The sharing of English teaching resources has always been a concern. In order to further improve the value of different English teaching resources, this paper proposes a resource management system based on an improved collaborative recommendation algorithm. The proposed model can predict user behavior based on deep learning models of graph neural network (GNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN). The graph neural network can capture the hidden state of local user behavior and be used as a preprocessing step. Recurrent neural networks can capture time series information. Therefore, the model is constructed by combining GNN and RNN to obtain the advantages of both. In order to prove the effectiveness of the model, we used CNGrid's real user behavior dataset in the experiment and finally compared the results with other methods. The different deep learning-based models achieved a precision of up to 88% and outperformed other traditional models. The experimental results show that this new deep learning model has good sharing value.


The present invention relates to damper, and is especially one kind of damper without angular displacement. The damper includes mainly upper platform, lower platform, damping body, the first damping element, the second damping element, the third damping element, the fourth damping element, the first link rod mechanism, the second link rod mechanism, and the third link rod mechanism. The damper without angular displacement has the technological scheme with the upper platform and the lower platform connected directly to the damping body and connected to the link rod mechanism, the link rod mechanisms is used in analyzing the angular displacement caused by external vibration and converting the angular displacement into linear displacement to reach the no-angular displacement damping and eliminate and reduce the effect of angular displacement effectively.


The authors review the main findings of primary adrenal lymphoma on abdominal and brain computed tomography (CT) scans and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and report a rare case of a 72-year-old male patient with deterioration in mental status progressing from recent memory loss to disorientation and ultimately dementia in a period of two months. The patient was investigated using imaging methods including brain (without intravenous administration of iodinated contrast media), chest and abdomen (pre and post intravenous administration of iodinated contrast media) CT scans and brain MRI (pre and post intravenous administration of gadolinium). Brain CT scan showed slightly hyperdense nodules adjacent to the lateral ventricles. No gross abnormalities were seen on the chest CT scan. CT of the abdomen showed solid nodules on both adrenals. Brain MRI showed diffuse nodular enhancement of the ependyma of the fourth ventricle, third ventricle, frontal and temporal horns, atria and body of the lateral ventricles. Definitive diagnosis was made by immunohistochemical study of the biopsed adrenal. After a comprehensive review of the literature the authors concluded that CT and MRI are essential methods for the detection and accurate evaluation of primary adrenal lymphomas, particularly when there is involvement of the central nervous system. MRI is more sensitive in the detection of extracerebral lesions in the epidural and subdural spaces, especially after intravenous administration of gadolinium.


Background: Recreational athletes can select their desired footwear based on personal preferences of shoe properties such as comfort and weight. Commonly worn running shoes and cleated footwear with similar stud geometry and distribution are worn when performing sport-specific tasks such as a side-step cutting maneuver (SCM) in soccer and American football (hereafter, referred to as football). The effects of such footwear on injury mechanics have been documented with less being known regarding their effect on performance. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine performance differences including peak ground reaction forces (pGRF), time-to-peak ground reaction forces (tpGRF) and the rate of force development (RFD) between football cleats (FB), soccer cleats (SOC), and traditional running sneakers (RUN) during the braking and propulsive phases of a SCM. Methodology: Eleven recreationally active males who participated in football and/or soccer-related activities at the time of testing completed the study. A 1 x 3 [1 Condition (SCM) x 3 Footwear (RUN, FB, SOC)] repeated measures ANOVA was utilized to analyze the aforementioned variables. Results: There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) between footwear conditions when comparing pGRF, tpGRF, or RFD in either the braking or propulsive phases. Conclusion: The results suggest that the studded and non-studded footwear allowed athletes to generate similar forces over a given time frame when performing a SCM.


There are stringent false alarm probability demands on laser radar systems systems, although their operation is often accompanied by a complex target environment, when the signal-to-noise ratio is low. New signal processing technique for laser radar systems is suggested. The technique provides detection of a backscattered signal from a target during an interval between a receiver noise bursts A pulse shoot is matched with a trailing edge of a noise burst, and the signal presence decision is made according to leading edge of the next burst. There is a contradiction between the impulse frequency and false alarm probability demands, that is why double-threshold processing is offered. The lower level induces outpulsing while the higher one determines target detection performance. Since duration of such sophisticated time intervals is random, statistic analysis was made via numerical model. The technique is aimed at providing low false alarm probability and energy efficiency of the system at the same time.


This paper presents the evaluation results on the lead-free eutectic Sn-Ag solder for use in automotive electronics packaging applications. The major areas of study are the metallurgical interactions between the solder, the conductor, and the component termination, and their impact on reliability. Studies have been conducted with the eutectic Sn/Pb solder as a control group for comparison.<<ETX>>


The enzyme with β-galactosidase activity from E. coli BL21 (DE3) transformant containing the gene encoding enzyme from Pyrococcus woesei (DSM 3773) was isolated using cell extraction in 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 7. 2), protein thermoprecipitation at 85C, precipitation at acetone/extract ratio of 1:1 (v/v) and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The increase in the enzyme specific activity was determined using ONPG as substrate. The activity increased from 2.9 x 10 3 U/mg protein to 37 x 10 3 U/mg. Thermoprecipitation removed 78% of E. coli protein and retained 92 % of the cell extract activity. The acetone precipitation and gel filtration applied in the next purification steps led to homogeneous enzyme with specific activity of 37, 700 U/mg protein. The isolated enzyme had a half-life of 23 h and 9 h during incubation at 85C and 100C, respectively, in 0.1 M citrate-phosphate buffer (pH 5.4). Une methode de clonage du gene encodant l'enzyme β-galactosidase thermostable de Pyrococcus woesei chez E. coli a ete developpee precedemment. Cette etude caracterise l'enzyme produite par E. coli afin d'evaluer son utilisation possible pour l'hydrolyse du lactose dans les produits laitiers. L'enzyme isolee a une demi-vie de 23h en incubation a 85°C et de 9h a 100°C dans un tampon citrate-phosphate 0,1M (pH 5,4). La methode d'extraction simple et peu onereuse, proposee dans cette etude, pourrait etre utilisee a l'echelle industrielle pour la production d'enzyme thermostable pour l'industrie laitiere.


A probabilistic theory for cell differentiation is proposed in which it is postulated that differential gene expression is provoked by random events. An analysis of determinist theories is made, and two predictions based on the probabilistic theory are compared to experimental fact. A probabilistic model of gene regulation is also given. This theory can account for several phenomena: dif - ferential gene expression, embryonic mortality, DNA C-value paradox; and it does not need t refer to a wide diversity of specific regulators. Reprint from: Speculations in Science and Technology , vol. 6. no. 5 (1983) p. 471-478 (249L) 471 Citation: Kupiec, JJ, 2020, "A Probabilistic Theory for Cell Differentiation, Embryonic Mortality and DNA C-value Paradox", Organisms: Journal of Biological Sciences, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 80-85. DOI: 10.13133/2532-5876/16964.


This technical note includes lengthy technical details referred to by our various DiffServ papers. 1 Preliminaries The DiffServ network under consideration run TCP RENO, uses a multi-PI AQM for marking at the core and token bucket for coloring at the edges (see later papers in this URL for fluid flow modelling details). The network relations at equilibrium are given by: 2(1− pi) pi = W 2 i pi = (1− fgi)pr + fgipg where Wi denotes the window size of a generic flow within the source aggregate, pi is the source's apparent marking probability, and pg and pr are the green and red packet marking probabilities at the differentiating core. The source aggregate rate is xi = α −1 i Wi where αi = τi ηi where τi denotes the sources round trip time and ηi is the number of flows comprising the source (i.e., load factor). In a token bucket setup, the fraction of packets colored green is computed from (A denotes bucket rate and r denotes aggregate send rate) fgi = min { 1, Ai xi } ∈ [0, 1].


TO THE EDITOR: We read with great interest the article by Asplund et al ("3 Regimens for alcohol withdrawal and detoxification," J Fam Pract 2004; 53:545–554) about regimens in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS). The authors underline that inpatient treatment is significantly more costly than outpatient treatment, and they also correctly suggest that in an outpatient setting, most patients experience greater social support and the freedom to continue working or maintain their daily lives. Regarding pharmacotherapy, the authors correctly state that benzodiazepines are the treatment of choice for AWS; they also suggest the anticonvulsants carbamazepine and valproic acid as alternatives. Moreover, they cite other types of medications such as alpha-adrenergic agonists, betablockers, and calcium channel blockers. However, among the new drugs potentially useful in AWS treatment, the authors do not mention baclofen. Our group recently showed that baclofen, a GABA(B) receptor agonist, is able to suppress alcohol withdrawal symptoms, both in animals and in humans. It is also effective in reducing voluntary alcohol intake in alcohol-preferring rats, and alcohol craving and intake in alcoholics. Baclofen-treated alcoholic patients showed no serious side effects, and no patients reported craving for the drug or needed an increase in the dose. These data have been recently replicated by Flannery and collegues. Moreover, regarding AWS treatment in an outpatient setting, we have shown that baclofen is able to rapidly suppress AWS symptoms—after the first administration—and so baclofen-treated patients reported a rapid improvement in well-being and resolution of psychological distress. Consequently, patients were able to return home in a short time; moreover, because all patients underwent therapy with baclofen in an outpatient setting, the cost of treatment was very low. We think baclofen is a promising drug in the clinical treatment of alcoholism, particularly given the possibility of using it singly instead of many different drugs, and in maintaining long-term abstinence. Although future investigations are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of baclofen in the treatment of AWS, its use in treating alcoholdependency merits further investigation.


Vitruvius' legacy points to the importance of music in architecture for enhancing the acoustics of ancient theaters. In particular, he described in detail the sounding vessels, or ηχεια – "echea", the effectiveness of which has not been proven. The effect of "echeas" on the acoustic parameters of a small classical Greek theater is investigated using computer modeling methods. The theater models developed take into account Vitruvius' recommendations and published research and measurements of ancient theater acoustic parameters reconstructed in our time. The descriptions of Vitruvius and the musical theories of Aristoxenus and Pythagoras were considered when developing the "echeas" models. Using the standard algorithm of the EASE4.4 program, the parameters of a small theater were calculated and the C50, C80, STI acoustic parameters of the theater's sound field were found to benefit from the "echeas" or sounding vessels.


The tubular plasma reactor was designed for the continuous surface modification of fine powders in non-equilibrium RF discharges. So far, little has been known about the plasma characteristics of this inductively coupled reactor system. Therefore, moderate pressure argon–oxygen discharges, commonly used for powder processing, are investigated with tailor-made probe techniques. The influence of plasma power, system pressure, gas composition and mean gas velocity on the axial profiles of plasma parameters was studied. Electron temperature and positive ion density profiles were measured with a Langmuir double probe and the energy influx due to the plasma was determined by a new type of calorimetric probe. The limits for the E–H-mode transition are provided and photographs of the discharge are presented to illustrate the relationship between process parameters and plasma characteristics. Both, ion density and energy influx increased with rising plasma power. The axial energy influx profiles were in addition strongly influenced by the mean gas velocity. Based on these profiles the maximum transient particle temperature was calculated as a function of the particle diameter. Particle temperatures in the order of 100 °C were estimated, whereas the thermal load of the substrates rises with increasing plasma power, residence time and pressure.


Network element 240 for supporting broadcast communications over a communication system 200 is operable to dynamically allocate at least one communication cell to communication cell in the cluster based on the geographic location identifier of at least one communication cell It includes assignment logic to.


As a growing number of diplomatic practices take new digital forms, research on digital diplomacy is rapidly expanding. Many of the changes linked to digitalization transform or challenge traditional ways of doing diplomacy. Analyses of new forms of "digital diplomacy" are therefore valuable for the advancement of practice approaches in international relations theory. That said, digital diplomacy poses a number of challenges for international relations scholarship that are only beginning to be addressed. Digitalization is both a process and a result, and provokes key questions regarding continuity, change, agency, space, and materiality in diplomacy. The overarching aim of this article is to advance a research agenda that seeks to address key questions in the study of digital diplomacy on the basis of various practice approaches. In particular, the article highlights three dimensions of change as being central to the research agenda and investigates how these can be explored in future analyses of digital diplomacy.


Cobalt terpyridine oligomers are compared with π‐conjugated and ruthenium‐centered layers in molecular junctions (MJs) with identical contacts. A wide range of layer thickness is investigated, and attenuation plots are obtained. Strong dependence of charge transport on molecular layers is found with a variation of four orders of magnitude of current density (  J) for different molecules and d = 7 nm. For a Ru(bpy)3 complex and bis‐thienylbenzene MJs, the attenuation plot shows two different regions corresponding to two different dominant transport mechanisms. On the contrary Co(tpy)2 and viologen‐based MJs show no transition thickness in the attenuation plot, indicating a possible change of mechanism with film thickness, and very low attenuation factors (β of 0.17 and 0.25 nm−1 from 2 to 14 nm, respectively). These β values indicate highly efficient long‐range transport. This is attributed to the fact that the energy levels of the frontier orbital involved in transport are between, and thus almost in resonance with, the Fermi levels of the electrodes. Temperature‐dependence measurements suggest that field ionization followed by multistep hopping and redox events can occur above 100 K, while the activationless region at low T indicates incoherent tunneling between redox sites with reorganization concerted with charge transfer.


FIELD: wood-working industry. SUBSTANCE: cover plate (1) and two sheets of facing material are sequentially laid on the support plate (2) of the shield with adhesive layers preliminary applied. The thickness and shape of the cover plate determine the shape of the embossing. The cover plate is covered with a sheet (3) of facing material forming a colour of the cover plate. Another sheet (4) of facing material with a cutout corresponding to the form of the cover plate is stacked on the top. The cutout of the second sheet of facing material is adjusted with the location of the cover plate. The pressure on the glued surfaces is created by the impact of the elastic membrane (5) of the press. EFFECT: technological process is simplified; labor intensity of manufacturing the products is reduced, the range of output products is expanded. 1 dwg


Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures ◭ ◮ ◭ ◮ Back Close Full Screen / Esc Abstract Introduction Conclusions References Tables Figures ◭ ◮ ◭ ◮ Back Close Full Screen / Esc Abstract Pleistocene benthic δ 18 O records exhibit strong spectral power at ∼41 kyr, indicating that global ice volume has been modulated by Earth's axial tilt. This feature, and weak spectral power in the precessional band, has been attributed to the influence of obliq-uity on mean-annual and seasonal insolation gradients at high latitudes. In this study, 5 we use a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model to quantify changes in continental snowfall associated with mean-annual and seasonal insolation forcing due to a change in obliquity. Our model results indicate that insolation changes associated with a decrease in obliquity amplify continental snowfall in two ways: (1) An increase in high-latitude winter insolation is enhanced through a low-cloud feedback, resulting in 10 colder air temperatures and increased snow precipitation. (2) An increase in the summer insolation gradient enhances summer eddy activity, increasing vapor transport to high-latitude regions. In our experiments, a decrease in obliquity leads to an annual snowfall increase of 25.0 cm; just over one-half of this response (14.1 cm) is attributed to seasonal changes in insolation. Our results indicate that the role of insolation gradi-15 ents is important in amplifying the relatively weak insolation forcing due to a change in obliquity. Nonetheless, the total snowfall response to obliquity is similar to that due to a shift in Earth's precession, suggesting that obliquity forcing alone can not account for the spectral characteristics of the ice-volume record.


Upon its completion in 1892 "The Yellow Wallpaper" did not gain neither
the critics' nor the readers' favor and it took almost a hundred years before the text
drew the attention of the academic circles. The present paper attempts to approach
the story focusing on the relation between the protagonist and her husband using as
a frame of reference the concept of desire (in its lacanian understanding as a
powerful internal motivation) and its interplay with that of silence, both closely
related to the positions of authority within a couple. The paper will argue a
complementary motivation pattern of the two main characters and try to exemplify
the reasons behind its reversal in the course of the story. Secondly, the paper will
make reference to the writings of Jacques Derrida and discuss the (im-)possibility
of an ultimate silence, one that is not, at some point, voiced. Finally, the paper will
comment upon the figure of Jennie and propose a closer reading of a character that,
although secondary, can also be understood in terms of desires and silences.


For high-speed trains, the aerodynamic noise becomes an essential consideration in the train design. The pantograph and pantograph recess are recognised as important sources of aerodynamic noise. This paper studies the flow characteristics and noise contributions of three typical high-speed train roof configurations, namely a cavity, a ramped cavity and a flat roof with side insulation plates. The Improved Delayed Detached-Eddy Simulation approach is used for the flow calculations and the Ffowcs Williams & Hawkings aeroacoustic analogy is used for far-field acoustic predictions. Simulations are presented for a simplified train body at 1/10 scale and 300 km/h with these three roof configurations. In each case, two simplified pantographs (one retracted and one raised) are located on the roof. Analysis of the flow fields obtained from numerical simulations clearly shows the influence of the train roof configuration on the flow behaviour, including flow separations, reattachment and vortex shedding, which are potential noise sources. A highly unsteady flow occurs downstream when the train roof has a cavity or ramped cavity due to flow separation at the cavity trailing edge, while vortical flow is generated by the side insulation plates. For the ramped cavity configuration, moderately large pressure fluctuations appear on the cavity outside walls in the upstream region due to unsteady flow from the upstream edge of the plate. The raised pantograph, roof cavity, and ramped cavity are identified as the dominant noise sources. When the retracted pantograph is located in the ramped roof cavity, its noise contribution is less important. Furthermore, the insulation plates also generate tonal components in the noise spectra. Of the three configurations considered, the roof cavity configuration radiates the least noise at the side receiver in terms of A-weighted level.


One-dimensional nanostructure γ-AlOOH was fabricated via hydrothermal synthesis.And the effects of the processing parameters on structure of γ-AlOOH were investigated.The results show that γ-AlOOH nanorod can be achieved on the condition that AlCl3 density is lower than 0.2mol/L,pH value of reacting solution is lower than 7,and reacting temperature is set between 160℃ and 180℃;when pH value is higher than 7,γ-AlOOH is in the shape of nanoflake.Nanofiber with high slenderness ratio can be achieved on the condition that AlCl3 density is higher than 0.2mol/L,pH value is controlled between 5 and 6,and reacting temperature is set around 200℃ with adding surfactant SDBS.


Transferring environmental remediation liability, often through purchase of an insurance policy, is becoming increasingly common and can play a significant role in property transactions and remediation contracts. Liability valuation can be based on actuarial principles where sufficient data exists, on site-specific analysis, or even on "rules of thumb." This article discusses some methods for estimating liability transfer values using site-specific analysis and evaluates sensitivity to assumptions about the liability probability distribution shape and correlation among sites in a site portfolio. These liability valuation methods can also be used for other purposes such as providing quantitative input for cost allocation among multiple parties or financial reporting.


The results obtained at the BGO-OD experiment with the BGO calorimeter, equipped with the new electronic readout based on sampling ADCs, during the tests performed with the beam time of March and June 2012 are presented. The proper functioning of the apparatus has allowed the reconstruction of the pseudo-scalar mesons π0 and η invariant masses. The simulation of the η' photoproduction reaction prepared for a proposal to the joint ELSA-MAMI Physics Advisory Committee is also presented.


BackgroundHow companies choose to work with for instance sustainability and equality, something that today is known as corporate social responsibility (CSR), is a matter that over the years has bec ...


Burn wound is a condition when the continuity tissue are damaged by the trauma of  chemicals, electricity, or radiation. The process of wound healing can be accelerated by using traditional medicines, one of them is a plant called Binahong. This aim of this study was to determine the effect of binahong leaf exctract ointment (BLEO) to collagen density on burn wound of rat. 24 rats were randomly divided into six groups P0 (control -), P1 (burn wound with no treatment), P2 (control + burn wound with Silver Sulfadiazine), P3 (burn wound with BLEO 2,5%), P4 (burn wound with BLEO 5%), and P5 (burn wound with BLEO 10%). Treatment had been given directly on the burn area topically for fourteen days. The result of nonparametric test Kruskal-Wallis is 0.001 show that significantly different (p 0.05) but significantly different with group P1, P2, P3, and P5 (p 0.05). The compounds of BLEO is flavonoid, saponin, tannin and ascorbic acid. Flavonoid have the ability as an antioxidant that can reduce free radicals. Saponin can stimulated the migration of keratinocytes which are important for re-epithalialization process and can stimulate fibroblast for collagen synthesis to the wound area. Tannin serves as an astringent which can cause skin pores shrinkage, and to stop the exudates to cover the wound area. Ascorbic acid was important for activate prolil hydroxylase enzyme that support hydroxylation step for collagen formation. Research shows that increasing mean of collagen density is on BLEO treatment at group P4 which indicates that is the optimum dose. Giving BLEO 5% increase collagen density into score 3.


Objective To explore the clinical curative effect of different skin flap for repairing the burnt scars of hands and forearm skin. Methods 60 cases with burnt scars of hands and forearm skin in our hospital from June 2011 to April 2013 were chosen as the research objects,who were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group.Of which 30 cases in the control group were treated with femoral anterolateral flap for repairing the burnt scars,while 30 cases in observation group were treated with groin flap for repairing the burnt scars,and then the survival rate of skin flap,flap broken time, and infection complications under the skin flap of patients in the two groups were observed,compared and analyzed. Results The analysis showed that the survival rate of skin flap of patients in the observation group after treatment was significantly higher than that in the control group, the flap broken time was significantly shorter, the incidence of infection under the skin flap was significantly lower, there were statistically significant differences between the two groups(P 0.05). Conclusion Compared with the femoral anterolateral flap for repairing the burnt scars of hands and forearm skin,the groin flap for repairing the burnt scars has better clinical efficacy,higher survival rate, shorter flap broken time,fewer complications,safe and simple operation,and it is worthy to be promotion in clinical.


Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in retinal vascular plexuses and choriocapillaris in type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients without clinical diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to compare them with healthy controls and to identify early preclinical biomarkers for DR using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Patients and methods This is a prospective cross-sectional study that included 68 eyes (34 eyes of type-2 diabetic patients without DR and 34 eyes of healthy controls). Using OCTA, the vessel density (VD) in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses, macular thickness, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, and choriocapillaris flow area were measured. The OCTA morphological findings in diabetic patients were noted. In addition, the correlations between OCTA and glycosylated hemoglobin and diabetes duration were evaluated. Results There was a statistically significant decrease in the parafoveal macular thickness in the diabetic group compared with the control group (the superior–hemi parafoveal thickness was 310.94±10.84 vs. 321.71±11.2 μm, respectively, P=0.001, while the inferior–hemi parafoveal thickness was 304.71±11.04 vs. 320.82±11.25 μm, respectively, P=0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the parafoveal and perifoveal superficial capillary plexus and DCP VD in the diabetic patients compared with the controls. In addition, there was no change in the FAZ area between the two groups, but there was a significant difference regarding the FAZ irregularity (P=0.00). Microaneurysms (100%), capillary nonperfusion (94%), capillary loop (17.6%), enlarged perifoveal intercapillary spaces (17.6%), punched-out FAZ (12%), lost spider web (6%), and capillary blind end (6%) were detected in the diabetic patients. A negative significant correlation was found between the parafoveal thickness and glycosylated hemoglobin in the DM group in the inferior–hemi thickness (r=−0.61, P=0.01), and between DM duration and VD in the DCP in the parafoveal and perifoveal areas (r=−0.55, P=0.06 and r=0.62, P=0.018, respectively). Conclusion OCTA can be used to diagnose preclinical maculopathy/retinopathy in diabetic patients using the parafoveal retinal thickness, DCP VD, FAZ irregularities, quantification of microaneurysms, and choriocapillaris flow area as biomarkers.


The invention discloses a method and a system for delivering messages. Prioritization of audio messages destined for a recipient received from senders. Each of voice messages includes a corresponding sender designated priority. Member configuration data that identifies a first recipient prioritization attribute is accessed. A prioritised list of the plurality of audio messages is generated based on both the corresponding first sender designated priority and the first recipient prioritization attribute associated with the each of the plurality of audio messages. A subset of the plurality of audio messages is provided to a client device associated with the recipient based on the importance list.


Low-density inclusions and voids in ceramics present a detection problem to X-ray imaging because of the relatively low contrast in the resulting image. An X-ray imaging technique called xeroradiography has been in use for medical applications for detecting calcifications (low-density inclusions) in breast tissue. The method has a /open quotes/built-in/close quotes/ edge enhancement. We have applied this technique to green and densified Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ specimens and have shown initial improvements over other X-ray methods in detection of seeded defects. 7 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.


able to use PBS-based calibrators which simplifies the process. The combined oxalate and citrate assay has now been in use for over a year (as of December 2017) with acceptable EQA performance and reproducibility for both oxalate and citrate. In addition to this, we routinely monitor retention times and peak height to look for any unexpected changes which may affect assay performance; we have found our assay to be very robust over this time and we continue to use it for routine stone screens. In conclusion, we would encourage the use of our complete published method on an entry level instrument which should produce more favourable results. As we have stressed in the manuscript, we believe that sample specific issues exist with the enzymatic method for oxalate measurement and would actively encourage development of more LC-MS/MS assays for both oxalate and citrate.


The present invention relates to a steering wheel (handle) of adjustable vacuum by operation of the handle lever having a handle. The present invention, the lever hinge (86 '), the handle pivot shaft lever 86. The handle 82 is provided with; Is installed connected to one side of the handle 82, the out pipe (84) and the handle pipe 84 is composed of an inner pipe (84 "), and; the flow of the handle lever 86 is provided on the handle 82 and the linked to, and has a configuration including the out pipe (84) with fixing groove (84 "a) the inner pipe (84 that is formed"), the pipe fastening means for controlling to selectively slide in the handle pipe 84. and the pipe securing means, is provided at a side of the out pipe (84 ') in the longitudinal direction, the transfer shaft 104, which passes the flow of the handle lever 86, and; that works with the transmission shaft (104) sliding member 120 and; has the configuration in which an elastic rib 114 that is selectively received in the "fixing groove (84 a) the sliding member is forced to flow the inner pipe 84" by 120 this, according to this arrangement, the length adjustment of the steering wheel is easy to use the vacuum cleaner It has become convenient advantages. Vacuum cleaner, handle, lever, adjustable


The quality of teaching depends on both subjective and objective aspects,namely,the teaching environment,facilities and teaching methods of the teachers.While many traditional courses have been cut down,merged or even cancelled,it has been a problem to give students essential knowledge which they should know well? A tentative study is made from course content,principles of teaching and teaching methods.


A technique is described for forming very long fine-bore capillaries in ceramic materials. These capillaries may be formed straight or curved. The technique appears to be of value in the fabrication of components for optical-fibre systems. Prototype components such as splices, connectors and couplers are described.


A sequencing batch biofilm reactor(SBBR) was applied to start up anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox) under anoxic condition in short period.Some characteristics of the anammox SBBR were investigated,including nitrogen removal efficiency,anammox activity,biofilm characteristic and variation of microbial community.Anammox phenomenon was observed after 60 days and the maximum total nitrogen loading rate reached to 0.67 kg-Nm-3?d-1 with the removal rate of 87.3% after 100-day start-up.The thickness and colour of biofilms obviously changed and the relative abundance of anammox bacteria reached to 40%,being the dominant species.This study demonstrates that a SBBR is an efficient bioreactor for starting up anammox process.


The general number field sieve (GNFS) is the asymptotically fastest algorithm for factoring large integers. Its runtime depends on a good choice of a polynomial pair. In this article we present an improvement of the polynomial selection method of Montgomery and Murphy which has been used in recent GNFS records.


The review of the scientific literature was the purpose of the article on the importance of interventions that can be made within in the environment of the school. School interventions were programs that were aimed at reducing the impact of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. These factors were the hypertension, the elevated levels of LDL-C and triglycerides, the low HDL-C levels, the obesity and the physical inactivity. It is known that these factors begin affect at the teens age, but the results are visible in adulthood. Several interventions have thrived and have been used by researchers in schools. The results were related to the duration of the intervention program, the age, the sex of the participants, as well as the content of the same intervention program. Many research results showed an improvement in the expected results, while in others there were no significant differences. Additional studies are needed to improve intervention programs in schools, which are aimed at reducing risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.


Part 1 Adoption: the meanings of triumphalism constructing the image targeting women urban experiences rural stagnation. Part 2 Resistance: downs, lakes and forests exploiting the Highlands the Battersea controversy Arcadia under threat nuclear aftermath.


Outdoor polymeric insulators are widely used in power system because of their superior hydrophobic.Due to the environmental influence,the chemical changes may take place and cause the loss of hydrophobic,which will endanger the long-term performance of outdoor insulators in service.So,it is important to take accurate evaluation of the insulator hydrophobic.A dynamic drop test(DDT) was carried out to evaluate the hydrophobic properties for different ageing levels of silicone rubber insulator.For the current signal envelope of the pulse number,mean,standard deviation,kurtosis,and skewness of five factors,leakage currents were analyzed to identify the composite insulator surface hydrophobic and the leakage current relationship.The results showed that leakage current characteristics of composite insulators is very sensitive to changes in hydrophobicity.


In this study, we propose a human movement model both for myoelectric assistive robot control and biosignal-sensor-failure detection. We particularly consider an application to upper extremity exoskeleton robot control. When using electromyography (EMG)-based assistive robot control, EMG electrodes can be easily disconnected or detached from skin surfaces because the human body is always in contact with the robot. If multiple electrodes are used to estimate multiple joint movements, the probability of sensor electrode misplacement increases due to human error. To cope with the aforementioned issues, we propose a novel human movement estimation model that takes anomalies into account as uncertain observations. We estimated human joint torques by automatically modulating the contribution of each sensor channel for the movement estimation based on anomaly scores that were computed according to synergistic muscular coordination. We compared our proposed method with conventional approaches during drinking-movement estimation with five healthy subjects in the three aforementioned anomaly situations and showed the effectiveness of our proposed method. We applied it to a four-DOF upper limb assistive exoskeleton robot and showed proper control in sensor failure situations.


I claim that the integrated information theory of consciousness (IIT) is a complexity science approach to consciousness. In general, complexity science investigates phenomena comprised of numerous non-linearly interacting parts, where global-scale behaviour and structures are irreducible to activities and properties of its constituent parts at local scales. I draw attention to some key features of IIT (i.e. cause–effect power and information integration) and complexity science (i.e. the search for and application of principles and interaction dominance) in order to defend the claim that IIT is properly understood within the broader theoretical framework of complexity science. Doing so has the advantage of making IIT an even more compelling theory of consciousness, which has the added benefit of strengthening its ability to respond to some common criticisms.


Elhadj Selim, Mousa Shaker A., Forsten‐Williams Kimberly. Chronic pulsatile shear stress impacts synthesis of proteoglycans by endothelial cells: Effect on platelet aggregation and coagulation. J Cell Biochem 86 (2) 239‐250, 2002. An unnecessary correction was added to the last sentence of the last paragraph of the Discussion section of the above article. The correct paragraph is: We have found both structural and overall quantity/synthesis difference in proteoglycans isolated from cells cultured under low and high shear stress. These structural changes manifest in differences in activity with regard to inhibition of platelet aggregation and clot formation. We also found, however, a difference in synthesis rate of proteoglycans from cells cultured under the high and low shear stress. If we, therefore, looked at the level of activity on a per cell basis, the differences in effect on aggregation and clot formation disappear and the curves are essentially superimposable (data not shown). This suggests that either the effect of shear stress on the proteoglycan fine structure is being compensated for by a change in proteoglycan synthesis per cell or that the change in synthesis rate is being compensated for by a change in the fine structure of the material. Our data can not allow us to distinguish between the two, however, either way it suggests that the cells are capable of compensating for changes in response to shear stress so as to maintain a desired level of proteoglycan activity. We have only investigated this with regard to platelet activity and further studies would be needed to determine if this compensatory mechanism, potentially important for vascular homeostasis, is general with regard to the myriad of other proteoglycan activities. The publisher regrets this error.


smaller protuberances above the orbits are found in both males and females. On account of molar similarity, some listriodonts have previously been described erroneously as tapirs. The oldest representatives of the subfamily occur in strata of Early Miocene, the youngest in strata of early Late Miocene age, documentinga chronostratigraphical range from c. 20 to 9 Ma. Listriodonts from 350 localities in Eurasia and Africa were studied in order to clarify their systematics, study their palaeoecology, unravel phylogenetic relationships, establish a more refined biostratigraphical framework, and better understand migration and dispersal patterns. Problems related to the geographical distribution of species and phylogenetic lineages were focused on in an attempt to improve our knowledge of the evolution of the group, study the potential of lineages for long-distance correlations, and document the relationship between migration/dispersal events, eustatic sea level changes and alaeogeographical reorganisations resulting from plate tectonics. Listriodont evolution was marked by major changes in tooth morphology. A comprehensive nomenclature based on the CopeOsborn terminology is proposed to facilitate discussions and comparisons of dental structures in suids and other groups of Artiodactyla. Four new species are described, viz. Lopholistriodon pickfordi, Kubanochoerus marymunnguae, Kubanochoerus mancharensis


Tepseysky archaeological complex gives us some different information about people who lived in Minusinskaya Basin. Tashtyk culture is presented by the unique excavation materials (masks, ceramics, metallic and wooden things etc.). Petroglyphs of this period were made in Rock Tepsey and Tagar mounds (kurgans) Petroglyphs of this period were made by various techniques. Subjects of petroglyphs are varied (elks, deers, blls, anthropomorphic images etc. ). Analysis of these images discovers the new sides of world outlook of their creators and gives the whole picture about this culture.


Supramolecular interaction of calix[4]pyrroles with several inorganic anions is reported by addition of calix[4]pyrroles to background electrolyte (BGE) in CZE. The retention time (tR) of all anions increased with increasing concentration of calix[4]pyrroles. The effect on F- is most evident.


ABSTRACT We describe a microevolutionary event of a prevalent strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that caused two outbreaks in San Francisco. During the second outbreak, a direct variable repeat was lost. We discuss the mechanisms of this change and the implications of analyzing multiple genetic loci in this context.


One of the main goals of music education is, undoubtedly, to leave impacts on students' affective, cognitive, intuitive and psychomotor structures. It is also aimed for the students to internalise these impacts and to be able to make a music culture on their own. At this stage of culture-making, the importance of song teaching is an inarguable fact. On the other hand, it is a known that there can occur various difficulties on the process of this training especially on the children at younger ages. It is a known fact that facing various issues about when to employ which method is rather common. While giving children music education we must sure have basic information about their affective, cognitive, intuitive and psychomotor developments. At the same time we must also have appropriate plans and programs scheduled. In this study; a qualitative practice on song teaching to 20 elementary school students is made. On song teaching; the melody of a song is given to 10 students only by playing the melody on the org monophonically and with vocals while the melody of the same song is given to another 10 students played polyphonically accompanied by the org and with vocals. The practice had been done for 40 minutes per week for 4 weeks. At the end of this study the findings had been gathered and presented with statistical information.


The article presents up to date approaches in evaluations of safeties and economical efficacy of introduction complex system for prophylaxis pulmonary thromboembolism in multiprofile hospital. Economical efficacy and safeties of complex thromboprophylaxis was studied on 125 501 hospitalized patients. Control group makes up 47 535 patients, main group makes up 77 966 patients. Safeties of complex prophylaxis measured by 4 quality indicators, graph levelized by Delphy methods in decreasing order of clinical significance. Economical efficacy of programs for complex prophylaxis was measured by calculation of difference between financial resources getting from reduction in number of patients with leg vein thrombosis and financial resources spent for additional medicaments purchases.


The study was conducted t o evaluate the efficacies of the three long acting beta 2 - agonists (Salmeterol, Formotero l and Bambuterol) in south Indian population. This prospective multi - centered study conducted in various hospitals on basis of block randomization method using St. George's respiratory questionnaire and assess pulmonary function using spirometer. Out of 85 patients, 25 received Salmeterol, 35 received Formoterol and 25 received Bambuterol, showed variable improvement in th e quality of life from baseline and clinical improvements. C hange in overall scores from baseline was 56.33 units for Salmeterol, 61.91 u nits for Formoterol and 54.54 units for Bambuterol. Pulmonary function tests showed a better result for Salmeterol. Knowledge, att itude and practice of patients were improved at the end of the study and showed better compliance that had a good impact on th e quality of life of the patients. Salmeterol has shown a better improvement and correlation in case of both quality of life and pulmonary function tests , when compared with others . Formoterol showed a better quality of life but a correlation with the pul monary function tests was not seen like Salmeterol. The proportion of patients showed increase in knowledge, attitude and practice as well as the compliance by the end of the study.


Aims: To precise, the epidemiological, clinical, para-clinical, therapeutic and prognostic characteristics of skeletal involvement in Langerhans cell histiocytosis Materials and Methods: A retrospective and descriptive study of patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis admitted in Internal Medicine Departments of Hedi Chaker University Hospital of Sfax between 1996 and 2018. Cases of Langerhans cell histiocytois confirmed with histo- pathological examination were included. Results: Four cases of LCH with bone involvement were noted. All patients enrolled were male and the mean age at diagnosis was 23.25 years. The bone lesions were unifocal in two cases and Case Study multifocal with multisystemic LCH in the others. The treatment consisted of curettage in two cases and two patients received systemic therapy with corticosteroids and vinblastine respectively. The outcome was favorable in two patients with eosinophilic ganuloma and systemic replases were noted with novel bone lesions in two patients presenting the systemic form of the disease. Conclusion: LCH is a rare disease in children and young adult males. In the present series, bone was the most frequently involved site. The circumstances of discovery of bone localization were the pain swelling lesion in different sites. Biopsy is necessary to obtain diagnosis confirmation. The prognosis of this pathology depends largely on early diagnosis, other organs affected and the response to treatment. The new class of BRAF inhibitors may be a promising therapeutic option in LCH which needs to be assessed in prospective studies mainly in bone lesions.


This study examines the effects of income and income inequality on health in Nigeria in the course of 1980-2014. The study adopts the ARDL Bounds testing approach to investigate the effects of income and income inequality on health in the long- and short-run periods. It was revealed that income has a significant positive relationship with health both in the long run and in the short run, implying that income is a major protecting factor against poor health. On the other hand, income inequality was found to have a significant negative relationship with health in Nigeria, both in the long run and in the short run. Given the attendant impact of income and income inequality on population health, measures and programmes that guarantee adequacy of income and ensure equitable distribution of income should be core components of the economic policies of the Nigerian government.


One of the hallmarks of development is the transition of an agent from novice learner to able partner to experienced instructor. While most machine learning approaches focus on the first transition, we are interested in building an effective learning and development system that allows for the complete range of transitions to occur. In this paper, we present a mechanism enabling such transitions within the context of collaborative social tasks. We present a cooperative robot system capable of learning a hierarchical task execution from an experienced human user, collaborating safely with a knowledgeable human peer, and instructing a novice user based on the explicit inclusion of a feature within the planning and skill execution subsystems we've termed social force. We conclude with an evaluation of this feature's flexibility within a collaborative construction task, changing a robot's behaviors between student, peer, and instructor through simple manipulations of this feature's treatment within the planning subsystem.


An analytical investigation aimed at examining the mechanical behavior of pultruded polymer composites under shear loading is presented. Micromechanical models that account for the presence and shapes of inhomogeneities in composite matrix materials were developed for estimating the extensional and in-plane shear moduli, and Poisson's ratio. The inhomogeneities in composite matrices include platelet clay fillers and voids in this study. The analytical results were compared with the properties obtained by experiments. For the experiments, three different pultruded polymer composites containing clay fillers as well as E-glass fiber and vinylester resin were selected, analyzed and tested under shear loading. The effects of the volume fractions of the constituents on the mechanical properties of the composites were also investigated.


This study aims to explore the gender differences in the relationships between leader-member exchange (LMX), job embeddedness, and turnover intention. Hypotheses formulation was conducted by integrating conservation of resources (COR) theory and social role theory, and data were collected from 462 respondents who were employed in various sectors in Indonesia. Data analyses included confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate the measurement model, followed by mediation-moderation analysis by using the PROCESS macro. As hypothesized, LMX showed a positive impact on job embeddedness and a negative impact on turnover intention. Job embeddedness was negatively associated with turnover intention, partially mediating the relationship between LMX quality and turnover intention. This study showed that gender moderated the relationships between LMX, job embeddedness, and turnover intention; this was particularly evident in the female participants. This study contributes to the literature on the significance of LMX quality and job embeddedness by exploring gender-specific roles, thus strengthening the existing knowledge base.


Background : Approximately 8% of all the maternal deaths in developing countries are due to obstructed
labour.Neglected Obstructed Labour is a major cause of both maternal and neonatal morbidity and
mortality . The incidence of Obstructed Labour is 4.6% of all live births globally.Obstructed Labour is common in developing
countries , it accounts for 11.4% of maternal deaths in the eastern part of India.
Methods: Two year retrospective study (October 2019- September 2021). All the mothers who were admitted in Labour room with
signs and symptoms of obstructed Labour were included in the study.
Results: Out of the 15064 deliveries ,38 cases of obstructed Labour studied, most common cause for obstructed labour was
Cephalo Pelvic Disproportion(65%).
Conclusion: Management of obstructed labour is mainly about its prevention in the antenatal and intrapartum period.A
balanced decision about best method of relieving obstruction with least hazard to the mother and fetus improves fetomaternal
outcome.


Loan grant and default characteristics in microfinance speak tremendously of women and its participation. Although the availability and adequacy of income and the presence of the guarantor play an important role in loan grant and default characteristics, the significant role of women in the process cannot be discounted. The paper intends to understand, relate and connect loan and default characteristics and women involvement in microfinance. The review further highlights the positive and innovative contribution of women in the development and financial sustainability of micro finance institutions as well as women empowerment. Microfinance has both the capacity to empower and may disempower women as well. The truth remains that nurturing empowerment among women can't be completely developed by microfinance alone but instead through a series of intervention available to women. The fact remains to be true in relation to other invention for poverty alleviation and gender bias reduction. The value however is identifying and replicating best practices and minimizing practices that deplete opportunities for enhancing women empowerment in microfinance.


We researched the UHF-based method for PD monitoring of electrical equipment in the substation,which could use a fixed antenna array and relevant corollary equipment to monitor PD for the whole substation and to achieve early warning.Omnidirectional antenna array was placed in the centre of substation to receive UHF signals triggered by faulted equipment in substation space,PD existing in substation could be detected and the electrical equipment with PD could be found according to the measured signals.Thereby,we built a monitoring system with wideband,good gain and horizontal plane omnidirectional disc-cone antenna as UHF sensor,in the substation test,system detected the discharge signals and discharge source in disconnector were located by the signals.The site measurement results prove that this is a useful method for PD monitoring of the whole substation and early warning.


Abstract Lars Tirén was one of the leading forest researchers working in northern Sweden during the first half of the twentieth century. He studied forest regeneration and forest production but he was also interested in past land use and how it had affected the forests in northern Sweden. This paper is a review of Tirén's study, "Forestry historical studies in the Degerfors district of the province of Västerbotten", published in 1937. The specific aims of this review are to evaluate the main findings, the scientific quality and the possible bias of this study, as well as its value today. Tirén's study included an analysis of forest fire history, and studies of structural changes of old-growth and high-graded forests and of preindustrial forest utilization, and it is based on different methods and sources, including dendrochronology and historical records analyses. Many of Tirén's analyses on intensive uses of the boreal forest prior to commercial forestry are still valid today and his work has influenced research in many fields, for example in forest fire ecology. Tirén's conclusion is, however, somewhat biased since he had a strong objective to demonstrate the poor care of the forest before the twentieth century, and the need for a more production-oriented forest management. Nevertheless, an important value of his work lies in the thorough descriptions of a forest landscape that no longer exists but that he could observe at the beginning of the twentieth century.


A class of trellis-coded modulation schemes whose Viterbi decoder optimally decodes observing a prescribed number of intervals is introduced. For a fixed decoding delay, it is shown that the minimum Euclidean distance of the resulting schemes is upper bounded by that of MSK. Signals that achieve this upper bound and maximize the power within a given bandwidth are found.


Corrosive conditions, for example, high fuel utilization, crossover, and local gas leakage were studied using a single cell equipped both with twelve reference electrodes (RHEs) and with sixteen thermocouples, and changes of the distributions of temperatures and potentials in the plane of a PAFC single cell were investigated. High potential of the cathode was observed at the fuel gas starved area. High temperature zone was observed at the leak gas introduced area or at high current density area. When the hydrogen utilization was close to 100%, the maximum cathode potentials exceeded 0.9 V vs. RHE, and high possibility of corrosion was suggested at the fuel outlet area. In the case of local air leak from a tube laid in a fuel gas flow channel, the maximum cathode potential exceeded 1.2 V vs. RHE at the fuel downstream of the air leak point, and high possibility of corrosion was suggested at that area.


Overlapping genomic clones coding for the α1 chain of mouse type XV collagen (Col15a1) were isolated. The gene was found to be 110 kb in length and to contain 40 exons. Analysis of the proximal 5'-flanking region showed properties characteristic of a housekeeping gene promoter, and functional analysis identified cis-acting elements for both positive and negative regulation of Col15a1 gene expression. The general exon-intron pattern of the mouse Col15a1 gene was found to be highly similar to that of its human homologue, and comparison of 5'-flanking sequences indicated four conserved domains. The genomic area encoding the end of the N-terminal non-collagenous domain nevertheless showed marked divergence from the human form. Due to the lack of two exons coding for the N-terminal collagenous domain and a codon divergence in one exon, the mouse α1(XV) chain contains seven collagenous domains whereas the human equivalent contains nine. In order to understand the biological role of this protein, a null mutation in the Col15a1 gene was introduced into the germ line of mice. Despite the wide tissue distribution of type XV collagen, the null mice developed and reproduced normally and were indistinguishable from their wild-type littermates. After three months of age, however, microscopic analysis revealed progressive histological changes characteristic of myopathic disorder, and treadmill exercise resulted in greater skeletal muscle injury than in the wild-type mice. Irrespective of potential anti-angiogenic properties of type XV collagen-derived endostatin, the number of vessels appeared normal. Nevertheless, ultrastructural analyses revealed markedly abnormal capillaries and endothelial cell degeneration in the heart and skeletal muscle. Perfused hearts showed a diminished inotropic response, and exercise resulted in cardiac injury, changes that mimic early or mild heart disease. Thus type XV collagen appears to function as a necessary structural component for stabilizing cells with surrounding connective tissue in skeletal muscle cells and microvessels. Mice lacking the type XV collagen homologue, type XVIII collagen, showed delayed regression of blood vessels in the vitreous body of the eye and abnormal outgrowth of the retinal vessels. This suggests that collagen XVIII plays a role in regulating vascular development in the eye. Moreover, type XVIII collagen was found to be important at the surface between the inner limiting membrane and the collagen fibrils of the vitreous body. Col18a1 deficient mice serve as an animal model for the recessively inherited Knobloch syndrome, characterized by various eye abnormalities and occipital encephalocele. The results presented in this thesis indicate diverse biological roles for the closely related collagen types XV and XVIII.


The transverse electrooptic effect in the PLZT ceramic was employed in constructing a matrix-addressable electrically controlled transparency with a memory. Specially shaped electrodes and an additional insulator film were used in this transparency. The requirements to be satisfied by the insulator were determined. The information recorded in the transparency was erased by a weak alternating field. The erasure mechanism was analyzed. The dynamic and contrast characteristics were determined. The combination of the transverse electro-optic effect with this erasure method made it possible to achieve an efficiency of over 50% and an optical contrast exceeding 100:1.


Jones and Stout (2015) have shed much needed light on an organizational reality that industrial and organizational psychologists have unfortunately not paid much attention to: nepotism and cronyism (or what Jones and Stout have called social connection preference; SCP). Jones and Stout (2015) have made a good case (a) that SCP is pervasive, (b) that there are good reasons to believe that policies (and beliefs) against SCP are frequently counterproductive, (c) that SCP involves compelling moral dilemmas, and (d) that there are workable solutions to dealing with these moral dilemmas. I would like to offer a few observations about some additional issues involved in SCP: bias against SCP; SCP and cooperation; and nepotism, altruism, and personnel decisions criteria.


Recently, the realization of the conventional relaxation oscillators was introduced based on memristors. This paper validates the concept using two series memcapacitors in general which is applicable for a capacitor and memcapacitor as well. Furthermore, the necessary conditions for oscillation are introduced, and a generalized closed‐form expression for the oscillation frequency is derived. Two special cases are introduced and verified using PSPICE simulations showing a perfect matching. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Being affected by aphasia influences the total life. The aim of this study was to generate a theoretical model, from a nursing perspective, of what aphasics (N=12) experience of the encounter with other people. Data was collected through interview questions based on a biophysical, socio-cultural and psychological approach and analysed using the grounded theory method. Two main categories amerged: interaction and support. The experiences were: a feeling of having ability; a feeling of being an outsider; and a feeling of dejection or uncertainty, depending on wether the interaction was obstructed or secure and wether the support recieved resulted in strengthened or impaired self-esteem. Nurses need to give support that enhances the patients´ self-esteem and results in a positive and realistic view of the aphasic, as well as involving those around them in this. This will give possibilities for the patient to turn the interaction process from an obstructed into a secure one.


Lesser but significant risk and side effects are: rash, complications for heart patients, may cause allergic reactions, may adversely affect blood clotting, possibly causing falls in elderly persons, extreme sleepiness, feeling like throwing up, confusion, dizziness, loss of balance, heart burn, stomach cramps and severe stomach problems. In the first 29 weeks of a pregnancy these drugs can cause harm to the fetus...


Three decades have passed since China dramatically opened up to the global market and began to catch up rapidly with leading economies. In this paper we discuss the effects of China's opening-up and rapid growth on the welfare of both China and the rest of the world (ROW). We find that the opening-up per se is welfare improving for China but has had little impact on the ROW. The opening-up of China is beneficial to the ROW if it led to significant productivity growth in China. Furthermore, China's balanced trade policy after the opening-up has helped the ROW rather than China. Hence, according to a simple neoclassical model with complete markets, a gradual trade liberalization in China is prefereble to a drastic one from the ROW perspective.


Concrete material suffers from a relatively low tensile strength and limited deformation capacity. Such defects of the concrete are very fragile and sensitive to shrinkage cracking materials. The SelfCompacting Concrete (SCC) are highly fluid concretes whose implementation without vibration. This material replaces traditional vibrated concrete mainly seen techno-economic interest it presents. The SCC has several advantages which are at the origin of their development crunching. The research is therefore to conduct a comparison in terms of rheological and mechanical performance between different formulations to find the optimal dosage for rubber granulates. Through this research, we demonstrated that it is possible to make different settings SCC composition having good rheological and mechanical properties. This study also showed that the substitution of natural aggregates (NA) by rubber aggregates (RA) in the composition of the SCC, contributes to a slight variation of workability in the fresh state parameters still remaining in the field of SCC required by the AFGC recommendations. The experimental results show that the compressive strengths of SCC decreased slightly by substituting NA by RA. Finally, the decrease in free shrinkage is proportional to the percentage of RA incorporated into the composition of concrete. This reduction is mainly due to the improvement of the deformability of these materials.


On July, 2023, the head of a GDMC, Dehradun similar eye symptoms among the students. We investigated the cluster to confirm the diagnosis, identify potential exposures, and propose recommendations. We defined a case as redness/watering/discharge from any eye among the students15 July, 2023 to 20 august 2023. We actively searched for the cases and calculated attack rates. We drew epicurve by date of symptoms onset. We conducted a Prospective cohort study of students and staff. We collected data on potential exposures and calculated Risk Ratio (RR), 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI), and Population Attributable Risk (PAR).


This chapter begins with a discussion on the Gospel of Truth, which is the beginning of a work from the Jung Codex. The followers of Valentinus regarded it as a fifth gospel. It has by now been established beyond doubt that the gnostic Valentinus himself wrote this work. The Gospel of Truth contains detailed reflections on Christ as the Name, that is: the essential revelation of the Unknown God. The chapter now talks about the discovery of the Gospel of Thomas, which has led young scholars in the United States to start a new quest for the historical Jesus. The Cologne Mani Codex is one of the world's smallest books. The chapter highlights that the only hope for the Christian religion is for the Roman Catholic Church to integrate Gnosis and personal religious experience. In this way it could be transformed from an authoritarian institution into a constitutional monarchy.Keywords: Christian religion; Cologne Mani Codex; Gnosis; Gospel of Thomas; Gospel of Truth; Roman Catholic Church


A novel diffuse correlation spectroscopy flow-oximeter was used to simultaneously monitor cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygenation during head-up tilt tests. Results suggest that CBF change has the best sensitivity for predicting vasovagal syncope.


Objective: The scavenging capacity of free radicals by enzymes-hydrolyzed wheat bran (EHWB) and its protection against DNA damage were studied in vitro. Method: EHWB, prepared by hydrolyzing de-starched wheat bran using enzymes from Aspergillus niger fermentation, was used to test its scavenging capacity of free radicals and protection against DNA damage caused by hydroxyl free radical in vitro. Results: The capacity of scavenging free radicals by EHWB was shown, and EHWB could protect DNA damage caused by hydroxyl radicals. Conclusion: EHWB has higher free radicals scavenging capacity.


7RT-flex 60C diesel engine is selected as the research object to analyze the characteristics of common rail system.Based on the continuity equation and the motion equation of the fluid mechanics,the mathematical model with blocks is established on servo pumps,collector,common rail pipe of servo oil and vent control module,etc.All the mathematical models are calculated by MATLAB/Simulink to achieve the dynamic simulation and parameter analysis on the collector and servo oil common rail pressure,servo pump plunger stroke,pressure and flow rate of plunger hole,etc.Comparison of simulation results of curve and data with the basic characteristics of actual servo oil common rail system verifies the correctness of the proposed model.


Background: A toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI)-induced asthma model, in which delayed-type hypersensitivity-like asthmatic airway obstruction is elicited restrictively in the lung, has never been developed. Methods: Guinea pigs were percutaneously sensitized with TDI. For the challenges, once every 2 weeks for a total of 5 times, TDI mists were delivered directly to the lung through an oral cannula, with its tip being positioned in the opening of the trachea. Time-course changes in specific airway resistance (sRaw) were measured by double-flow plethysmography. Basic mechanisms underlying TDI-induced asthma were analyzed. Results: After the 2nd–5th challenges, induction of both an early increase in sRaw that peaked at 10 min and a delayed-type sRaw elevation that peaked at 22 h were observed. Interestingly, in the sensitized/challenged animals, baseline sRaw was elevated by repeated challenge as compared to that seen for non-sensitized animals. Intratracheal administration of a bronchodilator, salbutamol, strongly suppressed the early asthmatic response (EAR) but not the delayed-type asthmatic response (DAR). During DAR, both albumin leakage and fucose secretion into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were increased. The cysteinyl leukotriene antagonist pranlukast failed to inhibit either EAR or DAR while the corticosteroid dexamethasone significantly suppressed DAR, without significantly affecting EAR. Conclusions: Effective delivery of TDI to the lung may induce reproducible DAR in sensitized guinea pigs with chronicity that is reflected by an increase in the sRaw baseline. DAR is not mediated by constriction of airway smooth muscles and is probably due to the concurrent presence of mucosal edema and mucus hypersecretion in the airways.


Abstract The 3D thin‐walled finite element model of Ignalina NPP Unit 2 reactor building was developed aimed at the evaluation of the global dynamic behaviour with a focus on the seismic response. The model comprises description of the monolithic structures, while prefabricated frame structures are ignored and replaced by external masses. Sensitivity study of the selected dynamic characteristics of the model with respect to data uncertainties is considered. Uncertainty of the model is considered in terms of masses of removed structures and wall stiffness. Seismic input is represented by the site specific free‐field ground response acceleration spectra. The sensitivity study concerns variations of frequencies and acceleration of in‐structure horizontal response spectra at specified points. Maximal bending moments are also considered. It was obtained that the reactor level is not sensitive to the uncertainties considered, while discernable sensitivity was detected at the top level of the structure.


In RBC models, " disaster risk shocks " reproduce countercyclical risk premia but generate an increase in consumption along the recession and asset price fall, through their effects on agents' preferences (Gourio, 2012). This paper offers a solution to this puzzle by developing a New Keynesian model with such a small but time-varying probability of " disaster ". We show that price stickiness, combined with an elasticity of intertemporal substitution smaller than unity, restores procyclical consumption and wages, while preserving countercyclical risk premia, in response to disaster risk shocks. The mechanism then provides a rationale for discount factor first-and second-moment (" uncertainty ") shocks. Working Papers reflect the opinions of the authors and do not necessarily express the views of the Banque de France or the Bank of Finland. This document is available on the Banque de France Website. Les Documents de travail reflètent les idées personnelles de leurs auteurs et n'expriment pas nécessairement la position de la Banque de France ou de la Banque de Finlande. Ce document est disponible sur le site internet de la Banque de France. financial crisis, risk premia increased significantly in advanced economies and central banks implemented various unconventional monetary policies in order to reduce them. However, generating realistic risk premia along with expected macroeconomic variations in response to shocks is particularly challenging in standard economic models. We show that incorporating a time-varying " disaster risk " in a New Keynesian model allows to reproduce countercyclical risk premia together with the expected co-movement of macroeconomic variables, in particular consumption, investment, and wages, along the recession. In that respect, we improve some of the macroeconomic predictions from real business cycle (RBC) analysis of disaster risk and generalize the mechanism into a policy-friendly framework. A central feature of our model relies on the likelihood that rare disasters hit the economy. Rare disasters are large adverse events associated with a low probability, such as great recessions, wars, terrorist attacks or natural catastrophes. They can lead to important declines in production, consumption, capital, or productivity. Rietz (1988) and Barro (2006) showed that accounting for these events can explain the high level of risk premia observed in the data, incompatible with previous standard asset pricing models (equity premium puzzle). Furthermore, Gabaix (2011), Gourio (2012), and Wachter (2013) developed dynamic models which allow the probability of disasters to be time-varying. In particular, Gourio (2012) introduced a small time-varying probability of …


This work aims at comparing the damping performances of two passive treatments based on piezoelectric or viscoelastic patches. The motivation for such a comparison stems from the fact that the two damping treatments have been developed fairly independently, and are rarely compared. Firstly, the dynamic response of a simply supported metallic plate, equipped with constrained viscoelastic patches or piezoelectric patches connected to an electrical network, is measured experimentally. Secondly, a numerical model of the structure is set up and validated to evaluate the damping performances of both passive treatments under different configurations (for instance equal-mass and equal-thickness configurations). Finally, with regard to this work, the advantages and the limitations in using viscoelastic or piezoelectric treatments are discussed.


The Korkine-Zolotareff (KZ) reduction is one of the often used reduction strategies for decoding lattices. A KZ reduction algorithm involves solving shortest vector problems (SVPs) and basis expansion. In this paper, first we improve the commonly used Schnorr-Euchner search strategy for solving SVPs. Then, we derive upper bounds on the magnitudes of the entries of any solution of a SVP when its basis matrix is LLL reduced. These upper bounds only involve the parameter of the LLL reduction and the dimension of the solution and they are useful for analyzing the complexity of the basis expansion in a KZ reduction algorithm. Finally, we modify the basis expansion method proposed by Zhang et al. and combine it with the improved Schnorr-Euchner search strategy to give a new KZ reduction algorithm. Simulation results show that the new KZ reduction algorithm is much faster and numerically more stable than the KZ reduction algorithm proposed by Zhang et al., especially when the basis matrix is ill conditioned.


The current work is aimed at fabricating hybrid metal matrix composites involving a unique system of matrix and reinforcement phases. The matrix phase selected for our work is Al 7005 while the reinforcement phase selected is S Glass and Fly ash. This unique combination has resulted in better properties. The compositions of reinforcements are fixed at 1% and 3% of S Glass fiber with 2% and 6% of fly ash. The results of tests carried out on Al 7005/S glass and fly ash composites for varying composition are reported in this work. The tensile strength has increased with the addition of S Glass majorly attributed to the phenomena of micro-coring and subsurface interracial bonding. While the Compression strength has also increased due the phenomena of micro-coring and agglomeration. The hardness of the specimens has increased as compared to base metal. Microstructural evaluation of the composite subsystem was done to identify the dispersion of reinforcements in the material.


High-frequency radar (HFR)-based observations are extremely useful for studying coastal process due to their fine spatio-temporal resolution. However, these observations often suffer from gaps, caused by a range of operational and external factors, which pose major challenges during their analysis. Herein, we propose the use of spatio-temporal kriging as a means to effectively fill such gaps. This method has been applied to HFR derived surface-current measurements made from the Tamil Nadu High-Frequency Radar station along the eastern coast of India. The proposed method was able to restore surface-current fields and reconstruct the mesoscale and submesoscale circulation features from sparse observations. The proposed method was cross-validated using the leave-one-out cross-validation and the leave-one-day-out cross-validation schemes which, when compared against the accuracy bounds of HFR-based surface-current observations, demonstrated the ability of the method to reconstruct surface-current fields with reasonable fidelity.


The clinical manifestations of Neuroblastoma are very variable. They depend on the site of the primary tumor, most often in the abdomen, along the spine or in the adrenal gland. Very often, it is the existence of metastases which reveals the disease, with bone pain, and / or difficulty in walking or urinary problems. Management must be carried out in a specialized multidisciplinary team. This will confirm, by imaging, the existence of a neuroblastoma, perform a biological assessment, search for metastases from a distance, and define prognostic factors and the appropriate therapeutic strategy.


In disaster crises, communication among stakeholders and response organizations are important. In Florida, the role of the County Extension Director (CED) is threefold – educational programming, leadership of a county extension program, and county office administrative responsibilities. However, their primary role in disaster emergencies is to facilitate collaborations with state and federal partners. During Hurricane Irma in 2017, UF/IFAS CEDs assisted in response efforts. However, communication efforts can become challenging in such chaotic and stressful situations. This research explored communication challenges among CEDs, clients, and statewide partners in hurricane events. Insights into the communication role of CEDs could enhance UF/IFAS Extension's communication plan for effective information dissemination post-disaster. The Uses and Gratifications Theory guided this qualitative study. Interviews occurred with nine CEDs from various counties across Florida. Results showed CEDs used numerous communication channels to connect with clients, staff, and statewide partners, mainly for the purposes of information dissemination. The main reasons for selecting these communication channels depended on its accessibility, reliability, and whether it was a usual form of communication. Some participants were unaware of available resources which resulted in duplicate efforts. Thus, they required additional information from statewide partners. Some participants also had difficulty connecting clients with people who could assist them with insurance information and aid. As such, this study recommended a central communication system to avoid redundant efforts, strengthening relationships with disaster agencies to promote information-sharing and avoid miscommunication, and developing a list of resources and contacts for CEDs' first engagement in disaster response.


All developmental stages of the Egyptian alfalfa weevil, Hypera brunneipennis (Boheman), appear to be equally sensitive to diapause-inducing long photoperiods. The critical photoperiod for diapause induction in this weevil appears to be between 10 and 12-h photophase. The optimum temperature for diapause development appears to be between 20 and 25°C.


The utility model relates to a bypass sliding sleeve for petroleum and gas drilling and completion operation, which is composed of an upper connecting sleeve (1), a body (2), a sliding sleeve (3), a shear pin (4), a ball base (5) and a lower joint (6), the lower end of the upper connecting sleeve (1) is provided with an external thread connected with an internal thread on the front end of the body (2); a side hole is kept in the front middle part of the body (2), two concave grooves are arranged in the side hole, the sliding sleeve (3) is nested in the body (2), the sliding sleeve is provided with a lug boss matched with the concave grooves of the body (2), the outer surface of the sliding sleeve (3) forms sliding fit with the inner cavity of the body (2); the ball base (5) is fixed in the sliding sleeve (3) by the shear pin (4); the front end of the lower joint (6) is provided with a thread connected with the body (2), the thickness of the front end inner wall of the lower joint (6) is more than the thickness of the lower end inner wall of the sliding sleeve (3), the inner diameter of the front part of the sliding sleeve (3) is more than or equal to the inner diameter of the lower joint (6). The bypass sliding sleeve has simple structure and can be opened and closed repeatedly to control the communication of the pipe interior and the annulus effectively.


The gold-catalyzed intermolecular addition of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to unactivated 1-alkynes (Nakamura reaction) is achieved at room temperature for the first time through synergistic gold/gallium catalysis. The developed system is highly efficient with a gold catalyst loading that can be as low as 500 ppm.


In this paper, attempt was made to provide a critical exposition of the nature of philosophy and how it conceived and gave birth to other disciplines. The paper also brought to lime light the "pre-birth" relationship between these disciplines and philosophy, and how philosophy itself now relates with these new disciplines as a mother would do to her children.


When flexible pavement cracking occurs with the underlying base and subgrade performing satisfactorily and no excessive large deflection in the asphalt concrete is present, thermal cracking, fatigue, or a combination of both are often the cause. It is recognized that thermal cracking occurs when creep of the asphalt is insufficient to accommodate the contraction strain resulting from fast cooling of the pavement. Asphalt viscosity-temperature behavior is recognized as the key factor in low temperature cracking. The concept of fatigue failure is often interpreted differently by investigators. Clarification of material behavior and failure mechanisms are needed before suitable design/analysis methods are developed for flexible pavements. The relation between asphalt rheological parameters and asphalt mixture parameters should be established to facilitate design of mixtures and pavements. While stiffness is an important parameter for use in design to control pavement deflections and stress, it is questioned whether it is desirable to obtain high stiffness by increasing the viscosity of the asphalt or by placing greater emphasis on aggregates and compaction. It is the intent of this paper to question the validity of conventional fatigue concepts and suggest that fracture is primarily related to a viscosity dependent creep strain limit.


For nearly a century,Chinese legislative process has being more with the revolution,accompanied with homogenization characteristics. Chinese legislation also has an obvious pragmatism,and been full of distinctive political aspirations. Within a century,China's legislation is constantly changing between "revolutionary Reform"and "Reform Revolution". Because of the current legislation scientification and democratization of political identity,the Chinese revolutionary legislation has a historical opportunity of leaving revolution background.


The effect of the fast time varying channel on Almouti space-time block coding (STBC) scheme is analyzed in high speed mobile environment, and an improved scheme is proposed. Simulation results show that performance of the proposed method is much better than that of the Almouti STBC scheme when the vehicle speed is greater than 350 km/h.


Because the heating period is long in China severe cold area and the resident living buildings' energy consumption is in a high level,so evaluation of energy saving becomes the key factor in promoting regional building energy saving.In this paper,analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy membership function method are used to construct a residential building energy saving evaluation index system for cold region by combining the experience of building energy saving at home and abroad and constructing principles for evaluation index system.Jilin Province is chosen as an example to evaluate and analyze according to the evaluation index system.The study results show that the energy saving level of residential building in Jilin Province is good.Meanwhile,there are some problems such as high heating energy consumption,low energy efficiency in the heating process and low utilization of renewable energy.Therefore,the evaluation index system is practicable.In a word,the study results are of practical significance to promote the urban residential building energy saving in cold regions.


Acquiring the ability to read is a complex process that involves a number of skills. Recent literature confirms that many individuals with Down syndrome (DS) can acquire useful levels of reading ability which can open new opportunities. In contrast with the typically-developing (TD) population, students with DS portray an uneven pattern of development of pre-reading and reading skills. This commentary explores the aspects that need to be considered when assessing the pre-literacy and literacy abilities of students with DS in the Maltese bilingual context. Its aim is to identify the components of an assessment protocol that could be used to evaluate the literacy-related abilities of students with DS.


Objective To compare the seropositivity rates of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and animal contact history between schizophrenia and affective disorders.Methods Six hundred cases with schizophrenia and 600 with affective disorders were recruited.The serum IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma antibodies were detected with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).And the patients' animal contact history was recorded as well.Results The seropositivity rate of IgG was higher in schizophrenia than that in affective disorders (13.7% vs.6.7%,P<0.01;OR =2.22).In schizophrenia patients,the rate of their mothers living in countryside during pregnancy (66.8%,x~2=21.72,OR=1.74),the rate of having family dog or cat during pregnancy (14.8%,x~2=13.85,OR=2.00;9.5%,x~2=21.63,OR= 3.39),and the rate of patients living in village before 13-year-old (65.7%,x~2=28.34,OR=1.88), were higher than that in affective disorders (53.7%,8.0%,3.0%,50.5% respectively;P<0.01). Conclusion It suggests that past latent Toxoplasma infection is correlated with schizophrenia,and the mechanisms should be explored in future study.


(1988). An analysis of the constant comparative method. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education: Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 273-279.


Objective
To investigate whether bedside simulation teaching can improve the ability to deal with critical situation in systematic and standardized way in junior medical staff, and the effect of different debriefing methods on training.

Methods
According to the different debriefing methods, the health care staff, as a team of 6 persons, were divided into 3 groups by randomized block method(control group, traditional debriefing group and immediate debriefing group). Each team would run 3 cases, which had the same degree of difficulty.The different scores of running case and key skills according to the goal of exam would be recorded before and after debriefing, and 1 month later respectively.We evaluated the clinical ability of medical team before and after simulation, and the ability of skill maintenance after 1 month, and effect of different debriefing methods.

Results
There were 54 teams(each group had 18 teams), including 270 persons, participated in this study.The scores of running case and key skills were all improved after a series of simulation training in each team of any group.The difference was statistically significant(P 0.05), when medical teams run case 1.After debriefing, medical teams run case 2 and case 3, the scores of running case and endotracheal intubation skills were significantly improved(P 0.05). There was no significant difference between different debriefing methods after running case 2 and case 3(P>0.05).

Conclusion
Bedside simulation training has a good clinical value in junior medical staff and repeated practice can improve the comprehensive ability, including clinical and non clinical skills.So the new teaching method is worthy of promotion.

Key words:
Simulation; Training; Critical care medicine; Pediatrics


Several years ago, paleontologist Shaena Montanari was doing field work in Mongolia's Gobi Desert when she noticed fragments of dinosaur eggshells in the sand. She knew them by distinctive lines and bumps on their surfaces. Montanari, then a graduate student at the American Museum of Natural History, and now a Royal Society fellow at the University of Edinburgh, realized she could use the fragments to understand the climate that these dinosaurs lived in about 80 million years ago.

That's because an isotopic signature in the calcium carbonate shells—the ratio of oxygen-18 to oxygen-16—can tell researchers about the same signature in the water the dinosaurs drank. Such water isotopes, geochemists have shown, depend on how wet or dry a certain climate is. Montanari eventually found that the oviraptorid theropod dinosaurs that made those eggshells lived in arid conditions, much like the Gobi has today.

Stable isotopes found in fossilized dinosaur eggshells (left), bones and teeth like mammoth tusks (top right), and insects like chironomids (bottom right, 1 mm across) can provide clues to past climates and the diets of extinct animals. Credits: Shaena Montanari, Optimarc/Shutterstock, Matthew Wooller.

Montanari wasn't the only one to use these fossilized shells as a window to the past. Chemist Robert Eagle, then of California Institute of Technology, realized that the eggshells might also shed light on an ongoing debate in paleontology: whether dinosaurs were warm-blooded like birds and mammals or cold-blooded like reptiles. Eagle, now at the University of California, Los Angeles, was inspired by a relatively recent advance called clumped isotope analysis, which can accurately predict the temperature at which a carbonate mineral was formed. Pioneered by John M. Eiler and colleagues at Caltech, it has been used to more accurately reconstruct temperature deep into the past by analyzing carbonate in ancient corals and shells in ocean sediments.

Though scientists have long been analyzing the stable isotopes of fossils to study the past, recent advances like clumped isotope analysis are helping push the boundaries of what paleontologists, archeologists, and paleoanthropologists can learn about life thousands to millions of years ago. Through signatures preserved in eggshells, bones, teeth, and even the molecular remains of primeval plants, researchers are piecing together the physiology and diet of ancient animals and humans, and figuring out how climate and environmental changes might have influenced evolution and extinction events.

Eagle thought clumped isotope analysis on the oviraptorid theropod eggshells could tell him about the body temperature of the creature that formed them. In clumped isotope analysis, scientists use a mass spectrometer to simultaneously measure the stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen in carbon dioxide derived from a carbonate sample. They then determine how often the different isotopes are paired together in the carbonate material. The temperature at which carbonate is formed influences how often certain carbon and oxygen isotopes join up in the crystal, a phenomenon called isotopic "clumping".

Eagle first validated his hunch by analyzing eggs laid by modern birds. He then visited Montanari at the museum and worked with her to study the Gobi eggshells, as well as ones from titanosaurid sauropods, plant-eaters that resemble Brontosaurus, found in Argentina.

Paleontologist Shaena Montanari (shown holding fossilized bones) collected dinosaur eggshells in the Gobi Desert and analyzed them to understand ancient climates. Credit: Courtesy of Shaena Montanari.

Their results show that the titanosaurids had a body temperature of about 38 °C, similar to modern birds, which are warm-blooded. In contrast, the oviraptorid dinosaurs had body temperatures of about 32 °C—not quite as warm, but warmer than their environment by about 6 °C, meaning they weren't cold-blooded either. Thus, they may have had an intermediate metabolism called mesothermy, like modern great white sharks and echidnas, Montanari says.


A field experiment was conducted at Dry Land Agricultural Research Station, JAU, Jamkhambhaliya, Saurashtra for studying the effect of seaweed liquid fertilizer on yield and uptake of micronutrients by kharif Groundnut (cv. G.G.2) under rainfed condition. The groundnut (GG.2) grown on soils deficient in available Zn and Fe significantly responded higher pod yield and uptake of micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) and net realization (ICBR 1:3.28) to the spray of seaweed liquid fertilizer (SLF) @ 3.5 % at 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing. Zinc and Fe deficiency is one of the most frequently encountered micronutrient deficiencies in groundnut. Continuous use of high analysis fertilizers under intensified cropping, and neglect of organic manures manifest the occurrence of wide spread micronutrients deficiencies. Widespread deficiencies of Fe and Zn in light textured soils of India (Singh, 2006) and of calcareous soils of Saurashtra have been reported (Patel et al., 1999). Reports indicated that Zn and Fe deficiency causes remarkable losses in yields of groundnut. Widely prevalent Zn and Fe deficiencies warrants the need for research on different source of Zn and Fe especially on their usage individually and in mixtures as foliar / soil application. Seaweed Liquid fertilizer contains trace elements besides its importance as bio-stimulants. Hence, the trial was undertaken to study the effect of seaweed liquid fertilizer on yield and uptake of micronutrients by groundnut under rainfed condition of saurashtra. MATERIALS AND METHODS A field experiment was conducted at Dry Land Agricultural Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Jamkhambhaliya (Dist. Jamnagar) during 20012004 for studying the effect of seaweed liquid fertilizer (SLF) on yield and uptake of micronutrients by kharif groundnut (cv. G. G.2). The treatments comprised of different levels of SLF spray (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0%), multi-micronutrient local formulation (LF) grade spray @1 % and soil application of micronutrient as per Soil Test Value (STV). The local formulation multimicronutrient mixture grade was prepared in the laboratory on the basis of average removal by crops having composition of Fe2.0, Mn-0.5, Zn-4.0, Cu-0.3 and B0.5%. Foliar application was made at 15, 30 and 45 DAS (Days After Sowing). Rate of soil application as per STV was ZnSO 4 @ 8 kg/ha and FeSO 4 @ 15 kg/ha. The micronutrient contents of treatment materials are as under : The Asian J.of Hort. June 2008 Vol. 3 (1) : (....) An Asian Journal of Soil Science, Vol. 3 No 2 : 252-256 (December-2008) See end of the article for authors' affiliations Correspondence to : K.C. PATEL Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, ANAND (GUJARAT) INDIA Content Sr. No. Treatment material Fe Mn Zn Cu B 1. SLF (water soluble)ppm SLF (Total)ppm 2.8


This study was carried out to determine pathogenicity of anamorphic fungi Plectosporium oratosquillae NJM 0662 and Acremonium sp. NJM 0672, which were isolated from gills of mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria caught in Yamaguchi and Aichi Prefectures in Japan. Cumulative mortality of the mantis shrimp injected with a high dose (5.0 × 106 conidia/mL) and a low dose (5.0 × 104 conidia/mL) of the isolate NJM 0662 reached 100% and 60% at day 25, respectively. Cumulative mortality of the shrimp injected with the high dose and the low dose of the isolate NJM 0672 reached 100% and 80% at day 25, respectively. The gill lesions in the shrimp experimentally infected with the fungi were similar to those of naturally infected shrimp. Histopathologically, the hyphae and conidia were found in the gill filaments and heart, and the hyphae were encapsulated by hemocytes in the gill filaments and the base of gills. The result confirmed that these two anamorphic fungi were pathogenic to mantis shrimp.