[Objective]This study was carried out to discuss the suitable nitrogen fertilizer application techniques of the cotton field under membrane drip irrigation in Bortala Prefecture.[Method]According to the field experiment,a study was conducted on the nitrogen fertilizer application techniques in cotton field with the different texture and different fertility under drip irrigation.[Result]The economic optimum application rate of nitrogen is 540.4 kg/hm2 in the lower fertility cotton field under drip irrigation,and the economic optimum yield is 2 158.9 kg/hm2,the economic optimum application rate of nitrogen is 675.8 kg/hm2 in the higher fertility cotton field under drip irrigation,and the economic optimum yield is 2 236.5 kg/hm2;and adequate basal fertilizer application can enhance the yield with consistent condition of the nitrogen fertilizer rate,and it is better when 30% was used as the basal fertilizer,70% drip application was the best in the lower fertility sandy soil in cotton field under drip irrigation,according to the principle of "slight in the earlier,heavy in the middle,supply in the later",and there is a significant effect on enhance boll weight,increase boll number and enhance yield when persist drip irrigation from budding stage stage to boll stage;The sustained drip application from budding stage to flower bolling stage can meet the demands of cotton growth in the soil with middle and high fertility.[Conclusion]It can gain higher yield and profit when application of urea is controlled within 525.0-560 kg/hm2 in cotton field under film drip irrigation.


The authors attempt to demystify the process of conducting cost effectiveness research by defining relevant terms and decribing the necessary steps. Two provious cost-effectiveness studies of family based treatment are briefly described to illustrate cost-analysis procedures that may be used in future family therapy research.


Pectis minutiflora,P. papposa var.grandis, andP. purpurea var.sonorae are described as new. A new combination,P. purpurea var.lancifolia also is included. Chromosome counts (n = 12) are reported forP. papposa var.grandis andP. purpurea var.sonorae.


ABSTRACTImage quilting is a texture synthesis technique to create a large texture by wrapping around patches of a smalltexture in a way that the repetition of small texture is not noticeable. The basic algorithm is to randomly selectsmall patches in a given texture. These patches are then positioned in a large texture to be synthesized and blendedacross boundaries to remove the appearance of boundaries across patches. The algorithm is useful to create largeisotropic textures from small isotropic textures. We have extended the algorithm to create large isotropic texturesfrom a given anisotropic texture by using only the desired areas in the synthesized texture.KeywordsTexture Synthesis, Isotropic Textures, Visualization 1 Introduction In a number of computer graphics applications, weneed to create textures that grow, almost without limit,in all directions. For example, modeling of genericterrain in flight simulators and game engines requirestexture models that can be grown from small textures.In such applications, a forest texture can be used tobuild a large terrain to represent a forest. However,a limited number of texture patterns creates a notice-able repetition of those patterns in the final rendering.This problem can be partially solved by creating tile-able textures, also known as isotropic toroidal texture[Bha03]. The isotropic part of the phrase refers to thefact that the texture represents a single type of object –it could be a patch of grass or forest, or a picture of


Based on the planar diffusion assumption,the solute boundary layer in lamellar eutectic growth under steady-state is estimated by means of modifying the conservation of mass at solid/liquid interface.It is found that the solute boundary layer along the growth direction is related to that along the solid/liquid interface.For transparent organic system CBr_4-C_2Cl_6 with eutectic composition,the difference in average compositions of the solid and the liquid at solid/liquid interface increases with increasing in growth rate.The average composition in the liquid at solid/liquid interface still closes to the eutectic one as the initial composition of the alloy is apart from the eutectic point. In addition,for a fixed growth rate,the ratio of the difference in average composition to the lamellar width changed with initial composition of the alloy is noticeably distinct.


Variation in the branching pattern of the internal iliac artery are occasionally encountered during cadaveric dissections and surgeries.Some of the variations are of surgical and clinical importance and ignoring them might result in alarming bleeding during surgical procedures.
We report variant branching pattern of the right internal iliac artery in a male caraveric specimen. The anterior division of the internal iliac artery gave origin to obturator and middle rectal arteries. Superior vesical artery took its origin from the obturator artery. The posterior division of the internal iliac artery gave iliolumbar, lateral sacral , superior gluteal and internal pudendal arteries. The inferior gluteal artery was absent.


The edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) process is mainly used to grow silicon ribbons and hollow cylinders as well as hollow polygons of various geometries. The development of the EFG process is primarily focused on technology improvements and cost reduction of wafers for photovoltaic applications. In case of the growth of hollow polygons, three-dimensional (3D) numerical analysis is extensively used because the system of polygonal geometry cannot be adequately described in axisymmetric statement. Electromagnetic simulations of the main and afterheaters predict the heat generation in the system. The calculated 3D temperature fields taking into account complex heat radiation conditions allow the analysis of the temperature profiles along and across the growing silicon tubes. The non-linear model consisting of electromagnetic and thermal simulations has been adjusted and successfully validated by experimental tests with industrial installations.


Mobile robotic systems with a wide variety of sensors, actuators, and onboard high-speed processors are commercially and readily available. The information processing capabilities of these system presently lack the robustness and sophistication of biological systems. One challenge is that the high-dimensional input signals from the sensors need to be converted into a smaller number of perceptually relevant features. This dimensionality reduction can be performed on static signals such as a single image or on dynamic data such as a speech spectrogram. This proceedings discusses several different models for dimensionality reduction that differ only on the constraints on the variables and parameters of the models. In particular, nonnegativity constraints are shown to give rise to distributed yet sparse representations of both static and dynamic data.


Bank slope sloughing is an important environmental geological problem,which not affects only the geological environment,but also the migration settlement loan,some villages in Xiaolangdi reservoir area are planed to migrated to reservoir bank zone.Through the prediction and evaluation of two new settlement site stability of the bank,it is shown that the bank slope stability is one of the important factors not to be ignored in the migration settlement plan.


The utility model discloses a gas stove energy-saving support. The gas stove energy-saving support comprises a windproof cover, a support base, vent holes and an energy-saving device, wherein the halfpace-shaped windproof cover is arranged above the hollow cylinder-shaped support base, the lower edge of the windproof cover is fixedly connected with the upper edge of the support base, and the surface of the support base is evenly provided with the vent holes. The energy-saving device comprises a fixing ring and a net, wherein the fixing ring is fixedly connected with the lower edge of the windproof cover, the net is mounted inside the fixing ring, and a through-hole is disposed at the center of the net. The gas stove energy-saving support can improve heating rate, reduce heating time so as to greatly save energy, improve gas combustion rate and reduce cost of cooking.


Disclosed is a curable resin composition that has significantly high transparency in the UV region, UV resistance and heat resistance, does not cause cracking, peeling or coloration even when used for sealing a UV LED to which high power is applied, and inhibits shrinking during curing. The curable resin composition includes 20-85 wt % of an alkoxy oligomer having a specific structure and present as liquid at room temperature and 15-80 wt % of a silicone resin present as solid at room temperature. The curable resin composition preferably includes 0.1-20 parts by weight of phosphoric acid, as a catalyst, based on 100 parts by weight of the combined weight of the alkoxy oligomer and the silicone resin.


Andaman and Nicobar Islands has indigenous goat breeds such as Teressa and Andaman local goat are used mainly for meat purpose, of which, Teressa breed has been recognized by Government of India (Jayakumar et al., 2016). As per the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, per capita availability and production of goat meat is lesser in Andaman & Nicobar Islands as compared to National average. Total number of goat population in Andaman and Nicobar Islands is 65324 as per the 19th Livestock Census of India (2012). There were some preliminary studies were conducted on goat management in Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Saha et al., 2004; Sunder, 2014; Sunder et al., 2016a; Sunder et al., 2016b).


An experiment was carried out to determine whether the yeast species Yarrowia lipolytica added to compound feeds for turkeys would have a more beneficial effect on their immunity and gut microflora composition than the commonly used species Saccharomyces cerevisiae. An additional aim of the study was to test whether the addition of a probiotic (Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis) to the feed containing Yarrowia lipolytica or Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast would enhance their effect. The experiment was carried out on growing turkey hens aged 7 to 112 days and randomly divided into six group/s (each n = 80). The birds in the control group (C) and group P were fed standard feeds, but group P additionally received a probiotic. Groups Y and YP received the feed containing the Yarrowia lipolytica fodder yeast, and the probiotic for the YP group. Similarly, in groups S and SP, the turkeys received the feed with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae fodder yeast, and the probiotic was additionally added to the feed for the SP group. Yarrowia lipolytica yeast can be an alternative to the commonly used yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in turkey feeds. Yarrowia lipolytica favourably influenced the intestinal microbiota (reduced the number of microorganisms – P < 0.001, fungi – P < 0.001, and coliforms – P < 0.001, including E. coli), and stimulated erythropoiesis (increased Hb content – P = 0.049 and RBC count – P = 0.027; increased Ht – P < 0.001) and immune mechanisms (increased the %pc – P = 0.021, NBT value – P = 0.013 and lysozyme content – P = 0.013; decreased IgM concentration – P = 0.049). The combined use of a probiotic with yeast, particularly Yarrowia lipolytica, has a more beneficial effect on the gut microbiota than the use of Yarrowia lipolytica alone. The combined use of a probiotic with a yeast, particularly Yarrowia lipolytica, has a more beneficial effect on the gut microbiota than the use of Yarrowia lipolytica alone.


N-butyl titanate as raw materials,urea as nitrogen source,the nano-TiO_2 was loaded in a multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MCNTs) surface,and then to prepare nitrogen-doped MCNTs/TiO_2 photocatalytic composite by sol-gel method.The crystal structure and morphology of the composite were studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM),the absorption performance of the composite was studied by UV-visible(UV-Vis) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,and the photocatalytic degradation performance of the composite on methyl orange also was studied when the composite exposed to natural light.The results show the absorption performance of the nitrogen-doped MCNTs/TiO_2 photocatalytic composite was high than that of the pure TiO_2,and the photocatalytic efficiency was 2.77 times of the latter,the catalytic efficiency of the former on methyl orange after natural sunlight photocatalytic 1 h could reach 44.8%.


We report a direct observation of the dependence of the localization energy of ${D}^{0}$X and ${D}^{0}$h complexes as a function of the mass ratio \ensuremath{\sigma}. This has been done for indium phosphide, using hydrostatic pressure at low temperature. After a comparative study of the pressure dependence of ${D}^{0}$X and ${D}^{0}$h from photoluminescence data collected at liquid-helium temperature we find an increase of the localization energy with the pressure for both complexes, but with different slopes. This allowed us to achieve an understanding concerning the mass-ratio dependence of these two types of complexes, which is believed to be helpful for the theoretical calculations of many-body problems.


IN any country the nature of the relationship between internal and external affairs, if it can be determined, provides a significant clue to the future development of foreign policy. Aside from this general consideration, several special circumstances have recently heightened interest in the relation between Soviet domestic politics and foreign policy. The upheavals in Soviet ruling circles in the mid-1950s raised the question of whether equally drastic changes in foreign policy might follow. The open friction between the U.S.S.R. and other Communist countries-particularly China-induces one to speculate about the nature of internecine rivalry in the Communist world. The sudden removal of Nikita Khrushchev from his positions as head of the Soviet Communist Party and Government has made the relationship between internal and external affairs in the U.S.S.R. one of the most urgent questions confronting political observers everywhere. Is it feasible, though, to analyse, to generalise, about the relationship between Soviet domestic and external policies? Certainly it is hard to study this relationship even in democratic, 'open' societies. The problem is greatly complicated by the obscurity in which policy formation in the U.S.S.R. is deliberately hidden. Not only is current policy consideration concealed, but there is no systematic disclosure, through legislative investigation, publication of official records or writing of personal accounts, of the factors behind policy decisions even in the distant past. Nevertheless, the exigencies of the Soviet struggle for power lead contestants to reveal more than their normally secretive tendencies would lead one to expect, especially in periods of upheaval like the last 12 years. Another obstacle is almost as hard to overcome as the veil of official secrecy. Soviet society is rapidly changing. Many generalisations which held good even in the early 1950s are now subject to question, and one can anticipate even more rapid change in the future. Most observers would probably agree, however, that the essential nature of the Communist power structure has not basically changed. This power system now has a history of almost half a century-a far longer experience than that of any other modern totalitarianism. Much of this history remains obscure, but important aspects are now reasonably


An integral comprehensive evaluation method for risk decision is presented.Through comprehensively evaluating risk decision,a partial order corretation diagram is obtained.It can give more information to the decision maker and help whom to make a correct and effective decision.


Biofilm formation induced by urease‐producing species can cause the increase of urine pH, and eventually lead to the blockage of catheters. In this study, a novel theranostic multilayer coating which combines both early visual warning of catheter blockage and antibacterial efficacy is described. The proposed coating comprised multilayered polymeric architecture using electrostatic self‐assembly (ESA) technique. In such a system, an inner layer of hydrogel PAA (poly (acrylic acid)) and middle layer of CS (chitosan) are employed to encapsulate an antibiotic delivery system that has sensitive colorimetric transition response upon pH elevation. The two layers are sealed and capped by a pH‐response layer of EUDRAGITS 100. The proposed coating sensor hydrogel exhibits chromatic color transitions (blue–purple–red) upon bacterial infection and provides an indication for both initial bacterial infection and subsequent blockage. Meanwhile, encapsulation of antimicrobials increases the amount of antibiotic resident in the vicinity of bacteria in residual urine solution and thus inhibiting bacterial growth.


Abstract Milk samples from 12 Brown Swiss cows were partially defatted by centrifugation at 2500× g for 30min at 37°C and then examined. Coagulation time at 140°C and tyrosine value, as an index of proteolysis, was determined for raw, chilled (2°C/48h), and forewarmed (95°C/10min) portions from each sample. Coagulation times of chilled samples were longer than those of corresponding raw milks. Coagulation times of forewarmed samples were shorter for 9 cows and longer for 3 cows than those of corresponding raw samples. Addition of β-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin, or sodium and potassium salts to raw milk did not affect heat stabilities of the resultant systems before or after chilling or forewarming. Tyrosine values increased both for chilled and forewarmed milks.


In previous work, the author analyzed the co-operations algebra for the second truncated Brown-Peterson spectrum at the prime $p=2$. The purpose of this paper is to carry out the necessary modifications to odd primes.


The ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}$ decay spectrum has been measured below 6.8 MeV/c using a hydrogen bubble chamber. The chamber was calibrated as an electron spectrometer using the 0.9- and the 1.4-MeV/c internal conversion lines from a ${\mathrm{Bi}}^{207}$ source. When the measured distribution was fitted to the Michel spectrum, the low-energy parameter $\ensuremath{\eta}$ was found to be -0.13\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.20, with $\ensuremath{\rho}$ constrained to be $\frac{3}{4}$. A two-parameter fit incorporating published data from spark-chamber measurements of the upper half of the spectrum gave the values $\ensuremath{\eta}=\ensuremath{-}0.12\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.21$ and $\ensuremath{\rho}=0.752\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.003$.


Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. and Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica are the most important bacterial zoonoses in pig production. The objective of this study was to Investigate their prevalence in fattening pigs and in pork. Furthermore, the effect of two Swiss animal-friendly housing programs, 'improved loose housing systems' (BTS) and 'regular access to outdoor facilities' (RAUS) on load of these pathogens in pigs and pork was evaluated. A total of 352 faecal pool samples (5 samples each) was taken from 41 conventional and 47 animal-friendly farms and cultured for all three microorganisms. From a group of pigs from each farm, meat samples were collected at the slaughterhouse and the presence of anti-Salmonella spp. antibodies was tested by meat juice analysis in the 1430 muscle tissue samples thus obtained. Additionally, in 283 retail stores, 865 samples of fresh pork were taken and culture was performed for all three microorganisms. Salmonella spp. was found in samples from two farms (2.3 %), however, all samples of pork were found to be negative. On 98.9 % of the fattening farms Campylobacter spp. was isolated but on retail level, only 0.2 % of the pork samples were found positive. Y. enterocolitica was found in samples from 63.3 % of the farms, but in only 15.4 % of pork samples. For all three bacteria, there was no statistically significant difference between the two housing systems. Our results document that it Is possible to produce pork under animal-friendly conditions without decreasing food safety.


Through vehicle-mounted GPS date and map-matching technique, vehicle GPS locating point was matched within the corresponding traffic region by using circle split method, and the issue of acquisition of region traffic state was resolved. In this paper, technique process of acquisition of region traffic state based on map matching was sketched firstly, then region matching method was deeply researched, circle split method was put forward to perform region matching, and speed distribution curve was obtained by calculation, thus feasibility of circle split method was verified.


The requirements for large leightweight antennas for various space applications has led to the investigation of many types of self-erecting space antennas. The techniques for achieving erectable antennas are discussed, along with the possibilities and problems that each presents to the antenna engineer. Some erectable antenna types, including several which have been built at Goodyear Aircraft Corporation, are described. These include an inflatable turnstile, mechanically erected parabolics, an inflatable lenticular, an inflatable airmat paraboloid and a foamed reflector. An example of the type of problem to be discussed includes the tradeoff between the structural aspects and the electrical design of the lenticular antenna, which uses fabric drop threads in its interior and therefore requires some attention to the dielectric constant of the medium to achieve equivalent electrical path lengths.


Based on a completely reconstructed archive of Persian, Hindi and Marathi documents, Nandini Chatterjee provides a unique micro-history of a family of landlords in Malwa, central India, who flourished in the region from at least the sixteenth until the twentieth century. By exploring their daily interactions with imperial elites as well as villagers andmarauders, Chatterjee offers a new history of the Mughal Empire from below, far from the glittering courts of the emperors and nobles, but still dramatic and filled with colourful personalities. From this perspective, we see war, violence, betrayal, enterprise, romance and disappointment, but we also see a quest for law, justice, rights and righteousness. A rare story of Islamic law in a predominantly non-Muslim society, this is also an exploration of the peripheral regions of the Maratha empire and a neglected princely state under British colonial rule. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.


Abstract Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has brought the decision-making process regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation into focus. This study aims to analyse Do-Not-Attempt CPR (DNACPR) documentation in older hospitalised patients before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This was a retrospective repeated cross-sectional study. Data including co-morbidities and resuscitation status was collected on 300 patients with COVID-19 hospitalised from March 1st to May 31 s t 2020. DNACPR documentation rates in patients aged ≥65 years with a diagnosis of COVID-19 were compared to those without COVID-19 admitted during the same period. Pre-COVID-19 pandemic DNACPR documentation rates were also examined. Factors associated with DNACPR order instatement during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic were identified. Results Of 300 COVID-19-positive patients, 28% had a DNACPR order documented during their admission. 50% of DNAR orders were recorded within 24 hours of a positive swab result for SARS-CoV-2. Of 131 patients aged 65 years or over within the cohort admitted with COVID-19, 60.3% had a DNACPR order compared to 25.4% of 130 patients ≥65 without COVID-19 (p < 0.0001). During a comparable time period pre-pandemic, 15.4% of 130 older patients had a DNACPR order in place (p < 0.0001). Independent associations with DNACPR order documentation included increasing age (Odds Ratio [O.R.] 1.12; 95% CI 1.05-1.21); nursing home resident status (O.R. 3.57; 95% CI 1.02-12.50); frailty (O.R. 3.34; 95% CI 1.16-9.61) and chronic renal impairment (O.R. 5.49; 1.34-22.47). The case-fatality-rate of older patients with COVID-19 was 29.8% versus 5.4% without COVID-19. Of older COVID-19-positive patients, 39.2% were referred to palliative care services and 70.2% survived. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted more widespread and earlier decision-making regarding resuscitation status. Although case-fatality-rates were higher for older hospitalised patients with COVID-19, many older patients survived the illness. Advance care planning should be prioritised in all patients and should remain clinical practice despite the pandemic.


This pair exemplifies a peculiar contrast that has been discussed in the linguistic community at least since Strawson (1964). While hearers who are aware of the nonexistence of a French king will feel squeamish about (1-a) they will judge (1-b) as plainly false. Strawson (1964) explains this contrast along the following lines. As starting point, definite descriptions such as the king of France are taken to introduce a presupposition asking for the existence of a suitable referent1. This contrasts with the Russellian treatment of definite descriptions, where this statement of existence is construed as part of the semantics proper. Under the presuppositional Strawsonian view, the hearer's squeamishness in case of (1-a) is expected: since his belief is contradictory to the presupposition he is not able to judge the sentence as either true or false. However, one would expect the same squeamishness in case of (1-b) along the same lines of reasoning. Strawson took the observed judgements as a direct indication of the presuppositionality of the description in question. Since (1-a) induces squeamishness and (1-b) is judged as false, he concluded that the first carries the (failed) existential presuppositions while the latter does not carry that presupposition at all. He then resorted to the information structural notion of topicality to explain the presence/absence of the presupposition. Here topicality is understood in the aboutness sense, i.e. as marking


Background: Xanthan gum is an industrialized polysaccharide produced by Xanthomonas genus. Alternative carbon sources for Xanthomonas culturing may help reducing its production cost. Nejayote, a residue from maize nixtamalization process, is an alternative culture medium substrate to produce xanthan. In this study, industrial and semi-industrial nejayote alone or in combination with supplements, were tested for xanthan production by Xantomonas campestris (1 × 108 cells/mL inoculum), using YGC medium as control, in 100 mL and 1 L volumes. Cellular growth was determined by the colorimetric MTT reduction assay (OD 540 ). Xanthan pyruvate and acetyl groups from nejayote plus supplement cultures in the bioreactor were evaluated (OD 570). Results: Industrial nejayote steadily produced up to 4 g/L xanthan, as compared with YGC medium control, which increased its production over time up to 9.3 g/L at 96 h. Cellular activity assay revealed that the highest values after 24 h (3.88 and 2.71 OD 540 for YGC and industrial nejayote, respectively). Nejayote supplemented with MgSO4 •7 H2O resulted in the highest xanthan production (10.8 g/L), but low cell growth (3.6 and 1.82 OD 540 for YGC and nejayote plus supplement, respectively), after 96 h of culture. Furthermore, gum yield reached up to 6 g/L and 1.9 OD 540, after 96 h of nejayote plus supplement culture, using a 14 L bioreactor. Xanthan pyruvate and acetyl groups from nejayote plus supplement cultures in the bioreactor resulted in similar amounts (0.107 and 0.130 OD 570 , respectively), compared with a commercial biopolymer (0.148 and 0.127 OD 570 respectively). Conclusions: X. campestris effectively grew and produced industrial-quality xanthan gum in nejayote substrate-containing culture medium, thus providing an inexpensive alternative for bioremediation.


Nanostructured materials have received a lot of attention because of their novel properties. Nanotubes are an important category of one-dimensional nanostructured materials can be prepared from carbon. A topological index is a real number that is derived from molecular graphs of chemical compounds. Such numbers based on the distances in a graph are widely used for establishing relationships between the structure of molecules and their physico-chemical properties. The distance between atoms of a molecular graph is the length of a minimal path connecting them. The Wiener index was the first distance based topological index introduced early by Harold Wiener. It is defined as the sum of distances between any two carbon atoms in the molecules, in terms of carbon-carbon bonds. We encourage the reader to consult papers and references therein, for further study on the topic. We now recall some algebraic notations that will be used in the paper. Suppose G is a graph and e is an edge of G. If e connects the vertices u and v then we write e = uv. Let d(u,v) denote the distance between vertices u and v in G. The Hosoya polynomial of G is defined as where the sum is over all unordered pairs {u,v} of distinct vertices


The present situation of research in robust of resource constrained project schedules is analyzed systematically.And then,A classification is proposed for project schedule robust.On the basis of the classification,influential factors of intrinsic robust are analyzed systematically.


One of the deepest ideological divides in contemporary epistemology concerns the relative importance of belief versus credence. A prominent consideration in favor of credence-based epistemology is the ease with which it appears to account for rational action. In contrast, cases with risky payoff structures threaten to break the link between rational belief and rational action. This threat poses a challenge to traditional epistemology, which maintains the theoretical prominence of belief. The core problem, we suggest, is that belief may not be enough to register all aspects of a subject's epistemic position with respect to any given proposition. We claim this problem can be solved by introducing other doxastic attitudes—genuine representations—that differ in strength from belief. The resulting alternative picture, a kind of doxastic states pluralism, retains the central features of traditional epistemology—most saliently, an emphasis on truth as a kind of objective accuracy—while adequately accounting for rational action.


Scale-efficiency can provide valuable information for decision-makers to allocate educational resources between different levels of universities.The paper analyzes scale efficiency of "project 211"universities located in central China in detail by DEA model.The conclusion is that 62.5% of them are scale efficient and 37.5% are scale in-efficient.According to projection theory,the main reason for the scale in-efficiency of some universities lies in their lack of national social science fund projects.In order to solve this problem,we should develop higher education in central China with steady steps,and decide to develop multidisciplinary or not according to the strategic orientation of different universities.


As the Web continues to gain in popularity for delivering critical information and offering better customer service, more and more businesses are exploring ways to exploit this technology to give them a competitive edge. Not only are new applications being designed for Web deployment but existing applications are being considered for deployment as well. Given that, just how easy is it to move your existing SAS/AF application to the Web? Although the question may seem simple, there is no simple answer. Instead, it will take an understanding of what technology is available to help you accomplish this task a careful examination of the underlying architecture of your existing application to determine how much of that application can be reused versus rebuilt. This paper will attempt to shed some light on both of these areas. While this paper focuses on solving these problems using JavaTM that is not meant to imply that Java is always the best choice for every Web application. There have been numerous papers and documentation written on how to use some of the other technologies that the SAS System offers. This paper will try to point you to those resources instead of duplicating that information here.


This paper presents the ballistic limit for the non-filled aluminium tank. The main objective was to determine the ballistic limit for the front and rear wall of the tank. The aluminium tank was 3 mm thick, 150 mm wide and 750 mm long. It was impacted by the fragment simulating projectile (FSP) with the velocity from 239 m/s up to 556 m/s. It was observed that the ballistic limit for the front and rear wall tank was 257.7 m/s and 481 m/s, respectively. The numerical study conducted showed the agreement with experimental results.


The purpose of the study is to identify the contribution of representatives of Ukrainian art history in the 1900s to the definition of national forms of national architecture. The research methodology is based on the use of combined, thematic and chronological approaches; description of publications is combined with comparative and comparative analyzes. The scientific novelty of the article is to highlight the initial stage of formation of ideas about the unique features of Ukrainian architecture in the context of public demand and the leading trends of the general artistic process of this period. The factors of growing attention of scientists of the specified decade to the systematic study of buildings of Ukraine from ancient times to the XIX century, in particular, wooden cult. The works of famous specialists of those years are described: G. Pavlutsky, E. Redin, O. Novitsky, V. Shcherbakovsky, M. Makarenko, E. Sitsinsky and other authors. The study of this problem in these scientific works is based on the analysis of numerous information as a result of systematic work of many scientists and amateurs on the study of architectural works. Researchers' scientific ideas on the evolution of forms of this field of art and substantiation of the uniqueness of Ukrainian architecture are determined. Conclusions. Analysis of numerous sources of scientific publications allows us to conclude that during the 1900's there was a concept of originality of national architectural forms at all historical stages. Scientific analysis of the characteristic features of Ukrainian architectural monuments of different periods was carried out in the perspective of the relationship with the masonry architecture and the relevant decisions of other historical and national architectural schools. The history of Ukrainian science of art of this decade can be considered as the history of ideas about national forms of art and architecture. The leading idea of the uniqueness of Ukrainian architecture directed and became the basis for the development of Ukrainian art science in the following decades.


The thermodynamical properties of nuclear matter at moderate temperatures and densities, in the vicinity of the predicted nuclear liquid-gas phase transition, are studied using as experimental probe the hard-photons (E_gamma > 30 MeV) emitted in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Photon and charged-particle production in four different heavy-ion reactions (36Ar+197Au, 107Ag, 58Ni, 12C at 60A MeV) is measured exclusively and inclusively coupling the TAPS photon spectrometer with two charged-particle and intermediate-mass-fragment detectors covering nearly 4pi. We confirm that bremsstrahlung emission in first-chance (off-equilibrium) proton-neutron collisions (pn gamma) is the dominant origin of hard photons. We also firmly establish the existence of a thermal radiation component emitted in second-chance proton-neutron collisions. This thermal bremsstrahlung emission takes place in semi-central and central nucleus-nucleus reactions involving heavy targets. We exploit this observation i) to demonstrate that thermal equilibrium is reached during the reaction, ii) to establish a new thermometer of nuclear matter based on bremsstrahlung photons, iii) to derive the thermodynamical properties of the excited nuclear sources and, in particular, to establish a ``caloric curve" (temperature versus excitation energy) and iv) to assess the time-scales of the nuclear break-up process.


Element characteristics of nephrite minerals were determined by glow discharge mass spectrometry (GD-MS) through surface adherence method. To solve the conductivity problem of non-conductive nephrite samples, high purity indium pin (>99.9999%) was used as discharge host. During the preparation procedure, a small piece of nephrite sample was ground into powder (about 200 meshes), and then the sample powder was coated on the surface of indium pin to form a rod sample. Typical elements of nephrite minerals were analyzed by GD-MS, and the relative standard deviations showed that the stability and reproducibility of this method were good. Meanwhile, four nephrite samples from two different deposits were further studied by this method. The GD-MS results of major elements and trace elements revealed that typical elements of the nephrite minerals from same deposit were similar, and those from different deposits exhibited significant difference. In addition, results of external-beam proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE) were consistent with the result of GD-MS determination. The present approach had been proven to be simple, efficient to perform the rapid screening and multi-element semi-quantitative analysis of nephrite samples.


This paper studies the influence of Ag atomic segregation on the structural evolutions of the mixed (PdAg)309clusters during the heating processes by using molecular dynamics with a general embedded atom method. The results show that the Ag atomic segregation makes the cluster exhibit a segregate-melting stage in which the energy does not monotonic increase with the increase of temperature. In this stage, the cluster first transforms to form a disorder structure from the initial icosahedron and then a decahedron. By comparing with the cases in the pure Pd309, Ag309, and core-shell (PdAg)309, it is found that the icosahedral-decahedral transformation is induced by the Ag atomic segregation.


Otolith Sr:Ca profiles demonstrated that juvenile anadromous brown trout (ABT) Salmo trutta may descend to the brackish waters of the Baltic Sea from their natal streams as parr or fry and then migrate into non-natal streams before transforming into smolt. To our knowledge, no such published documentation exists for ABT. The ecological significance of this life-history strategy is presently not clear. However, stream shifting through the marine environment should to be considered with regard to stock management and the assessment and restoration of salmonid populations and their potential habitats.


Resource allocation for Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) systems is restricted by the codebook design for data transmission from different users simultaneously. The effect of the interference between users assigned to the same resource can result in severe degradation of performance. To alleviate this problem, a practical subcarrier allocation approach is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme has a lower complexity than existing methods while achieving close to optimal performance. It is based on a modified greedy algorithm and exploits the properties of multiuser systems by assigning opposite codebook patterns to adjacent users. A comparison between different allocation graph designs is explored and we introduce a low complexity power allocation method with minimum rate constraints per user. The scheme is based on the water-filling principle adapted for multiuser sparse systems in the presence of interference. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has close to optimal performance with lower computational complexity.


Critical Discourse Analysis(CDA),theoretically and practically based on Systemic-Functional Grammar(SFG) proposed by M.A.K.Halliday,regards language as a kind of social practice and an inseparable part of social construction among which ideology serves as an indispensable part.In most political speech,the politician's purpose is not to provide information for the audience but persuade — to subject the common public to certain ideologies which are usually coded implicitly behind the overt propositions.In Abraham Lincoln's Address at Gettysburg,on different language scales underlies many ideologies supposed to impose on the audience.This paper attempts to explore them from different language structures by adopting some theories in SFG.


Abstract The diurnal cycle of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) computed by a climate model provides a powerful test of the numerical description of various physical processes. Diurnal cycles of OLR computed by version 3 of the Hadley Centre Atmospheric Model (HadAM3) are compared with those observed by the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) for the boreal summer season (June–August). The ERBS observations cover the domain from 55°S to 55°N. To compare the observed and modeled diurnal cycles, the principal component (PC) analysis method is used over this domain. The analysis is performed separately for the land and ocean regions. For land over this domain, the diurnal cycle computed by the model has a root-mean-square (RMS) of 11.4 W m−2, as compared with 13.3 W m−2 for ERBS. PC-1 for ERBS observations and for the model are similar, but the ERBS result has a peak near 1230 LST and decreases very slightly during night, whereas the peak of the model result is an hour later and at night the OLR decrease...


With the fed rate hikes recently, there are many economic and financial impacts caused by it around the world. This article mainly studies the economic and financial impacts of the Fed's interest rate hike on the world, and give some relevant policies and suggestions. The Fed's interest rate hike has a huge impact on all economies around the world, especially emerging economies. At the same time, it has had a great impact on the global foreign exchange market, commodity market, and capital market. Since the Federal Reserve is in the process of raising interest rates unprecedentedly in history, the impact of this rate hike on the world is also different and deeper than before. By researching on the economic and financial impacts of the Fed's interest rate hike, this article aims to understand the Fed's interest rate hike behavior, predict the global economic situation to a certain extent and help to make better decision.


WHEREAS, as a result of both the initial impact of Hurricane Florence and the continuing effects thereof, which include severe flooding and other hazardous conditions, the President of the United States of America has issued a Major Disaster Declaration for the State of South Carolina and the undersigned has declared a State of Emergency and placed into effect the South Carolina Emergency Operations Plan to provide for the health, safety, and welfare of residents and visitors located in the threatened areas; and


Digital food technologies carry promise for better food futures but they are often problematic in their impact on food cultures. While proponents suggest that food-tech products such as smart kitchenware or diet personalisation services can support efficient food practices, critics highlight various risks. This paper presents our findings from Edible Speculations, a long-term design research project exploring the contested space of food-tech innovation through a series of speculative design (SD) events situated in everyday public contexts. We illustrate the opportunities and limits of eventful SD in supporting critical engagements with food-tech issues through an Edible Speculations case study called the Parlour of Food Futures. Our discussion of selected Parlour events can inform readers interested in food-tech themes as well as those keen on experimenting with eventful approaches to SD research.


Recent health policies encourage electronic messaging with providers to potentially improve health care. It is unclear whether the same potential exists for individuals with mental health symptoms. Whereas these individuals appear interested in such technologies, they may also be concerned about privacy and security risks. To clarify this ambiguity, we conceptualize electronic messaging as an impression management tool for individuals with depressive symptoms, who risk devaluation from others. Consequently, factors that increase the perceived risk of devaluation in face-to-face clinical encounters may increase the likelihood of electronically messaging providers. We empirically examined two factors: depressive symptom severity and trust in physician confidentiality, which is the expectation that one's regular physician uses personal health information appropriately. We found that reporting severe depressive symptoms increased the likelihood of electronically messaging providers but only among respondents who lacked trust in physician confidentiality. Electronic messaging is potentially a means to reach this underserved population.


Information technique has deeply impacted on development of tourism industry; information is the key factor to tourism industry development. This paper qualitative analyzes the application of IT and the influence in the tourism industry. Taking Chinese tourism economic date of 1999–2009 years as example, applying to the information Resources Abundance Coefficient Model, positive correlation is found between the Information Resources Abundance Coefficient and tourism income growth.


Much has been written about fashion supply chains in recent years pertaining to the offshoring of production and sourcing by UK retailers to other countries including inter alia Asia as well as the attendant risks to such activities. There is ample evidence suggesting that businesses can experience disruptions from sustainability issues that are pertaining in their supply chains. Also, there is an increasing focus on sustainability issues in global businesses and fashion supply chains are not immune to these issues, particularly when wider issues of corporate and social responsibility are included. And yet, the consideration of sustainability and its impact on risk pertaining to the fashion supply chains have not been actively pursued.


The Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing of the National Observatory (NOA/IAASARS) has developed a system that retrieves and downscales thermal remote sensing data obtained from Meteosat Second Generation-Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (MSG-SEVIRI) in real time. This activity aims to facilitate the operational monitoring of the urban thermal environment by providing sharpened data in a timely manner. The system entered its operational phase in April 2014 by producing quarter-hourly land surface temperature (LST) data at an enhanced spatial resolution (1 km) for five major European cities. The current work briefly presents the system and exhaustively validates the generated time-series for the three summer months of 2014. The performance assessment was carried out by comparing the entire archive of generated LST data (i.e., more than 30 000 images) with similar independent and well-validated products. The results obtained indicate that both the LST retrieval and LST downscaling modules, which form the heart of the system, perform satisfactorily. The wealth of information made available through such exploitation of MSG-SEVIRI imagery in real time has the potential to fill a large gap in monitoring the thermal urban environment and support effectively the timely generation of higher value products and services related to energy demand and heat-related health issue.


An experiment of treated and ensiled wet rice straw with urea and molasses was performed to explore the chemical composition, physical quality, in vitro digestibility and its potentiality as a quality feed for ruminants. In this experiment, plastic containers were used to preserve chopped wet rice straw under airtight condition based on the treatment as T1 (wet rice straw only), T2 (straw with 5% molasses), T3 (straw with 5% urea), T4 (straw with 5% urea and 5% molasses) and T5 (straw with 10% urea and 5% molasses) to analyze chemical composition, physical quality, metabolizable energy (ME) content, in vitro organic matter digestibility (OMD) and in vitro gas production (IVGP) at five different ensiling times of 0, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days. The physical quality (color, smell, softness characteristics) of wet rice straw was improved with urea and molasses treatment. Treatments T5 was found better as there was no fungal growth till 90 days of ensiling. The addition of urea and molasses improved the physical quality, nutritive value and preservation quality of wet rice straw. Urea and molasses treated and ensiled (T5) straw showed better color, nutritional quality, softness and longer preservation capacity compared with all treatments followed by T4, T2 and T3. The crude protein (CP) content was increased (P<0.05) but the crude fibre (CF), dry matter (DM), ash contents and ether extract (EE) were decreased (P<0.05) in all of the treatments (T2, T3, T4 and T5) compared to control (T1). The OMD, IVGP and ME contents were increased in all of the treatments (T2, T3, T4 and T5) compared to control (T1). The highest OMD, IVGP and ME values were observed in treatment T5 and the lowest values were in control (T1) Through the Consideration of all the chemical and physical properties, among all of the treatments, 10% urea and 5% molasses are found acceptable for the preservation of rice straw. Thus, environment friendly and cost effective feed can be formulated.


We consider a multicolored version of a question posed by Erdos and Rothschild. For a fixed positive integer $r$ and a fixed graph $F$, we look for $n$-vertex graphs that admit the maximum number of $r$-edge colorings with the property that there is no copy of $F$ for which all edges are assigned different colors. We show that when $F$ is a bipartite graph with at least three edges and $r \geq 3$, the number of $r$-edge colorings of an extremal configuration is close to the number of such edge colorings of the complete graph $K_n$. On the other hand, for the rainbow pattern of $F=K_{k+1}$, the Turan graph $T_k(n)$ is the only extremal configuration for any $r\geq r_0(k)$ and large $n$.


5 6 Kelly Charniga*, Zulma M. Cucunubá, Marcela Mercado, Franklyn Prieto, Martha 7 Ospina, Pierre Nouvellet, Christl A. Donnelly 8 9 10 11 1 Medical Research Council Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of 12 Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom 13 14 2 Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá, Colombia 15 16 3 School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom 17 18 4 Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom 19 20 21 *Corresponding author 22 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com (KC) 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 . CC-BY-NC 4.0 International license It is made available under a is the author/funder, who has granted medRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. (which was not certified by peer review) preprint The copyright holder for this this version posted September 13, 2020. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.11.20189811 doi: medRxiv preprint


Filtration performances of a bag filter implemented for the flue gas treatment of waste incineration plant were studied at laboratory scale in order to evaluate the influence of filtration cycles (clogging/unclogging). The filtration performances were evaluated during clogging with a submicronic aerosol with nano-size fraction, at a filtration velocity of 1.9 cm.s. Investigations of the influence of filter washing and filtration velocity on the filtration performances were performed with the same filtering media in flat configuration. Experimental results showed an influence of filtration velocity on fractional filtration efficiency in particular for particle diameter close to the Most Penetrating Particle Size of the filter. Moreover, results indicated that new filters were significantly less efficient than washed filters at the beginning of the clogging. Finally the influence of clogging/unclogging cycles on bag filter performances was demonstrated both for pressure drop and filtration efficiency evolutions during clogging.


Thermography, currently being applied by utilizing the AGA 750, 720 and 782, has demonstrated its value as a maintenance and conservation tool. It is efficient because in the scanner's portable configuration, hand held or car hood mounted, large quantities of electrical equipment, square footage of thermal envelope, steam distribution piping, etc., can be covered. The severity of the problem can be estimated easily by measuring the object's temperature and cataloged for future action by quickly recording the situation with a photograph. It is a productive procedure which identifies problems which justify the cost of the survey in roughly 70% of the cases. Moreover, the problems located by the thermographic survey are usually corrected. This is because of the high impact of the polaroid pictures taken during the survey. The technicians correcting the problem, the engineering department, and the senior management personnel can all understand the situation because of the clarity of the photograph. Furthermore, feedback concerning the repairs can be easily obtained by rescanning the problems involved.


W ith the healthcare ministry moving toward managed care, hospitals are becoming increasingly involved in alternative arrangements with other hospitals, physicians, insurers, and employers looking for cost-efficient healthcare services. There are many alternative arrangements, integrated delivery networks ( IDNs) , integrated provider o rgan iza t ions ( I P O s ) , in tegra ted provider arrangements (IPAs), physician-hospital organizations (PHOs) , and provider-sponsored networks (PSNs).


Mafic Mg-olivine (Fo88)+hornblende lamprophyre dikes, with Ni ~190 ppm and Cr ~390 ppm, cut late Miocene lavas in the Quebrada los Sapos a few kilometers west of the El Teniente Cu-Mo mine. These dikes have petrochemical affinities with other less primitive, Pliocene (2.9-3.9 Ma), olivine-free lamprophyres previously described from both within and in the vicinity of El Teniente. The mafic mantle-derived lamprophyre dikes from Quebrada los Sapos have La/Yb ratios of 10-13, higher than the ratios of 4-9 for older Late Miocene El Teniente Mafic Complex olivine basalts, suggesting a temporal decrease in the percent of partial mantle melting, consistent with the observed decrease in the volume of igneous rocks through time at this latitude, as well as the ultimate cessation of magmatism and >40 km eastward arc migration by the Late Pliocene. Less primitive olivine-free lamprophyres have higher La and lower Yb, resulting in higher La/Yb ratios of 15-44, due to crystal-liquid fractionation involving hornblende, but not plagioclase, the crystallization of which is suppressed by the high H2O contents of the lamprophyres. The lamprophyre dikes, as well as younger (1.8-2.3 Ma) olivine-bearing basaltic-andesite lava flows in the valley of the Cachapoal river, have 87Sr/86Sr=0.7041 to 0.7049, ЄNd=+1.2 to -1.1 and 206Pb/204Pb=18.60 to 18.68, while Middle to Late Miocene (6.5-13.9 Ma) El Teniente Volcanic and Plutonic Complex igneous rocks have lower 87Sr/86Sr=0.7039 to 0.7041 and 206Pb/204Pb=18.56 to 18.59, and higher ЄNd=+1.9 to +3.8, and older Oligocene to Early Miocene (>15 Ma) Abanico or Coya-Machali Formation volcanic and plutonic rocks in the region have even lower 87Sr/86Sr=0.7033 to 0.7039 and 206Pb/204Pb=18.45 to 18.57, and higher ЄNd=+3.8 to +6.2. The data indicate a significant progressive temporal evolution, between the Oligocene and the Pliocene, to higher 87Sr/86Sr and 206Pb/204Pb, and lower ЄNd for mantle-derived mafic magmas, and by implication their mantle source region. Significantly Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions are  independent of SiO2 content for rocks in each age group, which precludes contamination by isotopically heterogeneous Paleozoic and Mesozoic continental crust during evolution of intermediate and silicic rocks from mantle-derived mafic magmas. The Oligocene to Pliocene isotopic evolution of the mantle source of the mafic magmas may be explained by an increase from 1% to 6% in the extent of mantle source region contamination by subducted components, including continental crust tectonically eroded off the continental margin. We attribute this to both decreasing subduction angle and increasing rates of subduction erosion associated with the southward migration of the locus of subduction of the Juan Fernandez Ridge. The lamprophyres also imply increased hydration of the mantle below this portion of the arc by the Pliocene, which may have played an important role in producing oxidized volatile-rich magmas and mineralization at El Teniente.


In case of sheet metal forming the main dimensional errors are caused by the springback phenomena. The present work deals with numerical simulation related to draw bending and springback of U - shaped part made from magnesium alloy. The current paper is trying to prove out the important role of the blank holder force with respect to the forming process. Though novel approaches relating to the formality of magnesium alloy sheets, the change of springback due to the characteristic of each process should be verified by finite element method. Springback refers to the elastic recovery of deformed parts. Springback occurs because of the elastic relief from the bending moment imparted to the sheet metal during forming. Springback is mainly influenced by the sheet thickness, the punch and die profile radii, initial clearance between punch and die, friction conditions, rolling direction of the materials, blankholder force and by material properties. In this study, the magnesium alloy strips with two types of material having the thickness of 1mm, are used to investigate springback characteristics in U-shape bending. The Dynaform 5.6 software was used to simulate the forming process, in which the blank holder force takes values between 15 and 35 kN. In this study, the springback was analyzed by U-forming at room temperature conditions with different blank holder forces. Springback decreased with the increase of the blank holding force. Excessive holding force cause irregular thinning of the material, especially in the radius area.


The article deals with problems of terminology and improvement of the criminal law provides for liability for terrorism. Considers issues of counteraction to technogenic terrorism.


Field-circuit model of a brushless DC motor with speed control using PWM method was developed. Waveforms of electrical and mechanical quantities of the designed motor in which high-pressure, inverted action vane pump is built in were computed.


During hover operation an RC helicopter is problems of balance instability. An operator attends to hang an airframe in air among hovering control but doesn't attend to move his thumb. we hypothesize that this motion in unconsciousness is one of physiologic change. it is thought of as this motion expresses the operator's emotion. Under intentional disturbance, we recorded an operation during hover control and estimated the operation system from thumb motion with chaos time series analysis. a structure change on the system was expressed Lyapunov exponent, since we researched relationship SCRs and lyapunov exponent. increase of Lyaupnov exponent and SCRs react disturbance. therefore, it is thought of as that in unconsciousness motion is physiologic change. thus, we propose possibility that estimating emotion with an operation.


In recent years, several innovative algorithms for localization of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been proposed by the researcher. Since wireless sensor nodes have limited processing power and the channel conditions are difficult to predict, therefore, there is a need of a low complexity localization technique that can efficiently identify channel condition and select an appropriate method of localization. In this regard, this article presents a robust localization scheme that minimizes localization delays while consuming minimal energy of wireless nodes. Extensive simulations are performed which illustrate that the proposed technique reduces the delays in localization and increases the lifetime of nodes while maintaining a fairly low mean location estimation error. The results also demonstrate that the proposed scheme performs fairly well even with limited numbers of anchor nodes in the network.


This article aims to discuss theological extremism and its effects on Pakistani society. It defines extremism and examines the causes behind the intrusion of theological extremism among different Muslim sects. In this context, this article aims to explore the common and as well as different beliefs of four major religious


The callus was produced from the aseptic leaves of fresh, tender saussurea inuol uorata kar, etkir cultured on MS Media which contained different hormones for 15days. In the course of inducing callus, the purple-red was embryonic callus and bud differentiation was the most. The most suitable medium of callus induction was MS+6-BA2mg/L+IBA0.2 mg/L and the rate of induction reached to 90.48%; the bud differentiation and subculture medium was MS+6-BA0.4mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L, after subcultured 40days, the average propagation number was 11.72; the rooting medium was 1/2MS+IAA0.2mg/L+active carbon 0.5%. The transition substrate for transplant was humus soil: river sand=2:1. The rooted tube seedling transplanted and keep moisture when the root length was 1cm, and then the surviving rate highly reached 72%.


AbstractThis study develops a framework for risk-based decision making for the design, operation, and maintenance of various types of transportation facilities and entities. This framework is grounded in current practice and risk management theories and operationalizes a decision-making framework that is applicable at multiple levels in an organization. The framework defines all crucial steps: technical components of risk assessment, communication logistics, and information systems. The approach is illustrated by two examples. The primary example demonstrates the framework through the context of allocating resources for the inspection and maintenance of a portfolio of signalized mast arms. A qualitative risk assessment method is used, informed by extensive inspection records from the Colorado DOT and finite-element models for mast arms, to recommend varied inspection frequencies based on current structural defects present. A secondary example uses a more quantitative risk assessment approach to inform sei...


This paper deduces the thermodynamic criterion of two phase balance between spherical crown liquid droplet and gas. The gas pressure balanced with spherical crown liquid droplet is unrelated to solid material in terms of Young's formula and formula of spherical geometry. The process of proof has clear physical model and thermodynamic meaning.


TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Master's Degree Programme in Signal Processing and Communications Engineering NUMMINEN, JYRKI: People in photos Master of Science Thesis, 49 pages, 2 Appendix pages November 2013 Major: Signal processing Examiner: Prof. Irek Defee


The radiation-induced emulsion polymerization of ethylene in a continuous flow system was carried out at 100°C by using FC-143 and potassium myristate. The polymer concentration in the latex during the course of the polymerization oscillated several times and then approached a steady-state value in a few hours in the case of short residence time. The rate of polymerization was almost constant within the residence time range of 0.2–0.9 hr. This is explained by the kinetics assuming the same mechanism previously proposed in the batch system, that is, the number of polymer particles in this range is considered to be constant. Gel formation was observed at longer reaction times in spite of the continuous supply of myristate micelles, possibly because large polymer particles are produced in this stage. The concentration of carbonyl group in the polymer produced by chain transfer to absorbed myristate ion changes in the same way as the polymer concentration with reaction time. The methyl group in the polymer is produced mainly by chain transfer to the polymer, and the concentration is nearly constant during the polymerization except in the initial stage. The rate constants for the continuous polymerization were very different from the batch polymerization previously studied, despite their similarities in nature. The mass transfer rate of the emulsifier from the micelles to the polymer particles requires future study.


Two dimensional non-parametric model using daily mean temperature and daylength as predictor variables was established and daily developmental rates (DVR) for the period of seedling emergence to heading were estimated for 26 rice cultivars by using data from field direct seeding dates and short-day treatments experiment carried out at experimental farm of Seoul National University in 1990. Three existing parametric models were tested for the comparision of predictability with non-parametric model. The non-parametric model was found to be superior to parametric models in predicting heading date. The developmetal indice(DVI) at heading date, cummulative DVR's from seedling emergence showed 0.5 to 2.2 percent of coefficient of variations. The non-parametric model revealed errors of 0 to three days in 11 varieties when applied to data independent of those used in estimating DVR.


The HML2 (HERV-K) group constitutes the most recently acquired family of human endogenous retroviruses, with many proviruses less than one million years old. Many maintain intact open reading frames and provirus expression together with HML2 particle formation are observed in early stage human embryo development and are associated with pluripotency as well as inflammatory disease, cancers and HIV-1 infection. Here, we reconstruct the core structural protein (CA) of an HML2 retrovirus, assemble particles in vitro and employ single particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to determine structures of four classes of CA Fullerene shell assemblies. These icosahedral and capsular assemblies reveal at high-resolution the molecular interactions that allow CA to form both pentamers and hexamers and show how invariant pentamers and structurally plastic hexamers associate to form the unique polyhedral structures found in retroviral cores. In retroviruses, the capsid protein (CA) forms a shell surrounding the viral core. Here the authors combine cryo-electron microscopy with NMR and X-ray crystallography to examine the CA structure from the human endogenous retrovirus HML2 (HERV-K) and determine the structures of four Fullerene CA closed shells that reveal the molecular basis of capsid assembly.


Ignition of several pyrotechnic mixtures by diode-laser was studied experimentally using a novel combustion chamber. The ignition delay times dependence on laser intensity could be fit by the expression tign=aI−n for all compositions, with I being the laser intensity at target and n=1.4–2.1. This is roughly in accordance with thermal ignition theories assuming a semi-inert solid. Differences in ignition delay times did not depend on fuel alone or oxidizer alone. The temperature of oxidizer decomposition does not correlate with ignition delay time. Furthermore, the steady state combustion temperature, deduced from emission spectra of the composition products are not correlated with ignition delay time. It is proposed that chemical reactions, taking place in the gas-phase or in the solid-phase, play a significant role, but are not solely responsible for ignition delay time. The seemingly uncorrelated ignition delay results between pyrotechnics containing either the same fuel or oxidizer hamper the construction of a "unified theory" for laser ignition of pyrotechnic mixtures.


The increase in availability of multi-touch devices has motivated us to consider interaction approaches outside the limitations associated with the use of a mouse. The problem that we try to solve is how to interact in a 3D world using a 2D surface multi-touch display. Before showing our proposed solution, we briefly review previous work in related fields that provided a framework for the development of our approach. Finally, we propose a set of multi-touch gestures and outline an experiment design for the evaluation of these forms of interaction. Keywords-Multi-Touch; 3D Interaction ;3D Navigation; Gestures.


Corresponding author: Mac Ansari Contact Information: firstname.lastname@example.com DOI: 10.12746/swrccc.v6i22.442 pressure and increase the likelihood of detection of the PFO. The shunts may be quantified based on the number of bubbles seen in the left atrium during the study. Sources vary on the exact number of bubbles, but fewer than 10 is consistent with a small shunt, 10 to 20 bubbles is a moderate shunt, and more than 20 or 25 bubbles is a large shunt. Based on meta-analyses of published data, the sensitivity of TTE for PFO detection is 46% and the specificity is 99%. The transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is considered the gold standard study for diagnosis of a PFO with sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 92%. Transesophageal echocardiograms provide much better characterization of PFO anatomy but may miss some small PFOs due to the inability of patients to perform Valsalva maneuvers when they are sedated. A third modality, the transcutaneous Doppler, may actually be better than the TEE for diagnosis of a PFO, but it does not offer any anatomical context and cannot distinguish between intracardiac and intrapulmonary shunts.


The investigation of the present study is to determine the effect of heavy metal lead (Pb) exposure on the morphology (growth measurement) and the changes of stomatal structure of Pigeonpea (Cajanuscajan (L.) and Maize (Zea mays L.) in the selected agriculture fields near Venellepalem village, Parvadamandal, Visakhapatnam district. The result of the study reveals that the growth of the plant is significantly reduced when compared with the control with increasing Lead concentration. The Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) studies showed changes in stomatal structures of the 10th leaf of both control, T1 and T2 areas of the two crop plants.


A class of high-resolution algorithms is developed for advection of a scalar quantity in a given incompressible flow field in one, two, or three space dimensions. Multidimensional transport is modeled using a wave-propagation approach in which the flux at each cell interface is built up on the basis of information propagating in the direction of this interface from neighboring cells. A high-resolution second-order method using slope limiters is quite easy to implement. For constant flow, a minor modification gives a third-order accurate method. These methods are stable for Courant numbers up to 1. Fortran implementations are available by anonymous ftp.


Endosulfan, a derivative of hexachlorocyclopentadiene is one of the highly persistent organochlorine insecticides used worldwide and its residues have been found in the environment with its entry in the foods through food chain .Endosulphan and its metabolites have been reported to be highly toxic to aquatic fauna like fish and invertebrates. The acute, chronic toxicity and environmental concerns have attracted scientists for an effective and economically viable method for endosulfan detection. Currently, analysis of endosulfan is carried out using gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detection (ECD). The equipment required is comparatively expensive, the analysis consumes large amounts of solvent, requires a stable and continuous electricity supply and high-purity gases. Also, samples need to be carefully cleaned up prior to analysis. With the increasing demand for pesticide residue analysis certification in export, there is a need to develop simple, specific, faster, cost effective, and sensitive assays to detect pesticide residues.
Objective of the present study was to develop immunoassay for the detection of endosulfan. Immunoassays have benefits of being inexpensive, rapid and can be performed on simple, inexpensive equipment comparable to that by chromatographic methods. Chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY) from immunized hens have considerable advantages for the production of monoclonal antibodies because of the phylogenetic distance between birds and mammals and non-invasive collection. Endosulfan hapten was conjugated with BSA and poultry were immunized using Freunds complete adjuvant. Booster doses were given using Freunds incomplete adjuvant with 15 days intervals. The IgY antibodies were isolated from egg yolk by PEG -6000 method. Protein and antibody titre analysis indicated that protein was maximum on seventh week and antibody titre was maximum with third week egg. Checker board analysis indicated antigen dilution of 1:25000 and antibody dilution of 1:25000 were optimum for immune assay. Competitive direct ELISA using different concentrations of endosulfan indicated lower detection limit of 1ng for - and β- endosulfan respectively. Matrix effect was evaluated using few food samples spiked with endosulfan.


A simple, rapid, precise and highly selective spectrophotometric method was developed for simultaneous estimation of Sildenafil citrate and Fluoxetine Hydrochloride in tablet dosage form. This method, involves the measurement of absorbances of Sildenafil citrate and Fluoxetine Hydrochloride at the wavelengths of 282nm (λmax of Sildenafil citrate) and 249 nm (λmax of Fluoxetine Hydrochloride). Methanol was used as solvent. Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 10-18µg/ml for Sildenafil citrate and 3-8ug/ml. Fluoxetine Hydrochloride. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by recovery studies of tablet dosage forms and was found to be 98.1% and 99.2% for Sildenafil citrate and Fluoxetine Hydrochloride respectively. The method showed good reproducibility and recovery with % RSD less than 2. Thus, the proposed method was found to be rapid, specific, precise, accurate and cost-effective quality control tool for the routine analysis of Sildenafil citrate and Fluoxetine Hydrochloride in bulk and combined dosage form. A rapid and simple derivative spectrophotometric method was developed for simultaneous determination of Sildenafil citrate and Fluoxetine Hydrochloride in tablet dosage form. This method involves second order derivative spectroscopy using 282 nm and 249 nm as zero crossing points for Sildenafil citrate and Fluoxetine Hydrochloride respectively in methanol. Linearity was observed in the concentration range of 10-18µg/ml for Sildenafil citrate and 3-8ug/ml for Fluoxetine Hydrochloride. The accuracy of the method was found to be 98.21% and 99.2% for Sildenafil citrate and Fluoxetine Hydrochloride respectively. The method showed good reproducibility and recovery with % RSD less than 2.Thus, the proposed method was found to be rapid, specific, precise, accurate and cost-effective quality control tool for the routine analysis of sildenafil citrate and Fluoxetine Hydrochloride in bulk and combined dosage form.                A selective, precise, isocratic and accurate stability indicating reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of Sildenafil citrate and Fluoxetine Hydrochloride in the tablet dosage form. The method was validated for the linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness, system suitability as per ICH guidelines. Sildenafil citrate and Fluoxetine Hydrochloride were found to be linear in the range of 10-100 and 10-18µg/ml and 3-8ug/ml with the recoveries of 98.6% and 99.2%. The method was also applied for the determination of sildenafil citrate and Fluoxetine Hydrochloride in the presence of their degradation products formed under variety of stress conditions.


Work-life balance (WLB) is a challenge for principals to navigate as the ever-increasing responsibilities require more time. Because time is limited, achieving balance between principals' workloads and home responsibilities can cause significant stress. Often, women principals face additional challenges because of childcare and household responsibilities. To support principals in their practice and encourage them to enter and persist in the role, better policies and practices should be implemented. By providing more site level staff, fostering a culture where WLB is valued, releasing principals from non-essential obligations, and training principals to prioritize tasks, districts can help mitigate the overload principals experience.


Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a well established risk factor for cardiovascular disease however the determinants of progression to heart failure (HF) have been incompletely characterized. Regulatory pathways are difficult to study in humans due to the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Selective breeding of animal models allows for tight control of these factors. We find that introgression of chromosome 16 from the normotensive Brown Norway (BN) rat onto the genetic background of the hypertensive SS/Mcwi (Dahl Salt‐Sensitive (SS)) both reduces blood pressure and prevents HF in the consomic SS‐16BN/Mcwi (SSBN16) rat, a model of idiopathic LVH. LV fibrosis and ejection fraction (EF) were both measured at 18 and 36 weeks of age in the SS, SSBN16 and BN rats as indicators of progressive HF. At 18 weeks the percent of the LV showing fibrosis did not differ between strains, but by 36 weeks both the SS and BN rats exhibited a significant increase (122% and 78% respectively; p < 0.05, ANOVA). There was no change in fibrosis in the SSBN16. EF was preserved near 85% in the SSBN16 and BN rats between 18 and 36 weeks, while it dropped in the SS rats from 84.81% ± 2.45 to 60.74% ± 4.11. This data suggests that the interaction of one or more genes on BN chromosome 16 with the SS genetic background protects the LV from developing phenotypes associated with HF and may be part of a HF regulatory pathway. Support HL 29587; HL 66579


SCUBA diving is one of the studies that must be mastered by students taking Diving courses in the UNTIRTA Sports Science Study Program, especially students who will take the Sport Tourism concentration. This research aims to develop SCUBA learning video as an alternative long distance learning media for diving courses in Pandemic Covid-19. Procedure in this research used refers to the 4D model with 4 stages, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. The instruments used in this research include observation sheet, media expert validation questionnaire, material expert validation questionnaire, small-scale & large-scale trial questionaire. Participants in this research activity were 3 media experts, 3 material experts (diving instructur ADSI, POSSI, & SSI), 9 students for small-scale trials and 26 students for large-scale trials. Students who conduct small-scale and large-scale trials are students of the 2020 class of sports science study program who will take diving course. The data collection techniques in this research were carried out by recapitulating and analyzing the results of the questionnaire from all participants so that the final product was obtained. Based on the results of the assessment of media experts, material experts, the results of small-scale and large-scale trials, SCUBA learning video is in the very worth it (feasible) category in terms of media and material aspects so that it can be an alternative distance learning media for diving courses, especially the subject SCUBA Diving.


This thesis has been carried out as a study of capacities within Skanska Sverige AB. Through interviews, I have created a basis which has been the cornerstone for the analysis that aims to try to highlight any differences in perception regarding the capacity between personnel in different positions.The analysis of the gathered information shows that there are differences in perception within and between the different positions. One of the clearest trends is that the person calculating the project often sets a lower capacity then the worker who performs it.


The changes of G values of main-chain scission and structure of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polytetrafluoroethylene irradiated with $gamma$-ray in the presence of halogenated methane--oxygen mixture are reported. (auth)


The EU's autonomous trade policy has recently been updated to increase its resilience and to seek to establish a level playing field. Already in 2017 and 2018, anti-dumping law was reformed for this purpose. The 2017 reform introduced a new exception to the primary method for determining normal value. According to the new Article 2(6a) of the Basic Anti-Dumping Regulation, the actual sales price in the exporting country is to be rejected if there are 'significant distortions'. Whereas much has been written about whether this new methodology is compatible with WTO law, this article analyses how this provision has been applied by the European Commission during the first three years since its introduction.
Anti-Dumping, Significant Distortions, State Capitalism, European Commission, Constructed Normal Value, Third Country, Input Prices, China, Russia, Trade Defence


With mega railway construction projects (MRCPs) facing various natural disasters and extremely difficult engineering construction tasks, there is an urgent need to improve the resilience management capability of engineering construction to cope with complex and changing internal and external risks. As a key element of the construction management system, the level of institutional resilience directly determines the adaptability of the construction system in the face of crisis. However, the research on the influencing factors and the formation mechanism of institutional resilience is slightly insufficient. Therefore, this paper defines the connotation of institutional resilience in MRCPs on the basis of existing research. Secondly, it codes authoritative journals and expert interview reports related to MRCPs in China by applying a rooting theory. Finally, the paper analyses the formation mechanism of institutional resilience based on an Interpretative Structural Modeling and proposes strategies to enhance it. The results show that the institutional environment is the fundamental influencing factor, institutional implementation, institutional supervision, institutional guarantee and institutional feedback are the direct influencing factors, and institutional stakeholders and institutional design are indirect influencing factors. The mechanism of interaction between the institution and the institutional environment, the mechanism of interaction between the institution and the institutional stakeholders, the mechanism of generation of institutional rules and the mechanism of operation of institutional rules work together to generate institutional resilience. This paper, as an exploratory study on institutional resilience in the field of engineering management, has sorted out the ideas for the subsequent research on institutional resilience in this field and provided the directions for project managers of MRCPs to improve their institutional systems.


Two problems crucial to the stability of longitudinal acoustic waves in solid rocket motors are examined experimentally. The first is the dissipation of energy associated with an average flow inward at the lateral boundary. Measurements reported here, though subject to considerable experimental error, show that the actual
losses are much larger than predicted by the approximate one dimensional analysis. The second problem is the attenuation of waves accompanying reflection by the nonuniform flow in a choked exhaust nozzle. Empahsis in this work has been on technique, to provide data relatively easily and inexpensively. It appears that good results can be obtained in a routine manner using small supersonic wind tunnel operated as an open cycle. At least for Mach
numbers up to 0.04 at the nozzle entrance, difficulties with signal/noise are satisfactorily overcome with a tracking filter.


Disclosed a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system for controlling the flow of gas into or out the adsorption bed using two or more valves. A two or more valves open in order (eg open divided into at least two times by the time difference). Opening that opens to the order of the valve increases the adsorber is purged from the bed, and to facilitate the execution of some of the steps of the PSA cycle, increases the production rate of the adsorbent as a result. Opening of the valve which is in turn, the absolute value, the (consequential) Slope or consequential change rate of the pressure, to measure any of the gas stored in the adsorption bed, downstream manifold or buffer vessel, by, it is possible to match the operation of the valve. .The


In the darkly comedic VietnamWar-era cult filmHarold andMaude the disaffected 20-year-old Harold is sent by his controlling mother to see his uncle Victor. Victor, I should note, is a military man, highly decorated and missing his right arm; he is also Harold's would-be army recruiter. Victor's hero is that quintessential American patriot Nathan Hale. "Now that's what this country needs," Victor enthusiastically exclaims to Harold, "more Nathan Hales!" Hale, of course, is famous for his patriotic proclamation just before his execution that "I only regret that I have but one life to lose formy country." InHale'smind thewillingness todie for one's country was perhaps the ultimate expression of love of one's country—of patriotism. In spite of Victor's patriotic verbal barrage, however, Harold sits stonefaced. He is not persuaded by Victor's superficially patriotic pitch. Steven Johnson, associate professor in the Department of Government and International Affairs at the University of South Florida, is the author of The Truth about Patriotism. Johnson's thought-provoking book reminded me of the above scene from Harold and Maude. Indeed, the scene—perhaps the entire film—would have fit seamlessly into Johnson's book. Johnson deftly employs cinema and popular music, as well as philosophical classics and national monuments, to make a case against patriotism. Johnson is opposed to "patriotic politics" that demand "willful enmity and the logic of sacrifice" (p. 2). The problemwith patriotic politics is two-fold. On the one hand, it demands "willful enmity." By this Johnson means a deliberate hostility directed toward those who question, disagree, or actively oppose the policies of those in power. This willful enmity often takes the form of accusations of being unpatriotic or, specifically in the United States, of being un-American. On the other, equally undesirable hand, patriotic politics incorporates a "logic of sacrifice" that requires and celebrates death for one's country. The patriotic deaths of figures like Nathan Hale come to mind. Johnson argues that citizens view death for one's country as the ultimate sacrifice—and thus the ultimate demonstration


: Government response is not only a feedback of the government to the public demand, but also the key to promote the interaction between the government and the people. This study takes the message data of xi 'an city leaders' message board from January 2020 to March 2021 as the sample, analyzes the characteristics of government response of Xi 'an city leaders' message board on People's Daily online, and constructs logistic regression model to explore the influencing factors of government response. The results show that the main body of the message board is mayor, municipal party committee and district party committee. Comments in the field of employment were more likely to be responded to than other types of comments; The length of message content and the emotional intensity of message significantly affect the possibility of government response.


ix Introduction 1 HIV and AIDS 1 MAIDS model system 3 Role of CD8 T-cells 5 Interleukin -2 8 Interleukin-2 Receptor 10 Purpose and Expectations 10 Materials and Methods 13 Virus and Mice 13 Leukocyte Isolation from Spleens 13 Culturing Cells for Cytokine Assays 14 CD8 T-cell Isolation 15 Freezing and Thawing Cells 17 Antibody Concentrations for Flow Cytometry 18 Antibody Staining 19 Results 22 CD8 Expression for Naive and 1-week Infected Mice 22 Antibody Optimizations for APC-labeled anti-IL-2Rα, Control Antibodies, and CellTracker Green 28 CD8 T-cell Isolation and IL-2R Experiments 29 Flow cytometry Using Antibodies to CD8 and CD25 42 CD25 Expression on Unseparated Leukocytes from 2-week Infected Mice 47 Discussion 54 Problems Encountered 54 CD8 Expression 56 High Affinity IL-2R Expression on CD8 T-cells 57 CD25 Expression on 2-week Infected Spleen Leukocytes 60 Future Work and Conclusions 63 References 66 Appendix LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1. Spleen leukocytes from naive BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice stained with the CD8 antibody or corresponding control antibody 25 Figure 2. Spleen leukocytes from 1 week infected BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice stained with the CD8 antibody or corresponding control antibody. ..26 Figure 3. Percent of live spleen cells labeled with the APC antibody for naive and 1-week infected BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. 27 Figure 4. Isolated CD8 cells from the spleens of a naive BALB/c mouse and a naive C57BL/6 mouse stained with the CD25 antibody or corresponding control antibody. 33 Figure 5. Isolated CD8 cells from the spleens of a 1-week infected BALB/c mouse and a 1-week infected C57BL/6 mouse stained with the CD25 antibody or corresponding control antibody. 34 Figure 6. Isolated CD8 cells from the spleens of a 2-week infected C57BL/6 mouse stained with the CD25 antibody or corresponding control antibody 35 Figure 7. Isolated CD8 cells from the spleens of a 4-week infected BALB/c mouse and a 4-week infected C57BL/6 mouse stained with the CD25 antibody or corresponding control antibody 36 Figure 8. Percent of CD8 cells expressing CD25 for naive, 1-week, 2-week and 4-week infected BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice 37 Figure 9. Leukocytes from the spleen of a naive BALB/c mouse and a naive C57BL/6 mouse stained with the CD25 antibody or corresponding control antibody. 40 Figure 10. Leukocytes from the spleens of 2-week infected BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice stained with the CD25 antibody or corresponding control antibody 41


This paper is based upon a literature review. Its aim is to forward a review on the evolution of negligent misrepresentation especially in the South African jurisdiction. The birth of negligent misrepresentation stemmed from Roman law under the guise of the action legis Aquiliae. This action was confined to claims of personal damage and damage to property. The Roman-Dutch law attempts an extension to this action, to every kind of loss sustained by a person in consequence of wrongful acts of another. The Aquilian action has reached its end development in South African law, where compensation for negligent misrepresentation may be claimed ex lege Aquilia. As Aquilian liability results from every culpable and wrongful act which causes patrimonial damage, it is adumbrated that the law of delict will collide with the constitutional demands of the South African law. This paper suggests that the South African law of delict should developed and used as an instrument to serve constitutional purposes. South African Constitutional cases, such as Fose v Minister of Safety and Security and Carmichele exert that if the law of delict does provide a remedy, it is inappropriate to award additional constitutional damages. Foreign case law of Canada in Hedley Byrne & Co v Heller advocates a fresh approach with regard to negligent misrepresentation which relies heavily on Mukheiber v Raath case law. Original Research Article Swartz et al.; JSRR, 5(7): 532-541, 2015; Article no.JSRR.2015.120 533


Abstract AIMS: To assess if raising concentrations of crude protein (CP) in pasture in spring by the frequent application of urea fertiliser would affect ovarian follicular dynamics, luteal function, onset of oestrus and reproductive performance of dairy cows under farming conditions in New Zealand. METHODS: Spring-calved dairy cows were grazed for 101 days in paddocks that were either not fertilised (Control; n=20) during the course of the study, or were fertilised with 40–50 kg nitrogen (N)/ha every 4–6 weeks (High-N; n=20). Similar generous pasture allowances were offered to both groups. Concentrations of CP in pasture, urea in serum and progesterone in milk were measured. Ovarian follicular and luteal dynamics were determined using ultrasonography. Oestrous behaviour and the number, time and outcome of inseminations were also recorded. RESULTS: Mean concentrations of CP in pasture and urea in serum was higher in the High-N than the Control group (25.2 vs21.6 and 8.3 vs 5.4 mmol/L for CP and urea, respectively; p<0.001). Intervals between calving and first oestrus, first insemination and conception, the time of first emergence of a dominant follicle, milk progesterone concentration, and the diameter of the corpus luteum (CL) in the first luteal phase did not differ significantly between groups. The interval from calving to first ovulation tended (p=0.10) to be lower and the diameter of the dominant follicle of the oestrous cycle at which cows conceived was greater (p=0.02) in Control than High-N cows. CONCLUSIONS: The use of large amounts of urea fertiliser during spring and the consequent increases in concentrations of CP in pasture and urea in serum did not negatively affect any of the parameters of reproductive performance of pasture-fed dairy cows that were assessed in this study.


In order to meet the needs of sensor miniaturization, this paper implements a high integrative frequency measurement method in a low-end Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). This method combines the simple structure of equal precision frequency measurement method and the high precision of TDC. The TDC uses tapped-delay line (TDL) structure and uses the wave union A method to reduce resource consumption and improve the resolution of time measurements. Tests have been done to verify the feasibility of this method, and the frequency measurement precision can reach Milli Hertz within 1s. This method has a broad prospect of low cost and miniaturization application.


The paper presents the material on rather a contradictory problem whether to consider the English language as a language of intercultural communication or not, whether it is necessary to use the standard variant of English of it is useful to take into account the cultural peculiarities of non-native speakers of English. The paper represents the information on the history of becoming English the language of international communication. It should be noted that the paper data are based only on the works by the native speakers of the English language (English and American scientists, scholars, inves-tigators). The process of transforming international English into a means of global communication at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries has taken place so rapidly that the academic community has been unable to reach a consensus on the global standard of the English global language due to insufficient research of the issue. The thesis about the need to recognize for the language of worldwide communication the right to develop its own norms based on studying research material contained in the database of using international English those who speak English as the second language, is not sufficiently convincing at this stage of the transformation of the world system of languages, since it contradicts both the theory and practice of the origin and development of languages. The issue of turning the English language into a language of international communication is still open for discussion. English, being the language of global distribution, is a secondary means of cultural and linguistic identity, allowing each ethnical community to share its cultural heritage with representatives of other nations. It is necessary to note that English continues taking place in the language of world communication since no other language is spoken by so many people in the modern world. However, one should not forget about the literary norm, which is a significantly differentiated complex of language means, which preserve a number of variants and synonymous ways of expression. It is proved in the paper that spreading English is not a process of eliminating illiteracy but vice versa it is the process of the interconnection of cultures and cultural heritage.


As our country's Institute of higher education,The university's significance is not only providing the talented person for the society,but also the propaganda name card to public.We know the city better through understanding university which lies in the city.University also traines talented person for social,promotes economic development simultaneously,and transforms teacher's achievements and scientific research into the productive forces,creates the urban wealth.The university is the inventor of the urban spiritual wealth,as well as is advantageous to harmonious social and the society's construction in which people study all life.


We define in section 1 our notion of land reform, on section 2, the most important social and political movements of land reform in Latin America are presented. On section 3 we use a theoretical model in the context of economic growth with human capital learning-by-doing to evaluate land reforms. Section 4, discusses the results. Section 5 presents some economic efficiency estimates for the ?Cedula? project of 2000 in NE Brazil - a market led land bill project, sponsored by the World Bank (WB) and the Ministry of Agricultural Development (MDA). Finally, section 6 concludes, and section 7 presents the references.


A 3-D oil spill model was developed to study the behaviour of heavy spilled oil in the sea. The model could describe the behaviour on the spilled oil on the sea surface, throughout the water column and sedimentation process on the bottom, by using the empirical formula derived from the laboratory experiments. The model results show that the spilled oil could settle on the sea bottom, if the specific gravity of spilled oil increased due to fire, adsorption of the heavy component of oil to the suspended matter and emulsifying process.