As the rapid development of economy in China,the investment of government on public health project has increased. As a method of project value evaluation and allocation of resources,cost-benefit analysis has been used more and more broadly in practice. But nowadays,net present value method,which is popularly used in the public health area,neglected the social discount rate. It makes the research findings unscientific and inaccurate. The reasonable choice is calculating the social discount rate by weighted averages method so as to make scientific and accurate cost-benefit analysis for public health project.


AFTER the observation in man that leakage from a small aneurysm induced thrombosis within and around the sac, Dott first attempted operative reinforcement of what he termed, "Nature's attempt at healing." 1 On April 22, 1931, Dott exposed a congenital cerebral aneurysm at the junction of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries, which promptly ruptured. The hemorrhage was controlled by a pledget of leg muscle, and the arteries and the aneurysm were subsequently surrounded by thin sheets of muscle. This case was reported two years after operation, and at that time the patient was well. In our series of 57 congenital cerebral aneurysms treated by an intracranial operative procedure, 4 have been packed by muscle or with oxidized cellulose, as described by Dott. In two of these cases a recurrent subarachnoid hemorrhage occurred. As a result of this experience in the human being, a number of tissue irritants have been


This study belongs to the third year project, which title is 'research and development of silver industry based on fusion technology'. Main theme of the third year is to develope a variety of environmental design for the aged in order to prepare for coming aged society of Korea. So, as a part of the upper project, this study was aimed to propose the residential unit design of silvertown(retirement housing) of Korea. The proceeding of this study is as follows: First, the analyses of existing studies and statistics in relations with the aged. Secondly, the field survey of inside and outside of the country. Next, the establishment of design goal and making design criteria. Finally, the proposal of designs to satisfy the target of this study. As the result, 3 unit-types were proposed, which are one studio type(area: 57.3m2) and two 2-bed room types(area: 58.6m2, 86.4m2). And all of 3 types have common features like as space-making for using wheelchair, adapting the principles of universal design, furniture layout and spatial arrangement to face each other and so on. Studio type was designed for single aged with modern, natural, simple image. 2-bed room types were designed for couple aged persons. The type of 58.6m2 was designed with oriental image based on natural image and the image of 86.4m2 was somewhat popular with neoclassic and elegant image.


We propose the exact expression of the bit-error rate for optical soliton communication systems with lumped amplifiers by considering the combined effect of timing jitter and energy fluctuation. Some numerical examples are given, and the dependence of the optimal fiber dispersion on the amplification period and the transmission distance is discussed.


Sedimentologic evidence for paleobathymetty, like paleontologic evidence, is largely indirect in that it mostly reflects processes and conditions that are themselves partly depth-dependent. Sedimentologic approaches can be a useful adjunct to paleontology for interpreting paleodepths, particularly in relatively shallow water. Pleistocene deposits of the Merced Formation on the San Francisco Peninsula, California, provide an excellent opportunity to demonstrate the methods, value, and difficulties of the sedimentologic approach. Distinction between subaerial and subaqueous deposition can be drawn on the basis of eolian structure, paleosols, and other sedimentary features. The spacing of symmetric ripples relative to their grain size and lenticular laminae of heavy minerals may be useful for identifying deposition in very shallow water. The boundary between intertidal and subtidal deposits serves to establish ancient sea-level positions. The boundary is reflected by the upward transitionsfrom cross-bedded sand (nearshore facies) to planar-bedded sand (foreshore facies) in open-coast deposits, and from laminated sand andlor mud (subtidal channel bank facies) to bioturbated sand andlor mud (intertidal flat facies) in the deposits of coastal embayments. Where the physical setting (i.e., wave energy, sediment input, etc.) can be reasonably reconstructed, paleodepths in shelffacies are indicated by the maximum depth of cross-bedding and gravel deposits generated by the effects of shoaling waves, the contact between shelf sand and mud, and the deepest occurrence of shell lags. In Pleistocene shelf deposits of the Merced Formation on the San Francisco Peninsula, California, these depths are placed at 10 + 5 m, 60 + 10 m, and 100 + 20 m, respectively, based on their inferred depth on the modern central California shelf. At greater depths the sedimentologic approach loses resolution and reliability. Interpretations based on the distribution of turbidites, evidence of anoxic conditions, and calcium carbonate compensation depths and lysoclines are probably most useful for establishing paleodepth in a relative sense only. Integration of the sedimentologic and paleontologic approaches carries a high potential for improving our ability to determine paleobathymetry. INTRODUCTION


A thickness-mode piezoelectric composite resonator consisting of a ZnO film on a silicon substrate was studied. The relation between the effective electromechanical coupling factor and the ratio of the substrate thickness to the piezoelectric-film thickness was theoretically analyzed. In order to obtain a lower-order overtone composite resonator with high electromechanical coupling, a thin diaphragm structure fabricated by anisotropic etching of a silicon wafer was utilized as a substrate. An effective electromechanical coupling factor of 8.9% was experimentally obtained for the 2nd overtone mode.


In a recent article decrying the traditional approach to teaching arrangement, Patrick Hartwell has observed that composition teachers often frustrate their students by teaching them "idealized constructs" instead of workable techniques. According to Hartwell, students perceive composition teachers to be "holding out one answer on the surface while hiding some more arcane, and more correct answer behind our back, daring them to discover it."' Indeed, students who are looking for clear and useful advice about how to set up a paper must suspect that we, as teachers and writers, know more about organization than we are willing to say. We enjoin the student to outline and to use the "patterns of exposition," but beyond these woefully general bits of advice we are curiously mute on the subject of arrangement. Certainly one reason for our silence is that not a great deal of useful theory on arrangement exists. As Frank D'Angelo has noted, "despite the countless number of composition texts, we know very little about order in composition."2 Yet our students are right in suspecting that, in a practical sense, good writers know a great deal about essay organization. My purpose in this article will be not so much to formulate innovative theory about organization as to establish a coherent and teachable sequence covering some (though certainly not all) of the practical principles, progressions and patterns which fluent writers use in arranging their material.


The effects of location and shape of a localised corrugation on the performance of a fixed inclined slider bearing are investigated numerically, using a finite element method. It is shown that normal force increases uniformly as the corrugation is relocated downstream in the bearing gap, from being less than that of the smooth walled case to being higher, while flow rate decreases, also uniformly. Corrugation with the shape of rectangle waves produce largest changes in pressure distribution, normal force and flow rate, relative to the smooth walled case. This is followed by sine-wave corrugation, whereas triangle-wave corrugation produces smallest changes. The number of corrugation waves produces similar, but weaker, changes in normal force and flow rate, to the corrugation volume, when this is used as a parameter characterizing corrugation shape.


OBJECTIVE To check tradition spasmolytic and observe curative effect and safety of Spasmomen,Otilonium bromide for IBS treatment by contrast.METHODS To select 67 patients diagnosed IBS in the digest department of the hospital,divide them into 2 groups randomly,separately be treated by Spasmomen,Otilonium bromide and 654-2 for 2 weeks period of treatment each other and then have paper investagation and IBS clinic indexes observation etc.RESULTS After 2 weeks treatment,the total effective rates of Spasmomen,Otilonium bromide and 654-2 are respectively 76.2% and 56%,which differ greatly.CONCLUSION Spasmomen,Otilonium bromide is the effective medicine for IBS therapy as its less side effects.


Polarization of molecular lines at 1.3 mm wavelength has been used to trace magnetic field directions between 1 and 3 pc north of Sgr A*. This region connects the Galactic center and the circumnuclear disk (CND) and contains the northern arm of the ionized minispiral. Previous observations using polarized thermal dust emission have shown a rather uniform north-south magnetic field but with uncertainty about the relative contributions (and confusion) of the rotating disk and infalling streamers. By separating these components by velocity in carbon monoxide (CO) spectra, we find that the -20 km s-1 streamer has a different magnetic field from that of the CND, and there is no clear correlation with gas flow directions. However, the dust data do trace the CND magnetic field direction within a few degrees. The CO polarization levels demonstrate the theoretically expected variations with line optical depth.


ABSTSRACT With the increasing complexity of microelectronic systems and ongoing miniaturization, reliability issues and their associated structural dimensions cross over from the microto the nanoscale. From this perspective fracture of materials and material interfaces for microelectronic components is essentially a multi-scale process. A Consortium of companies and research institutions is putting this multiscale perspective into practice as part of the NanoInterface project (http://www.nanointerface.eu/). In this paper the individual simulation methods (atomistic, mesoscale and microscale) will be discussed and first results on the multilevel aspects will be presented.


We consider a scenario where, along with the usual Higgs doublet, two scalar triplets are present. The extension of the triplet sector is required for the Type~II mechanism for the generation of neutrino masses, if this mechanism has to generate a neutrino mass matrix with two-zero texture. One CP-violating phase has been retained in the scalar potential of the model, and all parameters have been chosen consistently with the observed neutrino mass and mixing patterns. We find that a large phase ($\gtrsim 60^{\circ}$) splits the two doubly-charged scalar mass eigenstates wider apart, so that the decay $H_1^{++} \rightarrow H_2^{++} h$ is dominant (with h being the $125$ GeV scalar). We identify a set of benchmark points where this decay dominates. This is complementary to the situation, reported in our earlier work, where the heavier doubly-charged scalar decays as $H_1^{++} \rightarrow H_2^+ W^+$. We point out the rather spectacular signal, ensuing from $H_1^{++} \rightarrow H_2^{++} h$, in the form of Higgs plus same-sign dilepton peak, which can be observed at the Large Hadron Collider.


Our research discusses the application of various multiples used to estimate the values of listed firms in China. We find first that (different) multiples result in different negotiable market values and total market value for the listed companies, and their accuracies are different. Second, (after) adjusting company's cash level, the performance of the ratios based on profits in evaluating the negotiable market value is improved, but the (performance) of the ratios in evaluating the total market value is not improved.


© The Author(s) 2019. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative CommonsAttribution 4.0 License (CC BY,http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in anymedium, provided the original work is properly cited.


The impacts of laws and regulations on competitiveness have strong implications for OECD economies, as they can lead to unforeseen negative externalities and considerable regulatory costs for businesses and citizens. Nevertheless, the use of regulatory policy to assess the impacts of regulations on competitiveness has seldom been examined. This paper fills this gap by reviewing OECD members' regulatory impact assessment (RIA) frameworks and the extent to which the competitiveness effects are currently appraised. It categorises regulatory impacts on competitiveness into three strongly interrelated components – cost competitiveness, innovation, and international competitiveness – and builds upon the OECD's expertise to examine how regulations affect each component of competitiveness in turn. In doing so, the paper proposes a more complete structure that regulators can use to define and assess the competitiveness impacts of regulation as part of their RIA processes framework.


This article specially focused on two type of global intercultural products with the exemples of Yang Jung-Ung's ≪Macbeth-Hwan≫ and Ninagawa's ≪Macbeth≫. Since Globalization and transculturation Inter-cultural performance work has been stale, and the argument of Western-orientated existence and form is no longer lively. However, passing through the period of post-colonialism and post-modernism, and the current globalization coinciding with more free and natural cultural combination was attempted from the regional area. We see those cases through western classics, eastern culture being the core. The globalization of regional culture turning into reality by play is the creation of a variety of global culture for alternative culture. The culture, superior to proliferation, capital, and politics, leading 'one global culture' today, it is very valuable cultural idea. Shakespeare performances of Ninagawa and Jung-Ung Yang are accepted as a kind of biography in Japan and Korea. Respectively being the most Japanese and Korean, they rose to the surface as a new product through successful communication with other cultures. Keeping the original state but bringing time and space to Japan, Ninagawa's performance was easy to be understood by people all over the world who are familiar with the original piece. Moreover, the stage full of the delicate audio-visual images and spectacular stage in Japanese style made it possible of the exchanges between deep emotion and trembling. The communication between cultures was possible ever so much in Japan and other cultures even though the performance was made with regional language. Jung-Ung Yang become lively the exchanges between cultures. He wrote the original again, but he knew that the plot has to be simple and clear in his performance for smooth communication. The reason that his dramatization shines is at his sorting out skill. And he adds eastern elements to his Korean style stage. As he has shown in Yun-Karma, his Shakespeare stage that is proficient in modern theatre of image is Korean and Asian style performance. What prepares the principal of performances is the world of Korean traditional theatre, play and ritual. The main cause that decides his stage is too made with audio-visual directing. However, the powerful movement of cultural mutuality is alive in all elements. Using unpsychological acting, but physical acting, body language and clear outline of body, costume, stage design, and music, free cultural combination and uniformed, refined stage composition are in balance appropriately.


Purpose: Reduced expression of the transforming growth factor β receptor type II (TGFβRII), a key inhibitor of epithelial cell growth and tumor suppressor gene, was reported frequently in many types of tumors including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study explored the significance of the TGFβRII gene in NSCLC carcinogenesis. Experimental Design: With 43 independent pairs of tumor and paracarcinoma tissue samples from patients with primary NSCLC, we carried out PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis screening for DNA variants over the coding sequence of the TGFβRII gene, immunohistochemical assay of TGFβRII expression, methylation-specific PCR analysis, and semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Results: The PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis did not detect variation in the whole coding sequence of the TGFβRII gene, but the immunohistochemistry experiment revealed reduced or lost expression of the gene in 44% (19 of 43) of the tumor samples. The methylation analysis on the 19 pairs detected the frequent occurrence of methylated TGFβRII promoter in tumor tissues, whereas most of the paracarcinoma tissues were free of methylation. The reduced TGFβRII expression was highly significantly associated with the methylation event (P < 10−4). The reverse transcription-PCR analysis demonstrated a clear agreement between reduced TGFβRII expression and decreased mRNA level of the gene in the tumor tissue samples. Conclusions: TGFβRII plays an important role as a tumor suppressor in NSCLC carcinogenesis. The defective expression may serve as one of most important molecular mechanisms in explaining progression of the disease. In particular, aberrant 5′ CpG methylation of the gene has explained the down-regulation of the gene at a transcriptional level.


The proposed code of professional ethics for simulationists covers the following five areas: Personal development and the profession, professional competence, trustworthiness, property rights and due credit, and compliance with the code.


Sixty-five selected patients with pain, mainly of musculo-skeletal origin, were offered treatment by a qualified medical acupuncturist in his general practice surgery as an alternative to hospital outpatient referral. The patients assessed their own outcomes on a digital scale: there were 46 successful treatments and 14 failures, with 5 being lost to follow up. The cost of acupuncture treatment was compared to that of the referral that would have been made if acupuncture had not been offered. The acupuncture was found to have cost £10,943 against a minimum likely cost for hospital referrals of £26,783. A minimum total saving for all 60 patients of £13,916 was determined, giving an average saving per patient of £232. Additional hidden savings through avoiding further hospital procedures and expenditure on medication were not taken into account. It is concluded that acupuncture in selected patients and when used by an appropriately qualified practitioner appears to be a cost-effective therapy for use in general practice, reducing the need for more expensive hospital referrals.


The effectiveness of the teaching and learning process in the classroom will be achieved if all students focus their full attention and can give a good response to the ongoing teaching and learning activities in classroom. Teachers' readiness and knowledge of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can provide teachers with an understanding of the behavior of ADHD students in creating a conducive and optimal learning environment for ADHD students in school. This study aimed to measure the differences in the attitudes of mainstream primary school teachers towards the willingness to teach students with ADHD in their classrooms and the level of teachers' knowledges of ADHD among students. This study uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) based on 10 articles that have been deliberately selected to find and evaluate the relationship between the readiness and knowledge of educators about ADHD students. The main source of this study is through the highlights of previous works obtained from the online database of Google Scholar and Scopus analyzed based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). This study provides insight into how teacher preparedness is influenced by their knowledge of ADHD students and this study can help to understand the problems and needs of mainstream school teachers who have ADHD students in their classrooms. This study proves that the willingness and knowledge of teachers is important in helping parents and students with ADHD. Further research needs to be carried out so that ADHD students will not miss out on learning and also able to provide more reference sources related to deal with ADHD students in classroom.


The limitation of individual decision-making and the complication of education leads to teachers' significant role in school decision-making.Participation in school decision-making can improve teachers' enthusiasm in work and professional development.Teachers' satisfaction to the participation can be judged by the following three factors: desire to participate,factual participating and influence in participation.The relation ship between teachers and decision,teachers' speciality advantages and teachers' power limits the former three.Teachers' satisfaction to their participation in the school decision-making is an effective way to promoting schools development.


The aim of this article is to show the threats connected with the exchange rate stabilization within the framework of ERM II and the analysis of the randomly selected EU countries – candidates for the Euro Zone. A two year stabilization of the exchange rate within the ERM II required prior to the Euro Zone accession is connected with numerous risks typical of a fixed rate with a hard band of fluctuations. There are two ways of exchange rate stabilization – a standard one as in the case of the Slovenian Tolar or a currency board (the case of the Baltic states). Neither of them is free of drawbacks. Against this background a question can be formulated: is the exchange rate stabilization indispensable for the Euro Zone accession at all? More and more arguments are raised against it. The most relevant ones refer to the criteria of price stability and fiscal stability. Stabilization of the exchange rate within the ERM II for two years in the situation of free capital flows may not be successful and there is a probability of the currency crisis in the country stabilizing the exchange rate.


A new technique that allows visualization of whole pelvic organs with high accuracy and usability is needed for preoperative simulation in advanced rectal cancer surgery. In this study, we developed an automated algorithm to create a three‐dimensional (3D) model from pelvic MRI using artificial intelligence (AI) technology.


October 2006 Distribution And Efficacy Of Pyrethrin Aerosol for Control of the Confused Flour Beetle In Food Storage Facilities. Aerosol fogging applications are often used to control insect pests in food storage facilities, including the confused flour beetle, but there is limited information regarding distribution and efficacy of aerosols for control of this insect in actual field sites. We exposed adult beetles either with or without flour inside an empty warehouse, and applied a commercial pyrethrin aerosol formulation according to label directions. Recovery from knockdown increased as the amount of flour in the test arenas increased, indicating that the flour compromised efficacy to an extent, but we also found that the aerosol was not equally distributed throughout the test warehouse. In addition, short-term application of aerosol (once a week for four weeks) did not seem to affect resident populations. Results indicate that long-term aerosol applications may be necessary in actual practice to decrease recovery from knockdown, account for unequal distribution of aerosol, and provide more opportunities for exposure of resident populations. (Frank Arthur, telephone: 785776-2783; email: firstname.lastname@example.com)


This paper discusses various changes and developments in the tyre industry which have or will affect bus and coach operators, including tyre technology and items specific to city bus or route bus operations.


This paper compared the effects of transplanting method,throwing method or cottage,on the changes of biomass,height,node and the time for adventitious roots and sprout formation after transplanting segments of 4 submerged macrophytes,Ceratophyllum demersum,Elodea nuttallii,Hydrilla verticillata and Myriophyllum spicatum,which are common dominant submerged macrophytes in lakes along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.The results showed that all segments had obvious changes.After transplantation,all the segments developed adventitious roots except those of C.demersum and developed sprout except those of M.spicatum.Throwing method and cuttage had no significant influences on biomass,node and the time for sprout formation,but had significant influences on the plant height of C.demersum.The transplantation method had significant influences on biomass,node and the time for adventitious roots and sprout formation of E.nuttallii and H.verticillata,and on biomass and height of M.spicatum,but no significant influences on the node and the time for adventitious roots and sprout formation of M.spicatum.The results can provide reference to the remediation,restoration and reconstruction of degraded water.


Abstract Radium-228 (228Ra) and Radium-226 (226Ra) isotopes in drinking water are significant from the aspect of radiation protection and human health. In this paper, the three most common preconcentration methods, i.e.coprecipitation, absorption and evaporation, were reviewed with emphasis on routinely measurement techniques. The reviewed measurement techniques include low background γ-spectrometry, α-spectrometry and liquid scintillation counting. The γ-spectrometry technique is the good selection, when the maximum sensitivity is considered. The Environmental Protection Agency guideline has provided the maximum concentration level 0.74 Bq/L for 226Ra and 228Ra. Also, the World Health Organization guideline limit is 1 Bq/L and 0.1 Bq/L for 226Ra and 228Ra, respectively.


The present study describes the geographically isolated Pomak population and its particular dietary patterns in relationship to cardiovascular risk factors. We collected a population-based cohort in a cross-sectional study, with detailed anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, and lifestyle parameter information. Dietary patterns were derived through principal component analysis based on a validated food-frequency questionnaire, administered to 1702 adult inhabitants of the Pomak villages on the Rhodope mountain range in Greece. A total of 69.9% of the participants were female with a population mean age of 44.9 years; 67% of the population were overweight or obese with a significantly different prevalence for obesity between men and women (17.5% vs. 37.5%, respectively, p < 0.001). Smoking was more prevalent in men (45.8% vs. 2.2%, p < 0.001), as 97.3% of women had never smoked. Four dietary patterns emerged as characteristic of the population, and were termed "high in sugars", "quick choices", "balanced", and "homemade". Higher adherence to the "high in sugars" dietary pattern was associated with increased glucose levels (p < 0.001) and increased risk of hypertension (OR (95% CI) 2.61 (1.55, 4.39), p < 0.001) and nominally associated with high blood glucose levels (OR (95% CI) 1.85 (1.11, 3.08), p = 0.018), compared to lower adherence. Overall, we characterize the dietary patterns of the Pomak population and describe associations with cardiovascular risk factors.


The epithelial NaC Channel (ENaC) is rate limiting to NaC entry across many epithelia. Its activity modifies transepithelial NaC transport and by extension salt and water absorption. It has long been known that the channel's conductance increases, albeit non-linearly, as the NaC concentration increases. However, this channel is unique in that it is also inhibited by elevating the concentration of the transported ion leading to inhibition of permeability. This effect occurs at 2 different time domains stemming from at least 2 distinct mechanisms. The initial acute time course occurs by interaction of the sodium ion with the channel or channel associated proteins and occurs within seconds. The prolonged time course spans minutes to days. This has been recognized early on and termed feedback inhibition. Feedback inhibition is ubiquitously observed for ENaC in many native and heterologous systems and has been reported to involve the ubiquitin ligase protein Nedd4-2, and protein kinase C. The physiological significance of feedback inhibition has been demonstrated by Palmer and colleagues; however, an exact link to the channel has remained missing. In the 8(5) issue of Channels Patel et al. examined the mechanism of feedback inhibition of ENaC by [NaC]i . They subdivide feedback inhibition into one with a 1–2 hour time course and one with an overnight (>8 h) time course. In the early phase, inhibition was not accompanied by detectable effects on subunit trafficking or plasma membrane density but was dependent on the presence of intact channel subunit C-termini. By utilizing a truncated C-terminus b subunit they demonstrated that the sensitivity to increased [NaC]i was rightward shifted or reduced. This demonstrates for the first time that feedback inhibition may affect individual channel activity or open probability (Po), but interestingly, in a manner that depends on the presence of intact intracellular Ctermini. The broader implications are that Po cannot be simply assigned to a single amino acid but is rather the collective activity of numerous extra, intra and transmembrane domains. The second implication is that prolonged increases of [NaC]i may involve downstream modification or signaling with the intracellular C-termini. The second phase of feedback inhibition was observed at periods >8 h. This longer phase was dependent on internalization of gENaC possibly accompanied by reduced cleavage of this subunit indicating reduced channel activity by reducing membrane protein density and by reducing subunit cleavagea process that leads to channel activation. Their results indicate the importance of the C-termini in this phase and present a continuum of events whereby early feedback inhibition likely occurs by inactivating membrane resident channels, while prolonged inactivation occurs by reduced endogenous and presumably intracellular cleavage of subunits accompanied by enhanced internalization from the plasma membrane. The physiological significance of these differences could reside in the recovery from an intracellular NaC load in the kidneys. These data would predict that rapid recovery from inhibition after a 1–2 h increase of tubular [NaC] is allowed with ease possibly due to the reversibility of inhibition of channel Po; a process that requires that no changes of membrane protein density have occurred. Conversely, recovery from


The suitable temperature for seed germination of Cuminum cyminum L.was 25℃ under the condition of continuous light and darkness and was 20℃ under the condition of 16 h light and 8 h darkness and alternating temperature 25℃/day and 16℃/night.The optimum soil moisture content was 15% for seed germination.


Embodiments of the present invention, a unicast communication method, apparatus, and provides a system, the field of communication, in order to unicast system that does not require a channel quality feedback, implementing the efficient transmission of large amounts of data It is provided. Unicast communication method, a base station, so as to obtain at least two channel status level group, the grouping terminals based on channel condition level corresponding to the measurement information of the uplink channel, each channel status select modulation coding mode for level group, sending and processing decode the packet sent to the terminal by using a fountain code to obtain a fountain code blocks, a fountain code block to the terminal and that the terminal is receiving a fountain code blocks sent packet by the base station, determines the channel status level group to which the terminal belongs, to use the modulation coding mode corresponding to the channel status level group Fidoba by ACK signal and decoding the fountain code block, the base station by And a not to be or delivery delivering click. Embodiments of the present invention is applied to a unicast communication system.


The self-made Cu-RE refining agents were used to refine impure-copper.The influences of RE elements on refinements and structures were studied and the effect mechanism of RE was discussed.The results show that by adding proper amounts of Cu-RE refining agents into impure-coppers,the effect of RE on the refinement of impure-coppers is perfect.Furthermore,the dendrite grains of the samples are refined and the structure becomes more homogeneous,so the electric conduction function and mechanical properties of the impure-copper are improved.


BACKGROUND
Tracheobronchial (TB) lumen narrowing may require prolonged positive-pressure ventilation, endotracheal tube intubation or even surgical interventions. Therapeutic flexible bronchoscopy (TFB) of balloon-expandable metallic stent (BEMS) placement and subsequent forceps, laser and balloon dilatation management might be less invasive and helpful. This study aimed to analyse the placement, follow-up management with TFB and long-term outcomes in small infants with BEMS.

METHODS
This retrospective study reviewed the medical records and associated TFB videos of infants with a maximum BW of 5.0 kg who had TB BEMS placement from January 2005 to December 2017 at our institution. All TFB procedures were supported with a novel noninvasive ventilation, nasopharyngeal oxygen with intermittent nose closure and abdominal compression.

RESULTS
Forty-one BEMSs were placed in 24 infants. The mean BW and mean age were 4.0 ± 0.7 kg and 4.9 ± 2.4 months, respectively. There were 20, 8 and 13 stents located in trachea, carina and main-stem bronchi, respectively. Seven infants with thirteen stents died without obvious stent-related mortality. Seven stents in five infants were successfully retrieved by rigid endoscopy. At placement, the diameters of 28 tracheal and 21 bronchial stents were 7.5 ± 1.1 (4-10) and 5.4 ± 0.9 (4-8) mm, respectively. These implanted BEMSs could be gradually and significantly (p < 0.01) expanded. At the end of the follow-up period, all the remaining 21 stents in 12 infants were functional. The diameters of the 14 remaining tracheal and 13 remaining bronchial stents were 9.6 ± 2.0 (8-14) and 7.2 ± 1.4 (4-10) mm, respectively.

CONCLUSION
BEMSs are practical and effective in select small infants with benign TB narrowing and can be safely implanted and managed with TFB, and finally retrieved by rigid endoscopy.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).


Abstract The influence of tiger-specific (sex, age group), environmental (seasons, photoperiod) and anthropogenic (human use regimes) factors on the movements and spatial distribution of tigers using the human-dominated buffer zone of the Panna Tiger Reserve, India was studied. Generalised linear mixed models were used to test the significance of the relationships between the covariates influencing tiger presence. We report that tiger-specific factors – age group (generation) and sex – and environmental factors – seasons and day/night – significantly explain the observed variations in tiger use of the human-dominated buffer zone. For instance, second-generation tigers (sub-adults) spent 40% of their time in the human-use areas, compared to 10% spent by first-generation tigers (adult). When in human-use areas, sub-adult tigers approached areas near villages and spent 30% less time in areas close to water than adult tigers. Our study concludes that, in addition to tiger-specific factors, human factors, including livestock practices and peoples' activities, influence tiger behaviour and their use of shared spaces. These unchecked human practices may lead to increased negative tiger-human interactions and restricts tigers from exploiting the resources in multiple-use areas.


The Late Oligocene-Early Miocene Nabae Sub-belt of the Shimanto Accretionary Prism was created coevally (ca 25-15 Ma) with the opening of the Shikoku back-arc basin, located to the south of the southwest Japan convergent margin. The detailed geology of the sub-belt has been controversial and the interaction of the Shimanto accretionary prism and the opening of the Shikoku Basin has been ambiguous. New structural analysis of the sub-belt has led to a new perception of its structural framework and has significant bearing on the interpretation of the Neogene tectonics of southwest Japan.

The sub-belt is divided into three units: the Nabae Complex; the Shijujiyama Formation; and the Maruyama Intrusive Suite. The Nabae Complex comprises coherent units and melange, all of which show polyphase deformation. The first phase of deformation appears to have involved landward vergent thrusting of coherent units over the melange terrane. The second phase of deformation involved continued landward vergent shortening. The Shijujiyama Formation, composed mainly of mafic volcanics and massive sandstone, is interpreted as a slope basin deposited upon the Nabae Complex during the second phase of deformation. The youngest deformational pulse involved regional flexing and accompanying pervasive faulting. During this event, mafic rocks of the Maruyama Intrusive Suite intruded the sub-belt. Fossil evidence in the Nabae Complex and radiometric dates on the intrusive rocks indicate that this tectonic scheme was imprinted upon the sub-belt between ∼23 and ∼14 Ma.

The timing of accretion and deformation of the sub-belt coincides with the opening of the Shikoku Basin; hence, subduction and spreading operated simultaneously. Accretion of the Nabae Sub-belt was anomalous, involving landward vergent thrusting, magmatism in newly accreted strata and regional flexing. It is proposed that this complex and anomalous structural history is largely related to the subduction of the active Shikoku Basin spreading ridge and associated seamounts.


The United Nations and the Government of Sierra Leone are about to conclude a bilateral agreement establishing an ad hoc criminal court to try persons allegedly responsible for the commission of serious crimes perpetrated during the Sierra Leone civil conflict. The Special Court for Sierra Leone, as envisaged, is a mixed tribunal. It will be composed of international and Sierra Leonean personnel and have jurisdiction both over international crimes and crimes prohibited under Sierra Leonean criminal law, thus notably differing from the International Criminal Tribunals for Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. This paper analyses the dual nature of the Special Court and the major consequences it entails. The treatment of juvenile offenders was one of the crucial issues of the negotiations between the United Nations and Sierra Leone. The parties agreed that the Special Court shall have jurisdiction over persons who were 15 years of age at the time of the alleged commission of the crime. However, children between 15 and 17 years of age must be tried in accordance with the international recognised standards of juvenile justice and may not be punished with imprisonment; they should be rehabilitated and assisted to find a constructive role in society.


Selection of genotypes Selection of genotypes contrasting in tolerance to ion toxicity but with similar maturity for the field study was conducted in the phytotron. The uniform seeds of genotypes and reference wheat genotypes of known tolerance: ET8 (Al-tolerant) and ES8 (Al-intolerant), Norquay (Mn-tolerant) and Columbus (Mn-intolerant), Siete Cerros (Fe-tolerant) and BH1146 (Fe-intolerant) were used in the screening. Tolerance to each toxicity was tested separately in all the genotypes.


The invention relates to a high strength building steel bar, wherein chemical components of the high strength building steel bar comprise, by weight, 0.22-0.25% of C, 0.60-0.75% of Si, 1.50-1.60% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.03% of P, less than or equal to 0.03% of S, 0.13-0.20% of V, 140-220 ppm of [N], less than or equal to 0.0015 of RE, and the balance of iron and unavoidable impurities. The present invention discloses the high strength steel bar, wherein the yield strength is greater than 600 MPa, the tensile strength is greater than 750 MPa, and the elongation is more than 14%. The present invention discloses the rare earth micro-alloying building steel bar, wherein the performance of the steel bar is optimized in the case of increase of the [N] in the steel so as to improve the yield strength, the tensile strength, the elongation and other mechanical properties and the weldability of the product.


Cranium-encephalic traumatism is a public health problem with increasing fatal incidences and considerable social and economical damage. Since well-prepared professionals help lessen the harm, current investigation undertaken by a bibliographical review analyzes cranium-encephalic traumatism, its concepts, causes and consequences so that its application in prevention and pre-hospital medicine could be reported. Current studies details the anatomy and physiology involved in the above-mentioned traumatism. Bibliographic analysis employs secondary sources such as scientific articles, textbooks, theses and the web for data collection and analysis to provide to the health professional another source for the construction of technical and scientific knowledge. It will also maximize attendance to trauma patients so that consequences and physical disabilities could be decreased.


The centerpiece of the argument in "House of Numbers" is intoned by Brent Leung: "In late 2007, ScienceDaily reported that three prominent research teams had published papers in the Journal of Immunology, challenging the theory that the sudden loss of T-cells triggers disease and AIDS." On screen we see a headline. Seconds later, he elaborates: "If the sudden loss of T-cells in HIV positive individuals can't explain why people get disease, then there must be co-factors that cause people to get sick and die. Or, factors that have absolutely nothing to do with HIV." But Leung is lying about the research he is referencing: it was with monkeys, not people. However, someone at ScienceDaily wrote an inaccurate headline that misrepresented the content of the article and made it seem as if it referred to human AIDS. Leung carefully avoided the actual text of the article, which make its clear that the loss of T-cells in humans does trigger AIDS in people. In fact, the researchers specifically contrast what happens to SIV infected monkeys whose T cells are destroyed and do not progress to AIDS with what happens to people infected with HIV whose T cells are destroyed and therefore do progress to AIDS.


Based on the thickness of surface corrosion layer and the loss rate of compressive strength in corrosion region and according to the model of strength damage of corroded concrete,the test of three groups of concrete samples immersed in sodium sulfate solution for long time was carried out.The experimental results were fitted,and parameters were analyzed.It is revealed that the calculation results and test results are in good agreement.The results show that the concrete under sulfate environment may be divided into three regions:expansion dense region,crack development region and uncorroded region.The comprehensive corrosion coefficient may reflect relationship between concrete mix ratio and corrosion resistance,the higher the corrosion coefficient,the worse the corrosion resistance.According to the model of strength damage of corroded concrete and the computation method of corrosion resistance coefficient for compressive strength,concrete corrosion resistance under sulfate environment may be evaluated and forecasted.


Heats of mixing for the 1,2-dichloroethane-n-heptane, 1,2-dichloroethane-n-butanol and n-heptane-n-butanol systems were measured at . From the heats of mixing, partial heats of mixing were calculated, and then excess thermodynamic properties for each binary solutions were calculated. Using the partial excess Gibbs free energy, the values of isothermal vapor-liquid equilibrium were estimated. The calculated excess Gibbs free energy and isothermal vapor-liquid equilibrium data from heats of mixing were compared with those by total pressure method at . Furthermore, the isobaric vapor-liquid equilibrium data were estimated at 150mmHg and 300mmHg.


During its era of some 33 years, chemotherapy has greatly prolonged the lives of patients with Hodgkin's disease and may even cure it, but among its ravaging side effects, unbeknown to us until now, is the destruction of sexuality. It has been recognized that some alkylating agents administered year after year in chronic leukemia (busulfan, chlorambucil) may eventually cause sterility in men. But we were unaware that the pulses of drugs used in Hodgkin's disease destroyed libido, ruining personal relations and disrupting families—this in addition to causing sterility. An unbelievable amount of human misery has been silently borne by the patients of three decades. Several years ago when Ramona M. Chapman, MD, had completed her fellowship at Scripps Clinic, she sought and was granted additional research experience at St Bartholomew's Hospital in London. She hoped to continue her studies of breast cancer, intending to investigate, among other matters, the changes


It is proved that the minimum number of tests of three counterfeit coins problem is either equal to the information-theoretic bound, or exceeds it by 1. Moreover, the information-theoretic bounds are achievable for infinitely many intervals, thus Tosic results are greatly improved.


ABSTRACT The personality type of 116 finalist education students at the University of Pretoria was assessed over a two-year period, using the Jung Personality Questionnaire (JPQ). The main goal of this article is to establish the natural preferences of these students and to help them understand how their preferences relate to their career exploration. Students' type preferences and their specified career type according to typology literature are indicated. Students' typology was significantly that of EFNP (Extrovert, Feeling, Intuition, Perceiving). The significance of this typology for programme development, career counselling, channeling of students and future job satisfaction is discussed.


Research on formation mechanisms of electrochemical Ta2O5 thin films is reviewed.The emphasis is on the mechanism of leakage current in response to light for electrochemical Ta2O5 thin films.The influence factors for the formation of Ta2O5thin films,including oxygen content,impurities and crystallization are described.The mechanisms of leakage current,such as the Fowler-Nordheim(F-N) conductive mechanism,space charge limited current(SCLC),Pool-Frenkel(PF) emission and Schottky(S) emission are outlined.The theory and technology for decreasing leakage current Ta2O5 thin films are prospected.New technology applications,including Ta2O5thin film heat treatment,high polymer enhanced plastic and composite thin film are expected.


Minaeifar AA, Sheidai M, Attar F. 2015. Genetic and morphological diversity in Cousinia cylindracea (Asteraceae)populations: Identification of gene pools. Biodiversitas 16: 288-294. Cousinia is one of the largest genera in the Asteraceae family. Itcontains 600 to 700 species distributed in Southwest and Central Asia. In Iran with 270 species it is the largest genus after Astragalus,.Cousinia probably is unique in the degree of diversification of all its parts and high numbers of species in restricted area. In thisinvestigation 90 plant specimens of 10 geographical populations of Cousinia cylindracea Boiss. were studied from morphological andgenetic (ISSR) points of view. Both intra and inter-population morphological and genetic variability was observed in the studiedpopulations. ANOVA and CVA tests revealed significant morphological difference among these populations. Similarly, AMOVA testsrevealed significant molecular difference among geographical populations. Mantel test produced significant positive correlation betweengenetic distance and geographical distance of the studied populations. Networking, STRUCTURE analysis and population assignmenttest revealed low degree of gene flow among these populations. The results identified two different gene pools of C. Cylindracea in Iran,supporting Rechinger suggestion that C. cylindracea might have two varieties in Iran.Key words: Asteraceae; Cousinia; genetic variability; gene pools; ISSR; morphological diversity


A numerical model can be fit to data by minimizing a positive quadratic function of the differences between the data and their model counterparts. The rate at which algorithms for computing the best fit to data converge depends on the size of the condition number and the distribution of eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix, which contains the second derivatives of this quadratic function. The inverse of the Hessian can be identified as the covariance matrix that establishes the accuracy to which the model state is determined by the data; the reciprocals of the Hessian's eigenvalues represent the variances of linear combinations of variables determined by its eigenvectors. The aspect of the model state that are most difficult to compute are those about which the data provide the least information. A unified formalism is presented in which the model may be treated as providing either strong or weak constraints, and methods for computing and inverting the Hessian matrix are discussed. Examples are given of the uncertainties resulting from fitting an oceanographic model to several different sets of hypothetical data.


In this paper, a method using fractional signatures for small target detection is proposed based on fusion of features extracted from both the time-frequency domain and fractional domain by using principal component analysis (PCA) to get the key characteristics for redundancy reduction. The process of reducing feature dimensions is visualized by the t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) network, also the simulation based on real dataset offers better performance in small target detection under sea clutter environment.


— Clean and healthy living beharvior is beharvior based on the desire, willingness, and ability of people to help themselves in the health sector and to be able to play an active role in health activities. In terms of equitable development with a health perspective, in includes all groups of society, both group of children and groups of adults. The factor that can influence and attitudes. There are still residents in the Riau Yogyakarta Student Dormitory who do not know how to live clean and healthy and the prerequisites support a clean and healthy lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to analyse the relationship between knowledge, attitudes facilities and gender for clean and healthy living behaviour (CHLB) in Riau Yogyakarta Dormitory. This study used a cross sectional study. The population of this study were residents of the Riau Yogyakarta student dormitory. The sampling technique was carried out by total sampling (41 respondents). The research instrument was a questionnaire of knowledge, attitudes, facilities, sex, and CHLB. Data analysis using univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using Chi square test. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a relationship between knowledge and CHLB of dormitory residents p= 0,002, there was a relationship between attitudes and CHLB of dormitory residents p= 0,000, there was a relationship between facilities and CHLB of dormitory residents p= 0,000, and there was a relationship between sex and CHLB dorm residents p= 0,005. There is relationship between knowledge, attitudes, facilities, and gender with CHLB dormitory residents Riau Yogyakarta.


Signal measurements with diagnostic-quality X-rays have been performed on photosensitive diodes fabricated from hydrogenated amorphous silicon. Such diodes exhibit high light collection and conversion efficiency and excellent radiation damage resistance and thus are candidates for X-ray imaging. Results of an examination of the linearity of the output signal with respect to X-ray exposure rate and of the signal size normalized to exposure rate are reported for various X-ray energies and phosphor screens. The leakage current was small in magnitude relative to the signal current, and the signal current displayed linearity over a large range of exposure rates. Such photodiodes are being incorporated in two-dimensional arrays of addressable sensors for real-time medical imaging. >


The production technology of R6Mg-MnO2 battery and the electrolyte composition were introduced in this paper.The effects of electrolyte composition and discharge mode on the performance of Mg-MnO2 battery were analyzed.The results showed that the capacitance and the discharge time of Mg-MnO2 battery were obviously enhanced with the water content of the electrolyte increasing.


The peer relationships and the peer intercourse are the main issues in the studies of children's social development.In 1930s,the study on peer relationships began abroad,and since 1970s plentiful achievements have been acquired about the peer relationships systematically and thoroughly.This article summarizes the related results on peer relationships,providing a reference for further research.


This paper provides a model that uses preference heterogeneity to rationalize the cross-sectional and intertemporal variation in a firm's product proliferation strategies. Product-line dynamics arise from shocks to preference heterogeneity. For example, in the potato chip category I study, consumer concerns over fat levels in foods created two desirable alternatives (low fat and zero fat) for each flavor. On the supply side, firms learn about these changing tastes and adapt product lines accordingly. For tractability, the heterogeneity in preference is captured within the nesting parameter in an aggregate nested logit demand model. I find greater preference heterogeneity for smaller packages of chips and for markets with more demographic diversity. The dominant firm in the market bases its decisions primarily on past experience in the market, with the latest preference shocks representing only 30% of the influence in product-line decisions. Gross margins are increased by 5% if firms have perfect information about preference diversity. Costs for product line maintenance constitute about 2% of total revenue. Sunk costs incurred when expanding the product line are estimated to be four times the per-product fixed cost, thereby limiting the flexibility of product-line adjustment. The probability of line length adjustment grows from 70% to 90% under a smooth cost structure.


Abstract : A new form for the modal eigenvalue equations of chiral-core planar waveguides provides insight into the transition, with increasing chirality, from TE/TM (transverse electric/magnetic) modes in the archiral ease to nearly right-handed and left-handed circularly polarized modes. Dramatic variation of the polarization eccentricity with thickness and frequency is discussed.


Kingsolver has called The Poisonwood Bible "a political allegory," developing complex links between the private domestic story of the Price family and the public political narrative of U. S. intervention in the Congo. The novel shows how American exceptionalism reproduces itself in the American home, as Nathan's assumptions about chosen people shape his daughters. After Lumumba and Ruth May die, the daughters choose unsettled homes and complex, diverging paths away from their father's American legacies.


The Bekker-Wong soil-wheel interaction model has been widely adopted in the terramechanics community. This approach requires data measured with a Bevameter. The Bevameter test includes a pressure-sinkage test and a shear strength test. Although the original intention of the Bevameter method is to closely replicate the interaction between the wheel/track and the soil, tests are often done at lower vertical loads with smaller contact areas to keep tests within practical experimental limits. The traditional Bevameter shear strength test, which uses a rotational shear ring with grousers, tends to overpredict the drawbar pull of vehicles by 30 to 40% [(Chang and Baker, 1973, Shoop, 1993)]. Translational shear arguably more closely resembles the shear mechanism that occurs between a wheel/track and the soil. The literature indicates that terramechanics investigations are significantly influenced by soil condition and preparation. This study investigates (a) the influence of soil preparation on the pressure-sinkage and shear-displacement relationship of sandy soil, (b) the influence of the shearing mechanism on shear strength, and (c) the influence of shear contact area on shear strength. Experimental results indicate that soil preparation has a substantial influence on the pressure-sinkage relationship. The shearing mechanism was investigated by comparing traditional rotational shear with translational shear. The findings indicate that the shearing mechanism may explain the overprediction of shear strength typical of rotational shear tests. The shear contact area also exhibits a significant influence on the measured shear strength. Further investigation into the shear mechanism and size and shape of the shear contact area is recommended.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of organizational socialization, perceived organizational vision, and attitude toward organizational change on organizational commitment of nurses working in one hospital. Methods: This study was conducted with 441 participants in a hospital in A city, South Korea from Nov. 1 to 30 2017. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe ́ test, Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression with the SPSS/WIN 23.0 program. Results: There were significant correlations among organizational socialization, perceived organizational vision, attitude toward organizational change and organizational commitment. The factors that significantly influenced organizational commitment were organizational socialization ( β =.10 p =.015). perceived organizational vision ( β =.20, p < .001), and attitude toward organizational change ( β =.44, p < .001). These variables explained 50.0% of the variance in organizational commitment. Conclusion: The findings indicates that organizational socialization, perceived organizational vision and attitude toward organizational change affect organizational unit, operating room, anesthesia room, room, gynecology, delivery room, intensive unit, newborn unit, pediatrics.


. Non-invasive diagnosis of skin cancer is extremely necessary. In recent years, deep neural networks and transfer learning have been very popular in the diagnosis of skin diseases. The article contains selected basics of deep neural networks, their interesting applications created in recent years, allowing the classification of skin lesions from available dermatoscopic images.


Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the hydrolysis of fiber content in palm kernel meal (PKM) by sheep rumen liquor enzyme and to know the apparent digestibility coefficient of hydrolyzed PKM for catfish Pangasius hypophthalmus . The first trial examined effectivity of sheep rumen liquor enzyme to decrease crude fiber content of PKM. The added volume of sheep rumen liquor enzyme was 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mL/kg PKM and then it was incubated for 0, 12, and 24 hours. A factorial completely randomized experimental design consisted of 2 variables and triplicates were selected. The second trial was conducted to evaluate the apparent digestibility coefficients of hydrolized PKM for catfish. Apparent digestibility coefficients were determined using chromic oxide indicator added to both reference and test diets. The feed ingredients used in the trial were hydrolyzed PKM (PKMe) and unhydrolyzed PKM (PKM). Ten fishes with weighing around 20 g were used in the trial and held in 80 l tanks. Feces were collected from three replicate groups of fish using a fecal collection column attached to fish rearing tank. PKM hydrolyzed with 100 mL/kg and incubated for 24 hour showed the lowest crude fiber content (6.99%) among the treatments (P<0.05). Apparent digestibility coefficient of hydrolyzed PKM was 57.57% compared with unhydrolyzed PKM 15.31%. Based on the evaluation in those parameters it was concluded that sheep rumen liquor enzyme added to PKM was effective to decrease crude fiber content of PKM and improve apparent digestibility coefficient of PKM for catfish.


Background/Aims: The high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been regarded as an important inflammatory mediator. Previous studies showed the involvement of HMGB1 protein in the dysfunction of endothelial barrier function during acute lung injury. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. Methods: In this study, we used recombinant human HMGB1 (rhHMGB1) and HMGB1 plasmid to treat human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (HPMECs). We examined endothelial permeability by measuring TEER value and HRP flux. Western blot and real-time PCR were used to examined change of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) markers and related pathways. Immunofluorescence was used to examine localization and expression of ZO-1 and VE-cadherin. SB203580.was used to block p38 pathway. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) and RAGE siRNA were also used to antagonize the effect of HMGB1. Results: We showed that HMGB1 induced EndoMT with downregulation of ZO-1 and VE-cadherin at both mRNA and protein levels in HPMECs. We also demonstrated that HMGB1 upregulated endothelial permeability by measuring TEER value and HRP flux. Moreover, HMGB1 activated p38/GSK3β/Snail signaling pathway and treatment with p38 inhibitor SB203580 abolished its biological effects. In addition, we found that UFH was able to reverse the effect of HMGB1 on EndoMT and endothelial permeability through inhibition of p38 signaling in a dose-dependent manner. We discovered that RAGE, a membrane receptor of HMGB1, transduced p38/Snail pathway to EndoMT. RAGE siRNA inhibited the effect of HMGB1 induced EndoMT in HPMECs. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that HMGB1 induced EndoMT through RAGE receptor and p38/GSK3β/Snail pathway. While UFH antagonized HMGB1 and maintained the integrity of the endothelial barrier through p38 inhibition.


The potentiodynamic polarization curves of Fe 3 AI and Fe 3 AI + Cr intermetallics obtained in aerated pH 4 H., SO,~ acidic solution have been theoretically analyzed. The role of chromium in minimizing the hydrogen embrittlement (HEt of the intermetallic Fe3AI (resulting in its poor ductilityJ has been addressed based on the analysis. In the case of the chromium-alloyed iron aluminide, calculations indicate that hydrogen liberation does not occur on the surface due to the shift of the corrosion mixed potential to a value nobler than the electrode potential for the hydrogen evolution reaction. This shift occurs due to the induction of passivity on alloying with Cr resulting in the formation of a passive film. The minimization of HE of iron aluminides on alloying with Cr can thus be understood.


Photocurrents developed in polyethylene in the wavelength range 360–180 nm have been measured. The action spectra show features which can be related to the corresponding features in the absorption spectrum, and in addition there is electron injection from the metal electrode at a wavelength determined by the electrode material. The time dependence of the response indicates that a long-lived space charge is formed in the material.


REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE A study1to determine the incidence of tuberculous infections in medical and other university students has been continued. Our objects were to test our former results by more extended observations, to ascertain the time of onset of new lesions and to determine whether those previously found were progressive. We hoped also to obtain some light on the cause or causes of the remarkable frequency of tuberculous disease among medical students. During the past few years several interesting reports concerning pulmonary tuberculosis among medical students have been published. Fitz2stated that among 424 students at Harvard University who were given a roentgenologic examination as part of a general physical examination only 1 case of tuberculosis was dicovered. He described certain cases in medical students that are similar to instances of the disease that we have observed among medical students in Philadelphia. Soper and Wilson3


Although not a traditional approach in investigating the effects of
external influences on the biological composition of sheep, it is
proposed that mathematical modeling and optimisation will prove to
be a useful and powerful tool in this area. Research studies
investigating the effects of different factors on the biological
state of sheep are limited in their ability to monitor results in a
whole-body manner. This research aims to provide a working model
revolving around protein synthesis of sheep from the age of 12 weeks
to approximately two years for simulation and optimisation purposes.
Presented in this review is an analysis of previous work in this
area, a description of methods undertaken to refine and improve the
model, current problems being faced and the anticipated future
directions of the study.


The temperature of air flowing into an exhaust pipe of exhaust gases is controlled by a located between the exhaust pipe and a surrounding outer shell of this air gap for insulation is lockable and cooling passively and / or actively ventilated.


To reduce the impact of stormwater pollution on water resources, private land owners, FDOT and local governments have constructed stormwater treatment systems, and have implemented street sweeping protocols. To keep these treatment systems functional, sediments have to be removed and disposed of periodically. Street sweepings have to be disposed of on a daily basis. Because the sweepings and sediments can be very voluminous, the question addressed in this study is if these materials are clean enough to be reused, and if so, what reuse options are desirable and acceptable. A total of 66 samples from ponds, swales and sweepings, and 8 background samples were collected in Escambia County, FL. The samples were analyzed for particle size, 15 heavy metals, and 2 nutrients. Standard EPA and USDA laboratory methods were employed. Potential and preferred reuses for the materials were catalogued by interviewing Public Works Directors in 15 counties in the Florida Panhandle. Applicable federal and state regulations were identified with a literature and Internet search. Results show that the particle size distribution of the sediments depends on the differential erosion processes and technical limitations of street sweepers. In ponds and swales particle size is related to local land use but in street sweepings it is not. Heavy metal analysis shows that ponds in commercial areas have higher levels of heavy metals than ponds in residential areas. This difference cannot be explained by the age of the ponds or clay content and, consequently, land use can be assumed to be the major cause for the difference. In street sweepings heavy metal levels are lower in commercial areas than residential areas. This difference is related to the higher frequency of sweeping in commercial areas. Swale sediments from commercial areas are more polluted with heavy metals than swale sediments from agricultural areas. Comparison of various types of agricultural land use shows that swales near cotton fields have higher levels of heavy metals than swales near other crops and pastures. These higher levels for swales near cotton are probably related to more intense use of pesticides, herbicides, defoliants, and fertilizers. Street sweepings have lower concentrations of heavy metals than sediments from ponds or swales. These lower concentrations are related to the inability of street sweepers to collect the finest particles in street dust, to which heavy metals are known to be adsorbed. The fine particles are therefore washed into retention ponds and contribute to the higher heavy metal concentrations in ponds. A variety of potential reuses for the sediments and sweepings was identified. The most frequently mentioned reuses were general fill, parks, and road shoulders. Various federal and state regulations that directly or indirectly may apply to the reuses were identified. Although antimony, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and thallium levels in a small number of samples exceed some of the regulatory criteria in these regulations most of the samples analyzed in the present study do not exceed the criteria. Consequently, there seems to be a very good potential for the reuse of sediments from the three stormwater management systems, and for street sweepings in particular. The most appropriate reuse, according to the results of the present study, is in the construction of parks.


FOUR cases of hepatitis without jaundice and without hepatomegaly constitute the material of this report. Hepatitis without jaundice has been variously described as a "mild disease"1 and "mild non-icteric form of hepatitis,"2 running a course of six to eight weeks. A review of the literature reveals that an enlarged and tender liver is an essential finding in virus hepatitis and in the hepatitis seen in infectious mononucleosis. The cases presented below were severe illnesses running a four to six months' course. The liver was not enlarged, but instead a sharply circumscribed area of localized tenderness in the right upper quadrant . . .


In order to expedite economy transition of resource dry up city,the article proceeds from reality of the industrial structure of Fuxin,has analyzed the basic state of the industrial structure of Fuxin of 1987-2003 year,have set up the econometric model of the industrial structure of Fuxin in relevant data utilizing over these 15 years,is it subdivide further to go on to model,go on quantitative analysis each industry and his branch trade to contribution,Fuxin of economic growth,and has proposed developing modern agriculture in a more cost-effective manner according to the result of analysis,has transformed and promoted the traditional industry with the new and high technology;Quickening the steps of adjusting and optimizing the structure of industry,energetically development is not the coal industry and industry of substituting;Should pay attention to the inside structural adjustment,substitute such some policy suggestions as the traditional service trade,etc.with modern service technology in development of the tertiary industry.


Many difficulties exist as PIV technique is applied in a large towing tank, such as laser sheet under water illumination, particle image capture, display of complicated ship flow, measurement of large area of flow field, suitable seeding particles selection, vibration of under water supporting strut, etc. It is quite a technical challenge to utilize PIV technique in a large towing tank. The paper introduces the development of PIV technique and its application in towing tanks in recent ten years. Two kinds of PIV in towing tanks, i.e., the stationary PIV and the towing PIV are presented, and each one's own advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. Three application examples are given. The first is the measurement of the velocity and vorticity distribution around an inclined 6∶1 prolate spheroid, in which the objective is to determine the effects of boundary lay tripping, incidence angle and Reynolds number on the flow structure. The second is the measurement of wake flow around an under water revolution body, among which there are two different junction forms of the stern appendages. The results indicate the fine difference of flow structure at the nominal wake plane could be discerned, which supplies important information to guide the design of appendages and the propeller. The third is the PIV measurements and free surface visualization around a ship model focused on the flow within the liquid sheet forming around the bow, the origin of the bow wave, variation in the structure of this wave at different distances from the model and the flow near the body downstream of the wave. The uncertainty assessment is done for IIHR towing tank PIV measurement system. Quantitative comparisons with 5 hole pitot data shows that PIV uncertainties are about 1% lower than those for 5 hole pitot.


The self‐generated magnetic field in laser‐plasma interactions is allowed to be sufficiently strong so that the cyclotron frequency exceeds the electron‐ion collision frequency. Kinetic theory is applied to determine the ponderomotive terms in the transport coefficients of current flow, heat flow, and electron pressure tensor in a plasma with Z≳≳1. In particular, perpendicular to the magnetic field and parallel to the gradient, a B−10 dependence can occur in the current and heat flow. The source terms in the equation for the self‐generated magnetic fields are derived, and several terms differ from those of a weak magnetic field. The moment relations with ponderomotive contributions are given including the contribution to the collisional momentum transfer. The time‐averaged isotropic part of the electron velocity distribution function is allowed to have an arbitrary form.


PURPOSE: To produce a thermoplastic composition by which a crack-free and nonporous metal molding can be obtained by incorporating a sinterable powdered metal, a polyoxymethylene homopolymer, a binder which is uniformly soluble in the homopolymer and a dispersant in each specified ratio. CONSTITUTION: This thermoplastic composition for producing a metallic molding is composed of (A) 40-65 vol.% of a sinterable powdered metal (Fe, Ni, or the like) or powdered metal alloy (Al alloy containing Cu, or the like) or a mixture thereof, (B) 35-60 vol.% of a mixture, as a binder, of (B1) 85-100 wt.% polyoxymethylene homopolymer or copolymer (melting point: about 150 deg.C, molecular weight: about 5,000-150,000) and (B2) 0-15 wt.% polymer(aliphatic polyurethane, polyacrylate, or the like) which is uniformly soluble in (B1) or dispersible in (B1) as fine particles having an average particle size less than 1 μm, and (C) 0-5 vol.% dispersant poly(ethylene oxide) oligomer having an average molecular weight of 200-600}.


Since the 1970s feminism has signi- fied one of the most productive critical reconsi- derations of modern political thought legacy. This article examines the questioning of modern notions of political freedom and political com- munity that Linda Zerilli has undertaken in her reading of Hannah Arendt and Ludwig Witt- genstein. On this basis and on criticism of se- xual dimorphism, the article shows the need to rethink the relationship between theory and pra- xis beyond its modern conception, a feature pre- sent in much of contemporary feminist theory.


Practice base of professional moral education of university is the important constituent of practice base of moral education of university. Practice base of professional moral education of university is a training place of undergraduate professional ideal、professional concept、professional attitude、professional discipline、professional style、professional value which be built by the nation、all levels of local government or university according as the moral education goal of university and the undergraduate body and mind law of development, specially the law of moral forms. The construction of practice base of professional moral education of university is a important action to enhance the actual effect of the professional moral education for medico. The construction of practice base of professional moral education of university ought to follow the policy of"being educated、enhancing ability、contributing" and the principle of "benefiting each other、adjust measures to local conditions and economy、understanding each other and integrating through free will". Finally the article discuss the pattern of the construction of practice base of professional moral education of university for medico and put forward three kind of patterns of the construction of practice base of professional moral education of universityaccording to the actual fact of the college.


In China semi-rigid base course material accounts for 95% of subbase material in various grade highwayu at present.Though with the advantage of high strength plate and good freezing resistance,semi-rigid asphalt road is easy to crack because of shrink and low-temperature crack.Many measures have been taken including increasing the thickness of asphalt surface,using link structure or stress-absorbing interlayer and so on.But the focus of these measures are different and the function mechanisms are various. 3-D Finite Element Modeling is used to model and analyze the typical road structure.Continuity and completely smooth state are considered.Under least favorable load condition,the influence of asphalt surface thickness on stress state of bottom of pavement is analyzed.Analysis shows that solely incerease the thickness of pavement is not the effective measure to postpone the reflective crack.The result also indicates the importance of adhesive property between layers.Though analysis also shows the rational thickness and modulus of stress-absorbing interlayer,and the adhesive strength is emphasized.


Objective:To investigate the effect of Bio-wave regulation factor(BRF) on IL-6 expression in the brain tissues of middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) rats.Methods:A total of 90 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation group、normal saline group and BRF treatment group.The model was established with the suture-occuluded method,1.25 % BRF solution(1 ml/100 g) and normal saline(1 ml/100 g) were administrated intraperitoneally respectively,one hour then once a day after operation.Four different methods were used for assessing neurological deficit score(NDS),Brain water content was measured by the wet-dry method,pathology changes was observed by HE dyeing,immunohistochemistry staining was used to detecting the expression of IL-6 in brain.Results:The brain water content both in normal saline group and BRF treatment group increased obviously at 24 h,reached its peak at 48 h,and continued to 72 h,decreased remarkably at 7 d.Compared with the sham operation group,there was significant difference at all the time points.Excepet the sham operation group,the amounts of IL-6 positive cells increased at 6 h,with the peak at 48 h,and continued to 7 d,as well as the inflammatory cell infiltration in the infarction regions.The brain water content and behavior scores decreased with the BRF administration.The significant attenuation of brain edema was at 48 h.The expression of IL-6 was inhibited,significantly at 48 h、72 h.Conclusion:The results suggest that BRF can produce neuroprotective effects on the infarction damage by attenuating the brain edema and inhibiting the expression of IL-6.


This market research report analyzed the published literature, the size of the deaf/severely hard-of-hearing population, factors that affect demand for closed-captioned television decoders, and the Supply of decoders. The analysis found that the number of hearing-impaired people in the United States is between 16 and 21 million; hearing impairment is more prevalent with older and lower income people. TYIl size of the market for decoders is considered to be approximately one million. Sales of decoders, about 208,000 from 1980 through 1983, were affected by the following factors: level of consumer knowledge, reliance on residaal hearing and lipreading, cost, and influence of family members. The report concluded that various actions could influence decoder purchase and possibly expand the market for decoders, such as expanding the knowledge of decoders through a public awareness campaign and having the National Captioning Institute incorporate innovations in decoder technology. Various government agencies are encouraged to undertake additional research on degree of hearing loss and on the use of closed-captioned decoders as instructional tools for the hearing impaired, learning disabled, people with limited English speaking ar;.,11ty, and the adult beginning reader. (JDD) *****************************************************************$***** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***************************************k*******************************


Introduction: The study of academic and student affairs administration
documentation of Panti Rapih Nursing Academy Yogyakarta in 1993-2009
showed that almost every year there were students who pregnant
because of the behavior of premarital sexual relations. Lecturers have an
important role in preventing the occurrence of premarital sexual behavior
among college students through health education.
Objective: To measure the effect of health education in preventing
student behavior of premarital sexual relations toward the increasing
knowledge, attitudes and communication skills of supervisor academic
lecturers and non supervisor academic lecturers.
Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was comparison group
pretest-posttest nonequivalent. The subject of the research were 8
supervisor academic lecturers and 6 non supervisor academic lecturers
who were divided into experimental group and control group. The data
collection used questionnaires in order to measure knowledge, attitudes
and communication skills. Statistical analysis used paired t-test statistical
test and independent t-test statistical test with significance level of p <
0.05.
Results: The characteristics of the experimental group and control group
have equality before the intervention. After the intervention there was
significance increasing knowledge and communication skills of
supervisor academic lecturers. However there was not significant
differences of knowledge, attitudes and communications skills among
supervisor academic lecturers compare to non supervisor academic
lecturers.
Conclusion: Health education increased knowledge and communication
skills for supervisor academic lecturers but it did not happen to non
supervisor academic lecturers.


"Report on the application of the agreement"* At the time of Council's approval of the 1991 Agreement between the European Communities and the Government of the United States of America on the…


Mass Casualty Events (MCE) have an extraordinary impact on an entire community. The impact on victims' families, survivors, and community members is often the subject of significant attention; however, rarely does the impact on first responders (law enforcement officers, firefighters, dispatchers, crime scene investigators/photographers, etc.) garner the same coverage. Additionally, agencies can quickly become overwhelmed by the magnitude of the response causing them to overlook the psychological impact of these incidents on their personnel. Serving as specialists in police and public safety psychology, crisis intervention, and trauma recovery, the authors reflect on lessons learned from their response to multiple MCEs, including the 1999 Columbine High School shooting and the 2012 Aurora Century 16 Theater shooting, and offer recommendations to agencies regarding crisis response and trauma recovery.


To the Editor: Advancing age is commonly associated with greater likelihood of sleep disturbances and cognitive impairment. Many studies show strong associations between sleep quality and cognition in older adults with dementia and with mild cognitive impairment. Few studies examined sleep quality in older community-dwelling people with only slightly impaired cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score ≥25). Sleep disturbances in older adults may be less a function of age per se and more a function of other factors accompanying aging. A community-based geriatric assessment of elderly adults was performed to investigate whether there were significant associations between mild cognitive decline and poor sleep quality indicators in older citizens in a rural Japanese town. The study population consisted of 691 individuals aged 75 to 102 (male:female 237:454, mean age 81.0 4.6) living in a rural Japanese town (Tosa, Kochi prefecture). Participants had scores of 25 or above on the MMSE (range 0–30). They were classified into three classes according to MMSE score (29–30, n = 282, aged 80.5 4.2; 27–28, n = 219, aged 81.5 4.6; 25–26, n = 190, aged 81.0 4.9; Table 1). Hasegawa Dementia Rating Scale-Revised (range 0–30) were 28.5 2.0, 27.1 2.2 and 26.2 2.5, respectively, for each MMSE group, and Frontal Assessment Battery (range 0–18) scores were 13.5 2.4, 12.5 2.7 and 11.7 2.4 for each MMSE group, respectively. Scores were lower with lower MMSE score. A self-reported questionnaire assessed sleep characteristics. Average total sleep time was 7.99 1.22 hours, time of getting-up was 5:59 0:47, and time of going to bed was 21:58 1:07. Feeling of poor-quality sleep (18.3%), use of sleep medication (28.7%), nocturnal waking for urination (79.4%; ≥2 times 16.3%), trouble falling asleep after nocturnal waking (36.3%), waking too early (29.2%), and waking not rested (44.6%) were reported. Sleep complaints (feeling of poor-quality sleep, use of sleep medication, difficulty maintaining sleep, waking too early, waking not rested, daytime napping) were not statistically significantly associated with cognition. Elderly adults with lower MMSE scores slept longer (7.86, 7.97, and 8.22 hours, respectively; P = .008) and had more-frequent episodes of nocturia (1.65, 1.83, and 2.01 times, respectively; P = .006), in keeping with results from previous studies. The incidence of restless legs syndrome, sleep paralysis, sleep talking, and teeth-grinding were not statistically significantly different between the three MMSE groups, but fewer subjects with lower MMSE scores reported leg cramps (39.9%, 34.7%, and 30.4%, respectively; P = .03) and snoring (38.2%, 40.4%, and 29.6%, respectively; P = .06). Several clinical signs were reported during sleep: waking from dry mouth (12.9%), nocturnal palpitation (2.2%), vague chest anginal discomfort (1.9%), and heartburn (5.1%). Only awakening from vague chest discomfort was less frequent in participants with higher MMSE scores (0.4%, 3.2%, and 2.7%, respectively; P = .04). Previous studies showed an association between depressive mood and subjective quality of life (QOL), but in this investigation, there were no differences in


Technique: We present a method to determine the pressure at which significant cloud opacity is present between 2 and 6 bars on Jupiter. We use (a) the strength of a Fraunhofer absorption line in a zone to determine the ratio of reflected sunlight to thermal emission, and (b) pressure-broadened line profiles of deuterated methane (CH3D) at 4.66 μm to determine the location of clouds. We use radiative transfer models to constrain the altitude region of both the solar and thermal components of Jupiter's 5 μm spectrum. Results: For nearly all latitudes on Jupiter the thermal component is large enough to constrain the deep cloud structure even when upper clouds are present. We find that hot spots, belts, and high latitudes have broader line profiles than do zones. Radiative transfer models show that hot spots in the North Equatorial Belt and South Equatorial Belt (SEB) typically do not have opaque clouds at pressures greater than 2 bars. The South Tropical Zone (STZ) at 32 ° ?> S has an opaque cloud top between 4 and 5 bars. From thermochemical models this must be a water cloud. We measured the variation of the equivalent width of CH3D with latitude for comparison with Jupiter's belt-zone structure. We also constrained the vertical profile of H2O in an SEB hot spot and in the STZ. The hot spot is very dry for P < 4.5 bars and then follows the H2O profile observed by the Galileo Probe. The STZ has a saturated H2O profile above its cloud top between 4 and 5 bars.


In the recording medium, a reflection / diffraction and presented a specific light beam portion intensity distribution according to the substrate thickness variation of the light beam passed through the objective recording medium changes are largely generated relatively separated from the remaining light beam portion for detecting by dividing into a plurality of light beam portion characterized in that it comprises a spherical aberration detection circuit calculates a plurality of detection signals for a particular light beam portion output from the detection means for detecting a spherical aberration due to a substrate thickness variation of the recording medium-light splitting to-detecting means, light splitting the optical pickup apparatus is disclosed. With the disclosed optical pickup device it can accurately detect a spherical aberration caused by a substrate thickness variation of the recording medium without the influence of defocusing. Further, when further comprising a spherical aberration correcting element, and drives the spherical aberration correcting element to the detected spherical aberration signal can correct the spherical aberration caused by a substrate thickness variation.


A teaching jig apparatus and a method thereof, a substrate transfer system with the teaching jig apparatus and a teaching method thereof are provided to perform exactly quickly a teaching process and to prevent the accidents of processing due to a substrate transfer process by using a plurality of sensors. A teaching jig apparatus includes a body, a reflection type sensor, an image sensor, and at least one pressure sensor. The body(122) is connected to a robot arm. The body has an opening at a center portion. The reflection type sensor(128) is installed on the body in order to detect roughly a center position of the robot arm. The image sensor(124) is installed at the center portion of the body in order to photograph a lower center portion of the body and obtain an image from a wafer loading table. The pressure sensor(126) is installed on a lower surface of the body in order to contact the table.


This paper discuss the operational efficiency of Perishable Product Supply Chain (PPSC) in context of Petri Net (PN) modeling technique. The operational efficiency is classified into: inventory management, logistics, information sharing and supply chain risk among different stages of supply chain with coordination and monitoring through traceability and PPSC risk management. This classification of operational efficiency will allow the industrial practitioners and academicians to decide on the suitable petri net technique for the problem identified. This paper discuss the research directions of application of Petri Net in PPSC (operational efficiency). In addition, paper provides future directions for operational efficiency in PPSC and are as follows: 1) modelling PPSC with uncertainty, 2) reducing complexity in PPSC, 3) integration of PN modelling with emerging technology, 4) PN involvement in information flow and traceability and 5) application of PN modelling in decision making.


An implementation of neonatal cry classification on an embedded platform is presented in this paper. It was perceived that diagnosis of the cause of human baby cry can be aided with an electronic device which can help parents and doctors comfort their baby. The present work gives detail of such a mobile device which runs on Android operating system and includes an Android application for neonatal cry classification. The proposed Android application features automatic detection of neonatal cry, classification of the cry in four classes ("Hunger", "Pain", "Wet Diaper" and "Others"), displaying the cause of cry and taking user feedback on each cry. The objective of the device has been tested with an accuracy of around 56% and a confusion matrix on generated test result has been discussed in the results section.


BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to investigate the related influencing factors of neuropathic pain (NP) in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).

METHODS
Patients diagnosed with SCI between January 2016 and December 2019 in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, were screened for NP by using the Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) questionnaire. A total of 133 patients diagnosed with SCI with NP were finally included in the study. We collected the patients' basic information, including gender, age, body mass index (BMI), disease course, injury segment, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade, occupation, educational level, whether painkillers were used, stability of economic support, and pain level. Univariate and multiple ordered logistic regression analyses were used to examine the influencing factors of NP in the patients with SCI.

RESULTS
The chi-square test revealed that disease course, injury level, severity of SCI (ASIA classification), stable economic support during hospitalization, and the use of painkillers had statistical significance (p < .01). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the influencing factors of NP. ASIA grade, stable economic support, and use of painkillers were independent influencing factors of NP in patients with SCI, among which injury severity was the independent risk factor (odds ratio [OR] > 1). Stable economic support and painkiller use were protective factors (OR < 1).

CONCLUSIONS
In this study, we found no significant correlation between NP after SCI and sex, age, BMI, disease course, injury level, and occupation. However, the injury severity was an independent risk factor, and stable economic support and painkiller use were protective factors.


In this paper, we examine 22 benchmark stock market indices of developed and emerging countries during the period 31 December 1999-26 February 2010. We study stock market behaviour focusing on the persistence of market volatility, the leverage effect, structural breaks or shocks, and market integration and efficiency. The paper finds that most markets in the two groups behaved similarly in the GFC period. In comparison to the pre-GFC period, markets became efficient and many experienced a fall in the persistence of their volatility. The leverage effect, on the other hand, intensified during the GFC. The dates associated with the structural breaks in stock price indices are found to be same for all countries on two occasions - February 2007 and August 2008. This is an indication that market reactions were synchronised. This is unique to the GFC, as our pre-GFC analysis, which also captures the 2002 market downturns, fails to show similar synchronous behaviour.


Summary Studies on the biological activity of synthetic folinic acid show that it may replace pteroylglutamic acid in the diet of the chick.


Purpose This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of breast-conserving operation plus radiotherapy. Methods Fifty-two cases were treated with breast-conserving surgery and radiotherapy. Among them, 38 cases were in stage Ⅰ and 14 cases in stage Ⅱ. Tangential field irradiation was used with dose of 50 Gy. Tumor bed was irradiated additional 1 125 cGy with electron beam. Supraclavicular field irradiation was also used with dose of 52 Gy. Results The survival rate after breast-conserving therapy was 100%. All acute radiation side-effects were relieved in a short time. One case developped radiation induced pneumonitis. The cosmetic effects were satisfactory for 96.15% of all patients. Conclusions In early stage of breast cancer, the survival rate and cosmetic effects of breast-conserving therapy were satisfactory,while the incidences of radiation side-effects were low. Thus for legible early stage breast cancer breast-conserving therapy should be the best choice.


Objective To analyze the change of scatter signal of hepatic parenchyma of children infected with schistosome and to deduce the degree of hepatic fibrosis by using integrated backscatter (IBS). Methods We analyzed the IBS of 14 normal children and 17 children who were infected with Schistosome and compared the IBS of the two group on computer. Results We compared the value of IBS from the sample of normal hepatic parenchyma with that from hepatic parenchyma infected with schistosome, the value of normal group was higher than that of infected group. The value of IBS in hepatic fibrosis nodes was much higher than the other parts. Conclusion The value of IBS can reflect the pathological changes of hepatic parenchyma of children inflected with schistosome and predict the degree of hepatic fibrosis.