. Reyent, the Kharkiv School of History and Law of Professor O. Golovko and the Kropyvnytsky School of Economic History of Professor V. Orlyk. However, there remain a number of aspects of the problem that require further in-depth study.


The Hull cutoff represents the maximum magnetic field in a vacuum crossed-field gap (CFG) such that an electron emitted from the cathode reaches the anode. Prior studies demonstrated that introducing ions into a CFG always causes increased excursion of electrons toward the anode. In this paper, we assess a collisional CFG by incorporating collision frequency into the electron force law. The theoretical electron trajectories agree well with a one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation and demonstrate that emitted electrons always cross a collisional CFG. We derive a modified Hull cutoff condition for a collisional CFG corresponding to an electron reaching the anode with zero velocity in the direction of the electric field. Rather than representing the threshold for magnetic insulation, this condition gives the maximum magnetic field and maximum collision frequency for which an electron reaches the anode without turning around; higher magnetic fields and/or collision frequencies cause the electron to turn around before crossing the gap. Further increasing either quantity causes the electron to change direction more frequently as it crosses the gap, noticeably increasing the transit time with each change in electron direction. In the limit of high collision frequency, the electron velocity across the gap approaches a constant, meaning that electrons will reach the anode at nonzero velocity. The transit time above this condition increases smoothly and monotonically with increasing magnetic field or collision frequency. These results elucidate the implications of collisions on magnetic insulation for future assessments of the limiting current in a collisional CFG.


The purpose of this study is to identify relations among immersion, strengthen interpersonal relations and exercises satisfaction of the living exercise programs participants. The object of this study was selected from the elderly who participate in sport for all program at 8 Elder's College in southern Gyengggi-do. Among collected 320 data, 308 data was used except 12 unclear data. Research tool was a questionnaire. The data was put through SPSS 18.0 to conduct correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis, The analysis produced the following results. First, when recognition immersion in immersion level of participants in the elderly college sports for all program is high, intimacy and sympathy in personal relation is highly recognized. so that has directly significant effect. Second, When there are high immersion which is subordinate to immersion level at sports for all program at the elderly college and high intimacy which is subordinate to personal relation, affection satisfaction and enthusiasm satisfaction is highly recognized. And that has directly significant effect.


Abstract For many years there have been doubts and some controversy concerning the identity of the third member of the representatives from the Government Code and Cypher School in England who went to the momentous and influential meeting in Poland in July 1939. A document released at the National Archives at Kew in England in 2001 has provided official documentary evidence to identity the third member of that select team.


Based on the established LIDAR chain along the 120°E meridian in China, the gravity wave (GW) activity between 80 and 105 km and the seasonal behavior of temporal and spatial spectra at Beijing, Hefei and Hainan were studied with three years of continued observations. The averaged GW-induced atmospheric density perturbations are near 6%, which in summer are obviously larger than in winter. The semiannual maxima occur near the solstice and the minimum emerges around the equinox at different latitudes. Besides, as a disparity, the density perturbation of GW is still active considerably in winter at low latitude at Hainan. The spectra of vertical wave number Fa(m) and observed frequency Fa(ω) show power law shapes, of which the average is near −3 and −1.7, respectively, and both spectra with special values all exhibit similar seasonal behavior as the atmospheric density perturbations shows. This behavior is explained by multiple effects possibly originating from Tibet plateau (TP) and the main GW source in China was roughly calculated by the LIDAR observation method for the first time located at the TP boundary.


Objective To investigated the expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)in mouse to rat cardiac xenograft and the effects of leflunomide and cyclosporine.Methods NIH mice and Wistar rats served as donors and recipients respectively.Mouse to rat heterotopic heart transplantation was performed(in the neck).The experiments were divided into 4 groups:CsA group,leflunomide(Lef)group,CsA+Lef group,control group.It was the time of rejection that no pulsation could be detected in the transplanted heart.The expression of ICAM-1 protein in cardiac xenograft tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot in each group.Results The survival time of cardiac xenograft in control group,CsA group,Lef group and CsA+Lef group was (2.17±0.41),(2.50±1.05),(4.17±1.33)and(6.50±2.56)days respectively.The expression of ICAM-1 protein(IOD)in cardiac xenograft tissue in control group,CsA group,Lef group and CsA+ Lef group was 155.40±5.33,150.73±5.13,104.65±6.15 and 29.24±2.76 respectively.Conclu- sion The expression of ICAM-1 protein was strong in mouse to rat cardiac xenograft.The combined use of Lef and CsA can significantly suppress the expression of ICAM-1 protein in the cardiac xenograft.


In this study, mixed research methods were adopted to examine the online game-based learning environment for "Go Go Bugs". The purpose of this study was to determine if an online game-based learning environment can engage and motivate students to learn more natural science by using game features than the control group, which had the same learning environment, but no game features. This experiment examined the engagement by participants' frequencies of returning to the learning environment after school hours, within a time period of two weeks. The results of the comparison of pre- and post- surveys showed significant improvement in increasing participants' interest in learning natural science in a game-based learning environment over that of the non-game-based learning environment. Both quantitative and qualitative results from this study indicated that this game-based learning environment successfully motivated participants in exploring natural science and engaging in the learning activities. However, there was no significant result showing that the game-based learning environment improves students' learning achievement more than with the non-game-based learning environment.


The three major preventable risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) are hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension and cigarette smoking. The more risk factors a person has, the higher will be his chances of suffering prematurely from CAD. Therefore, m the prevention of this disease, a multi -factorial approach is essential. However, it is interesting to note that in certain parts of the world such as in Central Africa and Japan where the serum cholesterol is low, coronary heart disease is infrequent, even though cigarette smoking and hypertension are prevalent°). Therefore, it appears that before the other risk factors can achieve their full atherogenic potential, a minimal serum cholesterol level of approximately 160 mg/dL (4.1 mmol/ L) or higher is necessary.


In order to operate large calibre electric guns within the trilateral European Electric Gun Program, a 30 MJ pulsed power facility has been developed and installed at the Rheinmetall proving ground in Unterluss, Germany. The facility bases on a capacitive 30 MJ pulsed power supply system being exposed by its large flexibility in the performance characteristics. After a technical description of the system architecture and parameters, a selected number of subsystems are reported in detail. Further, the paper gives an overview of the results obtained from the performance tests conducted so far.


A stand (10, 100) for holding a medical device (W1, W2, W3) includes a stand foot (9) and a carrier unit (1) connected to the stand foot rotatably about an axis (S), the medical device being mountable on the carrier unit. The stand also includes a counterweight (W4) to compensate for the torque about the axis produced by the medical device and the carrier unit, a first receiving unit (6, 102) at a first location for receiving at least a portion of the counterweight, and a second receiving unit (7, 104) at a second location for receiving at least another portion of the counterweight. Upon a change in torque about the axis, a proportion of the counterweight received by the first receiving unit is increasable by a compensation value, and that proportion of the counterweight which is received by the second receiving unit is reducible by that compensation value.


Folim artemsiat argyi with cold-dispelling pain,temperature through the hemostatic function,is widely used in clinical practice.This paper do a simple overview which is about ancient and modern the process methords of refining herbal medicine.


[Objective] The aims of this study were to excavate reproductive potential of the northeast half fine wool sheep,improve the economic benefits of farmers and increase farmers farming enthusiasm. [Method] The steroidal antigen( testosterone-3-ethyloic- oxime? BSA)was used as fecundin to immunize 267 northeast half fine wool sheep for inoculation test in Qitaihe City and Mudanjiang City of Heilongjiang Provine. [Result] In the test point of Qitaihe City,the lambing rate was 156. 39% in experimental group and,that was 105. 75% in control group,the lambing rate was improved by 50. 64%( P 0. 05). In the test point of Mudanjiang City,the lambing rate was 122. 95% in experimental group and,that was 104. 38% in control group,the lambing rate was improved by 18. 57%( P 0. 05). [Conclusion] The results suggested that the reproductive potential of the northeast half fine wool sheep can be greatly improved through application of fecundin.


A helical, filament-filled perfluorosulfonate membrane suppressor is utilized with high concentrations (0.1-1.0 M) of NaCl (sometimes additionally including {le} 1 mM NaOH) as regenerant to convert H{sup +} in the eluent (up to 10 mM HNO{sub 3}) to Na{sup +}. Elution of the weak acid analytes from the suppressor as their Na salts causes an increase in pH, monitored optically by the postsuppressor introduction of an acid-base indicator. Theoretical considerations involve the concentration and K{sub In} of the indicator and their effects on the background absorbance, dynamic range, and analyte response. Results are presented for 4-nitrophenol as indicator (base form monitored at 400 nm) introduced permeatively through a membrane reactor. Analyte acids (pK{sub A} range {approx} 4.5-9.5) are selectively detected; maximum sensitivity is reached in the middle of this pK{sub A} range. The sensitivity for high pK{sub A} acids is poor, caused by a substochiometric suppressor reaction. Detectability for the moderate pK{sub A} acids is in the low micromolar (50 pmol) level, even with a pH 2 eluent. Capability of gradient elution and advantages of a pH 2 eluent are demonstrated. Operational considerations of the membrane suppressor, e.g., adjustment of the suppressor effluent pH by addition of NaOH to themore » regenerant and relative flow directionality, transmembrane loss of very weak acids in the uncharged form, etc., are discussed in terms of the results.« less