BasCl(PO4) 3, hexagonal, P63/m, a = 10.284 (2), c = 7.651 (3) A, Z = 2. The crystals were grown by hydrothermal reaction of BaCI2.2H20 and K2HPO 4 at 473 K. Refinements were carried out by the full-matrix least-squares method to R = 0.034 and R w = 0.039 with 810 independent reflexion data. Comparisons with the structures of other chlorapatites are presented. Introduction. Chlorapatites, MsCI(PO4) 3 (M = Ca, Ba, Sr, Mn, Cd, etc.), belong to the apatite group of compounds. The crystal structures have been investigated for CasCI(PO4) 3 (Mackie, EUiott & Young, 1972), CdsCI(PO4) 3 (Sudarsanan, Young & Donnay, 1973), SrsCI(PO4) 3 (Sudarsanan & Young, 1974) and Mn5Cl0.9OH0.1(PO4) 3 (Engel, Pretzsch, Gramlich & Baur, 1975) by X-ray diffraction. All these apatites have the space group P63/m, except CasCI(PO4) 3 which crystallizes in P2~/b. The locations of the CIions are not the same among these crystals. The anion occupies the special position 2(b) (0,0,0) in Sr5CI(PO4) 3, and 2(a) (0,0,1⁄4) in Cd5CI(PO4) 3 and MnsCl0.9OH0.t(PO4) 3. In CasCI(PO4)3, it lies at 4(e) (0,0,z) with z = 0.06, giving a similar atomic configuration to that of SrsCI(PO4) 3. As part of a study of the apatite group compounds, single crystals of BasCI(PO4) 3 were synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction and the crystal structure was refined. The structure is in principle the same as that of SrsCI(PO4)3. Single crystals of barium chlorapatite were prepared by hydrothermal reaction of BaC12.2H20 and K2HPO 4. 0.05 mol of BaC12.2H20 and 0.03 mol of K2HPO 4 in 50 ml of distilled water were heated at 473 K for 2 weeks. Single cv./stals of barium chlorapatites grew at pH 5-6 with BaHPO 4. The crystals obtained were colourless, transparent hexagonal prisms 0 .1-0 .3 mm in length and 0 .03-0.1 mm in diameter. The infrared spectrum of BasCI(PO4) 3 was recorded in the range 4000 to 400 cm -~, but the OH stretching band was not observed. This indicates that C1 is not replaced by OH in the crystal. 0567-7408/79/102382-03501.00 Weissenberg photographs showed Laue symmetry 6/m and the systematic absences 001 for l odd. The possible space groups are, therefore, P63/m (centrosymmetric) and P63 (noncentrosymmetric). P6a/m was employed in the structure refinement, since all the apatite group compounds known to date belong to this space group. Intensities were measured on an automated fourcircle diffractometer (Philips PW 1100/20), with graphite-monochromated Mo Kt~ radiation, by the 20-o3 scan technique with a scan speed of 4 ° min -~ in 09, using a crystal 0.15 mm in length and 0.06 mm in diameter. 810 independent reflexion data IF o > 3a(Fo)] were obtained within the range 20 _< 80 °. Intensities were corrected for Lorentz and polarization factors. Absorption corrections (p = 14.868 mm -1 for Mo KCt) were made with the program A CACA (Wuensch & Prewitt, 1965). The refinement was started from the parameters of cadmium hydroxyapatite, CdsOH(PO4) 3 (Hata, Okada, Iwai, Akao & Aoki, 1978), and the position of CI was determined in the difference Fourier syntheses. The calculation with the full-matrix least-squares program LINUS (Coppens & Hamilton, 1970) converged to the residual R = ~ [IFol IFcl~/~ IFol = 0-034 and the weighted residual R,. = ~ w(IFol -IFcl)2/~ WlFo 12 = 0.039 with anisotropic temperature factors. The weighting scheme employed was that of Hughes, with w = 1 if F , < Fomax, and w = Fomax/F o if Table 1. Final positional parameters (x 104) and isotropic thermalparameters (x 104) for BasCI(PO4) 3


Rivers, streams, lakes and ponds are our life line. For improving the livelihood of people, every state is voicing for their rights for water resources. Except few states, all states are struggling for the better water supply. On the other side even the good old lake system has disappeared due to mismanagement. After closing thousands of lakes for urban and industrial development are now crying for water when crisis arises, is a common scenario in many states. For better water resources management, central, state and local governments are launching many schemes. But still the situation becomes worse due to poor strategy. The water resources management insists on the integrated approach because the various stake holders are utilizing the water. Irrigation, domestic, individual, fisheries, environment and ecology are the major uses of the water bodies. One way or the other, the water resources is over utilized or polluted in each sector. Water resources management generally insists on the physical improvement but those activities are also planned independently. The meaning of water resources management is to utilize every drop of water for the production. For growing population more food grains are needed and so more food production depends on the water resources management. For population growth employment is necessary for which more industries are needed which requires more water resources. Entertainment also becomes essential for the machine life human being and entertainment also requires more water. At last ecology is a fundamental for future sustainable management and so water resources required for good environment and ecology. So water resources management insists the integrated approach from all stake holders. In addition water quality is also important along with water quantity. Sufficient water quantity is available but could not be used due to poor quality is a new situation arises every corner. Integrated approach is needed for increase of quantity and improvement of quality. Lastly, all management activities taken to improve the water resources is lies with the utility. At present in all the sectors, water scarcity increases. Even though, the people tend to use more water for their production purpose. So the stake holders like farmers, industrialists, public, and administrators shall acquire a new modern knowledge in economic use of water resources. This paper highlights the need of integrated water resources management with respect to stake holders, quality and quantity and also economic utilization.


With more and more extensive use of robots, the research of image processing is even urgent, soccer robot vision system is a very good platform of image processing; its real-time, accuracy and adaptability can meet the needs of modern industrial production, the study of robot soccer vision system can promote faster development of robots. In this paper, including the introduction of image processing and image processing factors influence the discussion, after the RGB image access to the transformation of HSV, we mainly completed the capture of a robot with specific color of the entity, after the robot moves to give you accurate basis for the judgment through the robot to select the image of the identification process design.


Walking from the dilemma of common thought is a possible method for man to develop competence in terms of structure and content,which needs the theoretical support of competent-oriented since it is a common criticism. The thinking mode of competence-based management tells that competence development needs objective choice and rational orientation if we want to realize the overall competence of people.


Hilbert's irreducibility theorem plays an important role in inverse Galois theory. In this article we introduce Hilbertian fields and present a clear detailed proof of Hilbert's irreducibility theorem in the context of these fields.


Photograph of the exterior of Frijole Ranch Cultural Museum in Guadalupe Mountains National Park as seen from the Smith Spring Trail facing southeast.


Introduction: Breast cancer is not only a physical disease but something that affects our patients' mental, spiritual, emotional and social wellbeing. There has been literature that demonstrates the positive benefits of exercise, social support, and nonmedical adjuncts for breast cancer patients. There is currently a lack of wellness support within the Jefferson breast cancer community. Methods: A wellness survey will be distributed throughout the breast surgery and breast oncology clinics to assess the current level of wellness and interest in a breast cancer wellness group at TJUH. This survey will be used both before and after implementation of a wellness group to assess its efficacy within our community. Results: Pending Discussion: We believe a breast cancer wellness group will address a major need of support within our Jefferson breast cancer community. This project will not only allow us to meet this need but to assess the basic social, mental, spiritual, and emotional needs of our patients in order to improve our overall patient care.


Background: Today's market demands ice cream with excellent texture and body properties, which together with the taste, determine to a large extent the acceptability of these. In this industry there is a marked tendency towards the use of integrated stabilizers that will enhance synergism between components, obtaining better quality end products. Objetives: The present work aims at evaluating the effect of a carob, karaya and guar gum mixture, as thickening agent, on some quality characteristics (bromatological, sensory and stability) of hard ice creams. Methods: The research was conducted in two stages; in the first one is evaluated the effect of individually gums (100%), binary mixture (50:50 %) and ternary mixtures (33.3: 33.3: 33.3 %), applied at a level of 0.3% (w/w) in the hard ice-cream mix system. In the second stage, it is evaluated the effect of level of application in hard ice-cream mix, at testing levels of 0.3, 0.35 and 0.4% (w/w) of the mixture 50% carob gum and 50% guar gum, compared against a witness who had a commercial stabilizer applied in 0.3% (w/w), which resulted in four treatments. Results: With the results of the first stage it is performed the determination of thixotropy, which allowed us to establish as best mixtures the one corresponding to the proportion 50% carob and 50% guar gum and the 100% guar gum mixture, according to the response surface methodology. The final ratio of prices allowed choosing guar: carob gum for application, along with the fact that such combination made possible evaluating behaviors and interactions as a mixture. In the second stage, the results show that the ice cream formulated by mixing 50% carob gum and 50% guar gum, shows a lower percentage of melting and less time in the fall of the first drop compared to the control. The treatment 0.4% presents grater gumminess, while the control a higher roughness. The flavor quality is significantly diminished over time, in all treatments. Conclusion: The selected mixture of carob and guar gum, has positive influence on the evaluated characteristics against the commercial stabilizer of ice cream.


Aim at the phenomenon that clutch case of 5100QB diesel engine came across radial crack when running at high speed,through multi-point measurement and swing-value spectrum analysis under each experimental work status,this paper analyzes the source of vibration and the cause of clutch case's crack.


According to the slab test,research on the early surface plastic cracking of Dura fiber concrete and its two influence factors: aggregate gradation fractal characteristics and fiber content.The results show that,with the gradually increasing of aggregate gradation fractal dimension,the early plastic cracking of concrete is more serious;adding Dura fiber can effectively control the concrete cracks.


Today, because of the crisis, the relevance of socialism can and must be addressed not simply as a desirable long-term goal but as a question of practical policy, focused on securing jobs, benefits, and social provision. After giving some examples of this I will look at what remains valid and what needs to be changed in classic socialist values.


With modern mobile and internet technologies, spatial data is becoming ubiquitous. In order to realize the vision of a spatially enabled society, however, decision makers in government, public administration, business and society need to understand and actively take into account location as a driver in their decisions. This necessitates decision-support tools that integrate the required spatial and textual data from a variety of sources. GeocentraleApps is a platform for building such modern spatially enabled applications. These applications and the underlying spatial data infrastructures face challenges such as data discovery, matching between disparate data sources, issues with data and service quality, as well as the need for appropriate visualization and presentation. GeocentraleApps meets these challenges by flexibly combining a number of different mechanisms for data integration. This paper presents lessons learned from an analysis of the platform's data integration approaches with regard to their individual architectures. It points out the advantages and disadvantages of the current solutions and gives an outlook on future developments.


We previously reported a randomized controlled trial in which 227 de novo deceased‐donor kidney transplant recipients were randomized to rabbit antithymocyte (rATG, Thymoglobulin) or daclizumab if they were considered to be at high immunological risk, defined as high panel reactive antibodies (PRA), loss of a first kidney graft through rejection within 2 years of transplantation, or third or fourth transplantation. Patients treated with rATG had lower incidences of biopsy‐proven acute rejection (BPAR) and steroid‐resistant rejection at 1 year. Patients were followed to 5 years posttransplant in an observational study; findings are described here. Treatment with rATG was associated with a lower rate of BPAR at 5 years (14.2% vs. 26.0% with daclizumab; p = 0.035). Only one rATG‐treated patient (0.9%) and one daclizumab‐treated patient (1.0%) developed BPAR after 1 year. Five‐year graft and patient survival rates, and renal function, were similar between the two groups. Overall graft survival at 5 years was significantly higher in patients without BPAR (81.0% vs. 54.8%; p < 0.001). In conclusion, rATG is superior to daclizumab for the prevention of BPAR among high‐immunological‐risk renal transplant recipients. Overall graft survival at 5 years was approximately 70% with either induction therapy, which compares favorably to low‐risk cohorts.


Since over seven years DMT - Institut fur Angewandte Geophysik has developed soft-and hardware to perfom tomgraphic surveys in mines and between boreholes and tunnels (Gelbke, 1985; Gelbke et al., 1988; Krajewski et al., 1989). The new development of a program package to invert traveltime and amplitude data wil! be presented. For the inversion not only the first arriving traveltimes or amplitude onsets but also the later arrivals from refracted and reflected waves are used.


We prove that a H-surface M in H^2xR, |H|<= 1/2, inherits the symmetries of its boundary when the boundary is either a horizontal curve with curvature greater than one or two parallel horizontal curves with curvature greater than one, whose distance is greater or equal to \pi Furthermore we prove that the asymptotic boundary of a surface with mean curvature bounded away from zero consists of parts of straight lines, provided it is sufficiently regular


This report presents the development and the first application of generic probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) information for identifying systems and components important to public risk at nuclear power plants lacking plant specific PRAs. A methodology is presented for using the results of PRAs for similar (surrogate) plants, along with plant-specific information about the plant of interest and the surrogate plants, to infer important failure modes for systems of the plant of interest. This methodology, and the rationale on which it is based, is presented in the context of its application to the Rancho Seco plant. The Rancho Seco plant has been analyzed using PRA information from two surrogate plants. This analysis has been used to guide development of considerable plant-specific information about Rancho Seco systems and components important to minimizing publc risk, which is also presented herein. This two-volume report presents the development and first application of a methodology for using generic PRA information to identify risk-important systems and components at a plant lacking a PRA. The methodology requires the detailed analysis of both similarities and differences between related plants.


In order to have an impact on areas such as the environment, noise pollution, oil dependence and sustainability, the electric vehicle must become a significant part of the transportation system. The mechanisms by which this may happen are explored in the individual chapters of this book. In this chapter, routes by which new technologies such as electric vehicles can gain a market presence in the face of entrenched technologies are described. Some of these routes include changes in taste, market niches, a crisis in the existing technology, research and development, environmental regulation and technological advances outside the industry. Standard microeconomic theory, in which consumers choose the technology that puts them on the highest possible indifference curve, can also be adapted to analyze automobile technology choice. This first chapter provides an introduction to the entire book and summarizes each of the subsequent chapters.


According to the problem of virtual entity capture in virtual warship damage control training system,a concept of capture efficiency was defined based on the weapon system shooting efficiency.The calculating methods of linear and rectangular target capture efficiency were presented.In consideration of the multi-entity capture determination in virtual environment,distance compensative criterion and visual angle compensative criterion were brought out to solve the target entity filter problem.The algorithm is used in the virtual warship damage control training system to provide an approach for target entity operating in virtual scene.


A S far as we know, the subject of this perspective and its author are not related, although the parallels in our lives are remarkable. We grew up in neighboring communities in western New York State, and our mothers were both schoolteachers. We attended the same university, and were drawn into the study of fishes by the same major professor. We even ended up doing research on the same tiny Caribbean island. The subject does, however, retain exclusive rights to the nickname ''Smitty,'' by which he is universally known, and which the author concedes on the basis of priority. As a final coincidence, the author's brother and family live outside Denver, Colorado. That is how we found ourselves at Smitty's house in nearby Colorado Springs, enjoying the hospitality offered by him and his wife, Marj. The Smiths live in a spacious, split-level house on a quiet, tree-lined side street, close enough to the main highway to be convenient, but far enough off to be away from the noise and commotion. On a clear day, which is most of the time in Colorado Springs, Pike's Peak dominates the western horizon, as it did for the explorers and settlers who passed through the area in the 19 century. On the August day that we visited, the air was clear, dry, and comfortably warm, altogether a perfect place to spend a summer day and listen to the story of a life in ichthyology. Clarence Lavett Smith was born on 19 December 1927 in Hamburg, New York, a small town about ten miles south of Buffalo, the only child of Clarence Lavett Smith, Sr. (ca. 1895–1961) and Mildred Gaeckle Smith (ca. 1895–1971). His father worked for many years at the Bethlehem Steel plant in nearby Lackawanna but took early retirement and thereafter operated a small farm in Orchard Park. Living in the country and working around the farm gave Smitty an introduction to nature. In high school, he had a particularly influential biology teacher who helped him develop his interest in science. Although Smitty was not much of a joiner during his school days, he was active in the Boy Scouts, reaching the rank of Eagle Scout. This was during World War II, and when his scoutmaster went into the Army, Smitty became the acting scoutmaster by default. What he remembers most about this experience is that it convinced him that he never wanted to be an administrator when he grew up. After graduating from high school, Smitty enrolled in the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. At the time, he thought he might become a veterinarian, and Cornell was well known for its college of veterinary medicine. It was also, as Smitty admits, one of the few colleges he knew anything about. Although his mother had graduated from the state teacher's college in Buffalo, no one else from his family had ever attended a college or university, so he had no direct experience with any of them. As a resident of New York State, Smitty would be eligible for the low in-state tuition rate, another important factor. It proved to be an excellent decision. Cornell at that time had a particularly strong program in zoology, or, as it would be called today, ''organismal biology.'' Among the prominent faculty members were the herpetologist Albert Hazen Wright (1879–1970), ornithologists Arthur A. Allen (1885–1964) and Peter Paul Kellogg (1899–1975), the mammalogist William J. Hamilton, Jr. (1902–1990), the comparative anatomist Perry W. Gilbert (1912–2000), and the ichthyologist Edward C. Raney (1919– 1984). Although he arrived with vague intentions of studying veterinary medicine, his first zoology course convinced Smitty that his true interest lay there, and he never applied to vet school. The most influential figure in his undergraduate career was undoubtedly Raney. Zoology at Cornell was then undergoing a kind of generational transition. The bestknown faculty members at the time were probably Wright and Allen. Wright had authored, along with his wife, Anna, authoritative books on snakes and anurans of North America. Arthur Allen had made Cornell into one of the leading centers of ornithological research in the country. Both, however, were aging, and their best work was behind them. Raney, on the other hand, was a rising star who was gathering an outstanding group of graduate students around him. More than one student who had come to Cornell because of its reputation in ornithology was converted to ichthyology by Raney's dynamism. Raney had an ability to recognize talent in students, and he gave them the opportunity to pursue their interests. Indeed, the ''Cornell School'' of ichthyology was rivaled only by Stanford


In this study,the effect of FucT Ⅶ expression inhibition with RNA interference(RNAi) on the adhesion of human colon carcinoma HT-29 cells to HUVECs was investigated.Three pairs of siRNA were cloned into pSilencer 2.0 vectors and transfected into human colon carcinoma HT-29 cells.The FucT Ⅶ mRNA levels were tested by real-time PCR.The adhesion of transfected HT-29 cells to HUVECs was assayed by the Rose-Bengal method.The sLeX protein levels,downstream of FucT Ⅶ,were assayed by Western blot.The results shown that three siRNA pairs effectively inhibited the FucT Ⅶ and the sLeX expression,especially with the pSilencer 2.0-FucT Ⅶ 2.The RNAi-mediated down-regulation of FucT Ⅶ significantly inhibited the ability of HT-29 cells to adhere to HUVECs.


Player pianos driven by computers are able to record and reproduce various performance control parameters, including pitch, timing, velocity and pedaling. However, the resulting sound of performance is not 100% reproducible in a new environment due to the difference in room acoustics and physical properties of the piano. Inspired by the Psychoacoustic studies which showed that human pianists adjust their controls in new environments for better performances, we have developed a system that automatically transfers performance control across environments in order to make the reproduced sound as similar as the original one. In specific, our work includes (1) a systematic measurement of the control-sound relationship of player pianos under different environments, and (2) a novel algorithm to adjust the control parameters through interpolating the measured control-sound functions. We evaluated the effectiveness of our method by conducting a listening test. Experimental results show that our algorithm outperforms the baseline significantly.


Anorthositic suites are spatially and temporally associated assemblages of rocks ranging from gabbro, troctolite and anorthosite through diorite to granitic compositions. The largest known concentration of these rocks in the world is in the Grenville Province and in Labrador north of the Grenville Front. New data on the rock and mineral chemistry of the suites are leading to reassessment of ideas about their origins. One of the keys to understanding the tectonic evolution of the Grenville Province lies in correct interpretation of anorthosite suites in terms of the igneous processes that formed them and their subsequent metamorphism. Renewed appraisal of the economic potential of anorthositic suites is taking place on several fronts.

 Resume

 Les suites anorthositiques sont des roches associees dans le temps et l'espace de composition du gabbro, troctolite, anorthosite au granite en passant par la diorite. La plus grande concentration de ces roches connue au monde est situee dans la province de Grenville et au Labrador, au nord du front de Grenville. De nouvelles donnees sur la chimie de la roche et des mineraux de ces suites amenent a reevaluer les theories sur leur origines. Une des clefs pour comprendre l'evolution tectonique de la province de Grenville est l'interpretation correcte des suites d'anorthosite en fonction des processus ignes qui les ont formees et de metamorphisme subsequent. L'evaluation du potentiel economique des suites anorthositiques est a nouveau menee sur plusieurs fronts.


OBJECTIVE To understand the prevalence of fungal infection and the antifungal knowledge of university freshman, provide a basis for formulating corresponding measures. METHODS By stratified cluster sampling to collect classes randomly, a questionnaire survey was carried on among all students of the selected classes. RESULTS It showed that the prevalence rate of university freshman fungal infection was 60.0% , and there was no statistical significance between male and female students (χ2 = 1.12, P﹥ 0.05). The main reasons for the infection were sharing footbaths, towels and other sanitary appliances. Many students did not have enough knowledge to prevent the fungal infection, so they could not judge these diseases accurately. CONCLUSION The results show the fungal infection prevalence rate of most students is high, especially the tinea pedis, thus we should strengthen health education and develop good hygiene habits.


This study aims to examine the degree of direct or indirect impact of quality and quantity of government on public health. It is a very important topic in that previous studies did not consider the role of government; they focused on the impact of national economic, social, and political factors on public health, therefore, disregarding the governmental factors. We measured the quantity of government by public expenditure on heath (i.e., rate of share of government budget to gross domestic product (GDP)) and the quality of government by five variables such as corruption control, government effectiveness, regulatory quality, voice and accountability, and rule of law. Based on national-level panel data (three waves) that covered 148–194 countries, we examined how quality and quantity of government has an impact on four kinds of public health, i.e., infant mortality, under-five mortality, maternal mortality, and life expectancy. Results show that both the quality and quantity of government had a significant impact on public health. In the quality of government, government effectiveness has a positive impact on life expectancy and a negative influence on infant deaths. Moreover, the quality of government has a greater impact on public health than the quantity of government. Lastly, the quality of government plays a role in moderating the relationships between quantity of government and the predicted variables.


Digital stories are a form of expression that emerges by combining the art of storytelling with multimedia tools such as sound, picture, and video. In this research, examining the experiences of pre-service teachers in creating digital stories in accordance with the science curriculum and the effects of this process on the pre-service teachers' self-confidence in technological pedagogical content knowledge was aimed. This research, using a mixed model approach, was conducted with 24 fourth-grade pre-service teachers. In the study, the "Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Confidence Scale" (TPACK) was applied as a pre-test and post-test. The quantitative findings of the study revealed that the experiences of pre-service teachers in creating a scientific digital story increased statistically significantly in the TK dimension of the TPACK scale and in the TPACK total self-confidence scores. The qualitative findings of the research showed that it had a positive effect on TCK, TPK, and TPCK dimensions, as well as on the TK and total score of TPACK. In the light of these findings of the research, the use of digital stories in educational environments can be recommended since the use of digital stories in educational environments is effective in developing students' TPACK self-confidence perceptions.
Keywords: mixed method, pre-service teachers, scientific digital story, technological pedagogical content knowledge


ducational researchers are currently stressing the effectiveness of qualitative methods to investigate the cognitive and metacognitive thinking of students and teachers during the learning process, and the environmental context in which this process occurs. This article recommends that qualitative techniques be used to explore the thinking of students, teachers, administrators, and parents as they participate in the testing process since qualitative approaches extend beyond quantitative approaches to investigate the complex variables that affect the results and uses of tests. Laura's parents were confident that she would be successful in first grade because of her accomplishments at home, in kindergarten, and on an intelligence test that placed her well into the genius range. They were shocked when they received the scores from the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills, Form G, Level 5, which was administered during the first few weeks of school. How could a highly verbal child have a language score at the 26th percentile, a listening score at the 10th percentile, and a vocabulary score at the 5th percentile? On the basis of these test scores, the teacher explained that Laura would be a "slow learner" in school and, as a result, had been placed in the lowest reading and mathematics groups. When Laura and her parents discussed these major developments, her parents learned that Laura was absent during the five days when the test was administered to the class. When Laura returned to school, she was taken alone to a private room by an unknown person and given nearly two hours of testing without a break. Laura was frightened by the unfamiliar surroundings and administrator and became fatigued during the long testing period. The teacher was not disturbed by these circumstances. To the contrary, she was delighted that a retired teacher who was simply visiting the school volunteered to administer the test so that the classroom teacher wouldn't be inconvenienced. To soothe Laura's wounded feelings and to obtain additional evidence, her parents had an educator ad-


Background: Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients has relied on DNA purification from biopsies, amplification, and sequencing. However, the number of tumor cells in a sample is often insufficient for EGFR assessment. Methods: We prospectively screened 1380 NSCLC patients for EGFR mutations but found that 268 were not evaluable because of insufficient tumor tissue. We therefore developed and validated a method of detecting EGFR mutations in these samples. Tumor cells were microdissected into polymerase chain reaction buffer and amplified. EGFR mutations were detected by length analysis of fluorescently labeled polymerase chain reaction products and TaqMan assay. Results: We determined EGFR status in 217 (81%) of the 268 primary NSCLC samples not evaluable in our original study—fresh and paraffin-embedded with less than 150 cells. Exon 19 deletions were detected in 11.5% of patients and exon 21 L858R mutations in 5.5%. In addition, the exon 20 T790M mutation was detected in 6 of 15 (40%) patients at the time of progression to erlotinib. The primary, sensitive mutation was present in all tumor cells, whereas the T790M mutation was absent in some groups. Conclusions: The method presented here eliminates the need for DNA purification and allows for detection of EGFR mutations in samples containing as few as eight cancer cells.


To investigate the antimicrobial resistance,distribution of integron-gene cassettes of Escherichia coli that isolated from the feces of giant pandas,as well as determine the correlation between resistance and integron-gene cassette,KirbyBauer method was used to test the susceptibility of 50 E. coli isolates against 13 antimicrobial agents. PCR-sequencing was established to detect the integrons( class 1,2,3) and gene cassettes that were harbored in E. coli isolates. The results showed that the isolates had different resistant levels to the 13 tested antimicrobials: high resistant level was observed in ampicillin,cefazolin,tetracycline and SMZ-TMP( resistant rates ranged from 30% to 68%); 30% of the isolates were found to harbor the class 1 integron,and no class 2 or class 3 integron was detected; gene cassettes with length of 1200- 2000 bp were amplified from 40% of the 15 int I1-positive isolates,and the main resistant gens were identified as encoding aminoglycoside adenyltransferase( aad A) and dihydrofolate reductase( dfr A). The main arrays of gene cassettes were dfr A27 + aad A2( detection rate was 83. 33%),moreover,1 isolate was found to harbor the gene cassettes aac A4 + aad A1 + cat B2 discovered. In conclusion,the E. coli isolates from the feces of giant pandas were sensitive to majority of the tested antimicrobial agents. Class l integron was widely distributed in E. coli strains from giant pandas,and integron-gene cassettes were responsible for resistant to aminoglycosides,sulfonamides-TMP and chloramphenicol.


Health adversisement discourse ini printed media is one of persuasive discourse. Eventhough this kind of discourse is included in persuasive discourse for advertising product and service, it can also use any kinds of discourse such as descriptive and expository discourse. The fungction roled by descriptive discourse and expository discourse in health advertisement discourse is elaborated in the article.
Key Words: health advertisement, descriptive discourse, expositional discourse, function


Chronic glial activation and neuroinflammation induced by the amyloid‐β peptide (Aβ) contribute to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. APOE4 is the greatest AD‐genetic risk factor; increasing risk up to 12‐fold compared to APOE3, with APOE4‐specific neuroinflammation an important component of this risk. This editorial review discusses the role of APOE in inflammation and AD, via a literature review, presentation of novel data on Aβ‐induced neuroinflammation, and discussion of future research directions. The complexity of chronic neuroinflammation, including multiple detrimental and beneficial effects occurring in a temporal and cell‐specific manner, has resulted in conflicting functional data for virtually every inflammatory mediator. Defining a neuroinflammatory phenotype (NIP) is one way to address this issue, focusing on profiling the changes in inflammatory mediator expression during disease progression. Although many studies have shown that APOE4 induces a detrimental NIP in peripheral inflammation and Aβ‐independent neuroinflammation, data for APOE‐modulated Aβ‐induced neuroinflammation are surprisingly limited. We present data supporting the hypothesis that impaired apoE4 function modulates Aβ‐induced effects on inflammatory receptor signaling, including amplification of detrimental (toll‐like receptor 4‐p38α) and suppression of beneficial (IL‐4R‐nuclear receptor) pathways. To ultimately develop APOE genotype‐specific therapeutics, it is critical that future studies define the dynamic NIP profile and pathways that underlie APOE‐modulated chronic neuroinflammation. In this editorial review, we present data supporting the hypothesis that impaired apoE4 function modulates Aβ‐induced effects on inflammatory receptor signaling, including amplification of detrimental (TLR4‐p38α) and suppression of beneficial (IL‐4R‐nuclear receptor) pathways, resulting in an adverse NIP that causes neuronal dysfunction. NIP, Neuroinflammatory phenotype; P.I., pro‐inflammatory; A.I., anti‐inflammatory.


This report describes the findings of the third phase of the project sponsored by the United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority on "Minimum Color Vision Requirements for Professional Flight Crew." This third part of the project, "Recommendations for New Color Vision Standards," involved collaboration and co-sponsorship by the Federal Aviation Administration. Minimum color vision requirements for professional flight crew have been established by assessing the level of color vision loss above which subjects with color deficiency no longer perform the most safety-critical, color-related tasks within the aviation environment with the same accuracy as normal trichromats. The new CAD (Color Assessment & Diagnosis) test provides accurate assessment of the applicant's color vision. The results of the test establish with high specificity whether the subject's red-green and yellow-blue color vision performance falls within the normal range and the class and severity of color vision loss in subjects with color deficiency. The results of the test also indicate whether the applicant's color vision meets the minimum requirements for safe performance that have emerged as necessary from this investigation. If the new, experiment-based, pass/fail color limits were adopted as minimum requirements for professional flight crew, 36% of deutan subjects and 30% of protan subjects would be classified as safe to fly. Given the higher prevalence of deutan deficiencies, these findings suggest that 35% of color deficient applicants would be classified as safe to fly.


The execution order of the main components in a JPEG2000 encoder, i.e. the coding sequence, plays a significant role in its performance, implementation cost and memory requirement. The coding sequence is mainly affected by the bit allocation strategy. Existing strategies either require a large working memory or can not be used in rate constrained applications. In this paper, an improved pre-compression bit allocation algorithm for rate-constrained applications of JPEG2000 is proposed. Using the proposed method with multi-layered coding, the memory requirement of a JPEG2000 system is reduced by more than 80%. This is at the expense of a quality degradation of merely 0.47 dB in average, for higher compression ratios of 50 to 100.


This paper describes the automatic target classifier which has been introduced into the Man Portable Surveillance and Tracking Radar (MSTAR) battlefield surveillance as part of its mid-life improvement. It discusses the background to the use of Doppler classifiers for radars of this type, based on the already-prevalent use of audio as a classification aid. It then discusses the principles of the classifier used in the MSTAR radar. This uses the Doppler spectrum to form a feature vector and uses a hierarchical Fisher linear discriminant to resolve the different classes. The training and testing of the classifier are discussed, together with the performance achieved.


Current literature in criminal justice analytics often focuses on predicting the likelihood of recidivism (repeat offenses committed by released defendants), but this problem is fraught with ethical missteps ranging from selection bias in data collection to model interpretability. This paper re-purposes Machine Learning (ML) in criminal justice to identify social determinants of recidivism, with contributions along three dimensions. (1) We shift the focus from predicting which individuals will re-offend to identifying the broader underlying factors that explain differences in recidivism, with the goal of providing a reliable framework for preventative policy intervention. (2) Recidivism models typically agglomerate all individuals into one dataset to carry out ML tasks. We instead apply unsupervised learning to reduce noise and extract homogeneous subgroups of individuals, with a novel heuristic to find the optimal number of subgroups. (3) We subsequently apply supervised learning within the subgroups to determine statistically significant features that are correlated to recidivism. It is our view that this new approach to a long-standing question will serve as a useful guide for the practical application of ML in policymaking.


A review of studies from a variety of disciplines and treatment perspectives reports generally positive outcomes and suggests future research directions


Objective: To See The changes of region-cerebral blood flows and the cerebral metabolism before and after ocular acupuncture.,to explore the mechanism which ocular acupuncture cured cerebral infarction.Methods: To emloy SPECT to see the changes of region-cerebral blood flows and the ability of the cerebra metabolism in 30 patients suffering from cerebral infarction.Results: Visual observation and quantitative analysis both show that ocular acupuncture can increase the region-cerebral blood flows of the suffers with cerebral infarction,and stimulate the function and the activity of the brain cell.It can also improve the marks of the Chinese medical symptom with the patients.Conclusion:Ocular acupuncture can improve clinical symptom of the patients suffering from cerebral infarction;the mechanism is that ocular acupuncture could increase region-cerebral blood flows.SPECT has no damnification,and it can also directly,exactly and quantitatively shows the cerebral blood flows and the metabolism.It's very valueable for the study of acupuncture's effect.


Abstract 341

Ex vivo expansion of cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMNCs) could provide a safe, flexible and ample supply of blood components for cellular therapies. Traditionally, hematopoietic cell expansion has been performed in 2D tissue culture flask or well-plate static cultures using abnormally high concentrations of cytokines which is expensive, reduces the self-renewal capacity, and skews normal differentiation. We have previously developed a 3D bone marrow biomimicry through the use of a synthetic scaffold made of polyurethane (PU) coated with collagen type I which could expand CBMNCs in a cytokine-free environment for at least 28 days ex vivo , with or without the addition of serum to the media. We hypothesised that the addition of near physiological concentrations (0.2U/mL and 1.845U/mL) of exogenous erythropoietin (EPO) to these established 3D CBMNC ex vivo cultures at day 14 in a serum-free and cytokine-free environment would be sufficient to enhance erythropoiesis. CBMNCs were separated by Ficoll-Paque density gradient and seeded onto collagen-coated PU 3D scaffolds at a cell density of 2.5×106cells per scaffold (5×5×5mm3). Cultures were established in serum-free conditions and only EPO was added at days 14–28, with full-medium exchange every 2 days. Culture output was evaluated at days 14, 21 and 28 both by physically extracting cells from the scaffolds and by in situ analysis. Over 28 days, most stages of maturation, from erythroid progenitors to enucleated erythrocytes were observed by light microscopy of cytospins and by immunophenotypic analysis of extracted cells (CD45−/CD71+/CD235+), with more maturation occurring by day 28 of culture, after the addition of EPO. Although both concentrations of EPO produced comparable erythroid differentiation of cells, even by CFU assay, the viability (75% vs. 61%, p<0.05) and proliferative capacity at day 28 of culture was enhanced in the higher concentration of EPO compared with that in the lower concentration (p<0.05). In contrast, standard 2D control cultures (without serum or cytokines) collapsed within 5 days. In situ , scanning electron microscopy showed maturation of erythrocytes within central sections of the scaffolds to enucleation by day 28 and multiphoton microscopy confirmed the presence of structures resembling erythroid islands as early as day 14 of culture, prior to the addition of EPO. In conclusion, 3D PU-collagen scaffolds may provide a good model to study erythropoiesis ex vivo , using physiological concentrations of EPO, and has the potential to expand red cells in response to higher levels of exogenous EPO in a culture system that would be suitable for clinical applications.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The Court of Protection decided in A NHS Foundation Trust v Ms X that an anorexia nervosa patient lacked the capacity to refuse treatment for her eating disorder, but that it was not in her best‐interests to be subject to force‐feeding to prolong her life. The Court, vindicating previous judgments in similar cases, considered that the eating disorder rendered the patient incapable of deciding on nutrition and, therefore, that she lacked the capacity to refuse treatment for anorexia nervosa. This paper questions the narrow way in which the patient's decision was characterised by the Court in this and previous cases, which led to an application of the Mental Capacity Act 2005 that is incompatible with the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities because, based on a diagnosis only, anorexia nervosa patients were denied the right to decide where the balance lies between quality and duration of their own lives.


It provides a display device including the transistor, and good electrical properties, and the transistor with high reliability. The transistor is a bottom formed using the oxide semiconductor for the channel region-gate transistor. The through heating dehydration or dehydrogenation of the oxide semiconductor layer is used as an active layer. The active layer includes a second region of the first region and the rest of the surface layer portion of the microcrystallization. By using the oxide semiconductor layer having such a structure, the n- type and generation of the variation of the channel due to the parasitic evolution of oxygen from the mixing or surface layer of water on the surface layer portion can be suppressed. In addition, the contact resistance between the oxide semiconductor layer and the source and drain electrodes can be reduced.


Immersive virtual reality (VR) has been widely adopted to enhance user experience in diverse contexts. While immersive VR with a head-mounted display has the potential to create new value in generating the sense of presence, it also causes cybersickness which hinders user experience. Despite increasing scholarly and practical attention to immersive VR, the question of how to enhance the user experience by increasing presence and inhibiting cybersickness has yet to be answered. Hence, this study seeks to fill the gap by examining the effects of motion orientation and posture state on presence and cybersickness using both subjective and electroencephalogram (EEG) data during a laboratory experiment. This study discusses how a user's immersive VR experience is influenced by the two key factors (motion orientation and posture state) that derive presence and cybersickness. By explaining the underlying mechanisms for presence and cybersickness, this study contributes to resolving previous inconsistent findings regarding the effect of immersive VR on user experience.


The purpose of this research is to increase students' interest in learning in elementary schools during Covid-19 with e-book teaching materials by utilizing technology in learning media, especially using digital books (e-books) through computer intermediaries, laptops or smartphones. Since the existence of Covid-19, the level of interest in learning from students has been very minimal, because educators are less creative in using technology when carrying out the learning process, so that students are less interested in doing learning, by utilizing technology published in digital form can be used by students to facilitate students in learning and increase student interest in learning during the Covid-19 pandemic by displaying information in the form of text, images, audio, video, animation, narration, music, and other multimedia. The method used in this study is a quantitative research method, in which this method researchers can collect data by means of in-depth interviews using the Google form. Because of that, with the e-book media, researchers hope that students' interest in learning can increase even though learning is still done online


Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies. Most patients were diagnosed of ovarian cancer at advanced stages due to non-obviousness of early symptoms. Both of metastasis and drug resistance are the main causes for poor prognosis of patients with ovarian cancer. Therefore, the current hotspots for ovarian cancer research focus on identification of early biomarkers related to metastasis and drug resistance. Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs), also known as tissue kallikreins—a group of secreted serine proteases including fifteen members, have diverse tissue-specific expression profiles and mediate a range of pathological and physiological processes mainly through regulating the bioactivity of certain cytokines and proteases, activating cell membrane receptors or hydrolyzing extracellular matrix. Many studies have showed that KLKs are aberrantly expressed in ovarian cancer and involved in cancer development, metastasis and drug  resistance. This review highlights the advances in relationship of KLKs family with occurrence, development, metastasis, invasion and drug resistance of ovarian cancer. DOI:10.3781/j.issn.1000-7431.2015.55.633


There is provided an apparatus for controlling a personal protection system of a vehicle described, having the structure-borne sound signal at least one acoustic emission sensor (4) for receiving body vibration and an evaluation device (2) for evaluating the of the structure-borne noise sensor (4) supplied (s1), so that information on the impact object and / or the characteristics of the impact can be supplied. The evaluation device (2) is adapted to analyze the structure-borne sound signal (s1) with regard to the frequencies contained therein, by the frequency spectrum contained in a signal section is divided into a number of frequency bands, the available signal energy is determined for each frequency band and a normalization the signal energy of the frequency bands is made. Further, the apparatus comprises a personal protection system (3), which can be actuated in dependence on the information about the impact object and / or the characteristics of the impact. The evaluation device (2) is further adapted to set in the normalization, the signal energy of each of the frequency bands to the signal energy of a particular frequency band in reference ratio and to compare the resulting ratio gradients with predetermined threshold values.


txo DE JANEIRO (JP) The 'fIllUaQ conil'ess raged through the .tormlest BeSillon In history !lit niaht to inquire Into the cause of the current c~st of living riots wbleh a1ready have taken a toll of oat death 'and more than 100 cas1I~lea, and was informed that a Communist 'deputy, arrested in connection with the disorders, had been released. As heated debrte and flstculfs kllPt . congress in an uproar. Bra,ijUln Irmy troops took strategic ,tations in streets and public squarea throughout the city to prevent the municipal turbulence trom reaching the violent pitch of Prlday night and early yesterday when mobs roamed the streets IJ'JIashing s tore fronts, battling police shock troops and causing damage estimated at thousands of dollars. Majority Leader Nereu Ramos told congress that Communist Deputy Trifino Correia. arrested Friday night durin, the height of the disorders. had been released. His arrest was announced '!!arlier by Congress President Melo Viana. Ch.llelll'e. AooUien Sen. Getulio Vargas. former president of Brazil, fiercely ahswerlng charges that his regimewhich ended last October-was respqnsible for Brazil's crlsill, challenged his accusers to meet him outside the building and then stalked out. While one deputy was accusing the Vargas regime of responsiblli ty for the disorderes, the I\ev. Arruda Camara, a Catholic priest and congressman. punched Deputy Mario Lins In the nose. Protest Arrelt Leaders of almost all political parties. however. joined in protesting to President Eurice Gaspar Dutra against Correia's arrest and the aisregard Ilf cODgressional immunity by police In enBrazilian Congress Follows Cost-of -Living Riots


Introduction Rita Barnard Part I. The Man, the Movement, and the Nation: 1. The antinomies of Nelson Mandela Philip Bonner 2. Mandela, the emotions, and the lessons of prison David Schalkwyk 3. 'Madiba magic': politics as enchantment Deborah Posel 4. Nelson, Winnie, and the politics of gender Brenna Munro Part II. Reinterpreting Mandela: 5. Mandela and tradition Zolani Ngwane 6. Mandela and the law Adam Sitze 7. Mandela on war Jonathan Hyslop 8. Mandela's presidential years: an Africanist view Sifiso Mxolisi Ndlovu Part III. Representing Mandela: 9. Mandela writing/writing Mandela Daniel Roux 10. Mandela in film and television Litheko Modisane 11. The visual Mandela: a pedagogy of citizenship Lize van Robbroeck 12. Mandela's mortality Sarah Nuttall and Achille Mbembe Guide to further reading Index.


These days, writing about untranslatability may seem courageous, as more and more voices associate this issue with translation incapacity and, instead, advocate for creative remedies or even reject such an instance. This study does not deal with a contemporary novel, nor does it have to do with a powerful textual space. However, we believe that translation theories mainly focus on analyses of a certain category of languages, and raise questions of discrepancies between subordinate and dominant cultures, a tendency which derives from the proneness of the international publishing industry to favour certain languages and types of writing. We are not aiming for a debate around the subject of publishing politics or endeavours, but rather we try to cast some light on the ambitious project of rendering vernacular into a powerful language. This paper deals with the work of a great Moldavian storyteller who contributes significantly to the enhancement of expressiveness through linguistic characteristics that occur informally. We hypothesise that the vibrant vernacular writing "Memories of my boyhood" creates potential instances of untranslatability, due to significant differences between the Romanian variety and English, not necessarily in the linguistic inventory but rather in the cognitive structures of the readership. Therefore, the case study focuses on how source text and target text readers infer meaning from interjections and terms of address, originally belonging to the Moldavian modes of expression. Although the translators re-create these short utterances, due to a lack of a similar background from the part of the receiving culture, we witness a limitation on conveying their original intentionality, emotion and plethora of meanings.


A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of age of release, strain and farmers location on growth and carcass performance of the indigenous, and two exotic strains (Harco® and Goldline®) cockerels, reared on free range; in order to ascertain the best age of release into free range from brooder houses, as well as the effect of farmers location and strain on their growth and carcass characteristics, in South Eastern Nigeria. A total of 315 cockerels comprising 87 indigenous chicks, 114 Harco® chicks, and 114 Goldline® cockerels brooded and raised up to 18 weeks of age were used in this experiment. These birds were randomly released to farmers in the villages at three different ages of 4, 8 and 12 weeks to run on free range. There were significant effects of age of release and strain on the growth characteristics, but none on the carcass characteristics. However, there was also significant effect of the zone on both growth and carcass traits measured. It was concluded that the earlier the exotic birds are released from the brooder house, the better their performance on scavenging rearing. This is beneficial as the farmer will save much from the purchase of compounded feed and other veterinary services.


This article describes the long-term results of complex clinical and laboratory evaluation of the state of periodontal tissue complex during complex periodontal (Periodontology) and orthodontic treatment of patients with inflammatory and destructive periodontal disease and dentoalveolar deformities. The examination and complex treatment of 60 patients aged 25-40 years with chronic generalized periodontitis mild to moderate severity, combined with a deep distal occlusion and protrusion of the upper jaw. All patients were divided into 2 groups: the main and control. The study group included 30 people who underwent a complex therapeutic, orthodontic and surgical treatment with replanting in periodontal pockets «CollapAn» in the drug granules. Patients in the control group of 30 people was also carried out a comprehensive periodontal and orthodontic treatment, but with an open and closed curettage osteoplastic medication is not used. Orthodontic treatment of patients in both groups was performed using fixed orthodontic apparatus Stright Wire Technique for 28 months in remission periodontal disease and after surgery. According to long-term results of the index assessing the state of periodontal tissues, indicators densitometry studies and orthodontic diagnostic methods dentoalveolar anomalies it has been found that the use in the treatment of patients of the main group osteoplastic preparation promotes bone density by 50% of the initial indicators, significant reduction of the depth of periodontal pockets of 4 fold (p < 0,001) and improvement of aesthetic dental system performance compared with patients in the control group.


In this work, a selection of the optimum steam turbine type and size for integration in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants is carried out. In particular, the optimum steam turbine input and output interfaces for a range of CSP plant capacity sizes are identified. Also, efficiency and electricity unit cost curves for various steam turbine capacities are estimated by using a combination of the Steam Pro software module of the Thermoflow Suite 18 package and the IPP v2.1 optimization software tool. The results indicate that the estimated efficiency and the expected specific capital cost of the power block are very important criteria in choosing the best steam turbine size of a CSP plant. For capacity sizes of 10kWe up to 50MWe, the steam turbine efficiency increases and the steam turbine expected specific capital cost of the power block decreases at a high rate, whereas for larger sizes they remain almost constant. Thus, there is significant efficiency gains to be realized and large cost savings in increasing the turbine size up to 50MWe. Finally, although the cost of electricity of a CSP plant with capacities greater than 1MWe is significantly reduced to less than 1US$/kWh, currently such technology can only become economically viable through supporting schemes. Copyright © 2012 International Energy and Environment Foundation– All rights reserved.


Functional dyspepsia (FD) in the past, has been found to be associated with patients with pancreatic enzyme abnormalities and chronic pancreatitis in a certain population of patients who suffered from this disease. Since 2009, when the idea of early chronic pancreatitis (ECP) first emerged, the utility of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) has gained our attention as it may play an important role in distinguishing ECP from dyspepsia patients. Although the symptoms of patients with pancreatic enzyme abnormalities and pancreatic dysfunction overlap with those of dyspepsia, there are no available data to explain the direct relationships and linkages between pancreatic dysfunction and dyspeptic symptoms. The disturbance of exocrine pancreatic enzyme function and the reduction of pancreatic endocrine levels, such as insulin, may be associated with dyspeptic symptoms through impaired gastric emptying and duodenal inflammation. Recently, some studies have focused on the role of duodenal pathophysiology in gastric motility, bicarbonate secretion, and digestion. Since the reduction of bicarbonate secretion by pancreatic dysfunction fails to neutralize gastric acid in the proximal part of the duodenum, impaired bicarbonate secretion by pancreatic dysfunction in turn fails to protect the duodenal mucosa against gastric acid influx, thereby inducing duodenal inflammation. In addition, it has been suggested that elevated trypsin levels might be partly associated in part with duodenal inflammatory responses through PAR2-related immunomodulatory cells. This article offers a review on how duodenal inflammation may play a role in the etiology of FD and demonstrates whether pancreatic dysfunction may be associated with FD through intestinal inflammation.


Abstract Social semiotics is now widely regarded as one of the leading research areas. This study is the first attempt to present a holistic overview of social semiotics based on the data in the Web of Science core collection database from 2001 to 2020. The study investigates, among other issues, social semiotics' publishing tendency, the most productive authors, countries, institutions, and hotspots. The results exhibit a steady rise in its publications and citations. The current analysis verifies the growing quantitative and qualitative research contributions and influences of this field. Furthermore, what the journals focus on are the innovative and contemporary themes, manifested predominantly in sign, multimodality, gender, experimental semiotics, advertising, culture, and social media, which involve a wide range of methodologies to make the research more acceptable and constructive. These results are expected to offer refreshing insights that inspire scholars in formulating scientific agendas and advising their research strategies, thereby facilitating substantial contributions to the domain.


The electrical resistance of epitaxial Cu(001) sequentially increases, decreases, and again increases when exposed to 10−3–105 Pa s of O2. This is attributed to partial specular surface scattering for smooth clean Cu(001) and for the surface with a complete adsorbed monolayer, but diffuse scattering at partial coverage and after chemical oxidation. A model relates the surface coverage to the specularity parameter and finds adatom and advacancy scattering cross-sections of 0.8±0.2 and 0.06±0.03 nm2, which are qualitatively validated by nonequilibrium ab initio transport simulations. The rates for resistance change are proportional to the O2 partial pressure.


Present-day state of research on problem of fraud in Ukraine and Russian Federation has been determined. Dynemics of papers in mentioned countries has been studied as well as their comparison analysis has been carried out.


The Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) instrument for NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has an optical prescription which employs several mirrors, some of which are powered and some of which are flats that aid in packaging. Two distinct designs for the mirrors and their mounts have been developed such that different requirements for mass, packaging and induced wavefront error can be met. The instrument will operate at 37K after experiencing launch loads at ~293K and the mounts must accommodate all associated thermal and mechanical stresses. Two of the mirrors needed to be redesigned after initial prototype testing of one of the designs. This paper will provide an update on the design and analysis status for all the mirrors including results of the initial prototype testing.


This study was carried out to determine the physicochemical properties and the thermal behavior of Malaysian high free fatty acid crude palm oil (HFFA-CPO). The physicochemical properties showed that the free fatty acid (FFA %), acid value, iodine value, saponification value, unsaponifiable matter, hydroxyl value, specific gravity, refractive index at 28°C, moisture content, viscosity at 28°C and colour at 28°C values were 9.4±0.1 %, 21.3±0.1 mg/g, 50.6±0.2 mg/g, 203.1±0.1 mg/g, 0.7±0.1%, 43.4±0.2 mg/g, 0.878 g/ml, 1.4669, 0.6 %, 52 cP and 50R–40Y respectively. Gas chromatography (GC) was used to determine the fatty acid (FA) composition in HFFA-CPO. The fatty acids were found to be comprised mostly with 45.7 % palmitic acid (C16:0), 39.5 % oleic acid (C18:1), 9.4 % linoleic acid (C18:2) and 4.3 % stearic acid (C18:0). The analysis of triacylglycerol components with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has resulted with 3.5 % triunsaturated (OOO, OLL and OLO), 32.7 % monosaturated (POO, PLO, SOO ...


This paper studies the severe situation of diversified security vulnerabilities in China's rural e-commerce websites. It used vulnerability scanning software and penetration testing tools widely used at home and abroad to conduct vulnerability mining, testing and verification on 240 China's rural e-commerce websites. According to the results of statistics and threat level classification method, the assessment of websites' vulnerability risk was carried out. The overall situation of security vulnerability was analyzed deeply by comparing OWASP Top 10. A less optimistic security situation of China's rural e-commerce website vulnerabilities is showed by the method of data visualization. The strategies for preventing and responding to security vulnerability in China's rural e-commerce websites are further proposed, and lay a foundation for carrying out the following work of security situation perception and forecast of rural e-commerce websites in China.


Objective: To investigate the effect of cesarean delivery in the second phase for the results of maternal and neonates.Methods: A total of 220 cases of women with cesarean delivery were selected from June 2008 to June 2010.Cesarean delivery in the second phase was the observation group(70 cases) and the cesarean delivery in the first phase was control group(150 cases).Results: The rate of uterine laceration,postpartum hemorrhage and neonatal asphyxia in the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P0.05).Conclusion: Maternal and neonatal morbidity is significantly increased in women undergoing cesarean delivery in the second phase,cesarean delivery in the second phase should be avoided.


The purpose of this study is to explore the urgency of Islamic education for children and how the theory of character formation of children according to Abdullah Nashih Ulwan. This research is a qualitative research with a type of library research, and the data analysis technique uses inductive and deductive. The findings of this study can be concluded: first, Islamic education is education oriented to the five pillars of religion, namely faith, etiquette, morals, worship, and muamalat. Two pillars are closely related to the affairs of the afterlife namely faith and worship. While the other three pillars are related to world affairs, namely morals, manners and muamalat. If the five pillars are considered in education, the education will give birth to human beings who have strong faith, true worship, good morals and manners, and are able to interact with the community and be involved in life in accordance with the skills (expertise) they have. Second, according to Ulwan, the theory of character formation of children starts from the time children are born, and the formation of children's character in order to become a human being (perfect human) is not enough just to reform the morals, but must pay attention to several aspects of coaching, both religious education, religious education, moral education, scientific education, and physical education. Because humans are not only like walking objects, but humans consist of spirits and bodies. The morals that are seen are the fruit of the faith and spirituality that exists in the soul and heart. Likewise man was created not to live alone, but he is a social creature that lives and mates with others. Keywords: Character Education, children, Ulwan


The present invention provides a method of producing a cathode foil of the lithium-containing batteries, (I) a polytetrafluoroethylene, a step of providing the electrochemically inert conductive carbon material, a drying solvent-free composition having a electrochemically active cathode material, (Ii) drying to form a polytetrafluoroethylene that has been at least partially fibrillated by the shear force on the solvent-free composition, comprising the steps of providing a fibrillated composition, And a step of providing a cathode foil by molding (iii) fibrillated compositions, the methods described above. .BACKGROUND


The development of construction industries provides countless benefits to the society and the people. At present scenario, construction field all around the world is facing a serious problem with price hike of raw materials. So they are very much concern to reduce the consumption of readily available raw materials. It is also important for engineers to develop Eco -friendly material, as environment is getting affected day by day by the increasing construction activities. A comparison of the physical, mechanical and durability properties of RPC (Reactive Powder Concrete) and HPC (High Performance Concrete),shows that RPC possesses better strength (both compressive and flexural) and lower permeability compared to HPC. Thus the main aim of this project study is to develop sustainable concrete development called high strength reactive powder concrete. The curing method followed in this study is normal water curing of 28days and tested under compressive strength attain the result of 87 N/mm.The non destructive tests are conducted on the high strength reactive powder concrete beam with alternate detailing to check strength, quality and homogeneity of concrete.


The construction of 100 mm charge for explosively formed projectile was proposed in the article. The construction of charge was tested on the range. The results of field tests of an explosively formed projectile with the expected design parameters are presented. The accuracy of projectiles hitting the target at 750 calibre distance was determined. The penetration of projectiles was shown on the examples of impact on a 30 mm thick target from rolled homogenous steel. Exemplary shapes of explosively formed projectiles on the flight path in the form of imprints in a paper target are presented. The results of fragmentation of the charge casing were also analysed.


Quick start your search for Bible commentaries in the ORU Library. Commentaries on Sirach, also known as Ecclesiasticus and the Wisdom of Jesus ben Sira


The increasing focus on academic patenting raises questions about patent incentives at different stages of the scientific career and the resulting patent productivity. The paper at hand compares the incentives for patenting with those for publishing and how they shape life cycle productivity. In the empirical part life time productivity is investigated by means of the patents of nearly 1,000 German patent active professors in an aggregated form. For young professors, there is a productivity increase observable for around 14 years after the PhD. For older professors, the productivity profile is mainly shaped by the overall rise of academic patenting during the 1990s. Under the premise that academic patents are useful for economic change some policy recommendations are given on how the patenting incentives for academics can be improved.


This observation of the role and context of economic research on rangelands has not changed over the years. Yet, rangeland economic research and policy needs have not been systematically examined since Cook and Stubbendieck (1986). Our purpose is to consider what the future rangeland research needs are for economic and policy analysis. In this examination, the scale of analysis is extremely important. Often the policy questions affect firms, communities, regions, or the nation as a whole and change over time.


Background and objective:  A new interpretative strategy for pulmonary function tests (PFT) has been proposed by the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) Task Force. To assess the accuracy of this strategy, clinical diagnosis was compared with the PFT interpretation in patients showing concomitant decreases in FEV1 and FVC.


A harmonious socialist society calls for a high awareness of social contract from all citizens.The awareness of social contract is based on the spirit of freedom,equality,and a clear definition on the relationship between privileges and responsibilities.It also implies a fundamental spirit of cooperation and trust among social members.Cultivating awareness of social contract thus becomes necessary and significant in building the harmonious socialist society.Several ways can be effective in helping cultivate citizens' awareness of social contract,namely,providing theories through theoretical study,providing practical guidance via educational system,restricting people's behavior through disciplines and regulations,and influencing people's behavior by creating a helpful social environment.


Since reanalysis data, such as the European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting's ERA-40 and The National Center for Environmental Prediction's NCEP/NCAR have became available, the regional climate modelling community has been using these as lateral boundary conditions (LBC) for their regional climate model (RCM) experiments. To assess model performance over a given domain these reanalysis LBCs are used preferentially over LBCs generated by an atmosphere only General Circulation Model (AGCM) as the reanalysis are thought to be more a realistic representation of atmospheric state.


The ARIES-III reactor study is an extensive examination of the viability of a D-/sup 3/He commercial tokamak power reactor. The ARIES-III reactor uses an organic coolant to cool the first wall, shield and divertor. The authors explored the potential for isotopically tailoring the 4-mm tungsten layer on the divertor in order to reduce the offsite doses should a tungsten aerosol be released from the reactor after an accident. They also modeled a loss-of-cooling accident in which the organic coolant was burning in order to estimate the amount of radionuclides released from the first wall. Because the maximum temperature is low, <600 degrees C, release fractions are small. The authors analyzed the disposition of the 20 g/day of tritium that is produced by D-D reactions and removed by the vacuum pumps. The results reemphasize the need for low activation materials and advanced divertor designs, even in reactors using advanced fuels.<<ETX>>


The nucleotide sequence of the 3′-terminal region of a potyvirus from lily in Miyagi, Japan, exhibited 96.5% homology in the CP gene and 98.9% homology in deduced amino acid sequence to an isolate of Lily mottle virus (LMoV) from the Netherlands. Dilution end-points were compared for the detection of LMoV in lily by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; an assay with immunocapture, reverse transcription (RT) and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR); and an assay with RT and PCR using total RNA extracted from infected plant material. The RT-PCR assay with total RNA was the most sensitive assay which, with primers based on the nucleotide sequence information, was able to distinguish between infection by LMoV and Tulip breaking virus, another potyvirus that can infect lily.


The Objective of this research is to study the direct effect of the supervision, job experience, and performance toward career of the lecture. Research method that been used is quatitative approach with survey method. The techniques of collecting data using questionnaires and interviews. The data analysis was done using descriptive analysis and inferential analysis with the approach of path analysis. The result are : (1)The supervision has positive direct influence on the career, (2) Experience has positive direct influence on the career, (3) Performance has positive direct influence on the career, (4) Supervision has positive direct influence on the performance, (5) Experience has positive direct influence on performance.


This paper proposes a neural network-based actuator fault detection scheme for four-wheeled skid-steered unmanned ground vehicles (UGV). The neural network approach is first validated on vehicle dynamics simulations. Then, it is tailored for the experimental setup. Experiments involve a motion tracking system, Husarion Rosbot 2.0 UGV with associated network control systems. For experimental work, the disturbance is intentionally induced by augmenting wheels with a bump. Network size optimization is also carried out so that computing resource is saved without degrading detecting accuracy too much. The resulting network exhibit fault detection and isolation accuracy over 97% of the test data. A scenario is experimentally illustrated where a fault occurs, is detected, and tracking control is modified to continue operation in the presence of an actuator fault.


Even when studies about castilian nobility during the Middle Ages have gone further and had an important renovation during the last decades, the High and Central Middle Ages and the sectors below the upper levels of the nobility are quite less known. In this paper I will try to study the succession and properties of a kindred that, in quite a general sense, we may consider "lesser nobility". Both sides of the study —prosopography and properties— will allow us a deeper understanding and knowledge of such an important sector of the nobility.


We focus on new observational capabilities (Yohkoh, SoHO, TRACE), observations, modeling approaches, and insights into physical processes of the solar corona. The most impressive new results and problems discussed in this article can be appreciated from the movies available on the Annual Reviews website and at http://www.lmsal.com/pub/araa/araa.html.


Results of narrowband filter photometry are presented for comets 1977g, 1978b, 1978f, 1978j, 1979c, and 1979i. There appears to be a remarkable homogeneity among comets with regard to the relative production rates for those species which are readily measured, specifically C2, CN, C3, and OH. Most comets appear to show identical relative abundances, except for a rather well-defined variation with heliocentric distance. Molecular production rates appear to be unrelated to either the emission-to-continuum (gas-to-dust) ratio or the dynamical age of the comet. The correlation with visual magnitudes is excellent, though the slope is not what could be intuitively expected.


The principle and features of Arnold transform is introduced,and the period become the encryption key and decryption key.The LSB method is introduced too.An improved LSB algorithm and Arnold transform can make the embedded information anti-shear and anti-extract protection.Experiments show that the method is suitable for grayscale and color images.It is effective to protect information,and easy to implement.


This research was conducted to know the effectiveness of leadership style and climate of employee communication to work motivation of police officer of bidhumas of Central Java Police. Definition of theory of X-efficiency by Leibenstein a good leadership style is a leadership style that can control their subordinates by adjusting to the situation. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview to the agency and become input for Bidhumas Polda Central Java, to keep motivating its members in carrying out the tasks in order to achieve maximum results. Sampling in this research is total sampling. The population in the study were all employees of BidHumas Polda Central Java. The number of samples studied were 34 respondents. Based on the hypothesis test conducted using multiple linear regression analysis. There is influence of leadership style and climate of employee communication to work motivation of BidHumas Polda Jateng staff. This is indicated by multiple linear regression test conducted on leadership style (X1) variable, and employee communication climate (X2) on employee work motivation (Y) got significance value 0,000 (<0,05) variable Y. In the hypothesis test obtained coefficient value direction regression leadership style of 0.368, communications climate of 0.207. Suggestion given that is expected able to give description to institution and become input for Bidhumas Polda Central Java, to keep motivating its member in carrying out duty in order to achieve maximum work result. This research was conducted to know the effectiveness of leadership style and climate of employee communication to work motivation of police officer of bidhumas of Central Java Police. Definition of theory of X-efficiency by Leibenstein a good leadership style is a leadership style that can control their subordinates by adjusting to the situation. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview to the agency and become input for Bidhumas Polda Central Java, to keep motivating its members in carrying out the tasks in order to achieve maximum results. Sampling in this research is total sampling. The population in the study were all employees of BidHumas Polda Central Java. The number of samples studied were 34 respondents. Based on the hypothesis test conducted using multiple linear regression analysis. There is influence of leadership style and climate of employee communication to work motivation of BidHumas Polda Jateng staff. This is indicated by multiple linear regression test conducted on leadership style (X1) variable, and employee communication climate (X2) on employee work motivation (Y) got significance value 0,000 (<0,05) variable Y. In the hypothesis test obtained coefficient value direction regression leadership style of 0.368, communications climate of 0.207. Suggestion given that is expected able to give description to institution and become input for Bidhumas Polda Central Java, to keep motivating its member in carrying out duty in order to achieve maximum work result.


REFERENCES 1. Rosenzweig KE, Sura S, Jackson A, et al: Involved-field radiation therapy for non–small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 13:5557-5561, 2007 2. Dillman RO, Herndon J, Seagren SL, et al: Improved survival in stage III non–small-cell lung cancer: Seven-year follow-up of cancer and leukemia group B (CALGB) 8433 trial. J Natl Cancer Inst 88:1210-1215, 1996 3. Furuse K, Fukuoka M, Kawahara M, et al: Phase III study of consurrent versus sequential thoracic radiotherapy in combination with mitomycin, vindesine, and cisplatin in unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 17:2692-2699, 1999 4. Mac Manus MP, Hicks RJ, Ball DL, et al: F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography staging in radical radiotherapy candidates with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma: Powerful correlation with survival and high impact on treatment. Cancer 92:886-895, 2001 5. Sura S, Gupta V, Yorke E, et al: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for inoperable non–small-cell lung cancer: The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) experience. Radiother Oncol (in press) 6. Fox JL, Rengan R, O'Meara W, et al: Does the registration of PET and planning CT images decrease interand intra-observer variation in delineating tumor volumes for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 62:70-75, 2005


The birth into the world of an infant already infected in utero with tuberculosis is an event of such rarity that the presentation of one further case, which appears to be only the thirteenth recorded in the British Isles, would seem to be justified, especially as the unusual opportunity was afforded of studying the pathological changes at necropsy in both mother and baby. There are three possible routes by which tubercle bacilli may pass from an infected mother to her unborn child. (1) The blood stream of the foetus may be infected from an infected placenta by the passage of organisms through the umbilical vein. In such a case a primary tuberculous complex is usually established in the liver and the lymph nodes of the porta hepatis. It is, however, possible for the organisms to by-pass the liver by way of the ductus venosus and be carried through the right side of the heart to the lung, the primary complex then involving lung and hilar lymph nodes. (2) Infected amniotic fluid may be ingested by the foetus, in which case the primary complex might be expected to involve the intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes. (3) The foetus may aspirate infected amniotic fluid into its lungs resulting in widespread pulmonary infection. This appears to have been the mode of infection in our present case. In assessing previous recorded cases it is necessary to establish certain criteria which must be fulfilled before a certain diagnosis of congenital tuberculosis can be made. The criteria which have been accepted by most authors are those laid down by Beitzke (1935). He maintained that to prove that the tuberculosis is truly congenital the tuberculous nature of the lesions in the infant must be proved. The tuberculous lesions must be present at or within a few days of birth, or a primary tuberculous complex must be found in the liver, or extrauterine infection must be excluded with certainty, the child being immediately separated from the mother and all other sources of tuberculous infection. The literature was reviewed by Beitzke in 1935 when 61 cases of congenital tuberculosis and 40 cases of tuberculous bacillaemia (i.e., cases in which the infant died before there was time for lesions to develop) were accepted. Using the same criteria Hughesdon (1946) accepted a further six cases of congenital tuberculosis and one case of tuberculous bacillaemia from the literature and added her own four cases of congenital tuberculosis. We have been able to find 21 more cases published since that time or not included by the above authors which fulfil Beitzke's criteria (Buchanan, 1946; Pagel and Hall, 1946, 1948; Danjou, 1947; Daamen, 1947; Debre, Furiet-Laforet, and Royer, 1948; Wallgren, 1948; Jordan and Spencer, 1949; Lesne, Cayla, Roche, and Allard, 1949; Aufdermaur, 1947; Martrou and Martrou, 1950; Ballabriga Aguado, 1950; de la Barra and Donoso, 1949; Burgess, 1950; Germain, Andre, and Marty, 1950; Hertzog, Chapman, and Herring, 1949; Smeenk, 1950; Amick, Alden, and Sweet, 1950; Robertson and Sullivan, 1950; Horley, 1952). Other cases of probable congenital tuberculosis which do not seem to us to comply fully with the requirements laid down above have been reported by Dekker-Jonker (1946), Harris, McCullough, Stone, and Brock (1948), Amick, Alden, and Sweet (1950, Case 4), Leroux and Guillet (1950), Wagner (1952), and Harris and Trenchard (1952, Cases 2 and 3). This brings the total number of proved cases of congenital tuberculosis of all types hitherto described in the world's literature to 133. Of these the 12 which have occurred in the British Isles are those of Andrewes (1903), Morley (1929), Price (1937), Davin-Power (1941), Hughesdon (1946), Buchanan (1946), Pagel and Hall (1946, 1948), Jordan and Spencer (1949), and Horley (1952); this last case was also reported by Mason (1954).


Mo/Cu FGM was prepared by bidirectional affused explosive consolidation assemblies associated with self-propagation high-temperature synthesis.The microstructure of Mo/Cu FGM was observed by SEM and the mechanism of explosive consolidation discussed.The relative density of layers in Mo/Cu FGM changed from Mo layer 94.2% to Cu layer 98.4%.The relative density of integral Mo/Cu FGM arrived at 95.5%.The electric-conductivity coefficient of Mo/Cu FGM attained 27% international annealed copper standard(IACS),and the thermal-coefficient of third and fourth layer were 204.76 and 249.71?W·m-1·K-1 respectively.Between the first layer and second layer of Mo/Cu FGM it showed a shearing strength of 214.8?MPa.


After Yang Guang ascended the throne,with fthe country becoming more powerful,he further pursued the opening policy of inviting foreigners and visiting foreign countries to strengthen the relationship with Japan.Japan sent several visiting delegations to china and for the first time in chinese diplomatic history Sui Ynag Emperor accepted Japanese overseas students and sent Pei Shi-qing to pay a return visit to Japan,thus pushed the Chinese-Japanese relationship to a new stage.


The appellants had been convicted of murder, in separate proceedings, and sentenced to death. They had appealed, unsuccessfully, to the Court of Appeal of the Bahamas. They petitioned the Privy Council to be allowed to challenge the requirement that the death penalty was a mandatory sentence following a conviction for murder. The Privy Council remitted the case to the Court of Appeal for reconsideration of the sentences in respect of each defendant. The Court of Appeal took the view that s. 312 of the Criminal Code imposed a mandatory sentence of death for those accused of murder, subject to exceptions which were not applicable in this case. The Court of Appeal viewed this as a sentence fixed by law and, as s. 11 of the Court of Appeal Act excluded appeals where the sentence was fixed by law, it had no jurisdiction to entertain an appeal against the mandatory death sentence. Further, the Court of Appeal took the view that it had no jurisdiction to consider whether the imposition of a mandatory death penalty was unconstitutional because Article 28 of the 1973 Constitution provided for a constitutional challenge to be by a separate application to the Supreme Court, and not in the course of criminal proceedings. The appellants were given special leave to appeal against this judgment. HELD, THE COURT OF APPEAL DID HAVE JURISDICTION TO ENTERTAIN THE ISSUES RAISED BY THE APPELLANTS. The appeals process could be used to consider a constitutional issue: a separate application on a constitutional motion was not an exclusive procedure, as Article 28(1) provides that an application to the Supreme Court is 'without prejudice to any other action with respect to the same matter which is lawfully available'. If the sentence was, on a proper reading of the law, discretionary rather than mandatory, then the court would not be considering a sentence fixed by law. Further, determining whether the mandatory death sentence was constitutional was reviewing the basis on which the sentence was passed (the interpretation of it as mandatory) rather than the sentence itself. The provision in s. 312 of the Criminal Code had to be read in the light of the law as it stood in July 1973, when the new constitution came into force. On a proper construction of the law, the mandatory death penalty was unconstitutional prior to the coming into force of the Constitution in 1973, as it conflicted with the prohibition in the constitution on inhuman treatment in that its mandatory nature meant that it applied disproportionately. It was not saved as an existing law because under the previous constitutions of 1963 and 1969 it was unconstitutional insofar as it imposed a mandatory death penalty on those convicted of murder.


Recent research in real-time scheduling for mixed criticality systems has centered on an event-triggered/prioritydriven approach to scheduling. Current practice in many safetycritical domains, however, favors a time-triggered approach. We present here an effective and flexible approach for applying mode changes for time-triggered systems to handle mixed criticality job sets. It is based on a heuristic search algorithm for constructing schedule tables for the different criticalities: a change of criticality levels results in a change in the schedule table that is being used. The sequence of steps in case of a change of criticality level is known beforehand. We present a search-tree based framework for our heuristic search, and derive a heuristic function for guiding the search that significantly reduces the search space for backtracking by swapping search decisions over several levels in the search tree.


Every consumer consumes varied products from morning to night. Consumer buyer behaviour refers to the buying behaviour of final consumers – individuals and households who buy the goods and services for personal consumption. It is important for a marketing manager to determine how consumer decides – what to buy. In the choice process of the consumers, five stages are generally involved. 1) problem recognition stage, 2) information search process, 3) evaluation of alternatives, 4) actual choice and 5) post purchase process.


Address for Correspondence: Dr S Jaleswara Rao, Professor & Head, Department of Anatomy, Jaipur National University Institute Of Medical Sciences And Research Centre (JNUIMSRC), Jaipur, 302017, State Rajasthan, India E-Mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Background: Human skeleton is an excellent source for genetic, anthropological and forensic investigations. Pelvic bones are very important for sex determination, followed by skull & the long bones. Various parameters and indices are available based on which the sex can be determined using sacrum. These parameters and indices vary region wise also. The sacrum has always attracted the attention of the medico-legal experts for establishing its gender, because of its contribution to pelvic girdle and associated functional gender differences. In present study the sacral index in Eastern Rajasthan population is calculated and compared with the study done earlier in Western Rajasthan & North Indian Population. Objective: To study the Sacral Index in the population of Eastern Rajasthan, so that it can be compared with other studies on populations of Western Rajasthan & other regions of North India. Materials and Methods: Study was carried out in Department of Anatomy, Jaipur National University IMSRC, Jaipur, Rajasthan. Adult, dry sacra were collected randomly from Anatomy department of different Medical colleges of Eastern Rajasthan, with the kind permission of the concerned department. 87 sacra were classified into 48 male and 39 female bones by observing the parameters like – Maximum length of sacrum, Maximum width of sacrum and Sacral index. Results: In this present study Mean of sacral index in Males was 104.39 and that for Females was 121.02. Mean value of Sacral Index in females was significantly higher than in males. Difference between male and female mean was statistically highly significant. Conclusion: It was found after comparison that sacral index is more in females than males in different populations. The comparative analysis with other races showed a clear racial difference for the sacral index. Hence it is a reliable and significant criteria for sex determination of sacrum.


Building a good personal relationship is not only the needs of university students for their growth and development,but also a representation of acceptable personality and healthy mind for the university students.The university students must first of all know how to adapt themselves to a harmonious and balanced mind,and understand the needs of other people in accordance with an accurate principle and method of interpersonal communication.This will help them build a harmonious and effective interpersonal relationship in shortest time when they face new environment and alterations,and hence form a solid basis for their growth and development.


This study investigated the extent administrative staff perceived human resources management in tertiary institutions in South Eastern Nigeria. The focus was on the conduct staff training and development, staff appraisal and promotion. Two research questions guided the study. This study was carried out in South Eastern Nigeria. The study was a descriptive survey. All the government owned tertiary institutions in the area were studied. The population of this study comprised 2083 principal officers, unit heads and senior registry staff from colleges of education, polytechnic and universities in South Eastern Nigeria. A sample size of 336 principal officers, unit heads and senior registry staff colleges of education, polytechnic and universities was selected based on a normal confidence level of 0.05 to determine the sample size using Taro Yamane's formula. Proportionate sampling technique was used. A researcher-developed questionnaire was used in data collection. The instrument was duly validated in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. The reliability of the instrument was obtained a pilot study conducted in South-South, Nigeria. Data got from the pilot study were analyzed using Cronbach alpha. The reliability coefficient was 0.81 Copies of the instrument were administered directly on the respondents by the researcher and with the help of 4 research assistants.


A kind of clustering algorithm for color image segmentation is proposed,choosing HSI representation as the color segmentation space,in the study of H component,the circulation characteristics were full consideration,also the distance of two points and centers of H component is defined. Choosing the most important component of H and I component as segmentation clustering features,using fuzzy membership function depicts the clustering features,at last K-means clustering algorithm is used to segment color image. An experiments is given on bone regional segmentation,and achieve good segmentation results,experimental results shows that the results of the H and I components is superior to the results on a single component of HIS space.