3 Abstract: The use of solar drying in recent years becomes popular for increasing the quality of agricultural crops especially in developing countries. A wide range of solar dryers is available with various characteristics for drying of crops and food products. A prototype indirect solar dryer with a biomass backup burner was designed and developed for the use of small scale rural farmers to dry their harvested pepper berries. The traditional direct sun drying was only dependent on the availability of solar radiation. It was taking 5-7 days for whole drying process. The results of proposed solar dryer were found to be encouraging. The developed solar dryer took shorter drying time with 11 hours of day time solar radiation and 6 hours of night time with biomass burning. The chemical properties of the dried pepper berries were also found to be within the standards set by American Seed Trade Association.


The traditional training model overlooked the importance of teaching practice, the traditional practice of teaching methods so that students are unable to learn through real application, ERP platforms simulation courses changes in the traditional pattern of train personnel, emphasizing training, experience and practice, so that the students learn the knowledge mutual penetration, which train students from around the physical ability and can cultivate students the spirit of teamwork. Through experience teaching of platforms simulation courses so that students can understand and master business management knowledge and skills in the school, and is a very worthwhile way to promote the practice. ERP platforms simulation course is discussed on the development and significance in the paper, and put a models of platforms simulation teaching and inadequate for your reference.


This article describes the polyurethane resin anti-skid road surface treatment Zebragrip, together with the results of some tests of its properties in comparison with those of four other anti-skid treatments. It is produced by screeding an 'all in' mix of rosin ester binder with a calcined bauxite aggregate. It is a homogeneous, durable, hard-wearing and cost-effective treatment, which resists the effects of oil, petrol and de-icing salts. The Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) investigated laboratory tests for ranking five different materials with high skid resistance, including Zebragrip 2. The tests were performed on the Scuffing Test machine, which is designed to simulate the scuffing action of traffic, and Road Machine No 1, which simulates the action of turning traffic. The laboratory tests showed that Zebragrip 2 is much more durable than the original Zebragrip formulation, and performed considerably better on the scuffing test. However, Zebragrip 2 did not perform quite as well as the other four materials in tests using Road Machine No 1. The results of these tests are tabulated.


A postcocious line of E.necatrix was selected by repeated passages of oocysts that were lately collected from faeces of previously infected chickens.Compared with the parental strain,the postcocious line had the following characteristics:the peak production of oocysts was two days later;the prepatent period was not prolonged,but the dimension of several endogenous development stages was larger than that of the corresponding stages of the parental strain;the pathogenicity was similar in comparison with the parental strain;the reproductive capacity and the immunogenicity was higher than that of the parental strain respectively.


Peristenus spretus Chen & van Achterberg (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a solitary endoparasitoid, which is considered for augmentative biological control of Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür (Heteroptera: Miridae) in Chinese cotton fields. Since the association of P. spretus with A. lucorum was only recently discovered, the biology of the parasitoid remains unknown. In order to understand its reproductive biology, the mutual interference and functional response of P. spretus were investigated by altering either the parasitoid or the host density while keeping the other constant. In both experiments, the effects of parasitoid and host densities on parasitism, superparasitism, progeny production and sex ratio were assessed. P. spretus exhibited a Holling type II functional response to changing host densities, indicating that parasitism increases with increasing host density until the parasitoid reaches its maximum reproductive capacity. The model suggested that a single P. spretus female could parasitise a maximum of 88 nymphs per day or four nymphs per hour. Increasing the wasp-nymph ratio from 1:10 to 1:80 significantly increased the offspring production more than fivefold from ±5.8 to ±35.6; further increasing the host densities (above 80 nymphs) did not significantly increase offspring production. Strong mutual interference of foraging P. spretus females occurred only at high parasitoid densities. Parasitoids foraging alone produced an average progeny of 33.4, whereas parasitoids foraging in groups of 16 produced only 2.6. The optimal wasp-nymph ratio for mass-rearing P. spretus is 4:100, given that resources of parasitoids and nymphs are unlimited.


Three immunoglobulins were examined for their respective antigenic variation within the genus Peromyscus (white-footed mouse). Antigenic relationships among 7Sγ2, 7Sγ1 and γM globulins of 15 peromyscus species or subspecies were studied by using rabbit antisera specific for immunoglobulin from one of the species, Peromyscus maniculatus artemisiae (deer mouse). All peromyscus species tested contained antigenically similar 7Sγ2, 7Sγ1 and γM globulins. The γM globulins of all species or subspecies appeared identical to that of P. m. artemisiae. In contrast, 7Sγ2 globulins antigenically identical to those of P. m. artemisiae were found in only four peromyscus sera, which represented other subspecies of P. maniculatus. The 7Sγ1 globulins were antigenically identical in 12 of the peromycus, although the electrophoretic mobility of the 7Sγ1 globulin and its Fc piece differed from species to species. The results suggest that the structures of these immunoglobulins are evolving at dissimilar rates and 7Sγ2 globulin is undergoing more rapid evolutionary change than γM globulin.


Abstract. Let G be the Walsh group. In this paper we prove for f ∈ L1(G) integrable functions the a.e. convergence σnf → f (n → ∞), where σn is the n-th (C, 1) mean of f with respect to the Walsh-Kaczmarz system. Define the maximal operator σ∗f := supn |σnf |. We prove that σ∗ is of type (p, p) for all 1 < p ≤ ∞ and of weak type (1, 1). Moreover, ‖σ∗f‖1 ≤ c‖|f |‖H , where H is the Hardy space on the Walsh group.


Abstract The exceptional accuracy and stability properties of static and dynamic nodal integral techniques have allowed them to be used to investigate the fine structure of the Benard natural convection problem as a function of aspect ratio for the unfitted heated cavity. It was demonstrated that multiple unstable equilibrium solutions, corresponding to different values of net angular momentum, exist for the third critical Rayleigh number over the range of aspect ratios between approximately 1.1 and 2.5. These solutions were traced out by a path-dependent extrapolation process.


The comet assay is actually one of the most widespread tool to evaluate DNA damage. Its sensibility to low dose radiation has been tested in vitro, both there is a limited data showing its application and sensibility in chronic exposure situation, where the assay seem to be more useful. The influence of the internal contamination caused by the Chernobyl accident on the level of DNA damage was evaluated by the comet assay on lymphocytes of 56 Ukrainian children. The study was performed at the beginning of the 2003 year on children with demonstrable 137 Cs internal contamination caused by the food consumption. The children were selected for the study immediately after a 137 Cs whole body counter measurement of the internal contamination. The minimal detectable amount (MDA) of 137 Cs was 75 Becquerel. The control group included 29 children without a detectable internal contamination, while in the exposed group 27 children with the internal contamination over the MDA were included. Blood sample was taken by a finger prick, the alkaline version of the comet assay was used, in a combination with silver stained comets and arbitrary units for comet measurement. Factors like children disease, medical treatment, surface contamination of children living location, etc was considered in the study. Non significant differences (p>0.05) on DNA damage in control (10.15±7.27 Arbitrary Units) versus exposed (8.93±5.97 Arbitrary Units) group were found. These results suggest that low doses of Cs internal contamination are not able to produce detectable DNA damage under the conditions used for the comet assay in this study. Further studies considering highest exposition on chronically exposed people should be performed using this assay.


The invasive species Orosanga japonica was found at 38 sites in Black Sea coastal zone of Turkey. It was recorded for the first time from the Central Black Sea Region, and for the second time from Western Black Sea Region and in the European part of Turkey. Most localities were close to the Black Sea (<3 km) and situated at altitudes lower than 150 m a.s.l. with the highest records up to 500 m a.s.l. Maximum distance from the sea was in Alemdağ, with c. 15 km, and Erenköy, with c. 10 km. This species is confined in Turkey to the high-rainy and humid coastal zones. Additionally considering cultivated plants, O. japonica was found on 18 host plant species, of which 15 were previously not known to be used by the species. Nymphs of this univoltine pest were found between May and July, depending on the weather conditions such as rainfall and temperature. Adults emerged between early June and mid-September, with the highest density in the second half of August. Eggs were observed from late August to mid-June.


A mobile lidar system was used to obtain plume rise and dispersion measurements for validating plume models. Predictions of rise and spread from the two-thirds law were found to agree well with observations. These predictions were used in combination with Lamb's results for neutrally buoyant particle diffusion in the mixed layer to estimate dispersion when convective turbulence became important.


Software is often delivered late. It is frequently unreliable and usually expensive to maintain. New trends toward experimentation and in the study of qualitative aspects of software have begun.
The objective of this dissertation is to explore the roles of specification and program complexity in the software life cycle and to develop methods for the design and analysis of programs that incorporate the reliability aspects.
A model of specification provides the basic framework for studying the completeness and correctness of specifications. The discussion is limited to systems that can be modeled by a decision table. Current methods of checking are inadequate when logical dependence relationships exist among conditions. One specific objective of this dissertation is to develop a procedure so that a system specification, which is modeled by a decision table, can be checked for its completeness and correctness. A logical dependency graph is used to model the logical dependence relationships among conditions. This logical dependency graph is proved to be an acyclic digraph. A procedure is developed so that all the feasible logical possibilities can be found. A concomitant procedure is also developed to check for the completeness and correctness of a decison table. The two procedures will aid the system analyst performing the validation of system modeling.
Another objective of this dissertation is to develop a quantitative measure that can be used to measure the complexity of programs. A structural graph model is developed. The minimal cut-set of a structural graph is calculated and is used to measure program complexity. This measure can then be applied to the analyses of computer programs in terms of complexity and clarity. Such an analysis will indicate where the deep nesting and the unrestrained flow of control occur, and will help one to structure a program to be more readable, reliable and properly modularized.


In order to test the unied scheme for luminous radio galaxies and quasars we observed 10 galaxy/quasar pairs from the 3CR catalogue with ISOPHOT at infrared wavelengths between 5 and 180 m. Each pair was selected such that both the 178 MHz luminosity and the redshift match as close as possible between the radio galaxy and the quasar in order to minimize eects of cosmic evolution. 13 of the 20 sources were detected in at least one waveband. 12 sources show clear evidence of a thermal bump at FIR wavelength, while in the remaining 7 sources the upper limits are still compatible with the presence of luminous dust emission. In agreement with the predictions of the unied scheme, the quasars and galaxies in our sample cannot be distinguished by their observed mid- and far-infrared properties. This is in contrast to the ndings on the basis of the IRAS scans which indicated that radio galaxies radiate signicantly less mid- to far-infrared emission than quasars. However, the IRAS samples are dominated by low-redshift sources ( z 0:8). At lower redshifts ( z< 0:5), however, some of the lobe-dominated FRII radio galaxies contain active nuclei which emit less UV-optical continuum than the quasars of similar radio power. As this division is mainly a function of redshift and less one of absolute radio power, we suggest that it is caused by the evolution of the nuclear fueling rate with cosmic epoch. In order to quantify the deviation from the purely aspect-dependent unied scheme at low redshifts a larger fraction of 3C radio galaxies has to be observed at mid- to far-infrared wavelengths with sensitivities which suce to yield secure detections rather than upper limits.


In the 20 years before the Second World War the frontier war dragged to a close in remote parts of north Australia with the 1926 Daly River massacre and the 1928 Coniston massacre. There was a rapid decline in the Aboriginal population, giving rise to the idea of the 'dying race' which had found policy expression in the State 'Protection' Acts. Aboriginal and Islander labour was exploited under scandalous rates of pay and conditions in the struggling north Australian beef industry and the pearling industry. In south east Australia, Aborigines endured repressive white control on government reserves and mission stations described by some historians as being little better than prison farms. A largely ineffectual Aboriginal political movement with a myriad of organisations, none of which had a pan-Aboriginal identity, struggled to make headway against white prejudice. Finally, in 1939, John McEwen's 'assimilation policy' was introduced and, though doomed to failure, it at least recognised that Aborigines had a place in Australia in the long term.


Early in April 2011 about 40 church and mission researchers met in the 6th Lausanne Researchers Conference in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Among those who joined us were ten Brazilian church leaders and researchers. As with previous conferences, it was a good opportunity to share our own research and to find out what others were doing in various parts of the globe.


Abstract This paper reflects on issues regarding the uses of computers in augmenting musical improvisation. It engages questions regarding the nature of the computer and its potential for creativity. Social constructions get reflected in creative tools and approaches. Of significance are attitudes to mind/body dualism. In the light of computers seen as instruments, Artificial Life is suggested as reflecting a useful approach, particularly in light of a methodology which stresses a view of life as embodied and situated in an environment. The paper concludes with a discussion of Mark Trayle's (1991) work as an example of computers in augmenting improvisation in this context.


* Preface and Acknowledgments*1. Account Planning History and Practice*2. The Role That Account Planning Plays in a Campaign*3. Brand Destination Planning*4. Situation Analysis*5. Benchmarking Consumer Perceptions*6. Understanding the Consumer Mind-Set*7. Developing Insights*8. The Role of Advertising*9. Segmenting the Target Market*10. Brand Positioning*11. Brand Personality*12. Brand Essence*13. What Is a Big Idea?*14. Briefing the Team to Get a Great Campaign*15. Account Planning and IMC*16. Measuring the Success of a Campaign*17. The Future of Account Planning*18. Business-to-Business Case Study: Recon Software*19. Packaged-Goods Case Study: Chiffon Margarine*20. Retail Case Study: Kmart and Sears* Index* About the Authors


A novel nonlinear compensation scheme is proposed and demonstrated with 112 Gb/s DP-QPSK format using digital coherent receiver. The Q-improvement by the proposed scheme exceeded 2 dB after 20 span (1200 km) transmission.


This paper proposes a stochastic model for Operat ing Rooms (ORs) planning with two types of surgery demands: elective surgery and emergency surgery. Elective cases can be planned starting from an earliest date with a patie nt r lated cost depending on the surgery date. Emergency cases arrive randomly and have to b performed on the day of arrival. The planning problem consists of assigning elective cas es to different periods over a planning horizon in order to minimize the sum of elective pa tients related costs and overtime costs of operating rooms. A new stochastic mathematical prog ramming model is proposed. More specific, we propose a Monte Carlo optimisation met hod combining Monte Carlo simulation and Mixed Integer Programming. The solution of this method is proved to converge to a real optimum as the computation budget increases. The op timization method is implemented and numerical results are presented.


Abstract: After intracarotid injection of [3H]β‐casomorphin‐5 (βCM5) in rats, the accumulation of radioactivity was determined in 18 brain regions and the anterior pituitary. The relative accumulation in all regions significantly exceeded that of [3H]inulin by a factor of 2.5, indicating a low but measurable brain uptake of the peptide. In blood‐brain barrier‐free areas, the accumulation of radioactivity was 15‐fold higher than in blood‐brain barrierprotected areas. The relative accumulation was not dependent on the total βCM5 concentration in the range of 0.3–1.1μM, and was not depressed by 400μM L‐tyrosine. We conclude that βCM5, like other peptides, is accumulated in the blood‐brain barrier‐free areas to a relatively high but differing degree, whereas in the areas with a tight endothelium the accumulation is relatively low and nearly uniform. A binding to endothelial cells may contribute to the low accumulation of βCM5, especially in blood‐brain barrier‐protected areas.


Background: Botswana is experiencing the most severe human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome epidemics (HIV/AIDS) in the world, and migration is one of the structural factors associated with HIV infections.

Objective: To investigate the educational knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), HIV/AIDS, and condom use among religious migrants who are medicinally treated and not treated for STIs in association with sociodemographic elements.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the knowledge of STIs and condom use behavior among migrants. The data of 762 patients were collected using structured questionnaires with modified time–location sampling.

Result: The data indicated that, proportionally, more Catholic patients who had previously heard of STIs received more STI treatment [71 (84.5%)] than the Catholic patients who had not previously heard of STIs [13 (15.5%)]. More Catholic patients who had heard of HIV/AIDS [82 (97.6%)] received treatment than those who had never heard of HIV/AIDS.

Conclusion: Future studies are needed to sightsee the effect of sexual health education, including religion, to examine the extent to which religious fundamentalism plays a conclusive role in people choosing faith over medicine.


Classification of AS-regular algebras is one of the main interests in non-commutative algebraic geometry. Recently, a complete list of superpotentials (defining relations) of all $3$-dimensional AS-regular algebras which are Calabi-Yau was given by Mori-Smith (the quadratic case) and Mori-Ueyama (the cubic case), however, no complete list of defining relations of all $3$-dimensional AS-regular algebras has not appeared in the literature. In this paper, we give all possible defining relations of $3$-dimensional quadratic AS-regular algebras. Moreover, we classify them up to isomorphism and up to graded Morita equivalence in terms of their defining relations in the case that their point schemes are not elliptic curves. In the case that their point schemes are elliptic curves, we give conditions for isomorphism and graded Morita equivalence in terms of geometric data.


Micro-level cross-sectional data were used to analyze the impact of the Gulf war on the production capabilities of the food processing industry in Kuwait. Using a nonparametric test, the Wilcoxon rank-sum statistical test, and a sample of 33 local food manufacturing firms, the null hypothesis of no difference in the production levels of the food industry between the pre-and post-Gulf war period was rejected. The result of the analysis indicated that the food industry in Kuwait was significantly affected by the invasion as far as its production capabilities and levels are concerned.


CBD is the core of the modern city.This paper has studied the evolution and mechanism of Chongqing's CBD.The author points out that the evolution course of Chongqing's CBD appears to be a special "N" patten,and can be divided into four phases:form—develop—wither—redevelop.And it also points out that time,topography and historical chance are the three most important factors in the development of Chongqing's CBD.


This paper explores the role of Michelin-starred restaurants and their chefs as change-makers and advocates of successful gastronomy tourism destination branding in Croatia. In this qualitative research, in-depth surveys were conducted with all of the seven chefs of Michelin-starred restaurants in Croatia. These restaurants are: Draga di Lovrana, Boškinac, Monte, Pelegrini, LD Restaurant and 360° located in Zagreb, Lovran, Novalja, Rovinj, Šibenik, Korčula and Dubrovnik. Results of research uncover whether and which are the significant forms of activities that Croatian Michelin-starred restaurants implement in order to enhance destination attractiveness and by that influence placing Croatia on the world gastronomy map, creating stronger gastronomy destination brands.


DNA microarrays are becoming a standard tool for determining the role of genes in the regulation of any biological process in an organism. The application of this technology for the analysis of gene expression creates enormous opportunities for accelerating the pace towards the understanding of living systems and for the identification of target genes and pathways for drug development. However, equally efficient methods need to be developed for upgrading the information content of the large amounts of data generated by microarray experiments. A procedure for extracting patterns of gene expression through the analysis of the architecture of an associative memory neural network is described. Such patterns contain critical information about the gene-networking relationships observed during changes in cell physiology and the onset of diseases.

The proposed method has been tested on two different microarray data sets, namely DeRisi's experiment on yeast cultures [10] and Golub's analysis of acute human leukemia molecular profiles [17]. Using these data sets, the neural network structure has been examined to extract relationships among different genes involved in major metabolic pathways and to relate specific genes to different classes of leukemia.


We have built a proof-of-concept gamma-ray camera capable of imaging the Compton recoil electron tracks in 3D, and reconstructing the gamma-ray source direction and energy spectrum from those tracks. The electrons are tracked in a fiber-optic scintillating block made from polystyrene fibers arranged in alternating, orthogonal layers, and viewed by image intensifiers and CCD cameras. We have also demonstrated the detection of neutrons in the same gamma camera by recording the scintillation light from proton recoils in the fibers, and discriminating between protons and electrons based on their different ranges in polystyrene. We have developed software that reconstructs the energy and direction of the recoil electrons and reconstructs the energy spectrum and direction of the gamma rays from (1) single Compton scattering, by computing the mean electron direction of a statistical sample, and (2) double and triple Compton scattering by full kinematic reconstruction of the energy and direction of individual gamma rays.


Inverse supercritical fluid chromatography (ISFC) is used to measure partition coefficients of five polar and nonpolar organic solids between supercritical CO2 and cross-linked poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) swollen with CO2. Polymer−solute interaction energies, which are determined from the partition coefficients, correlate with the heats of vaporization of the pure solutes. These interaction energies can be determined at ambient temperature for solutes that are too nonvolatile to study by inverse gas chromatography. Binary and ternary phase equilibria are modeled with lattice fluid theory including a term to account for the degree of polymer cross-linking. Experimental results indicate that solute adsorption on the support phase, which can be severe in packed columns, is negligible with the use of capillary columns.


Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a cancer largely refractory to immune checkpoint inhibition. There is substantial interpatient molecular heterogeneity in colorectal cancer reported from studies on tumor RNA and studies on immunohistochemical analyses of fixed tumor tissue. Several major transcriptomic analyses from microarrays and RNA-seq data have identified major transcriptomic subtypes and major activated pathways and deconvoluted cell-type enrichments. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue microarrays have identified several different histomorphologic/spatial patterns of immune infiltrates in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we perform large-scale -omic analyses on tumor RNA and multiplex IHC simultaneously on 158 Asian colorectal cancers. Methods: We performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) (60x tumor, 30x normal) and deep whole-transcriptomic sequencing (RNA-seq) (∼200x106 reads per tumor) on 158 colorectal cancers. To evaluate the spatial patterns of the tumor microenvironment, we constructed a tissue microarray comprising the tumor core, tumor edge and normal adjacent tissue of these 158 CRCs. We performed HE 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5693.


Colonies of M. rubra, M. ruginodis and M. scabrinodis were collected in four geographic regions: Kiev, Ukraine (50.5°N, 30.5°E - first two species), Vladimir, Russia (56.2°N, 40.4°E - only last species), St. Petersburg, Russia (59.3°N, 30.3°E - all three species) and Chupa, Murmansk prov., Russia (66.3°N, 33.7°E - last two species). After artificial overwintering experimental cultures consisting of 150 workers and one queen were established and kept at 16, 18, 20, 22, 24 and 26°C under long (22 h) day lengths. The workers reared eggs laid by queens into rapid (non-diapause) brood pupae and diapause larvae, which were removed and counted. The results showed the distinct latitudinal variation in the temperature effects on rapid brood rearing and in the thermal requirements for development. First, the period during which new rapid brood pupae appeared was found to be longer and the total number of pupae produced to be greater in ants from more southern populations. The number of diapause larvae reared by ant cultures was also usually greater, in ants from southern sites. Second, low temperatures reduced the period of rapid brood production and the number of pupae reared to a greater degree in ants from northern populations. It means that northern Myrmica colonies rear rapid brood under lower temperatures evidently worse in comparison with ants from southern regions. Third, eggs and larvae from more northern sites appeared to develop faster than southern brood at temperatures above 16-18°C. This was because brood development in northern populations was more temperature dependent, i.e. characterised by higher slopes of regression lines of development rate on temperature. The sum of effective temperatures decreased with the advance to North. The higher slopes were always associated with higher thermal thresholds for development. We conclude that the reaction norm of Myrmica colonies, in response to temperature, changes according to the local climate in such a way that brood rearing, growth and development of individuals become more temperature dependent in more severe environments with colder and shorter summers. This lead to the increase of the physiological and developmental responses at higher temperatures at the expense of a decrease within lower temperature range. In fact Myrmica colonies from northern populations need on average higher temperatures in their nests for successful production of new adults as compared to southern ants.


The article describes the results of empirical research of necessary personal and professional-significant qualities of technical discipline teacher's, which influence on pedagogical interaction efficiency between teacher and cadets of military high school.


: Considering the high reliability requirement for on-orbit operation of space manipulator, the sensitivity of motion reliability, which is adopted as the rule of planning missions and developing control strategy, is analysed based on the multilayer mapping model of factors influencing motion reliability. Taking the geometrical parameters, control variables and flexible factors into account, the multilayer mapping model is established, which can represent the coupling relations of factors and the recursion relations to motion reliability. On the basis, the limit state function is constructed with the mission constraints of space manipulator. And sensitivity is calculated by the introduction of the nonlinear response surface method with high efficiency. As a result, the continuous partial derivatives on multi-dimensional integral function are avoided and the real-time requirement for sensitivity analysis is guaranteed. By simulation experiments, the sensitivity of each factor influencing motion reliability of space manipulator is analysed. The validity of the multilayer mapping model is verified and the effectiveness of response surface method is also proved in sensitivity analysis of motion reliability. Further, the time-varying characteristics of sensitivity during missions are discussed.


INTRODUCTION: Water conservation is one of the global challenges of this century. More than 2billion people in developing nation currently lack enough water to meet basic human needs. In these circumstances the people should have adequate knowledge on water. In this paper the aim is to assess the knowledge on water conservation as a part of ecological balance among the household. METHODS: A computerized search for published literature and journal articles was undertaken through, Pub Med,EBSCO, databases. That werefound between 2010 to 2016. Search strategy specific to each database was used. During initial search 1257titles were retrieved and after screening 6 articles were selected for full text screening. Finally, 6 research articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria. RESULT: Out of 6 literatures, 5 research studies concluding that there is low level of knowledge on water conservation and 1 study suggest that there is adequate knowledge on the water conservation among the house owner. CONCLUSION: These researches shows that while there is a disparity between the positive attitude that users have towards water conservation and actual water saving action, there is a great opportunity to reduce household water consumption through enhanced user's knowledge.


Purpose
Numerous metals can be processed using the additive manufacturing process laser-based powder bed fusion of metals (PBF-LB/M, ISO/ASTM 52900). The main advantages of additive manufacturing technologies are the high degree of design freedom and the cost-effective implementation of lightweight structures. This could be profitable for gears with increased power density, combining reduced mass with considerable material strength. Current research on additively manufactured gears is focused on developing lightweight structures but is seldom accompanied by simulations and even less by mechanical testing. There has been very little research into the mechanical and material properties of additively manufactured gears. The purpose of this study is to investigate the behavior of lightweight structures in additively manufactured gears under static loads.

Design/methodology/approach
This research identifies the static load-carrying capacity of helical gears with different lightweight structures produced by PBF-LB/M with the case hardening steel 16MnCr5. A static gear loading test rig with a maximum torque at the pinion of T1 = 1200 Nm is used. Further focus is set on analyzing material properties such as the relative density, microstructure, hardness depth profile and chemical composition.

Findings
All additively manufactured gear variants show no failure or plastic deformation at the maximum test load. The shaft hub connection, the lightweight hub designs and the gearing itself are stable and intact regarding their form and function. The identified material characteristics are comparable to conventionally manufactured gears (wrought and machined), but also some particularities were observed.

Originality/value
This research demonstrates the mechanical strength of lightweight structures in gears. Future research needs to consider the dynamic load-carrying capacity of additively manufactured gears.


This paper presents the results of concrete mix with partial replacement of fine aggregate by quarry dust and simultaneous partial replacement of coarse aggregate by laterite stone aggregate respectively on compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength and workability of concrete. Concrete mixes containing 0%, 10%, 20%, 25 % and 30%, replacement (by weight) of fine aggregate with quarry dust and simultaneously 25% replacement of coarse aggregate (by weight) with laterite stone were casted in lab and checked for compressive strength, split tensile strength ,flexure strength and workability .This replacement results in making the concrete more economically available.


Highly-oriented ZnO thin films have been successfully deposited on (100)Si by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) at 250°C∼400°C. We report on the structural properties of ZnO thin film at various temperatures. The crystallinity of thin films improved and the surface smoothness decreased with increasing growth temperature. In x-ray reflection analysis with respect to ZnO (0002) peak, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.4°was achieved at 400°.


No-till/direct seeding manages the amount, orientation, and distribution of crops and other residue on soil surfaces, while growing crops in narrow slots or residue-free strips in soil previously untilled by full-width implements. In both methods, the number of passes needed for tilling and planting is decreased, saving both fuel and time spent in the field. Both methods have many additional benefits beyond a reduction in diesel fuel. Machinery wear-and-tear is reduced due to fewer passes across the field. They also reduce soil, wind, and water erosion, which sees a corresponding decrease in particulate matter (dust) in the air. In September 2006, EnSave, Inc. and the Upper Columbia and Blue Mountain Resource Conservation and Development Councils (RC&Ds) initiated the Eastern Washington Diesel Emission Reduction Program, funded by a grant from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The goal of the program was to reduce atmospheric pollutants, soil erosion, and compaction; increase soil moisture and organic matter; and reduce the amount of sediment and nutrient run-off entering local water sources by encouraging area farmers to convert over 16,900 acres to no-till/direct seeding. The program enrolled 21 Eastern Washington farmers in six counties. The program offered cash incentives to farmers who made…


Epidural labour analgesia is considered as the gold standard of pain relief for paturients inspite of the hesitancy that is prevalent in our country in providing pain-free labour.  There are several other pharmacological and non pharmacological methods available for providing labour analgesia. Local anaesthetic is an indispensable drug for administering epidural labour analgesia Ropivacaine is the most widely used local anaesthetic for labour analgesia because of its safety profile proven by various studies.It is less potent and onset of action is slightly prolonged when compared to bupivacaine or levobupivacaine. Use of adjuvants along with local anaesthetic reduces the total dose of local anaesthetic that is required for providing effective labour analgesia. Clonidine is a centrally acting partial alpha 2 adrenergic agonist that reduces the anaesthetic and analgesic requirement of local anaesthetic. This study is aimed to study the effect of ropivacaine with clonidine as an adjuvant for labour analgesia.To compare the time of onset of analgesia, total dose of local anaesthetic required, total duration of analgesia and neonatal outcome between the two groups, Group I with ropivacaine and Group II ropivacaine with clonidine.: A prospective randomised controlled study was conducted in a government peripheral medical College after getting ethical committee clearance 100 patrurients randomised  into two groups, Group I received 2% ropivacaine and Group II received 2% ropivacaine with 40 micrograms of clonidine.: The results were analysed with SPSSVersion 13 using student t - test and chi square test The mean age was 23.4  ±1.7 years. The mean onset time of Group A and Group B were 12.9±1.3 minutes and 17.7±1.3 minutes with p<0.001 which was significant. Total mean dose of Ropivacaine for both groups were 44.0±8.8 and 54.0±8.9 respectively with P <0.05.  Neonatal outcome as measured using APGAR score were 8.5±0.5 and 8.4±0.5 being statistically insignificant.Addition of 40 micrograms of clonidine with Ropivacaine epidurally resulted in rapid onset of analgesia with required dose of Ropivacaine. Use of Clonidine as adjuvant didn't produce any undesirable motor blockade or neonatal depression.


Assessment is an important part of education. For educators, are collecting information about students learning and information about the learning process. For students, the assessment is the process of informing them about the progress of learning. Effective assessment process is responsive to the strengths, needs and clearly articulated student learning objectives. This research was aimed to know the effect of assessment form towards students ability in answering the problem correctly on kinematics and dynamics of motion. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The data collecting method are assessment test and interview. Assessment test instrument are written test and animation form test. The question we use was taken "Force Concept Inventory" on kinematics and dynamics concepts. The sample are 36 student of 6 th terms student of Physics Undergraduate Departement in Sebelas Maret University. The result shows that for kinematics concept, more students answer correctly for test presented in animation form but for dynamics concept conventional test is better.


I. Introduction: Basic concepts.- Getting started. II. Essentials: Linear innovations state space models.- Non-linear and heteroscedastic innovations state space models.- Estimation of innovations state space models.- Prediction distributions and intervals.- Selection of models. III. Further topics: Normalizing seasonal components.- Models with regressor variables.- Some properties of linear models.- Reduced forms and relationships with ARIMA models.- Linear innovations state space models with random seed states.- Conventional state space models.- Time series with multiple seasonal patterns.- Non-linear models for positive data.- Models for count data.- Vector exponential smoothing. IV. Applications: Inventory control application.- Conditional heteroscedasticity and finance applications.- Economic applications: the Beveridge-Nelson decomposition.


A CMOS high dynamic range, high-drive buffer suitable for driving large capacitive loads is presented. A new area-efficient output stage has been used so that simulations reveal a drive capability of 200 kHz into a 5000-pF load. The circuit occupies only 110 mils/sup 2/ in a 3- mu m technology. The output range is rail to rail for R>10 k Omega . The buffer is capable of driving resistive loads down to 300 Omega with acceptable total harmonic distortion (THD).<<ETX>>


A questionnaire-based survey was conducted to generate data on ethnoveterinary practices used for maintaining the health and curing diseases of sheep in Ona - Ara Local Government, Oyo State, Nigeria. Information was collected from fifty two indigenous sheep rearers using direct observation of household and interview with key informants with the aid of questionnaires. The data were analysed using simple descriptive statistics to generate frequencies and percentages. Demographic characteristics of the respondents show that 57.7% were males while 42.30% were females, 57.69% household sheep owners used extensive system of management while the rest used semi-intensive system. Major causes of losses were diseases and predation. About 7.69% used purely local concoction in solving the problem of ectoparasites and diseases and those who used local remedies claimed to have gained the knowledge through friends, family, radio, books, extension service and others. Data collected revealed that there is low documentation of ethnoveterinary knowledge among sheep owners in Ona-Ara Local Government and this has been responsible for the low patronage of this useful aspect of veterinary services in addressing challenges and complexities of health problems of the modern period.


Robert Broom (1866–1951) was one of South Africa's most distinguished scientists, a multi-faceted genius who contributed to many scientific disciplines, most notably to comparative anatomy, palaeontology and physical anthropology. This paper investigates the least known aspect of Broom's scientific output, his views on the mechanisms of evolutionary change. Broom believed that spiritual forces were behind evolution and that the creation of superhuman individuals and immortal souls was the ultimate end of evolution. This explanation was one of many similar attempts by scientists to incorporate into a theory of organic evolution some of the religious beliefs and values that seemed to be undermined by Darwinism. Speculative and unscientific from the perspective of contemporary science, Broom's theory of evolution gains different meaning if perceived within the intellectual context of the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century from which it originated.


The teaching of the manner of behavior of a professional during the teacher trainees' studies is the most important process that is taught at the university,...


This study compared newspaper frames of the 2013 Asiana Airlines crash in the three countries involved: the USA, Korea, and China. The results revealed distinct patterns of news coverage under the particular influence of national interests. The responsibility frame was the most frequently used, but the attribution of responsibility varied across the three countries. US newspapers overwhelmingly attributed the causation to pilot error, Korean media framed the causation as being open to multiple explanations, and Chinese newspapers were less likely to speculate about causation before the final official conclusion was reached. US and Korean media maintained a negative tone toward each other, while Chinese newspapers took a similar standpoint as the US media but were slightly less negative toward Korea. Further, divergence of news frames used across countries was associated with the different use of sources by different newspapers across countries. In particular, Korean media indicated reluctance to use US officials and a preference to cite alternative sources which offered diverse opinions regarding the attribution of responsibility. Finally, emotions of the crash stories varied by attributions of causation in Korean but not in the other countries' news reports.


AN altogether special interest attaches to the few lines which Stobaeus and Strabo have preserved to us from the lost elegies of Callinus, who according to a well-attested opinion, which however has been disputed in favour of Archilochus, was the father of Elegiac poetry. The only fragment of any considerable length is that which is preserved by Stobaeus (Flor. 51. 19.), Fr. 1 inBergk.:— it consists of 21 lines, with either a lacuna of one line after the fourth or a conscious omission, on the part of Stobaeus, of some larger number of lines, omitted as less relevant to his purpose. In other words it is not quite certain whether we have here two separate fragments, or one mutilated fragment of Callinus. The uncertainty thus caused as to the exact inter-relation of the parts (1-4, 5-21) has proved too severe a temptation for the ingenuity of certain scholars, Thiersch Bernhardy, Hartung, and others. Thiersch proposes to rob Callinus of all but the first four lines of the quotation, assuming that the name of Tvpraio? has dropped out of the text of Stobaeus before the words Koi TIS K.T.X. This is one of those hypotheses which it is impossible absolutely to disprove. Bernhardy and Hartung, however, by denying to Callinus on purely subjective grounds the authorship of the remaining four lines,—Bernhardy because he thinks them unworthy, Hartung because he cannot believe that Callinus would have written a martial poem,—have unwittingly done their best to re-establish hisclaim to the whole fragment. Their criticisms having been answered by Bergk, it is almost superfluous to add anything in opposition to them. I t may however be useful to point out internal evidence which makes against the attribution to Tyrtaeus of any part of the fragment in question. A careful perusal of the undoubted ' poems' of the Athenian elegist will perhaps produce in every mind apt to discern styles a moral conviction that Tyrtaeus could not have written these 21 lines, any or all. Whether we accept or reject, and there seems to be no sufficient reason for rejecting, the story of the loan of Tyrtaeus by Athens to bardless Sparta, it is at least evident that the greater number of his elegiac battle-songs were written expressly for the encouragement and moral fortification of the defensively steady but none too dashing infantry of Lacedaemon. Soldierlike, prolix, as though to beguile a long march, severely monotonous, and ethically unexceptionable, the 'elegies' of Tyrtaeus are essentially artificial and surely betray the hand of a clever and high-spirited Athenian, who has learnt unusually well the art of versemaking, lately imported from Ionia, and knows how to serve, by the exercise of it, his country and his country's allies.


Disease detection became one of the most important applications, especially with the rapid development of artificial intelligence techniques in the medical field. Alzheimer's disease is considered as one of the irreversible disorders that infect the human brain, where cognitive performance declined, gradually. This paper present and discuss machine learning approaches for Alzheimer's disease detection based on the neuroimaging modalities. Based on the revision, it shows that the utilization of different modalities, the availability of the scans, and the optimization of machine learning architectures played the main role to devise an accurate detection method for Alzheimer's disease.


Loyalty is conceptualized as having two dimensions: psychological attachment and behavioral consistency. This conceptualization suggests a four-cell paradigm into which program users can be categorized: high loyalty, spurious loyalty, latent loyalty, and low loyalty. Two samples consisting of golfers and tennis players were classified into these four categories. Two hypotheses were tested to determine if selected personal and environmental variables could be used to differentiate between participants exhibiting different types of loyalty. Discriminant analysis revealed that level of involvement, motivation, side bets, and perceived skill level were useful for differentiating between participants in the four loyalty categories.


Non-subsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) is the combination of the multi-scale analysis and multi-directional analysis in processing high-dimensional signals and has better approximation precision and better sparse description. A novel and efficient fusion method of infrared image and visible image based on NSCT is proposed. Firstly, source fusion images can be decomposed into low-frequency coefficients and high-frequency coefficients using the NSCT. For the low-frequency coefficients, the average fusion algorithm is used. For the each directional high frequency sub-band coefficients, the larger value and region average gradient maximum criterion is used to select the better coefficients for fusion. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve better result compared with the traditional image fusion algorithms.


The research object in this paper is the observation satellite to the ground with big flexible accessory, such as the solar panel and antenna. The attitude control is based on zero moment reaction wheels. Multiple loops compound control project is presented in the research. This kind of project contains three obvious differences from traditional satellite attitude determination and control method: adopt high accuracy velocity feedback flywheel, the differential calculus signal from the flywheel rotate speed output of the fast stable loop, use error correct big loop with narrow bandwidth to suppress the gyroscope drift and various fixing error. Applying the design result to object model and considering all error resource, the simulation is performed. The system design results reach the given target and have much margin.


Liveness detection is an important component in any facial biometrie system. It helps confirming that a real live person is in front of the camera. Given the ubiquity of the high-resolution printers and phone/tablet displays, popular attacks usually involve face prints or video replay. Most existing solutions rely on texture and local shape analysis to detect printing artifacts and light reflections in input attack images. In this paper, we propose extracting three low-level descriptors from the input face image, followed by polynomial classification and score level fusion. We show through our experiments how the fusion of multiple features and scores produced higher classification accuracy compared to the existing individual feature systems. We report our results on three popular benchmark datasets.


On the cover of a recent annual report, the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) billed itself as: "The Nation's LitigatorYesterday... today.., tomorrow."' The claim has some truth to it and may be, as Justice Scalia likes to say, good enough for government work. But it is incorrect as to yesterday (or at least as to the day before yesterday, since DOJ did not even come into existence until 1870), and an exaggeration as a description of today's practice. In this article, we will consider whether it is, or should be, inaccurate also as a prediction of who will be the nation's litigator "tomorrow." This symposium's topic posits a particular opponent: the government. In the actual struggle of litigation, however, the opponent is in a very real sense not the nominal party on the other side of the case; it is the attorney representing that party. In this paper, we examine not the government as a party to a lawsuit, nor the substantive or procedural rules that control litigation against the government. Rather, we are concerned with the lawyers representing the government. The identity, priorities, skills, and role of those lawyers play a not insignificant role in determining the nature and outcome of litigation against the government. In general, the lawyers in litigation against the government are from DOJ. The prevailing rule is that federal agencies hold their own legal counsel, but if they find themselves in court they are represented by DOJ. This arrangement has built-in tensions for the participants, and almost all agencies have chafed under it at times. Though this is the standard arrangement, it is by no means the exclusive one. To a greater degree than is often realized or acknowledged, though without any particular pattern or underlying theory, Congress


Recently, the classical wave equation has been generalized for the case of viscoelastic media described by the fractional Zener model (cf. [S. Konjik, Lj. Oparnica, and D. Zorica, Waves in fractional Zener type viscoelastic media, J. Math. Anal. Appl. (2009), doi:10.1016/j.jma.2009.10.043]). In this article, we use a more general fractional model for a viscoelastic body to describe the wave equation for viscoelastic infinite media, and prove existence and uniqueness of distributional solutions to the corresponding generalized Cauchy problem.


Schaum's outline of theory and problems of introduction to engineering calculations , Schaum's outline of theory and problems of introduction to engineering calculations , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی


Smart grids rely on communication infrastructures in which energy measurements taken at users located smart meters must be exchanged in a secure and privacy preserving way. This paper addresses such a problem by presenting a distributed communication architecture that guarantees the privacy of fine-grained users data while enabling the energy supplier to access aggregate energy measurements and per-user coarse-grained data for billing purposes. The key idea underlying the proposed architecture is to adopt a Secure Multiparty Computation method based on a verifiable secret sharing of the keys used by the smart meters to encrypt their sensitive data. This approach allows to remove the need for any intermediate aggregator element with clear benefits in terms of scalability and robustness.


Abstract The core curriculums for art education in junior and senior grades in high schools (Gymnasium) and comprehensive schools (Gesamtschule) in North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen) describe relevant tasks and objectives and set competency-oriented standards with focus on core subjects. The implementation of these standards is determined by the teachers themselves, who have the freedom and the duty to design the school-internal curricula and select concrete topics. Based on the core curriculums, this article illustrates the opportunities that focussing on objects from the Middle Ages will bring, how the tasks and objectives of art education can be met and why it is particularly well-suited for obtaining specific prescribed competencies. In this context, the general prospects for integrating medieval topics into the syllabus in addition to concrete examples for arts classes of different grades will be presented and existing issues will be critically examined. Specific focus is given to hands-on learning outside the classroom. By visiting locations and exploring tangible objects, students can partake more actively in their cultural environment. By closely examining the objects, students can directly experience the continuity and upheavals of medieval (art) history. The material objects represent permanence, but their cognitive appropriation also invites students to consider foreignness and discontinuities.


It has been shown that o-carboxy-o′-amino-azo-dyestuffs analogous to the o-carb-oxy-o′-hydroxy-azo-dyestuffs form isomeric 1:2-cobalt complexes which would support the observed rule, which states that stereoisomers are formed only by 6-6-ring complexes.


With China being the member of WTO, it is inevitable for China's higher education to be internationalized. Under the circumstances, the higher education is faced with both developing opportunity and severe challenge. We must seize hold of the opportunity, meet the new challenge with the positive attitude and take scientific measures so that China's higher education can achieve the long term development.


Peer Talk of children have been studied from different viewpoints keeping in mind the children's language use and socialization process (Cook-Gumperz and Kyratzis 2001, Kyratzis 2004). It is evident from peer talk studies that children actively resist the adult culture through peer talk in order to maintain their identity. The paper discusses a case of children's peer talk where adult language is resisted by the children by adopting a particular strategy. The strategy of children is to create a set of codes by manipulating certain linguistic features where the code is exclusively used among them.


A new theory of composite damage mechanics at the mesoscale level is developed. The mechanical behavior of a distressed composite is described by the combination of two different phases (matrix and inclusion), both of them are linear elastic isotropic materials. The matrix represents the original material without damage, and the inclusions represent the material with ultimate damage. The inclusion volume fraction is used as the variable to characterize the extent of the damage, instead of the conventional scalar damage parameter. The major difference from the scalar damage theory is that the elastic modulus of the inclusion is not zero, which allows various combinations of the two constituent phases, representing different forms of damage evolutions. Specifically, two models based on parallel and serial configurations are introduced. For example, one can simultaneously combine the parallel model representing stiffness of the composite and the serial model representing stress on the composite. Linear and exponential softening stress-strain curves are used to construct the damage models. The stress of distressed composite can be expressed as a function of the level of damage, and as a result, the upper and lower bounds for the stress can be obtained for a given level of damage. Keyword: damage mechanics, composite mechanics, composite damage mechanics, concrete.


The curriculum of integrated practical activity is a new curriculum in the process of new curriculum reform,which focuses on students' self inquiry and active practice and is a very important curriculum to cultivate students' ability of doing,applying,cooperating and creating.To make clear the target and characteristics of the curriculum is the premise for implementing the curriculum.The development and implementation of the curriculum is bound to arouse great changes in students' learning style,which is the necessary requirement of curriculum development and progress.Try to change the teaching ideas and probe actively into the new and effective teaching strategies seem to be the practical measures for obtaining the real effectiveness of curriculum implementation.


Most references converge in that the recognition of creativity via symmetry and asymmetry relation is essential for the comprehension of the dualism of psyche. Particularly in opera, considered as a world of complexity where music and drama combine imagination and exaggeration harmonically, symmetry and asymmetry constitute an exercise of the psyche. Psychopathological cases described by psychoanalysis influenced opera composers and librettists of the 20 century. Balance between motivation of the unconscious and the forces of destiny in old guard protagonists' like Bluebeard, Elektra and Wozzeck's state of mind, comports with characters found in the operas of 60s and 70s like Devils of Loudun by Krzysztof Penderecki, Nixon in China by John Adams and L' Histoire du loup by Georges Aperghis. Expressions of symmetry like the Spiegelcanon in György Ligeti's Le Grand Macabre, the use of klang's cancer inversions in Karlheinz Stockhausen's Licht cycle, and general adoption of ideal analogies in melody, harmony, timbre and texture elaboration, awaken the subconscious need for symmetries found in nature, like axis symmetry, arithmetical progress and the golden mean. Psychoanalysis, not as a treatment but in its theoretical aspect, does not associate directly with music composition – even less with symmetry, as psyche's dualism is not something measurable and it cannot be defined by symmetries. However, in the colorful world of opera, theories of psychoanalysis by Freud and his descendants can be traced in librettos since the beginning of the 20 century. It's challenging to understand how composers set into music the most common psychopathological situations found in a libretto. In that direction, music symmetries derive from composers' inner self, a personal way of perception of texts and the empathy between text and composers' personal experiences or even traumas. By the time Freud introduced the terms conscious (bewusste) and unconscious (unbewussten) in The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), librettists included conflicts of psyche and various psychological cases into different styles of opera. Later, Freud described 'The Unconscious' in 1915 (Wollheim 1991), 'Oedipus complex' (Freud 1919/2003) an inspiration for librettists and composers to explore the 'family romances' (Buller 2003:64), and the 'Uncanny' (Das Unheimliche) – the concept of unfamiliar and unnatural. Jungian concept of 'Shadow' – the important archetype for the unconscious – considered as the disembodied part that follows someone like a shadow, also stimulated composers and authors. Jung's perspective of human soul suggests a bilateral symmetry among matter and spirit, elevating the psyche to an undoubted superiority (Roth 2004). Talking about conflicts, such as 'Ego vs. Id', or the pathological cases of 'Neurosis', 'Psychosis' and 'Hysteria', Freud described them as principal traumatic states of the psyche. These psychopathological cases reflected in the 'Uncanny', 'Family romances', 'Pathology of revenge' and 'Shadow', inspired librettists and composers during the first half of the 20 century. Claude Debussy's Pelleas et Melisande (1902) and Béla Bartok's Duke's Bluebeard Castle (1911) were composed at the time of the beginning of psychoanalysis and psychodynamic 1 Ruggero Leoncavallo's Edipo Re (1920) is considered as the first opera based on Freudian theories and the Oedipus complex. Subsequent works are Stravinsky's Oedipus rex (1927), Oedipus der Tyrann (1959) by Carl Orff and Oedipus at Colonus (1998) by the Greek composer Theodore Antoniou. 2 'Hysteria' and 'neurosis' are the keynotes of the following works by Freud: i) A Seventeen-Century Demonological Neurosis (1923:69-107), ii) Neurosis and Phychosis (1924:149-156) and iii) The Loss of Reality in Neurosis and Psychosis (1924:183-190), set in chapter XIX (1923-1925) of the Standard Edition, translated by James Strachey (The Hogarth Press, London 1961).


Introduction

Since antibiotics were discovered, bacteria have demonstrated the ability to develop resistance by many different mechanisms. According to WHO reports from 2014, there has been an alarming increase in the antibiotic resistant bacterial strains in most parts of the world1. Our previous results showed that a nanoantibiotic (NAB) design created in our laboratory2, composed of a cerium oxide core, mesoporous silica shell loaded with capsaicin, and a chitosan coating, are effective against planktonic E. coli. However, most of the pathogenic bacteria form biofilms during infections. That is why the next stage of studying NAB is to determine whether they are effective against biofilms of different species. Moreover, the results of NAB efficiency against planktonic E. coli did not clearly show the contribution of the antibiotic drug component of NAB – capsaicin. Hence, the first step of the current study is to determine whether and to what degree, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) – serving as NAB model in this case - penetrate biofilms as a function of particle shape and surface coating; as well as finding the efficient concentration of capsaicin against E. coli and S. aureus  to optimize the NAB dosing against biofilms.

Aim

To check in vitro penetration of MSN on S. aureus biofilm and antibacterial activity of NAB and pure capsaicin on E. coli and S. aureus biofilms.

Methods

To investigate NAB efficiency on biofilms MBEC-high-throughput assay3 was performed. Equal biofilms formed on peg-lids were incubated with different concentrations of NAB and capsaicin. After different time point biofilms were sonicated and plated on agar plated to perform CFU counting. To determine the efficient concentration of capsaicin, biofilms were formed in 12 well plates and then incubated with different concentrations of capsaicin. To visualize inhibitory effect, plating for CFU counting and Resazurin assay were applied. To evaluate the penetration of particles, labeled and non-labeled particles were added to fully grown St. aureus biofilms, incubated and visualized with confocal microscopy and structured illumination microscopy.

Results

Through two different microscopy techniques penetration of particles into biofilm and their localization next to bacteria cells were observed.

In MBEC-high-throughput assay no inhibitory effect of NAB against E. coli biofilms was detected in comparison with untreated bacteria.

Resazurin assay and CFU counting method allowed us to determine the most efficient concentration of capsaicin against E. coli and St. aureus biofilms.

Conclusion

Use of MSN and NAB in particular to deliver active antibacterial agents inside the biofilm is justified.

We cannot claim that NAB does not demonstrate any activity against E. coli biofilms, though we can suggest that the peg-lid set up is not sufficient for the NAB design. Further experiments are required.

The next step is to test different concentrations of NAB against biofilms with more appropriate methods than MBEC-high-throughput assay. These results will allow us to make conclusions about the benefits of NAB in comparison with pure capsaicin.

References

Govardhanam, N.P. (2017). Development of nanoantibiotics and evaluation via in vitro and in vivo imaging. University of Turku, Finland.

Ventola, C. Lee. Pharmacy and Therapeutics 40.4: 277, 2015

Harrison, J. et al., BMC microbiology 5(1), 53, 2005.


The climate change is indicated by wide changes of snow cover.Through its distinctive physical properties,snow plays an important role in the global ecological system not only by regulating the material and energy cycle between land and atmosphere,but also by influencing surface runoff and the hydrologic cycle.After researching and comparing a lot of literatures,we summarized the frequently used data sets.The NOAA data sets which have the longest time series in visible/near infrared data sets are widely applied in monitoring snow cover over the continents and providing the input to the climate and hydrological numerical simulations.With better spatial resolution(1km or better),MODIS data sets which have great potential in the snow extraction can derive the snow cover through NDSI,a normalized index between band 4 and band 6.Microwave data sets are able to penetrate clouds and to detect the information about snow depth and snow water equivalent easily.Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer(SMMR) and Special Sensor Microwave/Imager(SSM/I) data sets are the earliest microwave products for snow monitoring,while the coarse spatial resolution of which limits their application.AMSR-E data sets improve the resolution(25 km) and are proven to be in good agreement with the measured values.To solve the problems existing in the single-source data sets,many researchers combine the advantages of different data sources and develop new algorithms to improve the accuracy and quality of the data sets.The synthesized data sets include the integrated datasets from model and observational data,the integration between observed data and remote sensing sensor,the combination between sensors and multi-source data sets.Among the above mentioned data sets,the combination between sensors,such as the combination between the MODIS and the AMSR-E,can enlarge the advantages(good spatial resolution of MODIS and anti-interference of AMSR-E) and overcome the shortcomings(MODIS is easily affected by cloud cover while AMSR-E has bad spatial resolution).After analyzing the theoretical underpinnings,the characteristics of key products,advantages and disadvantages of various data sets,this article concluded some problems existing in the snow datasets research and discussed the current and future directions in their application and development.


Feedback dynamic routing is a commonly used control strategy in transportation systems. This class of control strategies rely on real-time information about the traffic state in each link. However, such information may not always be observable due to temporary sensing faults. In this article, we consider dynamic routing over two parallel routes, where the sensing on each link is subject to recurrent and random faults. The faults occur and clear according to a finite-state Markov chain. When the sensing is faulty on a link, the traffic state on that link appears to be zero to the controller. Building on the theories of Markov processes and monotone dynamical systems, we derive lower and upper bounds for the resilience score, i.e. the guaranteed throughput of the network, in the face of sensing faults by establishing stability conditions for the network. We use these results to study how a variety of key parameters affect the resilience score of the network. The main conclusions are: (i) Sensing faults can reduce throughput and destabilize a nominally stable network; (ii) A higher failure rate does not necessarily reduce throughput, and there may exist a worst rate that minimizes throughput; (iii) Higher correlation between the failure probabilities of two links leads to greater throughput; (iv) A large difference in capacity between two links can result in a drop in throughput.


The chemical and anti-nutritional composition of a locally grown, underutilized legume 'Akidi'(Vigna unguiculata unguiculata) was investigated, with the aim of creating awareness on its nutritional importance, diversifying food choice and increasing household food security. 'Akidi' seed was procured from a local farmer from Nsukka in Enugu State, Nigeria. Dehulling and boiling were the two treatments applied. The samples were analyzed for proximate, mineral and anti nutritional compositions. The result revealed no difference in the protein content of whole and dehulled samples (22.8%), while boiling slightly reduced the protein content to 18.3%. Highest moisture of 12.4% was observed with the boiled sample. Crude fiber content of 'akidi 'was 2.2%, 1.3% and 1.2% for raw, boiled and dehulled samples, respectively. The anti nutritional factors (phytate, oxalate and tannin) contents of 'akidi' were minimal except saponnin which was found to be 4.80% for whole sample and was reduced to 3.6 and 3.0 % on dehulled and boiled samples, respectively. The analysis also revealed that 'akidi' seed contains low magnesium, potassium and sodium but rich in calcium and iron. Iron content of 14.6 mg, 13.1 mg, and 11.4 mg were obtained for whole, boiled and dehulled samples, respectively. Processing enhanced the carbohydrate and energy content of 'akidi'. Carbohydrate content increased from 59.7 % for whole 'akidi' to 62.6 % and 65.2 % for dehulled and boiled, respectively. While energy contents of 344 cal, 357 cal and 349 cal were obtained for whole, dehulled and boiled samples. 'Akidi' seed was low in anti nutritional factors and can serve as good sources of protein, energy and iron when adequately consumed.


To aim at measurement problem of parameters for ECT system of oil-water two-phase flow,the mathematic model of the oil-water two-phase distribution information is established based on double integral infinitesimal principle.An ECT measurement system of 8-electrode oil-water two-phase flow is set up that is comprised of a measurement circuit with stray-capacitance-resistance and a 80C32 SCM,both of which controls the measurement among the pole plates and the capture system.The image reconstruction for oil-water two-phase cross-sectional image and the calculating of oil-water two-phase water content can be accomplished by an adaptive threshold image reconstruction algorithm,and the precision of reconstruction is about 1%,which can meet the need of identification of flow regime for oil-water two-phase flow.Therefore,it offers a new method for the visualized measurement of oil-water two-phase flow parameters.


The three-dimensional electromagnetic model is the prerequisite for the calculation and visualization of the electromagnetic field.The geometry model is changed into the electromagnetic model by means of the finite element method,which can cause more perfect results.The geometrical model should be regulated,integrated,simplified and the abnormality elements in the model can be removed.Then the software ANSYS can be used to mesh the model with the triangle or the quadrangle elements to meet the demand of the electromagnetic calculation.


Abstract : This is a translation of an article written by Sun Tu which appears in Ti-li Chih-shih (Geographic Knowledge), 1959. It deals with harbor construction in China.


The Assessment Operation Group in the Washington State Department of Health is coordinating the development of guidelines related to data development and use in order to promote good professional practice among staff involved in assessment activities within the Washington State Department of Health and in Local Health Jurisdictions in Washington. While the guidelines are intended for an audience of differing levels of training related to data development and use, they assume a basic knowledge of epidemiology and biostatistics. They are not intended to recreate basic texts and other sources of information related to the topics covered by the guidelines, but rather they focus on issues commonly encountered in public health practice and where applicable, to issues unique to Washington state.


My paper is an attempt to pay a tribute to such great people who remains unknown even after sacrifices for their own societies and also to introduce such a person, who is known for his expressive sympathy towards the nomadic/semi-nomadic(tribal people) communities as he strives hard for their welfare.


Asset securitization is a kind of financial creation which is developing most rapidly in the field of international finance in the recent 30 years. In the thesis, we have analyzed several questions:the significance,the probabilities and the obstacles of promoting asset securitization in the process of our country's commercial banks' management. Then we pointed out several ways to get rid of these obstacles. At last, we mentioned the problem of bad asset securitization. All we have done are good suggestions to some departments whose duty is to make policies.


Natural products provide many fine chemical and biochemical extracts needed in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. By-products from the meat industry are one rich source of such materials. This article gives some of the classes of material which can be extracted from meat industry by-products: steroids, polysaccharides, proteins, thymus extracts and hormones, and information on their end uses. Many of these are refined by New Zealand Pharmaceuticals Limited (NZP), which is also developing plant products including an Echinacea extract and an antioxidant extract.


The invention relates to a method for controlling an electric battery (2) with a total number of electrically interconnected interconnected individual cells (5), wherein the electrical battery (2) for supplying electricity to a vehicle electrical system (1) is provided, which comprises at least (a first subnet 1.1 includes) and a second sub-network (1.2). an electrical voltage for the first subnetwork (1.1) and by means of a partial number of the individual cells (5), the invention provides a further electrical voltage for the second subnetwork (1.2) by means of the total number of single cells (5), wherein the total number of single cells (5) is divided into fixed groups (G1 to G4) of a plurality of individual cells (5), whose number corresponds to the partial number of the individual cells (5), and one of the fixed groups (G1 to G4) for supply of the second subnetwork (1.2) is switched selectable. The invention further relates to an electrical battery (2) and a battery control unit.


In recent decades environmental pollution and energy crisis have become a challenging task for the scientists and engineers who lead them to innovate new technology and solve this problem by reducing environmental pollution and by exploiting the new source of energy. In this regard wave energy is appeared to be a suitable outcome in order to resolve the current issues. This paper studies and summarizes that the linear generators are considered a device which is used to convert wave energy into electrical energy efficiently. It is the first time to calculate the electromagnetic force by considering the linear generator and at the same time simulated by Ansoft Maxwell software; by providing calculated value and simulated value, it is also verified that the calculated result is accurate with a small probability error as compared to software calculated value.


The stable operation of a free-piston Stirling engine will be achieved when both engine configurations and operating conditions are optimum. This paper presents stability and performance investigation of free-piston Stirling engine. Isothermal analysis is considered in the simulation. Dynamic motion of engine pistons such as the displacer and the power piston are both obtained. For engine design, the optimum parameters are given such as engine specifications, engine characteristics and working conditions to yield the maximum efficiency and reliability. The prototype was built and tested. The comparison of both experimental and simulation results are provided and discussed. © 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of the Research Center in Energy and Environment, Thaksin University. Keyword: Dynamic; Free-piston Stirling engine; Isothermal; Optimum; Stirling engine.


The electoral dominance of "quality" candidates—political insiders with a history of holding office—is well-established. However, research on the recent rise in successful political neophytes is less studied. Despite longstanding trends in the predominance of experienced candidates in primary elections, nearly half of all quality candidates who ran in non-incumbent races lost to a candidate without prior electoral experience in 2018. In this article, we investigate the success of political newcomers by examining a topic often overlooked in the growing literature on primaries: campaign finance. We show that, from 2016-2020, political newcomers saw (1) greater success in future fundraising, and (2) an increased likelihood of primary election victory when they garnered more early contributions from outside their district. This contrasts prior elections where early money from inside a candidate's own congressional district served as the strongest predictor for future fundraising and electoral success. The electoral dominance of "quality" candidates—political insiders who have previously held elective office—is well-established. Experienced candidates are judicious in their emergence decisions, have greater name recognition, and possess established networks of supporters. With this arsenal of advantages, quality candidates have been known to beat out their politically inexperienced competition in federal elections with remarkable consistency. However, scholars and pundits alike have noted that, in recent elections, political neophytes have reached new levels of electoral success. Porter and Treul (2018) find that candidates with prior experience in elected office are no longer besting those without experience in the systematic way they once did. From 1980 to 2014, U.S. House candidates with political experience who ran in primaries without an incumbent beat out amateurs close to 80 percent of the time. Since 2016, though, quality candidates have lost to amateurs in nearly half of these non-incumbent primaries. Indeed, the U.S. House of Representatives is composed of more amateur lawmakers today than any other session in the last thirty years. In this paper, we use data on early campaign fundraising to better understand who or what might be fueling political amateurs' newfound success. Raising early or "seed" money is vital for candidates who lack elected experience because it helps them to demonstrate campaign credibility. Early campaign receipts are also predictive of future fundraising potential and, according to some research, electoral success (e.g. Biersack et al. 1993). The majority of U.S. House candidates begin fundraising in the year prior to their election—long before their ground campaign has even begun. It is, therefore, unlikely that these early receipts come from run-of-the-mill supporters. These contributors more likely stem from the kinds of political influencers who are active in the "invisible primary" process (Cohen et al., 2008; Rauch and Raja, 2017). We argue that the composition of a candidate's early donor network offers important insight into a candidate's base of support and a glimpse into who may have recruited a candidate to run for office. Employing data on those individual donors, party elites, and political organizations who made donations during the first two months of Between 2010 and 2020, 72% of all candidates who reported contributions to the FEC began their fundraising campaign in the year prior to the election; this percentage dips to 60% when examining only amateur candidates and increases to 66% when examining amateurs who ran in 2016-2020.


The article examines the position of church and monastery structures as a result of the church reform of Catherine II. F meaningful statistical analysis is carried out using the regulatory framework and archival materials. The conclusion is made about the influence of the process of secularization on the church and monastery system.


We researched the processing of glazed'brown'-mushroom and the technical parame- ter such as heat-treatment,hardening acidification and syrup curing in this paper.


This paper attempts to investigate the decline of Chinese guilds in the early 1950s and to show how political change altered economic life in China. Although the socialist transformation of private ownership started in 1954, the new government used state power to gradually weaken private ownership far before that time, building a foundation for the full-scale socialist transformation later. The reorganization of the Teahouse Guild in Chengdu reflected the general policies of the Communist Party that changed traditional social and economic organizations. The new guild almost became a representative of the government in the teahouse profession, which no longer maintained the nature of the traditional guilds. Actually, the guilds existed in name only after the reorganization of the early 1950s, and the teahouse guild disappeared after 1953. The death of the guild was a result of decline among social organizations and the growing strength of state power


The objectives of this study were to investigate the current status of mercury distribution, speciation and bioavailability in the floodplain soils of Lower East Fork Poplar Creek (LEFPC) after decades of US Department of Energy's remediation. Historically as part of its national security mission, the U.S. Department of Energy's Y-12 National Security Facility in Oak Ridge, TN, USA acquired a significant fraction of the world's supply of elemental mercury. During the 1950s and 1960s, a large amount of elemental mercury escaped confinement and is still present in the watershed surrounding the Y-12 facility. A series of remediation efforts have been deployed in the watersheds around the Oak Ridge site during the following years. The sampling fields were located in a floodplain of LEFPC of Oak Ridge, TN, USA. A series of surface soils (10–20 cm) were sampled from both wooded areas and wetland/grass land. Two 8×8 m fields were selected in the woodland. Five profiles each consisting of three layers were randomly taken from each field. The three layers were the surface layer at 0–10cm, subsurface layer at 50–60 cm, and bottom layer at 100–110 cm. Soil in both wood and wetland areas was well developed with a clear B horizon. The present study clearly shows that the total mercury in floodplain soils of LEFPC significantly decreased after the series of remediation. This study confirmed the long-term effectiveness of these remediation actions, especially after excavation of highly contaminated floodplain soils. However, the average total mercury level of all soil samples collected are in the range of 50–80 mg/kg, still significantly above toxic level (> 5mg/kg). Furthermore, contrary to conventional believing, the major mercury form in current soils of this particular area of floodplain of LEFPC is mainly in non-cinnabar mercury bound in clay minerals (after decades of remediation). The floodplains can act both as a medium-term sink and as long-term sources. Native North American earthworms (Diplocardia spp.) and adjacent soils were taken from each spot in each field. Our results show strong linear relationships between mercury concentrations in earthworms (both mature and immature groups) and non-cinnabar mercury form, while cinnabar mercury is less bioavailable to native earthworms. Earthworms may be used as a potential mercury ecological bio-indicator (bio-marker) for demonstrating mercury bioavailability and ecotoxicity in the ecosystem. The long-term stability, mobility and bioavailability of mercury contaminants in these floodplains still needs to be monitored continuously and closely.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


To make D-STATCOM adapt to the distribution network with fluctuant distribution generators (DG), this paper studies the relationship between reactive power, DG and target voltage of D-STATCOM by establishing the model of the distribution network equipped with D-STATCOM, which also has fluctuation DG accessed. Then, based on the voltage adjustment coefficient, the reactive power-voltage hysteresis operation strategy of D-STATCOM is proposed and the switching condition between different operating modes is given. Finally, based on the random DG output data, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified. The results show that the D-STATCOM hysteresis strategy can effectively reduce the variability of reactive power and voltage when the distribution network operating status changes randomly, in improving the reactive power margin of DSTATCOM, but also reduce network loss.


Solid-state lighting (SSL) is a pivotal emerging technology that promises to fundamentally alter and improve lighting systems of the future. Successful development and commercialization of SSL technology will require coordinated efforts that leverage the strengths and capabilities of industry, research and academic organizations, national laboratories, and government. This paper discusses the U.S. Department of Energy's role as a catalyst in accelerating SSL technology advances. Through DOE's SSL R&D program, the collaborative efforts of our nation's best and brightest lighting experts are moving this promising technology from the laboratory to the marketplace.


This paper analyzes key Central and Eastern European (CEE) states' efforts to return to Europe by trying to become members of the EU. It takes a somewhat different slant by looking at one specific aspect of these preparations. Specifically, it highlights the ways CEE elites often emulate existing institutions from Western Europe or, as the title puts it, "order from the menu." The paper breaks down the concept of emulation, looking at reasons for elites to pursue emulation and their varied techniques for doing so. Those techniques vary with respect to the degree of voluntarism the CEE states enjoy in different policy areas and the also the degree of "faithfulness" they choose in pursuing emulation. It also argues that both the density of the acquis and the density of actors surviving from the communist period play important roles in determining the outcomes of emulation. While the paper's central purpose is to offer a richer set of heuristics than simply "imitation," it also contains case studies of policy domains where the EU has leaned heavily on CEE states (e.g. regional policy) and cases where the EU has had a much lighter touch (e.g. health policy). In both these areas, it uses data from the Czech Republic and Hungary, two enlargement front-runners. Note: The author thanks Matthew Jennejohn and Steve Page for their research assistance.


The viewing angle performance in IPS-LCDs has been greatly improved, by using two technologies. One is optical compensation technology using a biaxial film. The other is the newly developed IPS-Pro cell structure with its higher transmission efficiency. These technologies have been successfully introduced into the fabrication of 32-inch IPS-LCDs with a minimum contrast ratio of over three times that of the conventional and with a color saturation (area ratio to NTSC at CIE1931 xy chromaticity coordinates) of over 70 % at almost all viewing angles.


Presents generalizations and characteristics of working-class women and how these often deviate from the assumptions of caregivers, many of whom are guided by middle-class values. Notes the implications for pastoral care and counseling. Suggests that the Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler is particularly suited as a theoretical and practical guide for caregivers.


[Mo(CO)3(NCMe)2(SnBuCl2)Cl], 1, reacted with phosphanes (Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2, dppe; Ph2PCH2PPh2, dppm; Ph2PNHPPh2, dppa) to afford complexes [Mo(CO)2(NCMe)(P-P)(SnBuCl2)Cl] (L=dppe 2, dppm 3, dppa 4). When these complexes reacted with [NH4] [S4P(OEt)2], the nitrile and the chloride ligands were replaced by the S2P(OEt)2 anionic ligand, yielding [Mo(CO)2(S2P(OEt)2)(P-P) (SnBuCl2)] (L=dppe 5, dppm 6, dppa 7). Complexes 5, 6, and 7 could also be obtained from a 'one pot' reaction starting from Mo(CO)6, SnBuCl3, [NH4][S2P(OEt)2] and the appropriate phosphane. Similar reactions took place when SnPhCl2 was used instead of SnBuCl2 in the starting material, leading to the three complexes [Mo(CO)2(S2P(OEt)2)(P-P)(SnPhCl2)] (L=dppe 8, dppm 9, dppa 10. The structure of complexes 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10 were determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction. In these complexes, Mo(II) is heptacoordinate, with a MoSn bond. The tin atom has a tetrahedral environment in all the complexes, except i n [ M o ( C O ) 2 ( N C M e ) (dppe ) (SnBuCl 2)C l ] (2 , figure), where the Cl ligand bridges Mo and Sn. DFT (Density Functional Theory) calculations were performed in order to discuss the nature of the Mo-Sn bond.


ABSTRACT

Wahidah, Farihah Ismah. Student Registered Number. 3213113071. 2015. Teachers' Strategies in Teaching English at Muslim Wittaya Phuket School. Sarjana Thesis. English Education Department. Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training. State Islamic Institute (IAIN) of Tulungagung, Advisor: Dr. Erna Iftanti, S.S., M.Pd.

Keywords: Teaching Strategy, Muslim Wittaya Phuket School

The teaching and learning strategy is a very important component in teaching. Teaching strategies are procedures used by the teacher which serve as a way of reaching a goal. The researcher got chance to conduct research in Phuket, Thailand. Furthermore, the only one Islamic based school in Phuket is Muslim Wittaya Phuket School. So, the writer would like to know about strategies used by teachers because as English teachers, they need to know the appropriate strategies implemented in their teaching practice. So they can produce qualified students with good English ability.
This research was designed to focus on teaching strategy. Then, the researcher formulated the research question as follows: What strategies are used by the English teachers in teaching English at Muslim Wittaya Phuket School? Furthermore, the objective of this research was to describe teaching strategies used by English teachers in teaching English at Muslim Wittaya Phuket School.
This research design of this research used descriptive design with Qualitative approach. Data source of this research is the Thai English teachers who teach junior and senior high school at Muslim Wittaya Phuket School. The techniques of data collection of this research are observation and interview.
As the result, the researcher found four kinds of teaching strategies generally used by English teachers at Muslim Wittaya Phuket, those were direct teaching, mastery learning, cooperative learning and also problem based learning. It is exactly same type which is recognized on Kindsvatter (1996) and Sadker (2005). So, this finding can answer the research question and strengthen the existed theory. So, the results of this research can confirm the theories from experts. Based on that conclusion, the researcher suggests to (1) The teacher must use suitable strategies in teaching them to help her students to support their student' learning in order to become successful language learners. The teacher can also combine the teaching strategies for better outcome and (2) For other researchers who want to conduct a research about teaching strategy, they can focus to conduct research on the selected skill about his teaching strategy.


Although the potential of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETS) to improve road safety and traffic efficiency for next-generation vehicular traffic system has been well investigated and proved, the performance of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, especially at urban intersections has not been clearly quantified. In this paper, we evaluate the effects of buildings on the vehicle-to-vehicle performance at urban intersections based on a profound simulation campaign. Due to the two-dimensional nature of intersection topologies, we investigate the performance of V2V communication by analyzing packet delivery ratios and packet drop rates with respect to sender and receiver's position under varying node density and intersection layout. While stationary and mobile obstacles considerably attenuate the received signal power, the results reveal that the presence of buildings could in some situations improve the performance of V2V communication by reducing co-channel interference from hidden nodes.


This report describes the identification of important estrogenic compounds in surface and sediment pore‐water samples collected from the Tyne and Tees estuaries (United Kingdom) through the application of toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) procedures. The Tyne and Tees estuaries represent estuaries that have been historically impacted by industrial activities and continue to receive treated domestic sewage and industrial effluent. In 1998, Dabholm Gut on the Tees received a mixture of treated and untreated effluent, while Howdon sewage treatment works (STW) discharged primary treated effluents. An estrogenically active water sample collected from Howdon STW on the Tyne was shown to contain 17β‐estradiol, androsterone, and an unknown estrogenic compound(s). Most of the activity contained in a sample collected from the Dabholm Gut combined discharges on the Tees was also due to 17β‐estradiol with additional activity from nonylphenol and (tentatively) bis(2‐ethylhexyl)phthalate. The only sediment pore‐water sample to demonstrate estrogenic activity was collected from Dabholm Gut.


Ensuring security through the use of video surveillance cameras at public places is becoming attractive these days, thanks to the efficient compression, transmission and storage schemes. To up-scale the surveillance mechanism to large sensor networks, it is imperative that the applications become compatible to wireless sensor networks using Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructure. IoT nodes are generally energy and bandwidth-limited owing to their small size and large scale deployment. Therefore, any image/video acquisition application using IoT infrastructure should function within these constraints. Compressed sensing (CS) is one such paradigm that uses simultaneous sensing and compression and provides a technique for efficient image/video acquisition. This paper investigates the use of compressed sensing for image acquisition in IoT based applications that suffer from energy, bandwidth and storage limitations.


:- This study was conducted to test the impact of transformational leadership on employees' job satisfaction and loyalty at Gach Men Nha Y Co., Ltd. The thesis uses qualitative research method (group discussion) and quantitative research method (analysis of SEM linear structure model). Research results show that there are 03 positive impact factors on job satisfaction. Idealized Influence Behavior is the strongest impact factor (β = 0.331). Individualized Consideration affects job satisfaction in second place (β = 0.22). Idealized Influence Attribution affects job satisfaction with β = 0.197. And finally, job satisfaction (with β = 0.088) affects employee loyalty to the organization.