The paper presents the results of a complex of studies, analysis of the efficiency of the heat exchangers of aircraft ACS, as well as developed methods for protecting the heat transfer surface from freezing and thermal stresses. The basis of the work was the results of experimental studies of heat and mass transfer of a three-phase flow of "moist air - supercooled water aerosol" with a negative temperature in the CPFHE channels. As well as previously developed methods for modeling the processes of local heat transfer in compact heat exchangers with two-phase coolants (condenser) and in the presence of thermal stresses at high temperatures of hot air (preliminary heat exchanger). The proposed methods are based on the idea of obtaining a given surface temperature by changing the thermal resistances during the heat transfer process. The improvement of the models consists in taking into account the variable thermal resistances along the length of the hot and cold tract. In particular, the parameters of heat transfer processes defined by the geometry of the fins and flow regimes, as well as local heat and mass transfer processes during phase transitions.


Scholars of the reign of Ivan the Terrible have only a limited number of sources to understand Ivan's purges during the Oprichnina. One of the most important and most commonly used testimonies for Ivan's period of terror, the account of the Livonian captives Johann Taube and Elert Kruse, is for the first time made accessible for the English-speaking public in a critical edition that covers the major historiographical issues raised in the account and, when possible, explores the reasons behind the execution of specific individuals.


Using superconformal field theoretic methods, the tree amplitude for four massive gravitinos in the open ten-dimensional superstring is calculated. The amplitude is given in a manifestly Lorentz-covariant form.


Screening genotypes have a crucial role to increase the efficiency of selections in plant breeding program. Therefore, this study was emphasized to determine combining ability and the association between traits among themselves and yield. The experiment was conducted at Haramaya University Research Station (Raare) for two years (2018 and 2019) using 4x7 alpha-lattice design with three replications. Pooled analysis of variance revealed highly significant (p≤0.01) variations among crosses for grain yield and related traits. According to the result of combining ability analysis, parental line L3 was identified as a good general combiner for grain yield, ear diameter, 1000-kernel weight, and days to maturity. Similarly; L1, L2, and L8 proved as the best general combiner for number of kernels per row. Crosses L1×L6, L3×L5, L4×L6, L4×L8, and L5×L7 were found good specific combiners for 1000-kernel weight. Furthermore, the cross L5×L6 was the best specific combiner for ear diameter, whereas L4×L7 for both number of kernels per row and 1000-kernel weight. Likewise, the crosses L1×L5, L3×L8, L6×L7, and L7×L8 were identified as the best specific combiner towards earliness. Moreover, thousand kernel weight showed significant positive correlation with grain yield, conversely, days to anthesis, days to silking, ear aspect, and Puccinia sorghi exhibited significant negative correlation with grain yield at genotypic and phenotypic levels. Ear length, 1000-kernel weight, number of kernel rows per ear, and Turcicum leaf blight had positive direct effect on grain yield at genotypic and phenotypic level. In general, the result presented in the study might be useful for further breeding process to improve the productivity of maize.


Brazil's share of global carbon emissions, mega biodiversity, vast fresh water resources, large territory, large population, and significant economy characterize it as relevant actor in Global Environmental Governance (GEG), either alone or participating in groups such as the G-77, BASIC and the G20 (Viola and Franchini 2018; Hochstetler and Viola 2012; Hochstetler 2012; Viola et al. 2012). The country has the power to harm the Earth System, but may also be an important catalyst for innovative answers to the challenges posed by the Anthropocene. Since the 1990's, GEG has become a relevant issue in the dynamic of the International System and in the academic studies of International Relations. More than the multilateral state negotiations process (that has offered inconsistent answers considering the progressive degradation of planetary boundaries (Rockström et al. 2009; Steffen 2015), GEG refers to political processes involving different kinds of actors at different levels, often decentralized and self-organized, related to environmental agendas (Biermann 2014). These agendas are not restricted to the ones formalized in environmental agreements, and take account of other negotiation processes that occur in arenas focused on discussing issues such as trade, finance, security and human rights, as well as interconnected environmental agendas (Le Prestre 2017). This special issue seeks to present a panorama of the heterogeneous role of Brazil in GEG in the 21st century. The articles presented in this special issue may offer reflections on the following questions: 1Eduardo Viola 1Universidade de Brasília, Institute of International Relations, Brasília, Brazil (firstname.lastname@example.com)


This study considers three broad phases of hydrology (rainfall, infiltration, and hydraulics of flow) as they affect the occurrence of surface runoff. These three phases are not conglomerated into one single computation of runoff but are kept separate and considered consecutively which is the manner of their occurrence in nature. Rainfall expectancy is founded on the relatively longer and stronger rainfall records. The expectancies used are those derived by Yarnell.


This paper reports on an acoustic and articulatory study of /l/ in Newfoundland, Canada. English spoken in Irish-settled areas of the province is reported to exhibit light /l/ in all positions, in contrast to the standard North American English pattern with dark /l/ in codas and light /l/ in onsets. Our study reports on /l/ productions from 9 male and 13 female speakers from across the province. /l/ productions were elicited preceding and following word boundaries (e.g. steal assets vs. see lapses). Articulatory measures of tongue body height and retraction were determined using ultrasound imaging and F2-F1 values were used as an acoustic measure of /l/ darkness. As a group, participants show the standard North American pattern with significantly darker /l/s in word-final position. There is significant variation among speakers, however, with some speakers failing to show a distinction between final and initial /l/ in the acoustic or articulatory measures.


ia Substrates of ferromanganese encrustations collected from the hummocky topography of the Central Indian Basin (CIB) (lat. 12°25 ′–12°45'S, water depth between 5150 and 5300 m) are largely composed of indurated claystone and altered pumice fragments, which are extensively bioturbated. Both the ferromanganese-coated and uncoated relict burrows have been collected from the same locality. Mobile epibenthic megafauna, e.g. molluscs, echinoderms, etc. seem to be the main bioturbating organisms. The adjacent sediments on the sea floor also show numerous records of recent bioturbation activity. Thus presence of the ancient and modern burrows from the same locality on the ocean floor indicates a pr olonged bioturbation activity in this part of the CIB and this may have been a continuous process, preand post-dating the initiation of the formation of ferromanganese oxides at this place. The intense and prolonged bioturbation activity of the benthic fauna reported here indicates that they could have facilitated the occurrence of ferromanganes e nodules at the sediment–water interface.


Nigeria is a developing country with active construction activities. The built environment and buildings in particular are major contributors of carbon emissions leading to climate change. Furthermore, there is limited data in the Sub-Saharan region on the subject of climate change and buildings. Also, Nigeria's carbon emission data from buildings remains unknown. This study focuses on the awareness and knowledge of design professionals on the subject of climate change and buildings, in order to promote the sustainability of the built environment. A questionnaire survey and face-to-face interviews were carried out between May and September, 2013 provided the data for this study. A total of 283 participants were involved across the three identified climatic regions in Nigeria. Findings suggest that (1) there is low level of knowledge on the relationship between climate change and buildings. (2) Knowledge and information amongst the built environment professionals in Nigeria on climate and buildings have statistical significance relationship. (3) Participants are interested in knowing more on the subject of climate and buildings. This study suggests and recommends that, assessing the knowledge, information and interest of stakeholders is a key factor for promoting sustainable practices and its applications by these practitioners.


Purpose: To describe the first case that the authors are aware of frosted branch angiitis associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection. Methods: Case report. Results: A 7-year-old boy presented with bilateral decreased visual acuity. Funduscopy showed a typical image of frosted branch angiitis. He was started on treatment with intravenous steroids and acyclovir. Serological testing was positive for anti-Epstein-Barr virus IgM antibodies. Anti-Epstein-Barr virus IgG antibodies tested positive later. During follow-up, the venous sheathing decreased. Three months later funduscopy showed no abnormalities. Conclusion: Epstein-Barr virus infection should be considered in patients presenting with the typical clinical manifestations of this syndrome.


3D object modelling from multiple view images has recently been of increasing interest in computer vision. Two techniques, Visual Hull and Photo Hull, have been extensively studied in the hope of developing 3D shape from multiple views. These early methods have the advantage that they do not require pre-processing procedures such as feature selection and matching, which fail when images are of low resolution. One drawback of these two methods is their discrete formulation, which is demanding of memory and limits the type of optimisation methods that can be used. This study proposes a continuous formulation in contrast to the discrete formulations typical of these earlier methods, and aims to robustly reconstruct the 3D shape and colour of an object seen in a multi-view system. The use of a continuous formulation based on kernel density estimates enables us to define a gradient ascent algorithm (e.g. a mean shift algorithm) to recover the 3D shape and colour. Moreover, we propose to include prior information in this continuous modelling to improve the quality of the reconstruction. The proposed approach has several advantages: it is less memory demanding, the resulting algorithm is suitable for parallel processing, and it recovers concavities that are usually lost when estimating shape from silhouettes with the standard visual hull method.


The function of expansion installation, the advantage of Maurer expansion installation and control of installation quality are mainly introduced in this paper.


FIELD: protective relays. SUBSTANCE: proposed protective relay is disposed in hollow or embedded relative to its front end; mentioned hollow functions as through passage for interconnecting conductors connected to control terminals of relay and contactor. Hollow is closed under normal operating conditions by means of shutter in the form of flap or by fixed part of box. Interconnected conductors may be, essentially, separate cables or they may be pre-inerconnected by means of additional member prior to laying them in tunnel. EFFECT: provision for making concealed control junction between relay and contactor. 7 cl, 6 dwg


In this paper we develop an approach of embedded Markov chain to analyze the signaling cost of movement-based location update (MBLU) scheme implemented in a personal communication service (PCS) network with location area (LA) architecture. We propose to use a fluid flow model to characterize the dependency between cell residence time and LA residence time. We derive analytical formulas for the expected numbers of various types of location updates and for the expected paging area size. The accuracy of the analytical formulas is tested using a simulation. The analytical formulas can guide the implementation of the MBLU scheme in PCS networks. Moreover, the modeling approach can be explored to study other LU schemes.


Summary: A case of localised sporotrichosis of the right forearm in a 36 year old female housewife is reported. This is the first case recorded in our department, Madras. Localised infection without a lymphatic spread is probably related to the inability of this isolate, Sporothrix schenckii, to grow at 37°C in vitro.


To move towards an understanding of displacement from within, and the forms of its overcoming, the following chapter brings into dialogue the ancient experience of wandering and the 21st century condition of permanent temporariness. It explores whether these are the same or different phenomena, and whether the latter is a uniquely modern experience. In particular, it is interested in the turning points that lead to the defiance of the condition and its regime. It traces modes of existence that subvert the liminal state and allow for possibilities of living beyond the present moment through returns and futures that are part of everyday practices, even if they are splintered. Such actions, it is argued, allow for the repositioning of the self in relation to the world, and thus the exposition of cracks within the status quo. The investigation confronts experiences that appear to be uniquely those of the present day—such as non-arrival and forced immobility. In its exploration it engages current responses to de-placement by those who have experience of the condition first hand. It is a dialogue between the work of such creators as the architects Petti and Hilal, the poets Qasmiyeh and Husseini, and the community builders of Dandara, with ancient discourses of the outcast that are found in Euripides' Medea, the experience of Xenophon and such philosophers as Diogenes the Cynic. In so doing, it seeks to expose the way seemingly exceptional forms of politics and existence, instead, reveal themselves as society's 'systemic edge'.


The Christensen ductile/brittle failure theory can be interpreted in terms of the associated failure modes, those of shear bands and voids nucleation. Their conjunction is then termed as the failure modes transition and it is studied here using molecular dynamics. The test material is taken as a particular metallic glass, CuZr. First the theoretical failure criteria are evaluated and then the theoretical failure modes transition is evaluated. Both are found to perform extremely well. The overall failure theory contains three modes of failure, the two already mentioned plus a fracture criterion. A general conclusion from the work is that the voids nucleation criterion is of unusually broad relevance. Voids nucleation leads to voids growth and then further deteriorating mechanisms and ultimately failure. But the voids nucleation is the precipitating event of all that subsequently occurs in this process. Access to these capabilities is gained through the failure theory for all homogeneous, full density, isotropic materials. Only two standard testing measurements are needed to calibrate the entire failure theory, including the transitions.


The aim of the study is to show that a biometrics-to-access code converter based on large networks of correlation neurons makes it possible to obtain an even longer key at the output while ensuring the protection of biometric data from compromise. The research method is the use of large «wide» neural networks with automatic learning for the implementation of the biometric authentication procedure, ensuring the protection of biometric personal data from compromise. Results of the study - the first national standard GOST R 52633.5 for the automatic training of neuron networks was focused only on a physically secure, trusted computing environment. The protection of the parameters of the trained neural network converters biometrics-code using cryptographic methods led to the need to use short keys and passwords for biometric-cryptographic authentication. It is proposed to build special correlation neurons in the meta-space of Bayes-Minkowski features of a higher dimension. An experiment was carried out to verify the patterns of kkeystroke dynamics using a biometrics-to-code converter based on the data set of the AIConstructor project. In the meta-space of features, the probability of a verification error turned out to be less (EER = 0.0823) than in the original space of features (EER = 0.0864), while in the protected execution mode of the biometrics-to-code converter, the key length can be increased by more than 19 times. Experiments have shown that the transition to the mat space of BayesMinkowski features does not lead to the manifestation of the "curse of dimension" problem if some of the original features have a noticeable or strong mutual correlation. The problem of ensuring the confidentiality of the parameters of trained neural network containers, from which the neural network converter biometrics-code is formed, is relevant not only for biometric authentication tasks. It seems possible to develop a standard for protecting artificial intelligence based on automatically trained networks of Bayesian-Minkowski correlation neurons.


Visual representations are an essential but highly contested means of understanding and remembering the Holocaust. Photographs taken in the camps in early 1945 provided proof of and visceral access to the atrocities. Later visual representations such as films, paintings, and art installations attempted to represent this extreme trauma. While photographs from the camps and later aesthetic reconstructions differ in origin, they share goals and have raised similar concerns: the former are questioned not as to veracity but due to their potential inadequacy in portraying the magnitude of events; the latter are criticized on the grounds that the mediation they entail is unacceptable. Some have even questioned any attempt to represent the Holocaust as inappropriate and dangerous to historical understanding. This book explores the taboos that structure the production and reception of Holocaust images and the possibilities that result from the transgression of those taboos. Essays consider the uses of various visual media, aesthetic styles, and genres in representations of the Holocaust; the uses of perpetrator photography; the role of trauma in memory; aesthetic problems of mimesis and memory in the work of Lanzmann, Celan, and others; and questions about mass-cultural representations of the Holocaust. ~~~~~~~ DAVID BATHRICK is Emeritus Professor of German at Cornell University, BRAD PRAGER is Associate Professor of German at the University of Missouri, and MICHAEL D. RICHARDSON is Associate Professor of German at Ithaca College.


The microscopic structure of liver, gallbladder and pancreas in Pike eel was studied using the light microscope. The results showed that the hepatic lobule of pike eel is not distinct, and the portal area is not typical. The hepatocytes are bigger and polygonal, glycogen and lipid droplet are plentiful, rounded or ovoid nucleus is one or two. The microscopic structure of gallbladder and bile duct is similar to other fish. Pancreas present independent ribbon, located tightly the left wall of foregut. A little pancreas distribute around the bile duct, or on the gallbladder wall. The exocrine section of pancreas consists of many alveoli and excretory tube, the endocrine section scatters in the pancreas. The cells of pancreas islet are divided into types A, B and D. A little A cells are distributed at the periphery of the islets, among B cells. The A cell granules are stained red with the Mallory-Heidenhain-Azan stain; Most B cells are distributed at the periphery of the islets. The B cell granules are stained orange; The D cells are generally distributed at the central portion of the islets. The D cell granules are stained blue.


The present invention provides a recording medium having a data structure for managing reproduction of at least video data, recording the data structure relates to a method for reproducing and apparatus. The recording medium according to the present invention there is at least one navigation information area and a playlist directory area. Play list directory area playlist directory including a plurality of playlist files are stored. Each playlist file identifies a portion of the multiple playback path video data, at least a portion of the playlist files are associated with different playback paths. The navigation information in the navigation information area that provides information about at least one playback path is stored.


Machine Hammer Peening (MHP) it is a cold deformation process with the aim of improving the condition of the upper surface layer of metal work pieces. The process is carried out by an actuator, which can be mounted on conventional machining tools. A vertical guide, oscillating plunger, with a spherical carbide tool can perform well-directed hits on the work piece surface. The authors of this paper have investigated the effect of MHP on the materials microstructure and the mechanical characteristics of different machine hammer peened work pieces. The microstructure of the steel X3CrNiMo13-4 was investigated in peening direction, normal to it as well as diagonally. Nano-hardness measurements on X3CrNiMo13-4 were carried out to see if the MHP process has a significant influence on the results of the hardness measurements. Because of the fact that MHP creates a "valley and hill" like morphology in the range of some µm on the surface, the question arises whether there is a significant difference between the hardness measured in the valley or on the hill. Another mechanical characteristic, which can be influenced by the MHP process, is the induction of residual stress. Therefore, measurements with the hole drilling method on the material X3CrNiMo13-4 were done to see how compressive residual stress can be induced by MHP.


This week's articles uncover mechanisms of drug action, a way bacteria can help defend against the flu, and a ubiquitin ligase that facilitates the maturation of red blood cells. This week's articles uncover mechanisms of drug action, a way bacteria can help defend against the flu, and a ubiquitin ligase that facilitates the maturation of red blood cells.


In the 16th century was found the family called "Domostroy" in Russia, "Domostroy" was the typical of patriarchal family. Toward the end of the 16th century serfage was established. In ancient times the rural population was completely free, but the right of migration was abolished by Tsar Boris Godunof. In the period of serfage also remained the old custom -patriarchal -, because the peasants were tied to the land, and they remained traditional. On the other hand, as the state was deficient in many functions, the family performed them for the state, and the head of the family was the leader. Therefore the head of the family had absolute power, for he was superior in many respects to any other family member. The deficience of police function of the state allowed him even to hold the power of life and death over his children.Besides the serfage was on despotism. In such a society every group had hierarchy, and the head of each group demanded absolute obedience of those lower in lank, as Tsar of people, superiors of inferiors and proprietors of serfs. Thus the family was under the influence of the principle of despotism, and the head of the family demanded absolute obedience of other family members.Now you must remember that Russia produced many great writers and their products in the 19th century. In fact, it can be said that the 19th century is the golden age of Russian literary history. The first half of the century was the period of serfage, and even after the emancipation, of course, a few traces of the first half could be found. Therefore it was natural that the literary products should describe such a society ; serfage and family. This essay intended to see the patriarchate through Russian literature.


The study approach of helicopter simulate colligate system is introduced in this paper,discuss a develop aspect for helicopter colligate system.The helicopter simulate colligate system was used in the priority helicopter simulation test and priority helicopter aviation wiring,The test result indicates that design meets the requirements,It is dummy test equipment of convenience schlep and it is antetype of aerocraft colligate show system technic innovate.


ABSTRACT
This study aims to give ficturing the teachers and head scools of  early childhood to improved quality of services in each early childhoods. This study uses is descriptive qualitative research. It is heald in Alif early childhood ( Kindergarden) at Pamijahan Bogor.The data was taken from observation,interview, documentation, and library studys. Based on the result of research, the implementation of KTSP from learning programs is maked improved tree asfect  1) curiculums developing of childrens 2) to establish a cooperation with school and parents with parenting programs 3) developing programs to get teacher make better in professionalism.
Keyword : curiculums, Learning programs, early childhood


Thought and political theory course is very important,we should improve it and let it to a new level.So make it into a very excellent course,which is favored by all of the college students.They can really have learned something from it,and finally become excellent talents with morality and capability.But nowadays in many colleges,there are still something weakness of this course.Thought and political theory course become just the form,it hardly achieves the goals.We must reform it quickly,enforce the direction and effectiveness.We should adjust the content of the course in order to improve the effect of teaching.


Various types of waste have been generated during the 50-year history of the Hanford Site. Regulatory changes in the last 20 years have provided the emphasis for better management of these wastes. Interpretations of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (AEA) (reference 1) and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA) (reference 2) have led to the definition of a group of wastes called radioactive mixed wastes (RMW). As a result of the radioactive and hazardous properties of these wastes, special projects have been initiated for the management of RMW. This paper addresses the storage of solid RMW. The management of bulk liquid RMW will not be described.


Objective To study the effects of chlorophyllin on proliferation and cell cycle in vitro in human bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE) transformed by trans-benzo(a)pyrene-trans-7,8- dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide (trans-BPDE).Methods MTT method and flow cytometry were used to investigate alteration of the growth curve and cell cycle among untreated control cells,malignant transformed cells induced by trans-BPDE and the anti-transformed cells treated with chlorophyllin and to analyse effects of chloropyllin on the cells.Results Compared with that of control 16HBE,the vitality of malignant transformed cells was higher and it was inhibited significantly in the anti-transformed cells treated with 100μmol/L chloropyllin.However it was uninhibited in the cells treated with only chloropyllin of the same concentration.The proportion of G_0/G_1 cells decreased significantly after being tansformed by trans-BPDE while the proportion increased after being anti-transformed by chlorophyllin.Meanwhile,no change was observed in G_0/G_1 phase of cells treated with the same concentration of chlorophyllin.Conclusion A certain concentration of chlorophyllin may have significant anti-profileration activity in human bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE.It interfere cell cycle course by enhancing the G_0/G_1 phase proportion in malignant transformed cell and result in change of cell profileration and differentiation.


In view of the increase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannan content, the culture condition for S.cerevisiae were optimized in this study. The influence of culture condition such as original pH, inoculum size, and temperature on mannan production were evaluated using Response surface methodology. The mathematical model was established by the quadratic rotary combination design. with the order of effect as follows: temperature > initial pH > inoculation size. The optimized culture condition was pH, 6.6; inoculum size, 4 ml; temperature, 32°C. The maximum mannan production increased to 94.912 ±9.1 mg/100 mL at the optimum culture condition.It was evident that the mannan production was affected significantly by culture condition optimization (p < 0.01). After obtaining the optimal conditions, modified alkaline method was used to purify the extracted Mannan. FT-IR spectra analysis showed that the product was chemically pure mannan, that is to say, it contained no other carbohydrates and proteins.


In order to achieve natural, proactive, and non-intrusive interaction between humans and robots, the understanding of human actions is a highly relevant task. In this paper, a vision-based method for manipulative gesture recognition is proposed. Different from the traditional trajectory-based approaches, the manipulative actions are modeled not only based on the hand trajectories but also on the object context. This context-based trajectory recognition is embedded in a hierarchical hidden Markov model which represents the hierarchical structures in manipulation tasks. For representation, a lattice dynamic Bayesian network is used and the inference is done by particle filtering. The results of experiments in an office environment show the applicability of this approach for recognizing manipulative gesture.


The invention discloses an oil atomizer mounting and fixing device which comprises a base adapted to the top surface of a cylinder cover, wherein positioning through holes corresponding to cylinder cover nail passing holes are respectively formed in the two ends of the base; a T-shaped positioning pin is inserted into one positioning through hole correspondingly; a bracket is arranged on the base, and comprises a supporting rack, and a bracket positioning seat adapted to the base; a certain angle is formed between the supporting rack and the bracket positioning seat; and a U-shaped groove for fixing an oil atomizer oil feeding branch is formed in the top of the supporting rack. The invention further discloses an oil atomizer mounting and fixing method. The oil atomizer mounting and fixing device is simple in structure and convenient to operate; a fixed direction is provided for the mounting of an oil atomizer; a yield of products is guaranteed; and the production efficiency is improved effectively.


Matrix effects on the frequencies of i.r. vibrations of hydroxy and deuteroxy groups in CH3OH and D2O have been studied. Band shifts, Δν, show a linear dependence on √Tc(where Tc is the critical temperature) of the substance comprising the matrix, as a measure of the intermolecular potential. Within a homologous series Δν is more sensitive to hydrogen bonding than to van der Waals interactions. This implies that the application of the Badger–Bauer rule to hydrogen-bonded systems must take non-polar solvents as frequency standard and not the vapour state.The bending mode of D2O shows different changes: it has a red-shifted matrix effect and is blue-shifted by hydrogen bonds.


In the present essay we begin with a short presentation of the Aetolian proto-federation and compare its structure and institutions with two modern ones, that of Canada and that of the European Union. We will then make an evaluation of the three federations according to two sets of criteria. a) Democratisation, which contains four sub-criteria: "isonomia" (equality in front of the law) "isokratia" (political equality), "isegoria" (equality to propose initiatives) and "isopoliteia" (single citizenship, the transfer of the political rights of a citizen of a state, when he moves to another within the federation) b) Cohesion, which comprises the following four sub-criteria : i) monetary union, ii) fiscal union and federal budget iii) federal regulation and the basic economic freedoms, of goods and services, capital and labour and iv) common external and defence policy. The results of the evaluation show that according to the criterion of democratisation, the Aetolian ranks first and the EU last, while according to cohesion, the Aetolian ranks first and the EU last, while according to cohesion, the Aetolian and Canadian rank as about equal while the EU again lags behind.


(57) The Abstract] cells by contacting with a compound that inhibits the binding of leaderless protein and transport molecule, a method of inhibiting the export of leaderless proteins from cells. The leaderless protein, FGF-1, FGF-2, IL-1α, IL-1β, CNTF, and include HIV-tat. These methods are useful for treating a variety of conditions including tumors and diabetes.


The air conditioner is disclosed. The disclosed air conditioner is in an air conditioner which comprises an indoor heat exchanger, the total enthalpy heat exchanger, the air supply fan and the exhaust fan within the housing, performing at least any one of heating and cooling, heat exchange ventilation and the pure ventilation, the air when the indoor a first flow path for guiding the air; Third flow path for guiding a second flow path and the outside air to guide the heat exchange ventilation when room air to pass through the total heat exchanger has to pass through the total heat exchanger; The fifth flow path for guiding the fourth flow path and the outside air for guiding the room air when performing the pure group; And a first inlet, a second inlet, a first comprising a discharge port and a second outlet, the first inlet port formed in the housing is an inlet of the third flow path and the fifth passage, the first outlet is the second 2 is the outlet of the flow path and the fourth flow path.


A colossal positive magnetoresistive effect triggered by a laser was observed in a nonmagnetic Si-based metal-oxide-semiconductor structure. The positive magnetoresistance was greatly promoted compared to the case with no laser illumination. In addition, it shows high sensitivity to the magnetic field intensity above a certain threshold at room temperature, making it an appealing candidate for magnetic field detection. Moreover, the magnetoresistance can be regulated by the position of laser beams, which enables us to tailor the devices to meet various needs. We attribute this effect to the anisotropy of the carrier transport characteristics in our structure. The work suggests a different approach to develop laser-controlled magnetic devices and may greatly improve the performance of existing magnetoresistance-based devices.


It is necessary to make a comprehensive assessment of vulnerability and seismic hazards in different parts of the urban area to effectively reduce the risk of earthquake. This could provide essential information for decision makers for better understanding the priorities of risk mitigation activities. However, in most cities, the absolute estimation of potential consequences of earthquake is not possible due to lack of required data. Therefore, in this paper, a comprehensive methodology is introduced to estimate the relative seismic risk among urban zones instead of absolute measurement. This method needs less data and information through definition of new evaluation approaches. For this purpose, parameters with significant contribution to seismic risk are selected and classified into physical, human life and socio-economic categories. The risk associated to each category is estimated by combining the vulnerability indicators by relevant hazard factors. The postearthquake capacity of response is also considered by using indicators of planning, resources, accessibility and evacuation capacity. The total relative seismic risk index (RSRi) is then defined through integration of the risk and response capacity indicators. Finally, the model is implemented to assess the seismic risk of Tehran city. The results show that district 15 and 17 of the city have the highest rank of seismic risk. Also the comparison of the results with JICA (2000) study for Tehran, demonstrates the important contribution of response capacity as well as other indicators in overall risk assessment.


The Royal Scottish Academy in Edinburgh visit the Degree Awarding institutions in Scotland during the Final Year Degree shows and select a cross section of work from Fine art and Architecture for their annual showcase exhibition in Edinburgh. Myself and Stuart Mackenzie, Lecturer in Painting and Printmaking were invited to write the essay for the publication based on the selection made from GSA students.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a lubricant supply roll which can supply a lubricant to an image carrying body and to a transfer belt without damaging the surface of the image carrying body and which can be easily produced, by constituting the roll of a roll-like solid lubricant carrying part having no core material in the center and of core materials fixed to the openings on both ends of the roll. SOLUTION: Polypropylene is compounded as a binder to zinc stearate and heated at about 160 deg.C to dissolve it. A die is heated to about 160 deg.C, into which the soln. of zinc stearate and polypropylene is poured. The dye is naturally cooled and contracted, and after solidification of the soln. is confirmed, the solid is released from the die. Then both ends of the solid lubricant carrying body 11 after released are drilled to form openings, to which core members 12, 13, for example, having male screws are screwed and fixed to a obtain a lubricant supply roll 10. Therefore since the solid lubricant carrying member 11 has no cores 12, 13 inside, the obtd. roll is preferable without causing cracks or the like in the solid lubricant carrying member 11.


In order to improve the teaching quality of clinical pharmacology,pediatrics teachers should teach according to different majors,different levels of students,enhance awareness of the importance of this subject,keep on learning,self-improving,and be focus on teaching quality.


Traditional medicine is the fore – runner of modern medicine. There is usually lack of standardization in the methods of extraction and formulation of traditional remedies into dosage forms. The seeds of Garcinia kola Heckel have been chewed and used for medicinal purposes, such as alleviation of mild throat infections. This claim was based on the fact that flavonoids can be extracted from the seeds. This study was set to obtain a crude flavonoid extract from the seeds of Garcinia kola Heckel and to formulate it into lozenges for the treatment of mild throat infections. The seeds of Garcinia kola Heckel were peeled, sun – dried to constant weight, and pulverised into coarse powder. Preliminary chemical tests were performed on the powder. Extraction of the crude flavonoid extract was done by maceration at room temperature (28 – 29 0 C) and by soxhlet apparatus. The extracts were dried and weighed. The powdered extract was formulated into 100mg lozenges. The preliminary chemical tests performed on the powdered seeds of Garcinia kola Heckel revealed the presence of sterols and triterpenes, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, resins, tannins, starch and proteins. Alkaloids were not detected. The percentage yield of the extract by maceration was higher (12.83%) than by soxhlet extraction (4.6%). The extracts have a characteristic chocolate colour, and were stable at room temperature. This work showed that crude flavonoid extracts can be obtained from Garcinia maceration or soxhlet extraction methods. The extract can also be conveniently formulated into lozenges.


After the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, victims, perpetrators, and the country as a whole struggled to deal with the legacy of the mass violence. The government responded by creating a new version of a traditional grassroots justice system called gacaca. Bert Ingelaere, based on his observation of two thousand gacaca trials, offers a comprehensive assessment of what these courts set out to do, how they worked, what they achieved, what they did not achieve, and how they affected Rwandan society.


The percentage of time the sign is illuminated will have a large effect on overall power consumption. "YOUR Speed" driver feedback signs have become increasingly popular devices for slowing traffic and increasing workers' safety. Thanks to new technologies, these signs have become more effective and easier to deploy than ever before. For instance, improvements in sign designs that make it easier to use solar technology now make it possible to set up and use electronic signs in places where they were once impossible or impractical.


As a pastoral prose romance, Longus' Daphnis and Chloe is something of an anomaly in a genre dominated for centuries by verse. Yet the work is quintessential pastoral, less because of its shepherd protagonists than because of the author's narrative strategy, with its mixing of genres and the cool distance it establishes between character and reader. Crucial in establishing this distance is the author's emphasis on the pastoral scene as artifact, a crafted work to be viewed and admired by the connoisseur. The stress on artifact appears from the start. Rather than plunging his readers into the story or vouching for the veracity of what is to follow by presenting himself as an eyewitness or participant, Longus identifies himself, in a narrator's preface, as a sophisticated outsider, and informs his readers that what they are about to read is an extended ekphrasis, a literary description of a work of visual art: Hunting on Lesbos, I saw in a grotto of the Nymphs the most beautiful spectacle (theama) I have ever seen: a painted picture (eikona graptēn), a tale of love (historian erōtos). The narrator's first words identify him as a hunter rather than a shepherd, no matter how literary. In fact he ranges himself alongside the urban gentlemen holiday-makers and hunters whom his readers will soon meet within the frame of the story (the Methymnean youths, the young master Astylos whose very name proclaims his urban identity — astu is the word for city) and whose aesthetic values they undoubtedly share.


Exciton-polaritons are bosonic-like elementary excitations in semiconductors, which have been recently shown to display large occupancy of topologically protected polariton bound states in the continuum in suitably engineered photonic lattices [Nature {\bf 605}, 447 (2022)], compatible with the definition of polariton condensation. However, a full theoretical description of such condensation mechanism that is based on a non equilibrium Gross-Pitaevskii formulation is still missing. Given that the latter is well known to account for polariton condensation in conventional semiconductor microcavities, here we report on its multi-mode generalization, showing that it allows to fully interpret the recent experimental findings in patterned photonic lattices, including emission characteristics and condensation thresholds. Beyond that, it is shown that the polariton condensation in these systems is actually the result of an interplay between negative mass confinement of polariton eigenstates (e.g., due to the photonic gap originated from the periodic pattern in plane) and polariton losses. We are then able to show that polariton condensation can also occur in gap-confined bright modes, i.e., coupling of QW excitons to a dark photonic mode is not necessarily required to achieve a macroscopic occupation with low population threshold.


The human endocannabinoid system regulates a myriad of physiological processes through a complex lipid signaling network involving cannabinoids and their respective receptors, cannabinoid receptor 1 (hCB1R) and cannabinoid receptor 2 (hCB2R). Anandamide (AEA) and cannabidiol (CBD) are classical examples of cannabinoids that elicit a variety of effects, both beneficial and detrimental, through these receptors. Mounting evidence suggested the presence of other potential cannabinoid targets that may be responsible for other observable effects. However, prior pharmacological studies on these cannabinoid compounds provided scant evidence of direct engagement to these proposed targets. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, no chemoproteomics studies nor any protein profiling studies have been demonstrated on CBD. Here we showed that, by taking advantage of the recently developed 'label-free' 2D-TPP (2 Dimensional-Thermal Protein Profiling) approach, we have identified several new putative targets of both AEA and CBD. Comparison of these interaction landscapes with those obtained from the well-established affinity-based protein profiling (AfBPP) platforms led to the discovery of both shared and unique protein targets. Subsequent target validation studies of selected proteins led us to conclude that this 2D-TPP strategy complements well with the AfBPP approach.


In the present investigation polyclonal antibody was raised against male sex pheromone binding protein (SPBP) of Mus musculus (L) (Swiss mice) and has been used to identify the pheromone binding proteins (PBPs) of mouse olfactory systems such as the main and accessory olfactory system with the liver and kidney tissue protein extracts were used as negative control. This maiden attempt authentically proves that the PBP is only present among the protein profiles of vomeronasal organ (VNO) and it was reported that this sex specific PBP is found not to be expressed in all other tissues including main olfactory system (MOS).


A wavelet-based image gradient transform is proposed. The proposed transform, called multi-scale gradient transform (MSGT), obtains the first order derivative of an image in terms of the wavelet detail coefficients. While traditional methods estimate the image gradients at each wavelet scale in terms of the horizontal and vertical wavelet coefficients only, the proposed transform obtains the gradients in terms of the diagonal, as well as the horizontal and vertical wavelet coefficients. The proposed MSGT is designed to be invertible, non-redundant and computationally efficient. We demonstrate the potential applications of the proposed transform in texture feature extraction, multi-scale edge detection, image quality assessment and image watermarking.


The date rate of 610Mbps is experimentally achieved by 1 watt phosphor-based LED over 6.2 m with the average bit error rate of 2.0e–5. A 100Mbps optical internet access demo system without blue filter over 3 m distance is also demonstrated.


Since 1981 the activated-sludge plants at Halifax sewage-treatment works have been operated in the 'Halifax'mode, which has successfully prevented previous bulking of the activated sludge. The paper describes an investigation of the 'Halifax'mode; also the 'Halifax'mode plus a sludge bypass arrangement. Plant performance, sewage flows, and electricity and oxygen usages were monitored. Practical measurements showed that an increase of 65% in peak final settling tank flow rates could be achieved, and up to twice the BOD load could be treated with the assistance of extra oxygen, using the existing Vitox plant. The improved settling tank performance can be explained in terms of the Water Research Centre's mass loading theory.


An orthogonal least‐squares method was considered for linear correlations of data sets in which both variables are subject to unknown uncertainties in measurement. A previously reported method and an alternatively developed equivalent method were investigated. The orthogonal method was found to be sensitive to the relative numerical scales of the two variables, but its application is considered appropriate to data sets rescaled to dimensionless forms. A versatile computer program was developed for application of the method. It allows for the comparison of the orthogonal and standard least‐squares methods and has the ability to produce publication quality plots. Results are given for one experimental data set.


Longkong (Aglaia dookkoo Griff) is a popular tropical fruit which currently has about 99.37% consumer demand. In the case of exporting, the main problem is that longkong fruit drops from its bunch after harvesting. Therefore, the objective of this research is to study the effect of nitrous oxide on physiological and biochemical changes during fruit drop of longkong postharvest. The addition of 90% nitrous oxide (at times 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h) induced the reduction of loosening of longkong fruit after harvest. Exposure to nitrous oxide delayed the onset of fruit drop of the longkong bunches with the most effective treatment being fumigation with 90% nitrous oxide for 6 h. Longkong fruit exposed to 90% nitrous oxide for 24 h, showed an increased respiration rate and ethylene production. While Longkong fruit exposed to 90% nitrous oxide, there was no significant effect on the activity of enzymes polygalacturonase (PG), pectinesterase (PE), cellulase (Cx) and peroxidase (POD) during storage.


Between 1965 and 1975 the enrollment rate of college-age men in the United States rose and then fell abruptly. Many contemporary observers (e.g., James Davis and Kenneth Dolbeare, 1968) attributed the surge in college attendance to draft-avoidance behavior. Under a policy first introduced in the Korean War, the Selective Service issued college deferments to enrolled men that delayed their eligibility for conscription. These deferments provided a strong incentive to remain in school for men who wanted to avoid the draft. For example, the college entry rate of young men rose from 54 percent in 1963 to 62 percent in 1968 (the peak year of the draft). Moreover, both the college entry rate and the number of inductions dropped sharply between 1968 and 1973 as the draft was being phased out. Although these parallel trends are suggestive, they do not necessarily prove that draft avoidance raised the education of men who were at risk of service during the Vietnam War. Such an inference requires an explicit specification of the "counterfactual": What would have happened to schooling outcomes in the absence of the draft? In this paper we use trends in enrollment and completed schooling of men relative to those of women to measure the effects of draftavoidance behavior during the Vietnam War. Our maintained hypothesis is that, in the absence of gender-specific factors such as the draft, the relative schooling outcomes of men and women from the same cohort would follow a smooth trend. In light of the sharp discontinuity in military induction rates between 1965 and 1970, we look for similar patterns in the relative enrollment rate of men, and in the relative college graduation rate of men from cohorts that were at risk of induction during this period.


The field-oriented-control algorithm in 60° coordinate system for permanent magnet synchronous motor is described in this paper. Field-oriented-control algorithm consists of several parts and in 60° coordinate system the expression form of the reference currents and feedback currents is different from traditional methods. The value of the reference voltage vector in 60° coordinate system is directly obtained after the current proportional-integral controller. Then the speed control of permanent magnet synchronous motor is realized by proportional-integral controller combined with SVPWM algorithm in 60° coordinate system. Simulation results confirm the feasibility of FOC algorithm in 60° coordinate system.


Noise-induced synchronization is a phenomenon that autonomous oscillators are synchronized by common external noise. In this study, we paid attention to crystal oscillators which are utilized in a variety of electrical circuits. When the independently oscillating crystals in each circuits are synchronized, it is conceivable that simultaneous information processing become possible. Furthermore, utilization of noise, which is originally undesirable, is useful from the perspective of engineering. To observe the synchronization, we designed the circuit which consists of two pierce circuits with a branching path for the common gaussian noise source. Finally, we show that the gaussian noise has possibility to efficiently synchronize two oscillators without mutual interactions.


Aim:To study the effects of transvaginal cesarean scar defect resection suture surgery treatment of women with previous cesarean scar defect.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 53 patients who were treated by transvaginal cesarean scar defect resection suture surgery.Results;All transvaginal cesarean scar defect resection suture surgery procedures were completed successfully,and there were no surgical complications.45 patients with longer period preoperatively,4 of them were fail to visit after given operation,had shorten the period from 1 to 20 days,the average was 6.7 days.40 of them remained asymptomatic after transvaginal cesarean scar defect resection suture surgery,2 patients' menstruation periods became shorter,and 2 patients with longer periods and infertility experienced normal periods,one of those has a natural pregnancy and term delivery.But 2 patients with intermenstrual spotting and 3 patients with longer periods preoperatively remained the same as before after surgery.42 patients reviewed by transvaginal ultrasound,35 patients' cesarean scar defect disappeared,4 patients' became smaller,but 3 patients were not variable.Conclusion:Transvaginal cesarean scar defect resection suture surgery of women with PCSD was minimally invasive,feasible and effective.


Wine tourism seems to be an increasingly significant component of many wine regions around the world, especially in Europe which represents the most visited tourist region of the world. Wine tourism is widely recognized as a unique tourism product for visitors who are seeking authentic multi-dimensional experience, but at the same time it represents an innovative business opportunity for small-scale wine producers who wish to expand their wine production and meet the international demand. The main aim of the paper is to discuss wine tourism as an option for sustainable rural development that may serve to generate additional economic benefits for small rural communities. The case study method was used to investigate the present state and the prospects for wine tourism development in the continental part of Croatia that receives no benefits from mass tourism. The findings have shown that that region features excellent conditions for growing grapes and wine production, but lacks tourism infrastructure and collaboration between the stakeholders as well as the expertise on tourism development – all of which reduce the opportunities for more intensive development. For these reasons and because of the ubiquitous economic crisis, the authors suggest several recommendations of which the most important may be to implement a clustering model grouping the stakeholders involved in the wine tourism product.


While the IS community is increasingly international, there is evidence to suggest that different elements of the community have different research and publication orientations, interests and expectations. This paper contributes to this discussion by further developing the profile of European Information Systems (IS) research that was reported on following the first ten years of the European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS). It is timely, in that ECIS celebrates its 20th anniversary this year. As with the earlier articles, this paper reflects on European IS research, as presented at ECIS, but this time it concentrates on the second decade, in comparison with the first. Based on an analysis of all papers published in ECIS proceedings during the period 2003-2012, the paper highlights key research topics, research approaches adopted and key references used by ECIS authors. By comparing these data with the first ten years of ECIS (i.e., the period 1993-2002), it provides some evidence of emerging (and declining) trends over the 20-year history of ECIS.


Granulomas may be found in up to 10 per cent of specimens from routine percutaneous liver biopsies.1 Non-organ-specific antibodies to mitochondria occur in less than 1 per cent of the general population and in a similar proportion of patients with sarcoidosis.2 Such antibodies are present in over 95 per cent of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis,2 , 3 a disorder that may have histologic and clinical similarities to sarcoidosis. Hepatic granulomas occur in 60 per cent of patients with sarcoidosis4 and in 42 per cent of those with primary biliary cirrhosis.5 The finding of mitochondrial antibodies and a negative Kveim-Siltzbach test has . . .


________________________________________________________________________________________ KILIC, E., S. YAYLA, E. BEYTUT, V. BARAN, C. Ş. ERMUTLU: Subcutaneous ectopic lung in the cervical region of a calf a case report. Vet. arhiv 85, 701-709, 2015. ABSTRACT This case presents a clinical, radiological and histopathological description of ectopic lung in a calf. The present case was a 45-day-old, female Simmental calf, showing a congenital mass in the lower neck region. Upon clinical inspection, it was determined that the calf was in excellent condition, but a pedunculated tumorlike mass appeared in the neck region. Palpation revealed that the mass had normal body temperature and was somewhat hard and fl exible. The mass was surgically removed under inhalation anesthesia and diagnosed as an ectopic lung based on the histopathological examination. The calf was monitored for two years after the operation and was observed to be healthy and better developed than its peers. We concluded that a rare case like this should be presented as a contribution to the literature and veterinary practice.


This report contains a set of guidelines for helpline staff who are sometimes called on to provide information on drug use and overdose. The focus is on accidental overdose in adults. Situations regarding children or deliberate overdose require a different approach.


Wu Ru-lun,a famous educator in Modern China,reflected a lot on teachers.He paid close attention to the teachers' qualities and took active part in the activities of teachers' training.He made great contribution to teachers' education in Modern China.


One function of the BAZNAS Tebing Tinggi is collect zakat, infak, and shadaqah, but the limitations it has encouraged the BAZNAS Tebing Tinggi to maximize the role and duties of UPZ. The research is aimed at figuring out UPZ's role in boosting ZIS collections of BAZNAS Tebing Tinggi. The research site is BAZNAS Tebing Tinggi office, which ran from 17 January 2022 to 17 February 2022. The study employed a descriptive qualitative method by using two data sources that were generated from interviews with staff BAZNAS Kota Tebing Tinggi or called primary data and data obtained from boooks, journals, thesis, and notes or called secondary data. Research shows that the amount of money that goes into the BAZNAS Kota Tebing Tinggi via UPZ is down through the year, but the ZIS collected by UPZ to BAZNAS Kota Tebing Tinggi is highest in value compared to the collection from other sources. The more funding that can be collected, the more channeling that can be given to those who are entitled to it.


Quercus variabilis forest is zonal vegetation of transition area between subtropical zone and temperate zone and has great function in water and soil conservation.Its water use efficiency(WUE)was studied with Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system.The daily courses of WUE of Quercus variabilis in each growing season were single peaked.The WUE in fast growing season is the lowest,and its WUE in early season was the highest.The path analysis showed that the main factors affecting WUE were temperature of air(Ta)and leave(Tl),relative humidity(RH)and vapor pressure deficit(VDP).


In different temperature pressure conditions,the quartz in the tectonic belt rocks shows brittle-plastic or plastic deformation,producing a variety of optical abnormalities within the grain,namely the undulatory extinction,strip matting,deformation pattern,subgrain and other optical characteristics under an optical microscope.The photoelastic phenomenon,dynamic recrystallization and other characteristics of the quartz in tectonic metamorphic rock in Funiushan tectonic belt,Qinling orogenic belt are observed and the microscopic deformation measurement is conducted.The relationship between the quartz optical characteristics and the stress changes,stress orientation,stress magnitude and strain rate is studied to explore the correspondence between the optical characteristics and tectonic deformation.


(Your abstract must use Normal style and must fit in this box. Your abstract should be no longer than 300 words. The box will 'expand' over 2 pages as you add text/diagrams into it.) The main hurdles on the field of Proton Exchange Membranes (PEM) in fuel cells (FC) are to obtain better durability and improved performance at >80 o C at a reduced cost. The proton conductivity of state-of-the-art perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) type membranes like Nafion® generally decays at higher temperatures, where the PEMFC system is more beneficial. An alternative backbone is the commercially polysulfone (PSU) Udel with good chemical, thermal and mechanical as well as film forming properties the latter is a feature that easily rules otherwise strong candidates out. To obtain proton conductivity sulfonic acid (SA) groups are linked to the PSU by a Cu(I) catalyzed 1,3-cycloaddition of azides and terminal alkynes. Different monosulfonated compounds are used in order to investigate the influence of the structure between the SA and the backbone. Disulfonated compounds are used in obtaining more concentrated SA domains, and the quantitative azide-alkyne "click" reaction facilitates dendron structures, e.g. with four SA units linked to the same dendritic spacer. The final structure is also tuned through the use of various degrees of substitution of the backbone. To the best of our knowledge the concept of obtaining proton conductivity of PSU PEMs via sulfonated dendrons prepared by "click" chemistry has not been presented before. Figure 1. Different sulfonate structures are clicked onto the PSU backbone. Dendrons are made by "click" chemistry to increase the SA domains. References: 1 Y. Wang, K. S. Chen, J. Mishler, S. C. Cho, X. C. Adroher Appl. Energ. 88 (2011) 9811007 2 J. A. Mader, B. C. Benicewicz Macromolecules 43 (2010) 6706-6715 3 I. Dimitrov, K. Jankova, S. Hvilsted J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem 46 (2008) 7827-7834; 48 (2010) 2044-2052


In the early sixteenth century, the Portuguese king D. Manuel, arranged a fight between an elephant and a rhinoceros, animals brought directly from overseas and known by a supposed rivalry. The conflict between the two species was reported in several sorts of works, such as bestiaries, encyclopedias and travel reports, which told the details of the encounter between these belligerent animals. From the information contained in the bestiaries of the thirteenth century to the event undertaken by the Portuguese monarch, the description of the duel presents significant nuances concerning, above all, the way men conceived the animal world. The exam of some variations and changes in the way of describing the confrontation between these beasts, from the first decades of the thirteenth century to the early sixteenth, will be made in this article. It will be argued, in this sense, that the accurate observation of this retold duel may reveal important aspects of the relationship between animals and men of the past. Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";}


The present invention relates to the second sound signal (M) at least one method for generating at least one output signal (HPL, PHR) from the input signal and the media system from a set having a second set of Head Related Transfer Functions associated. The media system may be, TV, CD player, DVD player, radio, displays, amplifiers, headphones, or VCR. The method, of claim 2 and at least one signal from the third intermediate set of sound signals (CHI1, CHI2) for each signal in the set of sound signals a weighted relation (14) including at least one weight value (Weights) determining a second and a set of sound signals, the second set of head related transfer functions and, on the basis of the weighted relation a first head related transfer function (HRTF) and determining a set, at least belonging to the first set of sound signals in order to create a single output signal comprises the step of transmitting at least one signal from the third set of intermediate sound signals by the at least one HRTF from said first set of head Related transfer functions. Thereby, as a result, the HRTF fewer to transmit after the input signal (s) to output signal (s) are selected. Therefore, fewer convolution is required.


Most of automotive rubber components are subjected to static and dynamic loadings in services. To prevent failures during operation is one of the critical issues in rubber component design, Therefore, failure analysis and lifetime evaluation are very important in design procedure to assure the safety and reliability of automotive rubber component. Fatigue life prediction methodology of vulcanized natural rubber was proposed by incorporating the finite element analysis and fatigue damage parameter determined from fatigue test. In this study, by using the parameter of maximum Green-Lagrange strains and strain energy density appearing at the critical location. We can prove the relations between fatigue life and maximum Green-Lagrange strain or strain energy density, and the correlations between test piece and bench test of actual rubber component. Predicted fatigue lives of the rubber component agreed fairly well with the experimental fatigue lives.


Vibrator source is widely used in seismic acquisition as it is a non-destructive method with a controllable frequency range and ideally produces a zero-phase. It can operate in urban environments where dynamite sources are prohibited and has advantages with controlled, nondestructive, high-resolution, steady operation, economical and high efficiency. After introducing the principles of the electromagnetic vibrator source we have developed, the effect was evaluated by the tests being carried on delineating mine-out area, Karst with caves, tunnel. The electromagnetic vibrator source proves very promising, which consequently develops the application field such as in hydrology, engineering, environmental assessment for the purposes of hazard identification in urban environments.


Adsorption of water is a one of important physicochemical properties of clays, and allophane has extremely high water adsorption capacity due to its high specific surface. The water vapor adsorption of two allophane samples with low and high Si/A1 ratios (0.67: KyP; 0.99: KnP), under various relative humidities (RHs), decreased with preheating treatment up to 400°C for 2 h. The decrease in water adsorption at monolayer level (RH = 0.45) was greater for KnP sample than for KyP sample, whereas the decrease in water adsorption due to capillary condensation between allophane unit particles (RH = 0.6) was greater for KyP sample. These indicate that allophane hollow spheric particles in KyP sample were directly connected each other with the preheating, but those in KnP sample were not. The difference in the way of bonding between unit particles in the two types of allophane was ascribed to the presence of polymerized silicate 'tails' exposed outside of hollow spheric allophane particles. In the KnP with higher Si/Al ratio, many 'tails' are exposed, and the 'tails' might prevented direct attachment between particles by forming connection between the 'tails'. The presence of the 'tails' in allophane with higher Si/Al ratio was also related to dispersion property of allophane of this type.


SCIENCE UNDER FIRE: Challenges to Scientific Authority in Modern America by Andrew Jewett. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2020. 356 pages. Hardcover; $41.00. ISBN: 9780674987913. *John William Draper and Andrew Dickson White's role in fueling popular ideas about conflict between the primarily natural sciences and religion has been often studied. It is now well known that their claims were erroneous, prejudice laden (in Draper's case against Roman Catholicism), and part of broader efforts to align science with a liberal and rationalized Christianity. In Science under Fire, Boston College historian Andrew Jewett recounts a similarly important but lesser-known tale: twentieth-century criticism of the primarily human sciences as promoting politically charged, prejudice laden, and secular accounts of human nature. *Jewett is an intellectual historian who focuses on the interplay between the sciences and public life in the United States. Science under Fire follows up on his 2012 Science, Democracy, and the American University, which explored the role of science (or, more precisely, science-inspired thinking associated with the human sciences) as a shaper of American culture from the mid-nineteenth through the mid-twentieth century. As with that previous work, Science under Fire illustrates how science can be practiced as a form of culture building and leveraged for sociopolitical ends. While Science, Democracy, and the American University explored how various ideas about science came to displace the then-dominant Protestant understandings of morality in the late nineteenth century, Science under Fire considers how a variety of critics reacted to the growing influence of those sciences. *Throughout both historical periods, members of the public, politicians, and many social scientists did not view science as offering a neutral or unbiased account of the nature of humans and their behavior. Rather, they practiced, appropriated, and criticized various accounts in order to advance particular visions about how society should be organized. These visions were not primarily driven by scientific data but by philosophical precommitments, including some which led their proponents to deny the validity of the Protestant and humanist values which previously anchored American public life. So, Science under Fire addresses religious and politically conservative apprehension over "amoral" psychology and the teaching of evolution in schools. However, its story is much broader. The secular and religious liberals and conservatives, libertarians and socialists, humanities scholars and social scientists all at times lamented the dehumanizing effects of technology or worried that scientists were unduly influenced by selfish motives. *Science under Fire begins with a twenty-three-page summary of the book's main themes. This is followed by two chapters that explain the cultural developments which fostered apprehension about science's role in society. By the 1920s, some thinkers were calling on Americans to adopt "modern" scientific modes of thought, in part by dismissing religion as a source of objective values (chap. 1). Their efforts were resisted by humanities scholars, Catholics, and liberal Protestants, who focused on lambasting naturalist approaches in psychology (e.g., by Freud and John Watson) as pseudoscientific and offering classical or religious values as a bulwark against the excesses of capitalism and consumerism (chap. 2). *In the 1930s and 40s, these critiques were given new impetus as worries arose over social scientists' role in shaping Roosevelt's New Deal as well as mental associations between amoral science and Japanese and German totalitarianism (chap. 3). Post-World War II fears over science grew to encompass concerns about "amoral" scientists such as B. F. Skinner, Benjamin Spock, and others engaging in "social engineering" by training children to value social conformity at the expense of traditional religious or humanist moral guidance (chap. 4). The increasingly vehement religious opposition to scientists' attempts to address questions of morality was partly driven by opposition to "atheist" communism and featured a broad coalition of Protestant and Catholic critics decrying the effects of "scientism" (chap. 5). *There was also a postwar resurgence in interest in the humanities, as well as efforts by thinkers such as C. P. Snow, to position the social sciences as a humanist bridge between "literary" and "scientific" cultures (chap. 6). In the United States, Snow's call for greater prominence for the sciences was challenged by New Right conservatives, who regarded it as dangerously opening the door for liberal academic social scientists to portray their ideologically charged views as objectively scientific. Their efforts included supporting conservative social scientists' research, intervening in academic politics and research funding, and, somewhat 'justifiably, 'complaining about the persecution of conservative scholars (chap. 7). *Nevertheless, postwar criticism of scientism was couched in flexible enough terms to appeal to politically and theologically diverse thinkers associated with various institutes and literary endeavors (chap. 8), ultimately including many in the iconoclastic New Left counterculture of the 1960s and 70s (chap. 9). By that time, movements critical of science included religious opposition to evolution and psychology; neoconservative criticism of the "welfare state"; and feminist, Black, and indigenous critiques of science as a tool for justifying an oppressive status quo (chap. 10). *In the Reaganite era, science was targeted by pluralist, postfoundationalist, poststructuralist, and postmodern thinkers; religious conservative challenges to evolution and "secularism" in science; tighter budgets and a downgrading of blue-sky research; and worries over the implications of artificial intelligence and genetic engineering (chap. 11). After a short evaluative conclusion, sixty-two pages of endnotes help flesh out Jewett's argument. *Science under Fire helps illuminate how science and religion have interacted as culture-shaping forces in American public life. Readers will learn how debates that are prima facie about science and religion are really about values and cultural authority, and will discover the origins of some of the assumptions and strategic moves that shape popular science-faith discourse. They will also be invited to enlarge their repertoire of science-faith thinkers (e.g., John Dewey, Reinhold Niebuhr, B. F. Skinner) and topics (behaviorism, debates over Keynesian economics as a backdrop, and how science's value-free ideal was invented and leveraged). *Nevertheless, readers should be aware that Jewett's near-exclusive focus on sweeping intellectual tendencies and the social sciences (with occasional forays to reflect on genetic technology and the atomic bomb) means that Science under Fire is not an entirely balanced account of science, politics, and religion in America. Some chapters focus on major streams of thought to the point that the story of individual movements, thinkers, and their interactions with one another is lost. Fundamentalist and conservative evangelical reactions to scientism are treated relatively perfunctorily compared to liberal Christian responses (e.g., the Institute for Religion in an Age of Science is mentioned while the American Scientific Affiliation is not). A bias toward sociological explanations occasionally leads to a degree of mischaracterization. For example, Thomas Kuhn is mentioned only in connection with the 1960s counterculture, and the Vietnam-era Strategic Hamlet Program is characterized as an attempt to "make proper citizens out of Vietnamese peasants" rooted in modernization theory (p. 181), without mentioning it as a counterinsurgency strategy inspired by Britain's successful use of "New Villages" in the Malayan emergency. Finally, although most of the book is lucid, it is occasionally meandering, repetitive, and convoluted. This is particularly true for the introduction, which readers might consider skipping on the first read. *These criticisms are not meant to be dismissive. Science under Fire is a unique and uniquely important book. Those who are willing to mine its depths will be rewarded with a treasure trove of insight into the social and political factors that continue to shape conversations about science, technology, and faith in the United States today. *Reviewed by Stephen Contakes, Associate Professor of Chemistry, Westmont College, Santa Barbara, CA 93108.


The influence of die casting process parameters as well as solution and aging treatment on the microstructure and properties of AZ91D magnesium alloy has been carried out.And small batches of magnesium alloy automobile parts are produced successfully.


Objective To observe the expressions of CX CL12, CX CR4, and glial fibrillary acidic protein( G FAP) in dorsal root ganglion( DRG) of rat inflammatory pain model, the activation of satellite glial cell( SG C), and variations of pain behaviors after the inhibition of CX CR4.Methods A total of 18 rats were randomly divided into the blank control group, sham-inflammatory group, and inflammatory group( n = 6).The model of inflammatory pain was established by subcutaneous injection of complete Freund s adjuvant( CFA) at the right thenar.Pawwithdrawthresholds( PW Ts) were measured on day 3 and the DRG s were removed.The protein expressions of CX CL12, CX CR4, and G FAP were detected by the W estern blotting.Another 22 rats were randomly divided into the sham-inflammatory group( n = 6), control group( CFA + normal saline, n = 8),and treatment group( CFA + inhibitor, n = 8).PW Ts were measured before treatment, 2 h before and after drug injection, and after being treated for 1, 2, and 3 d.Ipsilateral DRG s were removed on day 3 and the expression of G FAP was detected by the W estern blotting and immunofluorescence.Results Inflammatory pain significantly up-regulated expressions of CX CL12, CX CR4, and G FAP in ipsilateral DRG s( P 0.05).PTW s decreased within 2 h( P 0.05) and the expression of G FAP significantly decreased after the inhibition of CX CR4( P 0.05).Conclusion Inflammatory pain up-regulates the expressions of CX CL12, CX CR4,and G FAP.The inhibition of CX CR4 can relieve the inflammatory pain for a short time and suppress the activation of SG Cin DRG.


Health care professionals are often required to make decisions regarding the use of medications during breastfeeding. Unfortunately, good-quality information on drugs in lactation is not readily available. Maternal medication is often unnecessarily viewed as a reason to discontinue breastfeeding. It is important to systematically evaluate the mother's need, infant factors and the data on specific drugs to avoid depriving infants of the benefits of breastfeeding.


In recent years, there have been significant efforts directed towards the 3D product development of clothing on virtual human models. However, developers legitimately criticize that static human models are not suitable for the construction of sports, medical, and protective clothing. A garment that fits a static shape may be very uncomfortable while performing daily tasks including walking, sitting, or reaching. Without a realistic body shape and natural human postures, it is difficult to create properly fitting apparel. To improve wearing comfort and shorten development times, clothing must be designed based on specific body postures. Moreover, innovative knowledge about the interaction between body and garment during movement must be considerate.


The objective of this study was to investigate the adsorption of Basic Yellow 28 that is a cationic dye on conch shells. The factors affecting the adsorption process such as the initial concentration of the dye, pH of the solution, the adsorbent dosage and the time of contact were investigated in a batch-adsorption technique. The removal efficiency of Basic yellow 28 dye with an initial concentration of 25 mg/L was greater than 95% for 120 min contact time. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm provided adequate fit for the equilibrium adsorption data (R2> 0.99), while the pseudo second order rate equation described the kinetic adsorption data quite well (R2> 0.99). Kinetic studies showed that film diffusion and intra-particle diffusion were simultaneously operating during the adsorption process. A temperature uptake from 20°C to 50°C induced a decrease of adsorption for of Basic Yellow 28 and the process was found to be exothermic and spontaneous. It may be concluded that conch shells may be used as low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Basic Yellow 28 and it may also be effective in removing as well other harmful or undesirable species present in the wastewater. Received 04 Sep 2017, Revised 09 Oct 2017, Accepted 14 Oct 2017


The invention discloses an HPLC fingerprint detection method of a cyclomastopathy eliminating pill preparation. The method comprises the following steps: preparing a test substance solution, preparing a reference substance solution, and determining the correlation between all bulk drugs and a finished product; and determining by using a high performance liquid chromatograph, calculating the relative retention time and the relative peak area of the test substance with the retention time and the peak area of a reference peak as 1 to obtain the HPLC fingerprint of the cyclomastopathy eliminating pill preparation. The HPLC fingerprint of athe cyclomastopathy eliminating pill preparation obtained through the method shows the numbers of characteristic peaks of radix bupleuri, Rhizoma Cyperi, Rheum officinale, Ligusticum wallichii, Rhizoma Curcumae, Chinese angelica, white peony root, Fritillaria thunbergii Miq., Vaccaria segetalis and green tangerine peel below 254nm are 4, 4, 17, 7, 5, 7, 11, 4, 6 and 11 respectively. Experiment verification results show that the fingerprint detection method has the advantages of high sensitivity and precision, good stability and repeatability, high similarity, objective, comprehensive and accurate evaluation of the quality of the cyclomastopathy eliminating pill preparation, and importance for guaranteeing of the clinic drug effect.


Purpose:The aim of the paper is to analysethe problems connected with the design of 5operation processesrealised within an organisation in the ISO 9001:2015 implementation 6process.7Design/methodology/approach:Critical literature analysis. Analysis of international literature 8from main databases and Polish literature and legal acts connecting with the researched topic. 9Findings:Design and development planning refers to identifying the stages and controls for 10the stages to design and develop products. Stages that are appropriate for product development 11are decided by a design team. An organisation is required to plan and develop its design and 12development activities as a process. The goal of this process is to ensure that the realisation of 13the product or service will be according to their specification. The design and development 14processes, operations, activities and controls shall be planned in accordance to several 15requirements. The organisation should implement the planned arrangementsat appropriate 16stages to verify that the product and service requirements have been met. The release of 17products and services to the customer shall not proceed until the planned arrangements have 18been satisfactory completed, unless otherwise approved by a relevant authority and as 19applicable by the customer.20Originality/value: Detailed analysis of all subjects related totheorganisation of designin ISO 219001:2015.22Keywords: quality management, ISO 9001:2015, ISO 9001, operations, design.23Category of the paper:literature review.


A double 3x3 Latin square was designed to study the balance of N in growing Mong Cai pigs with a live weight averaging 15 kg, fed with graded levels (0, 15 and 30% respectively in the diet, in dry basis) of moringa (Moringa oleifera) foliage meal. The foliage was composed of terminal branches (30 cm) including leaves and stems of moringa trees periodically cut within an integrated system of pig production, where the plants were periodically fertilized with effluents from biodigesters charged with pig excreta. Moringa foliage meal determined a slight trend (P<0.10) towards a reduction in some measured digestive indexes, particularly in DM and organic matter, but not in rectal digestibility of crude fiber and N (average of three treatments, 43.0 and 72.7% respectively). The N balance seemed to have a positive influence of the introduction of moringa foliage meal in the diet of pigs. Average value of N retention was 9.23 g/animal per day, and retention as percentage of intake was from 41.0 to 47.4% and as percentage of digestion, from 55.7 to 65.8% (in both cases, P<0.05). According to the herein showed data, moringa foliage meal may constitute an important ingredient in the diet of growing pigs, as a protein source for the animal.


Reasonable variation value is expected by the employer and the contractor.After a discussion of the compositions of direct cost of variation value, calculation method of value and control program of value, an efficacious method of controlling the value of variation--calculation and control program of variation value is worked out. In order to avoid the appearance of claims of variation value between the employer and the contractor, an understanding is needed to the calculation of variation value. The calculation of variation value is simpler than the confirmation of variation.


Objective:To investigate the effects of Maijun'an Tablets on expression of endothelin-1(ET-1) and nitricoxide synthase(NOS) in tissues and plasma of spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). Methods:12 spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) were divided randomly into normal control group and drug administration group. Rats in drug administration group were orally given with Maijun'an Tablets (hydrochlorothiazide 10 mg·kg-1.d-1,puerarin 36 mg·kg-1.d-1 and total alkaloid of rhynchophylla 122 mg·kg-1.d-1) once a day for 4 weeks,and rats in control group were orally dosed with equal amount of physiological saline. All animals were sacrificed after 4 weeks. The mRNA and protein contents of ET-1 and NOS in plasma,liver,kidnay and blood vessel were determined. Results:Compared with the control group,Maijun'an Tablets can effectively reduce blood pressure of SHRs,regulate down the content of ET-1 and regulate up the content of NOS at mRNA and protein levels. Conclusion:The up-regulation of NOS and down-regulation of ET-1 at mRNA and protein levels were the major antihypertensive machnisam of Maijun'an Tablets for SHRs.


"Spatial Development Veilen; A Simulation Game" (NL: Gebiedsontwikkeling Veilen: Een Simulatiespel) is a comparative experiment and a simulation game to educate students about the complexity of rural spatial planning. Two normative models of implementation strategies were compared: a serial strategic approach and a parallel adaptive approach based on Interactive Implementation. The game comprises four main roles: the province, the municipality, the water authority and the agricultural population. The task of the governmental organizations is to design and implement an integrated spatial plan that complies to all policy goals of the different governmental actors involved. In interaction with each other and the local community they try to realize their goals. The game has an experimental set up. The teams face several surprises to simulate the complexity of reality. The games are analyzed on process and outcome. In the analysis of the two implementation approaches we see that the teams using the strategic approach come to more innovative outcomes, but the parallel adaptive approach showed more innovations in the process. Observing the process and outcome it is noticed that the serial strategic approach faced much more obstruction and conflict in their interactions with the local population. The parallel adaptive approaches was characterised by cooperation and negotiation. Both approaches showed characteristics of cooperation and creativity, negotiation and bargaining, and conflict and obstruction. The outcome of the serial strategic approach showed more function combinations, but is realized for higher costs and more struggle. Because of the latter, it is concluded that the experiment shows that the adaptive approach fits better to the complex reality and implementing complex integrated spatial policy. The paper ends with some notes on the game as a learning tool.


Triplex formation in various stoichiometric mixtures of oligonucleoside methylphosphonates d-Ap(GpAp)7G (A) and d-Cp(TpCp)7 (B) (p = methylphosphonate) was studied by measuring the NH-N hydrogen bonded NMR resonance in relation to temperature and pH. Only a duplex or a triplex was observed for the mixture at pH 6.8 or 3.83 respectively, but both duplex and triplex coexist at pH 4.75. Thus the polymorphism of the mixture is close related to the pKa (4.30) for protonation of B. The triplex starts to dissociate when pH < 2. All data indicate that the duplex and triplex formed by A and B are less stable than those formed by d-A-(G-A-)7G (C) and d-C-(T-C-)7T (D) (- = phosphodiester). The conformation of the triplex A·B2 is the same at pH 3.83 as that of the corresponding triplex C·D2 at pH 4.50, but different at pH 4.75. Thus, the A·B2 triplex must be able to exist in various conformations, depending on the acidity of the solution. Furthermore, no diastereoisomeric effect was observable on duplex and triplex formation as similar chemical shifts of all NH resonances from C+, G, and T bases were recorded from a mixture of myriad steric isomers.


Since the execution of Captain George Kendall in 1608, the death penalty has been one of the most debated political issues in contemporary United States history. The capital punishment debate often centers on the usefulness to society. A recurring and pressing question in this debate is; how to best measure the effectiveness of the death penalty and its impact on society? Obviously, if the ultimate goal is to put a person to death then the death penalty, once carried out, is quite effective. However, one would reasonably assume that punishing criminals will have other benefits and even drawbacks. For example, capital punishment may serve as an effective deterrence to future acts of violence or decrease the cost of punishing criminals. Another issue which arises in this debate is the criteria used to select candidates for the death penalty. Obviously, there are clear and well defined criteria used to determine eligibility for the death penalty as prescribed by state laws. The problem here is that the death penalty, far too often, is sought in capital murder cases against defendants from poorer and often politically and socially marginalized sectors of society than more affluent ones. This clearly raises the issue of equity in administration. Finally, one can not negate the fact that once administered the death penalty can not be revoked. Corrective actions can not be taken when and if information surfaces which exonerates an individual of a crime. The purpose of this assessment is to determine the effectiveness of the death penalty. This evaluation will focus primarily on data from Michigan and Texas and will center on cost effectiveness, deterrence, equity in the candidacy process and finally will revisit the constitutionality debate.


This paper is focused on technology selection and acquisition policy in the field of industrial development of Bangladesh. Literature review and industrial survey were the main tools for this study. This study contributes to identify the current trend of selecting and purchasing industrial technology. Additionally, this paper has focused on the strategy of technology acquisition for rapid growth of manufacturing industries in Bangladesh.


The magnetic and quadrupole moments of the vector and axial-vector mesons containing heavy quark are estimated within the light cone sum rules method. Our predictions on magnetic moments for the vector mesons are compared with the results obtained by other approaches.


Public opinion scholars have recently focused on understanding why surveys report such high levels of misinformation among otherwise knowledgeable and engaged partisans. In this paper, we take advantage of a natural experiment involving the October 2012 jobs report announcement to gain a more complete understanding of how individuals' beliefs are influenced by new salient information in a politicized environment. We examine reactions by Republicans and Democrats on a factual question about the unemployment rate immediately before and after the announcement that unemployment had fallen below 8% for the first time during the Obama presidency. Using a variety of techniques, including response latency measures, we conclude that partisans did react to the jobs report by engaging in motivated reasoning, providing a clearer understanding of why individuals respond to factual questions in vastly different ways.


Procedures. In this study, a modified version of Rensis Likert's Profile of Organizational Analysis was administered to 50 hospital management personnel. These subjects were divided into three groups--the administrative team, the department heads, and the supervisory personnel. Each subject made two responses, in the form of personal perceptions, to each of 19 items on the research instrument. These responses, the way the subject felt the management system of the hospital is and the way.they felt it ought to be were profiled on Likert's four management systems to ascertain whether there were any differences in the perceptions. A t-test was applied to the mean differences of the is and the ought perceptions of each group on the six organizational characteristics that were measured on the Profile. An analysis of variance was made on the is perceptions of the three groups to see if there were any-intergroup differences in those perceptions. The data obtained in these analyses were used to describe the management system at Mercy Hospital.


The stacked PZT actuators are widely used in precision equipments. In this paper, a new type of mechanical magnifier incorporated with stacked PZT, which we brand it as MechaTrans is proposed. It is a two-step magnification mechanism and is capable of performing precise and high speed linear motion. 30 types of MechaTrans are commercialised. We have confirmed that the stroke is magnified up to sixteen hundred micrometers (1600m), which is 60 times of the original stacked PZT stroke. Under a practical operation condition of an industrial application, the operated cycles of the MechaTrans have already exceeded 1 billion cycles, and it is still operating in well condition. As another feature, MechaTrans is capable of performing high speed linear motion. They have been successfully applied to several industrial applications. Besides, they are going to be applied to agriculture, consumer, and medical fields.


This research focuses on the subjective analysis of poverty. The data that was used corresponds to a survey applied to 89 families of Huehuetla, which is con...


Purpose: This study was performed to identify the etiologic agents and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of organisms responsible for bloodstream infections in pediatric cancer patients for guidance in empiric antimicrobial therapy. Methods: One hundred and ninety-seven episodes of bloodstream infections that developed in 128 pediatric cancer patients were analyzed, which were identified at the Seoul National University Children's Hospital during a 4 year-period from 2002 to 2005. Results: A total of 214 pathogens was isolated, of which 64.0 percent were gram-negative, 31.3 percent were gram-positive bacteria, and 4.7 percent were fungi. The most common pathogens were Klebsiella spp. (21 percent) and Escherichia coli (16.8 percent), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS, 7.9 percent) and viridans streptococci (7.5 percent) emerged as important pathogens. Neutro- penic patients were more often associated with gram-negative bacteria than non-neutropenic patients (67.5 percent vs. 51.1%, P=0.018) and patients with central venous catheters were more often asso- ciated with CNS and viridans streptococci than those without. Resistance rates of gram-positive bacteria to penicillin, oxacillin and vancomycin were 83.3 percent, 48.5 percent and 0.5 percent, respectively, and those of gram-negative bacteria to cefotaxime, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, gentamicin and amikacin were 24.1 percent, 17.2 percent, 6.6 percent, 21.6 percent, and 14.2 percent, respectively. Gram-negative bacteremias were more often associated with intensive care than gram- positive bacteremias (26.5 percent vs. 10.3 percent, P=0.016), and patients with catheters were more often associated with intensive care (34.4 percent vs. 10.8 percent, P<0.001) and higher fatality rate (16.7 percent vs. 4.8 percent, P=0.012) than those without. Conclusion: This study revealed that gram-negative bacteria are still a dominant organism in bloodstream infections, especially in neutropenic patients, and confirmed that gram-positive bacteria are emerging as important etiological agents in bloodstream infections of pediatric hemato-oncologic patients. (Korean J Pediatr 2007;50:56-64)


Studying the family in development in social and cultural contexts that are in constant transformation constitutes a challenge for the psychologists who study the family development. This article aims to describe the environment in which Brazilian families lived when the Questionnaire of Ideal Father was administrated to young university students from Pasquali's research. The structure and the parental and gender relations that characterize the families in the second half of the XX century are highlighted. The sistemic theory and the family ecopsychological definition are pointed out as promising ways to guide the research about the family functioning and the current conceptions of family, mother and father.