Micro, small  and  medium  enterprises (MSMEs) plays  a  pivotal  role  in  the  socio-economic development  and   are  referred  to  as  the  growth  engine  of  the  nation. "The  progress  of  a  country  depends  not  on  mass  production  but,  on  production  by  masses." This  statement  of  Mahatma  Gandhi  was  brought  in  concrete  form  by  MSMEs  of  the  nation. The  sector  aims  at  percolating  fruits  of   development  to  the  grass  root  level.  It  enables  the  country to  earn  foreign  exchange  with  low  import  intensive  operations. The  products  produced  caters  domestic  demand  and  increases  exports  from  the  country. This  industrial  segment is highly  heterogeneous  in  terms  of  techniques  of  production,  size,  product  produced  or  service rendered, and so on. They  have  to  deal  with  challenges, diffuse  threats, grab opportunities , adapt  to  dynamic  business  environment  to  ensure  their  survival  in   the long run. They  are  supported  by  the  government  through  various  schemes –  MUDRA (Micro Units  Development and Refinance Agency), MSMED Act, 2006 (Micro  Small  And  Medium Enterprises   Development  Act) ,etc.                                                                        It  encourages  young  blood  to  utilize  their  capabilities  and  show  their  business  acumen. They contribute in industrialization of rural and backward areas.  They  showcases  diverse cultural  heritage  (Handicrafts)  and  exhibits  hidden  potential  in  Indian  entrepreneurs  as well  as  industrial  units  to  rest  of  the  world. The  object  concerned  with  the  research  paper  is  to  analyze  the  current  status  of  the  vibrant  MSMEs  which  are  functional  in  the country.


The present work aims to study the relationship betweenvisfatin levels and metabolic syndrome in Iraqi obese adolescence (with and without metabolic syndrome) and its relation with other studied biochemical parameters. Sixty obese adolescence were depended in this study (with and without metabolic syndrome), compared with (30) non-obese children as control. This study was done in the period from April 2020 until the end of December 2020, in the National Diabetes Center/Mustansiriya University, Baghdad/Iraq. No significant difference in age, height, waist circumferences, and diastolic blood pressure in the patients' groups. In contrast, a significant increase differs (p < 0.05) was recorded in the values of both weights, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and fasting blood sugar in the adolescent group with metabolic syndrome compared with the adolescent group without metabolic syndrome. Results: The study results showed a highly significant increase difference (P<0.001) in clinical levels of insulin, homo stasis assessment insulin resistance, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, and visfatin in patientsgroups when comparedwith control. Conclusions:The prevalence of metabolic syndrome between adolescence in developing countries is rising, and this is largely driven by increasing obesity rates.Elevated serum visfatin level in adolescence with metabolic syndrome when compared without metabolic syndromeand a positive correlation between visfatin level with metabolic syndrome factors in adolescence,therefore, visfatin may be considered a risk indicator for heart diseasesand diabetes in these individuals in old age.


Aiming at the shortcomings of the existing low and middle market automobile security alarm system,such as low reliability,small-scale alarming and so on,this paper designs a new system base on RFID(Radio Frequency Identification) and GSM(Global System for Mobile Communication).In the design,ATMEL ATmega16L,V468 series of non-contact reader and wireless communica-tion module TC35i are adopted as core devices.The specific card can launch the car,and when illegal situation happens,the alarm system will extinguish automatically and send alarm messages.The paper presents the hardware structure and the procedure of the software in detail.This system has many advantages such as high recognition,remote distance alarm,high cost-effective and good scalability,it will have a bright development and the application prospect.


ABSTRACTDamage control surgery is one of the major advances in surgical practice in the last 20 years. The indications for damagecontrol surgery are: the need to terminate a laparotomy rapidly in an exsanguinating, hypothermic patient who had developeda coagulopathy and who is about to die on the operating table; inability to control bleeding by direct hemostasis; and inabilit yto close the abdomen without tension because of massive visceral edema and a tense abdominal wall. Damage control surgeryhas three phases: 1) laparotomy to control hemorrhage by packing, shunting, or balloon tamponade, or both; control ofintestinal spillage by resection or ligation of damaged bowel, or both; 2) physiological resuscitation to correct hypothermia,metabolic acidosis, and coagulopathy. 3) planned reoperation for definitive repair. Damage control surgery is appropriate ina small number of critically ill patients who are likely to require substantial hospital resources. However, there are manyquestions that need to be answered. Who is the patient elected for this surgery? When is the ideal time to make the decision?Which are the parameters that indicate to the surgeons the moment to re-operate the patient? How to treat the long-termcomplications? In the present review we described some historical aspects, indications, technical aspects, advantages anddisadvantages of this procedure, as well as its physiological consequences and morbidity and mortality rates of damage controlsurgery. Damage control surgery offers a simple effective alternative to the traditional surgical management of complex ormultiple injuries in critically injured patients ( Rev. Col. Bras. Cir. 2007; 34(4): 257-263 ).Key words: Abdominal injuries/ prevention & control; Wounds, penetrating; Wounds and injuries/ prevention & control;Surgery.


ABS TRACT Objective: Population or hospital-based studies of the epidemiology of childhood eye diseases in Turkey are limited. Therefore, we aimed to establish the eye disease and treatment frequencies in a cohort of children presenting to a single pediatric ophthalmology clinic in Istanbul. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective review of the hospital files of 500 children admitted to the pediatric ophthalmology clinic of Atakoy Dunyagoz Hospital with eye complaints between January 2016 and July 2017. Results: The female to male ratio in the study cohort was 1:1. Of these patients, 38.6% were 0-5 years old, 31.6% were 6-11 years old, and 29.8% were 12-18 years old. Out of 500 children, 483 (96.6%) were diagnosed with one or more eye diseases. A refractive error was the most prevalent eye disease, which was recorded in 434 patients (86.6%), followed by conjunctivitis (24.4%), strabismus (11.8%), amblyopia (9.2%), and glaucoma (8.0%). There were no significant differences between the male and female patients in terms of prevalences of any of the eye diseases. The children who were 6–11 years old had remarkably lower prevalences of refractive errors (70.3%) and amblyopia (3.2%) than the children that were 0–5 years old and 12– 18 years old (p<0.05). The treatments administered for these eye diseases included, in the order of frequency, eyeglasses, medication, occlusion therapy, contact lenses, and strabismus operations. Conclusion: Refractive errors, conjunctivitis, strabismus, and amblyopia were the diseases most commonly encountered in the pediatric ophthalmology clinic daily practice. Increasing the public's knowledge and raising awareness is crucial for better and earlier management of childhood eye diseases.


In liberal market capitalist societies, a wasteland confronts individuals released from prison, induced by influences that coalesce to create an institution that is an all but insurmountable barrier to their reintegration into the mainstream labour market. This situation has attracted little attention from diversity management scholars and in this paper we address this omission by engaging in theory building that surfaces and analyses the cultural, normative and regulative elements of this institution. We argue the prisoner re-entry problem in liberal market capitalist societies requires that policy makers, practitioners and diversity theorists apply themselves to a highly unusual task: fabricating a body of theory and practice that informs the development of strategies to support employers in liberal market economies to engage in 'institutional avoidance', even when this may draw unfavourable attention to the firm, and be ill-received by employees who do not have a criminal record.


Working life is a human resources model that identifies the different steps of an employee in an organization and assumes the role of human resources in improving that development. In short, it describes the journey of an employee and a company. Some employee engagement measures are related to specific employee responsibilities and may be related to the use of speech management programs. As such, it is sometimes called the Human Resources life cycle, or simply the Human Resources guarantee.


For the improvement of the friction coefficient at rolling contacts and the enlargement of product lifetime slide grinding, especially pulsfinishing, can optimize the characteristic of contacting surfaces. The scope of this thesis was to show the influence of the manufacturing parameters of pulsfinishing on the machined surface as well as influence on the friction coefficient at a two-disc rolling contact. The pulsfinishing tests were carried out within three steps. With so-called min/max-tests those manufacturing parameters with the main influence on the machined surface have been identified. For selected parameters, additional values were tested to present a development of the surface parameters depending on the manufacturing parameters. Depending on all tests, an optimum of parameter setting for a smooth surface was derived. Afterwards, grinded reference discs and discs from the pulsfinishing tests were compared to each other at two-disc rolling tests. As a result, it could be shown that with the pulsfinished discs a significantly lower friction coefficient is reached. In addition, the correlation between roughness parameters and friction coefficient from the rolling tests was assessed.


The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between the body weight and the body measurements, height of previous (HP), height of subsequent (HS), corporal length (CL), thoracic perimeter (TP) and perimeter testicles (PT), in sheep of the race Texel. The simple correlations of the weight with HP, HS, CL, TP and PT were 0,743 respectively; 0,860; 0,838; 0,850; 0,839. The correlation coefficients were positive for the variables HP, HS, CL, TP and PT. The equation found to predict the weight it was: WEIGHT = - 150 + 0,87 HP + 0,67 HS + 0,080 CL + 0,310 TP + 2,20 PT.


Background:There are two basic implantation philosophies in total knee arthroplasty that essentially determine the rotational alignment of the femur. One method, the measured resection technique, uses bony landmarks to determine alignment, while the other, the gap-balancing technique, uses soft-tissue tension as the reference. The use of patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) has so far only been employed in cases where alignment is based on bony landmarks; alignment of the femoral rotation applying the gap-balancing technique is not currently possible. Methods:This paper describes the use of PSI with alignment using a balancer device in 25 patients, corresponding to the gap-balancing technique. The average age of the study population was 67.6±6.7 yr. The Knee Society Score (KSS) and flexion of the knee joint were recorded preoperatively and then at 3 and 12 mo postoperatively. Postoperatively, function was determined based on the Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), and any complications were documented. Deviation to the neutral mechanical leg axis also was determined based on long-standing radiographs of the lower extremity. Results:The KSS and flexion improved after 3 and 12 mo compared with preoperative results. The FJS was 34.4±4.2 points after 3 mo and 57.8±8.4 points after 12 mo. There were no complications. The deviation of the neutral mechanical axis averaged 1.5 degrees±1.8 degrees. Conclusions:The data show that the alignment of the PSI also can be achieved functionally, which will extend the range of application of PSI, especially in complex anatomical situations and after previous surgery.


Gravity is one the principle forces in the universe, its power always apparent, giving us three-dimensional creatures a constant sense of "up" and "down". We propose the use of a metric for applying gravity, or similar "pulling" forces, to social environments by weighting and reordering set network structures where links cannot be added, but nodes may be rearranged. We begin by introducing gravity in social networks, describe previous web applications and uses, and then briefly experiment with the metric within a classroom setting. To that point, we describe and design requirements to effectively apply our metric to classrooms, as well as other social spaces. Finally, we assert that by flavoring network structures with our so-called "gravity", we make those structures inherently more navigable in terms of personality similarity, and perhaps indirectly, communication and learning.


The federal regulations that establish senior citizen and disabled reduced fare programs do not specify how those programs are to be structured. As a result, transit agencies across the nation vary widely in their reduced fare policies. This variation offers an excellent opportunity for transit systems to learn from each other's experience and to mix and match approaches to best meet their needs. This paper, for the first time, provides a systematic consideration of reduced fare policies at major transit agencies. This research combines the findings of a structured, open-ended survey with information gleaned from transit agency websites to present a framework for understanding the key components of a reduced fare card program. These components are then illustrated by the breadth of approaches taken by the largest transit systems in the ten most populous metropolitan areas in the United States.


Purpose: In premise of uninfluenced to dose distribution of tumor target and organ at risk(OAR) in Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC),the number of segment was changed to increase efficacy and optimize treatment method by designing different plan of intensity modulated radiotherapy(IMRT). Methods: 10 cases of NPC were confirmed in pathology and treated with step and shoot IMRT. The target volumes were defined: GVT-T (the primary tumor); GVT-N (the metastasis lymph nodes in neck) ; CTV-T and CTV-N (the clinical targets of GVT-T and GTV-N) ; and PTV (incidental lymph nodal region). Dose of GTV/CTV/PTV was 70/64/54Gy for 30 fractions.Every patient was designed 7 treatment plans of IMRT by Pinnacle 8.0m planning system,each plan was used with 9 beams of uniform distribution and fixing incidence direction(200°,240°,280°,320°,0°,40°,80°,120°and 160°respectively),and designed for delivery on Elekta Synergy linear accelerator.All plans were optimized with the direct machine parameter optimization(DMPO) algorithm.Minimum MU in each segment was defined at 4MU,and minimal segment area was 4cm2.Number of maximum segment field was defined at 120,110,100,90,80,70,60, respectively.Coverage and conformity of GTV/CTV/PTV,sparing of OARs(spinal cord, brain, parotids, lens and optic nerves) were compared. Results: In this group,mean volume of GTV(GTV-T+GTV-N),CTV(CTV-T+CTV-N)and PTV were 91.39±71.13cm3,177.27±92.16cm3 and 1028.05±167.03cm3,.respectively. Compared with the number of segment decreased from 120 to 60, there were no difference in MU(p>0.05),and the dose distribution of targets(GTV/CTV/PTV),OARs and CI were not different too(p>0.05).But when the segment number was <60, CI of PTV was changed compared with others(p<0.05). Conclusion: The minimal segment number of IMRT plan designed by Pinnacle 8.0m planning system in NPC should be decreased reasonably and the limit of minimal segment number was recommended by 70.


Intestinal diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have high prevalence and mortality rates worldwide. Although there is a genetic component associated with the etiology of these diseases, the participation of environmental and lifestyle-related factors in their development has been increasingly demonstrated. Changes in the composition and activity of the intestinal microbiota, which may be associated, for example, with inadequate feeding, seem to contribute to the increased risk of development of both CRC and IBD. Thus, it is increasing and justifiable the search for food or no-food compounds, that can reestablish the balance of the microbiota and modify the intestinal microenvironment, reducing the risk of diseases. The use of probiotics and prebiotics, isolated or combined (synbiotic), is one of the main strategies for targeted modulation of the microbiota, either by adding specific microorganisms or by conferring a selective advantage on resident microorganisms. The general objective of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotic VSL#3 and synbiotic VSL#3 associated with yacon- based product (PBY), on the modulation of the gut microbiota and its influence on the development of precursor lesions of CRC and on the manifestations of colitis- associated carcinogenesis (CAC). For this, two distinct experiments were conducted: in Experiment 1, wild C57BL6/J mice received, for 13 consecutive weeks, the probiotic multispecies VSL#3 isolated (probiotic group - PRO) or associated with PBY (synbiotic group - SYN) and were induced to colorectal carcinogenesis with 1,2- dimethylhydrazine (DMH). In Experiment 2, knockout mice for interleukin-10 (IL-10 -/- ), a spontaneous colitis model, were induced to carcinogenesis with DMH and received the synbiotic VSL#3 + PBY for the same period. In Manuscript 1 (Published) (Experiment 1), our aim was to evaluate the effects of probiotic and synbiotic on the composition of the intestinal microbiota and their influence on the development of precursor lesions of CRC. It was observed that both the use of probiotic and synbioticmodified the composition of the microbiota; changes in the microbiota of the control group were also observed, confirming that carcinogenesis itself alters the resident microbial community. The precursor lesions of CRC were significantly reduced in the SYN group, but not in the PROCiência da Nutrição group. This outcome is possibly associated with changes in the intestinal microenvironment induced by microbiota modulation in the SYN group, such as significant reduction of inflammatory response in the colon, reduction of the activity of the pro-carcinogenic enzyme -glucuronidase, and increase in short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Manuscript 2 (Published) (Experiment 1) sought to investigate possible mechanisms of action associated or that could explain the results obtained in Article 1. Thus, the effects of probiotic and synbiotic on oxidative stress and intestinal permeability were investigated. Probiotic and synbiotic have antioxidant activity in vitro. Both PRO and SYN groups had lower concentrations of oxidation products, manlondialdehyde and protein carbonyl, compared to the control group. The activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase was higher in the SYN group compared to the others. It was also observed an increase in the depth crypts in the PRO and SYN groups, which corroborates the reduction in intestinal permeability (measured by urinary lactulose excretion) in these groups. Manuscript 3 (Submitted) (Experiment 1) evaluated the effect of probiotic and synbiotic on the functional metabolic pathways of the microbiota and on the expression of genes associated with colorectal carcinogenesis. The SYN group showed a highly differentiated intestinal community based on the MetaCyc pathways. Of the 351 predicted functional pathways, 222 differed between groups. Most of them were enriched in the SYN group, namely: amino acid biosynthesis pathways, small molecule biosynthesis pathways, carbohydrate degradation pathways, and fermentation pathways. In addition, synbiotic was able to stimulate the anti-inflammatory immune response and reduce gene expression of PCNA and c-myc. As demonstrated in these studies, the use of the synbiotic VSL#3 + PBY significantly reduced the incidence of precursor lesions of CRC and down- regulated the expression of genes associated with carcinogenesis. We believe that these findings are the result of the synbiotic influence on the composition and activity of the intestinal microbiota, notably through reduced inflammatory response, improved oxidative stress, reduced pro-carcinogenic enzyme activity, increased SCFA and reduced permeability intestinal. Manuscript 4 (Published) (Experiment 2) aimed to evaluate the effect of the synbiotic VSL#3 + PBY in a colitis-associated carcinogenesis (CAC) model. Preservation of intestinal architecture, increased activity of antioxidantenzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, and AGCC concentrations, especially butyrate, were observed. Regarding the composition of the intestinal microbiota, we highlight that the microbiota of the experimental model used was characterized by a restricted biodiversity, with a limited number of bacterial genera representing the total microbial community. This finding has been consistently demonstrated in cases of cancer in experimental models and in humans, and in IBD patients. In Manuscript 5 (Submission process) (Experiment 2), we investigate the effects of the synbiotic VSL#3 and PBY on the intestinal inflammatory response, expression of genes associated with colorectal carcinogenesis, β-glucuronidase enzyme activity, functional metabolic pathways of the microbiota, and production of fecal fatty acids. Lower expression of p53 and c-myc in the synbiotic group compared to control group was observed. Similarly, IL-17 levels were also lower. There was also an increase in IL-4 in the synbiotic group compared to negative control. The principal component analysis revealed a poorly differentiated intestinal community based on MetaCyc pathways. These findings support the similarity in predicted metabolic pathways between groups. There was also a reduction in the activity of the -glucuronidase enzyme and an increase in short-chain fatty acids in the synbiotic group. Thus, it is suggested that the synbiotic could be a novel potential health-protective natural agent against CAC. Keywords: Colorectal cancer. Inflammatory bowel disease. Gut microbiota. Probiotic. Prebiotic. Synbiotic.


Most educational climate research is conducted among (day school) students who spend the bulk of their young lives outside of school, potentially limiting the amount of climate variance that can be captured. Boarding school students, on the other hand, spend much of their lives at school and thus offer a potentially unique perspective on educational climate. The present study comprises an international sample (United States, Canada, United Kingdom, and Australia) of 3,274 high school students from 121 boarding houses nested under 21 schools. The study is a multilevel one that explores variance in boarding house motivation, engagement, and social climate at multiple levels of a nested educational structure: student, boarding house, and school. Once sociodemographic, prior achievement, personality, and boarding characteristics were entered as covariates, findings showed that on all climate measures there is greater variation from student-to-student than there is from house-to-house or school-to-school. Interestingly, house climate ratings tended to vary more from school-to-school, than from house-to-house. Of the covariates, gender, personality, and time spent in boarding school predicted numerous motivation, engagement, and social climate factors. Overall, findings suggest that boarding house climate is very much in the eye of the individual boarder. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)


A variety of sulfides were converted to the corresponding sulfoxide derivatives with 70% t-BuOOH (water) as the oxidant in the presence of catalytic quantity of Fe2(SO4)3. The method described has a wide range of applications, involves simple work-up, exhibits chemoselectivity/enantioselectivity and proceeds under mild reaction conditions. The resulting products are obtained in good yield within a reasonable time. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In the academic world of Indian Sociology, the deeply philosophical orientation of A. K. Saran's approach, together with the masterly approaches developed by Radha Kamal Mukerjee and D. P. Mukerjee, each in his own distinct way came to be known as the trait of the Lucknow School, which made the great contribution of making traditional values not as the object of the study but as the frame of reference for sociological study and analysis. Saran, in this academic endeavour, appears to be influenced by the great philosophers like Rene Guenon, A. K. Coomaraswamy, Frithjof Schuon, Micro Pallis and Titus Burckhardt. These philosophers, though concerned with the crises of modern civilisation, were primarily remained engaged in the enunciation and interpretation of the traditional doctrines at the abstract doctrinal level. But Saran as a professional sociologist remained busy throughout his life in expounding and examining theories and ideologies, problems and problematic, conflicts and contradictions and norms, values and institutions of modern societies and welfarism. Saran took on the negative side of the task, that is, the critique of modernity as his vocation, whose unique logic-dialectical-philosophical method became his trademark. Through this article, I take an opportunity to make today's academic world familiar with some of the significant contributions of Saran.


Loss and fragmentation of natural habitats rank amongst the biggest threats to global biodiversity. In particular, tropical forests, which are extremely rich in plant and animal species, are under enormous pressure worldwide. In many areas, these forests now remain as small, isolated remnants embedded in a human-dominated landscape that is quite hostile for their original inhabitants. For most forest-dependent species, surviving in these severely fragmented ecosystems is challenging, and few species seem to persist relatively well in these highly altered landscapes. The underlying mechanisms for the endangerment and persistence are highly diverse, being a function of both species-specific and landscape properties. Landscape effects, such as habitat loss, patch isolation, matrix and edge-effects and the configuration of the remaining habitat, as well as patch-scale features, such as habitat quality and size of the remaining patches, may affect demographic and genetic properties of the remaining species, especially when only small population are surviving. Because the high diversity and highly interwoven species interactions in tropical ecosystems, the impact of fragmentation on population persistence are expected to be much more complicated in the tropics compared to temperate zones. Unfortunately, tropical systems remain largely understudied and due to the large differences with temperate regions, mechanisms underlying patterns of species persistence are difficult to extrapolate.
This thesis focuses on the persistence of avian populations in the Taita Hills, a severely fragmented montane forest in southeast Kenya that is isolated from similar habitat by at least 50 km of dry bushland. With currently less than 500ha of forest remaining (i.e. less than 2% of the original forest area), the Taita Hills are still considered a site of global conservation importance, harbouring dozens of endemic plant and animal species, including three endemic bird species. While some bird species are critically threatened by the extreme levels of habitat loss and fragmentation, other species seem to cope relatively well with the current levels of habitat modification. We focussed on two critical processes that were expected to strongly affect avian persistence in the Taita Hills forests: nest predation – as a proxy for recruitment – and mobility within and between the remaining forest fragments.
In tropical forests, levels of nest predation are typically much higher compared to temperate regions, with mostly between 60% and 90% of the nests being predated. Nest predation is therefore considered a crucial factor in the population dynamics of tropical bird species. Patterns of nest predation were studied for two forest-dependent bird species in the Taita Hills. Based on 179 natural ground nests of the white-starred robin and 228 shrub nests of the Cabanis's greenbul, we found that on average 70% of the nests were depredated for both species. Predation patterns strongly varied in space and time. While predation rates on white-starred robin nests increased in the course of the breeding season, they decreased for the Cabanis's greenbul. Also nest concealment and vegetation structure influenced predation rates, although the strength and direction was inconsistent between the two species and between fragments. The most striking and most relevant pattern in the framework of habitat fragmentation was the strong increase in nest predation towards the interior of the forest fragment, opposing the traditional perception of elevated predation rates at the edge of forest fragments. This 'inverse edge effect' on nest predation was observed for the two study species, and was further corroborated by an experiment using artificial ground nests and plasticine eggs. Although predation rates were consistently higher in the interior of the forest fragments, the strength of the documented edge effects on nest predation varied between species and between fragments. Besides the variation within single forest fragments, we also documented a strong effect of fragment size on nest predation for the white-starred robin: predation rates were lower – not higher – in the smallest forest fragments. Variation in levels of nest predation significantly affects avian populations inhabiting these forest fragments. For habitat generalists that tolerate breeding in small fragments or at edges, these spatial patterns on nest predation may result in a mitigation – rather than an amplification – of the otherwise negative impact of habitat fragmentation. For habitat specialists – in contrast – the opposite may be true and they may suffer even more from nest predation than when predation rates increase toward forest-matrix ecotones. Such differential impact of nest predators on habitat generalists and specialists may ultimately lead to a shift in the composition of avian meta-communities, further threatening the most vulnerable species.
Besides nest predation, mobility of individuals is also expected to play a crucial role for avian persistence in severely fragmented landscapes. When individual (sub)populations become small and isolated, a negative spiral of demographic and genetic may bring them to the brink of extinction. Movements between forest fragments may counteract these threats, either by numerical increasing the remaining populations or due to exchange of genes between small populations. We studied the mobility of the twelve most common forest understory species based on the analysis of a long-term capture-recapture ringing programme, complemented with expert judgement of movements into the non-forest matrix. Species that seem to cope well with current level of fragmentation either combined high levels of inter-fragment dispersal with a high frequency of movements in the non-forest matrix, or at least showed sufficient high levels of one of these mobility characteristics. Both mechanisms were expected to increase the functional population size, either by linking subpopulations into one metapopulation in the case of high interfragment dispersal levels, or by increasing the resources that can be utilised –thus increasing the potential size of the (sub)population itself – in case of high levels of movements into the non-forest matrix. Species that combined low levels of inter-fragment dispersal with high levels of habitat specialisation, i.e. rarely venturing in the non-forest matrix, are the most vulnerable to extreme levels of habitat fragmentation.
If the endangered bird populations of the Taita Hills want to be preserved for future generations, a conservation programme is urgently needed. Several actions can help to safeguard the imperilled populations. For example, the conversion of exotic plantations around indigenous forest remnants may drastically increase the amount of habitat available for the remaining bird populations. Besides, the transformation of as little as five hectares agricultural land into indigenous forest habitat may even create a new, large (but elongated) forest fragment that connects six existing forest remnants with a continuous corridor. These straightforward and feasable conservation action may mean the different between successful conservation or losing critical species – forever.


This paper presents a framework to automatically analyze the team possession for broadcast soccer video. Our framework requires the position of the ball and the play/break structure information as input. This problem is important in the cases of coaches and viewers evaluating team performance, and in the border context of video content understanding. The local minima of ball velocity curve over frames are a good start for finding possession transition points. The local minima and maxima in X and Y curves of the ball position, the ball and player locations, and acceleration starting points of the ball are used to infer the touching points, which are potential ball possession transition points. A support vector machine is employed to find out which team touches the ball for each touching point. Experimental results on two consecutive 1000-frame sequences illustrate that the proposed framework is promising.


Angela Burnett has been working with torture survivors in London for two and a half decades, listening to their stories and chronicling the lasting physical and mental health effects. Joanne Silberner asked her about how and why she does it


The carbon monoxide (CO) sources of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) in the St. Louis metropolitan population are primarily smoking (first) and industrial work exposure (second). The mean COHb saturations of the population studied were the following: total (16,649)–2.30%; smokers (6,492)–4.58%; nonsmokers (10,157)– 0.85%; smoking industrial workers (1, 738)–5.01%; nonsmoking industrial workers (1, 523)–1.38%; smoking other persons (4, 754)–4.42%; nonsmoking other persons (8, 634)–0.75%. Study samples were obtained from 16, 649 individual blood donors of the Red Cross blood program during a one-year period. The COHb saturation was correlated with smoking histories, travel, and socioeconomic data obtained during phlebotomy. Air-monitoring data were obtained from governmental agencies. Ambient air exposure produces very small increases in COHb levels in this regional population, as does increase in travel time or distance to donor site. These results indicate a need to reassess the environmental sources of CO in rel...


Originally, the Kingdom of Pontus occupied an insignificant area. Its boundaries extended from the Thermodon to Amastria, without access to the Black Sea. In the 180s-70s, in the reign of Pharnaces I, the kingdom expanded appreciably. Pharnaces I succeeded in occupying Sinope, a major trading centre of the Black Sea; he also founded Pharnacia and established close contacts with Hereclea, Cyzicus, Messembria and Odessos (Maksimova, 1955, pp. 179-180). It was in the reign of Pharnaces I that relations of the Kingdom of Pontus with the Kingdom of Colchis started, being limited to trade and economic contacts. These links were carried on through Amisos and Sinope – traditional partners of Colchis. Archeological material shows that the contacts between Sinope and the Kingdom of Colchis became especially intensive in the 2 c. BC. Among wares discovered on the territory of 2n-1 c. BC Colchis Sinopean manufacture dominates amphorae, lutheriai, tiles, etc. They occur both in coastal cities and settlements and in the hinterland as well. (Todua 1990 pp. 45-46). The Kingdom of Colchis was linked to Amisos by trade relations, the latter being a city of Pontus. These contacts strengthened the economic influence of the Kingdom of Pontus.


Objective To study the construction of GST-Fank1 fusion protein expression vector.Methods According to the DNA sequence which encodes Fank1 protein,the upstream and downstream primers(Ⅰ,Ⅱ) of Fank1 gene which contained BamHⅠand SalⅠsites were optimum designed by using the primer design software Premier 5.0.The Fank1 target fragment was obtained by PCR amplification with the pdsRED-Fank1 as template.After digested by restriction enzyme,the Fank1 target fragment was inserted into pGEX4T-2 to create the prokaryotic expression vector pGEX4T-2-Fank1.The expression vector was transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3) and the expressive target protein was induced with IPTG.Results We constructed the prokaryotic expression vector of pGEX4T-2-Fank1,which was testified by using bacterium PCR,electrophoretic analysis and sequencing.Western blot result showed that the Mr 43 kDa of fusion protein band was consistent with the expected one.Conclusion GST-Fank1 fusion protein expression vector was constructed successfully,and the expression of the fusion protein was observed in BL21(DE3).


High-spin states in 162Lu have been roduced and studied via 147Sm (19F, 4nγ) 162Lu reaction. lh-beam γ-rays were measured by using planar detector and 7 high purityGe detectors with BGO anti-Compton Shield. The level scheme of the yrast band in 162Lu was established for the first time and the signature inversion in energy was discovered for The yrast bands of doubly odd nuclei around A=160 mass region have been reinvestegated and the systematics of signature inversinon was discussed briefly.


ayang kulit, shadow theatre, which has roots dating back over one thousand years, is one of the most popular, or even the most popular theatre form in Java. The performances, which last the whole night and during which the dalang (puppeteer) animates a few or several dozen puppets, mainly depict stories taken from the Mahabharata or Ramayana. Live gamelan music accompanies the play. The puppets, made of specially prepared and painted leather, are one of the most characteristic elements of wayang, recognized even by those who have never seen any performance. Javanese streets are full of billboards advertising Hollywood superheroes by means of wayang puppets. Heroic warriors from the Mahabharata are everywhere – on hotel signboards, buses, t-shirts and all kinds of souvenirs. Wayang puppets are not only the symbols of shadow theatre – now they are seen as a symbol of Javanese culture and the whole of Indonesia outside its borders. So, they appear in tourist brochures that promote exotic vacations, on the covers of books by Indonesian writers and, most often, in the form of intriguing interior decorations used in TV series and films created in the West. Although the puppets themselves are becoming more and more popular, their importance and meaning are usually reduced to their aesthetic dimension only. But the puppet used in shadow theatre represents a human being, even if it is not an accurate reflection. Their appearance is strictly defined and corresponds to the puppet's character. Puppets differ in size, shape, head position, type of eyes, nose or mouth, ornaments and decorations, the way the feet are arranged, and finally the colours of the polychrome covering them. Each detail has its own meaning and experienced members of the


There are two main approaches to combine the output of classifiers within a multi-classifier system, which are: combination-based and selection-based methods. In selectionbased methods, only one classifier is needed to correctly classify the input pattern. The choice of a classifier is typically based on the certainty of the current decision. On the other hand, the use of weights can be very useful for the final decision of a multi-classifier system since it can provide a confidence degree for each classifier. This paper presents an investigation of using two confidence measures (weights) in the functioning of the dynamic classifier method, which is a selection-based method. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the benefits of using weights in a selection-based method and which one is more suitable to be used.


The effects of age, repeated pregnancy and incessant ovulation on morphology and gene expression in the mouse ovary. Jean S Fleming, H James McQuillan, Clare R Beaugi頡nd Olivia L Tan*; Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, University of Otago, PO Box 913, Dunedin, New Zealand and * Hormone-Dependent Cancer Program, School of Life Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane , QLD 4001, Australia. The majority of human ovarian malignancies are epithelial in origin and arise from ovarian inclusion cysts, lined with cells assumed to be from ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). Risk of epithelial ovarian cancer is correlated with lifetime ovulation number. Inducing incessant ovulation in mice causes high rates of invagination, OSE layering and inclusion cyst formation [1]. The cells lining these cysts are structurally different from those on the surface and show higher rates of proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunoreactivity [2]. This led us to hypothesise that OSE may not be the source of all inclusion cysts, but that some may arise from the rete ovarii (RO), a system of epithelia-lined tubules derived from remnants of the developmental precursor of the ovary [2]. With the aim of discovering the cellular origin of mouse inclusion cysts, we compared ovaries from breeders and incessantly ovulated animals at 6-, 9- and 12-months of age. E-cadherin protein and mRNA expression were determined using immunohistochemistry, plus laser-capture cell micro-dissection (LCM) of cyst, OSE and RO cells and real-time RT-PCR. Cell proliferation was determined by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, and apoptosis by activated caspase-3 immunohistochemistry and TUNEL in situ hybridisation. Induction of incessant ovulation and estimation of total lifetime ovulation number has been described previously [2]. Cyst frequency and size increased with age, not total ovulation number (p<0.03; logistic regression analysis). The majority of cysts were connected to the ovarian hilus and appeared to have connections to the RO. Cyst cells had significantly higher proliferation rates than OSE (p<0.02, negative binomial regression) whereas normal RO epithelia had extremely low rates of proliferation. Incessant ovulation caused higher BrdU incorporation in OSE, but not cyst cells (p<0.03). Apoptosis was barely detectable in all epithelial compartments. E-cadherin immunohistochemistry revealed strong junctional staining in RO and cyst epithelia, but not in OSE. There was loss of immunoreactivity in some cyst epithelia, associated with loss of polarity. Preliminary LCM and real-time RT-PCR data revealed <5 fg E-cadherin mRNA/ng total RNA in OSE (n=10) and none in RO (n=4), whereas cyst cells expressed 15-60 fg/ng RNA (n=11). We conclude mouse ovarian inclusion cyst formation is not correlated with total ovulation number. Although some aspects of cyst histology resembled human serous cystadenomas, no malignant lesions were observed. Classification of cyst origin awaits further LCM with multi-gene cDNA array analysis, but the importance of analysis of both mRNA and protein expression has been demonstrated. [1] Clow, O.L., Hurst, P.R. and Fleming, J.S. (2002) Mol Cell Endocrinol 191, 105-11. [3] Tan, O.L., Hurst, P.R. and Fleming, J.S. (2005) J Pathol 205 (in press).


We analyze the polynomials Hnr(x) considered by Gould and Hopper, which generalize the classical Hermite polynomials. We present the main properties of Hnr(x) and derive asymptotic approximations for large values of n from their differential-difference equation, using a discrete ray method. We give numerical examples showing the accuracy of our formulas.


The article analyzes the use of systematic approach in educational researches; features, properties and basic components of educational space of University are revealed.


Effective field theory predicts that the leading nonuniversal effects in the homogeneous Bose gas arise from the effective range for S-wave scattering and from an effective three-body contact interaction. We calculate the leading nonuniversal contributions to the energy density and condensate fraction and compare the predictions with results from diffusion Monte Carlo calculations by Giorgini, Boronat, and Casulleras. We give a crude determination of the strength of the three-body contact interaction for various model potentials. Accurate determinations could be obtained from diffusion Monte Carlo calculations of the energy density with higher statistics.


The fact that Theory of Mind (i.e. the ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others) develops during childhood, has inspired many studies on what factor(s) drive this development. One of the factors that is thought to influence Theory of Mind development is language. It is however unclear what aspects of language (general abilities, semantics or syntax) are a prerequisite for the development of first-order and second-order false-belief. The current study tested what parts of language correlated significantly with Theory of Mind development.

Two experiments were carried out: the first analysed the use of complex syntax and mental state verbs by 103 children (ASD, ADHD, TD) aged 6 to 12 in a spontaneous narratives production task, the other tested 55 children aged 7 to 10 on a double embedding sentence elicitation task. The spontaneous production task revealed that children with a better working memory and false-belief performance produced longer clauses and fewer morphosyntactic errors. Also, both first- and second-order false-belief reasoning were related to the use of main clauses, MLU and clause coordination. The strongest correlational pattern was found for the hypothesis on the link between general language abilities and Theory of Mind performance: the better the overall quality of the child's narratives (longer MLU, lower rate of morphosyntactic errors, etc.), the better the child's performance on the false-belief task.
Given that children are not likely to produce double embedded sentences in spontaneous production, a sentence elicitation experiment was designed to test a complex variant of De Villiers' syntactic hypothesis: the foundation for Theory of Mind is the child's understanding of tensed complements embedded in another clause. In the task, children had to produce single and double embeddings for pictures that showed cartoons with single or double embedded thought-bubbles and thinking clouds. There was a significant correlation between the production of double embeddings and the performance on second-order false-belief questions (r=0.49), but not between the double embeddings and the first-order false-belief questions. Children who performed well on both FB1 and FB2 questions were more likely to produce double embeddings than children who only mastered first-order false-beliefs; they were most likely to produce single embeddings.
The results show that there is a relationship between language and Theory of Mind. In the more spontaneous experimental setting, it is especially the relationship between general language abilities and false-belief performance that lightens up most clearly, whereas the controlled experiment found support for De Villiers syntactic hypothesis. Interestingly, the controlled experiment showed that De Villiers claims may also be extended to the domain of second-order false-beliefs: the performance on second-order false-beliefs is strongly related to the child's production of double embeddings.


AAC is the formula constituted of 2 medicinal herbs, Astragali radix and Angelicae radix (1:1). Erythropoietin (EPO) is a hormone that promotes the formation of red blood cells and initiates the synthesis of hemoglobin, the molecule within red cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of AAC on erythropoietin expressions in rat kidneys and on anemia induced by CYP. Male 4‐week‐old SD rats were divided into four groups and treated following the experimental protocol. After treatment, RT‐PCR was carried out to evaluate the effects of AAC on erythropoietin expressions. Some blood parameters were measured and calculated. Other serum parameters were also measured. The EPO fragment was detected at 365 bp. EPO mRNA levels were decreased in CYP only‐treated group than in the normal, while increased in AAC treated group. FER were 36.3, 30.8, 32.5, and 29.2% in the normal, control, AAC, and EPO groups, respectively. The levels of RBC, WBC, platelet, hematocrit, and Hb in the control group significantly decreased than in the normal, whereas those in AAC or EPO treated group increased than in the control group. Serum iron concentration, TIBC, and vitamin B12 have ameliorated in the AAC‐treated group. In conclusion, AAA has an enhancing effect on EPO expressions at mRNA level in rat kidneys with anemia induced by CYP and AAC could recover chemotherapy derived anemia by improving hematological values and vitamin B12 status.


To understand the development status of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) hospitals in Northwest China under the background of the Belt and Road initiative(B&R), this study analyses the health resource index of TCM hospitals in Northwest China, and finds that the development of TCM hospitals in Qinghai and Ningxia is relatively slow, the recognition of ethnomedical services is relatively low among the residents. Regional linkage could be used to co-ordinately facilitate the development of TCM hospitals in Northwest China. B&R could be taken advantage of to promote the high-quality development of local ethnic medicine. Cultivating composite TCM talents, promoting poverty alleviation with TCM services, advocating TCM culture could all be utilized to build the People-to-people bonds along the new Silk Road.


Interleukin2(IL2)and Interleukin6(IL6)levels in bursa F and thymus of Chinese Taihe and AA broilers(n=10,5♂and 5♀)were tested,and growth hormone receptor mRNA expression in thymus of the both broilers(n=4,2♂and 2♀)was determined by RTPCR.Results showed that IL2 levels in bursa of both broilers were no different at 5 days of age,but at 20 and 50 days of age in Taihe chickens were higher than in AA broilers(P005).IL2 levels in thymus of both broilers were no different at 5 and 50 days of age,but at 20 days of age in Taihe chickens were higher than in AA broilers(P005W).There was no different in bursa IL6 levels of both broilers at 20 and 50 days of age,but Taihe chickens were higher than in AA broilers(P005)at 5 days of age;and there was no different in thymus IL6 levels of both broilers at any age.Thymus GHR mRNA expression levels in Taihe chickens at 10 and 20 days of age were higher than in AA broilers(P005).Expression levels in Taihe chickens at 5 days of age were lower,increased at 1020 days,and decreased at 50 days of age;while expression levels in AA broilers at 5 days of age were higher,decreased at 1020 days,and increased at 50 days of age.Changing regularities of thymus GHR mRNA expression levels of the two kinds broilers coincide with IL2 level in thymus of the each broiler species.


Battery-less devices offer potential solutions for maintaining sustainable IoT networks. However, limited energy harvesting capacity can result in power failures that limit system quality of service. To maximize energy efficiency while meeting the timely requirement of intermittent systems, we propose a response time prediction for tasks in battery-less devices, considering both delays from multiple task interference and insufficient system energy, and then present a dynamic wake-up strategy to improve timely task progress. The proposed algorithms are implemented in a lightweight operating system on real devices.


This contribution addresses the problem of highly resolving the propagation time difference of arrival (TDOA) associated with signals in multipath communication channels for wireless indoor positioning. The Unitary Matrix Pencil (UMP) algorithm is enhanced and applied in a new way to estimate the propagation time delays from the estimated space channel frequency response (S-CFR) using MIMO-OFDM systems. The performance of using wideband orthogonal multicarrier signals and multiple antennas for wireless positioning are presented. A non-iterative least square (LS) estimator is also presented to estimate the mobile unit (MU) coordinates based on the TDOA observations. Experimental results using the emerging IEEE 802.11ac standard show that accuracy in the range of two cm can be achieved for two-dimensional (2-D) wireless indoor positioning.


Analyzing the shortcomings in collecting web page information by the traditional way of HttpClient,we focused on the ways to use HtmlUnit technology to collect information from web pages by using rich JavaScript technology or Ajax technology.We also discussed the ways to log in web sites by using HtmlUnit in Java program,and we provided examples and implementations.Meanwhile,we made JavaScript parsing speed comparison tests in the HtmlUnit browser kernel,and arrived at the final conclusions based on our analysis.


Many investigations on the effect of low protein diets reduce crude protein (CP) and have a constant standardized ileal digestible (SID) LYS resulting in reductions in ADG, ADFI, and gain:feed is some cases. This experiment was conducted to determine the impact of maintaining constant non-essential amino acids and changing SID LYS and other essential amino acids. For the experiment, 288 pigs (~22 d of age, 6.61 ± 0.95 kg, 8 replicates/treatment, 6 pigs/pen) were stratified by body (BW) and randomly allotted to one of 6 treatments in a randomized complete block design. Non-essential amino acids were fixed in all diets and synthetic amino acids were added to increase SID LYS from 1.15% to 1.4% while maintaining constant ratios of MET+CYS, THR, TRP, VAL, and ILE to LYS. Diets were corn, wheat, barley, and soy based with 1.1% corn starch in the least SID LYS diet. Synthetic amino acids were added to the diet at the expense of corn starch to maintain non-essential amino acid levels. The CP ranged from 17.8% when SID LYS was 1.15% and 18.6% when SID LYS was 1.4%. Experimental diets were fed for 21 d. Body weight, feed disappearance, visual fecal scores, and visual piglet scores were measured. Visual fecal scores (1 = normal to 4 = watery) and visual pig appearance scores (1 = pale and hairy to 4 = normal color and well-rounded muscle) were assessed on ordered likert scales to determine the probabilities of observing a more normal stool quality and a worse visual appearance, respectively. Performance data were analyzed as a general linear model. Stool quality and visual appearance were analyzed as a generalized linear mixed model. Contrasts were used to test linear and quadratic effects of dietary SID LYS. Results of the experiment are presented in Table 1. Increasing SID LYS with constant non-essential amino acids did not affect ADG or BW. The ADFI was linearly decreased (P < 0.1) and gain:feed was linearly increased (P < 0.0001) with increasing SID LYS (Table 1). Stool quality was not affected. Visual appearance of the pigs was quadratically affected (P < 0.05) by changing SID LYS. Pigs that had consumed diets with the lowest or highest SID LYS had the best visual appearance (lowest probability). The results of the current experiment differ suggest SID LYS may regulate feed intake and nutrient efficiency, but BW gain is not affected when non-essential amino acids are held constant. This differs from cases where CP is reduced, which results are decreased growth in many cases.


This paper presents an argument to the effect that the relation of exact similarity with respect to properties that are supervenient cannot be transitive. The point of departure is that, while a difference in respect of supervenient properties entails a difference in respect of subvenient properties, exact similiarity in respect of supervenient properties is compatible with differences in respect of subvenient properties. It is logically possible that two such sets of differences that each individually is insufficient for a difference as regards the supervenient property together are sufficient for such a supervenient difference. This possibility claim is incompatible with the necessity claim entailed by the transitivity of exact similarity. Several objections to this argument are then considered.


This technical report contains a listing of a general program for multi-configuration Hartree--Fock (MCHF) calculations, including its documentation. Several examples are given showing how the program may be used. Typical output for several cases is also presented. This program has been tested over an extended period of time for a large variety of cases. This program is written for the IBM 360 or 370 in double-precision arithmetic.


Analytic mathematical models for the static spin ($G_-$) and density ($G_+$) local field factors for the uniform electron gas (UEG) as functions of wavevector and density are presented. These models closely fit recent quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) data and satisfy exact asymptotic limits. This model for $G_-$ is available for the first time, and the present model for $G_+$ is an improvement over previous work. The QMC-computed $G_\pm$ are consistent with a rapid crossover between theoretically-derived small-$q$ and large-$q$ expansions of $G_\pm$. These expansions are completely determined by $r_\mathrm{s}$, the UEG correlation energy per electron, and the UEG on-top pair distribution function. We demonstrate their utility by computing uniform electron gas correlation energies over a range of densities. These models, which hold over an extremely wide range of densities, are recommended for use in practical time-dependent density functional theory calculations of simple metallic systems. A revised model of the spin susceptibility enhancement is developed that fits QMC data, and does not show a ferromagnetic instability at low density.


One does not often come across a book that brings together philosophy, the history of ideas, psychoanalysis and the world of art. Yet that is the complex task that the two authors of this book have managed to accomplish. To use a metaphor from the book, let us get on board the pick-up truck that the boy in the first chapter of this unusual book somehow 'sees' among the countless stains on the floor, for thereby we can observe the precarious conquest of the symbols that will enable us to embark on equally unimaginable journeys. We enter the caves of Altamira, where bison crouching in various positions come to life in ways that open up new horizons. But what is the status of images in philosophy? Or better, what has it been? From its humble origins, it has increasingly become an object of interest and study, even if for Freud ''thought concerning images is primitive thought [...] In dreams we speak through images, only by necessity [...] images must be transformed into words'' (p. 31). This is a book that, as it develops, presents us with a very rich iconography, opening up new worlds in the extraordinary and in-depth encounters it allows us to make with characters and scenarios dear to us analysts. An example of this is the fascinating story that unfolds in the chapter 'Sopravvivenza e Formule del Pathos' ['Survival and Formulae of Pathos'], where we enjoy a magical encounter with Binswanger at the Bellevue, with Freud, and with Warburg while he delivered his lecture of 1923 entitled 'The Ritual of the Snake'. Warburg here discusses the power of images to wound and to heal, the conquest of symbols but at the same time the precariousness of such a conquest. In this way, he denies that culture could cure human suffering. We are not far here from Freud's Civilization and Its Discontents (1930). For reasons of space, I can do no more than mention in passing the other powerful pages dedicated to Warburg, to his illness, to his recovery, to his works, and to his complex relationship with Binswanger and Kraepelin, which are recounted in very interesting documentary sources. In the same way, I cannot dwell on the other 'doubles' we come across in the book: Nietzsche and Burckhardt, Freud and Fliess, and in a sense Bion and Beckett too – all of whom are figures who also belong to our mental life, taking on a three-dimensional quality and becoming real people in the hands of the authors. Another person we encounter is Burckhardt (p. 60), a figure much discussed in historiography, who nonetheless also has some traits in common 1066 Book Reviews


CP patients in Indonesia is estimated at around 1–5 per 1,000 live births to 80% is a type of Spastic CP. In patients with Spastic CP legs stiffness that causes the formation of abnormal posture, walking gait, and decreased motor skills which can be treated by wearing the orthosis. HKAFO often used as a device for therapy and AFO used for daily. Control posture patients in daily activity be the most important point in increasing gross motor function. To maximize the use of orthosis for daily activity needed design development with the approach biomechanical aspect. Approach which includes power of motion feet, angles motion joints, and adjustment to the different character of CP Spastic.


Aim. Sufficient provision of women of reproductive age with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), vitamins and microelements is an important factor in optimizing the course and outcomes of pregnancy. Therefore, in therapeutic practice, methods of non-invasive and rapid assessment of the supply of омега-3-PUFAs in women: docosahexaenoic (DHA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) acid and synergistic micronutrients are in great demand.
Materials and methods. Collection and analysis of data from a cross-sectional study of Russian women of reproductive age (1835 years old, n=1368).
Results. A verified 100-point scale for a non-invasive rapid assessment of a woman's status by омега-3-PUFA is proposed. This scale, based on the established correlations between the omega-3 index (% EPA + % DHA in the blood), makes it possible to identify patients with normal values of the omega-3 index in the blood (more than 4%) with a sensitivity of 65% and a selectivity of 88%. Score values less than 60 correspond to an insufficient value of the omega-3 index (sensitivity 81%, selectivity 65%).
Conclusion. The correlations established in this study between the reduced supply of omega-3-PUFAs and other micronutrients (vitamins E, K, A, B1, B2, PP, B6, folates, magnesium, selenium, copper and iron) suggest the presence of combined micronutrient deficiencies in women with low value of the score on the developed scale.


. The authors, subject to the importance of constitutional control in the system of separation of powers in most countries, proposed in this paper a comparative legal analysis of the regulatory legal acts governing constitutional proceedings in European and CIS countries. They concluded on the basis of the study of the legal consolidation of constitutional legal proceedings, the nature of the organizational autonomy of constitutional courts, and the possibility of establishing rules for own constitutional proceedings as one of the guarantees of the independence of the body of constitutional justice that, regardless of how the issue of legal regulation of constitutional proceedings is resolved, this type of process plays an important role in ensuring and protecting fundamental human and civil rights and freedoms and constitutions considered in this paper.


The importance of SMEs in employment creation, widening of tax revenues and wealth creation is appreciated and support needs to be channeled to grow this sector. The role of business incubation services in supporting growth of SMEs has not been thoroughly examined. The objective of this study was to establish the influence of business incubation services on the growth of SMEs. The study targeted the graduates of business incubation services who were running their own SMEs. A descriptive research design was adopted and a stratified random sampling technique was used to group and identify respondents from homogenous groups. The study was guided by the research objectives which sought to establish the influence of business management skills, networks, access to sources of finance and innovation incentives provided during business incubation on growth of SMEs in Kenya. Spearman's correlation was used to analyse the results and obtained 0.78 which implies that the business incubation services strongly and positively influence the growth of SMEs in Kenya.


This paper describes autonomic nervous system activities caused by hyperthermia of far-infrared ray on human body. Designed protocol and analysis algorithm were evaluated by experiments on 20 subjects to analyze the characteristic of heart rate variability(HRV) signals which could be analyzed by FFT power spectrum and time-frequency analysis. Using Poincare' plot analysis, LF and HF were compared with SD1 and SD2. During the experiment, subject was exposed to hyperthermic effects of far-infrared radiation. We could confirm that far-infrared ray, which was known to improve the blood circulation, stress state and enhancing thermal effect into human body, had an effect on human nervous system. As the hyperthermic temperature of far-infrared ray increased, the activity of cardiovascular system to sustain the homeostasis was observed by means of investigating the increase of the sympathetic activity


To determine if tympanic membrane perforation offers any protection from inner ear damage and determine the incidence and pattern of otologic blast injury in military personnel returning from deployment.


Objective: To discuss the change of memory and emotion disorder after the SAS has been treated by CPAP. Method:To grade memory and emotion disorder in 25 SAS cases and 12 pure sonorous rhonchi cases by measuring scale. To grade again after treatment in 12 SAS cases. Result:The memory scores in SAS is much lower than in the control. There are 12 mood disorder cases in 25 SAS cases. The score about memory and emotion increased in 12 SAS cases after treatment by CPAP. Conclusion: There are mood disorder related to hypoxemia and sleep structure about memory and emotion disorder in the SAS, which can be improved by CPAP.


Gingiva and submandibular lymph nodes from 12 squirrel monkeys that had been sensitized to ovalbumin, and from 4 unsensitized monkeys, were studied for the presence of cells containing specific antibody after intracrevicular challenge with ovalbumin-soaked thread. Immunofluorescent methods were used to identify antibody to ovalbumin in cells in these tissues.

The chronic allergic response in the gingiva of sensitized animals that had been challenged three times per week for three months did include cells containing antibody to the antigen used for sensitization and challenge. Such cells were not found in gingiva from similarly treated unsensitized monkeys, or from sensitized monkeys challenged for a shorter time.

A few antibody-containing cells were found in the submandibular lymph nodes ipsilateral to chronic intracrevicular placement of antigen in unsensitized animals, indicating active sensitization by gingival absorption of antigen. Antibody formation by cells in submandibular nodes, induced by systemic sensitization, was continued in nodes ipsilateral to gingival challenge, but tended to disappear in contralateral nodes.


This paper evaluates state intervention through South African government policy by assessing the implementation of the Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (B-BBEE) Act. First introduced in 2003, this Act has played a significant role in advocating corporate social responsibility in aims to amend the discrimination Black South Africans faced during times of apartheid (formally 1948-1991). I argue that this lingering historical bias from apartheid continues to inhibit Black South Africans from a socio-economic standpoint today; however, BBBEE as it stands today falls short of its potential to provide increased opportunity and empowerment among all races. Thus, a reformed version of B-BBEE is compulsory to increase economic empowerment for Blacks.


This paper summarizes research articles concerning liquid filtration technology in the 10th World Filtration Conference(WFC) from the angles of cake filtration,deep bed filtration,centrifugal separation,testing and evaluation of filtration medium performance,research trend of filtrating material and application of liquid filtration in the filed of water treatment.It also discusses the gap between China and western countries in filtration and separation technology including basic theoretical research,large-sized equipment,integration of function,diversification of product,technology for specialized purpose,etc.Finally,it forecasts the research field and the development trend of Chinese liquid filtration technology.


The Achilles sleeve avulsion consists of tendon avulsed from the posterior calcaneus as a continuous sleeve, without avulsion of a bony element.1,2 The tissue remaining to the calcaneus is represented by a small tuft that does not provide enough tissue for a direct repair of the Achilles tendon to the donor site. Proximally displaced calcifications within the Achilles insertion may be a radiographic clue to the presence of the Achilles sleeve avulsion. An MRI confirms the presence of a sleeve avulsion (Fig. 1). Achilles sleeve avulsions are often associated with a large posterior-superior calcaneal prominence and premonitory insertional Achilles tendon pain. An operative technique has been previously described utilizing an extensile approach which facilitates repair by capturing the Achilles tendon with suture, resecting the posterior-superior calcaneal prominence, and securing the tendon to the posterior surface of the calcaneus via a transcalcaneal suture technique.1,2 This repair technique has been shown to provide a reliable, durable repair, with excellent clinical results, even in highdemand patients. In our earlier report, we utilized a standard incision approach for suture capture and mobilization of the Achilles tendon. In many patients, such as those with suboptimal skin conditions, marginal circulation, complicating medical comorbidities (e.g., diabetes, steroid use) in whom wound healing is potentially impaired, it is prudent to limit the length of the skin incision(s), provided that such an approach does not restrict the technical goals of the operation.


This study was construction Proportion of defective -chart based on Six-Sigma and comparison with Proportion of defective -chart based on three-Sigma.                                                                                The study concluded that the Proportion of defective -chart based on six-Sigma has better property than Proportion of defective -chart based on three-Sigma, because Proportion of defective -chart based on six-Sigma have the smallest control interval, The quality control charts has been drawn by using program (Statgraphics).


Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and other immune cells have been reported as a prognostic factor in several tumors, including gastric cancer, and they play an important role in antitumor effect at the primary site. There were few reports on the immune status in peritoneal metastatic lesions for gastric cancer.


This paper deals with a class of neutral-type complex-valued neural networks with delays. By means of Mawhin's continuation theorem, some criteria on existence of periodic solutions are established for the neutral-type complex-valued neural networks. By constructing an appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, some sufficient conditions are derived for the global exponential stability of periodic solutions to the neutral-type complex-valued neural networks. Finally, numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness and merits of the present results.


Although Kenneth W. Warren was certainly on the ground before 1993, Black and White Strangers: Race and American Literary Realism (1993) put him on the map. This study takes up Toni Morrison's mandate that our discipline acknowledge the "thunderous, theatrical presence of black surrogacy" in whiteauthored canonical texts (13), or, in Warren's even broader terms, the "myriad roles that the idea of race has played in creating and deforming [our] imaginative literature . . . and indeed in shaping and deforming the whole of America" (Black and White 16). Through judicious, rigorous readings of William Dean Howells, George Washington Cable, Albion Tourgée, John De Forest, and especially Henry James—often paired with the likes of Frances E. W. Harper, Anna Julia Cooper, and W.E.B. Du Bois—Warren demonstrates how realism's ethical program, class biases, racial blind-spots, and internal contradictions as cultural work helped to foster "a climate of opinion that undermined the North's capacity to resist Southern arguments against political equality" for blacks in the turbulent post-Reconstruction era (13). Warren probes the illustrative case of Century magazine, under the gate-keeping of


How is the severity of chronic asthma best assessed and what are the mechanisms that determine its severity? These two questions are difficult to answer because, until we understand what asthma is, it is not possible to describe its severity in a given individual. In the shorter Oxford English Dictionary severity in relation to disease is defined as "violence or acuteness of illness" or "grievousness of affliction". The former definition is useful for exacerbations or attacks. Clinicians have had little difficulty in agreeing on defining the severity of attacks.1 2 The latter definition seems relevant to the severity of the chronic disease which is the subject of these comments. Until recently the severity of asthma was rarely assessed, but with the increasing use of guidelines and drug trials the concept of severity has emerged. The GINA guidelines1classify the disease as intermittent and persistent with severe, moderate, and mild degrees of the persistent disease. There are now a number of scores available to define the severity of asthma3-5 based on a combination of symptoms, measurements of airway function, and need for medication.

It seems likely that asthma results from the presence of both airway inflammation and abnormal behaviour of the airway smooth muscle, and severity—as measured by scores—will be determined by the factors that affect both.

### AIRWAY INFLAMMATION

The gold standard for the severity of airway inflammation is the degree of histological change seen on a biopsy specimen of the airway wall. In theory, the severity is judged in terms of: the number of eosinophils, lymphocytes, the upregulation of Th2-type cytokinins in all layers of the airway wall, the amount of thickening of the wall, the epithelial damage, and the thickness of the basement membrane. Attempts have been made to correlate severity with histological measurements. Cho et al 6 …


This thesis presents the results of the first accelerator experiment of the neutrino oscillation with 250 km long base line. Muon neutrinos are generated by 12 GeV proton synchrotron, travel 250 km, and are detected in Super-Kamiokande, to measure reduction during the travel. From June 1999 to June 2000, 2.29×1019 protons on target have been accumulated. The distribution of produced pions is measured by a gas Cherenkov detector. The measurement provides the neutrino energy spectra and the ratio of the flux at the far/near detector area. The direction of the neutrino beam and the stability of the flux are monitored by a near neutrino detector. Measurements of the secondary muon and the primary proton in beam line hold the stability on spill-by-spill basis. These measurements confirm that the neutrino beam is stable enough to extrapolate the number of neutrino events from near to far detector. The absolute value of the event rate is derived from the measurements at 1kt water Cherenkov detector in the near site. The extrapolation shows the expected number of events in Super-Kamiokande is 37.8 −4.0. Data of the corresponding period at Super-Kamiokande are analyzed. Super-Kamiokande observes 28 fully-contained events in 22.5 kt fiducial volume, with negligible background of o(10−3). Comparing the expectation and the observation, the probability of no change is 9.6%. The most likely explanation of this reduction is the neutrino oscillation. Assuming the hypothesis of νμ → νx oscillation with large mixing angle, the best estimation of Δm is around sevral of 10−3 eV. This is consistent with the recent assertion of the atmospheric neutrino observations.


A high-spectral-efficient joint coding modulation diversity(JCMD) scheme over multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) fading channels is proposed to meet the rapidly-increasing need of high-data-rate transmission in the future mobile communications.From a global viewpoint,the scheme introduces the space-time component interleaver and rotated modulation to jointly optimize the Turbo coding,QAM and MIMO processing.We firstly prove that the achievable rate of JCMD-MIMO is greater than that of the uniform-power-allocation BICM-MIMO.Based on the above theoretical analysis,an adaptive layer-selection JCMD-MIMO scheme with the optimum spatial component interleaver is proposed to obtain the maximum achievable rate.Simulation results turn out that this new scheme can obtain significant SNR gain as compared with the conventional BICM-MIMO schemes.


Abstract Members of the edgrewite Ca9(SiO4)4F2-hydroxyledgrewite Ca9(SiO4)4(OH)2 series, structural analogues of clinohumite-hydroxylclinohumite series, Mg9(SiO4)4(F,OH)2, were discovered in xenoliths of carbonate-silicate rock altered to skarn within ignimbrites of the Upper Chegem volcanic structure, Kabardino-Balkaria, Northern Caucasus, Russia. The new minerals occur sparingly in zones containing bultfonteinite, hillebrandite, jennite, and chegemite, as well as rare relics of larnite and rondorfite enclosed in a matrix of hydroxylellestadite. Edgrewite and hydroxyledgrewite are largely altered to jennite in places with admixed zeophyllite and trabzonite, and are preserved as elongate relics mostly 0.1-0.4 mm long in the central part of atoll-like pseudomorphs. The new minerals form a solid-solution series Ca9(SiO4)4(F,OH)2, in which the content of the edgrewite end-member Ca9(SiO4)4F2 ranges from 74% (F = 3.64 wt%) to 31% (F = 1.52 wt%). Structure refinement of crystals containing 51% and 37% of the edgrewite end-member gave, respectively, R1 = 3.03%, space group P21/b11 (no. 14), Z = 2, a = 5.06870(10), b = 11.35790(10), c = 15.4004(2) Å, α = 100.5980(10)°, V = 871.47(3) Å3; and R1 = 1.61%, space group P21/b11 (no. 14), Z = 2, a = 5.06720(10), b = 11.35450(10), c = 15.3941(2) Å, α = 100.5870(10)°, and V = 870.63(2) Å3. Minerals of the edgrewite-hydroxyledgrewite series are colorless, optically biaxial (+), 2Vmeas = 80(5)°; 2Vcalc = 78.7°; dispersion r > v, medium; orientation: Z = a, X ^ c = 12(2)°; edgrewite: α = 1.621(2), β = 1.625(2), γ = 1.631(2); hydroxyledgrewite: α = 1.625(2), β = 1.629(2), γ = 1.635(2) (589 nm). The micro-hardness VHN50 = 352-366 kg/mm2 corresponds to the Mohs scale of 5.5-6. 5. FTIR spectra of edgrewite and hydroxyledgrewite show resolved bands at (edgrewite/hydroxyledgrewite, cm-1): 3558 and 3551 and 3543/3554, absent/3486, 1075/1075, 996/996, 980/982, 934/933, 917/918, 904/903, 890/884, 864/864, 842/842, 818/820. Raman spectra are characterized by the following bands (edgrewite/hydroxyledgrewite, cm-1) at: 921/923, 889/890, 839/840, and 815/814 (SiO4 stretching), at: 556/559, 527/527, 423/419, 406/404, and 394/394 (SiO4 bending), 309/295, 269/256, and 163/166 (CaO6). In the OH stretching region three bands are noted at 3554, 3547, and 3540 cm-1 for edgrewite and two - 3550 and 3475 cm-1 for hydroxyledgrewite confirming the corresponding IR spectra. The major difference in Raman and IR spectra of edgrewite and hydroxyledgrewite is the presence of two resolved peaks in the OH stretching region at ca. 3550 and 3480 cm-1 for hydroxyledgrewite.


The theoretical solutions of elastic multilayered road structures under dynamic double-circular loads are derived using the transmission-reflection matrix(TRM) method and the superposition principle.By employing inverse Hankel transformation,the numerical results are obtained.The transmission-reflection matrices of elastic layered structure are of small size and free of any numerically unstable exponential terms which may greatly increase its efficiency and accuracy in applications.As a result,the TRM method can be valid for the large layer thickness and high frequency cases.The presented methodology is validated by comparing solutions with laboratory model tests.Some numerical results are presented and used to analyze the influence of pavement thickness and modulus on the vertical stress and displacement.The research results can be for reference in design of the road pavement and subgrade.


The results of a study for optimizing the driving signal of Optical Frequency Comb generators based on phase modulators with the aim of enhancing the spectral coverage of dual-comb spectrometers are presented and analyzed


Laura Purdie Salas grew up in Florida, currently lives in Minnesota, is a former teacher, and is now a prolific poet and frequent presenter with more than 130 books to her credit. She has authored both poetry and nonfiction, as well as resource books for educators and aspiring writers. Her work has been recognized with multiple awards, including selection as a National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) Notable book, an International Literacy Association Teachers' Choice, and a Junior Library Guild Selection.


The article discusses a study conducted between December 2007 and March 2008 that involved 19 gender-stratified focus groups with African American parents and adolescents from Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, to explore the process and content of parent—adolescent communication about sex. Discussions about intimate partner violence (IPV) and healthy relationships emerge inductively as critical topics in these conversations. The authors use a grounded theory approach to content analysis to identify and organize themes related to discussions on these topics. A total of 125 participants from 52 families are recruited for the study. Family history of child sexual abuse often motivates discussions. Mothers are described as the primary parent discussing sexual issues with children. Fathers primarily role model ideal male partnership behavior for sons and daughters. Parents seek to prevent daughters from experiencing sexual abuse or emotional manipulation by partners and focus on instilling a sense of responsibility to and respect for romantic partners in sons. Parents prioritize and express the need for tools to influence their adolescent's socialization as romantic partners. Mothers and fathers approach this process differently. Family-focused interventions to prevent unhealthy relationships can build on parent's efforts.


In 2016, Thailand had integrated with the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). This causes technological competition increasing. Information Technologists are particularly important in this competition. The main aim of this research presents the essential features and characteristics of Information Technologists that were desired by the enterprises. Population of the study were the enterprises which run a business in Thailand. Samples of the research were 139 enterprises which were random selected. The samples comprise of 83 Thai enterprises and 56 foreign enterprises. The statistics employed for analyzing the data were mean, standard deviation and independent t-test. The research results show that enterprises need Information Technologists who have four essential features. These are Knowledge and Abilities' Characteristics, Management's Characteristics, Information Technology Skill's Licenses, Ethics and Moral's Characteristics. If Information Technologists have these features and characteristics, they will be desired by enterprises. Entrepreneurs are confident that they can work more efficiently.


Multiple backlogged stations communicating withacentral receiving nodeorAccess Point using IEEE 802.11MAC isanalyzed. When packets aresent simultaneously often oneofthepackets canbesuccessfully received bytheAccess Point duetopowercapture effect. Several schemes forassigning transmit powerlevel toeach station areinvestigated along with twocapture models. We apply a wellknowsaturation throughput methodology developed byBianchi (1)whichwasrecently simplified allowing schemes other than Binary Exponential Backoff to beanalyzed. Withstations indifferent radio conditions the userpopulation isnothomogeneous andthecollision probability isnotfixed. Twoschemes areinvestigated in whicheachstation iseither assigned afixed powerlevel fromasetofklevels orrandomly chooses apowerlevel for eachtransmission fromthesameset. We showthat power capture improves performance of802.11 inthebasic mode foreachscheme. We alsocalculate individual user throughput andshowthat significant faimess imbalance arises withfixed powerassignments. We also provide an upperboundforthethroughput assuming perfect knowledge ofthenumber ofcolliding stations.


Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of umbilical therapy in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(AECOPD) noninvasive mechanical ventilation concurrent abdominal distension patients.Method: Sixty patients were randomly divided into A group: umbilical therapy with routine treatment group.B group: conventional treatment group the differencd between the 2 groups,was compared.Result: The heart rate,respiration,blood gas analysis index,complications,airway peak pressure,airway pressure,mechanical ventilation time and pulmonary infection confrol(PIC) window appears time in A group has obvious difference compared with B group.Conclusion:Umbilical therapy with mechanical ventilation AECOPD treatment can effectively reduce the more abdominal distention,vomiting,aspiration to occur,improve the patient in the flesh,lower airway pressure,airway pressure peak platform,make lung infection control window time appear early,shortened accept mechanical ventilation time and reduced tracheal intubation rate make patients more easy to accept.


Evaluation of machine performance is certainly very necessary to improve company production performance, one of which can be done by knowing the value of performance effectiveness using the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) calculation. This research was conducted on the Kubota Double Suction Volute Pump Model DV-L centrifugal pump at PT. ABC. The purpose of this study is to determine the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) value based on availability, performance and rate of quality factors. To compare the company OEE values obtained with the Overall Equipment Effectiveness World Class standard and proceed with identifying six big losses and knowing the root causes of OEE values using a causal diagram. Calculations obtained an Availability value of 99,07%, Performance of 91,53% and Quality of 100% and an average OEE of 90,68%. It is known that the OEE value is at the OEE standard >85%, but the performance value of the pump is still below the JIPM performance standard of >95% so that corrective action can be taken to increase the performance value of the effectiveness of the clean water distribution process using the Kubota Double Secton Volute centrifugal pump Pump Model DV-L.


This study aims to determine the morphology, grain yield, grain quality, and minerals content (Fe and Zn) of white rice, brown rice and black rice lines produced by the Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR). The research used 25 rice genotypes consisting of nine white rice lines, ten brown rice lines, four black rice lines and two check varieties (Aek Sibundong and Ciherang). The experiment was conducted in the Pusakanegara Experimental Station, Subang, West Java from January to April 2016. The experiment used a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that three white rice lines yielded dry grain significantly higher than Ciherang (7.3 ton/ha) and four brown rice lines had grain yield significantly higher than Aek Sibundong (6.0 ton/ha). Four white rice and one black rice lines had high Fe content in endosperm (>15.0 ppm), while high Zn content (>25.0 ppm) was found in four white rice, two brown rice and one black rice lines. The lines that have high yield were not corelated by high Fe and Zn content, except for one brown rice line B13820E-MR-50-3-2 which had yield of 7.7 tons ha and a high Zn content (26.6 ppm).


Surface roughness is a fundamental property affecting a variety of physical phenomena including sediment transport and the interaction of acoustic energy with the seafloor. Characterization of bottom roughness and its dynamics is therefore essential for understanding and quantifying the influence of the sediment microtopography. Extensive field measurements of bottom roughness have been taken recently with an end‐to‐end digital photogrammetry system providing quantitative, two‐dimensional surface roughness measurements on spatial scales of approximately a millimeter to a meter. Results of these measurements have shown that sediment surfaces in shallow water are often anisotropic and/or exhibit non‐Gaussian height distributions, both of which have the potential to strongly affect seafloor acoustic scatter. For these kinds of surfaces, simple roughness parameters such as rms height or the slope and offset of a power‐law representation of the power spectra will not give a sufficiently complete description. T...


Recent arbovirus surveillance along the lower Colorado River between Needles, CA and Yuma. AZ, revealed the presence of Aedes purpureipes Aitken with the capture of a small number of females in CDC traps baited with dry ice (Jakob et al. 1985) and COz traps (Meyer et al. 198?). Subsequently, on the night of September 80, 1987, 14 adult females of. Aedes thelcter Dvat were collected by COu traps at 3 sites in Bard, Imperial County, CA. Females were collected at the intersection of Ross and Levee roads, along Levee Road near the Colorado River and on the Cocopah Indian Reservation near Haughtelin Lake. The maximum distance between capture points was approximately 8 km and indicated that Ae. thcltter may be well established in the Bard Valley area. Despite ongoing mosquito surveillance activities, Ae. thelcter,like Ae. purpurelpes, possibly evaded previous detection as a consequence of low population densities and specialized breeding requirements. Previously, the most western records fot Ae. thelcter have been from west Texas (Carpenter and LaCasse 1955) and southeastern New Mexico (Miller et al. 1964) where larval development occurs in brackish oil field effluent and salt cedar (Tamarir) marshes. The Bard Valley collections represent a 750 km westward expansion in the range of. Ae. thel,cter in the southwestern United States (Arnell 1976. Darsie and Ward 1981). Since Ae. thelcter has not been reported from Arizona (Cochise, Pima and Santa Cruz counties) (McDonald et al. 19?3), possibly as a consequence of the lack of suitable breeding habitats, the distribution of this species must be considered disjunct between populations in southeastern New Mexico and extreme southeastern California. The COz traps that collected the largest number of female Ae. thelcter (11 in 2 traps) were located along the periphery of a large overflow


The Hydrogen Bond.—The September num-ber of the Transactions of the Faraday Society (Vol. XXXVI, No. 233, 1940) reports a general discussion of the Society on the "Hydrogen Bond" held on 17th May 1940 under the presi-dentship of Prof. E. K. Rideal, M.B.E., D.SC., F.R.S., Six papers were submitted for the session and a large number of scientists took part in the subsequent discussion. Reporting on the Hydro¬gen Bond in Protein structure, Astbury pointed out that proteins depend for the proper exercise of their functions, or even for their very exist¬ence, on the presence of water, of which they take up large quantities. The water that proteins take up fall roughly into two classes— the loosely bound and the tightly bound; and it is the tightly bound water that is linked by co-ordinate or hydrogen bonds with the oxygen or nitrogen atoms in the carbonyl, hydroxyl, imino and amino groups of the structure. The loosely bound or "free" water is taken up by the intermicellar spaces. The "salt-like link¬ages" and the "back-bone linkages" are discuss¬ed; the intermolecular hydrogen bridges are observed to show a close similarity to the back¬bone linkage of the extended fibrous proteins. The whole concept of polymerisation through oxygen-hydrogen-nitrogen bridges is concluded as being a generalisation of the familiar back¬bone linkage. Bawn, Hirst and Young, in pre¬senting their paper on the Nature of the Bonds in Starch, discussed the characteristics of the binding between the repeating units which go to make up the macromolecule of starch. Ex¬perimental evidence in regard to the properties of the starch molecule is shown to be inconsist¬ent with those of a structure held together by hydrogen bonds. A consideration of the kinetics of the disaggregation cf starch is shown to favour the hypothesis that the repeating units of starch are bound together by normal co-valent bonds as found in, for instance, the disaccharides. Sutherland summarised the main results of infra-red investigations in the study of the hydrogen bonds both intermclecular and intramolecular.


Useing martingale representation theorem and Girsanov theorem,an option pricing formula was derived for stock payment of continuous dividends with time-delay in the diffusion term and drift term.Research shows that stock option price can adjust to stock payment of continuous dividends with time-delay in the diffusion term and drift term.


Objective: The current study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of standardized hydroalcoholic extract of Asparagus racemosus (AR) against cisplatin (CP)-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats.Methods: AR extract was administered orally at three dose levels (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg). Vitamin E (250 mg/kg) was used as a standard nephroprotective agent. The kidney function test (estimation of serum creatinine, albumin, and blood urea nitrogen [BUN]), oxidative stress study (estimation of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde [MDA] activity), and histological examination of kidneys were conducted.Results: The efficacy of AR was compared with CP-treated group. Serum creatinine and BUN were significantly (p<0.001) elevated in CP-treated group compared to control group. Hydroalcoholic extract of AR (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and Vitamin E (250 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.001) decreased the serum creatinine and BUN levels. CP exhibited significant (p<0.001) decrease in albumin when compared to control. Significant (p<0.001) increase in the serum albumin level was found in extract-treated group compared to CP group. Significant (p<0.001) decrease in activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was observed in the CP group as compared to control. AR (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.01) increased SOD levels. AR (400 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.001) increased SOD levels. AR (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.001) decreased MDA levels as compared to CP group. Histopathological examination of the kidneys showed that AR markedly ameliorated CP-induced renal tubular necrosis. Extract was found effective at all doses, although high dose (400 mg/kg) was found to be more effective and comparable with standard group (Vitamin E 250 mg/kg).Conclusion: The present investigation revealed that AR resulted in dose-dependent attenuation of CP-induced renal damage in rats.


Peripheral nerve fibers close to the sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia displayed unusually thin myelin sheaths in relation to their axon diameter. Myelinated internodes along each fiber showed large differences in the numbers of myelin lamellae. These fibers are thought to represent spatial progression in degree of myelination as the axon egresses from the nonmyelinated glomerulus to the position of axonal bifurcation. This region is termed the initial complex of dorsal root ganglion cells. While the usual relationship between axon diameter and myelin sheath thickness is seen in the majority of dorsal root ganglion fibers, the fiber comprising each initial complex shows an atypical relationship in that the myelin sheath is unusually thin. Since the pattern of myelination in this small area is incongruous with previous reports attributing the control of myelin sheath thickness solely to axon diameter, the present findings indicate that other, unknown factors are operative in the control of myelination.


Starting from Hobbes and Hume in the 18th century, majority of philosophers have reached a consensus that free will and determinism can be reconciled. The so-called reconciliation theory holds that man's action's being causally determined in terms of his character(i.e., needs and motives) can by no means preclude his free will. To say that he can choose and act in accordance with his character is to say, per se, his action is causally determined.
Hardy's Tess of the D'Urbevilles has long been widely considered a fatalistic novel in which everything is determined and nothing free-willed. This confusion is the consequence of long sustained illusion that determinism forfeits tree will and vice versa. Close reading of the text reveals, however, that the book registers both the abundant evidences of tree will on the protagonist's part and those of determined actions and choices by the character of protagonist.


Late teens and early adulthood is the peak age of onset for mental disorders. Currently, there is a gap between primary mental health care and more intensive mental health services for young people in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Two headspace Early Intervention Teams (hEITs) were developed to bridge this gap in Sydney Local Health District (SLHD), in Sydney, Australia. This study aims to explore clinician experiences of hEIT after the first 2 years of implementation.