BACKGROUND
Outcomes of targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) and regenerative peripheral nerve interface (RPNI) in the oncologic population are limited. We sought to examine the safety and effectiveness of TMR and RPNI in controlling postamputation pain in the oncologic population.

METHODS
A retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients who underwent oncologic amputation followed by immediate TMR and/or RPNI was conducted from November 2018 to May 2022. Primary study outcome was postamputation pain, assessed using the Numeric Pain Scale (NPS), and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS ®) for residual limb pain (RLP) and phantom limb pain (PLP). Secondary outcomes included postoperative complications, tumor recurrence, and opioid use.

RESULTS
Sixty-three patients were evaluated with mean follow-up period of 11.3 months. The majority of patients (65.1%) had a history of previous limb salvage. At final follow-up, patients had an average NPS RLP of 1.3 ± 2.2 and PLP 1.9 ± 2.6. The final average raw PROMIS® measures were Pain Intensity 6.2 ± 2.9 (T-score 43.5), Pain Interference 14.6 ± 8.3 (T-score 55.0), and Pain Behavior 39.0 ± 22.1 (T-score 53.4). Patient opioid use decreased from 85.7% preoperatively to 37.7% postoperatively and morphine milligram equivalents (MME) decreased from a mean of 52.4 ± 53.0 preoperatively to 20.2 ± 38.4.

CONCLUSIONS
TMR and RPNI in the oncologic population are safe surgical techniques associated with significant reductions in PLP, RLP and improvements in patient-reported outcomes. This study provides evidence for the routine incorporation of TMR and RPNI in the multidisciplinary care of oncologic amputees.


IceCube-Gen2 is a planned extension to the existing IceCube Neutrino Observatory and will provide an order of magnitude increase in the detection rate of cosmic neutrinos by deploying ~10,000 sensors in a volume of ~8 cubic kilometers. As part of the upcoming IceCube Upgrade, we are developing prototype IceCube-Gen2 sensors to test all components in-situ in preparation for mass production required for IceCube-Gen2. The novel IceCube-Gen2 module will contain up to eighteen 4-inch photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). The signals for each PMT are digitized with a 2-channel, 12-bit ADC (low- and high-gain) at a rate of 60 MSps. In addition, each module contains LED flashers for in-ice calibration, an FPGA for performing in-module local coincidence of PMT signals, and onboard $\mu$SD flash memory for buffering data before it is sent to the surface. In this contribution, we discuss the electronics and data acquisition system design.


: Liver plays a major role in detoxification. Treatment of liver diseases is still a challenge to modern medicine. The allopathic medicine has been found to offer little in the alleviation of hepatic ailments whereas the most im-portant representatives are of phytoconstituents. The in vitro hepatoprotective activity of various extracts of the plant Cochlospermum religiosum on the BRL3A (rat, liver cell line) cell line was carried out against paracetamol intoxication and the percentage viability of the cell line was determined. The cytotoxicity of Cochlospermum religiosum on rat liver cell was evaluated by the MTT assay [(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay]. Out of the various extracts evaluated, ethanolic extract of Cochlospermum religiosum gave promising results.


Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is an immune‐mediated allergic response to proteins in milk that is common in infants. Broad CMPA symptoms make diagnosis a challenge, particularly in primary care. Symptom scores may improve a clinician's awareness of symptoms, indicating a need for further testing. This systematic review examined the development and evaluation of such symptom scores for use in infants.


The issue of early Neolithic isolation in various territories is one of the most difficult to study. The early Neolithic steppe Volga Region was unknown for a long time. This is due to the small number of Neolithic monuments in the region of interest. The situation changed after the study of the Varfolomeevskaya site. The lower layer of this reference monument of the Orel culture belonged to the Middle Neolithic, layers 2B and 2A - to the late Neolithic. This version was based on a limited source base and a few radiocarbon dates, some of which were of a debatable nature. New field surveys in 2014-2017 on three excavations in Oroshaemoe Settlement and significant series of radiocarbon dates for various organic materials obtained in various laboratories (including AMS) allowed us to revise the periodization of both the Varfolomeevskaya site and the Oryol culture on the whole. This allows you to make a typological analysis of materials, as well as technical and technological analysis of ceramic implements. Thus, the earliest ceramics are made from silt with a natural admixture of shells of mollusks. The lower layer of the monument is now defined as Early Neolithic, layer 2B - the Middle Neolithic, layer 2A - late Neolithic.


Characteristics of migration of primary elements such as Ca,Mg,Zn,Fe,Cu,Mn at different geomorphological positions(depression,slope,saddle) at Guilin Karst Experimental Site were investigated.The results showed that total Ca and Mg displayed leaching migration,while total Zn displayed accumulation.Available Zn,Cu and Fe displayed generally leaching migration,while available Mn displayed general accumulation.The sequence of transfer and accumulation varied with different geomorphological positions.On the other hand,the correlation between migration of some elements and plant transpiration were studied and exemplified by predominant shrub Vitex negundo at the Karst Experimental Site.The results showed that the migration of elements such as Ca,Mg,Zn,Cu and Fe was highly correlated to plant transpiration,and the influence oftranspirationvaried with different elements.The plant transpirationhad an important promoting effect on migration of the elements,such as Mn and Cu,which were more difficultto transfer.The study results provide a certain theoretical basis for further studies on the rule of element migration and its influence factors in Karst Ecosystems.


An important consideration in the determination of threshold for laser oscillation and of laser efficiency is the scattering and diffraction losses which are present in the resonant optical cavity. Previous techniques for measuring such losses include: (1) conventional techniques for small-angle scattering, and (2) variation of the cavity loss in a known manner [ R. J. Collins D. F. Nelson , in Proceedings of the Conference on Optical Instruments and Techniques, HabellK. J., ed. ( Wiley, New York, 1963)]. The first technique leaves uncertain the acceptance angle of the resonant cavity for scattered radiation. This paper describes the extension of the second method to permit measurement of losses effective in prohibiting laser oscillation in materials which are not operative as laser oscillators. Thus, the technique discussed is useful in evaluating otherwise promising laser materials. Scattering losses in some potential organic laser materials are obtained using the technique described.


Priority problem of c lients who are hospitalized are vulnerable to anxiety and tend to get depressed, so this ailment affects the healing process. Lying weak clients who will feel saturated, thinking negatively about the condition of hers that never improved thus will lower the body's immunity, increases the suffering of the impact a slowdown in the process of adaptation and healing. Psikoreligi therapy is given in the form of guidance on the concept of healthy hospitals from the viewpoint of religion, guidance for dhikr and prayer.Individuals who have spiritual health, life becomes more sincere or resignation towards everything that is given by God, so that will happen the process homeostasis (balance). All protectors are there in the human body working with the obedience of worship, more closer to Allah SWT and clever grateful so created an atmosphere of balance of neurotransmitters in the brain.


This article is the result of a heuristic scanning of different documents deposited in the Historical Archive of Pasto (AHP) concerning musical processes that occurred throughout the 19th century, which document a first approach to the study of the teaching of music in the city at that time. Documentary and bibliographic sources identify a complex historical corpus based on five axis that drove these processes, which are: empirical instruction (the guilds), instrumental practice (bands and orchestras), the hereditary transmission of musical knowledge (families of musicians), and the participation of religious communities and school training (The Academy of music). A review of AHP documents evidences the importance of music in nineteenth-century Pastusian society, its everyday practices and constant efforts to achieve formalization and training.


In this paper,the numerical experiments show that the non-conforming EQ1rot element approximates eigenvalues which are obtained by two-grid discretization schemes from below.We prove that the non-conforming EQ1rot element approximates eigenvalues that are obtained by two-grid discretization schemes from below when the exact eigenfunction is singular.


Usability practices and rhetorical awareness can be usefully paired in teaching technical or engineering communication. Designing and conducting usability tests and revising documents based on user feedback sharpen students' sense of audience and the other elements of rhetorical situations throughout the different stages of the writing process. To meet the challenge of incorporating a usability project that will take just a few weeks, we have taken two alternative approaches: 1) students created and tested paper prototypes of mobile applications; and 2) students modified and tested existing products using documentation/instruction sets rather than starting from scratch. The first approach led to stronger student investment, while the second approach led to more polished final writing products. Both approaches successfully achieved desired instructor and student outcomes, and could be easily adopted and adapted.


Multiple access interference (MAI) is the major limiting factor for the channel capacity especially when it is desired to have large number of users (overloaded) in DS-CDMA system. We propose a scheme which removes MAI with very little computations. The scheme is based on two requirements, firstly, presence of a user called 'Pseudo-user' whose data is already known to the receiver and secondly, cross-correlation of the spreading code set for the users is the same throughout. To achieve the second requirement, we divide the users equally in groups, giving each group an identity through an orthogonal spreading code. Now the number of users is small in every group, thus making it possible to find a set of spreading codes with same cross-correlation. The bit error rate (BER) is almost independent of the number of users and MAI is removed elegantly with simple computations.


| We present an eecient algorithm for the enhancement of speech signals which are heavily corrupted by short-time stationary, acoustically or electrically added disturbances. The algorithm is based on spectral amplitude estimation using an overlap-add FFT lter bank system. Compared to other systems , the improved performance of our speech enhancement system is achieved by the combination of the best known spectral amplitude estimators of the noisy speech signal and a new eecient and reliable noise spectrum tracker. As a result, our speech enhancement system requires no speech pause detection for noise estimation and needs only 14% { 23% of the resources of a commercially available digital signal processor .


1. Slow burning wood-plastic composition comprising: cellulosic fiber; ! thermoplastic polymeric material; ! from 0.1 to 10 wt.% binding agent selected from the group consisting of high density polyethylene (HDPE), functionalized with maleic anhydride, low density polyethylene (LDPE), functionalized with maleic anhydride, ethylene-propylene copolymers (EP), functionalized with maleic anhydride, polypropylene (PP), acrylic acid functionalized, high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE),-ethylene propylene copolymers (EP), copolymers of STI roll / maleic anhydride, vinyltrialkoxysilanes and combinations thereof; ! from 1 to 40 wt% flame retardant.; and! from 1 to 20 wt.% of the synergist. ! 2. The composition of claim 1 further comprising between 1 and 30 wt.% Of a char forming agent. ! 3. The composition of claim 1, in which! said binding agent is from 0.25 to 5 wt.%; ! said flame retardant is from 10 to 35 wt.%; and! said synergist is from 3 to 15 wt.%. ! 4. A composition according to claim 3, further comprising forming agent carbonized substance in an amount of from 5 to 25 wt.%. ! 5. The composition according to claim 3, wherein! said binding agent is from 0.5 to 2 wt.%; ! said flame retardant is from 20 to 30 wt.%; and! said synergist is from 5 to 12 wt.%. ! 6. The composition of claim 5, further comprising forming agent carbonized substance in an amount of from 7 to 20 wt.%. ! 7. The composition of claim 1, wherein said cellulosic fiber is a component selected


Local restrictions on new housing supply, including minimum lot-size requirements, single-family zoning, parking requirements, and historic preservation rules, all limit the supply of housing allowed within localities and drive up the cost of housing that is permitted. Federal policymakers have an interest in local zoning reform that improves housing affordability and opportunities for people to live in the location where their best job opportunities are located. In the past, members of Congress and administration officials have proposed policies intended to encourage local zoning reform. This policy brief presents an idea for a grant program that is likely to encourage local zoning reform more effectively than what has been proposed previously. This program would reward municipalities with policies demonstrated to permit ample, low-cost construction. Additionally, this brief presents an idea for a pilot program that could improve outcomes of the federal Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Program.


Potential renewable energy source that can be greatly utilized is the water flow, namely hydropower. The hydropower is one of the efforts to answer the energy crisis occurred in several regions due to lack of awareness to develop alternative energy. This effort will be done by designing a hydroelectric power plant. Before being made, it was studied using CFD simulation using Ansys Student Version 19.1 that was calculated based on flow assumptions. One model of the approach used is k-epsilon, with the initial flow rate of 5 m/s. By using water-liquid fluid material, the speed of water produced around the wheel is 2.19 m/s while the speed of water after passing the water wheel is 5.07m/s.


This two-cycle action research explores how Colombian students from rural and urban areas construct community knowledge by exploring funds of knowledge using dialogue journals. Thirty-three seventh graders from an urban school participated in the first phase and 19 sixth graders from a rural school and 18 eighth graders from an urban school in the second phase. Data were gathered through journals, artifacts, audio recordings, narratives, focus groups, and interviews. Results revealed how students learned to see and re-signify their communities and territory by exploring the knowledge held by their families and community members. Then dialogue journals were valuable tools to verbalize and communicate their perceptions and understandings about their communities and funds of knowledge.


ABSTRACT When students take their first upper division mathematics course after an introduction to proof course, they are often overwhelmed by the prospect of writing in a mathematics course. In mathematics, unlike other disciplines, students are very seldom asked to respond via writing to a reading assignment, to write an essay about a topic they have always used their intuition to explain, or to fully research a mathematics topic and report on it to their peers. This paper will highlight the ways in which writing, reading, and group work can be used to develop skills in geometry in one semester.


The structure of the Cu(110) surface is studied at high temperatures using a combination of latticegas Monte Carlo and molecular-dynamics methods with identical many-atom interactions derived from the effective-medium theory. The anisotropic six-vertex model is used in the interpretation of the lattice-gas results. We find a clear roughening transition around TR = 1000 K, and TR/TM = 0.81. Molecular dynamics reveals the clustering of surface defects as the atomistic mechanism of the transition and allows us to estimate characteristic time scales. For the system of size 50x50, the time scale of the local roughening at 1150 K of an initially smooth surface is of the order of 100 ps.


With the advancement of technology and continuous development of vocational colleges, data mining has been adapted more frequently in education. Based on the survey data in recent years, we clear and integrate the data. Applying EXCEL to the analysis of data mining and adopting association and clustering algorithm, we find the employment law of graduates. Correspondingly, we put forward the strategy and method of improving the quality of personnel training and the quality of employment so that the result of data analysis can provide scientific gauge for the reformation and development of high vocational colleges.


To determine the frequency of drink driving in professional drivers (Via Blanca, Havana City), we carried out a descriptive study of 832 drivers selected by multistage stratified sampling. A structured interview with each driver was carried out to record the variables under study, and a breath alcohol test was subsequently performed. The frequency of drink driving was 8.18% (95% CI, 5.94%-10.42%), with a predominance of drivers with alcohol levels ≤ 0.24% (51.07%). Drink driving was more frequent in «high risk» hours, in drivers aged between 40 and 49 years old (10.3%), and in those with 15 to 24 years of experience (11.02%). The frequency of drink driving found in this study highlights the need to design traffic accident prevention strategies.


Summary
 A pest survey and subsequent identification confirmed the presence of the spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), in Pinrang District, South Sulawesi Province of Indonesia. This is the first report of the insect in the province and population outbreaks resulting in serious damage to pepper, Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae), in Indonesia. In our subsequent survey, A. dispersus was found on pepper in 2 other districts of the province, Pangkep and Wajo. Given its wide host range and dispersal capability, the insect poses a serious threat to pepper in Indonesia. Pepper growers at the survey site applied mixtures of insecticides 2–3 times per week to suppress the pest. Their insecticide choices and application frequencies were based on their own experience in controlling other pests. They urgently need information on effective measures to control this new pest. Therefore, a study on field and laboratory evaluations of selected insecticides against the spiraling whitefly has been completed recently and the results will be published in a separate paper. Surveys for potential biological control agents, such as parasitoid wasps and entomopathogenic fungi, are also underway. Furthermore, given the following phenomena: the presence of high population of A. dispersus concomitant with the high incidence of PepYLCIV, a Begomovirus; low population of its known vector, B. tabaci; and the ability of A. dispersus to transmit a Begomovirus, CBSV in Africa; it is imperative to conduct a study to determine the capability of the spiraling whitefly in transmitting the PepYLCIV in South Sulawesi.


How to compete on the basis of intangible assets-your priceless relationships with customers, employees, suppliers, and shareholders. A Winning Plan for Building Stakeholder Commitment and Driving Corporate GrowthIn today's environment of fierce and unrelenting competition, the most powerful weapon in any company's arsenal is not its products or services but the assets that can never be replicated-its relationships with customers, employees, suppliers, investors, and the communities it serves. Balancing conflicting agendas while creating value for all stakeholders is an enormous challenge, but one that pays off in the long run as the company builds commitment, a steadfast loyalty, both inside and outside the firm, to everything the company provides and stands for.Drawing from his own firm's sixty-year history as a pioneer in corporate reputation, consumer psychology, and market research, as well as from in-depth case studies of organizations as diverse as LensCrafters, DHL, and Edison International, Steven Walker offers a practical model for hard-wiring stakeholder management into strategy and reaping the rewards, through continuous innovation, learning, and profitable


A novel compact coplanar stripline (CPS) fed antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB) application is investigated. The proposed antenna consists of a stair-case shaped radiator along with a shorted strip. The prototype is designed on a substrate of dielectric constant 4.4, with an overall dimension of 25mm x7mm x1.6mm. The antenna offers a 2:1 VSWR bandwidth from 3.1-11.4 GHz, with an average gain of 3dBi and average radiation efficiency of 75% throughout the band. Measured group delay and transmission characteristics show that the proposed antenna is a good candidate for UWB communication systems. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of the International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies (ICICT 2014).


Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is a very common condition and often missed in its early stage leading to serious complications like chronic pelvic pain, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic back pain, pelvic abscess, Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome etc. The doctors treating PID forget the most important aspect of management which is partner notification (PN) leading to chronicity and serious complications. Therefore the treatment should be appropriate and adequate PN should be undertaken.


This paper concerns the asymptotic behaviour of so- lutions of functional differential equations with unbounded delay to non-equilibrium limits. The underlying deterministic equation is presumed to be a linear Volterra integro-differential equation whose solution tends to a non-trivial limit. We show when the noise perturbation is bounded by a non-autonomous linear func- tional with a square integrable noise intensity, solutions tend to a non-equilibrium and non-trivial limit almost surely and in mean- square. Exact almost sure convergence rates to this limit are de- termined in the case when the decay of the kernel in the drift term is characterised by a class of weight functions.


Curcumin is herb that used as natural colorant in pickled green mustard to improve the product's color. Unfortunately, the yellow color of curcumin is not sTable in the product due to its photodegradation. Therefore, this research was aimed to study the encapsulation of curcumin crude extract by using hydroxypropyl-P-cyclodextrin and kneading method to improve its color stability as well as its application in pickle green mustard as the natural colorant. Curcumin podwer was extracted by using the mixture of ethanol and water with the ratio of ethanol to water as 100:0, 75:25, and 50:50 for 1.5 h. The ratio of ethanol to water as 75:25 provided the highest curcumin content as 62.98%. Then the curcumin crude extract was encapsulated by using HP-PCD and kneading method with the molecular ratio of curcumin crude extract to HP-PCD as 1: 1, 1: 1.5, and 1 :2 with the kneading time of 5, 10, 15, and 20 min. The mixture was then dried at 40°C for overnight and then ground into powder. Some properties of encapsulated curcumin powder, such as color release and powder stability, were investigated as well as encapsulation efficiency (EE) and encapsulation yield (EY). The molecular ratio of 1 :2 gave the highest EE and EY as 99 .26 and 41.08%, respectively. Moreover, the curcumin was retained on the encapsulated powder as 54% under shaking condition for 20 min. Thermal degradation of encapsulated power was found to be zero-order with R of 0.901, while photodegradation was found to be the firstorder with R2 of 0.964. The color of encapsulated curcumin powder was pH dependence. In addition, the encapsulated curcumin powder was applied as colorant in pickled green mustard and then kept at 55°C for 30 days as accelerated storage condition. Although, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in color due to lower dosage used for microencapsulated powder, pickled green mustard containing encapsulated curcumin powder had better score than control in flavor, texture, and overall liking throughout the storage with product acceptance as 68.89% at the end of accelerated storage test, which was equal to 6 months.


PURPOSE: Provided are a catalyst precursor resin composition which contains a UV curable resin having an excellent adhesion to a substrate to allow an electromagnetic wave-screening material to be prepared easily without additional pretreatment, a transparent electromagnetic wave-screening material prepared by using the composition, and its preparation method. CONSTITUTION: The catalyst precursor resin composition comprises a reactive oligomer; a reactive monomer; a photoinitiator; an electroless plating catalyst precursor material; and a solvent. Preferably the reactive oligomer contains an acrylate or methacrylate functional group and has a molecular weight of 500-5,000; the reactive monomer contains an acrylate or methacrylate functional group and has a molecular weight of 100-600; the photoinitiator is selected from the group consisting of α-hydroxyketone, phenylglyoxylate, benzyldimethyl ketal, α-aminoketone, monoacyl phosphine and bisacyl phosphine; the electroless plating catalyst precursor material is an organic or inorganic compound of a metal of group 8B or 1B; and the solvent is selected from the group consisting of chloroform, acetonitrile, methylethyl ketone and ethyl acetate.


We have developed a detection system of faulty ground wires from an aerial video of transmission lines. These days, there are many devices installed on the ground wires to reduce the influence of snow and wind, such as antisnow wrapping wires and dampers. Our new system considers such devices. The detection performance of faulty wires is 7% higher than the original detection system that does not take these devices into account. Key-Words: Fault Detection, Image Processing, Image Recognition, Ground Wire Inspection, Antisnow Wrapping Wire, Optical-fiber Cable


Researchers who use remote unmoderated usability testing services often rely on panels of on-demand participants. In this exploratory study, we wanted to better understand the effects of participants completing many usability studies over time, particularly how this experience may shape the content and quality of user feedback. We present a user study with 15 diverse "professional participants" and discuss some of the panel conditioning effects described by participants.


AbstractThis article focuses on the decorative penwork in an incunabulum containing Der bien boeck by Thomas of Cantimpre. It discusses in particular the relevance of this penwork and the date the book was printed, 1488, in dating the related 'Enkhuizen' pen flourishing, which up to now was mainly found in undated manuscripts.


Ge CMOS is very striking for the post Si-CMOS technology. However, we have to attempt a number of challenges with regard to materials and their interface control. In this paper we have investigated the control of the interfacial properties of SiO2 / Ge gate stack structures by the thermal nitridation technique. Structural and electrical properties of SiO2 gate-dielectric metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors deposited by sputtering on germanium are studied. The structural characterization confirmed that the thin film was free of physical defects and smooth surface of the films after PDA at 500 °C in N2 ambient. The smooth surface SiO2 thin films were used for Pt / SiO2 / GeON / Ge MOS structures fabrication. The MOS structure yields a low leakage current density of 9.16 × 10 – 6A cm – 2 at 1 V.


A polymer-coated surface-acoustic-wave dual delay line oscillator of 50MHz fundamental frequency has been successfully applied as a humidity sensor. A YZ-cut lithium niobate substrate was used. The polymer (polyXIO) was deposited directly over the substrate or over a metal film on the substrate. A turn-around in the frequency shift and a jump in the attenuation were observed when the polymer was deposited over the substrate directly, and therefore the relative humidity range cannot be covered completely. It appears that depositing the polymer over a metal film eliminates both the turn-around in frequency shift and the jump in the attenuation. Moreover, the curve was smooth and covered the full range of relative humidity, and the change in attenuation was found to be lower than the non-metallized path. The viscoelastic mechanism appears to dominate for the whole range of relative humidity. The sensor was found to be reproducible with a moderate hysteresis effect, of the order of 5%. The sensor appears to have no cross effects from other gases and seems to be highly selective to humidity. This absence of cross effects makes the device a good candidate for humidity measurements in general and to eliminate humidity effects in electronic nose systems. Also, an electronic nose system of four Taguchi Gas Sensors (TGS) was built. It appears that each sensor has a separate response pattern to each gas used in the test (methane, propane, ethylene and ethane), and that the relative humidity affects the behavior of the electronic nose system. The feasibility of discriminating between gases in mixture was demonstrated. The effects of the ambient conditions, especially humidity, temperature, and the concentration of oxygen gas inside the chamber, appears to affect the reproducibility of the system. This results in a non-reproducible output of the sensors which makes it difficult to train the neural network program in order to discriminate between gases at a given value of relative humidity and concentration. Using different kinds of sensors which is more stable under ambient conditions might give more precise results in discriminating between gases and could improve the estimation of the concentration in the mixture.


The horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, emits sonar cries that rise slightly in frequency to about 83 kHz, remain constant at 83 kHz for 10–50 msec or so, and then during the last millisecond or two sweep downward to 65 or 70 kHz. Other laboratories have reported that the bat adjusts its outgoing CW frequency to keep the returning echo frequency at 83.4 kHz regardless of Doppler shift. Discrimination experiments indicate that Rhinolophus uses the terminal FM signal for target ranging, achieving an acuity of about 30 mm with a cross‐correlation sonar receiver. The FM and CW signals are separated by sharply tuned auditory mechanisms into different populations of neurons. Such separation is vital in a correlation receiver to prevent contamination of the FM signal with the CW signal and consequent loss of acuity in ranging. Doppler‐shift compensation is necessary because the narrow‐band FM waveform of Rhinolophus is subject to intolerably large Doppler ranging errors. Other bats that use correlation receivers avoid severe Doppler ranging errors by transmitting broad‐band FM signals.


Zaprionus indianus is a species of fly native to the Afrotropical biogeographic region, which around twenty years ago invaded the American continent. Several studies have shown that local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity of an invasive species in its native range could favour the colonization of new environments. Zaprionus indianus is a holometabolous generalist polyphagous species that breeds and feeds on the fruits of several different species, which constitute different environments. In this context, we performed a comparative analysis of the phenotypic plasticity of morphological and life history traits in response to seven different breeding environments (i.e. different breeding fruits). The comparison was of native (Africa) vs. invaded range (South America) wild-derived populations. The population-level phenotypic plasticity values related to heterogeneity in different breeding environments for most traits analysed were higher for one of the native range population. This differentiation was also recorded for the ranking across breeding environments of developmental time and wing length mean phenotypic values. In addition, mean phenotypic values pooled across fruit treatments were larger for individuals from the invaded range, which suggests local adaptation. Results define a scenario in which, although not for all the populations analysed, phenotypic plasticity contributes to the invasiveness and local adaptation in native range population of Z. indianus.


In annual report, 1973. 29:008951Thesis. Submitted to Muenster Univ. (West Germany). This work gives a systematic analysis of intrinsic ground states of several even--even nuclei in the s-d shell. For this purpose, multi-configuration Hartree- Fock (MCHF) calculations are performed for nearly all nuclei with N= Z and N = Z + 2 in the s--d shell, with different configuration spaces and effective interactions. From the resulting intrinsic ground states the ground-state bands of these nuclei have been calculated by means of an angular momentum projection. Furthermore, for /sup 20/Ne and /sup 22/ Ne nuclei, MCHF calculations have been performed in the laboratory system, i.e. with an angular momentum projection prior to the variation of the internal degrees of freedom. (6 figures, 17 tables) (GE)


The Planned Parenthood Southeastern Pennsylvania (PPSP) explicitly acknowledged the agencys commitment to males by expanding and altering PPSPs community image. With the agencys needs as well as grant criteria in mind staff drafter a program proposal which would aggressively reach out to the target group. Original plans included hiring 3 staff members (clinician educator and outreach worker) preferably all male who would offer medical/counseling services at 3 sites and provide educational programs in the community. A marketing campaign would augment the efforts of the outreach worker. Additional funding would depend on in-kind contributions from local advertising firms to help contain costs. The foundation responded generously and enthusiastically providing the funding for what would eventually be known as Project MARCH (Men Acting Responsibly for Contraception and Health). Despite the slower than anticipated first year start (it took 4 months just to hire staff) PPSP reached 850 males. 145 men most of whom were in their 20s accounted for 195 patient visits and 705 adolescents participated in educational programs. Foundation support remained firm for a modified 2nd-year grant and the 1st years experience led to an alteration of program priorities. The original goal of "educating males about their role and responsibilities in family planning reproductive health and sexual relationships" was retained but now public awareness/community education was primary while medical services became secondary. Project staff learned that the medical component was attracting a much older population than anticipated; adolescent males seemed even more reluctant than anticipated to come to Planned Parenthood. At the same time no other educational programs specifically directed toward adolescent males existed in Philadelphia. A consultant was hired who recommended the adoption of a slogan and program concept that would better communicate the message of the project to the public. The promotion of Project MARCH began complete with logo stationery and new transit cards. An elaborate press kit was developed and distributed to more than 200 print and electronic media sources. A professional public relations plan was developed complete with specific activities which would communicate the message. The response has been phenomenal. Over 1 dozen radio and television programs have featured Project MARCH and 6 newspaper articles have appeared. The long-range goal of the project is the elimination of the need for a "special" male program ultimately achieving full integration of services for both men and women.


Malta fever) is an infection caused by gram negative coccobacilli (Brucellae)1, the first of which was isolated by Bruce2 in 1887. The organism is facultative intracellular bacteria, which can reside in both nonphagocytic and phagocytic cells.3 Brucella infects a variety of both wild and domesticated animals. Sheep, goats, cattle, and camels are the reservoirs for human infection.3 Brucellosis is both occupational and public infection acquired via contact with animal secretions or tissues or milk ingestion.4 The organism infects multiple organs. Neurobrucellosis is the most serious brucella manifestation. The annual incidence rate ranges from 0.01 to > 200 per 100,000 in endemic areas. This wide range reflects under reporting and missing cases. Brucellosis is uncommon in developed countries owing to eradication programs coupled with the mandatory pasteurization of milk.4 The number of cases dropped in USA from 6000 in 1947 to 200 in the recent years.5 The zoonosis, however, remains endemic in many Middle Eastern, Mediterranean B countries and Latin America particularly in regions where goats, sheep, or camels are herded. The incidence is increasing in the Middle East because of importing animals from endemic areas, foundation of big farms and increased awareness of the disease.6 In Qatar, where the habit of raw milk ingestion especially among Bedouins is common, the disease is endemic. However, reported cases dropped from 194 patients (1993-1995) to 79 patients (1996-1998). We are reporting two children with neurobrucellosis; one of them has an unusual presentation.


The influence of the environment on the formation of bacterial endospores has only lately been reviewed comprehensively and expertly by Knaysi (1948), and it would be superfluous to repeat the literature coverage, except where special points have direct bearing on the work presented here. The foregoing authority summarizes (p. 63) his views of the subject as follows: "The conclusion that an endospore is formed by a healthy cell facing starvation is undoubtedly true for all strongly aerobic members of BaciUus....." This representation, suggested also by earlier workers (see Knaysi's review, 1948), is frequently encountered. Viewed in a different sense, a spore may be thought of as the end product of a series of enzymatic reactions in the proper balance and integrated toward the generation of the spore. If this hypothesis is correct, any circumstance disrupting this balance would interrupt sporogenesis at any one of a number of stages in the biochemical sequence. Furthermore, such a disruption could be a function of the nutritional environment, a situation analogous to numerous other physiological processes in cells. The experiments reported below are not inconsistent with these ideas. Also established is the point that sporogenesis is independent of growth and that the latter may be abundant, healthy, and starved, and yet fail to generate spores.


The torsional strength of the drill stem tool joint is generally lower than that of the pipe body thereof.To meet the need in this regard the non-API hi-torsional strength double shoulder connector is selected.Then two large-scale FE analyzing softwares named I-DEAS and MARC are used at the SGI INDIG02IMPACTR10000working station for relevant computerized simulation to analyze the stress distribution on the double shoulder tooth surface and in the shoulder area of the S-135drill stem connector.The result of the calculation is compared with the API standard connector,which has brought about such a conclusion that the torsional strength of the said double shoulder connector is as high as1.5times the API standard connector.


The effect of a 10-week meditation program on 20 patients who were undergoing long-term individual explorative psychotherapy was studied. Change in the psychological well-being of the patients and the


Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is an important domain of healthcare. First responders save millions of lives per year. Machine learning and sensing technologies are actively being developed to support first responders in their EMS activities. However, there are significant challenges to overcome in developing these new solutions. One of the main challenges is the limitations of existing methods for EMS text mining, and developing a highly accurate language model for the EMS domain. Several important Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformer (BERT) models for medical domains, i.e., BioBERT and ClinicalBERT, have significantly influenced biomedical text mining tasks. But extracting information from the EMS domain is a separate challenge due to the uniqueness of the EMS domain, and the significant scarcity of a high-quality EMS corpus. In this research, we propose EMS-BERT - a BERT model specifically developed for EMS text-mining tasks. For data augmentation on our small, classified EMS corpus which consists of nearly 2.4M words, we use a simultaneous pre-training method for transfer-learning relevant information from medical, bio-medical, and clinical domains; and train a high-performance BERT model. Our thorough evaluation shows at least 2% to as much as 11% improvement of F-1 scores for EMS-BERT on different classification tasks, i.e., entity recognition, relation extraction, and inferring missing information when compared both with existing state-of-the-art clinical entity recognition tools, and with various medical BERT models.


The invention discloses a washing machine capable of detecting the cylinder collision by using a water level sensor and a detection method. The water level sensor comprises a vibration generation circuit as well as a contact switch, wherein the vibration generation circuit comprises an LC oscillation circuit and a control end detection circuit which are connected in series; the contact switch is connected parallel to the LC oscillation circuit. According to the overall washing machine, a cylinder collision switch is not needed, a circuit for controlling the control end detection switch to be powered on or powered off is also not needed, and the cylinder collision information is judged according to the output frequency of the water level sensor. If the frequency is in normal output (not equal to 0Hz), a washing machine cylinder is not collided, and if the frequency output is 0Hz, the washing machine cylinder is collided. The cylinder collision switch and the water level sensor are integrated and share a detection circuit and a connection lead, so that the modulation degree of the overall washing machine is improved, the production cost of the washing machine is reduced, and the reject ratio is reduced.


Driven by the need to enhance heavy oil production, we have investigated the emulsification properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)s (PVAs) to generate oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions and achieve a significant viscosity reduction. O/W emulsions were successfully prepared using Canadian heavy oil with an American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity of 12° and a water cut of 25%. The effects of PVA molecular weight and degree of hydrolysis as well as emulsifier concentration and mixing method on emulsion stability and water quality were studied. For this purpose, phase separation kinetics was monitored by means of the Turbiscan Lab Expert particle dispersion analyzer, and the results were then correlated with interfacial tension, wettability, and droplet size measurements. For PVAs having comparable molecular weight, less hydrolyzed samples proved to induce more stable emulsions; this is in agreement with reduced particle size resulting from the increased reduction in interfacial tension. On the other hand, for a simi...


Pepaya's seed (caricapepaya) have antihelmintic power. This research is aimed to know the effect of giving pepaya's seeds on histopatology of chicken's liver which were infected by A. galli. Thirty chickens were divided into six groups of treatment. The first group (P0) was a control group, which were chickens that uninfected by A. galli worm. The Second group (P1) was group of chickens that were infected by A. galli and treated with papaya's seed. The third group (P2) was group of chickens that were infected by A. galli and treated with 7,2 % papaya's seed in once. The Fourth (P3) was group of chickens that were infected by A. galli and treated with 7,2 % papaya seed in twice. The fifth group (P4) was group of chickens that were infected by A. galli and treated with 7,2 % papaya's seed three times. The sixth group (P5) was group of chickens that were infected by A. galli and treated with piperazin citrate 0,5 % in twice.


The L-C lumped-elements loaded transmission line (TL) two dimensional (2-D) network is presented as metamaterial possessing both "left handed" and "right handed" natures. The dispersion equation and diagram of the L-C loaded TL 2-D network is obtained analytically based on the Bloch-Floquet theory and Kirchhoff's theory, and the band structure is intuitively explained. Finally, a series of L loaded TL 2-D network was designed, and the experimentally obtained dispersion data and S/sub 21/ magnitude exhibits agreement with the periodical analysis.


The Electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave is one of the key phenomena to understand the loss dynamics of MeV-energy electrons in the Earth's radiation belt. The precipitation into the ionosphere of MeV-energy electrons was observed in the isolated proton aurora which is an ionospheric footprint for the region of EMIC wave-particle interaction in the magnetosphere [1]. However, it is still unclear how significant the EMIC wave is in terms of the global scale of the whole radiation belt, and it is important to understand where and when the preferable condition is set in the radiation belt of the inner magnetosphere for strong EMIC waves.


Significance: The preparation of medium-sized rings is notoriously challenging due to unfavorable entropic and enthalpic factors. Thus, ring expansion of easily accessible small rings offers an attractive alternative for synthesizing these important moieties. The authors report an enantioselective Michael addition and four-atom ring-expansion cascade employing bifunctional organocatalysts. Comment: Though the reported approach constitutes an efficient method for the synthesis of benzazocinones, high enantioselectivities could only be obtained with substrates carrying an electron-withdrawing substituent R1. Furthermore, nonactivated cyclobutanones bearing an N-tert-butyl group instead of an N-aryl substituent failed to undergo the desired transformation. O N H O R1 NO2


Submarines are used for means of transportation in the sea thus requiring designs to minimize the drag force. The purpose of this study is to optimize the location of the sail and the addition of a notch on the tail of submarine. The research was done by simulation approach. The simulation is done in two stages, the first is to change the position of submarine sail, with model variation R2, R2.9 (3D), R3 and R4. From the first stage obtained the best variation model, that is the variation model R3 with Cd = 0.09222. Phase Two, the addition of a notch on the tail. The geometry model used is the best variation model at the first stage, ie the variation model of R3. At this stage there are four variations, namely T1 (without notch), T2 (3 notches), T3 (4 notches), and T4 (5 notches). Notch profile there are three, namely profile HT05, GOE444 and arbitrary. The simulation result was obtained the best geometry model on T1 variation model with notch profile HT05 with Cd = 0.08115.


This study aims to describe the profile of learning and innovation skills (4C's) of prospective teachers in Calculus I course, including creativity, Critical thinking, communication, and collaboration skills. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with the subjects of 51 students in the first semester academic year 2019/2020 majoring Mathematics Education from two universities in Malang and took calculus I course. The data is collected by using observation and test techniques. The instrument used was adapted from the rubric of the Buck Institute of Education and rubrics from assessing the 21st Century Skills. Through observation, it is concluded that prospective teachers communication skills with indicators provide an explanation of ideas, express ideas effectively, respond to audience questions properly and appropriately, and make presentations, reached 60.78% belongs to good category. Students' collaboration skills are indicated by some indicators such as working productively with other friends, participating and contributing actively, taking responsibility together to complete work, and giving respect the ideas of other friends, reached 84.8%, and it belongs to excellent category. In addition, from the test, it is concluded that the creativity of students with indicators of flexibility, fluency of thinking, originality, and elaboration reached 65.93%, and it belongs to creative enough, and students' Critical thinking skills with indicators identifying, connecting, analyzing, and solving problems reached 66.18 % belongs to critical enough. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the learning and innovation skills (4C's) of prospective teachers in calculus I courses are very diverse, what needs to be improved are creativity and critical thinking


Out of the many issues faced by the global hospitality industry, the access to capital has been recognized as a dominant factor. While financing opportunities have become more elusive in part due to an increasing competition for capital, hotel executives also appear to be inadequately equipped when asked to account for the value of their businesses. In too many cases, executives fail to back their claims as to the value of most of their strategic investments such as those in branding or in human resources programs. As a consequence of such inability to assess investments other than those in physical assets, and given the pressure of financial markets to grow earnings, the sole strategy embraced by the industry has been growth in terms of units. Though there currently exist many development opportunities in new markets, there is little doubt that such strategy cannot be sustained indefinitely. The question is then how will the hospitality company attract new capital if its only source of earning growth perishes? In other words, how can the hospitality firm better support its strategic decisions and prove the value it is creating with investments other than those in new properties? The purposes of this article are to review some advances in the corporate finance and strategy literature and to discuss the convergence of both fields around the concept of risk.


These proceedings contain the papers of the 16th Workshop Computational Intelligence. It was organized by the Working Group 5.14 of the VDI/VDE-Gesellschaft fur Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik (GMA) and the Working Group Fuzzy-Systems and Soft-Computing of the Gesellschaft fur Informatik (GI).


Department of Anestesiology and Reanimation, Dicle University Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey Department of Infection Diseases, Dicle University Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey Department of Anestesiology and Reanimation, Women Health and Gynecological Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey Anestesiology and Reanimation, Lice States Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey Department of Microbiology, Dicle University Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey Department of Biostatistic, Dicle University Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey Department of Anestesiology and Reanimation, Bozok University Hospital, Yozgat, Turkey


Abstract   Education in the 2021 century requires students to be able to think critically and teachers or prospective educators must be able to master technology in presenting learning content and materials. Thus, the MBKM educational internship project conducted by Indonesian Language and Literature Education students offers Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) and Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) learning ambassadors to answer today's educational challenges. Teacher competence is an agent of learning in education. The application of the learning ambassador must be followed by the quality of personality competence, social competence, professional competence and good pedagogic competence of prospective educators. This type of research is descriptive with a quantitative approach. The research subjects were the MBKM program interns. The results of the analysis show that the competence of teachers in educational internship students is in good category with an average rating range of 7.16-8.09. The implementation of the internship is accompanied by evaluations from the civil expert validator, servant teachers and accompanying lecturers. Thus, internship students can improve and develop the quality of their competencies based on constructive criticism and suggestions.Keywords: TPACK, HOTS, Internship, and Competence


The Hamiltonian cycle problem for general grid graphs is NP-complete. However, it is conjectured that an e cient algorithm to solve the Hamiltonian cycle problem exists for a subclass of general grid graphs known as grid graphs without holes. This thesis contains a number of results concerning the structure of this subclass of graphs which are then used to give a correct polynomial time algorithm for nding Hamiltonian cycles in grid graphs without holes.


Security has been the primary concern for the 5G power trading private network, which involves a large amount of power trading information. The communication must be encrypted to prevent the leakage of important information. The communication encryption scheme for 5G power trading private network should meet the characteristics of small communication overhead, low storage space requirement and strong resistance to attack. Based on these characteristics, the dynamic key-based encryption scheme is designed. To ensure the security and reduce the computation overhead, the optimized symmetric encryption algorithm is used to update the shared key. And the dynamic key generation method is improved by adding random numbers to solve the problem that the correct transmission of the data link does not have true randomness. The encryption mode used can generate dynamic keys directly and synchronously at both ends of the communication, reducing the overhead of key exchange and eliminating the need for trusted third parties. The algorithm is also analyzed for security and efficiency and compared with other algorithms. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm enhances security with guaranteed efficiency.


As wireless Internet speads widely, circulation of various types of digital contents become active. Therefore, it is necesary to make a mobile-based DRM (Digatal Rights Management) system to protect digital contents from illegal reproduction and to give proper rights to contents users, In this paper, we present a mibile security system, which protects the copyright for digital contents offered throughout the mobile environment. Our security system is focused on presenting mobile-based DRM architecture. Especially, considering mobile device`s decrying power, we adopted partial encryption scheme. For this, wecompared and evaluated the performant of each contents encryption scheme (the entire encryption scheme and the partial encription scheme) and proved that a proper DRM system for current wireless devices is the partial encryption system. Our mobile DRM system can be very efficient to protect contents on the wireless Internet environment.


Many people contributed to the publication of this volume. First, I thank those who submitted papers for consideration. Scholars benefit from having their work published, but they are scholars with or without their publications. Journals, however, cannot exist without articles to publish. So I am very grateful to all who submitted papers to Sociological Methodology, whether or not those papers were accepted for publication. Second, I thank the managing editors of Sociological Methodology for their essential contributions. I remain greatly indebted to Mariana Gatzeva and Ray Weathers, who have served as managing editors of Sociological Methodology during the production of this volume. Their expertise, efficiency, great care, marvelous good humor, and their distinctive and enjoyable personalities have made it a rare pleasure to work with each of them. Third, I thank the reviewers who spent so much time examining and commenting on the papers that were submitted for publication in this volume. Methodological papers are time-consuming and difficult to review, and we rely upon reviewers to vet the accuracy of mathematical derivations as well as the more general features of submitted papers. Without these careful, painstaking and insightful reviews, Sociological Methodology would vanish in an instant. I also thank the deputy editors of Sociological Methodology for their numerous important contributions. And I express my gratitude to Jennifer Scarano, Margaret Walsh, Margaret Zusky and other staff at Blackwell Publishing who produced Sociological Methodology.


Traffic calming is fundamentally concerned with reducing the adverse impact of motor vehicles on built up areas. The Netherlands, Denmark and Germany have led the way in Europe with early schemes implemented in the 1970's, and further techniques developed since then. The most effective traffic calming measures for reducing vehicle speeds involve vertical shifts in the carriageway. Other measures may be used in supporting roles such as road narrowing, chicanes, islands etc. These measures are very dependent upon spacing for their effectiveness. 85 percentile speeds of less than 30kph may be achieved. Studies have shown that traffic calming can reduce accident levels by up to 40%, and have a significant impact on reducing the severity of accidents. Air pollution can also be reduced. Area wide traffic calming schemes seek to calm both main roads and residential roads, however main road traffic calming is still a relatively new concept, and generally does not involve the use of vertical shifts. (A)


................................................................................................ i ABSTRAK ................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................... iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................ v LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................... vii LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................ viii CHAPTER


In the 70´s, Medellin was victimized by a high incidence of violence. A large number of the people were attacked with weapons which created puncture wounds. Many of the injured were transported to the Municipal Polyclinic, were this author worked as an Emergency Surgeon. This permitted the collection of the data on the management of 328 patients. Based on this experience and these statistics, the author can offer recommendations on assessment, diagnosis, and management of puncture wound patients presenting with a wide variety of symptoms including cardio-respiratory failure, fixed and dilated pupils, hemorrhagic shock with pericardial effusion, stable and asymptomatic patients.


Insulin resistance (IR) with resultant hyperinsulinism is basically the origin of the development process from obesity to insulin independent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). This process contributes to a reduced physical activity that is manifested in a reduced physical ability. Under the influence of a regular individually measured physical activity of aerobic character, it is possible to increase biological efficiency of insulin and affect the process of early and evaluative atherosclerosis. Finding a more effective program of physical activity for preventing these processes is the goal of their preventive and therapeutic application.


Multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) polymer composites has wide spread applications in various fields. As far as the boost up in electrical properties of the semi conducting polymer is concerned, MWCNTs are the best choice as filler. Polystyrene (PS) decorated MWCNTs (PSMWCNTs) and simple MWCNTs were used as filler for synthesis of polyanilne (PANI) based polymer composites i.e. PS-MWCNTs/PANI and MWCNTs/PANI, respectively. Decoration of the PS at the surface of MWCNTs have been characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy. To study the electrical character of the PS-MWCNTs/PANI and MWCNTs/PANI composites, electrical properties were measured through LCR meter. Regarding the study of electrical behavior, conductivity was studied as function of filler. Comparison of conductivity values of MWCNTs/PANI and PS-MWCNTs/PANI as a function of filler concentration encouraged the modification of MWCNTs by PS in order to use MWCNTs as filler for the synthesis of polymer composites. Keywords— Composites, Conductivity, MWCNTs, PANI,


Eu3+-doped CaCO3 red phosphors with a final mole ratio of Ca2+ to Eu3+ at 100:1 were synthesized via a low temperature hydrothermal route at 150 ℃ for different reaction time.The morphology,structure and luminescent properties of the samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray powder diffraction,photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation (PL-PLE) spectra,respectively.The results indicate that the samples of the calcite have cubic shape and the aragonite with needle-like shape.The mole ratio of aragonite to calcite increases with increasing of the reaction time.When reaction time to reach 24 h,the luminescent intensity of CaCO3:Eu3+ is the highest,and the sample has evenly dispersed the aragonite with needle-like shape.Eu3+ acts as a luminescent center to replace the Ca2+ site in the different crystal lattices and locate in an asymmetric position.The PLE spectra of all samples show that the main intense broad band with the maximum at about 277 nm is contributed by the charge transfer transition of Eu3+-O2-,and the week sharp lines in 300-550 nm range in the spectra are assigned to the intra-configurational 4f-4f transitions of Eu3+.The maximal emission peak locates in the vicinity of 614 nm,corresponding to electric-dipole transition 5D0→7F2 of Eu3+.


Communication is a process that transmit information between people through different tools, making it the key factor to create relationships that will have a goal. Although it is a common process in all communities, this could been done evident on any public or private organization in order to achieve objectives as an entity. While this communication is a discipline from the origin of an organization, it is now when the proper management of organizational communication has become a necessity and a wide field in which are embedded several disciplines. In the following, paper the concepts of communication, organizational communication and the different fields it is exposed.


Summary extract of heterogeneous multimedia documents is an important content and requirement of information management at the Internet era. Though some summary extract approaches have been proposed in recent years, in general they can only be used in a single-type media. More important is that the existed approaches of multimedia summary extract had no satisfactory effects, and can't be brought into practice. Aiming at these problems, an approach based on folksonomy with incentive and quality assurance mechanisms is put forward. The proven folksonomy ensures the practicality of the approach, the incentive and quality assurance mechanisms avoid the innate problems of folksonomy: cold boot and inaccurate tagging. The experiment shows that the approach is reasonable and effective.


A compact high-amplitude electromagnetic field pulse generator with tunable parameters, such a pulse wide, rising time, amplitude, is developed between a transmission stripline. The rising time can be tuned down to 8.2 ns, and the half pulse width up to 1730.8 ns, and the peak electromagnetic field up to 270 kV/m. By using a step motorina gas-fill vessel to move the electrodes, the discharge process can be controlled automatically by using a computer. The stability of the electromagnetic field between the impedance-matched transmission stripline then is characterized systematically in this paper.


An ultrasound-based method to detect and characterize the laser-induced microbubbles was developed. This method is based on temporal measurement of passive acoustic emission from cavity during laser-tissue interaction and simultaneous active pulse-echo ultrasound probing of the cavitation bubble. These measurements were used to estimate the location of the nanosecond laser induced cavity and to monitor the spatial and temporal behavior of the microbubble. The measurements agreed with estimates derived from a well-known Rayleigh model of the cavity collapse. Overall, the studies indicate that the developed ultrasound technique can be used to detect and accurately measure laser-induced microbubbles in tissue.


Unbalanced sample is widespread in practical application,the field has been a challenge to learn areas,and how to deal with unbalanced sample has become a hot spot.To deal with unbalanced sample issues will be used to genetic algorithm in support vector machines.The genetic algorithm's crossover and mutation is used to realize genetic new samples and generate new groups,namely the new samples.


Beipanjiang large bridge on the ShuichengBaiguo Railway is the first concrete filled steel tube railway arch bridge in China. The main structure adopts upheld Xform concrete filled steel tube arch with a span of 236 m. Before filling concrete in the arch rid, the main arch rid and cross linking system are pure steel structure. After filling concrete, the main arch rid is concrete filled steel tube structure. The solid bellyboard and the top and bottom cover boards are designed according to sectionsteel concrete. The pier seat on the arch is a strengthened steelbox pier seat which is linked with the arch rid. The bellypole design is of Hshape structure and jointboard connection. The coating is designed to be of lasting antisepsis standard. The outside surface of steel structure on arch adopts hot coating of complex material which includes spouting aluminumalloy+sealing+coating. 


The flat-spectrum radio quasar B2 1633+382 (4C 38.41) has been monitored for several years and has presented correlated variability in multiple wavelengths. In this article, we are performing different analyses for multiple frequencies, from gamma rays to radio, as well as the C iv λ1549 Å emission line and the λ1350 Å continuum. Using the nonthermal dominance parameter, we separated the C iv and the continuum light curves for when the dominant source of continuum is the accretion disk or the jet. We found a correlation at a delay consistent with zero between the line and the continuum dominated by disk emission indicating a very small broad-line region (BLR). From the resulting delay between the 15 GHz and gamma rays, we estimated the distance of the gamma-ray emission region from the jet apex to be ∼37 pc. The C iv flux decreases when the continuum and gamma rays increase at some of the high-activity periods. The C iv profile presents a larger variable component in its blue wing. The relation between the luminosities of C iv and the continuum does not completely follow the relation for a quasar sample. Our results lead us to propose an outflow of BLR material in the jet flow direction, a gamma-ray production through magnetic reconnection for the flaring event of mid-2011, and that there is not enough BLR material close to the radio core to be easily ionized by the nonthermal continuum.


Misunderstanding is an integral and unavoidable element of communication. This article links misunderstanding theoretically to message interpretation and conflict, then presents the results of a study that examined relationships among misunderstanding, channel of communication, and three forms of perspective-taking. Participants (n = 98) responded to scaled items and described experiences of misunderstanding. Results showed that face-to-face misunderstandings are more serious than those that occur in computer-mediated communication. Dispositional perspective-taking, situational perspective-taking, and partner's situational perspective-taking were correlated with features such as frequency of misunderstanding, use of integrative strategies, open communication, humor, personal offense, and communication satisfaction. In about two thirds of the reported misunderstandings, the problem occurred because of the tone of the message, an interlocutor took personal offense, and open communication was used to resolve it. The findings are consistent with predictions concerning perspective-taking and extend understanding of misunderstanding. Recommendations include examining misunderstanding, especially in CMC, in greater depth.


Plastic pollution is a matter of deep concern that requires an urgent and international response, involving stakeholders at all levels. The rapid increase of single-use plastic and medical waste, especially in the context of COVID-19, has caused a drastic progression in the plastic pollution crisis on a global scale. To identify an efficient plastic waste management (PWM) system to tackle this major environmental problem, this study adopted importance-performance analysis and used logistic regression to identify key factors affecting citizens' behavior to participate in PWM strategies in Vietnam. The results indicate that while the importance of all PWM solutions was considered to be high, their performance was rated at a low level, implying a sizable gap between perceived importance and performance of eleven solutions for PWM. The findings also show that solutions such as "offering zero-waste lifestyle seminars to citizens", "having community engagement", "using eco-friendly products", and "imposing a ban on single-use plastics" are useful for the development of an effective environmental policy. Furthermore, it was found that the following characteristics have a significant influence on citizens' participation in PWM solutions: (1) gender, (2) education level, (3) residential area, (4) employment status, and (5) citizens' awareness and behavior towards plastic reduction. This study is expected to provide theoretical and empirical evidence for policymakers and authorities who are in charge of promulgating the necessary mechanisms and policies to promote the socialization of PWM.


The present investigation was carried out in April and July of 2017 in Chiclayo, Lambayeque, with the objective of knowing the population fluctuation of Spodoptera frugiperda in the cultivation of hard yellow corn in 3 geographical areas of the department of Lambayeque. It was carried out in a completely randomized design, with three treatments and ten repetitions per treatment, distributed in the localities of Batangrande, Chongoyape and Pátapo, one hectare per locality, 100 plants / ha. It was found that up to 81% of maize plants infested with S. frugiperda were found in the town of Batangrande. In addition, the highest population density of S. frugiperda larvae is found in Chongoyape with 5.73 individuals per plant.


Experimental data in the literature on the physical, thermodynamic, and transport properties of aqueous LiOH are summarized. The behavior of some properties is predicted beyond the range of the data. 12 fig, 14 tables, 20 references.


The aim of this study is fo define the reasons in order administrate the organizational conflicts. Organizational conflict is formed in organizational behaviors plane. Because of this, the reasons of conflict classified as individual (employee), organizational (organizational structure, management process and actions) and social (cultural environment and informal groups) based a organizational behavior patterns.


A portable and can enjoy the motion without be limited to easy for location use, on to allow hips up movement of various forms, it is possible to minimize production costs, and, It can be performed hip-up exercise in an optimum state depending on the physical conditions and processes of the movement the user's preference, to provide a portable hip-up exercise equipment. A first wear band is wearable formed in the left thigh; second wear band is wearable formed in the right thigh; and connecting said first wear band and the second wear band is elastically deformed that the connection band; wherein, said first wear band and the second wear bands, a worn portion to be worn on the thigh, it consists of a knee portion formed so as to cover the knee is formed on the lower side of the wearer portion and wherein, portable hip-up exercise equipment. .FIELD 1


Effects of effective microorganisms(simplified as EM) on control of algae bloom in eutrophic water were studied in a small lake in South China Botanic Garden of Chinese Science Academy where algae bloom frequently occurred The results showed that content of Chl a both on the water surface and 0 5 m below the water surface,total N and P, and COD Mn decreased after the spraying of EM, while the content of DO and water transparency increased accordingly The very remarkable decrement of Chl a on water surface indicated that the algae bloom had been completely controlled, and it contributed directly to the increase of the water transparency The decrements of the content of total N and P, and organic matter seemed to be the main factors which caused the decreasing of algae However, it is difficult to explain why the BOD 5 increased The period that EM keeps active in controlling algae is estimated to be about one and half a month


Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane channels that mediate a variety of biological processes via water and other small molecule movement. Several aquaglyceroporins have been shown to regulate key immune functions. However, the role of AQP4 in immune cells is poorly characterized. We recently reported that AQP4 is expressed by both naïve and memory CD4 and CD8 T cells. Furthermore, AQP4 blockade with a small molecule inhibitor, AER-270, reduced T cell activation and proliferation leading to a significant prolongation of fully MHC-mismatched murine heart allograft survival. The goal of this study was to determine the mechanisms by which AQP4 facilitates T cell activation and TCR signaling. Wild-type (WT) but not AQP4−/− T cells treated with AER-270 were protected from lysis in a hypoosmotic shock assay demonstrating AQP4 requirement for water transport in T cells. Following αCD3/αCD28 stimulation, AQP4−/− T cells demonstrated inferior activation compared to WT T cells. Similar decreased activation was observed after treatment of WT T cells with AER-270. Consistent with reduced T cell activation, AQP4 inhibition diminished Ca2+flux in WT but not AQP4−/− T cells in response to TCR crosslinking. AQP4 inhibition also resulted in altered pattern of protein tyrosine phosphorylation at 2 min following TCR crosslinking. These results indicate that despite T cell expression of several water channels, AQP4 function is critical for optimal T cell activation and functions. Our study identifies a novel role of water channels in T cell biology and suggests AQP4 inhibition as a promising strategy to modulate T cell alloresponses following transplantation.


This paper applies the time series data mining method to the comparison of China's and Japan's security markets for the first time and raises a new definition to decide the optimal number of classification. We find that,there exists some similarity between Chinese market and Japanese market.However,the volatility in Chinese market is greater than in Japanese market.Thus,it will be not appropriate to take the history data of Japanese market as the event database for Chinese security market.Meanwhile,in China, Shenzhen market has a bigger volatility than Shanghai market,with higher frequency noise.


Received: 24 July 2018 Accepted: 26 February 2019 In recent years, there is an increased requirement including transfers rapidity of information, due to the widespread use of multimedia applications on wireless communication system. The MIMO technology offers a promising solution for increasing spectral efficiency and transmitting data across a multi-antenna transmission and reception network. The goal of this study is to improve the data processing time, which poses a big problem of digital communication. In this article, a solution is proposed to improve this problem. The adopted approach shows that the use of the CORDIC algorithm to calculate the cosine and sine of the DFT / IDFT is very efficient and that the use of the fixed point gives a remarkable speed while maintaining a better accuracy. In addition, the use of a powerful fixed-point processor dedicated to signal processing could also have given better results than other results obtained in the literature. The results obtained conclude that the use of the CORDIC algorithm on a fixed point is faster compared to receiver without the CORDIC algorithm.


Three experiments examined the relationship between approaches to a creative generation task and the novelty of the resulting products. Participants were given the task of imagining life on other planets and they received instructions intended to encourage them to formulate the task in either very specific ways (e.g., thinking of specific Earth animals) or more abstract ways (e.g., thinking of environmental conditions and general survival needs). The latter instructions led to more novel creations. The results are discussed in terms of the malleability of people's approaches to creative generation, the role of problem formulation and the link between abstraction and novelty.


In the field of educational data mining, the classification of students' grades is a subject that receives widespread attention. However, solving this problem based on machine learning algorithms and deep learning algorithms is usually limited by large datasets. The privacy problem of educational data platforms also limits the possibility of building an extensive dataset of students' information and behavior by gathering small datasets and then carrying out the federated training model. Therefore, the balance of educational data and the inconsistency of feature distribution are the critical problems that need to be solved urgently in educational data mining. Federated learning technology enables multiple participants to continue machine learning and deep learning in protecting data privacy and meeting legal compliance requirements to solve the data island problem. However, these methods are only applicable to the data environment with common characteristics or common samples under the alliance. This results in domain transfer between nodes. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a framework based on federated transfer learning for student classification with privacy protection. This framework introduces the domain adaptation method and extends the domain adaptation to the constraint of federated learning. Through the feature extractor, this method matches the feature distribution of each party in the feature space. Then, labels and domains are classified on each side, the model is trained, and the target model is updated by gradient aggregation. The federated learning framework based on this method can effectively solve the federated transfer learning on heterogeneous datasets. We evaluated the performance of the proposed framework for student classification on the datasets of two courses. We simulated four scenarios according to different situations in reality. Then, the results of only source domain training, only target domain training, and federated migration training are compared. The experimental results show that the heterogeneous federated transfer framework based on domain adaptation can solve federated learning and knowledge transfer problems when there are little data at the data source and can be used for students' grades classification in small datasets.


Object-oriented languages come with pre-defined composition mechanisms, such as inheritance, object composition, or delegation, each characterized by a certain set of composition properties, which do not themselves individually exist as abstractions at the language level. However, often non-standard composition semantics is needed, with a mixture of composition properties, which is not provided as such by any of the standard composition mechanisms. Such non-standard semantics are simulated by complicated architectures that are sensitive to requirement changes and cannot easily be adapted without invalidating existing clients.


Recently, the modern technology simplifies the learning programs and support communication among students, teachers, parents, and the managements of schools in educational institutions. With this development, the existing electronic learning requirements do not meet all students' or the educational institution's needs, due to the varying students' needs, goals, backgrounds, knowledge levels, and learning capabilities. Furthermore, prior literature also reveals some disadvantages of current online environment systems, including lack of interaction among users and difficulty of supporting co-operative work. On the other hand, the unstable environment and the insecure situation that Iraq currently faces prompts parents to avoid sending their children to school. In addition to that, in some parts of Dhi-Qar, there are three schools running in one building, operating at different times and there is a dearth of learning materials. With regard to requirement model, there is a lack of requirement model to develop the e-learning system specifically for the secondary school. In accordance to that, this study seeks to propose a functional requirement model of e-learning system to link the stakeholders or actors of the educational process in online environment. Data were collected through interviews and questionnaires. The user requirements were obtained from literature review and interview with users. They were translated into a prototype, which was designed using an open source platform, Moodle. Finally, acceptance and usability evaluation were conducted, using questionnaires. The results reveal that the participants are satisfied with the proposed requirements, and these requirements meet all the stakeholders' needs. Therefore, the model proposed in this study can be used for particular education institutions and other conflict areas to complement the existing traditional classrooms.


This book addresses problems of energy security, surveying research from institutes in the U.S., Japan, and Europe. Focusing on unstable oil prices, increased dependence on an unstable Middle East, and the problems of developing nuclear energy after Chernobyl, the authors consider options open to governmental and industrial decisionmakers. They also consider possible future stresses on the oil supply system and the feasibility of alternative energy sources such as solar, wind, and geothermal energy.


In low-stress precision cropping, a method by which the tiny crack in metal bar V-shaped notch tip can be induced by resonance has been proposed. The critical loading acted on the bar is obtained. The amplitude of bar is calculated under the action of critical loading. The experiments for resonance inducing V-shaped notch tip crack is also carried out. The results show that the V-shaped notch tip can engender tiny crack under the action of resonance force.


Ideological and political education is a major way to handling the conflicts between man and his object and a key method of building a harmonious socialist society.At present,there are several misunderstandings in the work: 1.one-sided understanding,i.e.it is merely taken as the explanation and preaching of mainstream ideology;2.egoistic comprehension,which means the education only conducts a normalization of certain group to another,decreasing its features and spirits in humanities;3.pragmatical understanding,which holds a utilitarian and practical point of view to judge the education,neglecting its status and potential meaning and value;4.dogmatic misunderstanding,i.e.regarding the education only as a way to standardizing and transforming man's thoughts and concepts,ignoring its goal in essence,liberating thoughts and enlightening wisdom.Therefore,we should widen our perspective to seek effective approaches in ideological and political work.


SOME REFLECTIONS ON THE ISSUE OF CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GENERAL PARTNERSHIPA general partnership cannot be a partnership in which even only one of the partners would not be obliged to contribute. A general partnership may, however, arise as a legal entity, although no contributions have been made to it yet — making contributions to the company is an obligation of partners, which may be performed not only after the formation of the company, but also at a later date. The articles of association may provide that individual partners will be required to make their contribution after the conclusion of the articles, but before the company is registered.


Glycated haemoglobin and fructosamin levels are not commonly used to diagnosis Diabetes mellitus in dogs due to a lack of reference values. To estabilish the reference values and determination methods of glycated haemoglobin and frutosamine, both male and females, healthy dogs, 2-8 years old (n=100) were used. The methodologies used were the ionic resin and the kinetic method by the reduction of blue nitrotetrazolium, respectively. Medium values of glycated haemoglobin of 5.3-7.01% and 277.52-387. 30 for fructosamin established by Brazilian Diabetes Society methods can be adopted for dogs, both males and females.


We find that the definition of the heavy-quark fragmentation function given by Jaffe and Randall differs by a factor of the longitudinal-momentum fraction z from the standard Collins-Soper definition. Once this factor is taken into account, the explicit calculation of Braaten is found to be in agreement with the general analysis of Jaffe and Randall. We also examine the model of Peterson for heavy-quark fragmentation and find that the quoted values of the width and of the value of z at the maximum are in error. The corrected values are in agreement with the analysis of Jaffe and Randall.


A ncestor worship is a cultural and spiritual phenomenon that plays an important role in the cultural life of the Tay ethnic group in the northeastern region of Vietnam today. Here are hidden many cultural values of the family and clan; representing the beliefs of that community. The article aims to clarify the research problems that have been achieved from the perspective of ethnology, culture…; issues that need further study from a philosophical perspective. From there, it contributes to perfect the theoretical and practical basis for building viewpoints, guidlines and policies of the Party and the State's laws on the issues of belief, religion and ethnicity; at the sam time proposing to preserve, preserve and promote the present cultural identity of the Tay ethnic group.


We address the problem of formally describing well-defined contours in clean images. As a case study, we consider this problem for characters from various fonts, which may only be available as ink-on-paper or photographic plates. Representing the contours of these characters as splines will enable us to incorporate these fonts in a Digital Printing System (DPS).
The process of capturing the images and making them usable in a Digital Printing System includes several steps. We begin with applying an Edge Detection algorithm that uses the assumptions about smoothness and cleanliness of the image to produce points at sub-pixel resolution. We then describe each contour by piecewise conics, by applying a segmentation procedure that optimizes with respect to the quality of the fit, tangent continuity at the segmentation points, and the number of segments. Finally, the result can be transformed to any desired DPS, such as the PostScript graphic engine.
This approach yields a system that compares favorably with the available tools for font reproduction, in terms of robustness, accuracy, speed and quality. It has been applied successfully to professional typographic sheets, and hand-drawn characters, in Latin and Asian alphabets.


A novel direction finding method of uniform circular array is proposed to estimate coherent and non coherent signals in the presence of pulse noise,which is named as MODE-FLOM-ML.The mode excitation method is used to transform the uniform circular array in element space into a virtual ULA in mode space.Then a fractional lower order moment can be constructed to estimate DOA of signals successfully.For fitting the cost function of MODE-FLOM-ML,a cultural particle swarm algorithm is designed to fast search multi-division optimal values for considering the advantages of cultural algorithm and particle swarm optimization.Monte-Carlo simulations proved that the proposed algorithm can find directions of sources,and is superior to the ROC-MUSIC and FLOM-MUSIC using MODE spacing in performance.


Beginning with mining some 400 years ago, the author traces mining's accelerating swing from labor intensive to capital intensive and shows the reasons for it.Illustrating the basic energy requirements, the author indicates why mechanization has now swept world mining.Critical of the exotic methods currently being extolled, the author contends that the primary gains in mining for the rest of this century will be made through improvements to and greater application of current mechanization, rather than exotics or automation.Calling for intensifying the application of scientific methodology to improve current machine‐rock interface materials and to develop new and better materials, the author expresses a real need for increasing the application of current sciences to mining needs.He concludes, however, that except for in situ mining it is unlikely that mining will ever become a science. Because of the irregular variations in the earth's crust from whence ore comes, man's intelligence will always be required...


In solid polymer electrolyte having high-durability, comprising a polymer electrolyte material having a hydrocarbon part, a chelate group and an electrolyte group are introduced into the polymer electrolyte material. The chelate group contains a phosphonic acid group, nitrogen, both of nitrogen and a phosphonic acid group (one or more selected from the group consisting of alkylamino monophosphonic acid groups, alkylamino diphosphonic acid groups, dialkylamino monophosphonic acid groups, alkylalkylene diamine triphosphonic acid groups, and alkylimino phosphonic acid groups) or, both of nitrogen and a carboxylic acid group (one or more selected from the group consisting of alkylamino monocarboxylic acid groups, alkylamino dicarboxylic acid groups, dialkylamino monocarboxylic acid groups, alkylalkylene diamine tricarboxylic acid groups, and alkylimino carboxylic acid groups).


The article deals with the problems of improving the adaptive capabilities of schoolchildren during the physical education lessons based on the state control of the regulatory mechanisms, depending on the total amount, and nature of the loads carried out by the modern children. It is shown, that the functional state of the organism is determined by the number of simultaneous factors, among which a high importance is given to the content and intensity of schoolchildren learning activities, recreational activities as well as the environmental factors. A special place in determining the influence of these factors belongs to the motor activity, certain parameters of which worsen the course of the adaptation processes. Motor activity planning during the physical education lessons provides the management of the schoolchildren adaptation abilities, increases the resistance to adverse environmental factors during the certain periods of the school year.


In this paper we intend to examine whether there are examples for emergence to be found in physics. The answer depends on the concept of emergence one invokes. We distinguish two such concepts, those of Broad and Kim. We will argue that it is unlikely that there will be examples with respect to the former because it runs counter to an explanatory strategy that is both well entrenched in physical practice and to a certain degree flexible. On the other hand we will argue that all those physical systems that provide an example for supervenience are at the same time examples for emergence - at least if one defines emergence the way Kim does.


A fluff pulp or other pulp, comprises a multivalent cationic metal ion selected from the group consisting of Al+3, B+3, Mn+2, Cu+2, Cu+3, Zn+2, Sn+2, Sn+4, water-soluble salt thereof, or combination thereof; an amine-containing anti-static agent; and pulp. Methods of making and using the pulp, as well as articles therefrom, are provided.


Objective: To determine factors associated with dizziness/vertigo in the elderly population. (Factors include demographic,depression, living environment and activity level)Material and Methods: Descriptive Cross sectional & Analytical study design was used. Healthy elderly populationwas included for data collection of Rawalpindi and Islamabad (Pakistan). 200 elderly were recruited in study. A pilotstudy (n=20) was conducted to validate the DHI. Different assessment tools were used to assess association i.e. TimeUp and Go Test and Geriatric Depression Scale. The data was analyzed and chi square and correlation test was usedto assess association and correlation respectively.Results: The results indicate that females (32.61 ± 23.70) are more prone to dizziness as compared to males (17.85± 21.979). There is no association (0.819) between living environment and dizziness but strong association is presentbetween activity and dizziness, and disease status of elderly population. Approximately 30% participants suffer fromdizziness. Depression has no significant effect on the individuals with dizziness.Conclusion: Elderly females are more prone to develop dizziness in comparison to males. Activity level in elderly populationcan influence dizziness. Improved activity level can reduce risk of developing dizziness in elderly population. Noassociation was found between dizziness and depression though increasing age has a greater impact of developingsymptoms of dizziness.


Since the quadrupling of oil prices in 1973–74, OPEC and oil prices have made front-page news and captured the public imagination. It is no secret that oil prices are administered prices, where an economic agent is a price maker; other participants in the market have to adjust their behavior to this price. It is not a new phenomenon. From its early history, the oil industry in the United States — by far the world's first oil province — was dominated by the Standard Oil Trust. On the international scene, the role of the Seven Sisters hardly needs mention. They continued to control oil export prices until the 1960s.


This letter highlights the importance of appropriate pulsewidth duration of the double-pulse test for the high-voltage insulated gate bipolar transistor modules, in order to obtain the correct switching characterization and avoid underestimation in losses. Otherwise, it might cause improper design in power converters, especially in their thermal management. It demonstrates how the first on-state pulsewidth during the test needs to be set long enough to characterize the switching-off of devices correctly. IGBT modules made by the leading European, Japanese, and Chinese manufacturers with voltage ratings spanning 3.3, 4.5, and 6.5 kV are tested for validation and guidance purposes. Moreover, the mechanism and impact factors of this pulsewidth effect are also investigated.


At present, there are many educated people who are in the spotlight due to their own actions, such as the occurrence of violence, as well as their behavior that is not good, far from social behavior and from a religious point of view as it should be. This research was conducted to determine the bayani, burhani and irfani approaches in the formation of mental and spiritual students of MTS N 2 Tanggamus Lampung. Mental-spiritual is a pattern of coaching in the process of bringing individuals closer to the creator, namely God. Spiritual mental intelligence includes aspects of attitudes, actions, and behavior that reflect individuals in accordance with the religious teachings they believe in. In this study, the researcher used a descriptive qualitative approach, by collecting data through observation, interviews and phenomenology. The results of this research are that the first bayani approach in the formation of students' mental and spiritual is carried out with a religious text, through the subjects of Akidah Akhlak, Fiqh, Arabic, Islamic Cultural History and Al-Quran Hadith. Both burhani approaches, in the formation of students' mental and spiritual spirituality, are carried out by giving examples of positive behavior of a teacher to students by prioritizing 5S, motivating students to like reading books, giving small gifts to students when they can answer questions, and studying general knowledge such as science, social studies, Arts, Physical Education and Lampung Language, which can make students and students fully social beings. Furthermore, the three irfani approaches, in the formation of students' mental spirituality, are applied by means of religious activities, performing congregational duha prayers, muhadhoroh, recitations, and spiritual activities.