ABSTRACT The present study proposes reliability-based approach for assessing the performance of shallow foundation placed in the vicinity of an existing buried flexible pipe or utility tunnel. Performance function for the reliability analysis is defined in terms of % bearing capacity loss in the load carrying capacity of the shallow foundation due to the presence of buried flexible pipe or utility tunnel, and, allowable bearing capacity loss in load carrying capacity that can be tolerated. For the reliability analysis, an explicit functional relationship between input variables, such as geotechnical parameters of in situ soil as well as material properties of pipe, and, output response, i.e. % bearing capacity loss in load carrying capacity of foundation soil is needed. Using concept of response surface methodology (RSM) combined with the results of the numerical analysis; such an explicit functional relationship is easily established. Thereafter, reliability analysis can be performed, conveniently, using standard First Order Second Moment (FOSM) approach and performance of the foundation soil system with buried flexible pipe, present in the vicinity, can be assessed in terms of an index, popularly known as 'reliability index (β)'.


Studiesofallergicdiseases,inparticularasthma,rhinitisand urticaria, have suggested that histamine, a biogenicamine synthesized and stored mainly in mast cells andbasophils, plays a prominent role in the pathophysiol-ogy of these diseases (1–3). Several immunologic andnonimmunologic stimuli, such as allergen, immunoglo-bulin (Ig)E, cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1, IL-3, IL-8,GM-CSF), substance P, complement C3a and C5a,platelet-activating factor (PAF), hyperosmolarity, phy-sical stimuli (vibration, heat, cold), etc., induce therelease of histamine from mast cells and basophils,following which it diffuses rapidly into the surroundingtissues and exerts its effects, before being metabolismand excreted in the urine (4).In experimental asthma induced by allergen orexercise challenge, it has been demonstrated that thelevels of histamine are increased in the circulation andimplicated in bronchoconstriction (5–7). Studies ofsymptomatic asthmatics have also demonstrated thathistamine levels are significantly increased in thebronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of these individuals,compared with histamine levels in BAL of asympto-matic asthmatics (8,9). Similarly, allergen challenge inpatients with allergic rhinitis significantly increases thelevels of histamine in nasal secretions of theseindividuals (10–12), implicating a role for this mediatorin the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis. Indeed, nasalchallenge with histamine has been shown to inducenasal blockage, sneezing and rhinorrhoea (13,14), likelyas a result of sensory nerve stimulation in the nasalmucosa (15). In patients with cold urticaria, challengewith ice-water leads to a rapid rise in plasma histamineconcentration within 2 min, which peaks at 5 min andreturns to baseline values by 15–30 min (16).Investigations of patients with chronic urticaria havealso indicated that histamine is a central mediator inthis allergic condition, with increased levels detectedboth in the lesions and normal skin of patients withurticaria, compared with skin of healthy individuals(17–19). Furthermore, the responsiveness of skin tohistamine is also increased in patients with urticaria(19).Apart from the classical activities of histamine, thereis an increasing body of evidence that histamine alsoelicits pro-inflammatory and immune-modulatoryeffects, whichmight be of pathophysiological relevance.The findings of histamine receptors expressed on avarietyof immuneandnonimmunecellssuggesta muchwider and more critical role of this mediator in allergicdisease, than is considered presently. Consequently, it islikely that antihistamines have a wider impact onallergic inflammation, and that effects on immune cellswhich have been linked to nonreceptor mediatedpathways so far, may actually be receptor-dependent.This review aims to give an overview on a currentlyemerging new understanding of the role of histamine inallergic disease.


In Southeast Asia, the rapidly expanding oil palm monoculture and associated destruction of rainforests and peatlands have been in the spotlight for their prominent roles in greenhouse gas (GHG) emission and biodiversity loss. Industrial oil palm plantations have achieved the highest yield per hectare of oil production among major crops, providing substantial economic benefits and agricultural commodities such as biofuels, cosmetics and edible oil. A thorough quantification of the carbon (C) balance of oil palm plantations and the long-term and large-scale forest – oil palm replacement effects is necessary, however, still lacking, for understanding the climatic impacts of tropical land use change (LUC). This study presents a complete modeling of the C dynamics of oil palm plantations throughout development stages (from planting to rotation) and the associated nitrogen (N), water and energy exchanges between oil palms, soil and the atmosphere at ecosystem scale with a land surface modeling approach. A new modeling scheme for palm species (named CLM-palm) has been developed within the Community Land Model framework. CLM-Palm incorporates the agricultural model capacity for simulating the growth and yield of oil palm with unique phenology and allocation functions and a suit of new parameterizations on biogeophysics (e.g. radiative transfer and evapotranspiration (ET)) and on biogeochemistry (e.g. C and N dynamics, fertilization effects). An application employing these model developments exemplifies how LUC in Indonesia, specifically rainforests conversion to oil palm plantations, affects C sequestration and water and energy cycling of tropical lands. With reference to eddy covariance flux measurements, sap flow estimates and remote sensing-derived surface variables, the simulation results show clear distinctions between young and mature oil palm plantations and old-growth rainforest in C fluxes (e.g. gross primary production (GPP) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE)) and biophysical properties (e.g. ET, surface albedo and temperature). An oil palm plantation can quickly catch up and surpass the C assimilation and water use rates of a rainforest through growth development, but the plantation has a general warmer ground surface than the forested site even after maturity. A transient simulation spanning two rotation periods (each 25 years) showed that long-term oil palm cultivation is only able to restore about a half of the original C storage capacity of the forested site before clear-cut. More than 50% of the assimilated C by the oil palm plantation is not retained on the site but instead exported as oil products which are consumed by humans and reverted to CO2 soon. Soil C stock declines slowly and gradually due to limited litter return in the managed plantation. Overall, rainforest to oil palm conversion reduces long-term C stocks and C sequestration capacity and has potential warming effects on the land surface at the site scale, despite the fast growth and high C assimilation rate of the heavily fertilized plantation. (Texte integral)


This paper summarizes the research results of relation ships between the wheat stripe rust in winter-reproductive and climatic environmental conditions,and analyzes Zitong County which is often prone area in the basin.On this basis,this paper divides respectively the wheat stripe rust meteorological condition into three class indexes,such as more suitable class,suitable class and unsuitable class in the winter.The wheat stripe rust agricultural climate risk model is developed by using risk analysis and hierarchical analysis methods.Two environmental factors are considered in risk model,including the occurrence frequency of meteorological condition which is more suitable and suitable for the wheat stripe rust development and the number of host(for example,the plant proportion).Subsequently,the risk degree and the risk classes are determined clearly.Then the risk indexes are divided into three grades: the high,the medium and the low.The Agricultural climate risk regionalization of wheat stripe rust in winter-reproductive in Sichuan is studied,by using the GIS techniques.The results indicate that platean of the west of Sichuan plateau and the mountain of southwest of Sichuan are a low-risk or totally safe areas.In addition,Sichuan basin is divided into medium or high risk area.Among them,high-risk areas are mainly concentrated in the central region of the basin.


The invention discloses a big power double-cylinder double-exhaust steam turbine, which comprises a front bearing box, a medium and high pressure cylinder, a middle bearing box, a low pressure cylinder and a rear bearing box. A steam vent for a medium pressure cylinder of the medium and high pressure cylinder communicates with a steam inlet of the low pressure cylinder via a pipeline; the wall for the low pressure cylinder is configured with three-layer structure, which comprises a steam inlet chamber, an internal cylinder and an external cylinder from the inside to the outside; a low pressure external cylinder is provided with a longitudinal midsplits surface and a horizontal midsplit surface; a flange for the midsplit surface is connected via a bolt; the flange for the low pressure cylinder is provided with a steam flowing and heating passage; a waveform section is positioned in a steam sealing body at the axle end of the low pressure cylinder; the bearing box for a low pressure rotor is directly positioned on a base. Therefore, this invention, which develops a big power machine unit with two cylinders, can reach a maximal capacity of 1000 MW at present.


In this paper, the efficient manipulation of thematic maps that contain multiple non-overlapping features is investigated. New methods based on Linear quadtrees are proposed and their performance is compared to that of similar structures. More specifically, window queries involving multiple features are described and tested having the number of disk accesses as a performance measure. Experimentally, it is shown that the proposed methods have a stable behavior and, in general, outperform the previous structures with respect to time and space complexity.


We describe three development climax of the modern paddyfield aquaculture in our country,from which we acquired some illuminations.On this basis we put forward the main restrictions and some suggestions on the further development of the paddyfield aquaculture in our country.


The interactions of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) in predicting social and emotional (SE) skills was examined for 81,950 6th–8th graders. At low levels of SES, White students tended to have the lower SE scores. However, as SES increased, they tended to have higher scores relative to minority groups. Across SES levels, Asian students showed higher Academic Discipline and Self-Regulation scores. The SES and SE skill relationship was less pronounced for underserved minority groups. This may be among the first reports where a measure of SE skills has documented different relationships with SES as a function of race/ethnicity. Possible explanations for these findings, as well as implications for designing culturally responsive programs that focus on SE skills, are discussed.


Intended for those wishing to improve their writing and communication skills, this work includes chapters on language bias, connotative meaning, paragraph writing and research. It focuses on developing three kinds of writing: explorative, analytical and argumentative.


The removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions using activated calcium silicate was investigated.The influence of calcine temperature,activated calcium silicate dosage,pH of aqueous solutions and adsorptive time on treatment efficiency were discussed.The results show that the removal rate of P(Ⅴ)can reach 99.48% when adsorption was balance under pH of aqueous solution is 8,dosage of activated calcium silicate is 6g/L,absorptive time is 3hours.The fitting results show that the adsorption process could be described by Freundlich isotherm.


This work discusses a data‐driven approach to controller parameter tuning based on Bayesian optimization. In particular, we propose to design the prior mean function based on a model of the plant. By encoding the information on the model, the optimization needs a much fewer iterations than standard approaches. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated with a practical experiment.


In the production of 1, 4-butanediol from acetylene, the water/n-propanol/n-butanol ternary system is commonly existed in its liquid waste. In order to recover them by separating process, the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of the system is important. However, only limited VLE data of the above ternary system in a very narrow temperature range can be found nowadays in the literatures. In this study, the VLE data of the water/n-propanol/n-butanol ternary system were measured at 99.2kPa with the initial volume ratio between n-propanol and n-butanol is 1/4, 3/7, 2/3, 1/1 and 3/2, respectively, and the temperature is up to the vapor stratification point. Moreover, the measured VLE data was correlated by using an activity coefficient model established from the extended UNIQUAC equation, in which the binary interaction energy parameters between the three components were obtained through a simplex fitting method. The results show that, using the same interaction energy parameters obtained, the established model can correlate both the experimental data and the literature data well. It demonstrates that the experimental data are very consistent with the literature data, and the extended UNIQUAC model is reliable for the prediction of the VLE data of the water/n-propanol/n-butanol ternary system.


The inner ear macular sensory epithelia of the Daubenton's bat were examined quantitatively to estimate the area and total number of hair cells. Ultrastructural examination of the sensory epithelium reveals two main types of hair cells: the chalice‐innervated hair cell and the bouton‐innervated hair cell. The existence of an intermediate type, with a nerve ending covering the lateral side of the hair cell, indicates that the chalice‐innervated hair cells are derived from bouton‐innervated hair cells. Thus, at least a part of the bouton‐innervated hair cells forms a transitional stage. A number of immature as well as apoptotic hair cells were observed. It is suggested that a continuous production of new hair cells takes place in mature individuals, probably based on transdifferentiation of supporting cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 438:433–444, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Thecapacity ofmicrotubules todisassemble invitro isprofoundly affected byaprotein factor designated STOP(stable tubule onlypolypeptide). Herewereport the isolation ofSTOPprotein andconfirm that its activity is, as predicted, highly substoichiometric tothetubulin inmicrotu- bules. Theisolation ofthe145-kDa STOP(STOP145) protein hasbeeneffected fromisolated cold-stable microtubules bytwo column steps: DEAEion-exchange andacalmodulin affinity column. Toconfirm theprotein's activity wehaveproduced an antibody against STOP145 andhaveusedtheantibody to specifically removetheprotein andtheactivity using an antibody-linked affinity column. Weconclude that theSTOP14S protein accounts fortheobserved invitro stabilization of microtubules. Thediverse functions that microtubules perform incells often require theprecise control ofassembly equilibrium andof polymer stability (1). Theseproperties areinvested inthe polymer, webelieve, byspecialized proteins that selectively associate withmicrotubules forspecific purposes. Among these proteins, STOP(stable tubule only polypeptide) isone ofparticular interest, since itdisplays stabilizing andmotility behavior onthepolymer. STOPinduces stability inthepolymer bypreventing the endwise dissociation ofsubunits. Microtubules inthepres- enceofSTOPareindefinitely stable tolowtemperature, to millimolar calcium, ortoassembly-inhibiting drugs. STOP protein isremarkably potent ineffect; wehaveinferred previously that itinduced polymer stability atconcentrations highly substoichiometric


Objective To investigate the expression and the clinical significance of Survivin and cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease (Caspase)-3 in human sacral chordoma tissues.Methods The expression of Survivin and Caspase-3 was detected in 30 cases of human sacral chordoma tissues and 10 normal notochord tissues by using streptavidin biotin peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemistry.Results The positive expression rate of Survivin in chordoma was 70.0%,while none of 10 cases in the normal notochord tissues expressed Survivin,with significant difference between two groups (P <0.05).The positive rate of Survivin was correlated significantly with tumor invasion of the surrounding muscle and recurrence (P < 0.05).The positive expression rate of Caspase-3 was significantly lower in chordoma (33.3%) than that in normal notochord tissues (90.0%),with significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05).The positive rate of Caspase-3 was correlated significantly with tumor invasion of the surrounding muscle and recurrence (P < 0.05).The expression of Survivin and VEGF was correlated negatively with each other (r =-0.463,P < 0.05).Conclusion The high expression of Survivin in sacral chordoma,possibly through inhibition of Caspase-3 activity,may prevent apoptosis and promote tumor cell proliferation,which may play a significant role in cancer development,progression and prognosis.

Key words:
Sacrum; Chordoma; Survivin; Caspase-3


Network performance is one of the most important entities in today's long-distance networks. TCP congestion control mechanisms play an important role in these networks. Most of the current TCP congestion control mechanisms which are also known as TCP variants, detect congestion and slow down the packets transmission to avoid further congestion in the network. In this paper, three classes of TCP variants are discussed, and performance of six famous TCP variants; FACK [1] , HishSpeed [2], Linux [3], Vegas [4], Full TCP and NewReno [5] are analyzed by using Network Simulator-2. Simulation results proved that better average throughput is achieved by using FACK TCP and packets dropped percentage is 0% using Vegas TCP.


Machine learning has made a drastic impact in today's world. Developments in machine learning are happening every day at an exponential rate. However, there are still some fields that are comparatively untouched by its impact. Areas like the medical and sports sector that could benefit immensely by utilizing the advancements in Machine Learning and still are lagging solely because of one crucial reason: unavailability of data. The unavailability of data results in scarcity of data used for training the machine learning models, which directly affects the accuracy of the models, making them less reliable for real-time usage. To counter this roadblock, this paper is proposing a solution to generating synthetic data in this paper. As the name suggests, a synthetic dataset is a repository of data that is generated programmatically. So, it is not collected by any real-life survey or experiment. It's the primary purpose; therefore, it is to be flexible and rich enough to help a Machine Learning practitioner conduct fascinating experiments with various classification, regression, and clustering algorithms. Thus, using this approach, iterative regression analysis was applied to generate synthetic data using a data set that was used in the field of sports. The generated data was then used along with the original dataset to train a new model that brought about a significant increase in the accuracy of the model to predict features.


With unprecedented solar light active ZnWO4/mixed-phased TiO2 nanofibers as a model nanostructure, we showed that by simply allowing as-spun organic–inorganic hybrid samples to undergo thermal relaxation in combination with fiberglass confined calcination, as-desired and free-standing metal oxide nanofibrous membranes could be achieved for the first time. Under an electron microscope, the resulting metal oxide nanofibers were revealed to be freely interwoven without fixed crosslinks between the two contacting points and the fiber's contour between any two slightly touching points appeared either curved or moderately digressed away from their original direction. The absence of crosslinking was attributed to the porous surface of the fiberglass fabric which offered a certain degree of spatial freedom to the membranes during calcination, leading to enhanced stress relaxation within the fiber during thermal annealing above the materials' Tg. Such unique fibrous conformations promoted stress transfer along the fibers' contours and prevented any possible stress concentration, enabling the calcined sample to withstand certain degrees of mechanical stress and so become less likely to fracture. We further demonstrated that the specific combination of metal precursors led to a photocatalytic platform for solar light induced deposition of a single layer of fully dispersed and highly catalytic noble metal nanoparticles.


For many Americans, the dawn of the 21st century poses a great opportunity to examine past successes and failures and continue to progress in a positive direction toward goals that empower the nation with the knowledge gained from these experiences. The United States has a history of allowing individuals the freedom to express their viewpoint, the power to bring about change democratically, and the freedom to continually remodel the social "norm" based on learning and experience. Therefore, it is no surprise that social justice, the direction and attitude of Americans toward their fellow Americans, and the socioABSTRACT


The 21st annual general meeting and conference of the Pakistan Society of Development Economists (PSDE) was held on December 19th-21st, 2005 at Islamabad. The event was hosted by the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (PIDE). The theme of the conference was 'Skill-Development, Productivity and Growth'.


The purpose of this study is to improve understanding about the process aspects of sustainable community planning. After making a distinction between substance and process in planning, the study evaluates the selection of process tools for sustainable community planning, their different roles, and implementation impacts. Further knowledge of process tools is needed because they convey the unique longitudinal context of planning and visioning for sustainable communities. The contribution to practice lies in increasing planners' awareness regarding process tools in sustainability plans and the need to promote these tools. Overall, the implementation of regulation, evaluation, and education process tools in the Florida Demonstration Project was successful. Process aspects received considerable attention throughout the Project's five years. Discretionary implementation and regional planning were two major weaknesses of the Florida case. Civic engagement, public acceptance, and individual learning were noted as crucial forces in planning and implementing longer-range sustainability.


The central helium density in PLT has been deduced from measurements of the ratio of d-3He to d-d fusion reactions during deuterium neutral-beam injection. The inward transport time for 3He puffed at the edge plasma was 10 to 30 ms. The decay time of the central 3He density increased with electron density, varying from 0.3 s to greater than 1.0 s over the density range of (1–5) × 1013 cm−3


Stretching beyond its theoretical field, the debates about the purposes of history education are of great importance to curriculum writers and classroom practitioners. The content selection from a broad field of history is connected to what educators deem an overarching purpose of education. With this in mind, this paper aims to examine the purposes of teaching history against the background of the two general theories of education, namely – the theories of a flourishing life and powerful knowledge. While the theory of a flourishing life encourages the development of personal autonomy, allowing individuals to make successful choices, the theory of powerful knowledge examines the importance of traditional academic knowledge for individual success. The paper will also use the context of post-conflict societies, to reflect on the question of possible purposes of history education.


The phylogenetic position of the European crustose pioneer lichen Moelleropsis (Biatora) humida (Kullhem) Coppins & P. M. Jørg. is studied using partial sequences of the mitochondrial SSU and nuclear LSU rDNA of 64 ascomycetes, including sequences of all known species of Arctomiaceae. The analysis places M. humida in the Arctomiaceae with strong support as sister to the Tasmanian genus Wawea. The genus Arctomia is monophyletic and sister-group to the Wawea+Moelleropsis humida clade. The new genus Gregorella is described to accommodate Moelleropsis humida and the new combination Gregorella humida (Kullhem) Lumbsch is proposed. The ontogeny of the ascomata of Gregorella humida is similar to that of other Arctomiaceae, in that the generative tissue is formed on a thallus outgrowth. The Arctomiaceae did not cluster with the bulk of cyanobacterial lichens in the Lecanorales suborder Peltigerineae (or Peltigerales), but is part of Ostropomycetidae. The closest relative of Arctomiaceae could not be identified, since the relationships of major clades within Ostropomycetidae lacked support.


We argue that neutron spectra in a short-range ordered Valence Bond state is dominated by two-spinon states localized in small spatial regions such as a pinwheel. These excitations lead to angle averaged dynamic structure factor that is spread over a wide frequency range up to about $2.5 J$, whereas its wavevector dependence at all frequencies remains very close to that of isolated dimers. These results are in excellent agreement with recent Neutron scattering data in the Herbertsmithite materials ZnCu$_3$(OH)$_6$Cl$_2$.


Press screws are widely used in pulp dehydration and concentration,25%~30% of concentrated pulp for the following equipment was provided such as dispersing system.Screw press plays an important role in drhydration,the severe wear will make dehydrayion get worse,even resulting in blockage.The relevant skills and experience for maintenance are also focused on in this article.


This study is concerned with the free vibration of laminated cross-ply, symmetric and antisymmetric, cylindrical shell panels. A modified first-order shear deformation shell theory (Herrmann-Mirsky) is employed to investigate the Levy-type solutions of natural frequencies. The pair of curved edges of cylindrical shell panels are simply supported and the straight ones are the arbitrary combination of simply supported, clamped, or free. A new fundamental matrix is derived by using the formulation of state-space concept. The corresponding state vector is composed of ten state variables, including three displacements, two rotations, three shearing/normal forces, and two twisting/bending moments. Each of the above is of the physical meaning. The fundamental matrix derived in the present study is inconsistent to that given in Ref. [13] due to the different state vector adopted. This perhaps causes a slightly different trend in the comparison of numerical results. In addition, the rank of submatrix, whose determinant determining the natural frequency, Has been reduced from 10 to 5. So that, the computing time is shorter and the precision of computation is more easily kept. The influencing parameters examined in the present study are radius-to-arc_length ratio, length-to-thickness ratio, aspect ratio, moduli ratio, and boundary conditions. In order to show the accuracy of the present results, some numerical data are compared with existing ones and found to give a good agreement.


The history of this clause in the 1879 convention was equally commonplace. The clause was renumbered as article I, section 13 by the Committee on Preamble and Bill of Rights, which commented that the clause was based on both the 1849 constitution and the sixth amendment of the Federal Constitution.5 The Committee on Revision made no changes in the clause.' Even as late as 1930 no innovations in defining these privileges were considered, for the existing phraseology was tacitly approved in the report of California constitutional commission to the governor,' although a model constitution prepared by the Committee on State Government of the National Municipal League and published under the same cover deleted all provisions for the privileges against selfincrimination 8


It is well known that decision making problem solving in forest management involves risks from different sources. In many cases, the incorporation of risk will change the optimal decisions in different ways. Usually, stochastic optimization models are much more complicated than the corresponding deterministic ones, and greater computational efforts are required for identification of the optimal solutions. Thus, simplification of the decision making problems is often made in one way or another, the cost being deviations from reality. In this thesis, a new optimization approach has been designed for decision problems concerning harvesting under price risk, both for single species stands (paper I) and for mixed species stands (paper II). The intention with this approach has been to keep the model simple with respect to the computational burden, without imposing very restrictive assumptions on the choice of feasible decision alternatives. Optimal stocking level functions, which are modeled as functions of stand age and stumpage price, are applied to guide the thinning decisions. A reservation price function, which is formulated using stand age and standing timber stock as independent variables, and market price observations are used to determine the final harvest time. The coefficients of these functions are calculated by simulation. Flexibility is valuable in decision making under risk. Recently, the risk of damage to forests by moose in Sweden has been widely recognized. This problem will most likely exist also in the future, since moose hunting is very popular in the country. Study of this problem is highly relevant to forestry. In Paper III, the value of flexibility for a mixed species stand is analyzed when risks in timber price and moose damage are incorporated. An adaptive optimization model has been developed to determine the initial mix of species which maximizes the expected present value. The results show that mixed-species stands of Scots pine and Norway spruce are preferable to pure Scots pine stands when the risks of moose damage and timber price are taken into account. The efficiency of the model also depends on the optimization technique applied. Paper IV works on a hybrid heuristic algorithm, based on a genetic algorithm and a traditional non-linear optimization method: the Hooke and Jeeves method. It is shown that the performance of the hybrid algorithm is significantly better than that of the Hooke and Jeeves method, and of the Powell search method.


INTRODUCTION Mankind progresses in proportion to its wisdom which has roots in practice, acquired skills, available data & information, concepts and knowledge. To be wise, humankind needs to be informed and knowledgeable, otherwise will not survive own failures. Progress in knowledge was painfully slow as long as the racial memory was transmitted only by oral tradition. With the invention of writing and books the process of knowledge discovery and dissemination has been accelerated. Today, computers and their networks speed up that process far beyond our imagination. In 2000's the Information Wave significantly controls the Agricultural and Industrial Waves through millions of computers. IT supports decision-making based on knowledge-oriented systems such as "data mining" that, for example, discovers knowledge about customers, organizational dynamics, and so forth to achieve competitive advantage. Information and knowledge become the strategic resource as engineering science was in the Industrial Wave. However, the discovery of human cognition potential must be guided by knowledge s c i e n c e, which just emerges. One of signs of any science is its set of scientific data, universal rules, laws, and systems of rules and laws. Hence, this paper offers the first attempt to develop main laws of information that should increase our awareness about the Information Wave which is a new stage of civilization's dynamics that is taking place at the beginning of the III rd Millennium. The paper also provides the framework for the analysis of the human capital from the information perspective. This set of considerations reflects a new emerging approach which I call macro-information ecology.


The study of phase transitions in a three-dimensional weakly diluted 5-state Potts model is carried out by computer modeling. Systems with linear sizes L × L × L = N, L = 10 ÷ 40 at a spin concentration p = 1.00, 0.90 are considered. The obtained numerical data indicate that the introduction of an insignificant disorder in the form of non-magnetic impurities (p = 0.90) in the three-dimensional 5 - state Potts model is not essential for a phase transition of the first order.


The paper is organized in six sections, including the introduction. The second section presents a brief summary of the economic transformation of the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country. It describes some of the ACBC's most important characteristics, the most significant economic crises it has faced, and trends in some of its main economic and social indicators from the 1980s to 2014.


The Raman spectroscopy technique has been employed to probe, as a function of temperature, the ionic and molecular speciation within the aqueous phase for systems of potential relevance to stratospheric chemistry. The systems studied, over the temperature range 200−300 K, were (i) binary HNO3:H2O and H2SO4:H2O mixtures and (ii) ternary HNO3:H2SO4:H2O (NSW) mixtures. The contributions of the concentration coefficient, Qm, to the equilibrium dissociation constants were assessed from the spectroscopic data. It was observed that speciation within the binary acid systems shifts toward the ionized form as temperature and concentration decrease because of increasing proton stabilization. The ternary NSW acid displays some similar properties to the binary counterparts, though a dominance of SO42-aq over NO3-aq ions in the competition for protons is observed. This effect leads to the HSO4- ion becoming the principal associated acid form and its presence is found to determine the behavior of the NSW systems at all ...


The poplar based agroforestry systems of 5×4m, 10×2m and 18×2×2m spacing was established in 2008 in semi arid ecosystem. After eight years, tree height was not affected significantly at different spacings, whereas girth varied significantly among different spacing. The cowpea-wheat and sorghum-berseem crop rotation was followed in poplar based agroforestry system. Results revealed that growth and yield of agricultural crops decreased significantly with the decrease in poplar spacing. The reduction in yield was more severe in kharif crops. The rate of decrease in yield of sorghum fodder and wheat was more under 5×4 m spacing. The mean decrease in the yield of berseem under different spacings of poplar was 31.1% over control (devoid of trees). On an average, the grain yield of wheat decreased up to 51.2% under 5×4m spacing as compared to the sole wheat (4.3 t ha−1). The wheat quality parameters viz. protein content and gluten % was increased with the decrease in spacing of poplar and maximum protein content (10.7%) in wheat was recorded under 5×4 m spacing closely followed by 10×2 m (10.4%) over control. The values of gluten % were also observed highly significantly under different spacings of poplar based agroforestry than sole crop of wheat. Among different spacings of poplar, highest organic carbon (0.76%) build up was recorded in 5×4 m. Soil pH and the electrical conductivity were also lowered from its initial value under different spacings. The available soil N, P and K increased significantly under different spacings of poplar based agroforestry system. The available phosphorus in the soil increased substantially and it was more than two times under poplar based agroforestry system from the initial value.


Nowadays Eco-friendly design is recognized as one of the most important architectural planning method. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport has a long term plan for energy efficiency improvements in order to strengthen the residential and housing design as a national policy. The thermal performance will act as major factor to enhance the efficiency of buildings. Simultaneously the utilization of solar power is more important than anything else. This study is to find the good positions to install PV on the existing apartment complex. To find the acquisite place to install PV, Sanalyst 4.0 and PVsyst 6.38 program were used for this study. Electric power generation was decided by the condition on azimuth angle of building and gradient angle of PV. Finally it was revealed that when we use the roof and staircase roof efficiently over 30%, 50% of total area of roof, almost 13% to 22% of electricity can be produced. Also parapet and canopy can be a good place to install PV.


In this paper, the statistical properties of projection range distributions in amorphous solids are investigated by using the approximate solution of the Boltzmann transport equation and the dynamic Monte Carlo simulation, which is based on the binary collision approximation. The dependences of implantation parameters on the mean projection range of energetic ions in solids, the standard deviation of the range as well as the skewness and the kurtosis of the implanted ion distribution are discussed. The calculated results are in good agreement with experiment.


On the basis of introducing updated research information about immersion treatment methods to wood all over the world, a wood preservation technique, immersion treatment to wood based on pressure-rolling process,is discussed emphatically. Moreover, the immersion theory of pressure-rolling process is discussed,at the same time,a comparison of pressure-rolling process with the traditional method-vacuum and pressure process is made in respect of equipment and technology used. Finally, the importance of controlling compressibility is elaborated, and a result of trail determining compressibility by computer image processing is presented. For Pussuriensi Kom ,the compressibility of 50% or less is suggested.


The Maillard reaction production from the mixture of amino acids and glucose under different conditions was added to the vacant cut tobacco for detailed evaluations.The results showed that the best adding effect of Maillard reaction productions were obtained under reaction condition of temperature 105℃,pH10 and 5 hours.


This article reviews a number of claims made by postmodernist writers on the education of adults, who deny the existence of objective truth. It is argued here that such claims are asserted without supporting evidence and that they fail to take into account the semantic structures of language and actual linguistic usage. The article tries to show that analysis of semantic structure reveals a concept of truth embedded and presupposed in language and that truth and meaning are interrelated.


In three cases only was there an inspection of the body after death and in all of them was found a diseased condition of the suprarenal capsules. In two, no disease whatever could be detected in any other part of the body. Dr. Addison inquired if it were possible for all this to be merely coincidental ... He could not help entertaining a very strong impression that these hitherto mysterious bodies-the suprarenal capsules-may be either directly or indirectly concerned in sanguiScation.


Porous structures that can provide properties of material and have started to be needed for production of regenerative biomedical products in orthopedics. The stress-shielding effect, which occurs as a result of remarkable strength difference from solid materials to bone, causes loss of biomedical implants. Porous materials can be designed according to conditions with advantages of additive manufacturing and manufacturing can be made by copying natural geometries. In the study, the geometries obtained by copying the trabecular bones taken from femur and vertebra regions of a sheep by Micro-CT compared to studies on reproducibility and strength of designable unit cell geometries in the literature were produced by selective laser melting from Ti6Al4V ELI alloy. Compression and compression-shear strengths of samples were examined. The elasticity module was obtained from the compression tests and found 3±0.25 GPa on the femur samples and 2±0.15 GPa on the vertebra samples. It was found that the compatibility of finite element analysis with the test results was admirable. As the trabecular metal takes its geometry from bone structure, it is concluded that it is an interface material with high fusion capability for biomedical products by supporting bone inward growth behavior and decreasing stress shielding effect.


Keynote Address. George W. GRACE: On the Changing Context of Austronesian Historical Linguistics. I Phonetics & Phonology. Ajid CHE KOB: Word Final Nasal in Malay Dialects. Ewald F. EBING & Vincent J. van HEUVEN: Some Formal and Functional Aspects of Indonesian Intonation. Vincent J. van HEUVEN & Ellen van ZANTEN: Effects of Substrate Language on the Localization and Perceptual Evaluation of Pitch Movements in Indonesian. Nikolaus P. HIMMELMANN: The Paragogic Vowel in Lauje (Tomini-Tolitoli): Phonology or Morphosyntax? Harry van der HULST & Marian KLAMER: The Prosodic Structure of Kambera Roots and Words. Michael D. LARISH: Moklen-Moken Phonology: Mainland or Insular Southeast Asian Typology? Cecilia ODE: On the Perception of Prominence in Indonesian: an Experiment. Alan M. STEVENS: Truncation Phenomena in Contemporary Indonesian. Zaharani AHMAD: Vowel Epenthesis in Malay. Ellen van ZANTEN & Vincent J. van HEUVEN: Effects of Word Length and Substrate Language on the Temporal Organisation of Words in Indonesian. II Morphology. Agus SALIM: The Problem of the Aspectual Classification of Indonesian Verbs. Beatrice CLAYRE: Verb Affixes in Berawan. Aone van ENGELEN-HOVEN: Indexing the Evidence: Metathesis and Subordination in Leti (Eastern Indonesia). Charles E. GRIMES: Compounding and Semantic Bleaching in Languages of Eastern Indonesia. Videa P. de GUZMAN: Verbal Affixes in Tagalog: Inflection or Derivation? Lex van der LEEDEN: A Tonal Morpheme in Ma'ya. Jan W. de VRIES: Verbal Morphology in Javindo and Pecok. III Syntax. Elly G. AMADE: Word Order Change in Petjoh: Fronting as a Technique to Highlight Many Concepts like New Referents, Unexpectedness, Newsworthiness and More. Isabelle BRIL: Split Ergativity in the Nelemwa Language. Lea BROWN: Nominal Mutation in Nias. Mark DONOHUE: The Applicative Construction in Tukang Besi. Even HOVDHAUGEN: Nominal Clauses in Two Polynesian Languages: Form and Function. Anna MACLACHLAN: Conjunction Reduction and the Syntax of Case in Tagalog. Philip QUICK: Active and Inverse Voice Selection Criteria in Pendau, a Western Austronesian Language. Charles RANDRIAMASIMANANA: Malagasy and Universal Grammar. Der-Hwa V. RAU: Transitivity and Discourse Grounding in Atayal Folk Tales. Wolfgang B. SPERLICH: A Theory of Verb Classes and Case Morphology in Niuean. Jan E. VOSKUIL: The Tagalog 'Absolute' Accusative. IV Diachronic & Compa-rative Studies. Natalia F. ALIEVA: The Progress of Monosyllabization in Cham as Testified by Field Materials. Joseph C. FINNEY: Casemarking and the *ia Demonstrati-ves. Hoang Thi CHAU: Austronesian Words in Geographical Names in the Southwest Highlands of Vietnam. John U. WOLFF: The Proto-Austronesian Voiced Apical and Palatal Stops *d and *j. R. David ZORC: Evaluation of Evidence and Errors in Austrone-sian Reconstruction. V Sociolinguistics. Bui KHANH THE: Problems of Compiling the Cham-Viet Dictionary. Hajah FATIMAH binti Haji Awang CHUCHU: Multilingualism in Brunei: Factors Which Determine the Number of Acquired Languages. Margaret J. FLOREY: Skewed Performance and Structural Variation in the Process of Language Obsolescence. Margaret MASE & Stewart MARSHALL: Social Networks and the Use of Motu in Hanuabada, Papua New Guinea. Gloria R. POEDJOSOEDARMO: What is Happening to Malay in Singapore? J. Stephen QUAKEBUNCH: Writing Agutaynen Pronouns: Making the Most of a Mixed-up World. Peter SERCOMBE: Ethnolinguistic Change Among the Penan of Brunei: Some Initial Observations. Antonia SORIENTE: The Kenyah Isolects of Long Pujungan District in North-East Kalimantan.


The invention relates to a hardened calcium silicate material characterized by having Ib/Ia which is greater than 3 (wherein Ib represents the diffraction peak intensity of the tobermorite (220) plane in powdery X-ray diffractometry; and Ia represents the minimum diffraction intensity in the angle region located between two diffraction peaks in the tobermorite (220) and (222) planes;), having a specific gravity of 0.2 or more but less than 0.7, and being substantially free from bubbles having a maximum diameter exceeding 200 mum; and a process for producing the same.


1-Methyl-4,5-dinitroimidazole(4,5-MDNI) was synthesized from nitration of 1-methylimidazole.4,5-Dinitroimidazole(4,5-DNI) displaying acidity was dissolved.The structure of 4,5-MDNI was characterized by IR,elemental analysis,1H NMR and MS.Effects of the temperature,reaction time and the ratios of fuming sulfuric acid to fuming nitric acid on its yield were studied by orthogonal test.The optimal reaction conditions for synthesizing 4,5-MDNI are obtained as follows: the yield of 4,5-MDNI is 60%,and reaction temperature is 105-115 ℃,and reaction time is 2 h,and the ratios of sulfuric acid and nitric acid is 1:1.The thermolysis property of 4,5-MDNI was studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).Results show that the melting point of 4,5-MDNI is 78 ℃,and 4,5-MDNI has good thermal stability.


Failures in the process of pollen transfer among conspecifi c plants can severely impact female reproductive success. Th us, pollen limitation can cause selection on plant mating systems and fl oral traits. Th e relationships between pollen limitation and fl oral traits might be partly mediated by the quantity and identity of pollinator visits. However, very little is known about the relationship between pollinator visits and pollen limitation. We examined the relationships between pollen limitation and fl oral traits at the community level to connect them to community ecology processes. We used 48 plant species from two contrasting communities: one species-rich lowland community and one species-poor alpine community. In addition, we calculated visitation rates and ecological pollination generalization for 38 of the species to examine the relationship between pollinator visitation and pollen limitation at the community level. We found low overall levels of pollen limitation that did not diff er signifi cantly between the alpine and the lowland community. In both communities, species with evolutionary specialized fl owers were more pollen limited than species with unspecialized fl owers. Species ' visitation rates and selfi ng capability were negatively related to pollen limitation in the alpine community, where pollinators are scarcer. However, fl ower size/number, ecological generalization of plants and fl owering onset had greater eff ects on pollen limitation levels at the lowland community, indicating that the identity of the visitors and plant-plant competitive interactions are more decisive for plant reproduction in this species-rich community. Th ere, pollen limitation increased with fl ower size and fl owering onset, and decreased with ecological generalization, but only in species with evolutionary specialized fl owers. Our study suggests that selection on plant mating system and fl oral traits may be idiosyncratic to each particular community and highlights the benefi ts of conducting community-level studies for a better understanding of the processes underlying evolutionary responses to pollen limitation.


Springtails are generally regarded as being restricted to wet or moist protected habitats such as soil, leaf litter and crevices under rocks. However, a number of species of the families Entomobryidae and Sminthuridae frequently climb vegetation and spend most or all of their life there. The present investigation had the purpose of surveying the fauna of springtails associated with grasses in the Mayagüez area, particularly on the campus of the University of Puerto Rico. Fifty samples were taken in various locations within or close to the University campus. Since the grounds around the central area of the campus are generally kept free of weeds and grasses, most sampling was done near the Entomological Research Laboratory, at the university farm and along the road to the state zoological gardens. Specimens were collected by beating vegetation over a white enameled pan measuring 45 x 30 cm. An aspirator was used to transfer the springtails to vials filled with 95% ethyl alcohol. Since I did not intend to make quantitative studies, I made no effort to standardize the number of beatings made at each location or to collect all the specimens seen on the surface of the pan. I did try to collect each species roughly in proportion to its observed abundance. At each locality the temperature inside the grass stand was recorded and specimens of grasses were collected. The condition of the stand was classified as cool and moist (temperature below 30°C, some water condensed on the leaves), or warm and dry (temperature above 30° C, leaves completely dry). These conditions depend on the location of the stand (e.g., out in the open vs. shaded by trees) and the hour when the sample was taken. Sampling was done between 8.00 a.m. and 4:00 p.m., with most samples taken between 8:30-9:30 a.m. and 1:30-2:30 p.m. Collections were made from February 1 to May 10, 1984. Collection data from my general collection of springtails was used as reference to help determine whether the species are regular inhabitants of grasses and other vegetation or primarily inhabit leaf litter.


A new series of boron substituted cobalt bis(dicarbollide)(1−) ion (1) derivatives of the general formula [(8-CMPO-(CH2-CH2O)2-1,2-C2B9H10)(1′,2′-C2B9H11)-3,3′-Co]−
(CMPO = Ph2P(O)-CH2C(O)NR, R = C4H9
(3b), -C12H25
(4b), -CH2-C6H5
(5b)) was prepared by ring cleavage of the 8-dioxane-cobalt bis(dicarbollide)
(2) bi-polar compound by the respective primary amines and by subsequent reaction of the resulting amino derivatives (3a–5a) with the nitrophenyl ester of diphenylphosphorylacetic acid. The compounds were synthesized with the aim to develop a new class of more efficient extraction agents for liquid–liquid extraction of polyvalent cations, i.e. lanthanides and actinides, from high-level activity nuclear waste. All compounds were characterized by a combination of 11B NMR, 1H high field NMR, Mass Spectrometry with Electrospray and MALDI TOF ionisation, HPLC and other techniques. The molecular structure of the supramolecular Ln3+ complex of the anion 5b was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystallographic results proved that the Ln(III) atom is bonded to three functionalised cobalt bis(dicarbollide) anions in a charge compensated complex. The cation is tightly coordinated by six oxygen atoms of the CMPO terminal groups (two of each ligand) and by three water molecules completing the metal coordination number to 9. Atoms occupying the primary coordination sphere form a tri-capped trigonal prismatic arrangement. Very high liquid–liquid extraction efficiency of all anionic species was observed. Moreover, less polar toluene can be applied as an auxiliary solvent replacing the less environmentally friendly nitro- and chlorinated solvents used in the current dicarbollide liquid–liquid extraction process. The extraction coefficients are sufficiently high for possible technological applications.


ABSTRACT.
 Herein we describe the tadpole and vocalizations of H. polytaenius (Cope, 1870) from populations of the Quadrilatáro Ferrífero highlands, state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, and compare them with other species of the H. polytaenius clade and closely related species in the H. pulchellus group. The tadpoles differ from those of other species of the H. polytaenius clade by the shape of the body and snout in dorsal view, the degree of attachment of the spiracle inner wall to the body, and the tooth row formula 2(1,2)/3(1). The major differences from the closely related species in the H. pulchellus group refer to oral disc characteristics. Two types of calls were identified for H. polytaenius: one composed by one pulsed note and the other composed by isolated notes. Nevertheless, a call composed by two pulsed notes, possibly a territorial call, was recorded once. Comparisons of our results with those previously published for H. polytaenius from Estação Biológica da Boracéia, state of São Paulo, show differences with important taxonomic implications. The main differences in vocalizations between species of the H. polytaenius clade rely on spectral parameters. The closely related species in the H. pulchellus group present calls with increase in the intensity and longer duration than H. polytaenius. Additionally, for the purpose of comparison of the vocalizations between species from the H. polytaenius clade, we analyzed a record available of the call of H. phaeopleura.


Retinal prostheses are devices that receive an environmental visual stimulus, process it, and stimulate the degenerated retinal areas in order to produce a functionally efficient visual perception. Indications for implantation of these devices include hereditary retinal degenerations like retinitis pigmentosa, choroideremia, rod-cone dystrophy, and acquired macular diseases like geographic atrophy or fibrosis due to age-related macular degeneration. Clinically applied retinal prosthesis approaches can be classified as; epiretinal, subretinal, suprachoroidal, and scleral (transscleral suprachoroidal). In this paper, approaches of retinal prosthesis research groups, results of clinical trials, and the latest advances in their projects will be provided.


Stress is a physical response that our body gives to any particular event or a problematic situation. When the body experiences stress, it undergoes a fight or flight situation (Lazarus,1984). The challenge is when our body undergoes any stressful situation it creates an imbalance in the body which needs to be brought back to a balance stage. The research paper focuses on stress management in academic sphere. As we all know college requires more efforts than high school. As observed that students are motivated to do the work and the instructors also demands higher level of performance. Because of these demands it is common for students to experience stress. There are a lot of students who are intelligent, but they cannot perform well because of stressful factors like pressure from family or professors, conflicting situation with peer group, etc. Stress can harm our emotional and physical health which in turn affects in our life. However, sometimes people perform the best when in a stressful situation. For examplea deadline for an assignment may motivate a student to work which brings out best results if performed well. The tool to be used in the study is Perception Stress Scale (PSS). The age of the subjects ranges from 18-24 years. The rationale of this study is to analyse the factors which causes stress and knowing about the coping methods that students use in their daily life. The hypothesis will focus upon determining how much productivity students portray.


Consumer expenditure is one of most important promoting economic growth factor,It conclude that consumer spending of rural resident is at buying food,housing expenditure,transport and communication spending,and educational and cultural expenditure,but is less at buying clothes,household services and health care expenditure.At last,rural financial development level is not high which limitedly play a role of expenditure effect on rural residents.


Resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, and Hall measurements were performed on densified nanocrystalline composite materials of undoped and Ag-doped PbTe nanocrystals to investigate the physical mechanisms responsible for Seebeck coefficient enhancement in nanocrystalline systems. The unique temperature dependence of the resistivity and mobility for these PbTe nanocomposites suggests that grain-boundary potential barrier scattering is the dominant scattering mechanism. We propose that carrier trapping in the grain boundaries forms energy barriers that impede the conduction of carriers between grains, essentially filtering charge carriers with energy less than the barrier height. These nanocomposites therefore demonstrate an enhanced Seebeck coefficient as compared to single crystal or polycrystalline PbTe at similar carrier concentrations.


In order to assess the effects of macrofauna on meiofaunal community structure, field investigations were performed in a low energy subtidal muddy sediment in Loch Creran, a sea-loch on the west coast of Scotland. Meiofaunal colonization of azoic sediment in cages designed to exclude macrofauna to varylng degrees was studied. After 1 mo nematode density in all 15 cages was less than a third of ambient density. In none of the cages did the nematodes reach ambient densities within the experimental period. Copepods attained background levels in 3 mo in all cages and were in higher numbers in cages designed to exclude all macrofauna. Results indicate that small to medium sized macroepifauna control the densities of copepods at the study site.


Author(s): borland, trisha m | Abstract: Abstract. Humans have continually interacted with and transformed their surroundings. Cordyline fruticosa Chevalier 1919, was among the many plants Polynesians brought with them as they voyaged from western Polynesia to eastern Polynesia. Polynesian culture is historically associated with C. fruticosa, which was centered around the ancient marae, or temples. The distribution of the large, sterile, green leaf variety was studied at marae and contemporary areas such as homes and businesses on Mo'orea, French Polynesia. I expected to find the sacred green variety around marae and the ornamental red varieties in contemporary locations. No C. fruticosa plants were found around marae sites. Contrary to predictions, the green variety of C. fruticosa was more prevalent at the contemporary sites than the red varieties. Local Tahitians were consulted on current attitudes towards and uses of C. fruticosa. These elders indicated that the sacred green variety continues to be utilized in religious, medicinal, and cultural ways, perhaps explaining its prevalence over red varieties.


In phonology, one of the generalisations that seems to hold true across most, if not all, languages is that the overall rhythmic pattern tends to be organised such that there is an alternation of strong and weak syllables (cf. among others, Hayes 1980, 1984; Prince 1983; Selkirk 1984). In other words, languages tend to avoid strings of adjacent strong syllables, as well as strings of adjacent weak syllables. These generalisations are expressed by clauses (a) and (b), respectively, of Selkirk's Principle of Rhythmic Alternation (PRA): (1) Principle of Rhythmic Alternation (Selkirk 1984: 52) a. Every strong position on a metrical level n should be followed by at least one weak position on that level b. Any weak position on a metrical level n may be preceded by at most one weak position on that level Of course, the underlying rhythmic patterns of a language are not always in conformity with the PRA.


During the month of April 1975 a survey of the flora and fauna of the Jebel Akhdar in the Sultanate of Oman was carried out by a party of five naturalists at the invitation of the Oman Government and sponsored by the Ministry of Diwan Affairs. Amongst 59 mammal specimens obtained by the author on this expedition are three examples of Botta's Serotine (Eptesicus bottae Peters, 1869). These specimens represent the first occurrence of this species in Oman, being known previously in the Arabian Peninsula from widely scattered localities in Yemen, Israel and Iraq (Harrison, 1964). They differ so strikingly from all previously described forms of this species that they clearly represent a form new to science which is here named :


Sparse representation has been a powerful technique for modeling high-dimensional data. As an unsupervised technique to extract sparse representations, sparse coding encodes the original data into a new sparse code space and simultaneously learns a dictionary representing high-level semantics. Existing methods have considered local manifold within high-dimensional data using graph/hypergraph Laplacian regularization, and more from the manifold could be utilized to improve the performance. In this article, we propose to further regulate the sparse coding so that the learned sparse codes can well reconstruct the hypergraph structure. In particular, we add a novel hypergraph consistency regularization term (HC) by minimizing the reconstruction error of the hypergraph incidence or weight matrix. Moreover, we extend the HC term to multi-hypergraph consistent sparse coding (MultiCSC) and automatically select the optimal manifold structure under the multi-hypergraph learning framework. We show that the optimization of MultiCSC can be solved efficiently, and that several existing sparse coding methods can fit into the general framework of MultiCSC as special cases. As a case study, hypergraph incidence consistent sparse coding is applied to perform semi-auto image tagging, demonstrating the effectiveness of hypergraph consistency regulation. We perform further experiments using MultiCSC for image clustering, which outperforms a number of baselines.


Buoyancy-driven helium-air exchange flow through double small openings was investigated. The double openings with rectangular cross section were settled side by side, in order to evaluate the interaction between the flow through the double opening. In the exchange flow experiment, the exchange flow rate and the flow pattern around the openings were simultaneously measured. Two flow patterns were formed even in the same boundary condition, i.e., (a) uncaptured flow pattern with larger exchange flow rate, and (b) captured flow pattern with smaller exchange flow rate. The entrainment effect caused the two flow patterns. In order to clarify the mechanism, characteristics of the entrainment was evaluated in the forced flow experiment. Only (b) flow pattern was observed in forced flow experiment. The relationship between the entrainment ratio a and flow rate q were measured for the flow patters (b). A new correlation for the exchange flow rate was proposed with considering the entrainment. With applying the a-q relationship for flow pattern (b) to the correlation, the exchange flow rate was predicted. It agreed with the measured value better than the conventional prediction without consideration of the entrainment.


Different M series of dwarfing interstocks for apples in Weihai areas of Shandong Province were investigated and evaluated in graft compatibility,fastness,adaptation,stress resistance,growth and development,etc.According to the results,it was thought that M26 had good graft compatibility,fastness,adaptation,stress resistance and appropriate tree vigor.M9 had higher ratio of tilt plant,smaller tree body and weaker tree vigor.The graft compatibility,fastness,growth and development of MM106 and M7 acted normally,and their tree vigor was similar but stronger than M26.Except M9,the Fuji apple trees grafted on M26,MM106 and M7 interstocks could adapt to Weihai and Weihai neighborhood with better fertilizer and water conditions.Further researches were needed for large-area development because of less application of M7,M9 and MM106 as dwarfing interstocks.


We have developed a graphical user interface (GUI) based package $\mu$2mech to perform phase-field simulation for predicting microstructure evolution. The package can take inputs from ab initio calculations and CALPHAD (Calculation of Phase Diagrams) tools for quantitative microstructure prediction. The package also provides a seamless connection to transfer output from the mesoscale phase field method to the microscale finite element analysis for mechanical property prediction. Such a multiscale simulation package can facilitate microstructure-property correlation, one of the cornerstones in accelerated materials development within the integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) framework.


The sonographic appearance of calculi within a calyceal diverticulum has not been previously described. Two cases with similar sonographic features are presented, demonstrating echogenic material within a cystic structure in the kidney. The material is associated with acoustic shadowing and is gravity dependent, similar to the sonographic appearance of gallstones. The stones may be radiopaque or radiolucent. The sonographic features help to limit the differential diagnosis of cystic renal lesions and are indicative of the benign nature of the lesion.


In this paper, a novel approach to defining signal propagation through a relay node in a three-node, indoor impulse-ultra-wideband (I-UWB) system is described. The approach described herein uses stochastic and statistical methods for signal recognition and relay to increase the I-UWB system range, data transmission rates and quality. In the three-node I-UWB system model presented here, IR2 is defined as a relay node. Through the stochastic techniques of the Fokker-Planck equation and percolation theory using a Cayley tree, we are able to model a relay node that processes very fast with a high degree of accuracy. Such a system of relay nodes could be deployed to extend a UWB network range indefinitely.


Germination studies were performed on two varieties of pitaya (Stenocereus griseus (Haworth) Buxbaum) and jiotilla (Escontria chiotilla (Weber) with the further aim of reforestation. A viability test, with tetrazolium chloride at 1 %, was done on the seeds at 0 and three months after extraction from the fruits. Seeds, just removed from fruits (0 month old seeds), were germinated under both in light and dark, at temperatures of 18oC and 30oC and on the surface or covered with soil. Three month old seeds were germinated after been treated with water, sulphuric acid or gibberellic acid (GA3). In general, the best germination conditions at 0 months were: in the light, 30oC and on the surface. Viability level is maintained after three months but germination percentage decreased. The highest germination percentage at three months was shown by jiotilla under GA3. INTRODUCTION Although a wide range of vegetation types can be found in Mexico, arid zones account for around 50 % of the total area and are therefore of great importance (LópezGómez et al., 2000). In such areas, the vegetation is constantly disrupted by humans and livestock as in Mixteca state of Oaxaca. In that region, cacti represent a farming option for economic development. Fruits of pitaya (S. griseus), naturalized in Oaxaca, and jiotilla (E. chiotilla), which is native there (Mercado and Granados, 1999), are eaten fresh or as jelly and refreshing drink (Arnaud et al., 1997). These plants have been grown only by vegetative propagation with the result that genetic variability is lost. With the aim of preserving genetic variability, these species will be cultivated from seeds and used to reafforest disrupted areas. The objective of the present work is to perform germination studies on these species. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant Material Fruits were taken from jiotilla and two types of pitaya, "ceniza" and "olla", collected from orchards in Chazumba, State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Seeds were removed from the flesh, washed, dried and kept in a glass jar at 4oC. Viability Test Seeds hydrated for 24 hours were cut longitudinally in halves. One half of each seed was boiled and both halves were put in a tetrazolium chloride solution at 1 % for 24 hours, in darkness. The test was performed with both 0 months and three months old seeds. Germination Test 1. Germination at 0 Months. Freshly removed seeds (0 months old seeds) were disinfected in 70 % ethanol for 5 minutes, rinsed with sterilized water, disinfected with 0.6 % sodium hypochloride for 15 minutes, and rinsed with sterilized water for five Proc. IS on Sust. Use Of Plant Biodiv. Eds. E. Düzyaman &Y.Tüzel Acta Hort. 598, ISHS 2003 40 minutes. Lots of 50 seeds were grown in combinations of one of each pair of the following conditions: light/dark, temperatures of 18oC/30oC) and on the surface or covered with a layer of 2 mm of sand. 2. Germination at 3 Months. Seeds removed from the fruit three months previously (3 months old seeds) were disinfected as stated for 0 months old seeds. A lot of 50 seeds was grown directly in water. A second lot was treated with a solution of gibberellic acid (GA3, 1mg/l), for 24 hours, previously grown in water, to promote germination. The third lot of 50 seeds was treated with a solution of sulphuric acid (H2SO4, 30%), for 10 minutes, as chemical scarification, rinsed with water and grown. The growing conditions for all three lots were the same: on the surface, in the light and at 30oC.


Proud as Spain was for having extended her hegemony to the Philippines, attempts were made to abandon that distant outpost of the empire. The island colony in Asia was a constant drain to the royal treasury and, consequently, Mexico had to supplement the revenue deficit with an annual subsidy (situado) for over two hundred years. A breakthrough in the Philippine economic development occurred in the late eighteenth century. The Bourbon reforms implemented many innovative measures that finally made the government self-sufficient. Concurrent and interrelated with these government-initiated activities was the glimmering of entrepreneurship, the emergence of a few Spaniards interested in developing the resources of the land. Brought up in a society that looked down on industrial and commercial activities as "ungentlemanly," Francisco Xavier Salgado was a rare breed who dabbled in manufacturing, mining and agricultural ventures. He displayed practically all the qualities deemed necessary to achieve success in a business enterprise: an adventurous spirit willing to take a risk, an eagerness to learn a new trade and the patience to stick with it in times of adversity, a thorough knowledge of the inner workings of the government acquired through many years as a civil servant, and a sizeable fortune to finance his projects. Living in an autocratic system of government, Salgado is a classic example of the daunting hardships an entrepreneur had to overcome in the pursuit of his economic goal- the bureaucratic maze of regulations that stifled individual initiatives, the jealousy and pettiness among his peers, and the bitter partisanship and retribution of higher public officials. This article recounts and analyzes the saga of Salgado. the pioneer industrialist in eighteenth century Philippines.


Objective To study the surgical treatment for patients with acute cholecystitis method and clinical effect.Methods From 2007 to June in June 2010,the 50 cases treated patients with acute cholecystitis patients as research group,the observation group with conventional treatment,the selection of the outer court instead of 50 patients as control group,and the control group medical records laparoscopic bravery manager stone cut take T-tube drainage,control group was used by routine operation with open treatment,compared between the two groups of patients with clinical curative effect.Results In the control group in peri-operative bleeding was better than the observation group,P0.05;and the observation group in the recovery of gastrointestinal function after the operation time,length of hospital stay,and postoperative complications were significantly better than the control group,P0.05.Two groups of operation time no significant differences,P0.05.Conclusions Patients with acute cholangitis of surgical treatment of it should grasp the operation time,traditional operation method to treat severe acute cholecystitis relatively safe,reliable,and worth basic-level hospital clinical application.


Principal component analysis is a technique for reducing the sample, used when we have high correlated variables. It reduces the number of input variables into a smaller number of key components that measure the maximum sample variance. It is a process applied to large samples.
Factor analysis is a technique to reduce the variables in the sample that identifies the number of latent structures and creates a structure, a new set of variables, called common factors explaining the sample.
Implies a structure of non-observable variables that can not be measured directly.
It considers the factors that affect and reflect the original variables.
It allows the researcher to describe and even to identify the factors that represent the sample.
Includes special factors (specific errors) due to unreliability of measurement.


An entire domain analysis of an omnidirectional linear array antenna, in which the radiating elements are slot doublets in a rectangular waveguide, has been developed. A numerical example is presented to verify the validity of the proposed formulation. The numerical results are in good agreement with measurement and consequently the resultant computer program represents accurate design tool for omnidirectional arrays comprising of a shunt slot pair in a rectangular waveguide. >


ABSTRACT This paper analyses historical data and stone inscriptions to restructure the 'master–disciple' relationship between Venerable Nanyue Huisi 南岳慧思 (515–577) and Venerable Jingwan 敬琬 (?–639), who initiated the stone carving in Fangshan. At the end of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), Venerable Zibai 紫柏, determined to restore Yunju Monastery 雲居寺, was the first to forge such a link between the two. The Dijing jingwu lue 帝京景物略 (Brief Account of the Sights of the Imperial Capital) further elaborated upon this 'master–disciple' relationship, demonstrating a kind of wishful thinking and reflecting prevailing social attitudes of the time. In addition, Jingwan was likely the successor of Venerable Lingyu 靈裕. With the passing of time, people saw more clearly a 'master–disciple' relationship between the two figures – it was a relationship fabricated by people in later centuries.


Elderly is someone who has reached the age of 60 years and over. The older you get, the greater the risk for experiencing health problems, because of the degenerative process. The most common degenerative disease that affects the elderly is hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the basic health profile of the elderly through blood pressure checks in commemoration of the National Elderly Day in East Java Social Welfare Activities Coordinating Board (BKKKS). Methods This research was conducted in three stages, namely preparation, implementation and evaluation using an accidental sampling of 125 elderly participants. The results Most of the elderly participants had normal blood pressure as much as 51.20% compared to those with hypertension as much as 48.8%, because before doing the blood pressure check, they had physical activities such as morning exercise together. Most of the elderly have normal blood pressure


Stewart (1971) and Demmel (1987) have proposed iterative procedures for refining invariant subspaces of Hilbert space operators and matrices respectively. In this paper, modifications are proposed for these procedures which facilitates their application to bounded Banach space operators. Under regularity conditions (which could include densely defined closed operators) it is shown that the modifications perform as well as or better than the procedures of Stewart and Demmel.


The relaxation of water in aqueous heterogeneous systems is described in terms of the effects of the substrate structure and order on the motions and arrangements of the water molecules. The genera...


B2B E-business is developed mainly rounding the E-market. Bargaining based on E-business has four stages,such as information,negotiation,transact and after the event and mainly achieve its function by aggregation and matching mechanisms. Electronic market formed around the e-commerce platform can be either place where traders gather,or can be a platform for supply chain integration. As the transaction is subject to conversion risk and control platform,the direction of development of electronic market is concerned about.


A deproteinized calf blood extract (Solcoseryl: Solco Basle, Ltd, Switzerland) enhanced healing of induced and naturally-occurring lesions in the feet of 30 horses and donkeys.


Forgotten Moments and Reclaimed Memories Carolyn Holbrook , Julie Kimber , Maggie Nolan c and Thomas Rogers Faculty of Arts and Education, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Faculty of Health, Arts & Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Faculty of Education and Arts, Australian Catholic University, Banyo, QLD, Australia; Australian War Memorial, Canberra, Australia


The focal point of a lens written onto a spatial light modulator can be translated laterally by displacement of the central location of the encoded lens function. We show that the beam can be translated by a fraction of a pixel, in contrast to the expected single-pixel limitation. This increases the positional sensitivity obtainable with this technique. Experimental results are presented.


PURPOSE: To promptly and efficiently judge and repair a fault accompanying power loss by responding to detection of the power loss by supplying power by an extra power supply to transmit message indicating the fault of power supply at least once. CONSTITUTION: A loop plant 10 is extended from a central station 12 and the central station 12 is the terminal of a line cable 14 connected to each host digital terminal 16. Each host digital terminal 16 is connected to plural optical network units 18 with an optical fiber wiring cable 20. When the fault of a circuit occurs here, for example, in one of the optical network units 18, a first method to supply power is to supply power with a copper wire parallel with an optical fiber 20 from a point far away from the optical network units 18. A second method is to install local power supply, that is, to access the power obtained from a local power plant at a point adjacent to the optical network units 18. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO


The article aims first of all to retrace the evolution of some paths of social mobilization around precariousness in Italy. The basic assumption is that such condition cannot be reduced to a sociological or economic category, but rather constitutes a ground for trade union organisation and political claims. I will articulate this analysis into two historically distinct moments on the basis of the ways in which precariousness has been described and opposed. Compared to a first moment in which the rise and narration of new working subjects took the centre of the stage, it seems possible to identify a second kind of mobilisations in which – while maintaining an alternation between specific disputes and general movements – the issue of precariousness spilled over and involved bio-political aspects as social reproduction and self-determination. Therefore, the forms of protest are also transformed: in the final part of the article I will try to clarify the main features of the social strike experiments that have occurred in Italy in recent years.


When Michelangelo invented the leg endary finger of God in his Creation of Adam (Fig. 1), he gave visual form, as it has been said, to the Digitus paternae dex ter ae, to the very finger of God as instru ment of salvation in the medieval hymn that became part of the Roman rite, Veni Creator Spiritus.1 We are so taken by the singularity of Michelangelo's vision of God's finger (and of Adam's, in his image and likeness) that we all too easily over look the manner in which Michelangelo evokes the spirit of God. The word spiritus means "breath" or "wind," and, in this con text, we should see that when Michelan gelo envisions the majestic, billowing, wind-swept drapery of God and the flow of wind through his hair and beard, he makes visible the very wind or spiritus of the Creator Spiritus. There is another aspect of Michel angelo's conception of God at the moment of the creation of Adam that also escapes attention. Traditionally, when artists por trayed God creating Adam, they represent ed the Creator standing upon the very earth from which Adam was born: witness the


This paper investigates the relationship between real GDP growth and oil price shocks in Germany using a number of VAR models. Various non-linear oil price speciflcations are considered, the use of which is now widespread in the relevant literature. As a contribution to this discussion a new speciflcation based on a Markov regime switching approach is introduced. Furthermore, a number of structural break and speciflcation tests are applied. The key flndings are: (1) the new oil price speciflcation is appropriate in both empirical and theoretical terms and allows for a non-arbitrary, data driven distinction between \large" and \normal" oil price movements. (2) The observed impact of oil price shocks can essentially be explained by a small number of large oil price increases. (3) The relationship has changed considerably over time, with strong evidence of a structural break in 1986.


In this paper we use a simple two-period model in which government's preferences are private information to show that a tough monetary stance may help in bringing inflation expectations to lower levels even if the fiscal side of the economy is not in good shape. True, a restrictive monetary policy leads to higher debt levels and potentially to higher expected inflation (fiscal dominance effect). But, on the other hand, it also allows a tough-type government to separate itself from a lax-type one in the eyes of the public (signaling effect). A feature of the model is that inflation and inherited debt are not necessarily positive correlated for all levels of debt. Concretely, the high debt levels Lula's administration inherited from FHC´s term in office (the so-called "damned heritage") may have helped the former to signal to markets its degree of inflation aversion.


The general valence force constants and vibrational amplitudes have been evaluated for the metal hexahalo species of groups IV -VI elements using recent infrared and Raman spectral data. The results are employed to study the trend of variation among different species as well as the influence of cations on the relative stiffness of the chemical bonds. It has been found that the chemical bonds in the environment of a cesium cation are stronger than those of a tetraethylammonium cation.


Using single-target on-axis sputter deposition, Y Ba2Cu3O7-x films, with flatness oriented in the c axis and a zero-resistance temperature (Tco) of 89 K, were prepared by an in situ growth technique. This work examines the effect of the growth temperature on the properties of in situ films. The experimental results show that high-quality YBa2Cu3O7-x films can be obtained by controlling the substrate temperature in a range from 680oto 690oC. In addition, a new parallel-circuit model is proposed and a simulation of the resistance versus temperature curve is presented.


Abstract : LONG-TERM GOALS. The long-term goals of the Principal Investigators are to continue the development of theory and technology needed to resolve the forward and inverse problems in fisheries acoustics. OBJECTIVES. To combine acoustic backscatter models with empirical measurements to investigate the utility of multi-frequency data when estimating target size, and when attempting to recognize and discriminate acoustic targets.


In the past decade, many techniques ranging from statistical methods to complex artificial intelligence systems have been proposed by implementing their application to an electric system and highlighting its performance; usually providing a measure of accuracy like RMSE over a definite period. However, there is little research in which a fair comparison among methods is demonstrated, and it is difficult to determine which method would be better suited to a particular electric system or data set. This paper analysis one of the forecasting models running at the National Transport Operator of the Spanish system (REE), which is based on both autoregressive and neural network techniques. The results of this paper help to determine under which circumstances each of the models shows a better performance, which periods are more accurately forecasted by each model and provide valid criteria to choose one or the other depending on the characteristics of the application.


As a government activity in managing financial affairs, public finance is mainly embodied in the income and payment of finance. There exists a question of moderate scale when any government manages financial affairs. Therefore, there are different principles of managing financial affairs as the result of the diferent control of finance and the way of determining the scale. This paper tries to start with the financial experience of China and foreign countries, emphasizing the leading role of government in managing financial affairs under the conditions of planned economy and market economy. By theoretical analysis, this paper expounds the reason why the principle of arranging payment according to income becomes important under the condition of planned economy, the unfitness of the above principle for market economy, and certainty and feasibility of the principle of arranging income according to payment under the condition of market economy.


Due to their high lipophilicity and strong electron‐withdrawing property, more and more attention has been paid to introducing trifluoromethylseleno and fluoroalkylseleno moieties into organic molecules. In this short review, we categorize the synthesis of compounds that combine selenium and fluorinated moieties into two main types: trifluoromethylselenolation (CF3Se) and fluoroalkylselenolation (RfSe except CF3Se). This review aims to provide a summary of the recent advances in direct C‐H trifluoromethylselenolation and fluoroalkylselenolation from the synthesis of trifluoromethylselenolation and fluoroalkylselenolation reagents to their application. Based on the method of how the RfSe group was introduced, the main content is divided into three parts: transition‐metal‐free reactions, transition‐metal‐mediated/catalyzed reactions and photo‐catalyzed reactions. The general substrate scope, mechanism and limitations would also be discussed so that we hope the review will serve as an inspiration for further research in this appealing research field.


Abstract We investigate a canning problem (Golhar and Pollock [2]) to study the effect of a reduction in process variance on the production cost. Exact and approximate relationships are developed for cost reduction as a function of economic parameters when the fill is a normally distributed random variable and process settings are optimized.


The principle, object and method of depleted brine in ionic membrane system were introduced. After comparison of vacuum dechlorination and dechlorination process by air purge process, the effects was improved and high quality chlorine gas was also recycled by vacuum dechlorination, and the economic profits was great.


This study aimed to find out the critical thinking patterns of students in the argumentative essay, explain and explore students' arguments that contain critical elements. This study used the content analysis method. Data was obtained from argumentative essays written by first-year students of Brawijaya University who took Indonesian Language courses. The total of data was 90 posts. Data collection was done by assignments and interviews. Data was analyzed using data analysis procedures from Cresswel. Three critical thinking patterns were found in the student's essay, namely pattern I (Inference-Evaluation), and pattern II (Analysis-Evaluation), pattern III (Interpretation-Evaluation). In pattern two, there were four pattern variations while there was only one pattern in patterns I and III. The results of this study indicated that students' critical thinking patterns were oriented towards analytic thinking, namely analyzing various phenomena by revealing evidence and reasons to draw logical conclusions. The pattern found can be used as a reference for writing lecturers in developing students' critical thinking skills in higher education This study aimed to find out the critical thinking patterns of students in the argumentative essay, explain and explore students' arguments that contain critical elements. This study used the content analysis method. Data was obtained from argumentative essays written by first-year students of Brawijaya University who took Indonesian Language courses. The total of data was 90 posts. Data collection was done by assignments and interviews. Data was analyzed using data analysis procedures from Cresswel. Three critical thinking patterns were found in the student's essay, namely pattern I (Inference-Evaluation), and pattern II (Analysis-Evaluation), pattern III (Interpretation-Evaluation). In pattern two, there were four pattern variations while there was only one pattern in patterns I and III. The results of this study indicated that students' critical thinking patterns were oriented towards analytic thinking, namely analyzing various phenomena by revealing evidence and reasons to draw logical conclusions. The pattern found can be used as a reference for writing lecturers in developing students' critical thinking skills in higher education


* About the Editors * Contributors * Foreword * Acknowledgments * Introduction: Toward an Ethic of Hospitality * Theory: Beyond Persuasion--Theorizing without Violence * Chapter 1. Social Construction As Practical Theory: Lessons for Practice and Reflection in Psychotherapy * Persuasion As Pervasive * Providing a Conversational Arena * Social Construction * Meaning As Relational * From Method to Daily Engagements (Performances) * Social Construction As Practical Theory * Chapter 2. Therapy Theory After the Postmodern Turn * Our Postmodern Turn * The New Vision of Affirmative Postmodernism * Creating Paralogy * Summary and Conclusion * Chapter 3. Collaboration Within a Pragmatic Tradition: The Psychotherapeutic Legacy of William James * Introduction * If There Was a Jamesian Clinical Tradition ... * Pluralism, Skepticism, and Radical Empiricism--What Might This Mean for a Collaborative Therapy? * Empirically Informed Therapy * Pragmatic Clinical Practice * Conclusion * Chapter 4. Knowing More Than We Can Say * Postmodern Discourse * Trying to Face the Unsayable * Into the Therapist * Toward Practice * Chapter 5. On the Way to "Presence": Methods of a "Social Poetics" * Mutual Responsivity * From Fixity to Fluidity, from Entanglements to Self-Respect: Conversational Ethics * Orienting Images and Examples: Methods of a Social Poetics * Conclusion: The Conversational-Poetic Stance * Therapy: "Knowing-With" in Therapeutic Practice * Chapter 6. Relational Attunement: Internal and External Reflections on Harmonizing with Clients * Four Ways of Knowing * Slowing Myself Down to Stay Closer to Clients' Meanings * Being Transparent * How Can I Help? * Ways to Ask for Feedback * Closing Moments * Chapter 7. Talking About "Knowing-With" (Like A Team!) * Chapter 8. A Room of Their Own * Initial Formulation and Application of the Intervention * Subsequent Applications of the Intervention * Theoretical Possibilities: Space, Status, and the Struggle for Recognition * Alternative Applications * Chapter 9. Young People and Adults in a Team Against Harassment: Bringing Forth Student Knowledge and Skill * Working As Adults with a Team of Young People * Stepping Back As Adults * Discovering Student Knowledge * Passing on Student Mediation Knowledge * Team Building * Future Planning and Directions * Trust * Chapter 10. Knowing-With: Moral Questions of Relationship * First Vignette * Second Vignette * Third Vignette * Final Thoughts * Supervision and Training: Relational Practices in Supervision and Training * Chapter 11. Countercultural Therapy: An Attempt to Match Pedagogy to Practice * Chapter 12. Introducing Social Constructionist and Critical Psychology into Clinical Psychology Training * Introduction * Contexts for Training * Practice Examples in Academic Teaching * Chapter 13. Storying Counselors: Producing Professional Selves in Supervision * Introduction * Counselor Author-ity in Supervision * Some Problems with Developmental Assumptions * Multiple Voices: Producing Possibilities for Practice * Sharing the Cloak: Relational Responsibility in Supervision * Stories for Action: The Work of Supervision * Chapter 14. Power, Gender, and Accountability in Supervision * Historical Context * Mentoring or Monitoring? * Constructions of Power in Supervision * The Project * Findings and Discussion * Conclusion * Chapter 15. Respectful Super-Vision: Avoiding Relational Violence * Deconstructing Super-Vision * Our Supervision History/Herstory: Does It Have Anything to Teach Us? * Preferred versus Nonpreferred Supervisor Adjectives * More Questions to Consider * What Does All This Mean? * Concluding Remark


We have investigated the structural stability and electronic properties of Sn nanocrystals (NC) and nanowires (NW) using generalized gradient approximation (GGA) applied within the framework of density functional theory. The β-Sn is found to be more stable than α-Sn for NC/NW. The ground state properties such as lattice parameter, bulk modulus and pressure derivatives have been calculated for all the nanostructures. The bulk modulus analysis indicates towards the softening of material at reduced dimensions. Interesting results have been observed in the electronic properties of these nanostructures, where β-Sn NW is showing semiconducting behavior whereas its NC is metallic in nature.


In this book, we study the photoexcitation-photoemission processes in oxidized porous Si and nanoscale-Si particle-embedded in Silicon oxide system and we verify the use of more than one type of photoluminescence mechanism model used for describing the photoluminescence in this system. For this study the photoluminescence is considered due to photoexcitation and recombination of photo-carriers in nanoscale Si/SiO2 system, in nanoscale Silicon partcle, in luminescence centers (defects and impurities) in Silicon oxide layers surrounding the nanoscale Silicon particle and in both the nanoscale Silicon particle and luminescence centers. We did some calculations and developed a model to verify the multiple mechanism models to describe the PL in the system in to consideration. The book will be of fundamental help to those who want to master the PL mechanism in silicon Nan particles and study the quantum effects on the Luminescence behaviour of semiconductor materials.


This experiment studied the effects of four different soil pH values (3.4, 4.4, 5.5, 6.6) on the growth and enzyme protection system of Sedum aizoon L. by simulating soil acidification. Results showed that: Sedum aizoon L. grew best in the control soil. With the decrease of soil pH, plant height and aboveground fresh were gradually inhibited, but mild stress (pH 5.5) could promote the growth of root length and increase the aboveground fresh, while moderate and severe stress could inhibit its increase. When the soil pH was in the range of 4.6 - 6.6, the activities of SOD,CAT, APX, GR, soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline and mad in the plant increased significantly, but the relative electrical conductivity of the root system was not significantly different from that of the control. After the soil pH was lower than 4.6, except APX activity continued to increase, SOD, CAT, GR activity and soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline content decreased significantly, and root relative conductivity and MDA content increased significantly, which indicated that severe soil acid stress would reduce root protective enzyme activity, cause osmotic adjustment imbalance, and lead to slow or even stop plant growth.


In Search of Our Frontier by Eiichiro Azuma is one of the most ambitious and expansive studies yet undertaken in the field of Japanese migration history, including those conducted within Japan. Azu...