Wireless ad hoc networks susceptible to intrusions as they operate in an open medium and use co-operative strategies for network communications. Solutions that are designed for wired networks are not always suitable for wireless networks, especially Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) are in Dynamic nature. To obtain an acceptable level of security for MANET's, Traditional security solutions like Agent (mobile agent) based are combined with intrusion detection mechanisms. One method is to have IDS is running on every mobile host in a network, which runs a local detection engine analyzing local data for anomalies. A cooperative detection mechanism decides whether there is an intrusion, with all nodes taking part in the decision process related agent. But MANET nodes typically limited battery power. Thus it is not efficient to make each MANET node always a monitoring node, especially when the threat level is low. Instead a cluster of neighboring MANET nodes can randomly and fairly elect a monitoring node use agent and the cluster head. If a compromised node happens to be selected as the cluster head, it can launch attacks without being detected. The cluster head selection based on the fitness function based. The higher fitness function value take the monitoring the nodes of others in the cluster network.


The human eye ts potentially an ideal input device for teleoperator control applications due to the innate ability of the oculomotor system to rapidly shift the line of gaze in response to changing visual stimuli. An electro-optic system has been developed to automatically compute the eye position of a teleoperator and feedback onto the video display a reticle slaved to his eye movements. This ye slaved pointing system allows an operator with mimmal hand/eye coordina tion skills to designate targets within RPV imagery.


This paper used the production process analysis method and the full life cycle method to analyze the carbon footprint in the supplying process of electricity-coal. And according to the characteristic of the electricity-coal,across many different organizations,and existing mainstream carbon footprint analysis and evaluation method,we constructed footprint analysis method which based on the limited organization boundary of carbon source. The research analyzed the characteristics of carbon emission in the process such as electric-loal's production,transportation,procurement procedures and so on,and based on the above research,specific solutions were put forward.


Minories like to expess their feelings with music,and different minorities have different characteristics.WuWa mountain airs are expended generations by generations of HuaYao minority in Huxingshan Town Longhui county Hunan Province.It is a special way of expressings feeling there and of strong minority characteritics.


To control the unseating failure of bridges effectively during earthquakes was one of the key problems in field of bridge earthquake resistant engineering. By considering the nonlinear behavior of bearings,the elastic-plastic behavior of piers and the influence of collisions,a finite element model of a five-span simply supported girder bridge was established. The longitudinal seismic responses of multi-span simply supported girder bridge with pier-girder connection and girder-girder connection control mode of unseating failure were computed and compared with the results of bridge without unseating-prevention control. The control mechanism of unseating failures and effects of two unseating-prevention modes were analyzed. Furthermore,the influences of parameters such as the stiffness ratio of adjacent spans,the connection stiffness and the primary clearance of unseating-prevention connection were studied and suggestions were proposed. The research showed that the pier-girder connection unseating-prevention mode could effectively reduce the relative displacement response and control unseating failure. However, it increased the internal force in pier. The control effect depended on the stiffness ratio of adjacent spans and control parameters. Girder-girder connection unseating-prevention mode couldn't effectively control unseating failures in earthquake.


The area of image processing has offered remarkable ideas and competent compression algorithms in the past few decades. The accretion of data generated by applications validate the use of different image compression schemes to decrease the storage space and time for transferring the images over the link. Each of the compression schemes provide different image quality metrics viz. PSNR, MSE, Compression ratio, Normalized Cross Correlation, Normalized Absolute Error etc. This paper implements 3D-Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) for compressing high resolution images with substantial amount of background. It presents the evaluation of the implemented algorithm, along with the performance comparison of other compression schemes viz. JPEG Lossy, Sub-Band replacement DWT and K-Means. It proves to be a dominant technique for multi-spectral images with improved quality parameters achieving 38-40dB PSNR.


Based on the structured light technology, a new study method and system of concentricity measurement of marine propulsion shafting is researched in this paper. The system is consisted of the image information acquisition, the structured light calibration and three-dimensional(3D)scanning point cloud data processing. Image information acquisition function is implemented by the hardware part, this part mainly by CCD camera, laser, mechanical rotary table and computer hardware. Image information acquisition is used by the two-dimensional(2D)laser triangulation method. The structured light calibration is based on the internal parameters of the camera and relative external parameters to establish relationship between the image of 2D coordinates and object of the 3D coordinates. The 3D scanning point cloud data processing is included reduction and merging on multi view measurement data. Based on multi view measurement data, an improved ICP algorithm is proposed. This system can provide a new method and a new idea for the concentricity measurement of marine propulsion shafting.


Abstract Simulium (Asiosimulium) saeungae sp. nov. (Diptera: Simuliidae) is described based on females, males, pupae, and mature larvae collected from Nan Province, Northern Thailand. It is characterized by the medium-long cerci in the female, enlarged hind basitarsus, and broad ventral plate with its posterior margin not deeply concave in the male, arborescent pupal gill with 42–56 filaments in the pupa and smaller number of primary rays of the labral fan (30–33) in the larva. This is the fifth species of the subgenus Asiosimulium, the second smallest among 10 subgenera in the Oriental Region. Taxonomic notes are given to distinguish this new species from the three known species from Thailand and one from Nepal.


Introduction Chloroacetanilides are widely used as pre-emergent herbicides on corn and sugar beet. Surface runoff and erosion represent major processes of herbicide transport from agricultural land to aquatic ecosystems (Oliver et al., 2012). There is therefore a need to evaluate the transport and degradation pathways of chloroacetanilide herbicides at the catchment scale (Turner et al, 2006). The objectives of this study were i) to assess the temporal and spatial variability of S-metolachlor and acetochlor loads within the catchment, ii) to investigate their partitioning between the dissolved and particulate phases, and iii) to evaluate the in situ biodegradation of S-metolachlor. The latter objective was achieved by comparing the enantiomeric ratios (i.e. R vs. S-metolachlor) and the enrichment in C of the non-degraded fraction of metolachlor in runoff water with those of the herbicide source.


Climate change is assumed to benefit Finnish agriculture by extending the thermal growing season and by milder winters in future. While providing opportunities for Finnish field crop production as new crop species and larger scale use of winter-sown crops, climate change is also amongst the most important global driving forces promoting pest species invasion and establishment into new ranges.


Objective To investigate the feasibility,efficacy and clinical value of treating ureteropelvic junction obstruction combined kidney calculus with percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCN).Methods 14 cases with ureteropelvic junction obstruction(UPJO) combined kidney calculus with PCN,2 cases were primary UPJO,12 cases were secondary UPJO.The EMS system and the home-made electric knife were used for treatment the kidney calculus and UPJO over the same period.Results The average duration of operation was 65 ± 25min;postoperative hemoglobin decreased to 10.1 ± 1.2g / L;the average time for removal of kidney fistula was 7.2 ± 1.4d;and average hospitalization time was 8.8 ± 1.9d.14 cases were followed-up for 2-16 months.12 cases were successfully operated.Unobstructed drainage,hydronephrosis receded or mitigate;one case of hydronephrosis had no obvious improvement,but it was improved after the pyeloplasty 4 months later;one case of residual stones was success to take out the stone with re-percutaneous nephrolithotomy six months later.Conclusion The treatment of UPJO combined kidney calculus with PCN is simple,safe,minimal trauma and few complications,rapid recovery,good curative effect,with advantages of repeatable,which is worth promoting in qualified hospitals to carry out.


Following the quality of classroom instruction, leadership is the most important factor affecting the school performance. The paper analyzes the contemporary models of school leadership, which are supported by the results of empirical studies. The paper presents the results of theoretical considerations and empirical research on transformational, pedagogical and distributed leadership. The second part of the paper discusses the main factors mediating the relationship between school leadership and the performance of the school organization. In that sense, the author discusses the role of teacher professional communities, teacher professional development, the school climate, and the involvement of parents in the school activities. The paper concludes with recommendations for the school practicum and future research.


In this paper an inequality for transforms of processes is given, And under ordinary conditions the expected gain of prophet is at most three times that of the gambler and the constant three is optimal.


We recall the properties of the Kohonen self- organizing feature map (SOM or SOFM), and explain how such maps can be used for information retrieval. We present an application to a bibliographic database. Our neural net can contain more than one level when neces- sary, which allows users to modify its spatial conguration. It is available for interactive use on the World-Wide Web (http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/A+A/map.pl). The interface that we have designed for browsing in the documentary database will be explained in detail.


Two kinds of diazotizable amines were found to form on treatment of sodium 5′-inosinate (5′-IMP), a flavor-enhancer, with zinc powder in dilute hydrochloric acid. The reaction was applied to a simplified colorimetry procedure for 5′-IMP determination, as described in the previous paper.These amines were isolated by column chromatography on cation-exchange resin and identified as 5-amino-1-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-carboxyamide 5′-phosphate (I) and 5-amino-1-ribofuranosyl-imidazole-4-N-methylcarboxyamide 5′-phosphate (II) by 13C-and 1H-NMR, and MS analyses.The coloration mechanism is concluded to involve the decomposition of 5′-IMP to I and II, whose amino groups at the 5-position are diazotized, followed by coupling of I and II with the Bratton-Marshall reagent.


In the Video NeuroImage article "Stereotyped Upper Limb Movement in MECP2 Duplication Syndrome" by Wakabayashi et al.,1 the first sentence should read: "A 23-year-old man had epilepsy, intellectual disability, and a stereotyped movement (Figure 1 and Video 1), which was exacerbated by emotion." The authors regret the error.


Objective: To evaluate the radiotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of recurrent esophageal cancer after radical re- section and determine relevant prognostic factors. Methods: A total of 66 patients with esophageal carcinoma and exhibited recurrence after radical surgery were retrospectively reviewed from Jan 2007 to Jun 2010. The median interval of recurrence from the initial sur- gery was 10.6 months. Among the 66 patients, 50 suffered from loco-regional recurrences alone, and 16 developed distant metastases in addition to loco-regional recurrences. Among the 66 patients, 10 were treated with radiotherapy after recurrence, 23 were treated with chemotherapy alone, and 33 were treated with radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy. Among the 33 patients, 22 were initially treat- ed with chemotherapy and 11 were initially treated with radiotherapy. The median total dose of the external radiotherapy was 60 Gy with 6 MV X-ray of a linear accelerator. Results: The median survival period after recurrence was 14.3 months (95% CI = 12.4~16.2 months). The 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 61.9%, 25.9%, and 16.5%, respectively. The median survival period after recurrence in the patients who were treated with chemotherapy alone, radiotherapy alone, and radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy were 11.4, 25.5, and 14.3 months, respectively. The patients who developed distant metastases treated with chemotherapy initially showed better survival outcome than those treated with radiotherapy (P = 0.032). Univariate analysis results showed the following prognostic factors: tumor location before surgery; operation mode; whether or not recurrence was detected with distant metastases; and therapy af- ter recurrence. Multivariate analysis results showed that tumor location before surgery was an independent prognostic factor. Conclu- sion: Tumor location may indicate prognosis after recurrence. Patients with recurrent esophageal carcinoma and developed distant me- tastases treated with chemotherapy may initially benefit from a longer survival rate.


If failures are undesirable, then it is the duty of the teacher and ad ministrator to prevent as many failures as is possible. A guidance pro gram should not only lead a pupil into doing those things which he can best do, but should also guard him from attempting that which he either cannot do or is not as yet prepared to do. Experiments and studies have shown that intelligence tests and cer tain prognostic tests such as "The Orleans Geometry Prognosis Test," used either separately or together are of real value in predetermining the success of pupils in geometry. In recent years lack of funds has prevented many schools and teachers from using standardized tests of any kind. This has led to a need for some method both simple and inexpensive that can be used by any teacher in predicting the probable success of a student in geometry and in advis ing that pupil accordingly. To meet this situation the author resorted to the use of grades made in 9th grade algebra and English. These two subjects were used because they are the subjects most closely related to geometry; algebra because it is mathematics and English because it requires reading with compre hension and the ability to express oneself logically. The results of this method proved to be better than was anticipated. In the fall of 1934 a study was made of three classes in 10B or first semester plane geometry. These three classes totaled 87 pupils coming from five junior high schools. TABLE I Relation in 1934 of Gkades in 9B and 9A Algebra and English to Grades in 10B Plane Geometry PointNo. of Final grade in 10B geometry Average Pupils A B C D F 4.00 4 4 3.75 4 2 2 3.50 12 4 5 2 1 .25 4 2 11 3.00 13 1 5 5 2 2.75 10 3 5 2 2.50 9 14 3 1 .25 7 6 1 2.00 13 16 6 1.75 6 15 1.50 4 4 1.25 1 I 1.00 1 1 87 total 700


The depletion of fossil energy in the world is getting attention, this is due to the increasing number of human resources in the world. So that efforts can be made, one of which is finding alternative fuels, namely biogas made from cow dung and tapioca liquid waste, this study aims to determine the variation of the filling mixture on the volume of biogas produced, to know the variation of the filling mixture on the biogas flame and to determine the effect of the mixture variation. charge to the amount of flow rate produced. The research method used is bulk filling with cow dung and tapioca liquid waste using a mixed variation of 0%:100%, 10%:90, 20%: 80%, 30%: 70%, 40%: 60%, 50 % : 50%. So that the value of the volume of gas produced is proportional to the productivity of biogas. To find out the volume of biogas in the digester using a manometer U. In the study, the results obtained were the value of the filling mixture variation in biogas productivity for the highest value at the mixed variation of 50%: 50% with a value of 2.061 liter/kg. The highest blue RGB flame was obtained at a mixed variation of 70% : 30% with a value of 66.14 and a red RGB flame value was obtained at a mixed variation of 50% : 50% with a value of 42.14.


Greece is making efforts to achieve full liberalization by 2005. With the growing number of power projects and the influx of foreign investors, the country's future looks bright. However, demand is outstripping supply, which is a cause for concern.


Objective To investigate the relation of matrix metalloproteinases-9 ( MMP-9 ) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations with the size of cerebral infarction focus and the prognosis in cerebral ischemic stroke.Methods A total of 124 patients with acute cerebral ischemic stroke were enrolled.Serum MMP-9 and CRP levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immune turbidimetry respectively in blood samples obtained within 24 hours of ischemic stroke.All patients were scored by the assessment standard of clinical nervous functional defect degree (CNFD),and identified by computed topography and magnetic resonance imaging examination.Results Serum MMP-9,CRP and triglyceride levels,and leukocyte count at admission were significantly higher in the territory infarction group than those in the lacunar infarction group ( P 0.01).In the group of elevated CRP,serum MMP-9 level,mortality,component ratio of territory infarction and the lacunar infarction were higher; while the therapeutic efficacy was worse than those in normal CRP group( P 0.01).The component ratio of territory infarction was higher in high MMP-9 group than that in non-high MMP-9 group ( P 0.05) ; while the therapeutic efficacy was worse ( P 0.05).Correlation analysis showed that there were a linear positive correlation and a rank positive correlation between MMP-9 level and prognosis,and between MMP-9 and CRP levels ( r =0.180,P =0.046; r =0.224,P =0.013,respectively).Conclusion There may be a close relationship of MMP-9 and CRP levels with the cerebral infarction,which is of clinical significance to determine the infarct volume and its prognosis.


A strategy to improve milk production of dairy goats is through utilization of forages containing certain bioactive compounds other than nutrients that may induce lactation (galactogogues). The present paper is aimed to highlight the use of galactogogue forages, i.e. katuk (Sauropus androgynus) and torbangun (Coleus amboinicus) leaves as supplements for enhancing milk yield of dairy goats in Indonesia. Katuk has a high total digestible nutrient (70.4% DM) and crude protein content (22.8% DM). Supplementation of katuk leaves at a level of 0.06% from body weight of Ettawa crossbred goats tended to improve the milk production from 1.13 to 1.36 l/d as compared to the control group. However, no significant differences were found with regard to milk quality. Torbangun leaves have lower TDN and crude protein contents than those of katuk, i.e. 63.8 and 18.6% DM, respectively. Supplementation of torbangun leaves (at 3, 6 and 9 g/kg body weight) into a basal ration fed to Ettawa crossbred dairy goats led to a significantly higher daily milk production by following a quadratic pattern. It can be concluded that the use of galactogogue forages, i.e. katuk and torbangun leaves is promising in order to boost milk production of dairy goats.


Abstract Background: Despite living in a sunny country, hypovitaminosis D is common in women of reproductive age in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Aims and objectives: To establish the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in adolescent female Emirati nationals and its risk factors. Methods: This was an analytical prospective cohort study of 350 female Emirati nationals aged 11–18 years attending public schools in Al Ain. Socio-economic status, diet and amount of sun exposure were evaluated by face-to-face interviews. Serum total 25 (OH) vitamin D (D2 + D3) levels were measured by electrochemiluminescence assay. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was calculated and the association with risk factors analysed. Results: Data were complete for 293 girls. Only one girl [prevalence 0·3%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·01–1·9] had vitamin D sufficiency (serum vitamin D levels >75 nmol/L). Three girls (1·0%, 95% CI 0·2–2·9) had vitamin D insufficiency (50–75 nmol/L), 58 (19·8%, 95% CI 15·0–25·5) were deficient (27·5–50 nmol/L) and 231 (78·8%, 95% CI 68·9–89·6) had severe deficiency (<27·5 nmol/L). Serum vitamin D levels declined between the ages of 11 and 13 years before progressively rising until the age of 18 years but without regaining the levels they were at the age of 11. There was no statistically significant difference between the vitamin D status groups in age, body mass index, accommodation type, family income, percentage of surface area unexposed to the sun when outdoors, consumption of oily fish or total vitamin D intake. Conclusion: The finding of a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in adolescent females in UAE is of serious concern for their health and that of their infants during their reproductive lives. Adolescent girls with a similar social and cultural background currently living in less sunny, industrialised countries might also be at risk.


. In the present paper, we first give some examples of self-mappings which are of strongly asymptotically nonexpansive type, not strictly hemicontractive, but satisfy the property (H). It is then shown that the modified Mann and Ishikawa iteration processes for a $ \mathrm{f}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{y}\triangleleft^{\triangleright}=\{T_{n}: n\in\mathrm{N}\}$ of self-mappings $T _{n}$ : $Karrow K$ , defined by $x _{n+1}=(1-\alpha_{n})x_{n}+\alpha_{n}T_{n}x_{n}$ and $x _{n+1}=(1-\alpha_{n})x_{n}+$ $ \alpha_{n}T_{n}[(1-\beta_{n})x_{n}+\beta_{n}T_{n}x_{n}]$ , respectively, converge strongly to the unique common fixed point of such a family $ \triangleleft^{\infty}$ in general Banach spaces.


Sea-level rise (SLR) is considered to be important for barrier behaviour when barriers are swash-aligned and single-crested, which is typical of only one part of a barrier's lifeterm. Under such conditions gravel-barrier retreat rate correlates with mesoscale (sub-decadal: 102 a) SLR rate is the critical control on barrier retreat, as mesoscale SLR variation in combination with surge potential is able to raise water level to the elevation threshold sufficient for barrier overwash and hence drive barrier retreat.


Objective: Present Phase IV Trial is aimed at evaluating the immunogenicity, safety, and efficacy of Wockhardt's insulin glargine, Glaritus® in comparison with reference insulin glargine, Lantus® in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), inadequately controlled on oral hypoglycaemics. Setting: A head-to-head, prospective, open-label, parallel group, randomized, Phase IV, non-inferiority study over 6 months treatment conducted in 10 centres in India. Participants: Considering 20% drop-out rate, 180 subjects of either sex, age 18 - 55 years, diagnosed with T2DM with body mass index (BMI) 18 - 38 kg/m2 and HbA1c levels 8.0% - 10.0% inadequately controlled by 1 or more oral hypoglycaemics and according to investigator needed glargine treatment were enrolled in the study. Interventions: Subjects self-administered insulin glargine (Glaritus® or Lantus®) subcutaneously once daily for 6 months. Treatment in Glaritus® arm was continued till 12 months. Percentage change in anti-insulin antibody (AIA) titre and HbA1C was ascertained at every 3 months interval. The tests were performed at accredited central laboratory. Treat-to-target dose titration: Starting doses of Glaritus® and Lantus® was 10 units (or 0.2 units/kg) once daily. The target fasting blood glucose was 70 to 130 mg/dL. Daily glargine dose was titrated by ±10% based on average of last 3 FBG values being out of target range and presence of nocturnal hypoglycemia. Early data trends: First interim analysis was planned once 100 subjects complete visit 8 (6 months treatment). By then, 119 subjects (78 males and 41 females) with mean age 46.3 years were enrolled, of which 90 (75.6%) subjects had evaluable data. The results of analysis indicated trend of comparability between Glaritus® and Lantus® at the end of 6 months in terms of immunogenicity (% change in AIA titre from baseline, −10.52 ± 23.06 vs. 0.48 ± 63.95), glycemic control (change in HbA1c from baseline, −1.09% ± 1.29% vs. 0.63% ± 1.19%) and hypoglycemic events (reported by 1 vs. 2 patients), respectively. Conclusion: The present study represents a robust design in line with international guidelines on biosimilar insulin development and the early data trends presents expected similarity of Glaritus® in immunogenicity, efficacy and safety to that of Lantus® in treatment of T2DM.


Lateral ankle sprains or inversion injuries are frequently seen in athletes and also in general population. They approximately account for 90% of all ankle sprains. Lateral ankle sprains are very common injuries, despite this no single method of treatment has been accepted. In grade 2 injuries cast is frequently applied for three weeks. We tried to find out if cast application is proper for treatment of G2 lateral ankle sprains. Forty-two patients with a lateral ankle sprain were randomly selected for one of two treatment groups. The early mobilization group received an elastic bandage and no weightbearing was allowed for 2 days. Patients in the immobilization group were placed in a cast for 3 weeks. Follow-up evaluations were performed at 3 weeks, 6 weeks, 9 weeks and average 6 months after the initial injury. Pain, swelling, echymosis, instability were reviewed. Patients in the early mobilisation group had less pain at 3 weeks. 2 patients (%9) in the immobilization group resprained their ankles. 12 days after the injury, all the patients in the early mobilization group were able to return full work. We conclude that in first time G2 ankle sprains, early mobilization allows earlier return to work and well tolerated for patients.


In recent years, with the rapid development of wind power industry and the continuous expansion of wind power installed capacity, China's wind power scale has been in the forefront of the world. Doubly-fed Induction Generator (DFIG), which includes power electronic equipment such as voltage source converter, is the main wind turbine at present. The control strategy and operation characteristics are quite different from traditional generators. A severe drop in grid voltage can cause overcurrent to the rotor, at which point the protective device acts to prevent the generator from being damaged, but the torque balance is destroyed. The failure of DFIG to restore torque balance will result in DFIG taking measures to prevent overspeed and cutting off the connection to the grid. In this paper, the DFIG grid-connected model is established, the operation characteristics of DFIG are simulated under the condition of three-phase symmetrical short circuit fault, and the action process and principle of overspeed instability of DFIG are studied.


Based on extensive documentary research and hundreds of interviews with principals in Russia, the Baltic states, Ukraine and Western Europe, the author analyzes the logic of international environmental cooperation and documents that logic with five case studies. The article evaluates the efficacy and risks of the most popular Western response to environmental degradation in the former socialist states: subsidization ("environmental bribery"). While often effective, such an approach encourages greater risk-taking by potential recipients; often results in "polluter life extension," or the modernization, rather than replacement, of aged, unprofitable facilities; and sometimes leads to blackmail, or threats by recipients to increase transboundary pollution unless their more affluent neighbors pay them not to do so. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: Q20, Q28, Q30.


Desert Dune System (DDS) is a special kind of water treatment system guided by the theory of "Geochemical Engineering". In DDS, the desert dune sand is used as filtering material. This sand can purify polluted water through "mechanical filtering", "chemical filtering" and "bio-filtering". In addition, the system makes the dune humid, stabilizes the shifting desert sand, and purifies the polluted water. Effectively, it has the function of achieving two complementary purposes to reach a favorable integrated environmental effect. DDS is a "green" or natural water treatment system, with both material and results being natural. No secondary pollution is produced. Some parameters must be considered in the design of DDS, including material, time ratios of flooding/drying, mode of microbe cultivation, thickness of filtering material, inlet water quality, time, temperature, and pH value. The results of a pilot experiment show that DDS is able to treat the polluted water in the Guanting Reservoir, north China from grade V to II or III, which means that DDS is useful in recovery of the function of potable water source of the Guanting Reservoir.


In this paper, we propose a practical framework for characterizing, evaluating and selecting reformulation techniques for reasoning about physical systems, with the long-term goal of automating the selection and application of these techniques. We view reformula-tion as a mapping from one encoding of a problem to another. A problem-solving task is in turn accomplished by the application of a sequence of reformula-tions to an initial problem encoding to produce a nal encoding that addresses the task. Our framework provides the terminology to specify the conditions under which a particular reformulation technique is applicable , the cost associated with performing the reformula-tion, and the eeects of the reformulation with respect to the problem encoding. As such it provides the vocabulary to characterize the selection of a sequence of reformulation techniques as a planning problem. Our framework is suuciently exible to accommodate previously proposed properties and metrics for reformu-lation. We have used the framework to characterize a variety of reformulation techniques, three of which are presented in this paper.


As fears of the Ebola virus and other infectious diseases rise, pharmacists will undoubtedly be called upon to provide patients with public health information and referrals to appropriate care, according to the American Pharmacists Association.


A UGA stop codon is recoded to accommodate the incorporation of the 21st amino acid selenocysteine (Sec). For UGA to be recoded a specialized set of cis and trans factors are required and consist of: an mRNA with an in frame UGA codon, a selenocysteine insertion sequence (SECIS) in the 3′ untranslated region, a SECIS binding protein 2 (SBP2), a specific translation elongation factor (eEFSec), and a selenocysteine tRNA. The N‐terminus of SBP2 is believed to have no direct role in Sec incorporation because the C‐terminus of SBP2 is sufficient for the incorporation of Sec into selenoproteins that have one Sec codon. Having recently developed an in vitro translation system in wheat germ requiring the addition of all Sec‐incorporation factors, we found that translation of SELENOP, which contains 10 Sec codons, is defective in that only early termination products are made. This contrasts with mammalian systems where full length protein is predominantly found. This observation, combined with the fact that neither SELENOP nor the N‐terminus of SBP2 are found in invertebrates, points to a specialized function for the N‐terminus of SBP2 related to SELENOP synthesis. To validate the relationship between the N‐terminus of SBP2 and SELENOP, C‐terminal and full length SBP2 were compared for in vitro translation of SELENOP. We found that the production of full length SELENOP is heavily dependent on the presence of the SBP2 N‐terminus. Our results suggest that the N‐terminus of SBP2 was appended during evolution to allow for processive incorporation of multiple Sec residues into SELENOP.


This manual collects and summarizes the state-of-the-art practice to date, for retrofitting steel truss bridges on the highway system within the United States. These guidelines are based on and are supplementary to the Seismic Retrofitting Manual for Highway Structures Part 1: Bridges, developed by MCEER, to be published by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) in 2006. Seven chapters on the technical application of these guidelines are contained, including an introduction; retrofitting philosophy and process; screening and prioritization; structural analysis; design parameters; evaluation of members, connections and subsystems; and retrofit measures. Three additional chapters provide case studies, a glossary, references, and a bibliography.


The strategy of phase control has been playing an important role in optimizing the electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption properties. Here, Ni nanoparticles (NPs) with two phases, hexagonal close-packed Ni (HCP-Ni) and face-centered cubic (FCC-Ni), coated by C shells are synthesized by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The average size of the Ni nanocores and thickness of C shells are about 10 and 4 nm, respectively. After blended with paraffin wax at a mass ratio of 1:5, the Ni–C core–shell NPs exhibit excellent EMW absorption properties with an optimal reflection loss of −52.6 dB and a large effective bandwidth ( B W e f f ) of 9.3 GHz. The core–shell NPs annealed in vacuum to remove the metastable HCP-Ni exhibit degraded EMW absorption properties. Comparative analyses reveal that the HCP-Ni phase in the core–shell NPs can enhance the dielectric loss and thus improve the impedance matching, suggesting that phase control should be a practicable strategy for optimizing the properties of Ni-based EMW absorption materials.


Estrogen therapy is widely used as a supplementary treatment after hysteroscopy for female infertility patients owing to its protective function that improves endometrial regeneration and menstruation, inhibits recurrent adhesions, and improves subsequent conception rate. The endometrial protective function of such estrogen administration pre-surgery is still controversial. In the current study, 12 infertility patients were enrolled, who were treated with estrogen before hysteroscopy surgery. Using cutting-edge metabolomic analysis, we observed alterations in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) intermediates of the patient's endometrial tissues. Furthermore, using Ishikawa endometrial cells, we validated our clinical discovery and identified estrogen–ESR–G6PD–PPP axial function, which promotes estrogen-induced cell proliferation.


On-center handling performance for high speed vehicle is becoming more and more concerned.Road feel is the most index to evaluate the on-center handling performance.Steering system is the key part of the whole vehicle which affects the performance,which includes steer ratio,dry friction and stiffness etc.In this paper,steering system model is set up by ADAMS,and embed into the whole vehicle model to study the effects of these nonlinearities on on-center handling performance.


The aim of the present work is to carry out the free surface flow in a Pelton turbine bucket. Steady state numerical simulation has been done for the single bucket, for this the fixed configuration of Pelton turbine bucket is considered. The dimensions of the bucket are to be varied for the same conditions of discharge, head, and inclination of bucket to the jet. The numerical analysis is performed with the FLUENT code. The results provided by the analysis are compared for two profiles of Pelton buckets. The flow patterns in the buckets are analyzed from the results. An analysis of the losses due to the edge and the cutout of the bucket is also done. These results give the details as per expectation of steady flow calculations through the optimization process of the design of Pelton turbines.


This paper explain about implementation of public policy in orde baru. As we know that orde baru was the political power has born in 1960s. The question is how the orde baru implemented the public policy. The question based on three factors, invisibility, non rivalness, non excludability. In the real condition, orde baru was changed capital flight, create the sustainability of development, reduced the indonesian population, etc. Even though that orde baru was success to growth up the Indonesian economic, but orde baru was failed create the democratization in Indonesia.


The invention relates to a method for authentication of a sender (100) to a receiver (200) as well as for safe transmission of messages, wherein each transmitter (100) and receiver (200) having at least a first shared key (500), wherein a random number (550) and at least a first part of code (562) one of said random number (550) using the first key (500) the calculated first code (560) from the receiver (200) to the transmitter (100) in a synchronization message (300) are transmitted, the first part of code (562) by the transmitter (100) Inspect your, a first counter (110) is generated by the transmitter (100) usable data (150) and a first part-counter ( 115) of the first counter (110) and at least a second portion of code (121) a calculated with the aid of a second key second code (120) from the transmitter (100) in a message (400) to the receiver (200) are transmitted and the second part code (121) is checked by the receiver (200) for verification of the transmitter (100) and the transmitted message (400).


This paper demonstrates a variety of metrology methods for high selective silicon nitride etch in different process baths. Capability of measuring full matrix components is also presented. For the measurement of H3PO4 and H2O, both NIR spectroscopy and conductivity methods work well. Si measurement in the etchant that contains an organo-silicon compound requires a new reagent development in comparison with the original reagent method developed for regular process contains inorganic Si only.


Galician children's literature was formed between 1968 and 1978, thanks to indigenous works and to the contribution of translations. An overview of the mentioned period will be presented in this article, paying special attention to translations from abroad. It will be observed thus, that translations lacked planning, but pointed to certain tendencies and contributed to the formation of the Galician children's literature through the introduction of new literary models.


This thesos evaluates cognition of workflow diagrams for six components of visual programming languages from desktop GIS software products and one entity relation modeller for geodatabase design. The assessment of the GIS VPL graphical notation is based on the principles of the Physics of Notations theory. The results of the assessment were empirically verified by cognition testing in the eye-tracking laboratory at Palacky University of Olomouc. The results of eye-tracking measurements verified that the graphical notation strengths and insufficiencies in semiotic clarity, perceptual discriminability, semantic transparency, visual expressivity and graphic economy have a significant influence on cognition of workflow diagrams.


Having reviewed certain similarities and differences between the various psychoanalytic models (historical reconstruction/development of the container and of the mind's metabolic and transformational function; the significance to be attributed to dream‐type material; reality gradients of narrations; tolerability of truth/lies as polar opposites; and the form in which characters are understood in a psychoanalytic session), the author uses clinical material to demonstrate his conception of a session as a virtual reality in which the central operation is transformation in dreaming (de‐construction, de‐concretization, and re‐dreaming), accompanied in particular by the development of this attitude in both patient and analyst as an antidote to the operations of transformation in hallucinosis that bear witness to the failure of the functions of meaning generation. The theoretical roots of this model are traced in the concept of the field and its developments as a constantly expanding oneiric holographic field; in the developments of Bion's ideas (waking dream thought and its derivatives, and the patient as signaller of the movements of the field); and in the contributions of narratology (narrative transformations and the transformations of characters and screenplays). Stress is also laid on the transition from a psychoanalysis directed predominantly towards contents to a psychoanalysis that emphasizes the development of the instruments for dreaming, feeling, and thinking. An extensive case history and a session reported in its entirety are presented so as to convey a living impression of the ongoing process, in the consulting room, of the unsaturated co‐construction of an emotional reality in the throes of continuous transformation. The author also describes the technical implications of this model in terms of forms of interpretation, the countertransference, reveries, and, in particular, how the analyst listens to the patient's communications. The paper ends with an exploration of the concepts of grasping (in the sense of clinging to the known) and casting (in relation to what is as yet undefined but seeking representation and transformation) as a further oscillation of the minds of the analyst and the patient in addition to those familiar from classical psychoanalysis.


Objective:To know the status of birth,death,mortality changes and death cause among Mongolian.Methods:Cluster sampling was used in Mongolian living place and every household was reseached according to Ministry of public health,Central Ethnic Affairs commission and Statistics bureau planning in 1994 and 2004,past sampling places were investigated retrospectively.Result:Monogolian mortality decreases but was still higher than average level.The death causes have changed.Conclusion:Health level of Mongolian in Inner Mongolia is inferior that is caused by a lot of factors,so we should enhance the study and adopt comprehensive prevention.


In this paper, we apply wireless technologies to implement automatic abnormal event detection and E-clinical cart information systems for long-term care institutions. The E-clinical cart can follow medical personnel, easing the physical workload of manually pushing the clinical cart. For autonomous patrol work, some abnormal actions, such as falls and squats, can be detected using the proposed human action recognition with few-shot data. Moreover, the proposed monitoring platform with a graphical user interface (GUI) can improve the E-quality and efficiency of nursing work. The experimental results show that the intelligent data monitoring system can effectively carry out the task assignment of the E-clinical cart and event monitoring and warning in long-term care institutions.


The author offers an overview of the most important topics and developments in international criminal law, which are essential to everyone studying and practicing ICL.


GaAs/AlGaAs waveguides with periodical spatial-inversion structures are expected to function as efficient quasi-phase-matching wavelength conversion devices. To further increase conversion efficiencies, introduction of current injection is promising because optical gain due to spontaneous interband emission can compensate propagation losses and thus leads to higher efficiencies. We have successfully fabricated a GaAs homojunction p-n diode with a periodically-inverted structure for the first time and characterized its electrical and optical properties. We have succeeded in observing interband electroluminescence in the periodically-inverted GaAs homojunction light emitting diode. This will open up novel wavelength conversion devices utilizing current-injection induced optical gain.


We investigated the possibilities of the MALDI-TOF MS for species identification of anaerobic gram-negative cocci isolated from clinical specimens of cancer patients. A total 70 Veillonella clinical isolates and one Acidaminococcus intestini isolate were analysed by the Bruker Microflex MALDI-TOF instrument with the Biotyper 3, 0 software. All isolates were identified to the species level with a scores greater than 1.9. The most common species were V. parvula (37 strains), then followed by decreasing the frequency V. dispar (16), V. atypica (16) and V. denticariosi (1). Susceptibilities of the isolates were determined by the E-test methodology. All Veillonella isolates were susceptible to imipenem, whereas a high resistance rates were observed for penicillin G, amoxicillin/clavulanate and metronidazole. The proportion of intermediate/resistant isolates of V. parvula , V. dispar and V. atypica to penicillin (MIC ≥ 1 µg/ml) was 86%, 85% and 100%, respectively. The resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate (MIC 16 - 32 µg/ml) was observed in about 28,6% V. parvula isolates, 23,1% V. dispar isolates and 6,7% V. atypica isolates. According to EUCAST criteria, resistance to metronidazole (MIC ≥ 8 µg/ml) of V. parvula , V. dispar and V. atypica was 88,6%, 53,8% and 40%, respectively.


. \Vc reporl hclium-ion, copper-ioll, and copper-alom dellsities for thrf'c different hollow cathode la.••er configllrations: quadrupolar, hdicoidal and sloltco. Thcse results were obtained at different buffer ga..<;;pressures and currcnt densities frolll measurernents of the spontaneous emission of single ionized corper atom.'>.The particle densities were obtaincd by fitting the experimental data with a balance equatioll model taking into account. tlle disch;uge current dellsity, lhe pressure and c1ect.ronic and ionic temperature dep('IHlencc of t.he huffer ion, metal and metal ion Jiffusion times.


The Finite Element Method is a numerical analysis technique that has been extensively used in industry, and one specific area of development is the study of impact simulation and assessment of energy absorption capability of materials. However, the energy absorption capability is directly dependent on material ductility, so that in order to correctly predict the onset of failure it is necessary to have accurate failure criteria. The objective of this work is to study the applicability of different failure criteria available in commercial finite element codes, in the simulation of stainless steel beams under impact. Initially, material characterization was done through several experimental tests which involve tensile tests and Hopkinson Bar tests. Next, impact tests were made with clamped beams. A high speed camera was used to record the experiments, and electronic devices were built in order to synchronize experimental data with the high speed image acquisition system. All experimental tests were simulated by using Finite Element Method and simulation results were compared to the experimental ones in order to verify the accuracy of failure criteria employed.


The author opens by recalling his speech to the effect that hybridation also concerns certain cultures
that claim to be unified. It is a general trans-historic phenomenon that calls for re-thinking our ideas of difference, culture, and power in that these are all conceived similarly in binary, essentialist
terms.


Abstract Aims The inability to carry office visits was collateral damage caused by the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Tele-health is a relatively new, and yet fundamental amid the current crisis, resource to bridge the gap between phisicians and patients. Methods and results We report our experience with telemedicine and describe the major events occured in our patients. 121 consecutive adult patients with arterial hypertension (F/M: 56/65; mean age: 66.8 years) were enrolled. 33 patients (27%) had also diabetes, 94 (78%) were also affected from dyslipidemia and 11 (9%) had CAD. They all referred to our ambulatory of hypertension, in most of case for several years. Given the impossibility to continue routine outpatient visits during lockdown, they were all phone called by three residents in order to detect their state of health or any events they could have experienced over this period. They were all asked about their own blood pressure values, the occurrence of new symptoms and of new-onset both cardiovascular and non cardiovascular events. We also followed a self-made preset form. 31 of them (26%) experienced cardiovascular symptoms/events during this period: 11 had hypertensive peaks, in one case associated with nausea and vomiting while 2 of them had hypotensive episodes; 10 had typical angina and/or dyspnoea while 4 had atypical angina; 6 had palpitations; 1 of them developed new onset atrial fibrillation resolved with pharmacologic cardioversion during hospitalization; 1 had syncope; 1 patient reported new onset peripheral oedema; 2 patients died during lockdown for non cardiovascular causes. 17 of them also developed non cardiovascular symptoms, 7 of whom were severe anxiety and/or panic attacks. Almost all patients had important lifestyle changes, in 15 cases (12.3%) associated with weight increase. Conclusion The impossibility to access to routine outpatient visits during lockdown due to global pandemic of SARS-CoV2, has brought out the risk of underestimating consequences of chronic disease, in absence of appropriate Follow-up. Nevertheless, the two deaths we report were not related to cardiovascular disease. The risk is that both the missing of cardiovascular control visit and the extension of the waiting list, could provoke serious complications in patients suffering from chronic cardiovascular disease.


The high-speed and high-power germanium photodetector (Ge PD) is highly desired for integrated microwave photonics systems. However, the space-charge effect has impeded the improvement of the performance. Here, we propose and demonstrate a high-speed and high-power Ge PD with alleviated space-charge effect, namely carrier-accelerated PD (CA PD). An additional electrical field is introduced to equalize the spatial distribution of photo-generated carriers, and thus the space-charge effect can be alleviated compared with conventional schemes. The CA PD is fabricated in the standard silicon photonics platform and has a small-signal bandwidth of 25 GHz. The carrier dynamics influenced by the additional electrical field is investigated using the impulse photocurrent measurement. In high-power condition, a 1-dB compression current of 1.7 mA can be observed.


In 1994, Austroads established road safety audit practice in Australia and New Zealand with the publication of the Road Safety Audit Guide. Since that time, the Guide has been incorporated into the Guide to Road Safety as Part 6: Road Safety Audit with two updates being completed, in 2002 and 2009. In 2005 a new road safety paradigm was introduced to Australia. While the 2009 edition of Road Safety Audit guide contains information about the Safe System approach, it does not provide road safety audit practitioners with guidance about how this new paradigm should be reflected in a road safety audit. In the 2015 review of Part 6: Road Safety Audit, Austroads has sought to align road safety audits, auditors and road project managers with a structured, systems based approach to road safety. A review by Austroads has also looked at road safety auditor training and accreditation and where opportunities are available for improvement and harmonisation.


This article is devoted to the problem of the relations of gender identity of young mothers and quality of hardeness. The character of this relation of young mothers and childless girls was examined using the sample of 144 with the help of the Test of Hardiness and Kuns method Who am I. The motherhood is the factor determining principle changes in gender identity. As a result the positive perception of herself as a female of students with children is closely connected with Control attitude and of others with Challenge and Сommitment attitudes.


This study analyses the relationship between creativity and personality in two cultural contexts, London, England and the Greater Region of Luxembourg. A multivariate approach to creativity implies that personal and contextual characteristics influence creative performance. Is the relationship between creativity and personality the same in different cultural contexts? Within education the cultural factor might have more impact than in other environments because of the assimilation of migrant students. This study is carried out in London, England and the Greater Region of Luxembourg. The sample consists of 243 participants (199 women, 44 men, M Age = 20.35, SD = 1.56, age range: 18-32 years). Whereas the correlation between creativity and openness is positive for non-immigrants (European), it is negative for immigrants (non-European). This highly surprising exploratory result can be related to migration. A possible mediator between creativity and openness might be individual differences linked to migration, i.e. uncertainty avoidance. Implications of results will be discussed.


The authors describe a patient with myelofibrosis who showed intense Ga-67 uptake in spite of being severely leukopenic and receiving large amounts of antibiotics. They conclude that false-negative results associated with leukopenia or intensive antibiotic treatment may not always be correct.


The integrated systems program is capable of simulating both nominal and anomalous operation of the Apollo cryogenics storage system (CSS). Two versions of the program exist; one for the Apollo 14 configuration and the other for J Type Mission configurations. The program consists of two mathematical models which are dynamically coupled. A model of the CSS components and lines determines the oxygen and hydrogen flowrate from each storage tank given the tank pressures and temperatures, and the electrical power subsystem and environmental control subsystem flow demands. Temperatures and pressures throughout the components and lines are also determined. A model of the CSS tankage determines the pressure and temperatures in the tanks given the flowrate from each tank and the thermal environment. The model accounts for tank stretch and includes simplified oxygen tank heater and stratification routines. The program is currently operational on the Univac 1108 computer.


The invention relates to hydrophobic inorganic gel powder compounded multifunctional insulating mortar, as well as application and a preparation method thereof. The insulating mortar comprises the following raw materials: modified light calcium carbonate powder, monox aluminum powder, an acrylic ester emulsion, an organic polymer cementing material and additives; the raw materials are mixed and prepared to obtain the mortar. The method comprises the following steps: sucking the modified light calcium carbonate powder and the monox aluminum powder into a mixing agitation tank for mixing agitation through vacuum negative-pressure equipment; sucking the acrylic ester emulsion, the organic polymer cementing material and the additives into the mixing agitation tank through the vacuum negative-pressure equipment; finally carrying out mixing agitation at the ordinary temperature to prepare the hydrophobic inorganic gel powder multifunctional insulating mortar. The insulating mortar can be added with different fillers, expanded perlite and polystyrene granules according to the requirements of fire-resistant grades, so as to be compounded into thermal insulation mortar materials for the exterior wall and the roof of a building enclosure. The insulating mortar, the application and the preparation method have the advantages that the energy-saving effect is obvious; the waterproof, air-permeable, fire-resistant and thermal insulation abilities are good; the operation such as mortar and sand pulp production and on-site construction is convenient; the production cost and application cost are low.


The Upper Carboniferous Beil Limestone Member (Lecompton Formation; Virgilian) from the Midcontinent of North America was deposited in a tropical, shallow-marine environment in which varying amounts of terrigenous mud were mixed with carbonate sediment. Shallowing of the sea occurred during deposition so that the upper part of the Beil was deposited much nearer to shore than the lower part. Mean relative abundances of 24 species of ostracodes in 51 samples differed among three stratigraphical subdivisions of the Beil and allowed recognition of two assemblages. Most species of the Cryptobairdia seminalis–Bairdia pompilioides assemblage, characteristic of the lower part of the Beil, were negatively correlated with percent terrigenous mud. On the other hand, abundant species of the Moorites minutus–Bairdia beedei assemblage, consisting of the C. seminalis and the Cavellina nebrascensis subassemblages, respectively, of the middle and upper parts, were positively correlated with percent terrigenous mud. Ordinations by non-metric multidimensional scaling showed similar groupings of species. Species diversity was negatively correlated with content of terrigenous mud.


A novel method was developed to determine sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate residues in wheat flour and starch noodles without degradation. The samples were extracted ultrasonically with water and the extracted analytes were separated by capillary electrophoresis(CE) in combination with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection(CE-C4D). Under optimal conditions, the linear range was 1.00–200 μg/m L(r2 = 0.999 8), and the limit of detection for both food matrices was 10 mg/kg. Recoveries varying from 84.0% to 94.7% with a relative standard deviation(RSD) smaller than 5% were achieved for the analyte spiked between 20 and 100 mg/kg. The proposed method was simple and rapid. It has beensuccessfully applied for analysis of sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate in wheat flour and bean starch noodles.


: The paper assesses the difference between small, medium-sized and large economies in foreign trade indicators (trade openness, balance, prices and growth). It supports the idea that foreign trade growth promotes growth, while there is usually no significant effect of trade openness, current account balance and terms of trade, considering foreign trade China and Russia behave according to the size of their economies.


Middlemen are largely absent from the literature and policymaking on land deals. Based on qualitative evidence from India, this paper shows a highly organised field of aggregators, brokers, touts, musclemen and others permeating the land economy. Biographical accounts provide glimpses of everyday work, career and aspirations. A high-definition narrative of middlemen as middlemen allows a shift away from instrumental analyses of bridges in global capitalist accumulation. Even as they reproduce larger structures, middlemen can be rule-makers who personalise, localise and actively shape the land economy. Global debates cannot afford to ignore these hitherto missing dimensions in land deals.


Improving learning outcome has always been an important motivating factor in educational inquiry. In a blended learning environment where e-learning and traditional face to face class tutoring are combined, there are opportunities to explore the role of technology in improving student's grades. A student's performance is impacted by many factors such as engagement, self-regulation, peer interaction, tutor's experience and tutors' time involvement with students. Furthermore, e-course design factors such as providing personalized learning are an urgent requirement for improved learning process. In this paper, an artificial neural network model is introduced as a type of supervised learning, meaning that the network is provided with example input parameters of learning and the desired optimized and correct output for that input. We also describe, by utilizing e-learning interactions and social analytics how to use artificial neural network to produce a converging mathematical model. Then students' performance can be efficiently predicted and so the danger of failing in an enrolled e-course should be reduced.


Ecosystem‐based Adaptation (EbA) is a strategy to use ecosystem services to help farmers'/communities to adapt to negative effects of climate change. This strategy is appropriate for smallholders to strengthen their livelihood security, diversify earning streams by taking advantage of their traditional knowledge. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to analyze how ecologically‐based management system of floodplain Barringtonia forest helps the traditional communities to sustain their livelihood while managing the forest under changing climate. Barringtonia acutangula constitute floodplain forest ecosystem in Chatla wetland of Barak Valley, Assam. Fishery management for commercial fish production is the primary vocation of the floodplain communities. The species is managed for sprout production (sprout diameter >10cm and length >150cm, tree diameter > 20 cm), the latter is used extensively in fish farming to protect fishes from predator, poaching and theft, besides its commercial utility. Smallholder's forested Barringtonia zone ranges in size from 0.03 to 0.26 ha with mean stand density of 1293 trees ha ‐1 . Study revealed a unique ecologically compatible branch cutting technique which has been developed by the farmers' to facilitate high branch production from the limited number of trees that farmers' own. Such traditional technique sustainably utilizes the forest ecosystem and provide both on and off site ecosystem services. Therefore, ecologically based management practices can also contribute to climate change mitigation by reducing emissions from ecosystem loss and degradation, and enhancing carbon sequestration.


Often, for those of us who teach law, it is our students who plant the seed for an idea, a paper, an article or even a lawsuit. The idea for this article came from a question asked by a fi rst year constitutional law student shortly after the Prime Minister, John Howard, announced that Australia would join in the US-led war on Iraq. She had read through the Constitution and had come across s 44(i). She asked why it was that John Howard was not disqualifi ed from continuing to sit as a Member of Parliament due to his acknowledgment of allegiance to a foreign power.


: By employing the system approach methodology, this research showed the expansion of Powell's algorithm to solve the identification of kinetic parameters in the differential equation system which describes the transesterification of fish fat into biodiesel fuel. The expanded Powell's method is developed on the basis of the algorithm that combines Taxi-Cab method with random search method and gradient method (steepest descent method). The obtained results allow us to simulate and optimize the biodiesel fuel production in order to assess the influence of technological factors on the effect of process and to determine the optimal operation conditions. The expanded Powell's algorithm can also be advantageously applied to simulation or optimizzation in the cases when the mathematical model of the research object contains several parameters which must be identified.


Abstract Extract Although phenothiazine and piperazine are widely used as anthelmintics for horses and both remove a high proportion of the small strongyles, Trichonema spp., neither is efficient in removing Strongylus vulgaris and S. edentatus, which are the most harmful, of the horse-infesting nematodes (Poynter, 1954, 1955).


Understanding the stability, carrier transport, and relaxation of Sn-based hybrid perovskite CH3NH3SnI3 is of high interest to develop lead-free perovskite solar cells. In this study, we perform first-principles and nonadiabatic ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to address the electronic and optical properties as well as hot-carrier relaxation dynamics of pristine CH3NH3SnI3 and its monohydrated phase CH3NH3SnI3·H2O. Our results show that the water molecules interact strongly with the organic part [CH3NH3]+ of the material by forming hydrogen bonding. They also interact with the inorganic lattice (mostly with iodide ions). Our study also indicates a profound effect of water molecules on the optical properties of the perovskite materials. For example, the water molecules reduce the absorption of the system mostly in the visible range of the solar spectrum. The presence of water molecules also leads to faster hot-carrier cooling and enhanced polarization of the material.


The invention provides a method for extracting 3,3'-dimethylellagic acid-4'-O-beta-D-glucuronide from oil tea camellia leaves. The method includes the steps that extracting, D101 macroporous adsorption resin separating, silica gel chromatography separating, DAC chromatograph separating, silica gel chromatography separating and secondary DAC chromatograph separating are carried out, chromatographic analysis is combined in the process, and a pure product of ellagic acid is separated from the oil tea camellia leaves step by step. According to the method, the ellagic acid is firstly and successfully extracted from camellia plants, and the extracting method has the advantages of being high in yield and product accuracy and the like.


In this work the authors establish the use of the photolithography technique by direct laser writing for fabrication of devices on bilayer graphene coated with a photoresist. This technique is simple to use, versatile, reliable, and capable of achieving good throughput. The alignment of the patterns with the graphene flakes and between different lithography steps can be performed with an accuracy of about 0.5 μm allowing the placement of electric contacts and the definition of the Hall-bar geometries in an effective way. The devices fabricated were characterized by four-terminal resistance measurements as a function of the back gate and the Hall effect. The devices show initially p-type doping, but after annealing inside the cryostat at 127 °C in a He atmosphere, the samples become n-type. Different temperature dependence resistivity behaviors are found in bilayer graphene samples with high and low carrier densities. This approach offers a high degree of flexibility for fabrication of graphene devices.


Between the last decade of the 20th century and the first of the 21st century, the implementation of economic projects, which have an impact on Indigenous lands, has accelerated with unpredictable implications and unfolding, continuing today. In the case of the traditionally inhabited lands of the Guarani people, on which plunder is a historical constant, its conflicts not only have their origins in the field of territorialization of spaces, but also reflect an unequal confrontation of rights that culminates in the paralysis of most of the demarcation processes of the Guarani lands. Such conflicts also become visible when comparing the Guarani theories about the sustainability of the Earth and those underlying within policies of environmental "management", molded and subordinated to fit a model of civilization and economic growth that does not take into consideration diversities and increase inequalities. This paper collects current formulations, concepts and categories, with emphasis on the environmental context of lands and Guarani territory located in the Atlantic Rainforest of South and Southeastern Brazil.


Data-driven methods, especially those based on deep learning, have been successfully applied to various tasks. However, training and testing data may have different distributions in many real cases, which lead to unreliable results. Transfer learning can address this issue by learning domain-invariant features. Online transfer learning (OTL), as one type of transfer learning, deals with the situation where the data of the target domain arrive in a sequential manner. The limitations of the existing OTL methods are that they cannot deal with the online data generated by time-varying distribution because of varying operational conditions, for example, besides, they mainly focus on classification tasks. In this article, we propose a novel OTL framework for a regression task, which includes an offline stage and an online stage. In the former, a basic model is built to learn domain-invariant features. In the latter, an updating strategy is proposed to adapt the prediction model to the new data. Besides, an ensemble approach is further developed to avoid over- or underfitting and also fully utilize the knowledge from the source domain for the target domain. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is verified by a real dataset regarding the diesel hydrofining process collected from a petrochemical workshop.


Designing fast singular value decomposition (SVD) is significantly interesting in applications. The random direct SVD (RSVD) has provided a fast scheme to compute the well-approximate SVD by unilateral randomized sampling. In this paper, we present an efficient random algorithm in a bilateral sampling way. We also prove that the proposed algorithms can be bounded well and have less computational complexity compared to RSVD when the objective matrix is approximately square. Numerical experiments on graph Laplacian and Hilbert matrix demonstrate the efficiency and stability of the proposed methods.


Success for today's engineering students will depend on their ability to work with people of many cultures and experiences, to innovate creative engineering solutions to increasingly complex problems, and to develop innovative business and technology strategies using creativity and sensitivity as they navigate increasingly complex environments and markets. A four week (Maymester), six credit course was developed to provide engineering students at Purdue an opportunity to immerse and stretch professionally and personally in a global environment. The four instructor team that included an alumna, accompanied 21 freshman through PhD students from 9 of the 12 engineering disciplines and included 7 women and 5 African Americans. The destination was Chania, Crete. Home base was on the campus of the graduate research campus, Mediterranean Institute of Chania (MAICh) where students met and lived with graduate students primarily from the Mediterranean region. The course titled Global Leadership and Innovation was designed to provide an intercultural experience that would 1. immerse students in a culture vastly different from their own so they could learn to appreciate and value human differences, and develop strategies for venturing outside their comfort zone; 2. reinforce and help synthesize the notion of cultural identity and how our culture flavors our experiences, our interpretations, and our interactions with other people by using a uniquely American academic "product," Engineering Projects in Community Service (EPICS), for a feasibility study; 3. develop intellectual and practical tools so students can "make themselves ready" for creativity, openness to new ideas, and working effectively without enough information; and 4. develop teamwork and build a community of students who will share their experiences with others when they return. The results from the student feedback were overwhelmingly positive.


Software architecture describing the structure and behavior model of system as software blueprint plays an important role in the adaptation of software. Agent with adaptive characteristic provides unique advantage for constructing self-adaptive software systems. Addressing the deficiency of software systems based on Agent in architectures and configurations, a model based on weighted relation web is presented. In this model, through monitoring and evaluating of environment for Agent the weight for relation between Agents is adjusted, and the Agent with maximum weight is selected as the cooperating Agent, enabling the Agent based software system poses adaptation in components, connectors and configurations. This approach provides a reference to others in developing Agent based self- adaptive software systems.


FEW historians today accept the view, outlined by Charles A. Beard and elaborated by Merrill Jensen, that the Federal Constitution was adopted for the purpose of enhancing the well-being of mercantile or aristocratic interest groups at the expense of agrarian or democratic groups. Indeed, what historians have labeled the Progressive interpretation has been widely disputed. One early challenge came from Forrest McDonald, who argued that intergroup conflict during the founding era was more complex than Beard and Jensen had imagined, with many diverse groups adopting a wide variety of sometimes antagonistic positions. Two important books, by Cecelia M. Kenyon and Herbert J. Storing, have argued that differences between the supporters and opponents of the Constitution were not socioeconomic but ideological. There have been yet other suggestions, such as that of James H. Hutson urging that conflict over the Constitution should be understood as between "court" and "country" parties.1 But, as Hutson himself reminds us, the Progressive interpretation has not died. It remains "evident in the identification of the Antifederalists as a discrete, socio-economic group in conflict with another discrete socio-


The arbitrary waveform generator plays a very important role in the design and testing of electronic products, and the virtual instrument provides a new direction for the development of arbitrary waveform generator. The traditional waveform generator is improved by LabVIEW in the paper, and the virtual arbitrary waveform generator is designed by the graphical programming.The system can generate the common basic function signals, generate arbitrary waveform signal through superposition of signal and addition of noise signal, and realize the signal storage and transmission. It can easily realize the continuous upgrading and improvement of the system function and output of the customized signal waveform, and provide convenience for design and measurement.


Aerosol samples were collected in Phoenix, AZ, from July 1989 through April 1990. Elemental compositions were determined for individual particles using an electron microprobe with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer. Multivariate statistical techniques were used to identify particle types. Zero-count particles, consisting entirely of elements lighter than Na, dominate the fine fraction (≤2 μm). Si- and Ca-rich mineral particles dominate the coarse fraction but are also abundant in the fine fraction. S-bearing particles are common in the fine fraction as well. Lower Pb concentrations in the 1989-1990 samples relative to samples collected in the early 1980s probably reflect decreased usage of leaded gasoline. A difference in the number of S-bearing particles was also noted. S-bearing particles comprised 30% of the fine fraction reported for samples collected in the early 1980s and 17% of the fine fraction in the 1989-1990 samples.


Sympathetic transduction of blood pressure (BP) is correlated negatively with resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in cross-sectional data, but the acute effects of increasing MSNA are unclear. Sixteen (4 females) healthy adults (26±3 years) underwent continuous measurement of heart rate, BP, and MSNA at rest and during graded lower body negative pressure (LBNP) at -10, -20, and -30mmHg. Sympathetic transduction of BP was quantified in the time (signal averaging) and frequency (MSNA-BP gain) domains. The proportion of MSNA bursts firing within each tertile of BP were calculated. As expected, LBNP increased MSNA burst frequency (P<0.01) and burst amplitude (P<0.02), though the proportions of MSNA bursts firing across each BP tertile remained stable (all P>0.44). The MSNA-diastolic BP low frequency transfer function gain (P=0.25) was unchanged during LBNP; the spectral coherence was increased (P=0.03). Signal-averaged sympathetic transduction of diastolic BP was unchanged (from 2.1±1.0 at rest to 2.4±1.5, 2.2±1.3, and 2.3±1.4mmHg; P=0.43) during LBNP, but diastolic BP responses following non-burst cardiac cycles progressively decreased (from -0.8±0.4 at rest to -1.0±0.6, -1.2±0.6, and -1.6±0.9mmHg; P<0.01). As a result, the difference between MSNA burst and non-bursts diastolic BP responses was increased (from 2.9±1.4 at rest to 3.4±1.9, 3.4±1.9, and 3.9±2.1mmHg; P<0.01). In conclusion, acute increases in MSNA using LBNP did not alter traditional signal-averaged or frequency-domain measures of sympathetic transduction of BP or the proportion of MSNA bursts firing at different BP levels. The factors that determine changes in the firing of MSNA bursts relative to oscillations in BP require further investigation.


This article investigates the extent to which the dominance of the United States (U.S.) dollar as an international currency has been contingent on American diplomacy rather than the prosecution of expensive wars. Four wars are examined, the Korean War (1950-1953), the Vietnam War (1964-1975), the Persian Gulf War (1990-1991), and the Iraq War (2003-present). The historical performance of the dollar is examined in times of war and peace, and the Box-Jenkins forecasting algorithm is employed to make a short-term projection of the dollar coinciding with the Iraq war. The price of gold is used as a measure of the value of the U.S. dollar and investor confidence in the dollar during times of war and peace. The empirical evidence shows a short-term depreciation of the U.S. dollar coinciding with the Iraq War, which is not atypical of the value of the U.S. dollar in a time of war. Problems with the value of the U.S. dollar in times of war lead to the exploration of alternative forms of money, which if very successful, can erode the continued dominance of the U.S. dollar as an international currency.


This paper develops a simple search model in which sector-speci…c trainings are endogenously determined with or without a negotiation between a worker and an employer, and characterizes the allocation of two types of training. If a worker and an employer can negotiate over the amount of skill training, the training hours to acquire a skill speci…c to this employer's sector may be longer or shorter in the decentralized allocation than in the socially e¢ cient allocation. Meanwhile, if they cannot negotiate, the training hours are de…nitely longer in the decentralized allocation than in the socially e¢ cient allocation. JEL classi…cation: J24; J64 Keywords: sector-speci…c skills, job search, wage bargaining I especially thank Masaru Sasaki, Ryosuke Okazawa, and the participants of the Summer Workshop on Economic Theory for their useful comments and discussions. Financial aid from JSPS Research Fellowships for Young Scientists is gratefully acknowledged. yE-mail address: firstname.lastname@example.com 1. Introduction The e¢ ciency property of human capital investment has provoked a great deal of controversy. In search theory, it is well known that a worker's training e¤ort to acquire a single-dimensional skill (general skill) is lower than what it would be in the socially e¢ cient level1. To the best of our knowledge, the e¢ ciency property of the investment to acquire multi-dimensional skills2 has not been adequately discussed so far. Thus, in order to …ll this gap, this paper constructs a search model with multi-dimensional skills and focuses on the e¢ ciency of the allocation of (exogenous) training hours to acquire each skill. In this model, there are two sectors, and each job in a sector requires a sector-speci…c skill for production. A newborn worker is initially assigned to a sector (which is called an initial sector) and conducts skill training to acquire necessary skills by spending exogenous training hours. More precisely, workers decide to allocate exogenous training hours in order to acquire these skills at birth. In the market equilibrium, workers acquire the skills of not only the initial sector but also another one, because if a worker allocates too many hours to acquire a skill speci…c to the initial sector, she/he produces only a small amount of output in her/his job when switching to another sector. Previous papers have discussed the importance of considering the e¢ ciency of skill investment in an environment where a worker and her/his employer can negotiate over the investment to acquire skills3. In response to these discussions, I analyze the following two cases: The …rst case is that a worker and her/his employer can negotiate the allocation of training hours, and the second case is that they cannot negotiate. There are potentially two sources of ine¢ ciency, and these sources have opposing e¤ects on the allocation of training hours. The …rst source is the hold-up problem, which is due to a lack of complete contingent contracts of wages, which leads to over investment in training to acquire a skill of an initial sector. The second source is the outside option e¤ect, by which workers determine the allocation to improve their outside option in wage bargaining, which leads to under investment in training to this skill. If an employed worker and her/his employer can negotiate the allocation of training hours, both sources arise, and the worker may allocate more or less hours to acquire the skill of an initial sector than what would be socially e¢ cient. Meanwhile, if they can negotiate, only the hold-up problem arises, and then, the allocation of training hours for this skill must be more than what would be socially e¢ cient. The rest of this article is organized as follows. Section 2 presents the basic framework. Section 3 characterizes the socially e¢ cient allocation. Section 4 de…nes the allocation 1See Acemoglu (1997), Acemoglu and Shimer (1999), and Masters (forthcoming). 2In recent years, Wasmer (2008) and Mukoyama and Sahin (2009) examined the skill investment problem with multi-dimensional skills with search friction. However, they did not analyze the e¢ ciency property. 3See, for example, the survey by Acemoglu and Pischke (1999).


The testicle has always interested man from the earliest times and there are frequent overt references to it in myth and religion but, because it forms one of the private parts, references are often evasive, euphemistic or even downright misleading and false, thus making exact interpretation difficult. Two examples of this kind of thing might be quoted, both from works of accepted rectitude: in the Authorized Version of the Bible (Genesis xlvii, 29-31) the aged Jacob, knowing he was about to die, called his son, Joseph, to him and said to him: 'If now I have found grace in thy sight, put, I pray thee, thy hand under my thigh, and deal kindly and truly with me; bury me not, I pray thee, in Egypt: But I will lie with my fathers, and thou shalt carry me out of Egypt, and bury me in their buryingplace. And he said, I will do as thou hast said. And he said, Swear unto me. And he sware unto him. And Israel bowed himself upon the bed's head.' Obviously a most solemn oath was being exacted here but the translators of the Bible have, by the phrase 'under my thigh', concealed the fact that Joseph was taking it by placing his hand on the testicles. He was, in other words, testifying. The taking of an oath in this way was the fashion for centuries and probably gave rise directly to the Latin word 'testis' a witness. Yet, to give the second example of evasion, the Shorter Oxford Dictionary states that Testis (1) is the Latin word for witness but Testis (2)-testicle is of uncertain etymology.


The village is the lowest governmental organization, so that every
government programs which are implemented by the lower government rank will
end up in it, and in return, it also will be reported to be accounted for government
rank in top of it. In the context of democracy, the village has now become an
arena of political struggle that does not only involve the villagers in the selection
of village chief, but also involves members of the Village Government
Institutions. This condition that encourage the need of a leader, the village chief
who is able to manage the better of village democracy so that the society can
participate significantly in the political process based on the local community.
This research aims to determine the role of the village chief in growing the
democracy tradition, the village chief�s quality that encourage the growing of
democracy, the process of democratization at village level, and how is the
democracy atmosphere at village level under the leadership of the village chief.
This research use the descriptive qualitative method, the research took
place at Desa Casa Bauc, Sub. Distrik Tilomar, Distrik Covalima, Timor Leste.
There are two kinds of data, primary and secondary data which is obtained
through observation, interview, and documentation technique. The data analysis
technique was done in three steps, which are: data reduction, data display and the
conclusion.
The results of the research indicate that the leadership of village chief is
democratic but do not intact because there are practices authoritarian in village
council election, government officer of village showed directly by village head.
The village chief is chosen by the people of the village through direct
election mechanism. The village chief always involves the elements of society and
the village devices under his leadership in making policy. The societies are
actively involved in democratic process in village, both locally or nationally. The
citizen political rights and rights to express ideas in public are fulfilled. The
obstacle is the misunderstanding from some members of society about the
government fund, result of the village contest.


The cross section of $e^+e^- \rightarrow \eta J/\psi$ has been measured by BESIII and Belle experiments. Fit to the $e^+e^- \rightarrow \eta J/\psi$ line shape, there resonant structures are evident. The parameters for the three resonant structures are $M_{1}=(3980\pm17\pm7)$ MeV/$c^{2}$, $\Gamma_{1}=(104\pm32\pm13)$ MeV; $M_{2}=(4219\pm5\pm4)$ MeV/$c^{2}$, $\Gamma_{2}=(63\pm9\pm3)$ MeV; $M_{3}=(4401\pm12\pm4)$ MeV/$c^{2}$, $\Gamma_{3}=(49\pm19\pm4)$ MeV, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. We attribute the three structures to $\psi(4040)$, $Y(4220)$ and $\psi(4415)$ states. The branching fractions $\mathcal{B}(\psi(4040) \rightarrow \eta J/\psi)$ and $\mathcal{B}(\psi(4415) \rightarrow \eta J/\psi)$ are given. If $Y(4220)$ is taken as $\psi(4S)$ state, the branching fraction $\mathcal{B}(\psi(4S) \rightarrow \eta J/\psi)$ is also given. Combining all $Y(4220)$ parameters obtained from different decays, we give average parameters for $Y(4220)$, which are $M_{Y(4220)}=(4220.8\pm2.4)$ MeV/$c^{2}$, $\Gamma_{Y(4220)}=(54.8\pm3.3)$ MeV.


A two-step synthetic approach for the production of renewable 1,3-pentadiene was reported: xylitol deoxydehydration (DODH) by formic acid to 2,4-pentadien-1-ol, 1-formate (2E), followed by deoxygenation to 1,3-pentadiene over Pd/C. The overall carbon yield of 1,3-pentadiene reached 51.8% under the optimized conditions.


Poland is currently undergoing substantial transformation in its energy sector, and gaining public support is pivotal for the success of its energy policies. We conducted a study with 338 Polish participants to investigate societal attitudes towards various energy sources, including nuclear energy and renewables. Applying a novel network approach, we identified a multitude of factors influencing energy acceptance. Political ideology is the central factor in shaping public acceptance, however we also found that environmental attitudes, risk perception, safety concerns, and economic variables play substantial roles. Considering the long-term commitment associated with nuclear energy and its role in Poland's energy transformation, our findings provide a foundation for improving energy policy in Poland. Our research underscores the importance of policies that resonate with the diverse values, beliefs, and preferences of the population. While the risk-risk trade-off and technology-focused strategies are effective to a degree, we advocate for a more comprehensive approach. The framing strategy, which tailors messages to distinct societal values, shows particular promise.


The essays gathered together in this book explore the roles of the men and women who served the British Empire in Australasia and India, and those who were subject to their administration. As these essays demonstrate, administrative arrangements involve complex cross-cultural relationships in colonial spaces, often through radically unequal and racially based power relations. Colonial administration involves diverse domains of practice the Civil Service, schools and universities, missions, domestic realms, justice systems and many forms of activities, including managing and organising; financing and accounting; monitoring and measuring; ordering and supplying; writing and implementing policies. In the two parts of this book, the authors from India, Australia, New Zealand, and Britain examine the ways colonial administrations accumulated and managed information and knowledge about the places and peoples under their jurisdiction. The administration of colonial spaces was neither a simple nor a unilinear project, and the essays in this book will contribute to key debates about imperial history.


Within the home appliances sector, the series motor practically shares most applications. However, no further progress in cost reduction or control performances is envisaged. But, the switched reluctance motor, SRM, shows fairly good characteristics such as robustness, easy assembly, and low manufacturing costs. Besides, it allows accomplishment of integrated designs with the product, and an improvement of efficiency up to 90% when compared to about 45% reached by series motors used for home appliances. However, two specific drawbacks of this machine are control complexity and acoustic noise. As a first step, with respect to the acoustic noise, the target of this work is to develop a theoretical modal model of an SRM of four phases with 24 poles in an external stator and 18 poles rotor placed inside. This requires a theoretical simulation by means of an FEM software and an experimental work in a test bench to analyze the motor structure. The comparison of the results obtained by both methods will validate...


A preliminary study on the physic and chemical properties of agglutinin and hemolysin in serum of white shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei) was carried out.The results showed that the agglutinin had the optimal temperature ranged 25~45℃,the optimal pH 8.0~9.0 for hemagglutinating activity.Enhancing salinity in certain range could improve the hemagglutinating activity.The activity depended on Ca~2+ and could be inhibited by EDTA,D-glucose,D-fructose and Dgalactose.The activity of hemolysin could be improved to some extent under 45~60℃ for 20min.When the temperature rose to 80℃,the serum was denatured and solidified.The optimal pH range was 6 ~9,salinity range 18~36.The hemolytic activity could be inhibited by Cu~2+,Mg~2+ could enhance the activity,and Ca~2+ and Ba~2+ can slightly inhibit the activity,while Mn~2+ and EDTA had no effect on its activity.


Charles Walton's new book on form provides a well-organized discussion of the basic forms of music. Although there are brief summaries covering the historical and stylistic development of each major form, the author states his intent in the introduction when he writes "... the emphasis in this book is on these forms themselves illustrated through representative literature with a brief description and analysis for reference and study."


Let d ≥ 2 be a square-free integer and for all n ≥ 0, let l( √ d 2n+1 ) be the length of the continued fraction expansion of √ d 2n+1 . If Q( √ d) is a principal quadratic field, then under a condition on the fundamental unit of Z[ √ d] we prove that there exist constants C1 and C2 such that C1 √ d 2n+1 ≥ l( √ d 2n+1 ) ≥ C2 √ d 2n+1 for all large n. This is a generalization of a theorem of S. Chowla and S. S. Pillai [2] and an improvement in a particular case of a theorem of [6].


Discussing the safe operation of buried oil pipeline,the comprehensive evaluation,and the problems in the rapid detector and comprehensive test detection data,established the coating tube and the comprehensive evaluation system,the corrosion protection of database and evaluation system and software.In the study of buried oil pipeline corrosion residual life,puts forward the excavation corrosion prediction method.The reasonable evaluation method can quantitatively determined severity and pipeline defect in the pipeline,the relationship between the operation status of pipeline operation management for providing scientific basis for the extension of the pipeline,the use of life,and may not reduce piping safety and integrity in the premise,allow more than the required quality standards range of defect.


Background: Multiplex molecular tests have greatly enhanced detection of gastrointestinal pathogens. However, data on the impact of these tests on clinical and patient centered outcomes are limited. Methods: We conducted a prospective, multicenter, stepped wedge trial to determine the impact of multiplex molecular testing at five academic childrens hospitals in children presenting to the ED with acute gastroenteritis. Caregivers were interviewed on enrollment and again 7 to 10 days after enrollment to determine symptoms, risk factors, subsequent medical visits, and impact on family members. During the preintervention period, diagnostic testing was performed at the discretion of clinicians. During the intervention period, multiplex molecular testing was performed on all children with results available to clinicians. Primary outcome was return visits to a health care provider within 10 days of enrollment. Results: Potential pathogens were identified by clinician ordered tests in 19/571 (3.3%) in the pre-intervention period compared to 434/586 (74%) in the intervention period; clinically relevant pathogens were detected in 2.1% and 15% respectively. In the multivariate model adjusting for potential confounders, the intervention was associated with a 21% reduction in the odds of any return visit (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.70 to 0.90). Appropriate treatment was prescribed in 11.3% compared to 19.6% during the intervention period (P=0.22). Conclusions: Routine molecular multiplex testing for all children presenting to the ED with AGE detected more clinically relevant pathogens and led to a 21% decrease in return visits. Additional research is needed to define patients most likely to benefit from testing.


Policymakers, practitioners, and other officials want to be able to readily understand the evidence on what works to help low-income workers find and keep jobs. There is growing recognition, however, that the term "low-income workers" encompasses people with a wide range of educational and employment histories who live in diverse settings and face diverse challenges. Their needs vary, and so do the interventions that can improve their labormarket outcomes. As a result, it is important not only to understand the interventions that work best overall to improve employment outcomes for low-income workers, but also to determine which are most effective under which conditions and for which types of workers.


Hearing thresholds shifts in guinea pigs after
exposure to low dose y-ray or/and noise(2h/d,5 times week,for 8 week)were observed. Guinea
pigs were randomly divided into six groups:1.normal control;noise-exposure(90 dBA);3.γ-ray
radiation group 1(dose rate: 0.0075Gy/2h,accumulative dose:0.3 Gy);4.γ-ray radiation group
2(0.0375 Gy/2h,accumulative dose:1.5Gy;5.combined exposure group 1(90 dBA noise plug
0.3Gy γ-ray);6.combined exposure group2 (90 dBA noise plug 1.5Gy γ-ray).Hearing threshold
shifts in guinea pigs after noise exposure or/and γ-ray radiation were measured by cortex
evoked response.Antagonistic effects of γ-ray and noise was demonstrated on hearing in
guinea pigs in combined exposure group 1 ;The interaction of γ-ray and noise on hearing was
not signifcant in guinea pigs in combined exposure group 2,but the com-bined effect tends to be
antagonistic.


Given a directed complete graph G = (N,E), where N is the set of nodes and E is the set of arcs. Let Wij ∈ R be the flow demand of node i ∈ N to node j ∈ N , cij be the cost of routing every flow unit in an arc (i, j) ∈ E and p be a positive integer. The Tree of Hubs Location Problem consists in selecting a set of P ⊂ N with p nodes, called of Hubs, and connect them by means of a tree. In addition, each node N\P is set to a single node belonging to P in such a way that there is a single path among any pair of nodes i, j ∈ G and the total cost to route all the demands Wij is minimized. The routing cost for every flow unit passing though Hubs receives a discount α given by cij × α . The state-of-the-art of algorithms for this problem is able to solve instances with up to 100 nodes in a high computational time, using a Benders decomposition. This is due to the fact that O(|N |2) subproblems have to be solved at each iteration. In this study, an ad-hoc algorithm to solve O(|N |2) subproblems is proposed. Thus, the computational time of the Benders decomposition algorithm for THLP is speed up. Preliminary results indicate that about 28% of running time is saved.