Generalization of the results of theoretical and practical research in the production of beer showed that the rise in prices for cereals, and in particular for barley, leads to an increase in the price of malt and, accordingly, an increase in the cost of the final product – beer. In this regard, modern brewers face the acute problem of a shortage of high-quality raw materials for beer production, as well as high competition in the consumer market. The need for inexpensive raw materials for brewing beer has grown significantly. Along with malt substitutes, a new product has appeared on the brewing commodity market – triticale. It surpasses barley in terms of the total amount of extract and other chemical indicators, so the use of this culture as a raw material for the production of brewing malt is a promising direction in brewing. In this work, we selected the optimal modes of malting grain triticale varieties "Balausa 8" to a moisture content of 40 %, 42 % and 44 % and germination for 3, 4 and 5 days at temperatures of 14 °C, 16 °C and 18 °C. Based on experimental studies, it has been found that 16 °C should be considered the optimal temperature for soaking triticale grains to a moisture content of 44 %. In the studies, the optimal mode of malting was experimentally determined for 5 days at a temperature of 16 °C, which made it possible to ensure the maximum accumulation of hydrolytic enzymes. Accelerated synthesis of amylases (217.99 units) occurs due to an increase in the rate of diffusion of gibberellin-like substances to the cells of the aleurone layer. The maximum accumulation of amylolytic enzymes is observed already on the 5th day of malting, which shortens this process by 2 days in the production of malt using classical technology.


A cross-sectional study was conducted with the purpose of determining th e prevalence, bacterial pathogens and the associated risk factors ofbovinemastitisin Small holder dairy farms in and aroundAddis Ababa, Ethiopia . The study was carried out on 499 dairy cows based on data collection questionnaire survey, farm visit, animal examination and California mastitis test (CMT) and isolation of the causative agent. The pres ent study revealed abnormalities of udder as evidence of mastitis in 373(74.7%) cows. Of these 98(19.6%) were clinical and 275 (55.1%) sub clinical form of mastitis. Quarter level prevalence was 5.2% and 42.7% for clinical and sub clinical mastitis, respec tively. The prevalence among successive stage of lactation was 87.2%, 65.9% and 73.1% in early, mid and late lactation, respectively. This variation was statistically significant (P<0.05). Parity and age were also considered as major intrinsic risk factors that influenced prevalence of mastitis .Milking practice and farm hygiene were considered as extrinsic risk factors, where owners who practiced using towel had 62.9 % infection rate and where as those that did not used were affected at a rate of 79.7%.The prevalence of c ows that were managed in poor hygienicconditionwas 82.6%, while those managed under poor hygienic condition showed an infection rate of 59.6%, these prevalence were significantly different(P<0.05). Bacteriological examination of milk s ample revealed the highest isolation rate of Staphylococcus aureusat a rate of 28.8% andMicrococcusshows the least percent 5%. The present study concluded that mastitis was a major health problem of dairy cows in the area whichundoubtedlyaffectproductivity of dairy industry and hence warrants serious attention.


Subtitle: You may be too tired to fly -- and not even know it. Here's what you need to know to stay alert and on task.


Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) represents a significant burden in ageing men due to frequently associated lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), which may impair quality of life. BPH is also a progressive disease, mainly characterized by a deterioration of LUTS over time, and in some patients by the occurrence of serious outcomes such as acute urinary retention (AUR) and need for BPH‐related surgery. The goals of therapy for BPH are not only to improve bothersome LUTS but also to identify those patients at risk of unfavourable outcomes, to optimize their management.


IMPT plans with various multi-angle beams were planned by the Varian Eclipse treatment planning system for one case of brain cancer. Dose distributions for each plan, along with the associated linear energy transfer distributions, were recomputed using an in-house fast Monte Carlo dose calculator with a FRBE of 1.1 or with a previously published VRBE model. We then compared dosimetric parameters obtained by the VRBE with those obtained by the FRBE. Biological doses obtained by the VRBE for the clinical target volume in all plans were 1% - 2% larger than those obtained by the FRBE. The minimum dose obtained by the VRBE for the right optic nerve in the MFO IMPT with 4 fields was 70% larger than that obtained by the FRBE, but the difference was only 18.1 cGy (RBE). The difference in maximum dose for the right optic nerve in the MFO IMPT with 5 fields was less than 10.4%, but the difference was 131.8 cGy (RBE). The mean difference in maximum dose was less than 2% for all other organs at risk. We found that biological dose with the FRBE had any dose errors in IMPT with various multi-angle beams.


Testicular heat stress due to increasing summer temperatures negatively impacts spermatogenesis reducing semen quality in boars. Scrotal insulation (SI) can mimic summer heat stress. Our hypothesis is that PG600 can mitigate heat stress in boars. PG600 is human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and equine chorionic gonadotropin (ECG) which have LH- and FSH-like effects respectively. During spermatogenesis, LH impacts testosterone production by Leydig cells and FSH impacts Sertoli cells to produce androgen receptors, inhibit apoptotic signals and sustain spermatogenesis. Eight boars (8–12 months of age) were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: SI + saline or SI + PG600. The SI was applied for 48 hrs. Injections were administered 24 hrs prior to SI application and again at onset of SI. PG600 was given at a standard gilt dose to induce puberty. Semen was collected every M-W-F for two weeks prior to treatment and 44 days post-treatment. Semen was evaluated for nuclear head shape via Fourier harmonic analysis (FHA) described as Harmonic amplitudes 0–5 (HA0-5). Semen for each collection day post-treatment was compared to the average of the semen collection days pre-treatment, described as day 0. Scrotal insulation produced a 3.7°C increase in average scrotal temperature for 48 hrs. Post-SI + saline, HA0 decreased on days 21–33 (P < 0.05), HA1 increased on day 30 (P < 0.05), HA2 decreased on day 35 (P < 0.05), HA3 increased on days 21–33 (P < 0.05), HA4 increased on days 21–26 (P < 0.05), and HA5 increased on days 21–30 (P < 0.05). Post-SI + PG600, decreased the number of days post-SI when changes in harmonic amplitudes were seen (P < 0.05) as well as the magnitude of the response (P < 0.05). PG600 was for the first time shown to significantly mitigated the response of boars to SI and testicular heat stress. Increased doses of PG600 may improve results.


type="main" xml:id="twec12123-abs-0001"> The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a new negotiation on cross-border liberalisation of goods and service flows going beyond WTO disciplines and focused on issues such as regulation and border controls. This paper uses numerical simulation methods to assess the potential effects of a TPP agreement on China and also China's inclusion or exclusion on other countries. We use a numerical 11-country global general equilibrium model with trade costs and inside money. Trade costs are calculated using a method based on gravity equations. TPP barriers potentially removable are trade costs less tariffs. Simulation results reveal that China will be slightly hurt by TPP initiatives in welfare when China is out, but the total production and export will be increased. Other non-TPP countries will be mostly hurt in welfare, but member countries will mostly gain. If China takes part in TPP, she will significantly gain and increase other TPP countries' gain as well. The comparison of TPP effects and global free trade effects show that the positive effects of global free trade are stronger than TPP effects. Japan's joining TPP would be beneficial to both herself and most of other TPP countries, but which negative effects on China's welfare when out of TPP will increase further.


Many recent researchers evaluate "Goo-Woon-Mong" not only does not properly succeed the tragic feeling old biographic novels contained, but also distorted even. "Goo-Woon-Mong" utilized the tragic motifs of biographic novels but it restructured the end with happiness by ignoring the social reality. However, "Goo-Woon-Mong" sincerely reflects the issues of human life and desire in the different dimension from other biographic novels because its achievement and meaning should not be treated only with difference of its simple end. The Jeongisoseol(傳奇小說) writers create novels at the dimension of uttering the grudge of isolated intellectual other than with perception for the literal benefit of novel as a fiction. Therefore, biographic novels consist of discontent of isolated intellectuals sensing in the reality, but it has little possibility of converting into the strength which can give an impact on the society. However, "Goo-Woon-Mong" preciously and realistically shaped various types of sexual desires and relate psychological feelings through Yang, So-Yoo's open love affairs. As a result, "Goo-Woon-Mong" created many negative effects tabooed under the Confucius ethics, social customs and system oppressed the sexual desire whether or not the writer intended. Such effects of "Goo-Woon-Mong" are the products of the novel aesthetics achievement which the writer Seo, Porealistically described the world of desire Yang, So-Yoo pursued through the paradoxical structure of empty dream. "Goo-Woon-Mong" is the work of sincere agony and search about what are desire and life of humans and what to pursue in their living ultimately by reappearing the common desire of humans. We could say that there is no other work handled the philosophical or presentational problems deeper than "Goo-Woon-Mong" among our old novels. However, in the view of novel history, the real value and meaning of "Goo-Woon-Mong" are to be found from the novel aesthetic result other than from awareness of the main subject the work consists. The writer Seo Po secured the novel interest and truth at the same time for "Goo-Woon-Mong" by minute structure, creation of dramatic scene, securing details in ordinary life and minimal phenomena and realistic re-appearance of sexual desire on the basis of the clear perception providing the readers inspiration and lessons. "Goo-Woon-Mong" is to be valued high for this perspective, and the depth of philosophical and perceptional issues is not to be forgotten for the readers through such novel aesthetic achievement.


In this paper we present a new solution of the star-triangle relation having positive Boltzmann weights. The solution defines an exactly solvable two-dimensional Ising-type (edge interaction) model of statistical mechanics where the local"spin variables"can take arbitrary integer values, i.e., the number of possible spin states at each site of the lattice is infinite. There is also an equivalent"dual"formulation of the model, where the spins take continuous real values on the circle. From algebraic point of view this model is closely related to the to the 6-vertex model. It is connected with the construction of an intertwiner for two infinite-dimensional representations of the quantum affine algebra $U_q(\widehat{sl}(2))$ without the highest and lowest weights. The partition function of the model in the large lattice limit is calculated by the inversion relation method. Amazingly, it coincides with the partition function of the off-critical 8-vertex free-fermion model.


Many practical optimization problems can be classified as large-scale global optimization problems (LSOP). Various cooperative co-evolutionary (CC) algorithms have been proposed to combat the challenges of LSOPs. When CC algorithms are applied to large scale optimization problems, the effects of inter-connected variables, known as variable dependencies, can cause major performance degradation. Current literature provides different approaches to decomposing large-scale problems with variable dependencies during optimization using a wide range of base optimizers. In this paper, a cooperative particle swarm optimization (CPSO) algorithm is used as the base optimizer in a scalability study with a range of decomposition methods to determine ideal divide-and-conquer approaches when using a CPSO. Experimental results demonstrate that a variety of dynamic regrouping of variables, seen in the merging CPSO (MCPSO) and decomposition CPSO (DCPSO), as well varying total fitness evaluations per dimension, results in high-quality solutions when compared to six state-of-the-art decomposition approaches.


With the development of higher education,the relationship between higher education and economy tends to be complicated and diversified.At the stage of mass education,the economic purposes of higher education becomes more and more significant,which is sure to push economic gronth,though its function conditioned.Beginning with an interpretation of the notion of the generalization of higher education,this paper expounds the relationship between higher education and market economy and economic growth and reveals how higher education and economy are interconnected.At present,as China is striding forward toward mass education,it wohld be helpful to reflect on how to bring these economic functions into full play.


Combining production,teaching and research is one of the direct effective paths of developing talents with capabilities of applying technology and management experience in higher polytechnic colleges.Moreover,it is also the most direct way closely related with the development of local economy.Truly realizing the combination of production,teaching and research can be explored from two aspects,that is,both the society and polytechnic colleges should make efforts to realize the aim under current educational resources available,thus the aim of cultivating talents in polytechnic colleges,improving students' capabilities of adapting to posts and doing pioneering work after graduation and training technology application oriented talents needed by enterprises to promote the local economic and social development can be fulfilled better.


Japan has a plenitude of maps on display to the public . Some of them are utilitarian "land diagrams" that have b een designed simply to help people find places , but others also serve as advertisements or explanations and have pictorial embellishments . Six examples of the former and twelve of the latter are reproduced and commented on in this study , which aims to explain the artistic side of such maps by categorizing the types of illustrations (abstract symbols, symbolic resemblances, idealized portraits , realistic portraits, and cartoon characters) and to establish links between the contemporary embellished maps and Japanese maps from the past, as well as to styles of pictorial art that have flourished in the history of Japanese art ,


Accumulating experimental evidence strongly supports a role for inflammatory, innate immune and adaptive immune mechanisms in many facets of vascular disease.1 This brief review will highlight recently published insights into inflammation and immune system involvement in stroke biomarker identification, atherosclerosis, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation, thrombosis, ischemic tolerance, progression of ischemic brain injury, and peristroke infections.

Inflammation plays a role in the genesis of brain ischemia and inflammatory processes and may facilitate serious and life-threatening complications in stroke patients.2 However, efforts to disentangle good from bad effects of inflammation in cerebrovascular disease reveal frequent discrepancies between preclinical and clinical data. A clinical goal for several decades has been the identification of reliable inflammatory biomarkers of impending stroke in asymptomatic subjects and clinical prognosis in stroke patients. So far, most markers have shown moderate utility at the bedside as the result of low sensitivity and specificity. The list of biomarkers includes high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen, serum amyloid A, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, P-selectin, sCD40L, myeloperoxidase, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-8. Novel markers evaluated in 2005 are PARK7,3 nucleoside diphosphate kinase A (NDKA),3 and adiponectin.4 PARK7 is a redox-sensitive molecular chaperone activated by oxidative stress; it increases within 30 minutes to 3 hours of stroke onset. Sensitivities are of 54% to 91%, for PARK7, and 70% to 90%, for NDKA, and specificities are 80% to 97%, for PARK7, and 90% to 97%, for NDKA. Adiponectin is an adipocytokine with anti-inflammatory and antiatherogenic properties that correlates inversely with infarction volume and neurological impairment in acute stroke patients.4

Recent preclinical data showed that the administration of anti-TNF-α neutralizing mAb treatment in rats decreased upregulation of TNF-α in parallel with reduced infarct volume and cerebral edema …


A coated carrier polysaccharide comprising a carrier having a coating of at least two successive layers of polysaccharides, wherein a first layer of polysaccharide spontaneously associates with a second polysaccharide layer that are oppositely charged functional groups or functional groups They are engaging covalently and wherein the first and second polysaccharide layer are different polysaccharides, by their physico-chemical.


Transition of a compact star into the third family for an equation of state (EoS) featuring mass twins is considered. The energy released at a baryon number conserving transition for static compact stars configurations is computed for two sets of models for comparison. The EoS of choice is the density dependent functional DD2 EoS with excluded model correction for hadronic matter which suffers a phase transition into deconfined quark matter described by a constant speed of sound approach. The two sets of EoS models feature different compact star mass onsets that maximize the energy and radius difference at the transition while simultaneously fulfilling state-of-the-art constraints from multi-messenger astronomy and empirical nuclear data. It is found that the maximal energy budget at the transitions falls in the range of $10^{49}$ - $10^{52}$ ergs.


Ad-hoc networking got a lot of momentum in network research over the past couple of years. The vision of being independent from managed infrastructure led to many interesting research questions and ...


create a condition' of lung so distinctly inicrobic as that observed in tuberculosis. Whlere pleuirisy lhas followed inijutry and becoimie Luberculous, it is 'just possible tlle followingo hias taken place : Klowvinig the hiiglh percentage of l)leurisies whliclh atec tuberculouis fromii the first or becollme so, it would appoeLr as if a Iinlited patchl of ttuberele situLated und(ler thie visceral layer of tlhe pleura had, as a result of injury to the cliest wall, becorne activated, anid the germiis fro1n their proximjity lhad inifected tlle pleuira, or, as a resuilt of shocli to the system by thle inijury, the resistance ot tlhe body generally and of the ilung locally hiad becomle reducetl, the cntranice of the tuiberele bacillus inlto the body favoured, and the way miiade easier for the developilmelit and miultiplication of thle micIirobe, wviose presence. tlherein would thierefore be not a dlirect sequence of the injuiry, buLt sim1ply incidental to it. Tuberlc lebacilli liave been found in the blood of persons -who lhave suffered or wlio liave died forom tuberculosis. It is tlius we seeck to explain the disseminated miliiary lesions in acute tubercfilosia. Tlhe presenic of ttibercle bacilli in tihe bloo(d lias bcen shiowvn experimienitally and the blootd of tt'ectC(l wci'slslienl injected inito guinea-pigs hias in(luced in thiemi tnb'-rculosis. KuLrashige, a ,Japanese. founid tuiberclc bacBili Inot onlv in tube3rculous patients, btit taking tlii itv-fotnr apptarently healthy personshle fotunid tIme mlicroorgzanisin preselit in tNvenity. Within Cight m.1onthis afterWva dls tlhrec of these developed tuberculosis. If we admllit that tuibercle bacillaeinia is a imlore frequent coid(lition than is genievally sutpposed the consequence of inijury to the chlest wall cani be readily im:mg,ined. Onl this point, lhowever, we inust niot be carried away too miul-ichl by imicroscopical findings, for acid-fast resistilln bacilli, closely resenibling the s1)ecitie iniro-oIgrallislns inI qItuestioin, may bc founll(d in other cond(litions than tuibercle. imey are oC:asiotially found.1(l fOL' ex-aiple, in distilled w-;ater. To r'em1iove (dtoIbt D)r. Slade, baeterio!oaist to thie 1ttoyal Victoria Inirniiary, Newcastle, atid myself carried ouit a seriies of ex)erimnents. WVe took blood fromi1 several pa,.tiei)ts in all stages of pLliuioloary consunpl)tion, whose oxp)ectoratioli contained tubercle bacilli in larcg nimiibers; unld after following out rigidly tie technique recommuended, in lnonie of t..e fitnis (litd eldetect wVell-feited thberclo bacilli. Now andl again. we foutil(n wlhat m11iht, hlave becen bacillary de'bris. Nor wvas the injectioni ot tihe blood of tlfected Lpatients followed by tubercutlosis in tIme guineapigs wl o received the blood. 'TIlese Cir.CUnmstances iii(licated to us th1at if tuiberele bacilli are preselnt in the l)lood they are extremilely few and thierefor-e (lifficult to find ; in a word, tubercle bacillaemiiia is iiot of frequenit occurrence. 'T'he relationshlip of traumatism and(I tuibercuilosis may be expressecl tlius: Tube->rculosis (levelops in a person whio, until the accidenit, was believed to ba quiite hlealtlhy; a latent tuberculosis is roused into activity by thle accident; a tuberculous lesion becomies localizedl at the,site of :njury, th1e m-icro-organiismes having been carried tlhithier from a focus elswvlhere in thle body, or inijury hias simply aggravated a localized lesioni wlichl wxas previously present. Althou1gh tieCre is no tuiberculosis with1outt the tibericle bacillus, tie part played by thle conidition of thc l)o(ly, as exemiplified in geniieal and local resistance, caniot be ignored, and it is hiere that inijury, by reducing resistance. comes in as a possible factor in tthe developnient of tlhe disease.


This paper develops a dynamic discrete-choice model to analyze the exporting decisions of Chinese firms in Zhejiang province. The results show that sunk costs are found to be significant and prior export experience, productivity, scale, FDI, export spillovers, coastal area and economic zones are all positively related with the propensity of exporting while state ownership concentration has a negative impact. The export behavior of firms varies with country-specific characteristics.


The utilization of modal frequency sensors is a feasible and effective way to monitor the settlement problem of the transmission tower foundation. However, the uncertainties and interference in the real operation environment of transmission towers highly affect the accuracy and identification of modal frequency sensors. In order to reduce the interference of modal frequency sensors for transmission towers, a Kriging surrogate model is proposed in this study. The finite element model of typical transmission towers is created and validated to provide the effective original database for the Kriging surrogate model. The prediction accuracy and convergences of the Kriging surrogate model are measured and confirmed. Besides the merits in computational cost and high-efficiency, the Kriging surrogate model is proven to have a satisfied and robust interference reduction capacity. Therefore, the Kriging surrogate model is feasible and competitive for interference filtration in the settlement surveillance sensors of steel transmission towers.


Abstract This paper aims to examine solvency and fixed assets financing of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing sector (Sector A) in the Republic of Serbia. We also examine whether there is a difference between this Sector's enterprises and entrepreneurs regarding these two aspects of their financial position. The research is based on the Financial Statements Annual Bulletins available on the official website of the Serbian Business Registers Agency. The period of six consecutive years is covered (2013-2018). Solvency and fixed assets financing were analyzed separately for Sector A enterprises and entrepreneurs. Standard ratio indicators were used to determine these relevant aspects of financial position. The conducted analysis showed differences between this Sector's enterprises and entrepreneurs regarding the solvency. The research results revealed that, despite a slight improvement in certain solvency indicators, entrepreneurs were insolvent during the observed period. The fixed assets financing indicators showed that the lack of equity for new investments financing was compensated mainly by long-term borrowing at enterprises' level and by short-term borrowed sources at entrepreneurs' level.


Abstract This paper presents an algorithm for generating association rules from a given large database consisting of inputs and outputs of a 330 MW coalfired thermal power plant. The input parameters include fuel properties, operational parameters of the boiler, and the conditions on the stack. The outputs include emissions and heat losses along with the thermal efficiency of the power plant. The data has been collected at different power ratings of the plant ranging from 145 MW to 330 MW. A counting based algorithm is developed and presented in this paper that automatically determines the underlying correlations between the input and the output parameters of the plant's operation. Furthermore, the algorithm generates all significant quantitative association rules that can be established between various inputs and outputs. Such association rules can in turn be used for designing an effective and robust control system for the plant.


The concept of using gassy unminable coalbeds for carbon dioxide (CO2) storage while concurrently initiating and enhancing coalbed methane production may be a viable near-term system for industry consideration. Coal is our most abundant and cheapest fossil fuel resource, and it has played a vital role in the stability and growth of the US economy. With the burning of coal in power plants, the energy source is also one of the fuels causing large CO2 emissions. In the near future, coal may also have a role in solving environmental greenhouse gas concerns with increasing CO2 emissions throughout the world. Coal resources may be an acceptable and significant {open_quotes}geological sink{close_quotes} for storing CO2 emissions in amenable unminable coalbeds while at the same time producing natural gas from gassy coalbeds. Industry proprietary research has shown that the recovery of coalbed methane can be enhanced by the injection of CO2 via well bores into coal deposits. Gassy coals generally have shown a 2:1 coal-absorption selectivity for CO2 over methane which could allow for the potential of targeting unminable coals near fossil fueled power plants to be utilized for storing stack gas CO2. Preliminary technical and economic assessments of this concept appear to meritmore » further research leading to pilot demonstrations in selected re ions of the US.« less


Objective To pursue the posterior pedicle screw placement technique of atlas. Methods 50 dry atlas and axis specimens were used to measure anatomic data relative to atlas pedicle screw placement technique with an electronic digital caliper. Results The average distance from the central point of C2 inferior articular process to the midline was 19.21 mm, and the distance from the atlas pedicle screw entry point to the midline was 19.61 mm, the difference between them was only 0.40 mm. Conclusions The central point of C2 inferior articular process is a key anatomic landmark for accurate placement of C1 pedicle screws.


Abstract : This unclassified study evaluates the intelligence support the Army received from national intelligence agencies during JUST CAUSE and the Gulf War by using the seven characteristics of intelligence quality found in Joint Pub 2- 0. The new national military strategy anticipates a less defined threat than during the Cold War. Also, downsizing pressures will proportionately reduce national and service intelligence support to the combatant CINCs and the services. This situation will require the Army to rely more than ever on national reconnaissance to support its warfighting intelligence needs. A review of the Gulf War and JUST CAUSE indicates that although national intelligence has the capability to answer many tactical and operational reconnaissance questions, it generally fails to do so. The reasons are that national intelligence is focused to serve senior government policy makers not warfighters. National intelligence products are often caveated by differing analytic assessments that in effect are either ill-suited or cause confusion for tactical commanders. Finally, joint doctrine did not clearly set out coordination procedures or the process by which national reconnaissance is transmitted to tactical users in a timely manner. National Reconnaissance, Imagery, SIGINT, Gulf War, JUST CAUSE.


The paper investigates unsteady natural convection flow through a vertical channel due to the combined effects of variable viscosity and thermal radiation. The fluid considered in this study is an optically dense viscous incompressible fluid with all its properties assumed to be constant except for its viscosity which depends linearly with its temperature. Non-linear Rosseland approximation is used to describe the radiative heat flux in the energy equation. The mathematical model capturing the present physical situation is highly non-linear due to the presence of thermal radiation effects. The governing equations for the flow formation are solved by the Adomian decomposition method (ADM). Effects of the controlling physical parameters involved in the velocity and temperature fields are presented graphically and discussed. In the course of investigation, it was found that; the fluid velocity increases with increase in thermal radiation and viscosity variation parameters while the fluid temperature increases with increase in thermal radiation.


This paper discusses the academic practices of the Programa de Ensino Tutorial (PET – Tutorial Teaching Program), a group composed of Architecture and City Planning students of the Pontificia Universidade Catolica de Campinas (SP). It reports the experiences resulting from an agreement between the University and the Municipal Government of Campinas to devise a linear park project. It seeks to reflect on the potential of such agreements as a means to develop both research and teaching practices based on projects involving different city planning agencies on a city scale. Additionally, it brings forth critical reflections on the creation of linear parks as a strategy to rehabilitate urban landscape and contribute to structure the open space system of the city of Campinas.


Rock wall crane beam is the key item of underground powerhouse at Renzonghai reservoir hydropower station and its construction is very difficult.Quality of rock bench excavation is most important to rock wall crane beam excavation,which affects directly to monolithic stability and performance of the beam.Excavation method and quality control for rock wall crane beam in underground powerhouse at Renzonghai hydropower station is described here.


—Security has always been a prominent concern over the network, and various essential requirements are required to cater to an efficient security system. Non-repudiation is a requirement about the non-deniability of services acting as a bridge between seamless relaying of service/data and efficient security implementation. There have been various studies carried out towards strengthening the non-repudiation system. There are certain pitfalls that render inapplicability on dynamic cases of vulnerability. The conventional two-party non-repudiation schemes have been widely explored in the existing literature. But this paper also advocates the adoption of multi-party computation, which has better feasibility toward strengthening a distributed security system. The current work presents a survey on the existing approaches of non-repudiation to investigate its effectiveness in the multi-party system. The prime aim of the proposed work is to analyze the current research progress and draw a research gap as the prominent contribution of the proposed study. The manuscript begins by highlighting the issues concerning multi-party strategies and cryptographic approaches, and the security requirements and standardization are briefly discussed. It then describes the essentials of non-repudiation and examines state-of-the-art mechanisms. Finally, the study summarizes and discusses research gaps identified through the review analysis.


Abstract: manufacture of paper feed rollers more accurate and more expensive the paper feed roller having no high precision connecting portion to the roller part by the extrusion molding method is to allow high mass produced using hydraulic composition an object of the present invention to provide a method. And A rotating axis, a method for producing a paper feed roller made of integrated cylindrical roller portion in the outer periphery of the rotary shaft, the roller portion was extruded hydraulic composition, curing, curing method for producing a paper feed roller and forming by.


One of the objectives of mathematics learning is to improve the mathematical connection abilities on students. However, our observations showed that the mathematical connection abilities on students at MTs Pancasila, Bengkulu was still poor. This encourages the need for a learning strategy which is able to direct students to connect with what they have learned into everyday lives. Therefore, this study aimed to examine students' ability in understanding mathematical concepts to solve problems related to cubes and rectangular prism topic. This was qualitative study with the REACT strategy. Cubes and rectangular prism was one of the mathematics topics of the basic competencies which have to be mastered by students in grade VIII. The subjects were 20 students who took the test and seven students who were randomly selected to be interviewed. Data collection included test of understanding the concept in essay form which was previously validated. Based on the results of students' answers, 20 students have been able to connect between mathematics problems with the learned mathematics topic, the density topic in physics with the volume cube topic, and the question problems with everyday issues. However, it was also found that some students answered the questions with different procedures.


Microwave irradiation technique was applied to the preparation of SnO2 nanocrystals by hydrolyzing tin(IV) chloride. The crystallization time was shortened drastically to 11 min from several hours for typical hydrothermal synthesis. The synthesized products were characterized by XRD, TEM, and TG‐DTA. The size of crystals changed from 3 to 24 nm when power and time of microwave irradiation, as well as the difference in calcination temperatures were varied, indicating a possibility for controlling the crystal size. The use of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a protective agent effectively prevented the synthesized particles from agglomeration and favored formation of spherical particles. The catalytic activity of the SnO2 nanocrystals for the esterification of acetic acid with ethanol was also studied.


Permafrost characteristics and its distribution are of great importance for systematically understanding regional climate and environmental changes, ecological- hydrological processes, water resources assessment, infrastructure constructions and resource development over the Heihe River Basin. Extensive field drilling and investigation of permafrost conditions were conducted during the summers of 2011 and 2012 over the upper reaches of Heihe River Basin in the middle range of Qilian Mts. in western China. Based on borehole core samples information and temperature profiles measured several months after the completion of drilling, it is found that the lower boundary of permafrost is between 3650 and 3700 m a. s. l. Due to the short span of the latitude within the study area, spatial changes in permafrost conditions are mainly controlled by altitude. Mean annual ground temperatures (MAGTs) at 20-m depth increases from -1.74°C at 4132 m a. s. l. to -0.19°C at 3700 m and 0.17°C at 3650 m a. s. l., respectively. The active layer thickness (ALT) varies from 1.6 m at 4132 m a. s. l. to 3.9 m at 3700 m a. s. l. Permafrost thickness decreases from 111.6 m at 4132 m a. s. l. to 13.0 m at 3700 m a. s. l. At the same time, the other local factors, such as slope, aspects, soil type, soil water content, vegetation, and river channels, may also have significant impact on permafrost conditions. Permafrost regions occupy approximately 1.43-1.50 ×10 4 km 2 , or 10.5-11.0% of the Heihe River Basin.


How many of the world's research articles can be read for free by anyone anywhere? This "opening" of the scholarly record is a herculean task of global importance for research and society, being championed by groups around the world from universities to libraries, governments, research funders and publishers.


Damage in composite materials accumulates in a diffuse manner. Accounting for this damage in a progressive failure analysis requires an accurate measure of the degraded stiffness coefficients. This paper describes micromechanics models for predicting the effect of distributed cracks on the engineering properties (extensional moduli, shear moduli, and Poisson's ratios). Quasi-3D and 3D finite element methods were employed to determine the effective material properties of the cracked ply. Analyses were performed for various material systems, damage states, and adjacent (to the cracked ply) ply properties. The results show that the effective properties of cracked ply are very sensitive to the initial properties of a cracked ply. These properties are also found to be sensitive to the adjacent ply properties and orientation. However, they are not much affected by cracks in the adjacent plies. Relationships describing the sensitivity of the effective properties to the adjacent ply properties and the initial properties of a cracked ply were obtained. These relationships are useful for explaining the degradation behavior of laminates. Quantitative measures are presented for the errors introduced when shear-extension-coupling terms are ignored when calculating effective properties. Also, it was proven that transverse matrix cracks only affect the diagonal terms in the effective compliance matrix for certain configurations.


Edge intelligence has emerged as a prevalent enabling technology to support various intelligent applications. Along with the prosperity, it also raises great concern on the security and privacy since the edge servers are usually shared and untrusted. The security-sensitive code (i.e., the pre-trained model) and data may be easily stolen by malicious tenants, and even untrusted infrastructure providers. To this end, Software Guard Extensions (SGX) is proposed to provide an isolated Trust Execution Environment (TEE) for security and privacy guarantee. However, we find that running tasks in SGX suffer certain performance degradation due to the limited Enclave Page Cache (EPC) size. This further leads to frequent page swapping operations and the high enclave call overhead, which are also influenced by the task (i.e., DNN layer) dispatching and scheduling. To this end, in this paper, we design <bold>Lasagna</bold>, as an SGX based secure DNN inference acceleration framework, which explores the layered-structure of DNN models to well balance the usage of the scarce EPC resources and the computation resources. Lasagna mainly consists of a global task balancer and a local task scheduler, responding for task dispatching across distributed edge servers and task scheduling in local server, respectively. We evaluate Lasagna over different well-known DNN models, and the results show that Lasagna effectively speeds up the inference performance by <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.11\times -1.51\times$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn>11</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn>51</mml:mn><mml:mo>×</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="zeng-ieq1-3187772.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>.


In this paper, we report the experimental study on novel DNA separation using electrode-embedded microchannel. A microchannel with an interdigitated electrode on the wall was developed for investigation. The experiment was carried out with flowing solution including λDNA by pressure driven flow. DC voltage of ∼2 V was applied to the interdigitated electrode. Under the ideal condition, λDNA is trapped on electrode and released from it stochastically. From the observation, it was found that the velocity of λDNA was decreased by the electric field when it approached to a positive electrode. Furthermore, we theoretically estimated the trajectory of flowing λDNA in the microchannel. Comparing the experimental and theoretical results, it was found that the electric field by the interdigitated electrodes was shielded by electrolyte in the solution.Copyright © 2011 by JSME


The african genus Bolbocoris is revised. The seven species are described, redescribed and keyed. One species, Bolbocoris saileri, is new for the science.


In this paper we discuss the path integral representations for the coordinate systems on the complex sphere S3C. The Schroedinger equation, respectively the path integral, separates in exactly 21 orthogonal coordinate systems. We enumerate these coordinate systems and we are able to present the path integral representations explicitly in the majority of the cases. In each solution the expansion into the wave-functions is stated. Also, the kernel and the corresponding Green function can be stated in closed form in terms of the invariant distance on the sphere, respectively on the hyperboloid.


High frequency high power transformers used in power electronic converters are frequently subjected to non-sinusoidal excitations. The main purpose of this paper is to study the effects of some general arbitrary waveforms on magnetic core loss in these transformers. First, using well-known empirical equations, general expressions were derived based on the parameters of the waveforms. Second, the impacts of different orders of voltage harmonics were investigated. Finally, capabilities of nanocrystalline and amorphous magnetic materials were compared. It is shown that the loss inside the core is highly sensitive to the rise time and duty cycle of trapezoidal and rectangular waveforms, respectively. Furthermore, although amorphous materials have higher saturation flux density, the total core loss inside the transformer designed using nanocrystalline material is considerably lower than the similar transformer with amorphous materials.


Yang Dongchun was an early Marxist of China,and a famous historian in indefatigably 1930s and 1940s.At the same time,he was more an educationist working for Chinese education for nearly 30 years.He worked at the secondary school and university in succession,and Central China Normal College was his last place implementing education management directly.Here,as a scholarly and pragmatic leader,he brought the college new appearances.Thus,centering on his tenure in Central China Normal University,we can see more clearly his deep thinking about the educational management.This thesis analyses his practices of educational management and characteristics of his ideology,from the aspects of his management for college's teaching,scientific research,external exchange and so on.


The roof collapse of deep cavities has been investigated only under fully dry or saturated conditions. However, natural soils are largely unsaturated, and consequently, their mechanical behavior is significantly different owing to the presence of matric suction. In this study, a novel analytical solution for the roof collapse of deep cavities in unsaturated soils is developed based on the upper bound theorem and the nonlinear Mohr–Coulomb criterion, and the width of a cavity with an arbitrary shape at collapse is derived. Subsequently, a parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of water retention properties, effective cohesion, friction angle, supporting pressure, and nonlinear coefficient on the safety factors of rectangular deep cavities. It is found that matric suction and soil type have significant influences on the stability of deep cavities. There is a peak for the safety factors of deep cavities as the matric suction increases when the water‐holding capacity of the soil is low. This novel analytical solution provides a new insight into the stability of deep cavities in unsaturated soils.


ABSTRACT Students in "community" (nondenominational) Jewish high schools represent a diversity of denominational affiliations, including those who affiliate with more than one denomination and those that affiliate with none. These schools strive to create communities in which students with varying Jewish beliefs and practices are, at the very least, respected and comfortable. At the same time, schools work to avoid internal Jewish communal fragmentation. In this article, the approach to diversity in three such high schools is compared. Each school, in addition to presenting an approach distinct from the others, has created opportunities for communal Jewish engagement through the enactment of practices that are rooted in Judaism and in the ethos of the school, and allow individualization within universal participation. Further, the range of approaches to Jewish diversity exhibited raises questions about pluralism as it relates to the Jewish educational goals of these schools.


PCVCQB7 was amplified from lung samples porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome(PDNS)directly by PCR and sequenced.It is located in ORF2 of PCV type 2(PCV2)and is 624bp length.By comparison of PCVCQB7 and PCV,its nucleotides identities are above 80%(PCV2)and below 66%(PCV1),while its nucleotides and amino acids identities are above 94% and 90% with isolates from PDNS.Phylogenetic tree based on PCVCQB7 nucleotide sequence by Maximum likelihood shows that the PCVCQB7 is located in PCV2 major branch and forms a minor branch with Imp.1147,304,375,24657_NL,QD,GD-TS,SH isolates from European and China.It is concluded that PCVCQb7 is ORF2 segment of PCV2 caused PDNS.


PURPOSE: providing evidence about the possible contribution of scripts to the narrative development of a group of children with Specific Language Impairment and narrative deficit. METHODS: a program for script-based narrative development intervention is submitted. Twelve preschool children with Specific Language Impairment participated in the current study. They were divided at random in two groups. The intervention was developed in one of these groups and, the other was the control group (mean age of 4;5 for both groups). RESULTS: all children in the experimental group significantly increased their narrative development. Including 50% of them that achieved a narrative level corresponding to their chronological age. No significant increase was noted in the control group. CONCLUSION: the present study shows that using scripts in children with Specific Language Impairment and narrative deficit may be successful in helping them to overcome their difficulties in narrative performance.


I have to address you to-night on the subject of "Democracy and Economic Affairs." It is a platitude that we are living in critical and responsible times; critical because the problems can be held up while we are discussing them, only to a limited extent. So many of the problems in the past have perhaps improved while they have been discussed; those of the present could easily be progressively deteriorating while they are being discussed, and so we get into what the journalist describes as a "vicious spiral," and find that situations which were manageable under ordinary circumstances get into altogether new relations and new proportions, and require dangerous remedies. We also find, if we do nothing, or if we try only small doses of remedies, that we may not be acting for the best. Then we know that the forces which are to be controlled often lie beyond the boundaries of any one nation, and affect vast populations, and yet we have not yet invented a satisfactory international control over these economic m...


A study on the influence of nitrogen (N) (100, 200, 300 and 400 mgNL-l
) and potassium (K) (100, 200 and
400 mgKL-l) combinations in solution using the nutrient film technique, hydroponic system on the root cation
exchange capacity (GE.G) of lettuce plant (Lactuca sativa var crispa cv. Poly) was undertaken. Roots were
sampled on the 20th, 30th and 40th day after germination.
Significant increase in roots GE. Cfrom 39.4 7 to 51.11 cmol(+)kgl due to the N level was only detected on
the 40th day of sampling. However, increasing the k concentration in nutrient solution at the three sampling
times significantly decreased the root GE.C values from 29.48-57.00 to 23.25-35.92 cmol(+)kgl
. Root GE.C
increased from 27.1 7 to 46.23 cmol(+)kg1 with plant growth stage.


The terminalis nerve (TN) has been described in all vertebrate species, in which it plays important roles in animal behavior and physiology. In teleost fish, the TN is located in the olfactory bulb and in its nerve tract. Here, we report a study on the characterization of the TN cell development, axon projection and physiology in zebrafish (Danio rerio). We have generated several lines of transgenic zebrafish [Tg (GnRH‐3::GFP)] that express GFP in the TN cells. The transgenes are expressed under the transcriptional control of the zebrafish GnRH‐3 promoter. During development, the first GFP‐positive TN cell was identified at approximately 34 h post‐fertilization (hpf). By 38 hpf, several clusters of TN cells were identified in the olfactory bulb and olfactory nerve tract. In the olfactory bulb, the TN cells projected axons caudally. In the forebrain, some of the TN axons extended caudally, but most crossed the midline of the brain at the commissural anterior. In the midbrain, some of the TN axons extended dorsally towards the tectum, whereas other axons extended caudally, or extended ventrally to the optic nerve where they entered the neural retina. We also examined the cell membrane property of the TN cells. Using patch‐clamp techniques, we recorded spontaneous and evoked action potentials from isolated TN cells. We examined the expression of glutamate receptors in the TN cells. The data shed light on the mechanisms of TN function in the nervous system and in the regulation of animal physiology. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 608–615, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This paper is concerned with the optimal deconvolution problem for discrete-time systems with random delayed observations. When the random delay is known online, i.e., time stamped, the random delayed system is reconstructed as an equivalent delay-free one by using measurement reorganization technique, and then an optimal recursive white-noise estimator is presented based on the stochastic Kalman filtering theory. The obtained estimator is indeed a fixed-point white-noise smoother, which is with time-varying, stochastic gains, and is optimal for any packet delay generating process. Also, a fixed-lag white-noise smoother is developed according to the fixed-point one. Finally, the simulation results are given which support and illustrate the theoretical developments.


Traditionally, theoretical foundations in data structuresand algorithms (DSA) courses have been covered throughlectures followed by tutorials, where students practise theirunderstanding on pen-and- ...


ABSTRACT Differences in Ig production were evaluated by obtaining Holstein colostrum from 3 commercial dairy herds (689 to 1,862 cows/herd) in central Pennsylvania. Colostrum was harvested from cows within 2 to 6 h postcalving, and samples were refrigerated on farms until collection by the researchers every 2 to 3 d. Data for each sample (n = 507) included cow number, lactation number, colostrum volume, and calving date. The mean concentration (mg/mL) of IgG in colostrum was affected by parity (P


Extensive research has been devoted to the quantification of left ventricular (LV) function via an elasticity metric known as elastance. Similar to a stress-strain relation, yielding stiffness, myocardial elastance is measured from the pressure-volume (PV) relation within the left ventricle. ARFI imaging has been shown to be capable of measuring myocardial stiffness changes through the cardiac cycle. As a result, a parametric analysis of ARFI imaging and the PV relation could provide additional insight into LV function and performance. The heart of a canine subject was imaged under an open chest preparation. Co-registered B-mode and M-mode ARFI imaging sequences were acquired while simultaneously recording LV pressures, and the global electrocardiogram (ECG). LV pressures were measured with a Millar Instruments pressure catheter, and LV volumes were extrapolated via semi-automatic segmentation of LV chambers within the acquired two-dimensional B-mode images. The resultant temporally registered plots were examined and compared. A parametric analysis between temporally registered LV pressure, LV volume, and ARFI-induced displacement curves related myocardial stiffness to the four phases of the cardiac cycle. The parametric plots of these data indicated that the changes in myocardial stiffness generally followed the changes in LV pressures, as ARFI-induced displacements fell during isovolumic contraction and rose during isovolumic relaxation. However, the plots also showed that ARFI-induced displacements continued to rise through all of filling, while LV pressures remained relatively constant.


Attitudes are individually attributed emotions, beliefs and behavioural tendencies an individual has towards a specific abstract or concrete object. To measure the attitude of farmer members towards Farmers Producer Organizations (FPOs), need was realized to use a scale. So, Likert's summated rating scale was developed by following the methodology given by Likert (1932) and Edward (1957). After in-depth reviewing of secondary sources and discussion with primary sources, six indicators were finalized to form the items for scale development. Based on 80 judge's response 57 statements were selected for item analysis. The split half method was used to testing reliability and the reliability coefficient was 0.92. The face validity and content validity were examined. The developed final scale consists of 16 statements in which 11 were positive statements and 5 were negative statements. The developed scale was found highly reliable and valid.


When working with a field medical organization in the course of medical evacuation support for military conflicts in the conditions of mass medical care in the presence of intensive patient flows, questions arise about the relationship between the forces and means of the medical service, human resources, sufficiency of medical equipment and other necessary resources for medical care. Simulation allows optimal distribution of forces and resources of the medical service depending on the capacity and structure of health losses and is an important direction of Informatization of the medical service in peace and war. The main purpose of modeling is creating a model that would ensure the similarity of its results with real data obtained during practical activities - the various types of medical procedures, results of exercises, etc. After that, creating a model of the flow of patients in different categories, it is advisable to determine the most weaknesses in the work of the military-medical organizations, doctors ' workload and to optimize the flow of patients. Modeling allows you to remove certain links from the structure of the evacuation arm or put them together in a different sequence to obtain the optimal result, which can be achieving the best results of care, ensuring that the capacity of the evacuation arm corresponds to the incoming flow of patients, and optimal use of medical service resources.


Abstract Modelica is a powerful and flexible instrument for component-wise dynamic system modeling. Unfortunately, until now it does not provide many structures to integrate advanced control methods. This article presents a Modelica library for model-based predictive controllers with linear process models, which offers the use of several model representations in the controller for predicting the future plant outputs. As well, the controller is capable of constraints and disturbance handling. A controller block can be included easily into any Modelica model and is parameterized intuitively. The library avoids the coupling of Modelica to other software products.Thus, a contribution is made towards an integrated control system design in Modelica.


Letter from A. A. Paradis, American Airlines Asst. Secretary, to Katrine Deakins regarding SEC form for Amon Carter and children.


Metal-dielectric nanolaminates represent a class of hyperbolic metamaterials with uniaxial permittivity tensor. In this study, we critically compare permittivity extraction of nanolaminate samples using two techniques: polarized reflectometry vs. spectroscopic anisotropic ellipsometry. Both Au/MgF2 and Ag/MgF2 metal-dielectric stacks are examined. We demonstrate the applicability of the treatment of the multilayered material as a uniaxial medium and compare the derived optical parameters to those expected from the effective medium approximation. We also experimentally compare the effect of varying the material outer layer on the homogenization of the composite. Additionally, we introduce a simple empirical method of extracting the epsilon-near-zero point of the nanolaminates from normal incidence reflectance. The results of this study are useful in accurate determination of the hyperbolic material permittivity and in the ability to tune its optical properties.


The chemical microanalytical method for the determination of certain metal impurities in KBr here described, consists of the extraction of the impurities as organic complexes in chloroform, of complex destruction and chloride formation, of qualitative and semiquantitative determination by chromatographic separation and spot comparison with standard chromatograms. It is also possible to apply this method to various metal impurities diluted in the alkali halides and in matrices of different substances. Detection limits are 0.01 p.p.m. in 50-100 g of matter. The results obtained for Ni, Mn, Co, Al, Zn, Pb, Fe, Cu were satisfactory.


Two test sites, Gypsum Plain, Texas, and Cement, Oklahoma, were selected to evaluate combined use of airborne visible/infrared imaging spectrometer (AVIRIS) and thermal infrared multispectral scanner (TIMS) for detection of alteration effects associated with hydrocarbon microseepage. Bleaching of redbuds, variations in carbonate cement, replacement of gypsum, exidation of iron, and changes in clay mineralogy may correlate spatially with oil and gas production and subsurface structures. Spectral features due to iron oxides, calcite, gypsum, smectite, and kaolinite can be mapped using AVIRIS image data, using various techniques such as ratios, scene-dependent log residuals, and scene-independent radioactive transfer approach using LOWTRAN7, and with TIMSA data using DSTRETCH. Poor signal-to-noise in the 2.0-2.4 {mu}m region limited the ability to map clay, gypsum, and carbonates both at Cement and Gypsum Plain, carbonate and quartz-rich sediments at Gypsum Plain, and differentiated soils developed on the Rush Spring Sandstone from soil derived from the Cloud Chief Formation at Cement. Combined spectral and photogeologic interpretation of coregistered AVIRIS, TIMS, and Landsat TM, and digital elevation data demonstrate the practical approaches for surface oil and gas exploration using presently operational commercial aircraft and future satellite systems.


Reserves-holding policy has been a main area of concern for policy-makers, researchers, and planners since the beginning of the Bretton Woods system. As a result, issues related to the equilibrium of international reserves, its determinants, and the departure from equilibrium have been widely discussed in the debates of economic policy-making. In spite of its importance, no serious attempt has been made to work on the determinants of international reserves in the case of Pakistan. Therefore, we have made an endeavour to determine the long-run and short-run determinants of Pakistan's international reserves-holding and, hence, we hope to contribute to the literature on reserves in the case of Pakistan. We have also considered the role of monetary disequilibrium in the short-run, along with the other determinants in the explanation of international reserves-holding. In the context of cointegration-error correction framework, we have analysed Pakistan's reserve demand using the quarterly data over the period 1982:1-2003-2 and found that there exists a stable long-run reserves demand function in the case of Pakistan. The results also confirm the role of domestic monetary disequilibrium for changes in reserves in the short-run


A new global approach to coarse classification of speech segments is presented. Markov modeling is applied on an analytic approach to coarticulation. Speech signal evolution of diphone-like segments is modelized by a point moving frame by frame in a factorial space. Kinematic segmentation applied to the trajectory covered by this point enables the authors to build stochastic models of these segments. Input parameters of a Markov model are extracted from a skeleton of this trajectory considered as a functional model of overlapping segments. The evaluation of such representations in a recognition task gives some elements of discussion about the relative information contained in steady states versus transient segments and acoustical trajectories in general.<<ETX>>


We present an analysis of data for tropospheric ozone with a focus on spatial and temporal variations. Surface ozone at mid-latitudes displays two modes of seasonal behavior: a broad summer maximum within a few hundred kilometers of populated and industrialized regions in Europe and the United States and a minimum in summer or autumn in sparsely populated regions remote from industrial activity-in Tasmania and Canada for example. The current data base for different regions, in combination with limited historical data, indicates that summertime concentrations of ozone near the surface in rural areas of Europe and the central and eastern United States may have increased by approximately 6–22 ppb (20%–100%) since the 1940's. The seasonal cycle of ozone in the middle troposphere over Europe, the United States, and northern Japan is very similar to that at the surface with a summer maximum, but it is quite different from that at 300 mbar, which is characterized by a maximum in spring. There is good evidence for an increase in ozone in the middle troposphere over Europe during the past 15 years and weaker evidence for a similar increase over North America and Japan. The increase in tropospheric ozone contributes significantly to the trend in the column of ozone and may compensate for 20%–30% of the decrease in ozone in the stratosphere over middle and high latitudes of the northern hemisphere. We argue that the summer maximum in ozone and the observed trends are due to photochemical production associated with anthropogenic emissions of NOx, hydrocarbons, and CO from combustion of fossil fuels. A strong seasonal variation in ozone observed at Natal, Brazil (6°S), may also result from emissions of NOx and hydrocarbons, in this case from agricultural burning. Maximum concentrations at Natal are similar to values found at mid-latitudes in summer. Tropical ozone exhibits strong spatial and temporal variability.


antithrombotic protein, is reduced in hospitalized patients with intravascular coagulation. Blood L982; 60: 261-4. 6. Dahlbiick B. Purification of human vitamin K dependent protein S and its limited proteolysis by thrombin. Biochem J 1983; 209: 837-46. 7. Madden RM, Gill JC, Marlar RA. Protein C and protein S levels in two patients with acquired purpura fulminans. Br J Haematol 1990;75: tL2:7. 8. Dahlbiick B. Interaction between vitamin K-dependent protein S and the complement protein, Cb4-binding protein. A link between coagulation and the complement system. Semin Thromb Hemostas 1984; 10: 139-48.


Correction for 'Supramolecularly engineered phospholipids constructed by nucleobase molecular recognition: upgraded generation of phospholipids for drug delivery' by Dali Wang et al., Chem. Sci., 2015, 6, 3775–3787.


Basically the current study sought to assess the perception of students regarding the role of teacher communication skills in their academics success. Comprehensive questionnaire carrying information including social economic and demographic aspects of the study was designed by the researcher to achieve the set objectives. All those universities where sports sciences & physical education programs were offering were taken as population of the study. The empirical data regarding the role of a teacher communication skills in students' academic success were obtained from (418, thirty percent 30 from each university) samples of 14 universities of Pakistan. . The data was collected from the respondents through personally contact and by using the developed scale. After collection of data, the data was finally classified in the form of tables and regression was employed for the analysis of data. After analysis of data the researcher arrived at conclusion that teacher communication skills have significant role in the academic achievement of the students. Keywords: Communication Skills, Students Academics, Physical Education, Pakistan


Integrated bioclimatic assessment of Novosibirsk region territory based on the complex meteorological data is presented. Comfortable and uncomfortable living conditions are considered.


The article proposes a criterion for managing a robotic system, which, based on the information approach, allows to take into account the influence of uncontrolled factors and statistical connections between them in the process of obtaining information. In this article, the choice of strategy for managing a robotic system in the process of obtaining information provides an indicator that characterizes the effectiveness of management. At the same time, the presence of uncontrolled factors (obstacles, weather conditions, technical malfunctions etc.), which are taken into account in the formal mathematical model of management, leads to the dependence of the efficiency indicator not only on the chosen management strategy, but also on the values of uncontrolled factors. At the same time, both the chosen management strategy and the indicator of the efficiency of the process of obtaining information are functions from uncontrolled factors. Using the proposed criterion allows you to make the right decisions in the process of managing a robotic system in the event of the influence of uncontrolled factors. The developed criterion can be applied in the conditions of statistical dependence of uncontrolled factors and changes of states of the investigated process. This criterion does not require the construction of models based on evaluated combinations of factors, which significantly reduces the time and computing costs for decision-making in the process of managing a robotic system. Its use allows determining how much new observation will increase awareness of the robotic system in relation to the state of the process being studied. Prospects for further research may consist of modifying the existing and developing new methods for planning the use of a robotic system based on the proposed criterion.


Collision tumors are rare and there have only been a few previously described cases between an intestinal adenoma and a lymphoma. We report the first case of a 74-year-old woman who on investigation for iron deficiency had a tubulovillous adenoma with underlying follicular lymphoma. The atypical lymphoid proliferation showed immunohistochemical positivity for cluster of differentiation 20 (CD20), B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), and B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6). Subsequent right hemicolectomy showed a superficially invasive adenocarcinoma.


Beef imports began to be restricted, resulting in increased production of local calves beef encouraged to be improved. As an example of the development of local livestock is Pasundan Cattle as an indigenous cattle in West Java. Livestock productivity required a variety of factors, one of which is the quality of feed. Limitation of livestock productivity in several areas in Indonesia are low quality of feed, restricted of forage especially in dry season. A feed processing technology that might be adopted by to farmers the feed of wafers. Feed wafer processing technology is easy and cheap, and easily to stored, and easily given to livestock. The aim of this research to assess the effect of wafer feed supplement containing Leucaena leaf on the production of Pasundan calves. The research was conducted at Laboratory of Feed Industry, Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University and animal conducted on Ciamis, West Java, Indonesia. The average body weight in range 99 ± 20 kg. The design used was a randomized block design with 4 treatments and 5 blocks as replication consisting of T0 = control, T1 = conventional feed + 5% wafer feed supplement, T2 = conventional feed + 10% wafer feed supplement and T3 = conventional feed + 15% wafer feed supplement. Parameters were consumption of dry matter and protein, average body weight, final body weight and blood haematology profile. The average daily weight gain by giving 10% of wafer feed supplement to pasundan calves is 58% most highest than other treatment. Final body weight of local calves by giving 10% of wafer supplement most higest than other treatment. The final body weight by giving 10% of wafer supplement around 14% higher than giving conventional feed.


With the expansion of the service function of retailing,services provided by large retailers has been beyond its original scope and these retailers have become the main bodies to receive the service outsourcing from manufacturers. The author investigates the market orientation and choices of pattern between manufactures and retailers from the Services Outsourcing,and analyzes the comparative advantages in costs,the competitive advantages in the key functions and the competitive advantages in the function of service,which can help reduce investment,increase the added value and provide special service for the manufacturers respectively.


Since the 21st century, global clean energy governance has developed rapidly and gradually attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad as an emerging field. The development and utilization of the global Clean energy Governance Network has greatly promoted the development of social productive forces, promoted economic globalization and scientific and technological progress, deepened the interdependence of energy and economy among countries around the world, and consolidated the foundation of cooperation among them. At present, the global clean energy governance presents a state of "disorder" with multiple mechanisms superimposed on each other, and is faced with many governance difficulties and dilemmas. By building a global clean energy governance network model, this paper tries to solve the stability and balance of multiple participants in the governance network. On the basis of win-win cooperation, countries should clarify their responsibilities and obligations and work together to promote clean energy governance. We should accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the global energy mix and explore a path of green, clean, low-carbon, environmentally friendly, healthy and sustainable energy cooperation.


Quick & easy: A simple and positive-readout fluorescent immunosensor was developed based on a quencher composed of a 3 nm gold nanoparticle (GNP) covalently linked to a Fab fragment, which proved to be stable and specific. The method allows for direct and sensitive detection of target antigens in homogeneous solutions in one step without any separation steps. It has been successfully applied to rapidly quantify the amount of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in human saliva samples.


Introduction
 Virtually all humans become infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The vast majority of these infections are inapparent, occur early in life, and are associated with lifelong latent infection and persistent shedding of virus.
 Epidemiology
 The prevalence of antibody to EBV has been determined in many age groups throughout the world. In developing and tropical areas, infection takes place early in life and is inapparent, with most children demonstrating antibody by age 6 years. Infection is believed to be related to hygiene and crowding as well as to cultural patterns that lead to exposure to saliva (eg, prechewing of food). In contrast, infection in Western Europe and the United States in childhood is less common, with only 35% to 50% of 5-year-olds demonstrating antibody.
 Infectious mononucleosis (IM) emerges as a significant clinical entity only in populations where a sizable percentage of young adults lack immunity to EBV. Thus, IM is unknown among college freshman in Thailand or the Philippines, virtually all of whom have antibody to EBV at the time of admission. On the other hand, in schools in the USA and England, where the susceptibility percentage is in the range of 35% to 50%, infection is seen commonly. In such university settings, approximately 12% of susceptible students become infected with EBV during the freshman year.


Floating Car Data has been used to evaluate traffic conditions in Real-time Transportation Information Systems. In these systems, taxis are often used as probe cars. Because of the randomicity of taxis when travelling in cities, it is necessary to analyze taxis' distribution characteristics in road networks. In this paper, two indexes named Detecting Intensity and Detecting Rate are designed to analyze the Space-Time Distribution Characteristics. 5,000 taxis in Hangzhou of China are selected as probe cars, and Floating Car Data are continuously collected from these taxis during a week. The conclusions show that Detecting Intensity and Detecting Rate can clearly demonstrate the Space-Time Distribution Characteristics in different time and road types. Urban express ways, arterial roads can usually be detected by probe cars with more dependability. Traffic conditions evaluated through FCD in peak hours on a day is probably more dependable than in off-peak hours. At the same time, the relationship between distribution characteristics and sample size are also analyzed, in order to help find a more reasonable probe car sample size for Real-time Transportation Information Systems.


The adsorption of thiophene on Si(111)–7×7 has been studied with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) modelling. Previous experimental studies of this system clearly demonstrated that thiophene prefers to chemisorb on the faulted half of the 7×7 unit cell. The STM studies reported here concur with this and provide further information about thiophene site preference as a function of coverage. Additionally, an ab initio theoretical investigation of this system demonstrated that the occupancy of available adsorption sites could not be explained using equilibrium binding energies, as these were calculated to be the same for all experimentally identified adsorption sites (≈1.0 eV). To investigate the possibility that site selection is kinetically controlled, a kMC model was developed. This model places the molecule in a mobile precursor state, allowing the molecule to traverse the surface before chemisorbing. The kMC model was found to reproduce the STM data, providing compelling evidence that site occupancy in this system is indeed kinetically controlled at room temperature. Activation energy differences, for each the four unique chemisorption geometries, could be extracted from a fit of the kMC model predictions to the experimental data (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Measurement of soil gas concentration in fault zone is one of the important ways to monitoring fracture activity and seismic risk.We surveyed the soil gas concentrations(H2,He,CO2,Rn,Hg)and soil gas flux(CO2,Rn,Hg)of the Xinbaoan—Shacheng fault in Huailai in May,2014.The results show that the ranges of concentration of H2,He,CO2,Rn,Hg are respectively(0.4~34.2)×10-6,(2.8~7)×10-6,(0.051~1.19)%,(0.31~18.22)kBq/m3,(2~54)ng/m3.Soil gases of H2 and Rn are effective parameters to reveal the fault location,which show significantly high value anomaly in the fault and scarp areas.We can preliminary confirm that there is higher gas effusion by the study results of soil gas concentrations and gas flux in Xinbaoan—Shacheng fault,which is related to seismic activity in this region.


[Purpose] To examine the effects of treatment using press tack needles compared with placebo press tack needles applied at Shenmen, an acupuncture point on the ear, on the psychological conditions of university students playing rugby during the summer training camp period. [Subjects and Methods] Male players belonging to the rugby club of University-A were divided into 3 groups: press tack needle: 33; placebo: 38; and control: 32, to compare changes in their scores from the subscales of the Japanese-version Short-form POMS on Camp Days 1 and 3. [Results] Main effects were observed for T-A and F scores during the study period, but there were neither main effects nor interactions related to the intervention method. Furthermore, there were no significant main effects or interactions for other scores. [Conclusion] The treatment with press tack needles or placebo press tack needles applied at Shenmen did not show effects on the players' psychological conditions.


Pulmonary fibrosis is becoming a recognized complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We report 2 cases of 2 patients aged 40 and 61 with pulmonary fibrosis due to COVID-19. The clinical examination showed that the 2 patients were dyspneic with a weak oxygen saturation and that there was bilateral crackles of the two pulmonary fields. High-resolution computed tomography showed bilateral multifocal ground glass opacities, subpleural fibrotic bands (between 25-50% and 75% parenchymal involvement). We prescribed them an anti-fibrosant, nintedanib, and there was a significant clinical and radiological improvement after 15 days of treatment. Nintedanib may have a new therapeutic role in the prevention of fibrosis associated with COVID-19.


Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) is an emerging technique for simultaneous sensing of temperature and concentration of gaseous media. However, simultaneous reconstruction of temperature and concentration using TDLAS measurements is a nonlinear inverse problem and unlike other forms of computed tomography (CT), it is typically not possible to take a large number of projection measurements; so reconstructions are often computed using simplistic assumptions that limit the usability of the results. In this paper, we present a fast algorithm for model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) of TDLAS data. Our TDLAS-MBIR method uses a nonlinear forward model based on the physics of light absorption and incorporates a holistic prior model that can be learned from very sparse training data. Reconstructions performed on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) phantoms show that our proposed reconstruction algorithm is fast; works well when the number of pixels, p, far exceeds the number of measurements, M; is robust against noise; and produces good reconstructions using few training examples for the prior model.


Abstract Potamogeton×salicifolius, a hybrid between P. lucens and P. perfoliatus, is identified as a new taxon for Italy. This is the first record of this hybrid from southern Europe. The Italian sample was studied in cultivation and compared with a living specimen of P.×salicifolius from Sweden, where the hybrid is rather widespread. In addition to morphological features, the most compelling evidence for the hybrid origin of these plants came from the isozyme analysis. The additive "hybrid" banding patterns of the five enzyme systems studied indicate inheritance from P. lucens and P. perfoliatus. The distribution of this hybrid in Europe coincides with the areas most severely affected by the Late Pleistocene glaciation. The relationships between environmental conditions, history of the habitat and rise of hybrids are discussed.


The oxidation of naphthols by alkaline hexacyanoferrate(III), at constant ionic strength, gave coupled products. The rate of the reaction was dependent on the first powers of the concentrations of substrate, oxidant, and alkali. The activation energies were 31.8 and 34.5 kJ/mol for α naphthol and β naphthol, respectively. The reaction pathway was via the formation of a radical intermediate, which was detected by electron spin resonance spectroscopy.


Abstract This article summarizes the creation and implementation of a concurrent support class for TRS 92 - Intermediate Algebra, a developmental mathematics course at Fort Lewis College in Durango, Colorado. The concurrent course outlined in this article demonstrates a statistically significant increase in student success rates since its inception. Specifically, students successfully completing the concurrent support class have had a success rate of approximately 82%, while all other students have had an approximate 63% success rate. In Spring 2007, the support course was piloted in a randomized control, experimental design. As measured by Cohen's d, the pilot course resulted in overall effect size 0.43, a moderately strong effect size for behavioral data. Introduction Nationally, Intermediate Algebra is second only to Beginning Algebra as having the highest student failure rate in developmental mathematics courses at two-year and four-year schools (Adelman, 2004, p. 665). Fort Lewis College is consistent with national failure rates for developmental mathematics courses. It is thus reasonable to hypothesize that any benefits realized by this research at Fort Lewis College could also be realized at other similar institutions of higher education. A comparison to Fort Lewis College and national success rates is shown below: The basic approach taken by this research to improve student success rates in Intermediate Algebra involved the following steps: 1. Identifying the students in Intermediate Algebra who are not likely to succeed. 2. Using the salient variables used to identify the students in step 1 to create a support course that could address specifics stemming from these identifying factors. 3. Piloting the support course in a randomized controlled experiment. 4. Assessing the effectiveness of the support course. Significance of Topic The developmental educational community stands to benefit greatly from a successful development of a concurrent support class. The magnitude of the problem addressed partially by this research can be realized by just a couple of sobering statistics/problems facing the developmental educational community. Below are some quotes and their Internet Sources indicating the current status of developmental education in the United States: Only 17% of students who enroll in a remedial reading course receive a bachelor's degree within eight years, compared to 58% of students who take no remedial education courses. http://www.communitycollegecentral.org/Downloads/Developmental_ Education_TOOLKIT.pdf. For the first time in U.S. history, the current generation of college-age Americans will be less educated than their parents 'generation, yet our workplaces require higher-level skills than ever before. http://www.achievingthedream.org/ABOUTATD/OVERVIEW/default.tp. About 6.8 million students - nearly half of all undergraduates in the U.S. - are being educated at 1,200 community colleges. But too few are reaching their goals. Historically, fewer than half of community college students succeed in earning a degree or transferring to a four-year institution. And more than just their hopes and dreams are at stake: the very foundations of our economy depend on increasing student success. http://www.achievingthedream.org/Portal/Modules/8i75b350-Oa49-4218-bb55-5476 1 3 1 af73c.asset?. The purpose of this research is to provide a framework for the creation of other concurrent support courses, regardless of discipline. Methodology Much of the research behind this article pertains to the creation of an accurate predictive system to identify students who are "at-risk" of not succeeding in TRS 92 - Intermediate Algebra. The author opted to create a neural network to identify "at-risk" students. Neural networks have been shown to be of use in predicting student success in a variety of contexts (Hardgrave & Wilson, 1994; Naik & Ragothaman, 2004; Sexton, Hignite, Margavio, & Satzinger, 2001; Schumacher et al. …


Author: Jim Lundy               Date: August 21, 2013 Topic: Mobile  Research Note Number: 2013-25 Issue: What technologies and architectures make up a mobile ecosystem? Issue: How will enterprises leverage mobile ecosystems...


the highly Abstract: This paper discusses skills emigration of the intelligentsia and its effects on the socio-economic development of Zimbabwe. Skills flight has been a huge challenge to the developing countries and this has contributed much to their under development. Since the turn of the millennium, Zimbabwe has lost key skilled and talented people who left the country due to economic hardships. Several studies have shown that there are very high levels of emigration among the young and the very highly skilled people of Zimbabwe. Skills flight or brain drain is a very old phenomenon in human history and usually takes place for various reasons. Some of these reasons are social, economic and sometimes of a political nature. The aforementioned reasons either push people to leave or pull people if these are seen to be better in other countries. Globalization has also resulted in an increase of movement of people from one country to another. The world has become a global village with very little to separate countries. Skills flight has merits and demerits, and this paper will try to unpack these issues so that there is some clarity. While some schools of thought argue that the sending countries lose because of skills flight, it is not always the case because these people help in the development of their native countries by sending money back home (diaspora remittances) that is used for developmental projects and assist in improvement of foreign currency earnings for their countries. It also denies the remaining population the opportunity to benefit from their highly skilled compatriots (skills and knowledge transfer) who in most cases would have benefitted from state funding. However, for the host countries, they benefit by having the best brains who are usually very intelligent and have good leadership skills. These emigrants help to develop the economies of host counties. In some cases, there are tensions and conflict that arisen the host countries as a result of the skilled people who would have migrated to these countries, for example, there have been cases of xenophobic attacks on foreigners in South Africa, racism (in Europe), among other problems caused as a result of immigrant labour. It is argued in this paper that skills emigration in Zimbabwe has affected the performance of the Zimbabwe economy and development agenda.


Schwannoma is an important entity in the differential diagnosis of the enlarged jugular foramen. Our recent experience with 4 consecutive large schwannomas over a 12‐month period is presented.


At the department of nursing in this South African University of, one of the requirements for students to complete their Bachelor of Nursing Science degree is to choose a pregnant woman and follow her up from pregnancy, during birth, post-partum and 6 weeks after delivery. The aim of this study was to explore and describe student midwives' experiences on the follow-up of a woman from pregnancy, birth and post-partum until 6 weeks after delivery. The research design was qualitative, descriptive, exploratory and contextual. A purposive sampling was used and 21 student midwives who enrolled for midwifery consented to be part of the study. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with the student midwives after completing this project. These interviews were tape recorded and transcribed verbatim by an independent transcribing service. The findings in relation to the research question were synthesized under three themes: building relationships with the follow-up women; challenges associated with the follow-up experience; and positive aspects of this experience. Conclusion: The follow-up experience provided midwifery students with unique and important learning opportunities that they would not experience in standard or hospital-based clinical placements alone. (Modiba LM. South African students' experiences on a Follow-up of women until six weeks after delivery. Life Sci J 2013;10(2):978-984) (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com . 137


Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are specialized systems that allow users to control a computer or a machine using their brain waves. BCI systems allow patients with severe physical impairments, such as those su ering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, cerebral palsy and locked-in syndrome, to communicate and regain physical movements with the help of specialized equipment. With the development of BCI technology in the second half of the 20th century and the advent of consumer-grade BCI devices in the late 2000s, brain-controlled systems started to nd applications not only in the medical eld, but also in entertainment. One particular area that is gaining more evidence due to the arrival of consumer-grade devices is the eld of computer games, which has become increasingly popular in BCI research as it allows for more user-friendly applications of BCI technology in both healthy and unhealthy users. However, numerous challenges are yet to be overcome in order to advance in this eld, as the origins and mechanics of the brain waves and how they are a ected by external stimuli are not yet fully understood. In this sense, a systematic literature review of BCI games based on consumer-grade technology was performed with over 2,200 works investigated. Based on its results, two BCI games, one using attention and the other using meditation as control signals, were developed in order to investigate key aspects of player interaction: the in uence of graphical elements on attention and control; the in uence of auditory stimuli on meditation and work load; and the di erences both in performance and multiplayer game experience, all evaluated in the context of neurofeedback-based BCI games in three di erent controlled experiments, with a total of 40 subjects who played over 420 game matches.


The drought resistance of grassland used for tourism in Qinghai Province was studied with linear gradient irrigation experiment by measuring the chlorophyll content,proline content and relative conductivity.The result indicated that the most suitable soil moisture content ranged from 13.66% to 23.47% and the crucial drought resistance limit was 12.01%.The drought resistance of grassland depended on the dominant species and main companion species(Carex atrofuca,Kobresia humilis,Agropyron cristatum,Poa crymophila,Taraxacum mongolicum,Potentilla anserine) and the impact of small grasses such as Ranunculus tanguticus and Trigonotis peduncularis on the drought resistance of grassland was less.The proper management suggestions were provided accordingly.


In recent years, Internet-wide scanning has attracted interest as a countermeasure against Internet-of-Things (IoT) security problems that can detect security holes. Despite the usefulness of Internet-wide scanning, it suffers from the problem of network congestion that occurs when numerous port scanning packets are used. Network congestion becomes increasingly severe in networks with limited bandwidth such as wireless networks. Therefore, port-scanning packets must be sent at long intervals when scanning such networks. In contrast, an inappropriate reduction of scanning speed increases the time required to complete scanning, making it difficult to scan IoT devices comprehensively before cyber-attackers identify vulnerabilities. However, setting appropriate scanning speeds is a challenge owing to the lack of a method for quantifying the impact of scanning traffic on the target network. In this study, we construct a novel analytical model to quantify the impact of scanning traffic on IoT data throughput in a target wireless LAN. The validity of our proposed model is evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations whose results demonstrate that our model is effective in approximating the impact of scanning traffic on IoT data traffic. This study contributes to overcoming a key shortcoming of Internet-wide scanning as a critical factor in efficient probing.


A double ended musical mechanism having a primary body for anchoring strings and containing electrical connections for electrical operation including pickups, volume, and tone controls, a secondary body for securing and tuning the strings and containing electrical connections, and an interconnecting central body. The central body, between the primary and secondary bodies, contains a number of hammer pads for temporarily anchoring strings against so that when a string is anchored against a hammer pad, two musical notes are produced, one each from the primary and secondary bodies. An additional embodiment includes the provision of an electrical pickup in the central body so that when a string is anchored in two places against a hammer pad, three musical notes are produced. Yet another embodiment includes the provision of a primary neck with a device for anchoring the strings which contains a number of hammer pads, a secondary neck for securing and tuning the strings and containing a number of hammer pads, and an interconnecting central body, located between the primary and secondary necks, which contains electrical devices for operation so that when the strings are anchored against the hammer pads, two musical notes are produced.


Not counting domestic dwellings, it has been estimated that in Australia alone, some tens of thousands of masonry buildings and structures have exceeded their design life, with many of these being at risk of partial (or worse) collapse from falling or dislodged masonry. This has significant implications for human life but also for the urban environment and economic health of building owners, managers, and insurers and for local and national economies. This risk can mainly be attributed to the slow deterioration of masonry under atmospheric and other environments and the corrosion of so-called wall ties. Wall ties are relatively thin pieces of steel that tie the outer leaf of masonry walls to the stabilized inner leaf. The problem is likely severe for scenarios such as cyclonic and earthquake events, as they cause area-wide damage and the potential wide-spread loss of human life—losses that could be prevented by timely intervention. This paper reports on the in situ inspection of two case study buildings and the data obtained from controlled wall tie corrosion field trials, which are used to develop predictive models of structural response. These models will inform practical tools that will be developed for building assessment, cost-effective monitoring, and rectification, assisting in the management of existing masonry buildings.


The syntheses of a series of macrocyclic diarylether paracyclophanes with varying length in the bridging chain are reported.  Several naturally occurring biologically active cyclophanes have been described in the literature, and many of these are chiral by virtue of restricted bond rotation opposed to the presence of stereocenters.  We report the first systematic study of the relationship between the bridging chain length and the barrier to racemization of these important compounds.   Progress toward the synthesis of a library of diarylether paracyclophanes with varying tether lengths is described, as well as stereochemical implications.


A tokamak reactor concept for steady-state operation has been studied. This reactor uses the compressional Alfvén wave to sustain the plasma current. Its structure is simplified by eliminating the poloidal coils in the torus centre. The start-up scenario is obtained by minimizing the wave and electric powers of the coils through solving the power balance and Grad-Shafranov equations. The steady-state operating point is obtained from the viewpoint of maximizing the Q-value (Q = fusion power/current drive power). The largest Q-value is obtained by using compressional Alfvén wave rather than other RF waves.