The definition and main characteristics of the steroid hormone receptors are given. One may note a relationship between hormonal receptivity and the physiological changes in the concentration of the receptors in the target organs. The distribution of the various receptors is given in detail showing the existence of (a) different receptors for the same hormone in different target cells; (b) different receptors for different hormones in the same cells; (c) different receptors for the same hormone in the same cell. A new pharmacological approach is proposed based on differentiation of receptivities from which there results a dissociation of the therapeutic effects.


This paper obtains Hölder continuity of the mild solution to a stochastic parabolic equation defined on a bounded domain with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition. The Gaussian noise involved in the equation is white in time and correlated in space. The approach is based on a new Hölder-type estimate for the Green function in the domain.


Reliability and characterization of 850 nm 50 Gbit/s PAM-4 vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are presented. These VCSELs have demonstrated a threshold current of 0.8 mA and a slope efficiency of 0.95 W/A. The maximum optical output power of 9 mW is achieved at a thermal rollover current of 13.5 mA. The optical power is up to 5 mW and the -3dB bandwidth is in excess of 17 GHz at 25°C and 6 mA bias. The current density and power dissipation density are low to 15 kA/cm2 and 25.5 kJ/cm2 , respectively. The standard deviations of photoluminescence peak wavelength and Fabry-Perot cavity wavelength of epitaxial wafer are 0.75 nm and 2.2 nm, respectively. After 1500 h of the reliability study no degradation or failures of the 22 VCSELs are observed at 80°C in a heating chamber at a bias of 6 mA. Considering high optical absorption of DX center, the impurity doping concentration of 3 pairs of N-DBRs that were adjacent to active region are optimized. The additional SiO2 passivation layer not only can provide moisture resistance but also provide a photon lifetime tuning. The output power increases by optimizing thickness of SiO2 layer reducing power dissipation density. Single thin oxide aperture is employed by slowing down the oxidizing rate and improving temperature during a VCSEL oxidation process to thereby reduce stress concentration of an oxidation. Single thin oxide aperture may limit the -3dB bandwidth, but the modulation characteristics can be improved by adopting advanced modulation techniques such as 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4).


A poetic fragment that shows how two rocks facilitated a virtual exchange between mother and son with an accompanying photograph of two rocks.


Review 9,215 Excluded 21,687 Article Review 2,207 Excluded 7,008 Included Articles 101 KQ 1= 58 KQ 2a = 8 KQ 2b= 5 KQ 3 = 1 KQ 4= 0 KQ 5= 2 KQ 6= 21 KQ 7= 2 KQ 8= 5 1 article apply to KQ 2a and KQ 2b Excluded 2,106 Reasons for Exclusion at Article Review Level* No original data = 253 Not conducted in humans = 6 Does not evaluate a population of interest = 976 Treatment of VTE = 135 Comparator drug is not available in the U.S. and intervention arm has no data on subgroup = 26 Subgroup data are not available for our special populations= 713 Case report of known complications of drugs (e.g. Bleeding, HIT) = 11 Not relevant to Key Questions =547 Other = 173 Reasons for Exclusion at Abstract Review Level* No original data = 4150 Does not evaluate a population of interest = 1401 Drug is not available in the U.S. = 207 Not conducted in humans = 77 Treatment of VTE = 557 Not relevant to Key Questions = 3218 Other = 463 Hand search 2,194


According to the structural characters and the working environment of hydraulic concrete structure,it sorts the different common disease,analyses the generating reasons of them,from the aspects of hydrability temperature increase,pouring temperature and surface protection discusses on the temperature control steps of concrete.


The article defines the structure and contents of the components of students' audio-visual culture, gives the description of student-oriented audio-visual culture development technology in musical-pedagogical vocational education


The first room-temperature operation of In/sub 0.5/Ga/sub 0.5/As quantum dot lasers grown directly on Si substrates with a thin (/spl les/2 /spl mu/m) GaAs buffer layer is reported. The devices are characterised by J/sub th//spl sim/1500 A/cm/sup 2/, output power >50 mW, and large T/sub 0/ (244 K) and constant output slope efficiency (/spl ges/0.3 W/A) in the temperature range 5-95/spl deg/C.


The interaction of a fast electron with a photonic crystal is investigated by solving the Maxwell equations exactly for the external field provided by the electron in the presence of the crystal. The energy loss is obtained from the retarding force exerted on the electron by the induced electric field, and the photon emission probability is calculated from the far-field Poynting vector. The features of the energy-loss spectra are shown to be related to the photonic band structure of the crystal. Two different regimes are discussed: for small lattice constants a relative to the wavelength of the associated electron excitations $\ensuremath{\lambda},$ an effective medium theory can be used to describe the material; however, for $a\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{\lambda}$ the photonic band structure plays an important role. Special attention is paid to the frequency gap regions in the latter case.


Tapered end mills are indispensable cutters for machining of inclined surface with conventional type of numerical controlled machine tools, for instance side surface of mold and die. But, the cutter deflection problem of tapered end mills has not been analized. This paper therefore tries to analyze cutter deflection by statical load based on flexural rigidity of cutter and aims at presenting basic data on tool design and improvement of cutting method. The main results are as follows: (1) Flexural rigidity and equivalent diameter of tapered end mill are calculated by cross-sections of the tool. And the model consists of truncated cones is generated in order to calculate a deflection of the tapered end mill. (2) Calculating method of deflection of the center axis of the truncated cones model by statical load are shown. (3) Deflection curve of the cutter axis by statical load on end of the tool is calculated, and obtained following results. (i) In case of 4 teeth, the maximum deflection of the tool for one-half of tapered angle α=2° is smaller than that for α=3°. But the maximum values of tapered end mills are about 35% for α=2° and 29% for a=3°greater than that of assumed square end mills. (ii) In case of 2 teeth, the deflection changes depend on the direction of load, and maximum value is about 1.5 times the minimum value. But the range of fluctuation of deflection decreases about one-half for α=2° and 3° with increase of helix angle from 24° to 45° respectively.


Inhibitors of HCV replication of formula (I) including stereochemically isomeric forms, and salts, hydrates, solvates thereof, wherein R and R' have the meaning as defined herein. The present invention also relates to processes for preparing said compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use in HCV therapy.


Context. The spin state of ten asteroids in the Koronis family has previously been determined. Surprisingly, all four asteroids with prograde rotation were shown to have spin axes nearly parallel in the inertial space. All asteroids with retrograde rotation had large obliquities and rotation periods that were either short or long. The Yarkovsky-O'Keefe-Radzievskii-Paddack (YORP) effect has been demonstrated to be able to explain all these peculiar facts. In particular, the effect causes the spin axes of the prograde rotators to be captured in a secular spin-orbit resonance known as Cassini state 2, a configuration dubbed "Slivan state". Aims. It has been proposed based on an analysis of a sample of asteroids in the Flora family that Slivan states might also exist in this region of the main belt. This is surprising because convergence of the proper frequency s and the planetary frequency s6 was assumed to prevent Slivan states in this zone. We therefore investigated the possibility of a long-term stable capture in the Slivan state in the inner part of the main belt and among the asteroids previously observed. Methods. We used the swift integrator to determine the orbital evolution of selected asteroids in the inner part of the main belt. We also implemented our own secular spin propagator into the swift code to efficiently analyze their spin evolution. Results. Our experiments show that the previously suggested Slivan states of the Flora-region asteroids are marginally stable for only a small range of the flattening parameter ∆. Either the observed spins are close to the Slivan state by chance, or additional dynamical effects that were so far not taken into account change their evolution. We find that only the asteroids with very low-inclination orbits (lower than '4◦, for instance) could follow a similar evolution path as the Koronis members and be captured in their spin state into the Slivan state. A greater number of asteroids in the inner main-belt Massalia family, which are at a slightly larger heliocentric distance and at lower inclination orbits than in the Flora region, may have their spin in the Slivan state.


Executive Overview Employees at all levels are susceptible to the career blues, which occur when their work is rated good enough, but they devote neither all their time at work nor talents to their work. Their energy for work and efforts toward it are low, they do not have a positive attitude about work, and their aspirations lie elsewhere. This article presents a TEA2 diagnosis tool for determining the existence of the career blues. The framework consists of six attributes: time, talent, energy, effort, attitude, and aspiration. The concept of resonance is discussed at length as a novel approach to preempting the career blues, and to elevating one's work experience. Identifying resonance in one's life and recreating it at work is a powerful means for enjoying work more and being better at it. As a manager, conversations with employees about the blues and about resonance can be very beneficial in creating engaged employees where good enough is not enough.


The purpose of this titling work is to enhance the monument and local pre-existence in the Panecillo sector, by using architectural elements like circulation and paths. The project focuses on monuments such as the Virgen del Panecillo and La Olla. Also at local pre-existences, such as artisanal and gastronomic shops. The project proposes the transformation of local pre-existences and therefore the way in which the user currently relates to existing monuments...


As the third contribution in the 'Land' section, this paper explores the interactions between institutional credibility and epistemic diversity within grassland management in China's Inner Mongolia and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. It proceeds in two steps. First, a literature review ascertains that privatization of grassland use rights in Inner Mongolia is contested by a local predisposition for pastoral mobility. Advances in rangeland ecology validate the need for mobility, thus highlighting how pastoralists and policymakers have been evaluating the grasslands not only from unequal positions of power but also on epistemologically contradictory terms. Secondly, through a case study of two villages in Ningxia, it is demonstrated that – under equal circumstances of a Grazing Ban – the rural community that uses grassland primarily as a resource to be converted to agricultural production (thus posing a heavier use on grassland) perceives ecological improvement. Contradictorily, the community that is grassland-dependent for herding or opportunistic dryland farming, and is hampered in that use by land degradation prevention policies, does not perceive improvement. The diverging perceptions of degradation among semi-pastoralist communities examined in this study suggest a more participatory approach towards institution-making can bring closer the knowledge and environmental perceptions of various actors, thus opening up opportunities for more credible institutional arrangements.


Designers working at microwave frequencies have a long list of circuit-board materials to choose from, some tailored for specific applications, such as amplifiers and antennas.


The present study examined peer nominations of pupils in Grades 3-6 (9-12-year-olds) for aggressive and victimization behaviors in relation to peer group sociometric status (popular, average, rejected) and number of mutual friends (reciprocal nominations). Rejected children, relative to other children, were perceived as higher both in aggression and in being victimized (both physically and verbally) and had the smallest number of mutual friends. In addition, the mutual friends of rejected status boys were perceived as higher in being victimized than were the friends of other children. Neither level of aggression nor level of victimization predicted number of mutual friendships. However, significant positive correlations for both aggressive and victimization behaviors were revealed between popular and average status children and their mutual friends, and these congruences were not found between rejected status children and their mutual friends. This research highlights the complexity and importance of evaluating the form and function of social behaviors within multiple levels of children's peer social relationships.


In his excellent study of medieval Italian society, Hyde makes a thought-provoking comparison of 'the Italians of the age of Dante' with the humanists of a later generation. The former he sees as distinguished by 'a sense of continuity with the past and with other parts of the Catholic world' from the humanists who 'concentrated on what was close at hand, digging deep rather than spreading wide, so that their world revolved around central Italy.' It is not my intention here to dispute this assertion, but to use it to stimulate reflection on the nature of Italian self-awareness in the early renaissance period, in the light of a further contrast between Hyde's two ages which he does not himself emphasise.


In this paper, a novel longitudinally magnetized cylindrical ferrite coupled line (CFCL) junction is proposed. In comparison to planar ferrite coupled line (FCL) conflgurations, which are well known in literature, in such structure the higher gyromagnetic coupling occurs. This allows to obtain the required in FCL devices Faraday rotation angle …=4 for the ferrite with shorter length and lower value of magnetization. As a result the total insertion losses in the ferrite section can be reduced using the proposed topology. In the analysis of the proposed CFCL junction a hybrid technique combining method of moments and coupled mode method (MoM/CMM) is applied. The results are compared with the ones obtained from commercial software HFSS and a good agreement is obtained.


A new series of ciprofloxacin hybrid compounds as new type of antimicrobial agents were synthesized and evaluated for antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.


Modern spaceborne SAR sensors like TerraSAR-X offer ground resolution of up to one meter in range and azimuth direction. Buildings, roads, bridges, and other man-made structures appear in such data often as regular patterns of strong and temporally stable points (Persistent Scatterer, PS). As one step in the process of unveiling what object structure actually causes the PS (i.e., physical nature) we present a two-dimensional production system which aggregates PS to lattices corresponding to the vertical and horizontal alignment of windows at multilevel building facades. Due to the similar oblique sensing geometry, facades are also visible in oblique aerial images with much higher resolution. Ideally advantages of both sensors can be combined (e.g., weather independence for SAR and high-resolution for optical images). The fusion of both sensors needs a high level of abstraction due to the different type of data. A common representation for facades are lattices which we extract in optical as well as in SAR data. The comparison show strong similarity and serve as a first step towards unveiling the physical nature of PS via lattice matching of data coming from different sensors. The biggest remaining obstacle is the transformation of the sensor's imaging geometry into a common coordinate system.


Objective To learn about the sensitivity of the Yangtze vole (Microtus fortis) to warfarin, and control efficiently its damage. Methods The voles were captured on the lake bank or the beach nearby and divided into 5 groups which was provided wafarin baits for 1 d, 2 d, 4 d, 6 d and 8 d respectively. The relation of the feeding period and the mortality was observed and analyzed, and the sexual differentiation was compared. Results There is no significant difference between male and female voles, and the evaluated values of LFP50, LFP98, LFP99 (with 95% confidence interval) were 2.51(2.24-2.81)d, 25.08(21.76-28.91)d and 29.37(25.25-34.17)d respectively. Conclusion It was suggested the vole had resistance to warfarin if they still survived after feeding on 0.002% warfarin for 29 d or 30 d.


. Shortening lead times in a business process is important for meetings service level agreements, decreasing inventories and working capital, keeping customers satisfied and in short: staying in business. Process mining methods make it possible to generate a large amount of transaction event data and case attributes that are useful for analysing lead times. However, finding root causes for long lead times is not so straight-forward with current process mining methods. In this paper we extend our prevously presented influence analysis methodology by providing alternative treatment for continuous target variables like lead times and making it possible to give weights for each process case. We extend our contribution measure by presenting the definitions for binary/continuous as well as weighted/non-weighted needs. Using a publicly available real-life case study from Rabobank's service desk process we demonstrate the effect of using either continuous or binary approach combined with possible weighting.


A1.5 time enhancement of a 2.0 μm emission was achieved successfully in Yb3+/Ho3+ doped silica-germanate glass with a 0.1 mol% Ce3+ addition, which possesses a larger emission cross section (4.43 × 10−21 cm2). According to the measured absorption spectra, the Judd-Ofelt parameters and radiative properties were calculated and discussed. The energy transfer mechanisms existed in Ho3+, Yb3+ and Ce3+ ions were investigated based on absorption, upconversion and fluorescence spectra. Meanwhile, the decay profiles of several levels were measured to further examine the enhanced mid-infrared emissions. Moreover, a high energy transfer microscopic parameter (7.54 × 10−40cm6/s) of Yb3+→Ho3+ process was obtained when 0.1 mol% Ce3+ ions were introduced into the Ho3+/Yb3+ system. All results indicate that the Yb3+/Ho3+/Ce3+ tri-doped silica-germanate glass is a promising candidate material for improving the Ho3+ 2.0 μm fiber laser performance.


The behaviors of the nonlinear dipole vortex in the drift unstable plasma are studied by numerical approaches. Model equations used in numerical simulation are derived from two-fluid model and are composed of two equations with respect to the electrostatic potential and the density perturbation. When the initial dipole vortex is inclined at some angle with respect to the direction of the drift velocity, the dipole vortex oscillates or rotates in the first stage. These phenomenon also happen in the stable system. In the second stage, one part of the dipole vortex grows and another decays because of the destabilization. The shrunk vortex rotates around the enlarged vortex. Consequently, a monopole vortex appears out of the dipole vortex.


Feature reduction reduces the dimensionality of a database and selects more informative features by removing the irrelevant features. Selecting features in unsupervised learning scenarios is a harder problem than supervised feature selection due to the absence of class labels that would guide the search for relevant features. PSO is an evolutionary computation technique which finds global optimum solution in many applications. Rough set is a powerful tool for data reduction based on dependency between attributes. This work combines the benefits of both PSO and rough sets. This paper describes a novel Unsupervised PSO based Quick Reduct (US-PSO-QR) for feature selection which employs a population of particles existing within a multi-dimensional space. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with the existing unsupervised feature selection methods and the efficiency is measured by using K-Means Clustering and Rough K-Means Clustering.


THIs PAPER presents definite comparisons of a few representative sphagnum bogs of the Atlantic coast region, the interior region,.and the Pacific coast region. The development of these bogs is discussed in the light of studies of development in other sphagnum bogs in these regions by the writer and other workers. During the past twenty-five years the writer has studied the development of about 100 bogs of the Pacific coast from northern California to western Alaska. During April, May, and June, 1935, he visited about 30 bogs in Maine, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Ohio, Wisconsin, and Minnesota and made fairly detailed studies of ten of them. The work has consisted of (1) a study of the flora of each bog and of the area immediately surrounding it, (2) boring enough holes in each bog with a peat borer to secure data for making a profile, including the material on which the bog rests, and (3) a determination of the nature of the surface material surrounding it. The Atlantic coast bogs selected for the comparisons are located in Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and New Jersey. The interior bogs selected are in Minnesota and Ohio. The Pacific coast bogs selected are in Alaska, Washington, and British Columbia. Raised sphagnum bogs are common in eastern Canada, eastern Maine, and along the Alaska coast, and there is at least one in Minnesota. Flat sphagnum bogs are common on both coasts and also in the interior. Since the course of development in the raised bogs is somewhat different from that in the flat bogs, it is best to present the regional comparisons of the two types separately. DESCRIPTIONS OF RAISED SPHAGNUM BOGS.-The most typical raised bogs of the Pacific coast that have been seen by the writer occur in southeastern Alaska, and two of these are selected for the regional comparison. Juneau Bog, located near Juneau, has been described by the writer (Rigg, 1937). It is a three-layered bog (sedge, wood, and sphagnum), lying in a saucer-shaped depression and having a small stream originating from it by three branches. The convexity is entirely due to the growth of sphagnum.


Earthquake-resistant design of earth retaining structures like retaining walls, earth dams and foundations are very important problems to minimize the devastating effect of earthquake hazards. In this paper a comprehensive review for different methods to calculate seismic earth pressures and their point of applications is shown. Numerical example shows the merit of a displacement-based analysis over force-based analysis by considering a permissible displacement of the wall.Modification of IS code for seismic design of retaining wall is proposed. Merits and demerits of several design and analytical procedures for earthen dam and foundations under seismic conditions are provided in this paper.


In a field inspection of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in July,2009,soil samples of a seasonal lake were collected in Yadong-Shigatse in the south of the Plateau,a place 4,480m above the sea level.A spectral test was carried out of the soil with FieldSpec3 of ASD Company.Meanwhile,a component testing was executed in the laboratory to analyze and study the soil reflection spectrum characteristics and the relationship between organic matter,iron and contents of water soluble salts in the soil.Organic matter content had no influence on the soil spectral characteristics but it did influence the spectral reflectance.The correlation coefficient between iron and the reciprocal reflectance reached its maximum(-0.911 4*) when the iron was between 1960 and 2 040 nm.The reflectance characteristics of water soluble salts to the soil showed a significant negative correlation as the wavelength increased,especially in wave bands of 1 940-1 980 nm and 2 390-2 460 nm.When the content of the water soluble salts reached ≥50%,the reflection spectrum curve presented a strong absorption from 1 400 nm;and before the later reflectance was obviously lower than 1 400 nm.The absorption valley caused by the adsorbed water and hydroxyl in the soil became more obvious at 1 400 nm and 1 950 nm.In the soil,the influences of iron and water soluble salts on the reflection spectrum characteristics were highly consistent.Iron was the major element of the water soluble salt.


Cylindrical waste canisters placed horizontally in the underground drifts of a nuclear repository will emit decay heat by convection to the surrounding air and by radiation heat transfer. In drifts with no forced air circulation, natural convection about the waste canisters will play an important role in controlling the temperature distribution inside the canisters and on the drift wall. Experiments were conducted to visualize the flow about model canisters and to measure the steady-state temperature distribution about the canister. The results show an enhancement in heat transfer when compared to heat flow between infinitely long eccentric horizontal cylinders. A discussion of the observed flow regimes as a function of Rayleigh number is provided to describe the various experimental results.


Abstract
 This chapter provides information on the importance, growing areas, plant development, cropping system, postharvest and product valorization of parsley (Petroselinum crispum).


Rheology of pigment dispersions which are useful improvements in forming a solvent-based paint compositions are disclosed. Dispersion comprises a copolymer pigment dispersant having at least one quaternary ammonium functional groups, a pigment having a pH of less than 7.0, and an organic liquid carrier. Dispersions are particularly useful for forming colored exterior finish for automobiles and trucks.


Hydrogenation using palladium-based (Pd-based) catalysts has emerged as a promising treatment method for nitrate in drinking water. However, low catalytic activity and longevity can be a barrier to widespread adoption over conventional treatment methods. Controlling catalyst structure at the molecular scale is one approach to improving catalytic activity and longevity. Intermetallic p alladium-gold nanoparticle (PdAu NP) alloy catalysts of varying composition were synthesized for nitrite reduction using a polyol reduction method and microwave-assisted heating . The average size of PdAu NPs was 4.1 ± 2.2 nm. Enhanced nitrite reduction has been previously observed for Pd combined with Au in a core-shell NP structure, but has not been studied for intermetallic PdAu alloy NPs. Moreover, the mechanism by which Au enhances Pd-catalyzed nitrite reduction is not well understood. The PdAu NPs were loaded into an amorphous silica support and evaluated for nitrite reduction in a batch reactor. Reaction followed pseudo first-order kinetics for greater than 80% of conversion. Catalyst activity showed volcano-like behavior with varying composition, with the highest activity observed for a Pd:Au molar ratio of 55:45


NADH-based fluorescence method was developed to enumerate and differentiate lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The growths of LAB were determined at −1.5–30 °C in MRS medium and kimchi juice. LAB growths were measured by viable cell counting and measuring culture turbidity (A600) and NADH fluorescence at 460 nm (F460). Each LAB strain had a unique F460 value at different growth temperatures. Based on the F460 values of LAB strains cultivated at different temperatures, LAB were identified and counted at the species and genus levels in MRS medium and kimchi juice. The fluorescence method was also used to measure changes in LAB dynamics during kimchi fermentation. Obvious increases in F460 values were observed for kimchi samples with LAB counts of > 8 log CFU mL, except for Weissella koreensis. Our results indicate that the devised NADH fluorescence method can be used to determine the progress of kimchi fermentation and LAB growths during kimchi storage.


The aerodynamic drag of an arrow is of importance in relation to the arrow's drift in wind and to its down-range velocity. A significant contributor to that drag is the viscous drag from the arrow shaft, and consequently the nature of air flow over the arrow point and the location of the transition from laminar to turbulent flow are of interest. In this paper the flow was investigated using a scale model in a water channel for two arrow point profiles and for circumferential gaps at the rear of the arrow point. The normal 'bullet point' was found to have laminar flow along the front of the shaft and transition at a Reynolds number of approximately 450,000, and that circumferential gaps did not affect the flow. The frequently used 'short bulge point' was found to have flow separation at the rear taper of the point and turbulent flow for the full length of the shaft, which would be expected to result in greater drag than for the bullet point or for a bulge point with less aggressive rear taper.


An investigation of elevated concentrations of nickel and chromium in certain ground water samples collected at Williams Air Force Base (AFB) indicated that type 304 stainless steel well materials are the source. Chloride in the ground water has apparently caused crevice corrosion of the stainless steel well screens installed during site characterization. An evaluation of site geochemistry suggested that chromium released from the well screen would precipitate, while nickel would remain dissolved. Thus, low-flow purging and sampling significantly reduces the chromium found in the ground water samples because such sampling minimizes the collection of artificially entrained particulates. In contrast to chromium, nickel concentrations did not decrease during low-flow purging and sampling, indicating that it is dissolved. Nickel and chromium concentrations are both low following high-volume purging when turbidity levels are stabilized below 10 nephelometric turbidity units prior to sampling. In the latter case, chromium concentration is low because particulate collection is minimized, and nickel concentration is low because of increased dilution. Based on these results, it is recommended that elevated levels of nickel and chromium in ground water samples collected from stainless steel monitoring wells be carefully evaluated, because well materials may be the source. In addition, although low-volume purgingmore » is increasingly becoming the sampling method of choice, high-volume purging may be a useful means of determining whether the well materials influence nickel and chromium concentrations.« less


A voltage-source finite-element model of high-temperature superconducting tapes is presented in this paper. This model is a combined model built on both MATLAB and COMSOL, and it is used to study the overcurrent characteristics of non-uniform HTS tapes. The electrical parameters, magnetic distribution, and temperature distribution are separately calculated by different software. The temperature, magnetic flux intensity, and generated heat are set as the intermediate exchange variables. The model accuracy is calibrated and verified by short-circuit experiments of a uniform five-turn HTS solenoid. Then, the basic model is expanded and used to simulate the overcurrent characteristics of nonuniform HTS tapes. Conclusions are provided by considering both simulation and experimental results from these non-uniform tapes, and the results of this study can be used for the design of superconducting devices.


Hospitals will be liable for the non-causations and no medical error between medical action and the injury after April 1, 2002. Then, Supreme Court's Rules about Evidences of Civil Action will be carried out. Meanwhile, hospitals are indignant about it and patients applauded. Finally, State Council issued Rules for Dealing with Medical malpractice. The last published is in 1987 and have been changed greatly. So, it is a turning point for dealing with medical malpractice in China in 2002.


Aim:  Altered regulation of adiponectin and leptin may be relevant to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular complications in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis.


Abstract Background: A wide uterocervical angle >95° detected during the second trimester was associated with an increased risk for spontaneous preterm birth. Objective: We aimed to determine whether an ultrasonographic marker, uterocervical angle, correlates with satisfactory response to labor induction. Study design: We conducted a prospective cohort study from May 2016 through December 2017 of singleton term gestations undergoing transvaginal ultrasound for cervical length screening and uterocervical angle measurement. Uterocervical angle was measured between the lower uterine segment and the cervical canal. Latent phase duration >720 min was accepted to be a prolonged latent phase. The primary outcome was a prediction of satisfactory response to labor induction (latent phase duration <720 min). Results: Both anterior uterocervical angle (AUC = 0.802, p < .001) and the cervical length (AUC = 0.679, p < .05) significantly predicted satisfactory response to labor induction. Optimal cutoff value was obtained at the value of 97° (64% sensitivity, 91% specificity) for anterior uterocervical angle and 27 mm (64% sensitivity, 64% specificity) for the cervical length. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that duration from labor induction to delivery was significantly higher in a group with longer cervical length (p = .04), additionally labor induction to delivery time was significantly higher in a group with lower UCA (p = .04). Conclusions: Both the cervical length and anterior uterocervical length were predictors for the satisfactory response to labor induction, and both parameters were found to be significantly associated with time from induction to delivery in survival analysis.


Aim. To analyze nephroscintigraphy kidney functional state in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the background of chronic pyelonephritis (CRF) in combination with arterial hypertension (AH). Materials and methods. 81 patients with chronic kidney disease on the background of arterial hypertension and chronic pyelonephritis in the phase of incomplete clinical and laboratory remission were included in the research. Age varied from 25 to 60 years old (average age was 46 ± 9.0 years). The study was performed on the basis of Tyumen railway hospital and Tyumen state medical University multidisciplinary clinic. Results. In patients with CKD, caused by chronic pyelonephritis, and AH in the initial stage of the disease, we found that secretory phase is preserved. At the same time, the urinary tract excretory phase is elongated in both kidneys. Conclusion. In this category of patients with the initial stages of CKD, there is an excretion disorder in both kidneys, which may probably be associated with sclerosis in the urinary tract paries, that takes place in the conditions of a chronic inflammatory process.


The cases of rhabdomyolysis induced by lipid-lowering therapy in three patients with end-stage renal failure undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) are presented. In most of the cases, the diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis was not problematic regarding their typical clinical symptoms and laboratory examinations. One patient, presumably due to diabetic neuropathy, did not experience typical muscle pain but only asthenia, abdominal pain and an enhanced serum kinase creatine level. Lipid-lowering drug cessation and intensifi cation of the CAPD scheme were eff ective in all the cases. In certain cases LDL-apheresis was required. The high frequency of lipid disturbances and an enhanced cardio-vascular risk among CADO patients are reasons for the wide-spread use of lipid-lowering agents in this group of patients. Analysis of potential drug interactions, and diagnostic alertness (with watchful observation of atypical symptoms) are required because of the possibility of rhabdomyolysis occurrence as a side eff ect of this method. Interruption of lipid-lowering therapy with intensifi cation of the peritoneal dialysis scheme are suffi ciently eff ective treatment of iatrogenic rhabdomyolysis among CAPD patients. Persistent hyperlipidaemia with an individual's predisposition to myolysis after diff erent lipid-lowering agents remain a therapeutic problem.


Two more ferns, Cladophlebis medlicottiana (Oldham) Pascoe and Sphenopteris sp., are described from the Lower Cretaceous (Jabalpur Stage) of Madhya Pradesh which form a part of the studies on the fossil ferns of this region undertaken by me (Sukh-Dev, 1970). In the first paper of this series Gleichenia nordenskioldii Heer (Gleicheniaceae). Phlebopteris polypodioides Brongniart (Matoniaceae) and Weichselia reticulata (Stokes & Webb) Ward were described The specimens are deposited in the Museum of the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow.


Primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes were incubated (6 to 96 hr) with 50 to 150 mmol/L ethanol, 0.5 mmol/L linoleate, 0.5 mmol/L palmitate, 0.5 mmol/L 4‐methylpyrazole, 0 to 25 μmol/L vitamin E phosphate or selected combinations of these agents. Agent‐dependent changes in liver cell viability (AST release and reduction of 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)−2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and function (phospholipid peroxidation, hydrolysis, biosynthesis and triacylglycerol biosynthesis) were determined. The influence of ethanol on liver cell function and viability was dose and incubation time dependent. Short periods (24 hr or less) of exposure to 100 mmol/L ethanol increased liver cell triacylglycerol biosynthesis and phospholipid hydrolysis, peroxidation and biosynthesis without altering cell viability. However, longer periods (72 hr or more) of exposure to 100 or 150 mmol/L ethanol resulted in significant reductions (30 to 50) in cell viability, function and phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis and content. The ethanol‐dependent decreases in cell function and viability were potentiated by linoleate and reduced by vitamin E phosphate, palmitate and 4‐methylpyrazole. These results suggest that ethanol‐induced liver cell injury in vitro is not a result of ethanol per se, but factors such as acetaldehyde or oxyradicals produced as a consequence of ethanol metabolism. Therefore the incubation of cultured hepatocytes with ethanol may be an appropriate model in vitro for determining the mechanisms by which ethanol intake disrupts liver cell function in vivo. (Hepatology 1994;19:174–182).


It is widely accepted that innovation is precursor to competitiveness and growth. It is also believed that the innovative performance of a country is linked with its investments in R&D. Driven by such thinking, the devolved government of Scotland, spends considerable resources on promoting R&D in Scotland. This paper examines wide-ranging evidence, including that published by the Scottish Government, to show that innovation performance of businesses in Scotland is independent of its R&D expenditure and that Scotland cannot hope to become a more competitive region by spending more on R&D. There is thus a need of rethinking on innovation strategy in Scotland.


The article is gives the analysis of the relationship between political authority and legal science in modern Russian society, detects main problems and ways to increase their efficiency.


for the future of doping policy in cycling. Notwithstanding the novelty, the diverse content, and the thoroughness of the reported historical work, some critical remarks are possible. Whereas I really enjoyed reading the volume introduction of co-editor John Gleaves in which he presents the forthcoming chapters and makes an impassioned plea to historians to return to primary sources, a general discussion at the very end of the volume is lacking. The absence of such a discussion is a missed opportunity, as it could have highlighted certain strengths and limitations, and avenues for future research. Moreover, although all of the authors are without any doubt high-quality and eminent scholars, the universities they represent are geographically limited to North America, Europe, and Australia. Next to the one chapter covering the story of the Japanese swimmers during the Olympics in 1932, I expected additional empirical work on doping in Asia, Oceania, and Africa to really turn this volume into what it aims to be: a global history of doping in sport. While I certainly understand that editors of a special issue are dependent on the (quality of the) response they receive on their call for submissions, the presence of contributors and contributions belonging to other parts of the globe would have further enhanced the richness of the volume. In sum, the edited volume is a must-read publication for everyone interested in the history of doping, presenting interesting new knowledge. Furthermore, the accessible and detailed way in which all chapters are written adds to the likeliness that the volume will attract a broad audience. However, some additions could arguably have turned this volume into an even more impressive publication.


At first, we solve a problem of finding a risk-minimizing hedging strategy on a general market with ratings. Next, we find a solution to this problem on Markovian market with ratings on which prices are influenced by additional factors and rating, and behavior of this system is described by SDE driven by Wiener process and compensated Poisson random measure and claims depend on rating. To find a tool to calculate hedging strategy we prove a Feynman-Kac type theorem. This result is of independent interest and has many applications, since it enables to calculate some conditional expectations using related PIDE's. We illustrate our theory on two examples of market. The first is a general exponential L\'{e}vy model with stochastic volatility, and the second is a generalization of exponential L\'{e}vy model with regime-switching.


All the contributors to this collection of papers are concerned, from widely differing perspectives, with the ways in which the values embodied in a health-care system conflict, and the problems of choice that arise. Most of them focus on the NHS, from a domestic or North American perspective. Only three broaden out the debate. Disappointingly, the individual essays do not add up to a book, although some of them are useful and thought-provoking. Although many of the papers seem to have been produced for seminars, there is no record of any exchange of ideas, no attempt to drive the discussion forward beyond the Tavistock principles, which is more or less where the thinking about values ends up. But these principles, like the statement of values in the NHS Plan, are in the nature of bland rhetorical statements that are themselves conflicting, as Professor Alan Williams comments at the end. If they are to be of help in clarifying what is at issue in an operational context they need to be thought through and applied to real life situations. This is a pity, as several contributors raise questions of great importance, any one of which would have merited fuller exploration. The central assumption throughout is that whatever list of values/principles one starts with, there are inevitable incompatibilities that necessitate difficult choices and decisions. The two keywords are trade-offs and transparency. In one of the most interesting chapters, entitled Managing disappointment in health care , two Americans, Professors Jim Sabin and Norman Daniels, describe the problems of determining and explaining policy in two very different instances, the availability of Viagra in an HMO and developing a culture of accountability in the purchasing and management of mental health services in Massachusetts (where there is substantial public sector involvement in the provision of services). They also analyse the differing approaches adopted by two large organizations to the funding of last-chance treatments, using the child B case as an example. They conclude that what they characterize as accountability for reasonableness in determining the best trade-off of competing demands and priorities in a specific situation can help to improve both the quality and the acceptability of the allocation decision that has to be made. Measured against this study of the application of principles in practice the work on organizational values in the NHS sponsored by the King's Fund has not yet got far, being still mainly at the stage of sorting out linguistic confusions and encouraging reflective questioning about organisational principles and objectives among groups of staff in the participating Trusts. This is not a criticism. Building a coherent way of handling choices and dilemmas within an organization takes time. But, and it is a big but, there must be serious doubts as to how far the open, painstaking approach that Sabin and Daniels outline would or indeed could get in the NHS of 2003. To succeed, an organisation seeking to involve the public in making


The methodofelectromagnetic interference fringes forthe prospecting ofconductive subsurfaces inside theearth isreviewed. The fields radiated byanelectrically small horizontal loopsituated onthe earth's surface arederived andexpressed interms ofdifferent interfer- ingwavecomponents. Thevariable distance interference fringes (VDIF) methodandthevariable frequency interference (VFIF)methodof prospecting areconsidered, andaninterpretation procedure using the dataobtained frombothmethods issuggested.


This article examines the role of statistics in the age of information technology (IT). It begins by examining the current state of IT and of the cyberinfrastructure initiative aimed at integrating the technologies into science, engineering, and education to convert massive amounts of data into useful information. Selected applications from science and text processing are introduced to provide concrete examples of massive data sets and the statistical challenges that they pose. The thriving field of machine learning is reviewed as an example of current achievements driven by computations and IT. Ongoing challenges that we face in the IT revolution are also highlighted. The paper concludes that for the healthy future of our field, computer technologies have to be integrated into statistics, and statistical thinking in turn must be integrated into computer technologies.


We describe the surgical technique of managing a case of massive subretinal hemorrhage (SRH) using tissue plasminogen activator [tPA], followed by vitrectomy and SRH drainage.


About the Author. Preface. Acknowledgments. 1. Introduction. 2. Asset Utilization Measurements. 3. Operating Performance Measurements. 4. Cash Flow Measurements. 5. Liquidity Measurements. 6. Capital Structure and Solvency Measurements. 7. Return on Investment Measurements. 8. Market Performance Measurements. 9. Measurements for the Accounting/Finance Department. 10. Measurements for the Engineering Department. 11. Measurements for the Human Resources Department. 12. Measurements for the Logistics Department. 13. Measurements for the Production Department. 14. Measurements for the Sales and Marketing Department. 15. Measurement Analysis with an Electronic Spreadsheet. Appendix. Measurement Summary. Glossary. Index.


Objective To measure the organ weight and calculate organ coefficient of db/db and +/db mice.Methods 2-3 month old db/db 20 and +/db20 mice,26 mice in each group,were used in this experiment.The weight of various organs was measured using a Sartorius BP121S electronic balance.Results Between female db/db and +/db mice,the heart and spleen weight showed significant difference(P0.05),the liver,kidney,brain,pancreas,adrenal and uterus weight showed very significant difference(P0.01).Between male db/db and +/db mice,the liver,brain and testis weights showed very significant difference(P0.01).Between db/db and +/db mice,the coefficient of liver and lung had significant difference(P0.05),the coefficient of spleen,brain,pancreas,uterus and testis showed very significant difference(P0.01). Between female and male db/db mice,the heart,kidney,pancreas and adrenal weight had very significant difference(P0.01),the liver weight had significant difference(P0.05);but similar weight of the spleen and lung(P0.05).Between female and male +/db mice,the kidney weight had very significant difference(P0.01),the pancreas weight had significant difference(P0.05),but no significant difference was seen in other organs(P0.05).Conclusion The weight of some main organs and organ coefficient in db/db,+/db and same genotype different gender mice are significantly different.


Objective To compare and observe the efficacy and toxicity of FOLFOX4 regimen and XELOX regimen in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer.Methods 68 patients with colorectal cancer were divided into FOLFOX4 group and XELOX group.40 cases of FOLFOX4 group: Oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 as a 2-hour infusion in the first day and a 2-hour infusion of LV 200 mg/m2 followed by a 5-Fu 400 mg/m2 bolus and 600 mg/m2 22-hour infusion for 2 consecutive days every 2 weeks,every 4 weeks was a cycle.28 cases of XELOX group: Oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 as a 2-hour infusion in the first day,Capecitabin was orally given at a dose of 1 000 mg/m2,twice a day for two weeks,every 3 weeks or 4 weeks was a cycle.Efficacy of the two groups was evaluated at 2 cycles.Results In 40 cases of FOLFOX4 group,there were 0 case(0) of CR,16 cases(40.00%) of PR,18 cases(45.00%) of SD,6 cases(15.00%) of PD,the response rate(RR) was 40.00%,the clinical benefit rate(CBR) was 85.00%,TTP was(8.59±0.43) months.Meanwhile in the 28 cases of XELOX group,there were 0 case(0) of CR,10 cases(35.71%) of PR,14 cases(50.00%) of SD,4 cases(14.29%) of PD,RR was 35.71%,CBR was 85.71%,TTP was(7.20±0.39) months.Significant differences were found in TTP between two groups(P 0.05).The incidence of bone marrow toxicity,nausea vomiting of FOLFOX4 group were higher than those of XELOX group(P 0.05),but peripheral nerve toxicity,and hand-foot syndrome of XELOX group were higher than those of FOLFOX4 group(P 0.05).The toxicity reactions of both groups could be recovered and tolerated.No correlated chemotherapy death occurred in all patients.Conclusion FOLFOX4 regimen and XELOX regimen are effective regimens for treating advanced colorectal cancer.Nevertheless,overall response rate of FOLFOX4 is higher than XELOX,and TTP is significantly longer than XELOX.The toxicity reactions of the two groups show different,while all can be tolerated.It is suggested that advanced colorectal cancer may choose FOLFOX4 regimen first,in which,the aged cases with weak constitution may choose XELOX regimen.


Data Warehouse epitomizes an assortment of databases that originate from diverse foundations. They are cohesive within the organization and are employed for incapacitating glitches and furnishing with apposite pronouncements. Data Warehouse encompasses diversity of information which proffers a comprehensible image of the concern's fiscal circumstances at any specific instant. Data Warehouse safekeeping is an imperious functionality that entails upkeep and attention of exertions, since the information is stowed in a solitary setting.

Data Mart is an unpretentious form of Data Warehouse, which is engrossed on a solitary theme (Purposeful zone). Data Marts are habitually constructed and controlled by a solitary division within an organization.

The proposed work induces attention towards Data Mart safekeeping as well as safeguarding Data Warehouse. Integration of proposed Authentication Algorithm for end user data navigation in Data Warehouse has been comprehensively ensured through the projected work as well. It not only safeguards solitary Data Mart but additional autonomous Data Marts also, operating in parallel with other reliant Data Marts dwelling in the Data Warehouse.

Correlated utilization of the projected work is in a miscellany of organizations, where accretion of credible record is of utmost implication. The assortment of organization grips an incorporation of pedagogic establishments, commercial groups, curative remedial initiatives, safekeeping bureaus with subtle facts, categorized initiatives and onward.


Hybrid teaching is teaching that uses an online multimedia learning system but does not disappear face-to-face sessions, the students hybrid teaching models attitudes at class. This research has been conducted using a qualitative descriptive method. According to Meleon (2011) qualitative research is a research procedure that intends to understand the phenomenon of what is experienced but research subjects holistically (intact). The aim of the research to find out Students hybrid teaching mode attitudes at class. The researcher describes the results of this study. The researcher found several forms of students'' attitudes towards hybrid teaching. Researchers gave questionnaires to students who had done online learning data collection was carried out on August 7-11, 2021). The questionnaire is based on Meleon (2011) regarding: students' attitudes towards English class face-to-face and blended learning instructions. Based on the results of research and discussion, it shows that the percentage of students' attitudes towards hybrid teaching is at a moderate level. Where the sufficient level is 76%-100% Sufficient or Good which is shown in the percentage table. Students' attitudes towards hybrid teaching are at a high level.Keywords: Students' Attitudes, Hybrid Teaching Model


OBJECTIVE
To determine whether inflammatory cytokine production by stimulated human alveolar macrophages is affected by perflubron exposure.

DESIGN
Controlled laboratory investigation of alveolar macrophage function in vitro.

SETTING
Research laboratory.

SUBJECTS
Cultured alveolar macrophages obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from eleven normal volunteers.

INTERVENTIONS
Endotoxin-stimulated alveolar macrophages were treated with perflubron.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
Alveolar macrophages were stimulated for 1 hr with lipopolysaccharide and then treated with perflubron for 23 hrs. Cell-free supernatants were collected and cytokines were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) and all of these cytokines were significantly (p < .05) inhibited by perflubron. Cell viability was not affected by perflubron. Basal cytokine concentrations from unstimulated alveolar macrophages were not altered by perflubron.

CONCLUSIONS
Exposure of stimulated human alveolar macrophages to perflubron in vitro decreases cytokine production. This observation suggests that perflubron may have anti-inflammatory activity.


Sandor [1] posed a new function, denoted by SS(n), and is defined as follows : being the binomial coefficients. This paper finds SS(n) for some particular cases of n.
GANIT J. Bangladesh Math. Soc.Vol. 39 (2019) 15-25


System (WIDS) using clock-skews as a fingerprinting property as suggested by Jana-Kasera. Our objective is to detect the presence of a fake access point (AP) in a Wireless LAN (WLAN). Use of clock-skew enables us to effectively detect Medium Access Control (MAC) Address spoofing. The principle used in this project is that clock skews remain consistent over time for the same AP but vary significantly across APs. We have also tried to explore probable points of failure and implemented algorithms to overcome these problems. Advantage of this implementation is that fake AP can be detected very quickly as WLAN Intrusion Detection System needs only 100-200 packets in most cases. I. Introduction WIRELESS LAN is a broadcast service. As a result, it is quite vulnerable to the various attacks. Different encryption techniques have been devised to provide security to the Wireless Networks. Yet, it seems to be inadequate. Consider an organization X'. It has a wireless broadcast t router which provides service to its employees. A malicious attacker can set up a fake Access Point (AP) which emulates this authorized AP. Now, the attacker can lure the clients of this authorized AP and the clients get connected to the fake AP believing that they are connected to the authorized one. Now, the attacker can easily launch various types of attacks on the connected clients.


The caloric energy accumulated during the laser excitation process of dye doped polymeric materials as a function of the laser pump rate (f) was analyzed by using Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy (PTDS). Results show that the thermal effects should be very important for pump rates larger than 1 Hz and that the possibility of chemical degradation of the laser material increase with the enlargement of the sample temperature under the pump process. Experimental results have been theoretically simulated by using an optical dense material model of PTDS.


CYCLIC guanosine 3'-5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) stimulated phosphorylation of specific membrane proteins has been postulated to play a role in mediating or modulating some of the responses of cholinergic synapses (GREENGARD. 1976). Cyclic GMP-stimulated protein kinases (ATP: protein phosphotransferase, EC 22.214.171.124) have been demonstrated in mammalian (CASNELWE & GREENGARD. 1974; Kuo et a/., 19761 molluscan (HIGGINS & GREENBERG. 1974) and arthropod (Kuo et a/., 1971; HASHIMOTO et a/., 1976) tissues. The presence of endogenous substrates for this activity in membrane prep arations from cholinergically innervated mammalian smooth muscle have also been reported (CASNELLIE & GREENGARD, 1974; EHRLICH et a/., 1977~). Molluscan neurons and muscles are known to be responsive to acetyl choline (ACh; KEHOE, 1972; GERSCHENFELD. 1972). yet endogenous substrates of cyclic GMP-stimulated phos phorylation within them have not previously been described. In the present study, specific proteins whose phosphorylation is stimulated by cyclic G M P were found in membrane preparations from pleuro-abdominal connective nerves of Aplysia calijornica.


Let us study at first the representation of energy of ordinary bodies and of massive elementary particles into the domain space-time (3+1)D, then let us consider energy particles represented by photons and by energy quanta. It is known that kinetic energy presents a factor 1/2 for ordinary force fields, but we will demonstrate that factor is absent in determinate physical conditions through the use of the Dirac impulsive function and this consideration can be useful also for energy particles. Frequency shifts of energy particles can be interpreted in the light of new considerations on energy, that prove cosmological shift is the overall outcome of different physical effects due whether to redshift or to blueshift.


We describe a case of 40 year male who was diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma by using Immunohistochemistry on bone marrow. The case was a diagnostic challenge as Fine needle aspiration cytology of cervical lymph node showed reactive hyperplasia and the patient didn't consent for lymph node excision biopsy, leaving us with limited options. The presence of few atypical cells in peripheral blood smears examination prompted us to go for bone marrow examination in this case. A subsequent Immunohistochemistry on bone marrow was positive for CD 30 and Pax-5 making the diagnosis of Hodgkins Lymphoma. The case is glaring example of the utility of Immunohistochemistry on bone marrow specially in cases with high index of suspicion like the presence of necrosis, Reed Sternberg cell or it's variant in a polymorphous background or focal fibrosis and myxoid change in bone marrow.


......Several techniques have shown significant benefits with approximation at the circuit level (see the "Related Work in Approximation" sidebar), but they lack design abstractions that enable designers to methodically control which parts of a circuit can be approximated while keeping the critical parts precise. Thus, a need persists for approximate hardware description languages enabling systematic synthesis of approximate hardware. To meet this need, we introduce Axilog, a set of concise, intuitive, and high-level annotations that provide the necessary syntax and semantics for approximate hardware design and reuse in Verilog. A key factor in our language formalism is to abstract away the details of approximation while maintaining the designer's complete oversight in deciding which circuit elements can be synthesized approximately and which ones are critical and therefore cannot be approximated. Axilog also supports reusability across modules by providing a set of specific reuse annotations. In general, hardware system implementation relies on modular design practices in which engineers build libraries of modules and reuse them across complex hardware systems. In this article, we elaborate on the Axilog annotations for approximate hardware design and reuse. These annotations are coupled with a safety inference analysis (SIA) that automatically infers which circuit elements are safe to approximate with respect to the designer's annotations. Axilog and safety analysis support approximate synthesis and are completely independent of the synthesis process. To evaluate Axilog, we devised two synthesis processes. The first synthesis flow focuses on current technology nodes and leverages commercial tools. This synthesis process applies approximation by relaxing the timing constraints of the safe-to-approximate subcircuits. Results show that this synthesis flow provides, on average, 1.54 energy savings and 1.82 area reduction by allowing a 10 percent quality loss. The second synthesis flow studies the potential of approximate synthesis Divya Mahajan


Building construction contributes to a substantial consumption of raw materials compared to other sectors in Sri Lanka. Despite the excessive consumption of raw materials, industry is suffering due to low productivity and economic inefficiency. Thus, the circumstance has led to employ alternative building materials to overcome productivity and cost inefficiency with favourable impacts on sustainability. Polymer has become a global phenomenon with increasing demand as sustainable alternative. Polymer facilitates multiple applications in building construction due to its supreme properties and characteristics. Thus, this research focused develop a quantitative model based on factors related to productivity enhancement and cost reduction to measure the applicability of polymer materials in Sri Lankan building construction. A mixed approach consisting of semi structured interviews followed by a questionnaire survey was adapted for conduct this study. 12 experts were selected for the semi structured interviews and 34 respondents participated for the questionnaire survey. The significance of favourable impact to the productivity and cost efficiency of using polymer materials have been identified in the study. The study discussed the applicability of polymer types in building sector in Sri Lanka and derived resulted in a quantitative model to measure applicability of polymer adoption in the terms of productivity and cost related factors. Study concluded that inherent properties of polymers, buildability, ability to prefabricate, life cycle cost, handling would improve the applicability to local context. Further, relationship identified through the regression model would assist practitioners to select polymer materials while enabling researchers to improve the quality of the products.


We expand upon existing literature regarding using Minimum Mean Optimal Sub-Pattern Assignment (MMOSPA) estimates in multitarget tracking, noting its advantages in comparison to Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) estimation, and look at the practical computation of MMOSPA estimates. We demonstrate the use of MMOSPA estimation in a two-target tracking scenario as well as outside of tracking in a radar angular superresolution scenario.


In this essay I engage with two writers whose work includes elements of both internationalism and cosmopolitanism. Generations apart they connect with the idea of the national from positions of exile igniting a very contemporary and historical debate on the position of faith and the location of culture in the modern postcolonial nation. I argue that exile in the case of the Pakistani poet Faiz Ahmad Faiz is informed by an internationalism tied to national sovereignty, whereas the British Pakistani novelist Nadeem Aslam responding to a post 9/11 world turns to a utopian model of cosmopolitanism, looking for the universal theme of love to repair a dysfunctional society.


Energy dispersive Xray Spectrometry (EDS) was applied to measure the major element composition of volcanic glass shards. One hundred three analytical tephra samples were collected from the Takashima-oki drilling core sample on Lake Biwa, as well as some representative drilling core samples in the Osaka coastal area and Middle Pleistocene tephra layers at the foot of the Yatsugatake Mountains. The ages of the principal tephra layers were estimated from the correlation between the biostratigraphic horizons from the core samples and the oxygen isotope stratigraphy. The estimated ages of the Kg, K-Ah, U-Oki, AT, Aso-4, K-Tz, Aso-3, BT44, BT51, Ata-Th, Aso-1, Ng-1, Kkt and BT72 tephra layers are 3.1ka, 7.3ka, 10.7ka, 29ka, 87ka, 91ka, 133ka, 203ka, 216ka, 238ka, 249ka, 294ka, 334ka, and 349ka, respectively. These principal tephra ages provide the estimated ages of other tephra layers using the sediment accumulation rates in the Takashima-oki core. Consequently, this study has reconstructed the tephrostratigraphy and chronology during the past 430ky. Furthermore, it is pointed out that caldera forming eruptions have occurred at low sea level periods just before the maximum high sea level.


In this study, a grid-free vortex method was developed and applied to turbulent flows in order to validate the scheme. In order to satisfy the boundary condition for internal flow calculation, the direct boundary element method (BEM) was employed. The grid-free redistribution model proposed by Fukuda and Kamemoto [3] and vortex reconnection model was also introduced and the spatial resolution was improved for high strain regions. From the results, it was confirmed that the unsteady feature of the turbulent boundary layer in the turbulent internal flow and its development were successfully captured. Furthermore, comparisons of the calculated mean velocity and the calculated rms value of the axial velocity fluctuation in the turbulent internal flow with experimental data showed that the method provided an accurate velocity profile and axial velocity fluctuation in turbulent boundary layers. In the vortex rings interaction calculation, reconnection process was reasonably simulated and the spatial resolution was improved even in the high strain regions using the redistribution model and the reconnection model. The analysed energy spectra were in close agreement with the existing DNS and experimental data up to high wave number regions.


The present application provides constructs comprising an antibody moiety that specifically binds to a complex comprising an AFP peptide and an MHC class I protein. Also provided are methods of making and using these constructs.


Learning is infinite process of collecting information, knowledge and skills. However, many factors will influence and hindered effective learning process. One of these factors is the language use in the teaching-learning process, and the language use in the test. This study aimed to investigate the effects of language use in the science test and the students' performance in the test using experimental research design. The respondents were the grade 7 Meranao students in MSU-Balindong Community High School group randomly through matched – paired and distributed to control group and experimental group. Control group were the test takers using English language, while there were two experimental groups (EA and EB). EA were the test takers using Filipino language, and EB were the test takers using language of their choice (English, Filipino and Meranao). Instruments used were the TIMSS-Like test and vocabulary test in three languages; English, Filipino and Meranao dialect. Using Analysis of Variance, findings revealed that the group exposed to Filipino language test obtained highest mean gain score, followed by the group exposed to their own choice of language. More so, vocabulary knowledge has positive significant relationship to the students' performance in Science TIMSS-Like test items. Therefore, students performed better on a test if the language use is the language, they commonly use every day. Congruency of language use in teaching and in the test improves students' performance. Wider vocabulary knowledge also enhances students' performance. Thus, Science teachers should incorporate science vocabulary in teaching scientific concepts to provide effective and meaningful learning.


PURPOSE: A position tracking device and a position tracking method thereof are provided to perform the position tracking in an indoor or an outdoor environment by using sensors built in a mobile phone. CONSTITUTION: A position tracking device(100) includes a GPS signal receiving module(10), a sensor module(20) and a control module(30). The GPS signal receiving module receives a GPS signal and detects position information and movement direction information. A sensor module is made of an acceleration sensor and an earth magnetic field sensor. A control module calculates a current position and direction by using the position information, the movement direction information and signals sensed by the sensors.


The morbidity and mortality during a 5‐year follow‐up in thcoronary care unit with chest pain presenting an initial suspicion of acute infarction, but in whom the diagnosis could not be confirmed, is reported. They were divided into four groups: Possible myocardial infarction (29%), angina pectoris (24%), chest pain of uncertain origin (32%), and nonischemic cause of chest pain (15%). The overall 5‐year mortality rate was 13.3 % and did not differ substantially between the four groups. During the 5‐year follow‐up a confirmed myocardial infarction developed in 28% and 22% among patients with the diagnosis possible infarction and angina pectoris, respectively, and in about 10% of the remaining patients. Stroke developed in 4% of patients with possible infarction and in 2‐3% in the remaining subgroups. In all, 59% of the patients were rehospitalized for a mean duration of 30 days in hospital. Among survivors at 5 years, 54% reported chest pain equivalent to angina pectoris and 25% had chest pain daily. A high prevalence of angina pectoris, a high frequency of rehospitalization due to chest pain, and a high consumption of cardiovascular drugs could be found in all four groups.


A great deal of thermal instable cis form photoisomerization products will be formed when the thermal stabletrans form of plant sunscreenssinapate esters upon ultraviolet radiation.Toreveal the photoisomerization mechanism ofcis-isomer, we explore the photodynamics of a model plant sunscreen methyl sinapate incis form in organic solution. The high photoisomerization quantum yield of cis-isomer results in relatively higher photostability of trans-MS. By utilizing femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculation, we propose an adiabatic relaxation competes with non-adiabatic relaxation for excited-state cis form of methyl sinapate. These results suggest that the photoprotection mechanism of cis form sinapate esters is significant different with that of trans form Sinapate esters and play an important role in the overall photoprotection effect.


Abstract The terms "access" and "authority" serve in this article as distilled references for two ongoing and interrelated discussions within oral history. Both discussions turn on the relationship between scholar/interviewer and subject/narrator. On the one hand, researchers more easily gain access to the extent their subjects come to know and trust them. On the other hand, breaking down sharp boundaries between interviewers and narrators inexorably opens up the question of how much authority those interviewed have over the final scholarly product—the more so to the extent a scholar self-consciously strives to share authority. Among the lessons learned from one research project involving middle and upper middle class professionals are: that one need not fear "losing objectivity" by becoming too close to a subject, since all knowledge is partial; that other research methods can provide a check on oral history interviews; and that the scholar must assert ultimate authority, even after sharing it.


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Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) is expressed in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, and treatment of these cells with 17β-estradiol (E2) resulted in induction of IGFBP-4 gene expression (>3-fold) and protein secretion (>6-fold). To identify genomic sequences associated with E2 responsiveness, the 5′-promoter region (−1214 to +18) of the IGFBP-4 gene was cloned into a vector upstream from the firefly luciferase reporter gene, and E2 induced a 10-fold increase in luciferase activity in MCF-7 cells transiently transfected with this construct. Deletion analysis of this region of the IGFBP-4 gene promoter identified two GC-rich sequences at −559 to −553 and −72 to −64 that were important for E2-induced trans-activation. Gel mobility shift assays using 32P-labeled −569 to −540 and −83 to −54 oligonucleotides from the IGFBP-4 gene promoter showed that Sp1 protein bound these oligonucleotides to form a retarded band, and the intensity of the band was competitively decreased after coincubation ...


A general and convenient route for the synthesis of 2,5-di[1-methyl-1-arylcyclobutane-3-yl]- thiophenes 4a–c and bis[1-methyl-1-arylcyclobutane-3-yl]-2-(2-oxyethtylamido)thiazole sulfides 7a–c is reported. The characterization of these compounds was obtained by elemental analyses, IR, 13C, and 1H NMR techniques. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 15:26–31, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/.hc10207


Regulation of boost converter output voltage under dynamic load variations is of major challenge in industrial applications. This paper presents a technique to address dynamic load variations using peak current mode control in a boost converter. The mathematical modeling and digital implementation of peak current mode control for boost converter operating in continuous conduction mode is discussed. The limitation of control mechanism due to sub harmonic oscillations is minimized by providing slope compensation. Simulation and experimental results are presented for a peak current mode controlled boost converter operating with 8V to 10V input voltage and 20V, 100 W power output.


The Decimator, an SED Systems Ltd. product, is a PCI slot card that performs both time and frequency domain measurements of given input signals. It is essentially a more economical version of a bench spectrum analyzer or oscilloscope, with a PC interface. Several issues limit the speed and accuracy of the results of the Decimator, and the study of these issues is the focus of this thesis. These issues, including but not limited to, are as follows: 1) Imbalances between the received In-phase and Quadrature-phase channels; 2) The FFT and Windowing functions are performed by a microcontroller, but it is desired that they be migrated to an FPGA. While solutions to improve the first issue is being implemented and verified, the second issue is not one of simply reducing a source of error. The second issue requires a cost-benefit analysis on the migration of these signal processing algorithms from an ARM microcontroller to a Xilinx FPGA.


Approximately 38 cases of the yellow nail syndrome have been described in the literature and one further case of this rare condition is added. The symptoms and various associated conditions are discussed. The lymphographic findings in one case are described in detail.


The study analyzes the impact of fuel subsidy removal policy on input costs of production sectors in Malaysia by applying the Input-output Price Model using Malaysia Input-output Table 2010. The elimination of subsidy on fuels such as RON95, RON97 and Diesel led to the increase in fuel prices by 32% on average. The increase in fuel prices led to an increase in production input costs for all 66 sectors, where the increase in the input costs of each sector exceeded the hike in fuel prices. There are 4 sectors whose production input costs are higher than the fuel subsidy removal policy namely fishing and aquaculture; transportation and storage; utilities; crops, animal production and hunting; and food products. Input-output price model application is an approach less commonly used in previous studies in Malaysia even though it is the most appropriate model for analyzing the impact of fuel subsidy removal on sectoral input costs. This study shows that the elimination of fuel subsidies has a major impact on the country's inflation and drastic global oil price changes can challenge the Malaysian economic sustainability.


The purpose of this study is to analyze on high school teachers` stage of concern(SoC) on `Creative-Experience Activity` in 2009 revised national curriculum and investigate the improvements of their levels. The subjects for this study were 234 high school teachers through out all part of the Korea country. The instrument for this study was developed according to the Hall & Hord(2006)`s stage of concerns questionnaire of Stage of Concern. The Data were analyzed by Profiling of teachers` concern and one-way ANOVA. The major findings of this study were as follows: First, 85.25% of the high school teachers were in stage of Awareness. 6.34% of teachers were in stage of Information. Most of high school teachers` concern about `Creative-Experience Activity` was generally `non-user` stage that unconcerned. Second, there were not significant differences in teachers` stage of concern according to their sex and teaching career except for region. In region, the teacher in metropolis tent to interest getting new information than small and midium size city. We need to make an effort to transfer from `non-user` stage to `early-user` stage of and `impact` stage. To do so, we may sublate too much curriculum revise and start teacher training for 2009 revised `creativity-experience activity` curriculum. The result of the study provide that there are not curriculum implementation success without teachers` concern about revised curriculum.


Background. Decisions made by transplant surgeons to decline liver grafts for local use are based on both objective and ill-defined subjective parameters. These livers may be offered and subsequently transplanted at non-local centers. We analyzed the fate of these exported livers, focusing on the outcome of grafts declined for subjective reasons. The aim is to determine whether local surgeons' concerns about inferior graft function are justified. Methods. Over a 3-year period, 13.3% of 555 livers in our organ procurement organization (OPO) were exported and transplanted out of the local area. Donor data and reason for decline were obtained from an extensive OPO database. Objective reasons for decline were based on no appropriate matched recipient due to donor size, serologies, or malignancy with potential for spread. Subjective parameters were related to the procuring surgeon's assessment and included variables such as medical and social history, abnormal liver enzymes, older age, organ visualization, and biopsy. Recipient data were obtained from questionnaires sent to outside transplant centers. Results. There was a significantly higher rate of nonfunction in the subjective group (17.1%), compared to the objective group (0%). One-year graft and patient survival were 79 and 83% for the objective group and 59 and 68% for the subjective group (P5NS). When donors declined for medical/social history were excluded from the subjective group, leaving only grafts declined based solely on the surgeon's assessment of graft quality, there is a significant difference in graft survival (79% for objective and 46% for this subjective subgroup, P50.03). Conclusions. Livers declined for local use based on subjective assessment by the procuring surgeon have a high nonfunction rate, associated with a high morbidity. Therefore, the use of these grafts should be restricted to recipients at the most urgent status. Expansion of the indications for liver transplantation has resulted in a significant increase in the number of patients on the waiting list, longer waiting times, as well as a larger proportion of individuals who are expressing advanced signs of liver failure. In response, it has become a practice for transplant surgeons to extend the criteria for acceptance of organ donors and to consider liver grafts that are indistinctly defined as being "marginal." This term commonly refers to concerns related to the donor, variables such as older age, hemodynamic instability, positive serologies for viral hepatitis, the presence of central nervous system malignancy, or high risk sexual and/or social behavior before death (1‐ 4). In addition, the same term is used to describe primary pathologies of the liver graft, which include the presence of macroand microvesicular hepatosteatosis, or degree of inflammation related to active hepatitis. Several analyses have attempted to predict outcome of liver transplantation based on donor and liver characteristics (5‐9). Based on these retrospective data, it is generally agreed that the use of some of these grafts may be associated with a higher rate of primary nonfunction or delayed graft function. In the absence of well-defined criteria for marginality of a liver graft, it is left for the transplant surgeon to determine whether to accept a specific liver for a candidate on the local waiting list. Some organs are refused on objective grounds such as a rare blood type, unmatched size for any local recipient, or the presence of positive hepatitis serologies. Whereas a significant number are also declined based on one or more ill-defined subjective reasons, including donor age, social and medical history, results of liver biopsy, or gross morphology. Under the current rules of distribution, refusal by the local transplant center(s) allows the allocation of the liver to a non-local program that is willing to use the organ for a given candidate (10). The majority of these organs are eventually used, therefore it is logical to hypothesize that a significant number of these grafts do function. Consequently, if many of these exported grafts function well, the local centers should reconsider their definition of a marginal graft and their acceptance criteria. In this study, we analyzed the outcome of livers exported and transplanted elsewhere, specifically focusing on the outcome of grafts declined for subjective reasons. The aims are to determine whether the local surgeon's concerns about inferior graft function, and increased morbidity and mortality, are justified. Moreover, we wished to determine whether the use of these "marginal" organs should be restricted to recipients at a more urgent status.


Classification of building into different typology is one of the significant methods to assess the risk and vulnerability of an area. Manual survey of buildings or field visits to classify buildings into different typology is a time and manpower consuming method involving high cost. With the advancement of different techniques and methods now it is possible to know about the building typology in a much quicker way and at a much lower cost. This paper makes an attempt to extract the information of buildings from satellite images to use them for hazard assessment. Meghalaya, a regional state with hilly terrains in the North Eastern region of India has been selected for the study purpose in this paper. For an accurate and reliable building extraction operation, an ideal framework will be proposed to detect the building from the high resolution satellite/ aerial images. The proposed framework along with the domain knowledge of spatial and spectral features will provide various characteristics such as the nature of the building, information on the type of building, location of building and surrounding area. The nature of the building might include edges, planes or lines of the building, its roof types, etc. The methodology will include edge detection, line generation and clustering of the building whichever is most suitable for the study purpose. The extracted built-up area of the buildings from the satellite images will be used for seismic hazard assessment of the area. Buildings extracted will be classified into different types based on the architectural layout, roof types, usage, occupancy, etc.


The problem of diffraction by a wide slit in a uniaxially anisotropic plasma is solved by means of a multiple-scattering technique. The principal result is the consideration of the effect of the dipole term, which is the principal contribution to the interaction in certain ranges. Numerical data obtained from the analytical results are used to discuss the effects of the various kinds of interaction, anisotropy, and slit widths on the diffraction pattern of the slit at normal incidence.


The problem of simultaneously determining an optimal control strategy and an optimal observation strategy for a linear system is considered. Quadratic costs on state and control and an "on-off" type observation cost are assumed. Dynamic programming is used to obtain a solution. An example is provided that shows some interesting relations between the optimal observation strategy and various system parameters.


The invention relates to topical compositions for improving the protection of the mitochondria of human skin cells against oxidative toxicants by damaging influences and UV radiation, which are characterized by a content of mitochondria common proteins. The invention also relates to a corresponding method for the cosmetic treatment of human skin.


Aim:  Television (TV) viewing has been implicated in children's weight gain. We aimed to conduct a comprehensive content analysis of TV food advertising in Turkey.


The results of the assessment of ecological toxicity of sewage treated with the electrolysis solution of sodium hypochlorite and the electrochemically activated solution of neutral anolyte are presented in this article. Biotesting was conducted with the usage of a number of tests consisting of water organisms of various organization levels: water-plant Chlorella vulgaris, crustacea Daphnia magnа (Cladocera) and bacterial luminescent test. The conducted experimental researches, regulated by operating sanitary norms and rules, testify to the absence of ecological toxicity of the offered methods of treatment. The necessity of biotesting for the assessment of ecological safety of sewage disinfection has been shown. The results of efficiency of sewage disinfection with the electrolysis and electrochemically activated solutions in accordance with bacteriological indices have been presented. The determination of residual (general, free and bound) chlorine in sewage after disinfection with the electrolysis and electrochemically activated solutions has been performed. The analysis of sewage chlorine absorptivity on disinfection of sewage with neutral anolyte and sodium hypochlorite has been made. It has been noticed, that traditionally applied methods of sewage disinfection (chlorination, ozonizing, ultraviolet disinfection) have essential drawbacks. Neutral anolyte and sodium hypochlorite combine positive properties of the known oxidants chlorine, ultraviolet and ozone and eliminate negative moments intrinsic to each of them taken separately, i.e. the formation of by-products of chlorination and ozonizing is excluded. The solutions in question possess high bactericidal, virucidal, sporocidal, fungicidal properties, and also low corrosion and destructive activity in relation to products from various materials.


........................................................................................................3 Introduction ................................................................................................... 3 Historical context ............................................................................................. 3 Literature Review ............................................................................................. 7 Integration of Service Learning Outcome #3 ........................................ 10 Theory ......................................................................................................... 18 Methodology ................................................................................................ 20 Integration of Service Learning Outcome #1 ....................................... 22 Integration of Service Learning Outcome #5 ....................................... 26 Analysis........................................................................................................ 26 Integration of Service Learning Outcome #2 ....................................... 27 Conclusion ................................................................................................... 32 Recommendations and future studies .................................................................... 33 Integration of Service Learning Outcome #4........................................ 33 Works Cited ................................................................................................ 35


The paper is focused on application of experiment design technique, called Taguchi method, and application of multi-criteria analysis, in blind microvias forming process in multilayer Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs). In the paper the results of investigations of microvia laser drilling are presented. The use of multicriteria analysis is a helpful tool which should lead to manufacture interconnections with aspect ratio (relation of via deep to via diameter) higher than 1, and diameter of via in the range of 25 to 350 μm. Finally, it is possible to manufacture blind microvias with aspect ratio about 6.5.


From the Publisher:
Abstract Algebra Applications with Maple opens the door to cryptography, coding, Polya counting theory, and the many other areas dependent on abstract algebra. The authors have carefully integrated Maple V throughout the text, enabling readers to see realistic examples of the topics discussed without struggling with the computations. It includes a first-chapter review of the mathematics required - groups, rings, and finite fields - and a Maple tutorial in the appendix along with detailed treatments of coding, cryptography, and Polya theory applications.


Salient points of AIDS control in India are summarized. An autonomous national AIDS control organization has been set up, which received a sizable loan from the World Bank. As a result, the central health budget became skewed with one-fourth of its expenditures going for AIDS and not enough spent on general health services. Among issues inadequately addressed are: 1) HIV surveillance; 2) diagnosis of AIDS; 3) appropriate and safe medical care; 4) wasteful expenditure; 5) educating health workers; and 6) blood bank services. HIV surveillance and testing centers have been attached to a few large hospitals and medical colleges, but more testing and treatment services will be needed. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends testing only after informed consent has been obtained; however, in India this is impossible because of the high rate of illiteracy. Instead, counseling is provided by special social workers and testing is prescribed by doctors. Special AIDS clinics might be the solution, although they lead to isolation and stigmatization of patients. Doctors and nurses should be made aware about the importance of informed consent and counseling to encourage voluntary and anonymous testing. The present WHO definition of AIDS for diagnosis is too general and is based on the African experience. Its use may lead to misdiagnosis of many cases of tuberculosis, diarrhea, and malnutrition as AIDS. Clinical criteria applicable to the Indian reality need to be developed urgently. Private practitioners have also entered HIV testing, but often they rely only on the ELISA test without confirmation which might result in a high rate of false positives. General medical care of AIDS cases have to be strengthened with routine sterilization to avoid wasteful expenditures, health workers have to be reeducated, blood bank services need to be streamlined, and more AIDS-related research is also required.


Purpose
Many observers believe that industry experience of entrepreneurs drives successful new entrepreneurial firms. However, whenever it comes to disruptive digital ventures such as Financial Technologies (Fintechs), the picture may be different due to the cross-industry nature of digital firms. The purpose of this study is to disentangle the impacts of finance, banking and information technology (IT) experiences of founders on performance of European Fintechs around venture capital (VC) investment.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on a data set of 105 Fintechs from European countries, including UK, which are involved in 201 VC rounds between 2006 and 2019, the authors adopt a Bayesian quantile approach to link founders' experience with two performance measures that identify market success (return on sales) and investment outcome (return on equity).

Findings
The findings indicate that finance and IT-specific experiences seem to matter more often than banking experience and that the extent of their impact depends on level and metric of performance. More specifically, Fintechs in Europe and UK are more able to achieve market success with both finance and IT experiences of their founders, but that does not necessarily transform into higher returns for investors.

Originality/value
This study provides new evidence that not all aspects of industry experience matter for digital ventures, as they must fit to a certain firm, cycle and industry. For Fintech, as the name says, finance and IT experiences matter.


Our society is dominated by corporations that employ us, sell to us, and influence local, national, and global agendas. Though we may take for granted the role of corporate business and capitalism in our day to day lives and assume it is inescapable, this hasn't always been the case. Business and Society provides a broad historical analysis of the spread of capitalism and the foundation of the corporate revolution in the late nineteenth century, while examining the challenges of regulation and ethics in contemporary business. In addition, it examines how corporate power and capitalism might be resisted, outlining a range of alternatives, from the social economy to new forms of open access or commons ownership. Written in a clear, accessible style, Business and Society offers an approachable introduction to a variety of perspectives from sociological, geographical, heterodox economic, ethical, political, legal and historical contexts.


An earthquake-resistant design system for railroads with primary emphasis on the response to displacement is described and analyzed. The design system was established for the primary purpose of securing operating safety of trains.