Requirements for product and production quality and variability, as well as the needs for the efficient use of production equipment, have emphasised the benefits of batch production in the process industries. The resulting complexity of batch control has, however, been a challenge to control engineers. Emerging batch standards and software component technologies have now made it possible to design flexible, distributed, and integrated batch automation concepts to satisfy the requirements. The batch control domain was studied in this thesis in terms of domain standardisation, existing batch control systems, and related research approaches. The applicable information technology, object-oriented software component frameworks and multi-agency, was surveyed and evaluated. Guidelines for deploying generic software design patterns in designing domain-specific frameworks, were adapted. An experimental batch process management framework, was developed to fulfil the aforementioned flexibility, distribution and integration needs for batch automation. It also demonstrates reusability by the so-called calling framework architectural style as well as internal and external component interfaces. Framework components may be easily parametrized and replaced by customised versions. Additionally, the framework can be integrated with other systems by using component technology. For some problem specific needs of local decision-making and interaction, enhancement of component frameworks may be needed. No applicable design patterns were found for this kind of design issue. Since the design problem is


We provide an alternative proof of monotonicity of normalizing volatility transforms (NVTs) due to Fukasawa (2012), and then obtain a general formula for volatility surface for which the NVTs are increasing. This is used to obtain several results related to butterfly arbitrage and asymptotic behavior of implied volatility for large strikes.


This column discusses the marriage between business and academics. It examines how first-rate universities benefit the local high-tech industry, whether funding from business corrupts independent research at universities, and how alumni donations can change an institution's priorities.


We develop a new model for clustering in an expanding universe, based on an application of the coagulation equation to the collision and aggregation of bound condensations. While the growth rate of clustering is determined by the rate at which density fluctuations reach the nonlinear regime, and therefore depends on the initial fluctuation specturm, the mass spectrum rapidly approaches a self-similar limiting form. This form is determined by the tidal processes which lead to the merging of condensations, and is not dependent on initial conditions.


''I would prefer not to,'' intones Bartleby the Scrivener in Melville's tale of the same name. Bartleby is the antithesis of the figures that populate Michael Zakim's splendid panorama of the ''clerking class''—that amorphous, ambiguous stratum of society that emerged in the early republic. Zakim's clerks are striving, peripatetic, ''homeless,'' and no longer attached to the land—or even to a particular place. They are, he says with characteristic eloquence, the living embodiment of ''the perpetuum mobile of the commodity exchange.'' As the clerk Edward Tailer (whom Zakim quotes) once wrote, ''There is no such thing as a stationary point in human endeavor.'' It's a rather different sentiment than that voiced by Bartleby when he elaborates on his motives at the request of his baffled employer: ''I like to be stationary.''1 But most clerks weren't stationary—or the very least, didn't want to stay in one place. Historians have a similar disposition, even if our movements are measured in years and decades rather than hours and days. And so, after a longstanding focus on the working class, our profession has embraced the study of the less celebrated, seemingly more bland white-collar workers, investigating how these ordinary men and women worked and played, what they produced and consumed, and perhaps most important of all, what they thought. Foremost among the scholars


The Carrier Illumination™ (CI) method is an optical technique for non‐destructive in‐line monitoring of post‐anneal junction depth, pre‐anneal pre‐amorphisation implant (PAI) depth, and dose. This work describes the sensitivity of the CI‐signal to the as‐implant dose and demonstrates that a universal response function can be derived for doses below the amorphisation limit. For the implants where the elements/doses cause amorphisation, the CI‐signal reflects directly the thickness of the amorphous depth. In the case of annealed structures, it is shown that CI provides important information on the electrical activation of the dopant. This is illustrated by the analysis of CVD‐layers subsequently annealed and of junction profiles produced by laser annealing. In both cases nearly identical dopant profiles are observed with secondary ion mass spectrometry while the electrical activation as derived from sheet resistance measurements is very different. This very different activation level is clearly reflected in...


Subjects of citizenship education are often not noticed by all parties in the school environment, both teachers and students. Civics are considered too much memorization, lots of reading. So that many students feel bored with this subject matter. For this reason, an activity is needed by the teacher in an effort to arouse student learning motivation, for example by using the Tatas method in learning. The purpose of this study was to describe the application of the Tatas method in increasing the learning motivation of the fifth-grade students of Tanjung Juwiring SDN 1 Klaten in the 2016/2017 school year. With the increasing learning motivation students are expected to bring a positive impact that is improving student learning achievement. This study is a classroom action research (CAR) with the research subjects being Class V students of Tanjung Juwiring Elementary School 1 Klaten 2016/2017 school year. Data collection methods used in this study are interview, observation and questionnaire methods. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. Based on the results of the study and discussion it can be concluded as follows: 1) Through the use of the Tatas method can increase the learning activities of fifth-grade students of Tanjung Juwiring 1 Elementary School in Klaten. This is evident from the increase in the average percentage of learning implementation from the first cycle of 83.11% to 96.23%; 2) Through the use of the Tatas method, it can increase the learning motivation of Civics in the fifth grade students of Tanjung Juwiring 1 Elementary School in Klaten in the second semester of 2016/2017 Academic Year. This can be seen from the increase in the percentage of questionnaires for student learning motivation as a whole in the first cycle of 74.41% with the medium category and in the second cycle of 87.28% with the high category.


The Coalinga Nose field in Fresno County, California, provides a case history of a large reservoir operated to maximize gravity drainage. Following 12 yr of competitive operations, the field was unitized in 1950. Gas injection was initiated in 1950 and has continued to the present. A pilot waterflood was attempted but was short-lived when proved less efficient than gravity drainage. Further, large volumes of water have been produced from edge wells to prevent reduced recovery from natural water encroachment. In 1969, the gas injection was supplemented with a large-scale program of nonindigenous gas injection. Over 58 billion cu ft of natural gas has been injected under this program. Cumulative oil production exceeds 423 million bbl and the current production exceeds 10,000 bopd.


This study aimed at evaluating the impact of Queen Rania Teacher Academy science teachers professional development program's activities on teachers' instructional practices by identifying the successes, challenge and ways to sustain the exemplary reformed instructional practices in the science classroom. The idea is to analyze participating science teachers' reflections on a three-year journey of continuous professional development. Qualitative data collected in the form of participants' self-reflection and field notes from 18 male and female participating science teachers. Findings indicate that even with effective professional development, science teachers encounter diverse challenges to implement the reformed instructional practices in the classroom. Teachers need support, time and resources to succeed in implementing what they learned in their classrooms. Findings also revealed that professional development efforts need to reveal and address existing teachers' beliefs in order to be successful. Implications for future science continuous professional development efforts are discussed.


: The isolated rural general practitioner will, from time to time, be faced with a critically ill patient or medical emergency which requires a higher level of care than can be provided locally. These patients need to be resuscitated, stabilised and transferred to another centre and therefore may need to be escorted by medical personnel. Retrieval services aim to provide a level of expertise and equipment which can be taken to the patient so that management of the patient is optimised prior to transport and continued during transport.

The medical retrieval teams which operate from Sydney are:

• Westpac Surf Life Saving Association, based at Prince Henry Hospital;

• NRMA Careflight, based at Westmead Hospital, and

• neonatal teams from Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children and Prince of Wales Children's Hospital.

These teams utilise helicopters provided by NRMA Careflight. SLSA and Childflight and fixed wing aircraft from NSW Air Ambulance. Road ambulance retrievals are also provided within the metropolitan area.

Country areas in NSW are serviced by retrieval teams from Base Hospitals such as Orange Base Hospital and Tamworth Base Hospital. These services arc primarily by road, but distance sometimes necessitates the use of fixed or rotary wing aircraft.

This paper aims to discuss stabilisation of patients prior to transport. There is nothing more daunting than to have strange medical personnel descend on your local hospital and seemingly 'take over'. Nursing and medical staff who have been caring for the patient, in many cases for hours, may feel pushed aside and not understand why certain things are done to their patient. This discussion will hopefully shed some light on the mysterious 'transport environment' so that personnel at the referring hospital can help prepare the patient appropriately and understand the needs of the retrieval team.


Objective To observe clinical effects of treating severe periodontal disease by flap curettaging plus implanting biological artificial materia(lBAM) artificial bone and flap curettage in two years. Methods 89 teeth with severe periodontal disease from 62 patients were divided into two groups. Group A was treated with flap curettage plus implanting BAM artificial bone into periodontal bone defective area. Group B was treated by flap curettage only. Clinical effects of all teeth in two groups were observed through examining periodontal indexes and taking X-ray after treated for 1 and 2 years. Results Partial periodontal indexes of all treated teeth in two groups had been improved after treated in 6 months. Clinical effects of group A are better than group B after treated for 2 years. Conclusion Clinical effects of treating severe periodontal disease by flap curettage plus planting BAM artificial bone into periodontal bone detective areas are superior than periodontal flap curettage only according to our clinical study.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of communication competence and communication style with nurse-parent partnership among pediatric nurses. Methods: This study had a descriptive, correlational design. Data were collected from 169 pediatric nurses in B metropolitan city and Y city, from January 2018 to February 2018. A structured questionnaire was administered. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, one-way analysis of variance, the Scheffé test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and multiple regression analysis with SPSS version 23.0. Results: Nurse-parent partnership was correlated with communication competence (r=.59, p<.001), an informative communication style (r=.65, p<.001), an affective communication style (r=.68, p<.001), and an authoritative communication style (r=-.30, p<.001). The factors influencing nurse-parent partnership among the study subjects were an affective communication style, an informative communication style, communication competence, and the nurses' current position. The overall explanatory power of this model was 61.0%, and the most influential factor was an affective communication style. Conclusion: Nurse-parent partnership showed significant correlations with communication competence and affective and informative communication styles. The study may serve as a basic resource for promoting nurse-parent partnership, which increases the effectiveness of treatment for children in pediatric wards and will ultimately help improve the quality of child care.


OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the prevalence of male sexual dysfunction after ischemic stroke, including disorders in arousal ability, desire, erectile function, ejaculatory function, orgasmic function, and sexual satisfaction. BACKGROUND: Ischemic stroke can deteriorate sexual function. Prevalence of male sexual dysfunction after stroke is not well determined. DESIGN/METHODS: In 56 men, aged 64.39±10.64 years, who had ischemic stroke within 24 months before evaluation, we assessed prevalence and severity of disorders in arousal ability, desire, erectile function, ejaculatory function, orgasmic function, and sexual satisfaction before and after stroke, using a self-designed questionnaire consisting of multiple visual analogue scale (VAS) questions (0=never; 10=always) (Wilcoxon-test; significance: p RESULTS: After stroke, VAS-values decreased significantly from pre-stroke VAS-values for arousal ability (4.61±2.78 post-stroke vs. 6.37±2.42 pre-stroke; p=0.0001), desire (4.42±2.93 post-stroke vs. 6.37±2.56 pre-stroke; p=0.0001), ejaculatory function (6.55±10.62 post-stroke vs. 8.68±10.05 pre-stroke; p=0.0001), and sexual satisfaction (4.58±3.36 post-stroke vs. 6.57±2.98 pre-stroke; p=0.0001), increased significantly for erectile dysfunction (4.98±3.35 post-stroke vs. 2.71±3.58 pre-stroke; p=0.0001), but remained almost unchanged for orgasmic function (1.96±2.91 post-stroke vs. 1.45±1.89 pre-stroke; p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In men with a history of ischemic stroke, there is a rather high prevalence of arousal disorders, desire dysfunction, erectile, ejaculatory, orgasmic dysfunction, and sexual dissatisfaction already before stroke suggesting associations between sexual dysfunction and stroke risk factors. After stroke, all evaluated types of sexual dysfunction and sexual satisfaction deteriorated significantly showing the impact of ischemic cerebral lesions on sexual function and processing. Although orgasmic function did not change significantly, reduction of the other sexual functions adds to a reduced quality of life after stroke. Supported by: Rolf- and Hubertine-Schiffbauer-Foundation, Hof, Germany. Disclosure: Dr. Koehn has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wagner has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schramm has nothing to disclose. Dr. Crodel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Staykov has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pauli has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kolominsky-Rabas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schwab has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hilz has received personal compensation for activities with Genzyme Corporation, Pfizer Inc, and International Brain Research Foundation, Inc. Dr. Hilz has received research support from the Rolf- and Hubertine-Schiffbauer-Foundation, Bayer, International Brain Research Foundation, Inc., and Genzyme Corporation.


This paper proposed a simple thermoelectric cooler (TEC) device with a heat recovery unit to deliver isothermal dehumidification in a small space where ambient temperature falls into the comfort zone while relative humidity is high. The concept of the system was presented, followed by the analysis of the cold surface temperature to examine its possibility to reach the target. Five different types of TEC products were chosen to make a comparison by using the market available data sheets and results found that for small applications (up to 30 W), the proposed system can easily deliver the isothermal dehumidification with room temperatures of 20–25°C.


This paper presents a decision algorithm for the analysis of the stability of a class of planar switched linear systems, modeled by hybrid automata. The dynamics in each location of the hybrid automaton is assumed to be linear and asymptotically stable; the guards on the transitions are hyper planes in the state space. We show that for every pair of an ingoing and an outgoing transition related to a location, the exact gain in the norm of the vector induced by the dynamics in that location can be computed. These exact gains are used in defining a gain automaton which forms the basis of an algorithmic criterion to determine if a planar hybrid automaton is stable or not.


In order to capture the boundaries mentioned in the title, the subject of description in this study were legal regulations regarding the matter of giving (changing) names that have been in force in Poland over the years, since the post-war period, the verdicts of courts that have settled disputes on names and linguists speaking on naming matters, as well as, supplementarily, conclusions flowing from the analysis of publicly available lists of names from the PESEL register and selected fragments of correspondence between the Polish Language Council and persons/institutions requesting value judgements on names.


In central Texas, an increasing urban and environmental demand for water, coupled with limited supplies in the Edwards Aquifer, collided with the legal right of landowners to pump an unlimited amount of groundwater. There clearly was not enough water in the Aquifer to meet current and future needs. In response to this water crisis, the Texas legislature created the Edwards Aquifer Authority and gave it extensive regulatory power to control pumping and to reallocate water through market mechanisms. Water marketing offers a means to minimize conflicts over the reallocation of water from lower economic valued agricultural uses to higher valued domestic, industrial, environmental and recreational uses. This article outlines a conceptual framework for a market-based water reallocation system and then applies this framework to the Edwards Aquifer region. The article suggests that there is a strong willingness on the part of stakeholders in the Edwards region to use markets to reallocate water and proposes an approach to encourage market development.


at the high school level the ability to understand the mathematical concepts of learners is an important foundation for solving mathematical problems. This is in line with one of the goals of learning mathematics in primary and secondary education is that learners understand the concept of problems mathematically. Understanding the concept is one of the mathematical skills that must be mastered in learning mathematics. teachers should be good at choosing creative and innovative learning models to apply, with the aim that learners can be actively involved in the learning process . This study aims to determine the difference of enhancing the ability to understand the mathematical concepts of learners who are given the application of Scramble learning model and Time Token Arends (TTA) with conventional learning model. this research is run by using a quantitative approach with quasi experimental design method (quasi experimental design). data collected through observations , interviews, tests, and documentation . based on the results of research and calculation of n-gain with the highest value in the experimental class that is 1,000 and the lowest value 0.562. while the control class with the highest value is 0.818 and the lowest value is 0.235.The average n-gain obtained by the experimental class is 0.651 and the control class is 0.454. then the results of analysis and data processing using t-test obtained = 4.690 and = 2.010. with a significant level of 5%. the calculation results show that > , in other words reject  and receive so it can be concluded that the enhancement of the ability to understand the mathematical concepts of learners with the model of learning S cramble and T ime T oken A rends (TTA) is better than conventional learning model .


The metal smelting business is expanding, moving from combustion-based to electric-powered smelts. By adjusting the quantity of electrical power that enters the heater to be transformed into heat, the temperature of the melting chamber can quickly approach 1000°C. But if the thermal resistance is unable to slow down the rate of heat transfer from the smelting chamber to the outside, the temperature inside the smelting chamber can likewise fall quickly. If that keeps happening, the furnace machine's temperature of 1000°C cannot be reached


The primary objective of this thesis is to develop an index for the placement of reactive power support devices to ensure reliable operation of power systems. It is especially aimed at improving the load voltage profile and system security when loading is increased. Maintaining a good system voltage profile and security is an important aspect in voltage stability studies, especially with the ever increasing power consumption and system disturbances or contingencies. A new VAR support placement algorithm is developed using a standard continuation power flow and N-1 contingency criterion to pinpoint the best locations for the placement of VAR devices. The objective formulation takes into account the worst case voltage deviations at all load buses and at the same time maximizes the loading margin under different contingencies and loading levels. The algorithm has been tested on three standard benchmark test systems and demonstrates that the proposed algorithm improves considerably when compared to an existing method, for locating a suitable site for VAR support.The secondary objective of this research focuses on the important aspect of estimating andquantifying the voltage collapse risk with and without the VAR support. It is motivated bythe perception that VAR support guarantees additional security for the current system andis economically justifiable. A decision tree based model is designed for estimating the risk, which accounts for both the future system uncertainties and the consequences associated with violation of limits and voltage collapse. A case study on the standard IEEE 24 bus reliability test system investigates the different scenarios and evaluates the risk. The results prove that in spite of high installation costs, an SVC can make the system more reliable and ensure cost savings.


In recent years, the social demand toward ecological aspect of coastal area has been increasing. However, very little things have been known about the relationship between ecosystem and coastal environment. The objective of the present study is to investigate the transition of algae community on artificial reefs after construction, and the relationship between algae community on artificial reefs and intensity of wave-induced current around artificial reefs is discussed. It is concluded that the algae community on the artificial reefs on Takada Coast is influenced by the intensity of the wave-induced current around the artificial reef. Thus it might be possible to construct a naturefriendly artificial reef by using the relationship between algae community and wave-induced current revealed herein.


A brand-new explanation about the transverse buckling mechanism of strip in high temperature state on the continuous annealing production line(CAPL)is put forward--the traditional viewpoint that the transverse difference of temperature results in the buckling is incorrect,the main reason for the strip buckling is that the local tension converges toward the central width of strip results in the non-uniform tensile deformation,this resembles the wrinkling deformation in press forming.At the same time,the mechanics laws in the process of buckling are revealed by the analytical and finite element method.By using YBT test method for reference,the correctness of the analytical method and numerical calculation model is validated by uneven tensile test of sheet metal in cold state.The research brings forward a series of countermeasures to restrain the"heat buckling"of strip in the annealing furnace, and the application of which in the 2# CAPL of Bao Steel has achieved full success.


Multi-function pump control valve has the characteristics of automatic controlling of hydraulic valve,ease open when the pump turning on,first rapid closure and ease closure when the pump turning off,and it has the functions of three products of water hammer eliminator at pump outlet,gate(butterfly) valve and check valve.This valve was applied in high-pressure fire water system to implement the pump outlet transformation in Plastics Division of SINOPEC Shanghai Petrochemical Company Limited.It not only effectively reduced the failure rate of the high-pressure firefighting water system,allowing the system to be more secure and reliable,but also had good energy-saving function.


A semianalytic method to solve the multigroup transport equation is presented. Here, the collision source is represented as a piecewise continuous function in space, preserving its finite spatial moments. The angular flux is analytically evaluated. The performance of the method is compared with the DSN method in a problem of gamma-ray transport through a 1-m-thick block of iron. It is found that one can obtain accurate solutions with the present method using relatively coarse spatial cells, leading to a significant reduction in computing time.


In this study, we present evidence from, various sources to support the claim that gender and number have different processing loci in Spanish. After a short review of current linguistic accounts of the representation of gender and number in Spanish, we argue for a dissociation in the processing of gender and number information during sentence production, on the assumption that gender information is lexically specified whereas number information is retrieved and used in structure-building processes. Drawing on a taxonomy proposed for gender in Spanish nouns and adjectives, we report an analysis of speech error patterns and a study of word exchanges by instruction that provide converging evidence for our claims on dissociation. We also discuss the implications of our results for linguistic accounts of the representation of gender and number and for current psycholinguistic models of sentence production. *


interrelationships and decisions of real people. However, those interrelationships and decisions are permeable—herein lies the place of the indicative in ethical discourse—to God's politics which invites members of the koinonia to participate. To be a people who participate in God's politics is the key to 'maturity', a favourite theme of Lehmann's. Maturity, in Michelle Bartel's words, 'is what we are after, growth into the space that God creates with God's very own self in our world of time and space, "to make and to keep human life human"' (p. 173). Each contributor to this valuable volume makes it exceedingly clear why Lehmann's difficult essays and books are worth exploring. Three reasons stand out. First, Lehmann is a theologian. Doctrine as the provisional response to the contours of God's saving activity matters, precisely because at its best it describes the work of a God whose eventfulness gives rise to a new humanity. Doctrines such as the resurrection indicate, inasmuch as they are faithful to Scripture, that the coming of Christ is not a 'once upon a time'. The doctrine of the resurrection bespeaks, for example, revelation in the present tense, an economy which is contemporary to us and one that calls us to be its witnesses. Second, Lehmann's apocalyptically charged dogmatics demonstrates that theology, when continually transfigured by the parousia of Christ, never proceeds at the expense of humanity. God's apocalypse humanises, revolutionises. To envisage ethics apocalyptically is to envisage ethics humanely. Lehmann's theology is thus not one of sheer disruption. To be sure, there is a No. But the contributors argue, each in their own way, that the No includes the Yes, which recreates and preserves. The human is therefore the recipient of the benefits of this apocalypse precisely as it renders us participant in the revolt against the principalities and the powers. Third, Lehmann's ongoing significance to theology and ethics today is his theology's political thrust. Some might think that Lehmann is therefore one who champions a particular ideology or political point of view. While his politics are what one might call 'progressive', they transcend such an easy categorisation because of their indebtedness to God's particular politics. These politics are the politics of a new world. To conclude, this collection of essays is most worthwhile because it serves as a poignant call to contemporary theology to take seriously the presence of God the politician, that is, the presence of the one who is, in Brown's words, the 'purposed liberation (or, salvation) of all people for full participation in human fulfillment' (p. 145).


Sirs, We have read with great interest the paper by Heppel-Parton & Waters (Ch. Genet. 39, 93-96, 1991) on the identification of an extra microchromosome. This microchromosome was identified as a dicentric chromosome dic(lS)(qI1.2 or q12) with DA/ DAPI staining and the use of radioactive in situ hybridisation. A single copy probe localized to 15qll-13, pML34 (D15S9) was used (Donlon et al. 1986). This revealed a significant amount of silver grains on the intracentromeric sequence of the dicentric marker. The euchromatic region between the centromere of chromosome 15 and the proximal margin of q12 has been showii to be polymorphic and thus may not contain important genes (Hoo 1986). Aberrations of band 15q12, however, usually cause mental retardation with or without dysmorphic features. Since Heppel-Parton &Waters do not mention the presence of mental retardation in the mother and two sisters of the proband, we assume that the microchromosome does not include a 15q12 band. We wonder whether these results could lead to a more precise mapping of pML34. Kathelijine Mangelschots Bernadette Van Roy h q e Buntinx, MD


The topic is corn, a major ingredient in the typical 'finishing' steer diet. It was wondered if a diet of whole corn, ground corn or a combination of the two would result in additional weight gain in steers. a study was conducted to determined this.


The LXX-version of the Solomon Narrative contains two collections of notes on Solomon's deeds as a king. These texts, called Miscellanies, consist of near duplicates of passages from the main text of 3 Regum, translations of passages that have a counterpart in 1 Kings but not in the main text of 3 Regum, and elements that have neither a parallel in the main text of 3 Regum nor in 1 Kings. The structure and position of the Miscellanies suggest that they have been created as two units from the outset. The second possibility is merely theoretical, as there are no indications that the Miscellanies evolved in two stages of literary growth. The third possibility is the only one that is capable of explaining both the presumed coordination of materials and the difference in Greek between the main text and the Miscellanies.Keywords: Greek; literary growth; LXX; main text; Miscellanies; Regum; Solomon Narrative


Recent literature reveals that sex differences in performance actually might be reflections of sex differences in perceptions about the sex-appropriateness and the masculinity and femininity of certain activities. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the effects of perceived sex-appropriateness of a task upon performance of selected sport skills.


Pharmaceutical Inspection Cooperation Scheme (PIC/S) is an international instrument of interaction between countries and regulatory authorities in the sphere of quality control of medicines (by national pharmaceutical inspectorates), which together provide an active and constructive cooperation in the field of good manufacturing practices (GMP), inspection and licensing. Aim. To develop a strategy, tactics and sequence of applying adaptation mechanisms to the pharmaceutical industry legislation of Ukraine according to EU and the PIC/S requirements. Results. In 2010, within Ukraine joining to the PIC/S the starting audit of researches on adaptation of medicinal products quality standards to the international requirements was carried out. In the period from March 22 to 26, 2010 the PIC/S audit team performed the final audit in order to check the readiness of Ukraine to join the PIC/S. On November 8,2010 a decision on Ukraine's membership was made in Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia). Since January1, 2011 Ukraine has become the PIC/S member within the system of medicinal products circulation and quality control in accordance with GMP/GDP and EU Directive 2001/83/EC. During the period of Ukraine's accession to the PIC/S system, accordingly, this Directive was improved. At the VIII National pharmaceutical Congress (Kharkiv, September 14-16, 2016) 26 additions to the decision of Congress were proposed, including questions related to the PIC/S and other legislative initiatives. Conclusions. Legislative documents of the system of medicines quality control and circulation inspection are the international requirements of the PIC/S. The principles, measures and requirements were developed, discussed and accepted that contributed to the accession of Ukraine to the PIC/S system in 2011.


The invention discloses wax ester microcapsules and a spinning waxing method thereof, belonging to the field of physical treatment of fiber and yarns. The wax ester microcapsules are placed on spinning waxing equipment and then crushed in a mechanical crushing mode so that the microcapsule core material is stuck between the yarn surface and the fiber to realize yarn waxing. Chitosan is used as the wall material of a wax ester microcapsule; the microcapsule core material comprises antistatic agent or spinning surfactant, softening agent for spinning, wax and ester; and the wax ester microcapsules are prepared by a spray drying method or complex coacervation method. Through the invention, the shortcomings that the spinning wax coil needs to be replaced often in traditional spinning waxing, the remaining part is wasted and causes secondary pollution and the like are overcome, the cohesive force of fiber is enhanced, the dynamic friction coefficient of yarns is lowered, the hair flying phenomenon in a workshop is reduced, and the rate of certified products in weaving is increased.


th , 2012; revised: Nov. 23 rd , 2012; accepted: Dec. 10 th , 2012 Abstract: By using the BDM experimental auction, this paper researches consumers' willingness to pay for the pork with different information of traceability. The data was collected from 131 consumers of Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. The conclusion indicates that: female, young, well-educated and better familiarities with the traceability food, the WTP to the high level of the traceability food are higher. To produce different kinds of the traceability pork in order to meet market demand is not only the objective requirements for the producers, but also the demand of the food industry struc- tural transformation.


This paper focuses on time-optimal and time-energy optimal path tracking, which are subproblems in optimal motion planning of robot systems. Through a nonlinear change of variables, the time-energy optimal path tracking problem is transformed here into a convex optimal control problem with a single state variable. A direct transcription method is presented that reduces finding the globally optimal trajectory to solving a second-order cone program using robust numerical algorithms that are freely available. Application to a 6-DOF KUKA 361 industrial robot carrying out a writing task illustrates the practicality of the new method.


The invention relates to the technical field of medicine packaging designs, and particularly relates to a composite membrane for medicine packaging. The composite membrane comprises a release pasting-covering layer, a freshness retaining layer, an aluminum foil layer, a pattern printing layer and an anti-scraping layer with the viscosity on a single layer; the middle of the surface of the release pasting layer is provided with holes which are formed uniformly; the surface of the anti-scraping layer is provided with antislip bulges which are distributed uniformly; the edge of the anti-scraping layer and the edge of the release pasting-covering layer are bonded; the widths of the freshness keeping layer, the aluminum foil layer and the pattern printing layer are equal. The composite membrane for the medicine packaging is relatively simple in structure, and is convenient and practical; the middle of the surface of the release pasting-covering layer is provided with the holes which are formed uniformly, so that the release pasting-covering layer can be convenient to tear by users during use; pasting adhesive at a residual hole structure part cannot be left over, so that the freshness keeping layer of the hole structure part is in direct contact with medicines, and cannot pollute the medicines; the composite membrane for the medicine packaging is suitable for being popularized and applied.


This paper presents a framework that attempts to reconcile both psychological and sociological understandings surrounding student motivation and engagement. The MeE framework draws on research in the psychology of education undertaken by Martin (2001, 2002, 2003b, 2005) and in the sociology of education by the UWS Fair Go Project (2004a, 2004b)). In bringing together these two projects, the framework looks to overcome the inherent limitations in both psychological (failing to account for the wider dimensions of social power) and sociological (failing to fully understand the complexity of the individual) approaches. The paper will first describe the theoretical underpinnings and principles of the MeE Framework. It will then explore its practical possibilities as a heuristic that can provide educators with a tool to analyse schools and classrooms in order to make productive interventions aimed at encouraging students to develop powerful and enduring relationships with education.


To achieve the hygienic safety of food waste used as animal feed, a hydrothermal treatment process of 60–110 °C for 10–60 min was applied on the separated food waste from a university canteen. Based on the microbial analysis of raw waste, the inactivation of hygienic indicators of Staphylococcus aureus (SA), total coliform (TC), total aerobic plate counts (TPC), and molds and yeast (MY) were analyzed during the hydrothermal process. Results showed that indicators' concentrations were substantially reduced after hydrothermal treatment, with a greater reduction observed when the waste was treated with a higher temperature and pressure and a longer ramping time. The 110 °C hydrothermal treatment for 60 min was sufficient to disinfect food waste as animal feed from the viewpoint of hygienic safety. Results obtained so far indicate that hydrothermal treatment can significantly decrease microbial indicators' concentrations but does not lead to complete sterilization, because MY survived even after 60 min treatment at 110 °C. The information from the present study will contribute to the microbial risk control of food waste–amended animal feed, to cope with legislation on food or feed safety. Implications: Reduction of microbial indicators at ramping time and holding time during the hydrothermal process showed that hydrothermal treatment is an effective method to achieve hygienic feed from food waste to a certain extent, but the conditions researched in this study were not enough for the complete sterilization of food waste, because of the different heat resistance of bacteria and spores.


ABSTRACT: Management accounting in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has been an issue of growing interest in the management accounting literature in recent years. However, published research is fragmented, spanning various fields such as accounting, small business and entrepreneurship, general management, and production and operations management. This paper aims to synthesize extant knowledge on management accounting in SMEs and provide concrete suggestions on how to proceed. We performed a systematic literature review, synthesized the results, and identified research gaps. Our findings show that usage of management accounting is not only lower but also different in SMEs compared to larger entities. Based on a comparison of SMEs, the review explains how environmental, staff, and organizational factors significantly influence the organization of management accounting in SMEs and that SME performance in general benefits from proper management accounting. We conclude with several concrete research q...


But Schaberg reasons that if the women were watching, and she thinks they were, two things seem reasonable: a) they must have reported more than the brute fact of crucifixion, saying something in terms of an interpretation of the event, and b) if the women were watching, it seems reasonable that they would have watched until the end. After all of this exploration of the legends, the New Testament writings, the gnostic writings and various scholars' ideas about Mary Magdalene, Schaberg then posits four possibilities from a feminist perspective. One example, the appearance to Mary Magdalene, rather than being a minor, private, personal, or unofficial encounter between Jesus and his female follower, in which he kindly consoles her before making his official and public Easter appearances to male witnesses, was a primary source of resurrection faith. Schaberg proposes that there are elements in John 20 that coalesce with 2 Kings 2:1-15, and she concludes that these verses are remnants or shards of the Elijah/Elisha tradition. She believes that Jesus gave the mantle of authority to Mary Magdalene, just as Elijah gave his to Elisha. However, John has diluted the Magdalene tradition. In John, Mary Magdalene is a woman who misunderstands and whose knowledge is inadequate. Her insight is muted. No one responds to it. Mary's coming while it was still dark, her crying, looking for the body, attempting to cling to it, are all laden with erotic and misogynistic interpretations. Schaberg's book is not an easy read, but it is undeniably intriguing and valuable for the information and original thinking it provides. The large sections and chapters are well organized, and she eventually arrives at daring conclusions, but as with all complicated ideas, she has to explore all the options and answer all her critics before she can draw her conclusions. It is as if she is canoeing down a river and exploring each one of the coves and inlets along the way. The reader is expected to enter the coves without forgetting that it is only one aspect of the river and the goal of resurrecting Mary Magdalene.


Abstract Information pertaining to the nuclear structure of all nuclei with mass number A=242 is presented. Various decay and reaction data are evaluated and compared. Adopted data, levels, spin, parity and configuration assignments are given. When there are insufficient data, expectations from systematics of nuclear properties or/and calculations are quoted. Theoretical investigations concerning nuclear structure and properties of A=242 nuclei, are briefly mentioned.


【Objective】To evaluate the clinic value of endoscopic nasobiliary drainage(ENBD) in the diagnosis and treatment of biliary and pancreatic disease.【Methods】34 cases treated by ENBD were retrospectively analyzed from August 2002 to March 2007.【Results】All cases were operated on successfully.No postoperative complication such as bile leakage,Hemobilia,cholangitis,etc occurred.【Conclusions】ENBD has further image diagnostic value,injury is minimal,better biliary arainage decompression,safety of the selective operations is increased in the cases with biliary obstruction,therefore it is worth applying.


Profiles of the apparent solubility (37°) of triamterene (2,4,7-triamino-6-phenylpteridine) as a function of pH were obtained in the presence of hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric, phosphoric, and acetic acids. These diagrams permitted detection of complex salt species containing both protonated and unprotonated triamterene. The stoichiometries of the complexes were determined from the slopes of log ( S – S o ) versus pH plots and were confirmed by elemental analysis of the solid phases. Equilibria which explain the pH-solubility profiles of the various acids are proposed. The utility of the phase solubility technique in detecting and studying complex salts is discussed.


The linear accelerator being constructed for the Ecole Royale Militaire uses a very high voltage generator of the Cockcroft-Walton type as injector. The electronic stabilization circuit of this generator is described. (auth)


The percutaneous permeation of two oxidative hair dyes was measured by means of pig skin in a flow‐through diffusion cell system entirely constructed from Teflon. Pig skin membranes were prepared by reducing full thickness skin with a dermatome to a more in vivo‐like barrier layer and their integrity was checked by measuring the steady‐state permeation of tritiated water. Initially, the inter‐ and intraindividual variability of percutaneous permeation was determined with an aqueous solution of 1‐(2′‐hydroxyethyl)‐amino‐3,4‐methylenedioxybenzene‐hydrochloride, an oxidative hair dye component. In the same way the proper flow rate of elution fluid through the receptor cell was found to be most favourable at 10 ml h‐1, the thickness of permeation membranes was fixed at 1 mm, and it was shown that storage of the skin at −20°C for up to 35 days did not change the permeability. The percutaneous permeation of the same hair dye component and of 4‐amino‐2‐hydroxymethylphenol‐hydrochloride was determined after application to pig skin membranes under practical conditions of hair dyeing. The in vitro skin permeation was in the same order of magnitude as results from comparable in vivo skin absorption studies in rats.


A security device for vehicle tanks is provided which automatically assures the closing of tank valves when the tank is being filled or emptied and the vehicle is subjected to accidental displacement or other movement. The devie includes a vehicle displacement detector assembly comprising an oscillating arm which contacts either the ground or an element which moves the vehicle. Movement of this assembly, in turn, drives a transmission assembly, which is activated by the displacement of a roller driven by an oscillation shaft of the detector assembly. This transmission assembly is, in turn, connected to and controls a tank valve control.


We show that most search errors can be identified by aligning the results of a symmetric forward and backward decoding pass. Based on this knowledge, we introduce an efficient high-level decoding architecture which yields virtually no search errors, and requires virtually no manual tuning. We perform an initial forward- and backward decoding with tight initial beams, then we identify search errors, and then we recursively increment the beam sizes and perform new forward and backward decodings for erroneous intervals until no more search errors are detected. Consequently, each utterance and even each single word is decoded with the smallest beam size required to decode it correctly. On all tested systems we achieve an error rate equal or very close to classical decoding with ideally tuned beam size, but unsupervisedly without specific tuning, and at around 2 times faster runtime. An additional speedup by factor 2 can be achieved by decoding the forward and backward pass in separate threads.


We introduce the basic concepts of quantum strategy and quantum evolution stable strategy and use them to analyze the Hawk-Dove game. We find that quantum strategy can realize the Pareto equilibrium by Dove-Dove strategy and the Hawk-Hawk strategy is not only a Nash equilibrium, but also a quantum evolution stable strategy when the re- source gain is larger than the loss in the Hawk-Dove game.


It is entirely appropriate that Chinook Jargon was included in a conference on Arctic pidgins even though its linguistic form has little to do with the Arctic. Furthermore, the Chinook were not themselves Arctic people but lived at the end of the eighteenth century (and into the nineteenth century, of course) at the mouth of the Columbia River in what is today the state of Washington. But Chinook Jargon has a right to be considered a pidgin of probable (or at least possible) Arctic origin, as I would like to argue. (The phrase "Arctic origin" in this paper is to be understood in a special sense, as will immediately become clear.) The history of Chinook Jargon necessarily starts with the earliest contact that Europeans had with the northwest coast of North America, for trade was maritime. It brought certain kinds of foreigners (not all of whom were white, as will be seen) into the area. It was this contact, I believe, that led to the origin of Chinook Jargon, and arguments for a pre-contact existence, while reasonable (but not thoroughly argued), are in my opinon weaker, as I hope to have already demonstrated in print (Samarin 1986b, 1988b; cf. Hymes 1980, Thomason 1984). It should be made clear, however, that I see no linguistic, sociocultural, or psychological reason why pidgins could not have emerged from time to time in contexts other than those of European trade and colonization. (Indeed, attestations of some such pidgins in recent years are fairly convincing.) It is simply that we happen to know most about colonial or trade pidgins. In this chapter the history of Chinook Jargon is advanced by considering the domestic relations between foreigners and native women that soon followed contact, the argument being that it may have been mixed marriages, as much as, if not more than, what has been called trade, that led to the development of this lingua franca. Whatever may have been the jargon's conception, its gestation, shall we say, was in this social context.


A program designed to improve child-rearing skills and teach infant development to pregnant teenagers and school-age mothers is described. Small groups of new and expectant mothers are visited by developmental psychologists in an alternative school setting. A recent graduate of the program and her infant serve as the focus of discussion and demonstration. Evaluation f 159 respondents suggests sensitization of school-age parents to the needs of young children reasons for infant behavior individual differences age-appropriate play materials scheduling patterns and other child-rearing issues. This model of parent education could be easily adapted for groups of expectant parents irrespective of age education and social class. (authors)


Standard & Poor has downgraded the state of Greece to non-investment level; but the ratings of the 3 agencies (Fitch, Moody's) differ. Numerous so-called financial experts and economiists working for banks and investment companies confirm the panicky climate about the solvability of Greece, Portugal, Spain - all three have socialists governments. Commercial media widely propagate these opinions. Often the banks were saved by government intervention, or their staff are under investigation for fraud, for example with CDO's of subprimes. They reserve billions for settlements and bad investment. Hedgefunds made billions of profit bedding against pound sterling or the subprime market while selling subprime derivatives to their clients. Secretary-general of the OECD Gurria compares Greece to Ebola virus: "...you have to cut off a leg in order to survive". Meanwhile corporations publish rising profit of billions. A different approach is proposed by the international trade unions ITUC: the financial transaction tax that might generate 200 to 900 billion dollar per year depending on modalities and rates between 0.01-0.5%.


New switching power supplies were designed for the 10 mm laser amplifiers in the Nova Master Oscillator Room. The flashlamp supply must be repratable. Therefore, we designed a constant current, linearly charging power supply. Since it is a capacitor, the load varies throughout the charge cycle. At first the load is great, and di/dt of load current is at a maximum. As the capacitor charges the initial conditions for each cycle change, the power supply in effect sees a smaller capacitance, and di/dt decreases. We need a way of gradually increasing the on-time of the current pulses so that the transistors in the power bridge are turned off when they reach their maximum peak current. The normal current sense response of the control chip is not fast enough to be useful for our application. The deadtime, or the time that all the bridge transistors are turned off, is fixed so that as the pulse width varies so does the period. We end up with a constant peak current, switching power supply whose frequency varies from 50 khz to 20 khz. Finally, an overcurrent latch protects the transistors from bridge or transformer faults. The circuit is described and results are shown.


The educational and training systems south of the Sahara have reached a dead end, since they can no longer effectively assume their educational and training obligations. They are not only uncompetitive on the labor market, but also create unemployment. The advent of globalization, with its effects on job mobility, the standardization of diplomas, regionalization, and increased economic competition are forcing them to react and apply international standards. Although remedies, internally or externally imposed, are in use, they remain inefficient. The solutions, therefore, to this dead end lie neither in inadequate provision of degree courses nor in various attempts at educational innovation. Overall solutions could involve a review of the objectives and targets of these educational and training systems. They are admittedly a totally different social element, which should, however, open them up to the rest of the world.


The image of Jews, as the "other", constructed in Oliver Twist by Dickens and reconstructed in its Chinese translation by Wen'an He (1977/1997) is studied at the level of lexical items from the perspective of imagology in this paper. Lexical items involving the image of Fagin, the representative of Jews, are negative in the source work.In translating the lexical items to reconstruct Fagin's image, the translator retains the features of irony and vulgarity carried with them. So, the image of Fagin is generally transported into the target culture basically unchanged. However, due to the translator's individual reason or the social background of China at that time, those lexical items with religious connotation in the source text are translated without explanation, and as a result, the image of Jews constructed by this kind of lexical items fails to be conveyed to the target readers.


This book explores, describes and lays out possible ways to train children in the use of their feelings and their fantasies within the school setting. This means not simply acting out or withdrawing but learning to master, utilize and develop these states just as children now master intellectual skills. Jones incorporates Bruner's suggestions regarding simple cognitive skills (Bruner, J. S. Toward a theory of instruction. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1966) and then discusses the next step-the develop-


A mobile communication terminal including a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) reader includes a base band unit for controlling communications, a Radio Frequency (RF) unit for transceiving a signal representing voice and data communications with an external mobile communication terminal, and an RFID unit for transceiving an RFID signal with a RFID transponder in a high frequency band through the RF unit. An RFID RF block may shares components with the RF unit including an antenna, an antenna switch module and a high output amplifier unit to reduce circuit area consumption. The RFID signal may be transceived over a UHF band to increase an operating range of the RFID.


A comparative study between Pliocene-Pleistocene and present day inner shelf deposits, considering both grain-size distribution and the present day hydrodynamic conditions, at west Portuguese Coastal Margin, is conducted. The modal grain-size analysis indicates that the west Portuguese Plio-Pleistocene inner shelf sediments are made of a mixture of several populations. The coarser populations (mode >0.5 mm, 1O) result from reworking of previous shoreface and beach deposits after storm events or are related with transgressive ravinement lags. The intermediate population, with modes around 0.125 to 0.250 mm (3 to 2O), should be in equilibrium with the hydrodynamic storm conditions in the inner shelf. This population is also the main constituent of the present day inner shelf cover between 10 and 25 meters depth. The finer population, with modes around 32μm (5O), is probably deposited from suspension during fair-weather periods. Under the high hydrodynamic winter storm conditions this population remains in suspension and tends to be mobilized to outer shelf locations by downward currents. It is expected that the mud size population proportion in bulk sediment should increases basinward, but this proportion may as well be influenced by post-depositional processes in ancient deposits.


A model is developed for diagnosis of faulty systems when symptoms are observable. The model considers the probabilities of various malfunctions conditioned on the observable symptom, pij the probability of having the ith malfunction when observing the jth symptom, and the costs of testing various malfunctions. In practice, the exact values of these parameters are very difficult to obtain; under this condition, adaptive techniques can be used to improve our knowledge of these unknown parameters from results of past diagnoses leaning observations. When the learning observations used to improve the knowledge of pij are from the successful diagnosis in which the malfunction was found, then the optimal adaptive diagnostic procedure is defined as the one that yields minimum expected mean diagnostic cost based on the present state of knowledge of pij. The necessary and sufficient conditions satisfied by such a procedure are derived. The value of learning observations is the difference in the expected cost of the diagnostic procedure with and without learning observation data. A method for computing this value is presented.


Nonconformities are core elements which affect welding process performance. They are, among others, the result of technical and organisational reasons and they occur on different stages of the process. Fulfilling the requirements of quality management systems based on PN-EN ISO 9001 and PN-EN ISO 3834 supports reducing the risk of nonconformities occurrence and as a result, limits their consequences. The aim of the article is to illustrate the influence of nonconformities on welding processes and on welding construction performance.


Depending on the species and culture conditions, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) has been shown to have pleiotropic effects on the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). In this study, we characterized the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 on the differentiation of porcine MSC. The MSC were isolated from bone marrow of young pigs and grown in DMEM + 10% fetal bovine serum and antibiotics (BM). Cells received either BM, BM + 10−8 M 1,25(OH)2D3 or BM + 10−7 M 1,25(OH)2D3 with complete media changes every 3d for a total of 12d of culture. On d 3, 6, 9, and 12 cell proliferation was measured using a MTS‐based assay, and samples were collected for gene expression analysis. Regardless of treatment, there was a linear increase in cell numbers over time up to 6d (P < 0.05), after which the cell numbers plateaued. Proliferation was reduced by treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 in a dose dependent manner (P < 0.05). The concentrations of mRNAs encoding peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARG), CCAAT enhancing binding protein (CEBP), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and adipocyte‐binding protein 2 (AP2) were increased (P < 0.05) by treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 in a dose‐dependent manner. These changes seen with 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment are suggestive of an increase in adipocytic differentiation.


This paper attempts to analyze the determinants of profitability of the Turkish Banking sector (TBS). Our results showed that Edwards - Heggestad - Mingo risk aversion effect is valid for TBS. However, there is no evidence that expense preferense theory is also valid. The most important result is that public banks work inefficiently and thus adversely affect the profitability of the sector.


A well‐posed physics‐based compact model for a three‐terminal silicon–oxide–nitride–oxide–silicon (SONOS) synaptic circuit element is presented for use by neuromorphic circuit/system engineers. Based on technology computer aided design (TCAD) simulations of a SONOS device, the model contains a nonvolatile memristor with the state variable QM representing the memristor charge under the gate of the three‐terminal element. By incorporating the exponential dependence of the memristance on QM and the applied bias V for the gate, the compact model agrees quantitatively with the results from TCAD simulations as well as experimental measurements for the drain current. The compact model is implemented through VerilogA in the circuit simulation package Cadence Spectre and reproduces the experimental training behavior for the source–drain conductance of a SONOS device after applying writing pulses ranging from −12 V to +11 V, with an accuracy higher than 90%.


This paper attempts to combine technology lifecycle and open innovation to discuss the mechanism based on the existing research literatures, redefines and divides the stage of technology lifecycle according to the law of technology development, namely technology research and development stage, technology application stage, technology mature stage, technology recession stage. The paper studies the leading factors of open innovation in the different stage of technology lifecycle, and furthers to reveal the mechanism of open innovation based on technology lifecycle. Because of the different characteristics and resource endowment in the different stage of technology lifecycle, enterprise should take the different open innovation strategy. In the end, the paper puts forward some countermeasures about open innovation in the different stage of technology lifecycle.


3in the basal ganglia (Fig1A), TE=50ms, TR= 2 s, data acquisition duration=512 ms. The "WET" water suppression method (10) was applied before the acquisition sequence. The 1D spectra were processed using the MestRec(11) program. The voxel was placed in basal ganglia. The first data set was acquired in phase cycling mode (12) with 128 averages. The second data set was acquired in phase-rotation mode, with 128 phase increments where the phase increments for the three RF pulses were 22.5 o , -22.5 o and 22.5 o . The phase of the receiver was kept constant. In both spectra, the subject's starting position was with the brain midline making ~45 o with the vertical axis (Fig1A). Half way through either experiment, the subject was asked to rotate brain, clockwise, so that brain midline was parallel with magnet vertical axis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The localizer and initial position of the voxel position is shown in Fig1A. The raw data, acquired in phase-rotation mode, is shown in Fig1B. There is a noticeable increase in phase value along the vertical phase domain, even before FT. FT applied in both domains produces the PRESS desired signal along row 24 excluding motion-effected signal (Fig1C). When the same experiment was repeated in phase cycling mode, Fig1D was obtained after FT was applied to the raw data. The quality of water suppression deteriorated as a result of motion and gave rise to a broad residual water peak which was challenging to remove in post processing mode. The sharp lines obtained in phase-rotation are superior to the broad lines obtained in phase-cycling method. Also noteworthy in this result is the larger motion amplitude to illustrate the difference between the two methods. As predicted, motion produced a variation in the phase of the acquired signal, which can be detected as an change in the phase value in raw data, before applying FT (Fig1B). The size of this phase increase is proportional to the motion amplitude. Random variations of static magnetic field are expected to cause a change in the phase of acquired signal, but this source of error was not evaluated due to the reported low field drift of the magnet. High Bo fields are expected to benefit more from the proposed technique, due to the increased effect on spectral line width as a result of motion and increased magnetic susceptibility. CONCLUSION The Phase-rotation technique can be used to filter out signal that has been affected by motion in spectroscopic examinations, to produce narrow-lined spectra. This is an improvement over phase cycling techniques that rely on data averaging in the time domain.


LNG (liquefied natural gas) is considerably expensive because it requires additional costs such as liquefaction, transportation, storage and evaporation. While natural gas is less expensive at the location where it is produced. Therefore LNG is mainly used for town gas rather than for feed stock of chemical industry. In Japan, the mass culture of hydrocarbon utilizing micro organism for the production of cattle feed containing large amount of protein is planned recently, using n-paraffine as substrate.Methane can also be used for the above mentioned purpose and furthermore it is far cheaper than n-paraffine. However research for the culture of methane utilizing micro organism is still in immature stage.When LNG is evaporated a large amount of cold water can be obtained by latent heat of evaporation.The aerobic culture of the hydrocarbon utilizing micro organism generates much heat therefore, a large amount of cooling water is required. In case LNG is used, the effect of the said latent heat can be highly evaluated, and cost of cooling can naturally be deducted from the price of LNG


Rubber latex is widely used in many applications. One method used to improve new properties of rubber latex is an introduction of some special functional groups into the molecular mainchain. Progresses in this field have been rapidly enhanced by the possibility of creating systems that combine the unique properties of specific active functional groups and those of high molecular weight polymers. In this work, chemical modification was employed to prepare functionalized rubber latex via photocatalytic reaction using TiO2 film as a catalyst. Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and natural skim rubber (skim) latex were starting materials in this study. An appropriate TiO2 film was prepared by spin-coating method and calcined at 550 C, twice. Crystalline form of TiO2 film analyzed by XRD was anatase only. Photodecomposition of methylene blue (MB) in the presence of TiO2 film was faster than that of MB in the absence of one, indicating the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 film. Photocatalytic activity of TiO2 film decreased with increase in the time used due to an impurity adsorbed on the TiO2 film surface, but the initial value could be recovered by a long period of UV-cleaning. Subsequently, the functionalization of rubber latex was investigated under UV irradiation in the presence of TiO2 film. The chemical structures of rubber samples were characterized by FTIR, ATR, H-NMR spectroscopies. In the case of SBR latex, the hydroxyl functional group was observed after 3 h of irradiation, using 20% H2O2 and UV 80W, paralleling the crosslinking side reactions. The enormous gel formation of SBR samples, therefore, obstructed the further characterization of microstructures and limited an application in both latex and solid forms. In the case of skim latex, the appropriated condition providing a hydroxyl group and lower side reactions was 1 h of irradiation time using 5-10% (w/w) of H2O2 and low UV power. The weight average molecular weight of skim rubber products slightly decreased from 2 10 to 1 10 g/mol. Functionalization of skim latex via photocatalytic reaction using TiO2 was energy-saving and environmental-friendly reaction because of its short reaction time, low consumption of UV power, small amount of H2O2 and reusability of TiO2 film.


We improve error bounds based on VC analysis for classes with sets of similar classifiers. We apply the new error bounds to separating planes and artificial neural networks.


Corrosion behavior of heavily drawn bundled Copper-niobium filamentary micro-composite was studied as a function of niobium content to develop the relationship between microstructure and corrosion behavior in aqueous 30% HCI-FeCl3 solution. TEM observation revealed that niobium filaments were distributed regularly in copper matrix along the sides of a triangular unit cell in the transverse section and more sub-grain boundaries were absorbed at copper/niobium phase boundaries with increasing niobium content. The corrosion potential and rate in aqueous 30% HC1-10% Fe Cl3 was -680.3mVSHE and 1.179×10~(-5) A/cm2. The corrosion potential and rate decreased as increasing niobium content and FeCl3. The yield stress can be described as the sum of the substructure strengthening component due to elongated grains, subgrains and/or cells, the phase boundary strengthening term associated with the Hall-Petch type interaction between dislocations and phase boundaries and precipitate strengthening component.


The present invention discloses a diesel engine for connecting the intermediate shaft and the hydraulic dynamometer, comprising a first flange and a second flange projecting from an inner surface of the first flange, the first flange an outer retraction direction facing the second flange forming a groove; further comprises a first through hole and second through holes, a first through hole penetrating the first flange and a second flange connected to a second surface and a recess the outer surface of the flange; and a second through hole through a first flange to connect the inner and outer surface of the first flange; connected by a first flange member through the first through hole and the crankshaft of the diesel engine corresponding to the through hole, and the first connecting member is exposed from one end of the recess and / or from one end flange of the crankshaft of the diesel engine is exposed through the first fixing member is fixed; the second connecting member by passing through the second shaft connecting flange through hole and hydraulic dynamometer corresponding to the through hole, and the second connecting member is exposed from the inner surface of the first end flange and / or exposed from the hydraulic dynamometer shaft connecting flange a second end fixed by the fixing member.


With the continuous development of theories, numerical computations and computational conditions, computational aero-acoustics presents huge advantages when they are used to solve the aerodynamic noise. Under low Mach number, objects with complex geometric profiles were selected as the research objects to research their aerodynamic noises at stationary and motion conditions by means of hybrid flow and sound separation algorithm for aerodynamic noise based on immersed boundary method (IBM). Firstly, the incompressible flow field was solved based on immersed boundary method, in order to obtain the flow field parameters as the input values, and solve the linearized acoustic perturbation compressible equation under non-uniform Cartesian meshes. As a result, the generation and diffusion of acoustic waves can be simulated. The circumferential flow field of two tandem circular cylinders was firstly completed and compared with the published test results to verify its reliability of the method proposed in this paper. And at different observation points, the noise distribution characteristics of two tandem circular cylinders were studied, showing that the noise in the vertical plane was distributed symmetrically and its noise intensity was greater than that in the horizontal plane. Moreover, the effect of different cylindrical diameters on radiation noise distribution was also studied, showing that the larger the cylindrical diameter was, the radiation noise close to the cylinder was smaller. Sound radiation problems of flapping wing motion were further studied by IBM, and this model was featured with obvious directivity in terms of its acoustic radiation, similar to the dipole sound source, and obvious periodicity regarding its acoustic pressure distribution. With good generality and practicability, this method can be also used for solving aerodynamic noise problems of other machines.


Using variation in firms' exposure to their CEOs resulting from hospitalization, we estimate the effect of chief executive officers (CEOs) on firm policies, holding firm‐CEO matches constant. We document three main findings. First, CEOs have a significant effect on profitability and investment. Second, CEO effects are larger for younger CEOs, in growing and family‐controlled firms, and in human‐capital‐intensive industries. Third, CEOs are unique: the hospitalization of other senior executives does not have similar effects on the performance. Overall, our findings demonstrate that CEOs are a key driver of firm performance, which suggests that CEO contingency plans are valuable.


Abstract : Work under this contract involves technical support with sonar testing, test instrumentation, and documentation. This report describes progress made under the tasks that are still active under the subject contract.


Parallel determinations were made of the concentration of MtH and StH in the sera of rats with spontaneous, estrogen‐induced and grafted pituitary tumors and, for a base, in sera of normal rats of both sexes, in various physiologic states, following oophorectomy and treatment with gonadal hormones.


According to the invention, the test system uses a digital photography device (4) that can be remotely controlled from a computer system including a processor (20) coupled to a man/machine interface (21) and to the presentation device to be tested by a remote transmission means. A means is further provided for centring the photographic apparatus (4) opposite the presentation device (5) to be tested. The processor (20) is programmed so as to carry out a self-positioning phase of the photographic apparatus, an automatic focalisation phase of the lens, and a test phase of the information presentation device.


With the growing scale of power distribution system, the network frame structure is increasingly complex, and the traditional reliability prediction methods are faced with different degrees of limitations. The application of the big data technology has provided a new way to solve this problem. This paper proposes a reliability prediction method of distribution network based on rough set theory and neural network. First, according to the correlation analysis method based on rough set theory, the correlation index of information entropy was established to extract the strong correlation factors as input to the prediction model. The correlation index of information entropy is established, to extract the strong correlation factors as input to the prediction model. Then the neural network is trained by historical data samples to obtain prediction model, and the genetic algorithm is used to optimize the initial weight and threshold of neural network, in order to improve the convergence speed of neural network and realize a rapid prediction of distribution system reliability. Finally, taking Beijing yearbook data as an example to verify the method, and the results show that the method is effective and operable.


Zhengyu Luo, Geoffrey Y. Akita, Taro Date, Christopher Treleaven, Karen A. Vincent, Denise Grafts in Pigs Intimal Hyperplasia and Luminal Stenosis of Arteriovenous Polytetrafluoroethylene -Adrenergic Receptor Kinase C-Terminus Reduces β Adenovirus-Mediated Expression of Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online ISSN: 1524-4539 Copyright © 2005 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Circulation doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.0000160357.80517.92 2005;111:1679-1684; originally published online March 21, 2005; Circulation. http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/111/13/1679 World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, is located on the


In the frame of 4 and 8-degree wavelength routing cross-connects, we examine the design of modular, colorless, and directionless add/drop blocks enabling internal blocking ratio smaller than 1% even in case of partial failure.


Findings of this study suggest that Turkish SMEs happen to experience obstacles in raising finance to improve and develop their business environment. In particular, as information asymmetry and uncertain economic environment are the key barriers, financial constraints turn out to be main handicap for SMEs' survival. Despite its own merits, SME owners, in family business case, are reluctant to take external finance for their projects with the intention not to lose their independence and control.  The main purposes of this study are firstly to investigate the issue of financing of SMEs in Turkey in the theoretical context and secondly to make policy suggestions for the future.  Miller and Modigliani  (1958)'s basic capital structure theory, Myers, (1984)'s trade off theory, and Myers and Majluf (1984)'s the pecking order theory are the key standing theories to examine SMEs' capital structure needs. The results of this study are similar to those reported for most Western economies that owners of SMEs follow a pecking order theory and prefer retained profit to external finance in order to cover their financing gaps.


Carboneous compounds deposit (coke) inside the pores or on the outer surface of zeolites and are the principal cause of their deactivation during the transformation of organic reactants. This deactivation increases considerably the cost of the process and great efforts are being made to find methods to limit the formation of coke and its deactivating effect and to regenerate the activity. The modes of coking and of deactivation of zeolites are now well understood


The addition of a brominated epoxy resin as a chain extender to di-, tri-, and tetrafunctional epoxy systems cured with diaminodiphenylsulfone has been investigated. The effect of increased BER content on the glass transition temperature of the cross-linked systems is discussed. The Tg of these systems is in the order Tg (tri) > Tg (tetra) > Tg (di). The contributions of the chemical structure and the cross-link density to the glass transition temperature are calculated. The kinetics of the reaction was followed dynamically by DSC. The overall order of the reaction and activation energies decrease with increased BER content. The thermal stability of these systems is also discussed.


Specialists in ancient biography will welcome this book, which should also interest historians of politics and literature in general, and papyrologists. From photographs Gallo has re-edited seven papyri (P. Oxy. 1367 (Heracleides Lembos);P. Haun. 6 (figures of the Ptolemaic dynasty);?. Lit. Lond. 123 (on Alcibiades) ;P.S.7. 144 and P. Mich. 10 (both on Demosthenes);P. Oxy. 680 (travels of Solon); P. Mil. 2.48 (anecdote on Pyrrhus)) with conservative caution, scholarship, and imagination in due measure, excising predecessors' extravagances, but not hesitating to make suggestions of his own. These are often further explained, with other points of detail, in Commentaries appended to each text to supplement the pertinent ancient Testimonia and Apparatus which, most usefully, appear below it—and, for the more observant, at least, sometimes suffice without further enarratio. (The Translations, too, will seldom be needed.) If, even so, the Commentary seems on occasion rather laconic (e.g. on Alcibiades in 415/14 Gallo subsumes all modern interpretation under only two references— perhaps justifiably, if he had nothing new to say; on the Salaminia, add Ath. Pol. 67, 1 with Sandys's note, weakening his argument for late composition of this passage), missing (e.g. ad P. Haun. 6, 1.22. Ev%eivov; P. Mich. 10. Fr. A-B Col. II, 1.9 T& OTpaTicoTtxa and difficulty in repealing Eubulus' Law by i//770ia/ia) or open to question (e.g. suggested chronological dislocation ibid. Col. I, 11.3—12; supposed reference to the battle of Andros, P. Haun. 6, 1.8 f. vaunaxfjoaq an. [ . . . ] / "Avbpov)—it is in general competent, honest, and lucid, and particularly helpful on Hercleides Lembos' epitome of Hermippus on lawgivers, the baffling enigmas of the Ptolemaic pinax and the Travels of Solon. Besides, the Commentaries have lost some material to the Introductions also devoted to each text. These, after concise papyrological and palaeographic data, discuss at length literary classification and, if required, date of composition—again with honesty and judgement (if also a noticeable taste for disputation) in picking a way through the evidence and carefully amassed modern opinion.


The developing of humanity consciousness plays a very important role in advanced education.Based on the students' physical and psychological characteristic and learning technique,advanced physical education should focus on the strengthening of the humanity consciousness with the guidance of humanity education target.During this process,three aspects must be paid much attention: the combination between knowledge and understanding,knowledge and behavior and behavior and behavior developing.


Wall-resolved large eddy simulation on a supersonic turbulent boundary layer over a [Formula: see text] compression ramp is performed under the framework of high order discontinuous methods for a free-stream Mach number [Formula: see text] and Reynolds number [Formula: see text]. The turbulent flow is resolved by the high order flux reconstruction method, and the shock is captured by a high-resolution, but stable weighted essentially non-oscillation limiter. The solver used in this paper is validated by the double Mach reflection case and the Taylor–Green vortex case. The results of shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction at the ramp corner are validated by the numerical simulations and the experimental data in the literature. The analysis of the physics behind the turbulence amplification at around the ramp corner is presented. The shear effects and the flow deceleration/acceleration are the main reasons of the turbulence amplification.


In order to improve the detector collection of generation rate,this paper proposes a kind of improvement chaos negative selection algorithm.Because the Logistic map fold number of times is limited,it uses the chaos sequence which produces from self-map to have a better chaos characteristic.The new algorithm can enhance the production speed of detector collection effectively,cover the examination space well,and has better security.


More specific purpose driven social networking sit es have emerged since social networking sites have gai ned popularity by bringing people with shared interests together to interact. In health care, they are referred as Heal th Social Networks (HSNs). Given the sensitive nature of hea lth information, trust is fundamental for them. The emergence of pervasive and ubiquitous computing environment and overwhelming information available online is helping the health social networking sites gain popularity at a fast pace. Health social networkers are willing to create, sha re or retrieve trustworthy health or lifestyle related information . Therefore, it is essential that trust is stipulated and scruti nised to understand how the users perceive healthcare, how t hey decide to interact with HSNs. This paper analyses external factors such as perceived information quality, perceived sy stem quality, perceived reputation and perceived trust s igns which impact the trust model for HSNs. In particular, 'perceived reputation' based on the factor 'who has recommende d the site' is given an emphasis on this paper. It highli ghts that popularity of social networking sites is changing t he way trust models have been defined in the past. This is becau se social relationships created via social networking sites a re also impacting on choosing the HSNs and how users are sh aring health information on these platforms. Keywords-Online health information; social networking sites; health social networks; trust model.


A pairwise switch-connection mechanism for interconnecting multiple token passing ring networks is proposed. The total number of internetwork packet store-and-forwards occurring at the bridges can be significantly reduced under the new switching method. A simple scheduling algorithm is developed to guarantee non-overlapped pairwise connection among the interconnected ring networks. Easy network access can be achieved through the use of different types of free tokens and local timers. Only simple table look-up operation is needed for the internetwork address translation. Therefore, the internetwork packets can be routed efficiently. Finally, simulation results are provided to show the fair network throughput under such switch-connection approach.<<ETX>>


Many applications employ PWM voltage source inverter fed by a front-end diode rectifier. In some circumstances, such as in UPS, a boost of the voltage is required. The commonly available solution such as the use of AC step-up transformers, or the substitution of the front-end stage with an active rectifier, or the addition of a chopper in the DC link are either complicated or expensive. A well known alternative is the use of a current source inverter (CSI) instead of the VSI. However, the CSI requires reverse blocking capabilities for the switching devices, then it is not practicable using standard IGBT packages. A possible and not yet studied solution is to combine three boost choppers, in order to obtain a VSI allowing both a voltage step-up and the AC output. In this paper, after the introduction of the mathematical model of the proposed converter, some design considerations are discussed and its behaviour using sliding mode control is analysed. Simulations confirm the effectiveness of the proposed solution.


Acromegaly is a condition characterized by chronic growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion due to a pituitary adenoma in more than 95% of cases. Cardiovascular changes, found in up to 60% of patients, represent the main cause of morbidity and mortality. Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is the clinical syndrome that occurs after spontaneous hemorrhage or infarction of the pituitary gland, usually in the setting of a pre-existent adenoma. We report a case of acromegaly diagnosed after a heart failure event in a patient who, after experiencing a PA episode, showed resolution of acromegalic cardiomyopathy (AM) and cure of acromegaly. The patient was a 79-year-old woman with a history of high blood pressure (HBP) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) diagnosed 15 years before, well controlled and being treated with amlodipine, lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide, metformin, and glibenclamide. The patient attended the emergency room for anginal chest pain with complete left bundle branch block in ECG and no elevation of myocardial necrosis biomarkers. She was admitted with a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome, and treatment was started with double antiaggregation therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel) and low molecular weight heparin. The patient experienced rapidly progressive dyspnea, with blood pressure levels of 220/120 mmHg, and showed clinical and radiographic signs consistent with acute lung edema. A physical examination showed a weight of 65 kg, a height of 158 cm (body mass index 26 kg/m2), a 3/6 mitral systolic murmur, and coarse facial features, with a growth of acral parts, macroglossia, prognathism, diastema, acrochordons, and goiter, all of them suggesting acromegaly. The patient reported hand growth and a shoe size increase of two sizes over the previous 15 years. Laboratory tests results included glucose, 107 mg/dL; glycosylated hemoglobin, 7.9%; cholesterol, 177 mg/dL; triglycerides, 64 mg/dL. An ECG showed


The present invention relates to compounds that inhibit phosphodiesterase 4 and corresponding to the formula (I). The invention also relates to methods of using the compounds of formula (I), in the prevention or treatment of asthma, atopic determatitis, rheumatoid polyarthritis, functional colopathies, pulmonary arterial hypertension, liver attacks, bone rarefaction, septic shock or multiple sclerosis. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of formula (I).


Background: The host´s structural characteristics provide diverse microhabitats that influence the distribution patterns of the epiphytes at different vertical zones and among tree species.Hypotheses: Epiphytic orchids have preference for larger host trees and with non-exfoliating rough bark, while the limiting hosts will be those of smaller size and smooth and exfoliating bark, and there will be fewer individuals in the upper canopy of the host trees because the micro-environmental conditions are more stressful compared to the middle and lower parts of the host trees.Methods: The host preferences and vertical distribution of the epiphytic orchids were analyzed in 20 montane cloud forest fragments. In each fragment, two transects of 2 × 50 m were drawn, and the trees with a diameter at a breast height ≥ 20 cm were recorded. In each tree, basal area was quantified and bark texture was characterized. In each tree and vertical zone, the orchid species present were identified and quantified.Results: Orchid distribution patterns vary between vertical zones and host tree species, and the richness is related to host size and bark texture. The highest species richness and number of epiphytic orchid's individuals were recorded in host trees with fissured bark and larger size. The distribution of orchids in the host was not homogeneous nor was it related to any particular host species. However, five trees species were considered as host preferred, while five tree species were limiting hosts. The highest richness was recorded in vertical zone II and the lowest in zones I and V.Conclusions: Larger trees contain greater richness of epiphytic orchids, because they offer better conditions for their establishment, provide a great diversity of microhabitats, greater time and area for epiphytic colonization events. The texture of the bark is a relevant factor in the host preference, and in the hosts with smooth bark, the presence of epiphytic orchids depends on the accumulation of organic matter.


Notwithstanding the advances of the past 40 years in imaging—which is, in effect, an extension of the examination—physical signs remain central to the physician's assessment of patients, especially those with acute illness. Failure to detect these signs contributes to misdiagnosis. To be effective clinicians, physicians must have a competent examination technique, and also need a clear understanding of what the signs can and can't reveal in a given clinical situation.


The area of research interest in this study was the degree of transfer of complex teaching strategies or models of teaching into the ongoing classroom practice of newly graduated teachers. The population surveyed, over two consecutive years, was all graduates of the Graduate Diploma of Education who were in their first year of teaching at the time of the study (response rate=98%). The study sought information by means of a telephone survey using a structured interview schedule utilising both quantitative and qualitative questions. This research found a higher rate of transfer of complex teaching strategies than that reported in similar studies drawn from a review of the literature. A third of the total number of respondents in both populations implemented three strategies with some being successful with five different complex models. Teachers who successfully utilised two or more complex strategies in their regular teaching practices appeared to exhibit high levels of self-efficacy, sound self-reflection techniques, and reported feeling more in control and less stressed than their colleagues. Gender appeared to be a factor affecting the ability to incorporate new learning into a graduate teacher's regular teaching practices.


This paper analyzes the sequence stratigraphy feature, lithology facies distribution, reservoir features and the distribution and control factors of the 3rd member of Xujiahe formation in Yuanba area, on the basis of the theory of high resolution sequence stratigraphy and core observation results. The target zone has been divided into one long sequence and five short sequences, corresponding to five sand groups. The experimental analysis of cores reveals that the reservoir belongs to low porosity and low permeability tight sandstone reservoir due to its poor physical properties, and this type of tight sandstone reservoir belongs to secondary tight reservoir because the efficient pores were formed during diagenesis procedure. Well test data confirm that the gas wells' productivities are very different and the upper three sand groups of the 3rd member of Xujiahe formation are relatively rich areas for natural gas. However, the distribution of gas in these three sand groups is still not uniform, which indicates that even in the same sand group, the gas performance varies dramatically from well to well. In order to find the reasonable explanation for this phenomenon, we conducted careful calibration between wells and logging curves to identify the reservoir features such as fissures and dissolution pores as well as analysis of influences of microfacies, lithologic belt, and sand body thickness. We draw a conclusion that favorable lithologic belt and sand body thickness are basic conditions for natural gas accumulation, and fissures combined with dissolution pores are key factors.


One of the most complex legal activities in court level is judicial reasoning. Since Thailandpsilas civil law system initially judges with abstract rules and principles before apply them to various cases. This paper proposes a framework of criminal judicial reasoning system using data mining techniques as a knowledge discovery tool to determine reasons from court verdicts. Each module of the system is based on legal rules and principles that are used to construct computer-based knowledge by data mining algorithms. Thai criminal case Supreme Court verdicts in TCXML (Thai Court XML) format are used as training data set. This research benefits from the advantages of using XML standard in document structuring and supporting in judicial decision support system that guides the way in judgment supported by law theories and principles.


A wireless meter reading system is designed,which consists of ZigBee ad hoc network,GPRS network and meter reading center.ZigBee ad hoc network has three parts:data collector,data transceiver and concentrator.The ZigBee node consists of the CC2430 module,sensor,antenna,power supply and power amplifier.The concentrator applies ARM as main processor and GPRS module to achieve remote data transmission via ZigBee network.The main task of concentrator software is to monitor all ZigBee nodes and meter reading center.The designed wireless meter reading system has good performance.


The manufacturing industry is the footstone for a nation to achieve economic growth and internationally competitive advan- tages.Developing manufacturing industries,especially new-type manufacturing industries,is a necessary stage for Chinese economy.To creat well-known brands,the role of marketing is never an option.Using the data from Anhui,This paper takes the lead in exlporing the dimensions of marketing capability of Chinese manufacturing enterprises,and gets the five basic dimesions of markering capability,that is marketing culture, marketing strategy and implementation,marketing research,marketing communication and product development,and has an aggressive instruc- tion function to the marketing practice.


The super industry is keen to invest further in infrastructure and governments are quick to encourage this, so why isn't it happening?


This paper examines the environmental regulatory reform in Poland during the 1990s and uses the findings to consider the extent to which elements of successful regulatory systems are transferable across national boundaries. Drawing on five case studies of privatized firms, a mailed questionnaire, and policy and institutional analysis, it investigates how Poland developed an effective system for managing industrial pollution while also achieving considerable socioeconomic progress. The fundamental legitimacy of the regulators and regulatory process, the availability of information about firms and regulatory intents, and the capacity for case-specific decision-making are among the key explanatory factors. The study also shows how in Poland a good "fit" between regulatory institutions and policies on one hand and their social context on the other hand has evolved, and how it contributes to the effectiveness of the regulatory system. Industrializing economies can indeed simultaneously pursue environmental pro...