Abstract The control of a supply chain becomes more and more complex. The actions and operations of the different parties need to be coordinated in order to control the supply chain in an efficient way. The concept of 'Intelligent Product' can play an important role in this challenge. The intelligent product searches actively for the needed services offered by (intelligent) resources. The Holonic Manufacturing Execution System developed at K.U.Leuven makes use of this concept to control the internal logistics of a manufacturing system. Because of the active role of the intelligent products, the HMES is scalable and can coordinate beyond organizational boundaries. The paper explains the intelligent product concept and indicates the advantages of this approach by describing how a cross-dock can be controlled and integration with the inbound and outbound vehicles can be achieved.


Estimation of cell proliferation and apoptosis are in focus of instrumental methods used in modern biomedical sciences. Present study concerns monitoring of functional state of cells, specifically the development of their programmed death or apoptosis. The available methods for such purpose are either very expensive, or require time-consuming operations. Their specificity and sensitivity are frequently not sufficient for making conclusions which could be used in diagnostics or treatment monitoring. We propose a novel method for apoptosis measurement based on quantitative determination of cellular functional state taking into account their physical characteristics. This method uses the patented device -- laser microparticle analyser PRM-6 -- for analyzing light scattering by the microparticles, including cells. The method gives an opportunity for quick, quantitative, simple (without complicated preliminary cell processing) and relatively cheap measurement of apoptosis in cellular population. The elaborated method was used for studying apoptosis expression in murine leukemia cells of L1210 line and human lymphoblastic leukemia cells of K562 line. The results obtained by the proposed method permitted measuring cell number in tested sample, detecting and quantitative characterization of functional state of cells, particularly measuring the ratio of the apoptotic cells in suspension.


It is shown by analysing the Schrieffer-Wolff transformation in the Hartree-Fock approximation that the finite conduction electron polarization obtained from the s-d model is spurious.


Mediating languages and cultures teaching culture and language culture studies and foreign language teaching after World War II culture in German foreign language teaching area studies in the German Democratic Republic "Background Studies" in English foreign language teaching interculturalizing the French education system young people's perceptions of other cultures stereotypes in intercultural communication developing transcultural competence culture and "hidden culture" in Moscow cultural reference in European textbooks presenting distant cultures world studies and foreign language teaching relating experience, culture and language the acquisition of cultural competence the observation diary from integrative studies to context theory intercultural pedagogy intercultural learning at school language education across Europe.


As freeform optics become more prevalent, it is important for manufacturers to have flexibility when fabricating such optics. Traditionally, QED's Magnetorheological Finishing (MRF™) machines have used a raster toolpath to polish optics that lack rotational symmetry in either their aperture shape or surface form. However, a spiral toolpath may be desirable for a variety of reasons: to achieve a tighter edge exclusion, to correct rotationally-symmetric features, or to polish high- NA optics that may exceed the half-angle limits of raster polishing. In this paper we present a new spiral toolpath polishing capability for surfaces that have circular apertures but have a surface form that lacks rotational symmetry. This enables rotationally polishing freeform optics, such as off-axis parabolas (OAPs) and toroids, in addition to tilted plano surfaces or wedged (non-centered) spheres. We will explain the capabilities of this new polishing mode and present initial polishing results.


Abstract This article suggests that contemporary philosophy of science can significantly increase our understanding of behavioral research methods. In particular, it illustrates this contention by showing how selected methodological ideas in the philosophy of science can deepen our understanding of the widely used method of exploratory factor analysis.


Ample research evidence establishes that conditions in severely depressed neighborhoods undermine both the quality of daily life and the long-term life chances of parents and children. Policymakers and practitioners working to improve well-being and economic mobility in poor neighborhoods generally agree on the need for integrated approaches. Traditionally, many of these interventions have either adopted a place-based or a people-based strategy.


This report describes the operation and use of the LLL Automated Message Processing System (AMPS), which is used for off-line preparation of messages for SACNET (Secure Automatic Communications Network). The preparation of teletype messages before AMPS required typing on a teletype to create a paper tape in ASCII code compatible with SACNET. AMPS uses a MCS-80 microprocessor, CRT with keyboard, and a teletype to create the SACNET messages. Through processor control and CRT edit capabilities, through-put of the system was increased about 50 percent. 11 figures.


The study examined the spatial distribution of the informal sector activities engaged in by women in rural areas of Jigawa state by means of taking inventory of these activities with a view to ascertain whether there is any variation between the villages and analyse and explain the factors or reasons for this. Ten settlements were randomly picked after initial stratification of the study settlements according to the four cardinal directions: North, south, west and east .Stratified random sampling was used to select a grand total of 270 samples proportional to the population of the sampled settlements. Field observation and the focus group discussion were used to collect information. The data collected was analysed through the use of descriptive statistic and the chi square statistical technique. The result of the study shows that the informal types of activities engaged in by women  can be categorised into four major types namely; arts and crafts, farming , processing and petty trading, with petty trading( 41%) being the dominant. The chi square analysis shows significant difference in investment and profit across the study settlement. The recommendation of this paper is that women need to be educated on new methods / innovation in the marketing/production of goods and service meant to add value, expand production and increase profits and income. In addition women need to be assisted by government and stakeholders with soft loans to expand their business or start a business of their own.


In this paper we shall survey the new advances of research of some problems in Lagrange interpoltion approximalion and raise some new problems. The main topics are the convergence and divergence of the sequence of Lagrange interpolating polynomals, the simultaneous approximation to a differentiable function and its dirivatives by Lagrange interpolating polynomials, and the approximation of functions by modifing Lagrange interpolating polynomials.


In the article the author studied approaches to understanding the concept of mother tongue, examined the concept of language, which person understands, defined the essence and content of the right to the usageof mother tongue or language, which the person understands, in the judicial proceedings. Author analysed the existing base of legal sources, which establish and guarantee right to usage of mother tongue or language, which the person understands,in the judicialproceedingsby studying the provisions of general and special international legal treaties and national legal acts for the purpose of analysing the completeness of securing and guaranteeing the researched right in different types of the judicial proceedings and for all of their participants. There were determined the gaps in the national legislation concerning the establishment and guarantee of the right to usageof mother tongue or the language, which the person understands, in the judicialproceedings. On the basis of those gaps the prospects for further scientific research were formulated.


The invention relates to a method for preparing a star-shaped biodegradable shape-memory-polymer nano composite material. According to the shape-memory composite material, POSS and isocyanate chain segments are taken as a hard phase, and poly-D,L-lactide and polytetramethylene ether glycol are taken as a soft phase. The method for preparing the shape-memory composite material comprises the steps of firstly preparing polyhedral silsesquioxane, of which eight vertexes are provided with hydroxyl groups, initiating the ring-opening polymerization of D,L-lactide with polyhedral silsesquioxane so as to prepare star-shaped POSS-PLA of a certain molecular weight, and then, coupling to polytetramethylene ether glycol through diisocyanate, thereby forming a three-dimensional reticulated copolymer. The shape-memory composite material prepared by the method has the characteristics of strong deformation holding ability, high shape recovery rate, good shape memory performance and repeatability, biodegradation and the like; furthermore, due to the adding of inorganic nanoparticle POSS, the recovery stress of a shape memory polymer is increased.


Over the last decade, a growing amount of attention and popularity in the industry has been focussing on implementing Behavior-Based Safety Programs (BBSP). With that popularity has come impressive changes in how people work, incident rates, and costs. The goal of this survey was to compile and summarize existing site reviews, critiques, and experiences with BBSP and identify key elements that are recommended to achieve a successful program. The results, in general, showed that BBSP appear to be associated with impressive changes varying from improved Total Recordable Incident Rate (TRIR) to a significant decrease in the frequency of at-risk behavior. Specific guidelines and lessons learned from this survey are discussed.


The 21st century is the times of talent competition. To train the students with the certain vocational skills to meet the market needs, English teaching in higher vocational institutes is significant. Currently, it is an important task for vocational education to train the specialized talents who can proficiently use English in market economy.


The picture of the monetary policy transmission mechanism in Poland emerging from the latest report is consistent with the findings of the previous research. We confirm a greater role of bank credit in the monetary policy transmission mechanism than in the past as well as the currently small importance of the exchange rate for economic activity and markedly smaller impact of exchange rate fluctuations on inflation than in previous decades. From the point of view of the tasks of the central bank, the most important finding from the empirical research that was carried out is that we do not find evidence to believe that the period of historically low interest rates caused a decline in the effectiveness of the transmission of monetary policy impulses or led to banks taking on excessive risk, with negative consequences for financial stability that this would entail.


The development of immunotherapy drugs, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has changed the environment of cancer treatment tremendously by providing efficacious therapeutic options for many cancer patients. However, only a minority of patients experience durable clinical benefit and increasing evidence has linked the efficacy of ICIs to tumor cell heterogeneity, the complex tumor immune microenvironment and their interactions, which remains poorly understood, particularly in the tissue context. Recent advances in spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) has provided great opportunity to better understand spatial tumor-immune interactions. In this study, we obtained public and in-house SRT data on a total of 136 tissue sections across 11 different cancer types, representing to date, the largest collection of SRT on human cancer. Sample and spot-level quality filters were applied, batch effects were assessed and properly handled. High-quality SRT data were pre-processed uniformly to comprehensively interrogate the spatial heterogeneity and architectures of the 3 major compartments (malignant, stroma, and immune) as well as relationships among them. Transcriptome data was integrated with region- and/or spot-level annotations from pathologists. For regions enriched with malignant cells, we inferred somatic copy number alterations, clonal structure of tumor cells, and profiled the transcriptional hallmarks of intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) including a number of curated gene sets and meta-programs, and systematically characterized tumor cell heterogeneity under the spatial modality. We observed a great variation in aneuploidy levels and transcriptome profiles within and across patients and cancer types and notably in molecular processes regulating tumor cell responses to stress, hypoxia and interferon signals and other key processes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In addition, we performed cell-type deconvolution analysis using available tools including RCTD and cell2location, based on expression of curated cell-type specific gene signatures, we inferred levels of immune infiltration in each tissue section in both tumor core and invasive edges, and classified tumors into "cold", "warm", "hot", and "mixed" immune phenotypes. We further quantified the abundance and spatial distribution of stromal cells and key TME structures such as tertiary lymphoid structures and lympho-myeloid aggregates, as well as their spatial neighbors with oncogenic features which revealed multiple interesting interplay patterns. Together, this study provide novel insights into our improved understanding of spatial tumor heterogeneity and tumor-immune interactions and revealed potential exploitable targets, and great resource for the community.
 Citation Format: Guangsheng Pei, Jingjing Wu, Enyu Dai, Yunhe Liu, Guangchun Han, Jian Hu, Fuduan Peng, Kyung S. Cho, Jiahui Jiang, Daiwei Zhang, Ansam F. Sinjab, Boyu Zhang, Shumei Song, Junya Fujimoto, Luisa M. Solis Soto, Anirban Maitra, Jaffer Ajani, Mingyao Li, Humam Kadara, Linghua Wang. Pan-cancer characterization of tumor-immune interactions using spatially resolved transcriptomics [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6766.


The article is dedicated to the guilt narrative in Lesya Ukrainka's "Cassandra" (1907). The purpose of the research is to trace how this narrative gets actualized and how it functions on different textual levels and from different optic standpoints: linguistic, mythological, social, and philosophical. The core principle of analysis is a holistic approach that makes a versatile, multi-level and multi-vector interpretation of the text possible, so, this is attracting it within a wider European cultural and philosophical context and changing the horizons for its interpretation. It is pointed out that guilt narrative is a through one, and it gets specific cultural contexts, intertextual connections, sense models and linguistic embodiments at each of the researched levels. Hence, it may be said that different aspects of this narrative are relatively autonomous and can be viewed as absolutely different and self-sufficient linguistic and semantic fields. The linguistic level of guilt brings you into the problem field of the spoken and unspeakable, a cognitive dissonance between the said/unsaid and perceived. The mythological aspect of guilt introduces the context of ancient (hence, all Western European) literature, shows the procedural nature of the mythological and literary image of Cassandra. The social aspect of guilt makes indubitable the antinomy of individual and social, victim and self-sacrifice, the problem of Other and Otherness, as the reverse side of self-identification. The philosophical dimension of guilt is disclosed in the background of re-interpreted myth phenomenon, anthropological dimension of mythological and literary connections. It is emphasized that the researched aspects complement and deepen each other at the same time. It is directing the through narrative of guilt from classical ancient literary interpretations of the myth about Cassandra towards the modern European re-interpretation of the very concept of the myth, from the ancient myth history to the universal human code. And Lesya Ukrainka's "Cassandra" is not just exemplifying an attempt of making a literary search, the researcher's and writer's interest in the ancient materials, and also constitutes a way of personal myth manifestation and the search of Ukrainian national identity via the European context.


People with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) spend many hours each year on self-care activities. They are often isolated and find it difficult to access trustworthy information online. T1resources.uk fills this gap: it is the first of its kind to provide a curated library of resources created for and by people with T1DM. The website is co-curated, with equal healthcare professional and peer representation and input. It signposts its users to pre-existing digital material, having first ensured their safety and usability using a robust review process. The website is low-cost, maximising on social capital. It houses a comprehensive range of resources that vary from peer blog posts to pdf files of sick-day rules. Each resource is catalogued under easy-to-navigate categories to make self-care as straightforward as possible. Since its launch in September 2016, over 7,500 users have accessed the website and feedback has been very positive both from healthcare professionals and people with T1DM.


While migration and population displacement has always been part of the human experience, the context within which it occurs today has materially changed. Migration has become an important part of economic globalization and closely related to countrieś development process. Conflicts, poverty, natural disasters and climate events are also forcing people to migrate in an ever-increasing number. For many low-income countries with large number of internally-displaced people, on the other hand, the high economic costs are making it more difficult for them to invest in SDG implementation. Developing countries also host most of the externally-displaced people at high economic costs, which similarly affects their ability to achieve the SDGs. The political costs of hosting large number of refugees in developed states have also been significant in recent years, particularly in the aftermath of the 2015 European Refugee Crisis. The refugee crisis triggered intense politicization of migration and sharp rise in anti-immigration sentiments and support for populist parties in many countries of the region, leading some governments to tighten their borders, introduce more restrictive immigration policies and retreat from multilateral migration efforts. There is at the same time growing recognition that population displacement and migration is a contemporary global challenge that can only be solved through effective multilateral cooperation. In this context, it becomes important for states to build on the current nascent governance architecture such as the Global Compact on Refugees and the Global Compact for Migration so that the benefits of migration and population displacement can be more effectively harnessed for the achievement of the SDGs. JEL Classification: F22, Q01


We present an adaptive Kalman filter based channel estimation and prediction algorithm for multicarrier systems with time-varying mobile radio channels. We prove that for a widesense stationary uncorrelated scattering channel in which P plane waves superpose at the receiver antenna, each current/future sample of the channel transfer function can be represented as a linear combination of at least P past channel transfer function samples. Based on this result, a vector auto-regressive model is used to model the dynamics of the time-varying mobile radio channel. The adaptive Kalman filter initially uses a state transition matrix derived from the Jakes' model for the temporal correlation and the one-sided exponential power delay profile for the spectral correlation between the channel transfer function samples. Afterwards, the state transition matrix of the adaptive Kalman filter is periodically updated by computing the correlation between the estimated channel transfer function samples. It is shown that the periodical update of the state transition matrix results in a significant prediction performance improvement over the one based on the correlation estimates using the Jakes' model and the one-sided exponential power delay profile. Furthermore, the proposed adaptive Kalman filter yields a satisfactory performance when used as an interpolation filter in the frequency domain even for cases where the channel transfer function is sampled at sub-Nyquist rate.


Objective To know the condition of contamination and disinfection quality of gastrointestinal endoscopes in hospitals of Guangdong Province in order to provide basis for improving the disinfection quality.Methods On-the-spot selective examination method was used to carry out examination of gastrointestinal endoscopes after used and after disinfection in 32 hospitals of Guangdong Province.Results In hospitals of Guangdong Province,the average total count of bacteria contaminating the biopsy channels of gastrointestinal endoscopes after use was 209000-263000 cfu/channel,that contaminating gas-water supplying channels was 197000-316000 cfu/channel and that contamination biopsy clamps was 865-1560 cfu/piece.A total of 11 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,6 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 4 strains of Escherichia coli were detected.The eligible rates of biopsy channels,gas-water supplying channels and biopsy clamps of the gastrointestinal endoscopes after disinfection in third-grade general hospitals were 45.45%,43.94% and 52.17% respectively.The eligible rates of biopsy channels,gas-water supplying channels and biopsy clamps of gastrointestinal endoscopes after disinfection in second-grade general hospitals were 68.57%,48.57% and 75.86% respectively.The eligible rates of biopsy channels,gas-water supplying channels and biopsy clamps of gastrointestinal endoscopes after disinfection in special hospitals were 42.10%,15.79% and 9.09% respectively.Conclusions Microorganism contamination of gastrointestinal endoscopes after use in hospitals of Guangdong Province was heavy and the eligible rate after disinfection was low.


With the great development of the automobile industry and transport,surge in traffic accidents have become serious problems for management.Dealing with traffic accidents scientifically and making a correct identification are important issues for us.This paper indicates the current status of China's traffic accidents,research methods and research status;introduces one of factors causing traffic accidents-vehicle safety performance,points out the operation process of safety performance technology expertise for accidental vehicle,project selection and information recording,is able to control the identification process,so that the identification work quality and efficiency can be greatly improved and enhanced.


The key to machinery troubleshooting is a systematic approach. Unsystematic methods such as trial and error approaches are inefficient and could be damaging and dangerous. Systematic methods, if properly used, can result in fewer machinery upsets, quick and correct responses to changing conditions (in machineries and a plant) and a long-term profitable operation. It is important for machineries (such as compressors, turbines, pumps, fans, etc) to maintain safe, reliable, and continuously operated for short- and long-term success of a plant.


In order to describe the evolution of a quantum system that is coupled to a reservoir, a non-phenomenological Kraus map is constructed. At time zero, system and reservoir are not entangled. In the perturbative series for the density operator of the system all reservoir correlation functions are factorised into products of pair-correlation functions. This allows for a resummation of the perturbative series up to infinite order. The density operator can be expressed in terms of an auxiliary system operator that satisfies an analytically tractable integral equation. Hence, the difficulties caused by integral kernels of Nakajima-Zwanzig type are circumvented. Assuming an interaction between system and reservoir of the Jaynes-Cummings form, one shows that the Kraus map is capable of generating Rabi oscillations of a two-level atom. If the reservoir is a continuum, the Kraus map reproduces the Wigner-Weisskopf theory of spontaneous emission.


Since the year of 1840,comparing with the one of traditional history,the field of modern history has had a profound change in historical view,historical writing content,and historical writing form.These changes resulted both from the drastic changes in the social conditions and interaction between the old and new academic culture.The 80-year course of modern history can be broadly divided into three phases.(1) From 1840 to 1846,this phase is the period during which the history of saving the nation from dying and ensuring its survival was developed greatly under the stimulation of national crisis.(2) From 1870 to 1890,this phase is the period during which the Constitutional Reform and Modernization of 1898 was brewed and the theory of evolution and the modern views of historical change were disseminated.(3) In the beginning 20 years of the 20th century,this phase is the period during which the feudal monarchy was collapsed and the New History was advocated and promoted.


To evaluate the pathophysiology of altered cortisol secretion in patients with primary adrenal hypercortisolism cortisol secretion was investigated in 1 2 patients, seven with an unilateral adenoma and 5 with ACTH -independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIM AH ) compared with age- and gender-matched controls and with patients with pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism. Pulsatile secretion was increased two-fold (P= 0 .0 4 ), attrib utab le to increased event frequency (P= 0 .0 0 2 ). All patients showed a signi(cid:147) cant diurnal rhythm with a delay phase shift of 3 h (P= 0 .0 1 ). Approx imate entropy ratio, a feedb ack -sensitive measure, was increased compared with controls (P= 0 .0 0 0 0 3 ), b ut similar to that of pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism (P= 0 .7 7 ), denoting loss of autoregulation. Cortisol b urst-mass tended to b e smaller in patients with AIM AH than in unilateral adenoma (P= 0 .0 6 ). In conclusion, increased cortisol secretion in patients with primary adrenal Cushing(cid:144)s syndrome is caused b y ampli(cid:147) ed pulsatile secretion via event frequency modulation. W e speculate that partial preservation of secretory regularity and diurnal rhythmicity point to incomplete autonomy of these tumors.


The Kramers-Kronig (KK) receiver, applicable in fiber-optic communications, can reconstructs a complex-valued signal from detection of its intensity, and thereby greatly reduce the receiver complexity to a single photodiode. Here, a single-laser photonic-wireless millimeter-wave communication system based on the KK scheme is proposed. We use the high-order sideband modulation of the Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) to obtain the two difference frequency components f1 and f2 required by the KK scheme with only a single laser. In addition, combined with virtual carrier technology, only one laser is required at the transmitter. The proposed single-laser scheme significantly simplifies the transmitter compared with the traditional dual-laser and three-laser schemes. For proof of concept, we demonstrate a 120 GHz photonic-wireless link using QPSK and 16QAM modulation, which can achieve 60 Gb/s QPSK and 120 Gb/s 16QAM transmission in the simulation environment.


Rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are considered as potential secondary battery technology for grid-scale energy storage system due to their reliable safety and low cost. However, limited cathode materials with superior rate capability and cyclic performance is still the main bottleneck restricting its further development. Herein, a hierarchical honeycomb-like Mn3O4@MnO2 core-shell architecture is proposed as the robust cathode material for ZIBs for the first time. The electrochemically active MnO2 and the honeycomb-like nanocomposite particles are beneficial to fast ion transport and storage, moreover, the encapsulated MnO2 shell can function as the buffer to suppress the volume expansion of the active material, ultimately enhancing the reaction kinetics and electrochemical performance of the Mn3O4@MnO2. Significantly, the Mn3O4@MnO2 nanocomposite delivers a high discharge capacity of 165 mAh g-1 at a high current density of 2 A g-1, which is almost two times as high as the pure Mn3O4 (87 mAh g-1). The capacity retention (76.3% after 600 cycles at 1A g-1) is also superior to the Mn3O4 cathode (48.7%). Furthermore, the Zn//Mn3O4@MnO2 battery possesses a 1.83V-high open-circuit voltage. These ideal results suggest that the hierarchical honeycomb-like Mn3O4@MnO2 core-shell composite is a promising cathode material for high-performance aqueous ZIBs.


Oncogenic human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are obligate mucosal pathogens and typically cause localized infections. The mucosal surface of the genital tract also provides the first line of defense against genital HPV infection. Although local antibody production following HPV‐infection has been demonstrated, their role in protection from cervical disease is unclear. This study evaluated oral and cervical HPV infection and the associated linkage between HPV‐16 oral, cervical and serum antibody responses in 103 women with varying grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). We found that HPV‐16 was the most prevalent cervical HPV infection (30/103, 29.1%) but was only detected in 1.1% (1/91) of the oral samples. Both the frequency and magnitude of HPV‐16‐specific cervical IgA was significantly elevated in women with CIN 2/3 compared with women with CIN 1 (P = 0.0073 frequency; P = 0.0045 magnitude). Women with cervical HPV‐16 infection had significantly higher magnitude and frequency of cervical HPV‐16 IgA responses than women without cervical HPV‐16 DNA (P = 0.0002 frequency; P = 0.0052 magnitude). Despite our contention that mucosal HPV‐16 antibody responses within distinct mucosal compartments may be linked, the concordance analysis carried out within and between mucosal compartments and serum suggests that no such linkage exists and that these compartments may be functioning independently of one another. An HPV‐16 specific antibody response in one mucosal compartment in women with CIN is therefore not predictive of a response at another. J. Med. Virol. 79:1375–1380, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


A new accelerated algorithm to solve the single-facility minisum location problem is developed. The acceleration is achieved using a feedback factor. The proposed algorithm converges faster than the accelerating procedures available in the literature. Being nearly as simple as the classical Weiszfeld procedure, the new method can easily be implemented in real applications. Practical subroutines dealing with special cases in the minisum problem are also provided.


The higher vocational education of Yueyang cooperates with the west. They utilize educational resources each other to have complementary advantages and common edvelopment.The higher vocational education of Yueyang is being urged by the personnel demand and sufficient source of students at present in the west.With the high-quality higher vocational education teaching equipments,the places,and excellent teachers, Yueyang send the personnel for the west to meet demands of western economic development.


SARS-CoV-2 enters the body at mucosal surfaces, such as the nose and lungs. These events involve a small number of virions at these mucosal barriers and are therefore a strategic point to stop a COVID-19 infection before it starts. Despite this, most vaccines against COVID-19 are being injected into the muscle where they will not generate the highest levels of mucosal protection. The vaccines that are approved for use in humans are all replication-defective (RD) mRNA, DNA, or adenovirus (Ad) vaccines that do not amplify antigen transgenes. We developed single cycle adenovirus (SC-Ad) vectors that replicate antigen genes up to 10,000-fold in human cells, but that are disabled from producing infectious Ad particles. We show here that SC-Ad expressing the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein produces 100-fold more spike protein than a matched RD-Ad-Spike vector. When Ad-permissive hamsters were immunized with these vaccines by intranasal (IN) or intramuscular (IM) routes, SC-Ad produced significantly stronger antibody responses as compared to RD-Ad against the spike protein that rose over 14 weeks after one immunization. Single IN or IM immunizations generated significant antibody responses in serum and in bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs). IN priming, but not IM priming, generated HLA-restricted CD8 T cell responses in BALs. SC-Ad-Spike generated antibodies that retain binding to spike receptor binding domains (RBDs) with mutations from new viral variants. These data suggest empowering the genomes of gene-based vaccines with the ability to amplify antigen genes can increase potency. This may be particularly advantageous when applying mucosal vaccines to combat mucosal pathogens like SARS-CoV-2. One Sentence Summary Arming adenovirus vaccines with the ability to replicate vaccine antigen genes may increase potency for systemic, or more importantly, mucosal immunization against mucosal pathogens.


Australian immigration policy has traditionally been justified as a means to ensure national security and promote economic development. Neither of these rationales retains much contemporary force. A larger population is no longer regarded as critical to Australia's defensive capacity, and the quest for economic development, synonymous with aggregate growth, has been superseded by a concern about per capita growth performance. While humanitarian and cultural justifications for immigration have been advanced, they are either restricted in scope or contentious. Currently, the programme is operating on a large scale without a clear rationale. The purpose of this work is to investigate the economic consequences of immigration, and so consider whether the economic rationale may be recast in an alternative form. In this chapter, the existing literature is reviewed and a strategy for carrying the analysis further is outlined.


This paper presents Contory, a middleware specifically deployed to support provisioning of context information on mobile devices such as smart phones. Contory integrates multiple strategies for context provisioning, namely internal sensors-based, external infrastructure-based, and distributed provisioning in ad hoc networks. Applications can query Contory about context items of different types, using a declarative query language which features on-demand, periodic, and event-based context queries. Contory allows applications to utilize different provisioning mechanisms depending on resource availability and presence of external infrastructures. This paper illustrates our approach along with its design and implementation on smart phones.


Based on data of trade, foreign dircet investment (EDI), economic development and environmental conditions in China's 30 provinces (Cities) between 1990-2002, this paper studies the impact on Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) by trade and FDI in China. The results show no direct impact on EKC by trade on the one hand. However, trade contributes significantly to economic growth, and played a positive role in introducing advanced pollution prevention technology and environmental management methodology to China. A proactive trade policy will help solve the environmental pollution problem brought by economic growth. There is positive correlation between FDI and pollutant emission, indicating that FDI has negative influence on environment in China due to hasty introduction of foreign capital and inadequate environmental management system in China.


"My final prayer: O my body, make of me always a man who questions!" (Frantz Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks) Staging an inquiry into the nature of origin, experience, and meaning, Charles Johnson's Middle Passage scrutinizes the structures of identity and the role writing plays in the re-configuration of the self. Middle Passage confronts fundamental assumptions about human and literary identity and problematizes these assumptions by means of allusion and appropriation, which subvert - and, through subversion, re-vitalize - textual authority. Examining "how race ... figures into how we give form, in literature and life, to our experience," the novel is what Johnson calls "art that interrogates experience" ("Philosophy" 55). Referencing Melville's sea-adventure, Homeric peregrination, Platonic parable, and Cartesian dualism, Middle Passage simultaneously and contradictorily acknowledges its debt to preceding Western writing and defines itself against it. As it narrates Rutherford Calhoun's evolution from unreflective lassitude to an awareness that enables him to cross the "countless seas of suffering" forgetful of himself, the novel maintains a primary focus on its own status as text, its own textuality (Johnson, Middle 209). It exposes the roots of human "being," complications of African-American experience, and the position that writing occupies in relating experience, enacting consciousness, and performing its own self-consciousness. Standing at the crossroads of these questions of identity and the difficulties such questions present, Johnson's phenomenological re-configuration of writing - formulated in Being and Race and other essays - supplies the theoretical framework for his fiction and provides the critic valuable insight into the methods and meanings at work in Middle Passage. As the title Being and Race suggests, and as Johnson makes explicit, the intersection of consciousness and experience is identity. For Johnson and for Middle Passage's protagonist, Rutherford Calhoun, that identity is the precarious "middle" experience of the African-American: offspring of the middle passage, refugee from an uncertain origin, subject to the marginalization of his experience, searcher for meaning. Situating his work within the tradition of Edmund Husserl and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Johnson notes that "each new story teaches us what a story can be, which underscores for a serious artist the necessity of approaching racial and social phenomena in a humble, patient spirit of listening and letting be whatever the world wishes to say to us" (Being 122). Johnson writes in order to approximate what Husserl calls the "question [of] what cognition can accomplish, the meaning of its claim to validity and correctness, the meaning of the distinction between valid real and merely apparent cognition" (Idea 20). Such a project depends upon the analysis of the tensions between structures of being, a delving into the status of subjectivity (and objectivity); such a project demands an active, dynamic, fluid re-interpretation of that which seems to be stable and established (that which is "real"). Johnson questions the structures of human and literary identity by testing the capabilities of binary opposition, dualism, and abstraction to contain meaning and experience: "Our faith in fiction comes from an ancient belief that language and literary art - all speaking and showing - clarify our experience" (Being 3). By situating this questioning within the sphere of African-American experience, he radicalizes this faith and makes innovative demands on writing to show and speak the complexities of experience, consciousness, and change. As Jonathan Little has noted, Johnson's "phenomenological and metafictional techniques work to deform and defamiliarize experience (spiritual or literary) to achieve revelation and transcendence" (148-49). Taken in this light, Johnson seems to take the expansive and yet tentative epigraph to Middle Passage (attributed to St. …


A cosmetic composition comprising scopoletin as an active ingredient is provided to increase collagen biosynthesis of fibroblast and expression of integrin associated with interaction between skin matrix and skin cells without skin irritation, thereby improving skin wrinkle and elasticity. A cosmetic composition for preventing skin aging comprises 0.0001-10.0 wt.% of scopoletin(7-hydroxy-6-methoxy coumarin) represented by the formula(1) or its derivative which has antiviral activity and is isolated from plants including Morinda citrifolia. The cosmetic composition is formulated as solution, suspension, emulsion, paste, gel, cream, lotion, powder, soap, surfactant-containing cleansing, oil, powder foundation, emulsion foundation, wax foundation or spray.


This paper introduces our design of Indoor Location Based Service System. The system is a client-server system. The client is an Android application. The app determines the user's current location with smart phone sensor values. Among the smart phone sensors, it mainly uses accelerometer and compass. It determines the user's moving direction with the orientation sensor whereas it counts steps by investigating accelerometer values. It is known that the average step length is 31 inches while the average stride length is about 62 inches. Therefore, with the number of steps and orientation, the system determines relative coordinates of the user's current location from the user's previous location. Based on the user's current location, the system provides useful information to the user.


Malodor is an unpleasant sense induced by overgrowth of malodor causing bacteria. These bacteria can produce volatile organic compounds from their normal metabolisms. To reduce malodor, good hygiene combined with antimicrobial agents are suggested resulting in lowering amount of foot odor-producing bacteria. Essential oils have many favorable properties including unique senses and antimicrobial activities. In this study, eight essential oils were tested against five malodor causing bacteria. From the results, lemongrass oil exhibited the lowest MICs and MBCs. Meanwhile, clove oil and cinnamon leaf oil showed lower potency than lemongrass oil. Therefore, lemongrass oil was selected to be developed self-emulsifying formulations for foot bath. Four surfactants were chosen to test the compatibility with lemongrass oil. Only Tween 20 and Span 20 gave clear appearance and no phase separation after mixed with the oil and they were combined to be used in the formulation. The highest concentration of lemongrass oil in the formulation was 40% w/w. Tween 20 and Span 20 were mixed at various ratios ranged from 50:10% to 10:50% w/w. After mixing with water, all formulations could be simply emulsified with the particle size of less than 200 nm and no phase separation was observed. The formulation containing 40:50:10% w/w of oil:Tween 20:Span 20 demonstrated the most potent antibacterial activity and its MICs and MBCs were lower than lemongrass oil alone due to the formation of very fine emulsion. This formulation showed promising potential for the development of foot bath self-emulsifying emulsion formulation to be used in Thai spa. Keyword: Essential oil, antibacterial activity, self-emulsifying, malodor causing bacteria, foot bath


Abstract Although multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions have been studied extensively using histology and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), little is known about diffusely abnormal white matter (DAWM). Diffusely abnormal white matter, regions with reduced mild MRI hyperintensity and ill-defined boundaries, show reduced myelin water fraction, and decreased Luxol fast blue staining of myelin phospholipids, with relative preservation of myelin basic protein and 2′,3′-cyclic-nucleotide 3′-phosphohydrolase. Because DAWM may be important in MS disability and progression, further histologic characterization is warranted. The MRI data were collected on 14 formalin-fixed MS brain samples that were then stained for myelin phospholipids, myelin proteins, astrocytes and axons. Diffusely abnormal white matter showed reduced myelin water fraction (−30%, p < 0.05 for 13 samples). Myelin phospholipids showed the most dramatic and consistent histologic reductions in staining optical density (−29% Luxol fast blue and −24% Weil's, p < 0.05 for 13 and 14 samples,respectively) with lesser myelin protein involvement (−11% myelin-associated glycoprotein, −10% myelin basic protein, −8% myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, −7% proteolipid protein, −5% 2′,3′-cyclic-nucleotide 3′-phosphohydrolase, p < 0.05 for 3, 3, 1, 2, and 3 samples, respectively). Axonal involvement was intermediate. Diffusely abnormal white matter lipid and protein reductions occurred independently. These findings suggest a primary lipid abnormality in DAWM that exceeds protein loss and is accompanied by axonal degeneration. These phenomena may be important in MS pathogenesis and disease progression, which is prominent in individuals with DAWM.


: Background: Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) with preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) have an incidence of adverse outcomes despite the previously presumed benign prognosis. Objective: We hypothesized that NT-pro-BNP could help refine the risk stratification of these patients. Methods: In this observational retrospective study, laboratory and clinical data were collected from 232 consecutive patients with ACS and preserved LVEF (> 50%) and no previous history of Heart Failure (HF) at hospital discharge. Associations between NT-proBNP and the composite outcome of HF hospitalization, HF diagnosis de novo, and all-cause mortality were assessed by univariate and multivariable Cox models. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata software, version 12.1 and a two-sided P-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The NT-proBNP median was 408 [IQR 177-853] pg/mL. Patients with increased NT-proBNP were older and were more likely to be female (P = 0.013), be non-smoker (P = 0.039), have worse renal function (P < 0.001), and have lower hemoglobin concentration (P < 0.001). They had more ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) and evolved with higher Killip classes (P < 0.001). Increased NT-proBNP levels were also associated with higher peak values of Creatinine Kinase (CK) and troponin (r = 0.36, P < 0.001 and r = 0.37, P < 0.001), higher left ventricular mass (P = 0.021), larger left atria (P = 0.013), and higher prevalence of regional LV hypocontractility (P = 0.012 to P = 0.090). During the 4.2 [2.1-5.4] years of follow-up, the composite outcome occurred in 19 patients. After adjusting for age, sex, and Killip class, NT-proBNP was not associated with the composite outcome (HR = 1.18; 95% CI: 0.78 - 1.78). Conclusion: Post-ACS patients with preserved LVEF and increased levels of NT-proBNP were older, had more comorbidities, and presented with a more severe myocardial infarction. However, NT-proBNP levels measured during ACS hospitalization did not predict the clinical adverse outcomes.


Customers want more digital experiences. Customers are demanding—perhaps even taking for granted—that their financial services providers deliver a seamless digital experience. This includes banking and financial management on mobile applications; more responsive, effective customer support that is both more digitized and more human; and more data-driven offerings that help them better analyze their financial status and plan for the future. The financial sector continues to be victimized by financially motivated organized crime— typically via phishing, use of stolen credentials, or ransomware. As a result, successful system intrusions in the financial services industry have doubled from 14% in 2016 to 30% in 2022.4 SOLUTION BRIEF


Terminating structures of the GaN{0001} films grown on nitrided sapphire(0001) substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) have been investigated by coaxial impact collision ion scattering spectroscopy (CAICISS). The analyses of incidence angle dependences of time of flight (TOF) spectra have shown that the surfaces of GaN films grown under both N-rich and Ga-rich conditions are (0001) N-planes terminated with Ga atoms. This implies that (0001), N-terminated surfaces of GaN films grown under these conditions are unstable and a Ga-rich condition is required to avoid the N-deficiency in the grown GaN film.


This paper studies a static output feedback control for linear time-varying collocated mechanical systems. The internal stability and L2 gain control performance conditions are first derived by utilizing specific system structures. Then we propose a controller design algorithm based on linear matrix inequality to obtain gain-scheduled optimal feedback gains. Simple numerical studies are shown and discussed.


In this paper we discussed an extension to security enhanced Linux (SELinux) to build a more available and secure system that has the capability to contain and mitigate denial of service (DoS) attacks by exercising rate control over resource usage. We presented an extended structure to compliment Mandatory Access Control policies of SELinux. Using this extension a system's resource usage by various entities can be kept under control, leading to a more available system.


We aimed to test the viability of modelling the elastic pad connecting a bee's wing to driving muscles as a spring and it was found this model works.


Between 2001 and 2012, the U.S. government sent 2.4 million soldiers to Iraq and Afghanistan (U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, 2012). According to Demers (2008), deployments affected both the soldier and the stay-behind wife (over 56% of the soldiers reported being married according to the Department of Defense, 2012). The couple's relationship may play an intricate role in identifying effects that a deployment could have on a stay-behind wife. Specifically, stay-behind wives may have both positive and negative experiences in response to prolonged separation from their husbands (Barker & Berry, 2009; Demers, 2008; Morse, 2006).


The 37th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Clinical Oncological Society of Australia was held November 2010 in Melbourne's new Convention Centre. The event included a variety of symposia and workshops together with the main scientific program based on the theme 'Cancer and Beyond'.


The Swastika, in Sanskrit literally meaning "good luck" and "well being", was first used and mentioned in the Vedas. While its name is Vedic, it appears in art and design throughout history.


In recent publications concerned in one measure or another with the criticism of a mechanistic application of laryngeal theory, Cowgill (Evidence for Laryngeals 111-112 A 2nd ed. 154, Lg. 39,252), Cardona (Lg. 37,418-419) and Rix (IF. 70,28, note 12) have expressed the opinion that the existence of a participle Irnain Indie is in no way a guarantee for the supposition of an underlying disyllabic root *(a)era in the Grundsprache since the majority of the attested formations from this root are overwhelmingly anit : rtaόρτός, drta ώρτο, ώρσε etc. They suggest quite sensibly instead that Irnahas been formed to the morph of the pres. ir-te, an idea first proposed by J. Schmidt in 1893 in KZ. 32,377 as Rix rightly observes. But however plausible this suggestion appears at first glance, an examination of the Indie evidence shows that it is nevertheless untenable. Primary and secondary roots of the shape (C)lC, (C)inC etc. derive their participles only in the form -ita-: id (itte): ld-ita-9 Ιέ (iste): ϊέ-it -, jlv: jlv-ita-, Aims: hims-itaetc., with the extension


Oxidative-addition reactions of Y 2 (Y=Cl, Br, I) to the quadruply bonded complexes Mo 2 X 4 (dppm) 2 (X=Cl, Br, I) produce the corresponding edge-sharing bioctahedral molecules Mo 2 X 4 Y 2 (dppm) 2 in high yield. All nine of these compounds are now available and have been investigated by infrared and UV-visible spectroscopy as well as by electrochemical methods


An intergrated nano-platform is designed to achieve in situ activation, monitoring and signal feedback of the caspase family evolution from upstream to downstream.


With the extensive availability of social media platforms, Twitter has become a significant tool for the acquisition of peoples' views, opinions, attitudes, and emotions towards certain entities. Within this frame of reference, sentiment analysis of tweets has become one of the most fascinating research areas in the field of natural language processing. A variety of techniques have been devised for sentiment analysis, but there is still room for improvement where the accuracy and efficacy of the system are concerned. This study proposes a novel approach that exploits the advantages of the lexical dictionary, machine learning, and deep learning classifiers. We classified the tweets based on the sentiments extracted by TextBlob using a stacked ensemble of three long short-term memory (LSTM) as base classifiers and logistic regression (LR) as a meta classifier. The proposed model proved to be effective and time-saving since it does not require feature extraction, as LSTM extracts features without any human intervention. We also compared our proposed approach with conventional machine learning models such as logistic regression, AdaBoost, and random forest. We also included state-of-the-art deep learning models in comparison with the proposed model. Experiments were conducted on the sentiment140 dataset and were evaluated in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 Score. Empirical results showed that our proposed approach manifested state-of-the-art results by achieving an accuracy score of 99%.


Large offshore platforms with vertical circular cylindrical hull shapes have been designed and employed in recent times. Classical spar platforms and mono-column concepts are just two examples of designs with such simple configuration, supposed to perform limited motion responses in waves. Reports on investigations on the occurrence of parametric resonance of spar platforms have been published recently in which the relevance of Mathieu amplifications have been assessed making use of different mathematical models. However, some uncertainties still remain on the influence of crucial design parameters as, for instance, metacentric height, draft/diameter ratio, associated damping and mooring system. In an attempt to clarify some of these aspects, in this paper the dynamic stability of a vertical cylinder in regular waves is investigated theoretically and experimentally. A coupled non-linear mathematical model is employed to model and simulate the coupled heave, roll and pitch motions. Theoretical aspects related to the development of resonant motions are discussed. In addition to the numerical and theoretical investigations, an extensive series of experiments with a model of a typical mono-column have been recently conducted at LabOceano. The findings of these investigations are compared and summarized.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


Objective:To compare the precision and concidension of the results from two kinds of automatic biochemistry analyzers.Methods:Dimension AR calibrates and adjusts according to its requirement.Beckman LX20 calibrates and tests with its own prototype reagent,with these two kinds of analyzers to test fifteen biochemistic guidelines from 180 patients and do the results with stastistic method.Results:Expect for albumin,all the results obtained form the two analyzers were not singnificant.Conclusion:With prototype reagent to maitain and adjust the instrument in time,constructing an united internal quality control system,the results among the instruments have significantion.


Background: Mobile phone culture has brought about a revolution in technology and people of all age groups (especially youngsters) have become greatly dependant on mobiles for various reasons. It has become an integral part of routine work of students who rely on mobiles for academic purposes also. This study was planned to evaluate the impact of mobile phone use on health and academic performance of MBBS students. Methods: It was cross sectional questionnaire based study in which 300 MBBS students were involved. Various questions regarding mobile usage, associated benefits and problems pertaining to academic activities and impact on health were filled and tabulated in ranges and percentages. Results: All the students involved in study used mobile phones and their usage ranged from 0.2-6.5 hrs on a working day and0.5-8 hrs on holiday. Many students reported increased academic performance with the help of mobiles whereas few students reported disturbance in class, impaired concentration and increased use of abbreviations in routine. Also, students reported certain health issues like changes in vision, pain in wrist, neck and preference to stay alone with use of mobile phones. Conclusions: Excessive use of mobile phones can have deleterious effects on human mind and brain. Plethora of physical, psychological and behavioural problems can be seen with long term use of handsets. With advancements in technologies, associated risks are also bound to increase. So judicious and wise use of mobiles is a must to avoid harmful consequences in youngsters especially students.


Abstract : The 2011 US National Strategy for Counterterrorism maintains the focus of the United States on pressuring al-Qaida's core, while emphasizing the need to build foreign partnerships and capacity. The strategy states that the US is engaged in a broad sustained, and integrated campaign together with the concerted efforts of allies, partners and multilateral institutions. Beyond al-Qaida, other foreign terrorist organizations threaten US national security interests. These groups seek to undermine the security and stability of allied and partner governments. Building strong enduring partnerships based on common understandings of the threat, the local culture, and common objectives is essential to every one of the strategy's overarching counterterrorism objectives, and the US endeavors to do so in the southern Philippines. In a remote province of the Southern Philippines, the Joint Special Operations Task Force-Philippines (JSOTF-P) has been working to support US national strategy in a whole-of-government approach fully partnered with the Government of the Philippines (GRP). The task force performs security assistance activities and foreign internal defense (FID) to combat the violent extremist organizations (VEOs) Abu Sayyaf, Jemaah Islamiyah, Moro Islamic Liberation Front and other groups in the area while working with USAID and other organizations to improve conditions, governance, and development in Mindanao. This dissertation is based on field work conducted in the southern Philippines to explore and compare how members of the US military, Philippine military and police, and populace of Mindanao understand Islamic beliefs and values, using anthropological research methods. This will shed light on the degree to which the task force shares an understanding of the local culture with its partners and populace and where any divergence of understanding may lie.


Whether in the science or language laboratory, carrying out health care procedures or demonstrating performance arts, faculty can improve skill evaluation through transparency and authenticity in exam construction, format, and grading.


By now it should be clear that states, acting frequently through international organizations and/or diplomatic conferences, produce the international law of human rights by concluding treaties and developing customary law. The resulting law obligates states, primarily. In Chapter 6 we examined state foreign policy against the background of the international law of human rights. But private actors can be important at both ends of this process, affecting legislation and implementation. This chapter starts with an analysis of non-governmental organizations and their advocacy of human rights ideas, which is directed both to the creation and application of human rights norms. Probably the best known of these groups is Amnesty International, but which over time may have lost some of its former status. This analysis is eventually set within the confines of social movements. Such actors push for more liberalism in the form of human rights protection in international relations. The chapter then turns to those private groups that are mostly called relief or development agencies, or sometimes PVOs (private voluntary agencies) or VOLAGs (voluntary agencies). A classic example is Oxfam. These private actors are crucial especially for grassroots action that directly or indirectly attends to social and economic rights. Most can be said to be liberal or pragmatic liberal actors, in that they emphasize policies for the betterment of individuals under legal norms, rather than emphasizing the collective national interests of states as pursued through the application of power. Chapter 8 addresses private for-profit actors, commonly called multinational or transnational corporations when they act across national borders. Private advocacy for human rights There are perhaps 250 private organizations consistently active across borders that take as their reason for being (raison d'etre) the advocacy of some part of the international law of human rights and/or humanitarian affairs on a global basis.2 From this group a handful have the requisite budget, contacts, expertise, and reputation to get the global traditional media and major governments to pay them at least periodic attention across a range of issues and situations: Amnesty International (AI), Human Rights Watch (HRW), the International Commission of Jurists, the International Federation for Human Rights, the International Committee of the Red Cross, Human Rights First, Lawyers Without Borders, Doctors Without Borders, Physicians for Human Rights, Anti-Slavery International, PEN (Poets, Essayists, Novelists), Article 19 (devoted to freedom of expression), etc.


One of the therapeutic options for the treatment of fulminant hepatitis is repopulation of intrahepatic regulatory cells because their pool is significantly reduced during acute liver failure. Although it is known that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which have beneficent effects in the therapy of fulminant hepatitis, may promote expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and regulatory B cells (Bregs), the role of these regulatory cells in MSC‐mediated attenuation of acute liver injury is unknown. Herewith, we described the molecular mechanisms involved in the crosstalk between MSCs and liver regulatory cells and analyzed the potential of MSC‐based therapy for the expansion of intrahepatic regulatory cells in mouse model of acute liver failure. MSC‐dependent attenuation of α‐galactosylceramide (α‐GalCer)–induced acute liver injury in mice was accompanied with an increased presence of interleukin (IL) 10–producing CD4+CD25+ forkhead box P3+ Tregs and IL10– and transforming growth factor β–producing marginal zone–like Bregs in the liver. Depletion of Bregs did not alter MSC‐based alleviation of acute liver failure, whereas depletion of Tregs completely abrogated hepatoprotective effects of MSCs and inhibited their capacity to attenuate hepatotoxicity of liver natural killer T cells (NKTs), indicating that Tregs, and not Bregs, were critically involved in MSC‐based modulation of acute liver inflammation. MSCs, in a paracrine, indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase–dependent manner, significantly increased the capacity of Tregs to produce immunosuppressive IL10 and to suppress hepatotoxicity of liver NKTs. Accordingly, adoptive transfer of MSC‐primed Tregs resulted in the complete attenuation of α‐GalCer–induced acute liver failure. In conclusion, our findings highlighted the crucial importance of Tregs for MSC‐based attenuation of acute liver failure and indicated the significance of MSC‐mediated priming of Tregs as a new therapeutic approach in Treg‐based therapy of acute liver injury. Liver Transplantation 24 687–702 2018 AASLD.


During the past thirty years,especially after China's reform and opening up,exchanges with English speaking countries in economy and science have increased rapidly,thus a large number of English-originated loanwords have entered into Chinese.Different from the previous ways of translation,the newly introduced loanwords are of distinctive features.This paper discusses the translation method,trend and features of English-originated loanwords in modern Chinese.


StagBL is an open-source parallel solver and discretization library for geodynamic simulation, encapsulating and optimizing operations essential to staggered-grid finite volume Stokes flow solvers. It provides a parallel staggered-grid abstraction with a high-level interface in C and Fortran. On top of this abstraction, tools are available to define boundary conditions and interact with particle systems.


A setup and algorithm for 4D tracking of microscopic particles is proposed. The particles in certain volume are detected automatically and their coordinates as well as magnitude and phase distributions saved. The saved data can be used to analyze the number, spatial distribution, size, speed and track of the particles. Calculations show that it is possible to measure the 3D position of a particle having a speed as high as 10 m/s. Experiments from 15 to 2000 fps show that high quality video reconstruction of 1 and 6 μm particle flow is possible at least upto particle density of 200 particles/hologram.


This paperdescribes themethods usedbytheteaching groupofpowerelectronics ad electrical drives ofElectrical Engineering andAutomation Department ofInstituto Supenror de Engenharia deLisboa (Portugal) toincrease theefectiveness ofexperimental training intheareasof industrial electronics andelectric drives. Itiswell knownthat theinterest ofnew students forelectrical engineering courseshasdecreased, all overtheworld, andsomeproactive actions have tobedonebyengineering schools inorder toincrease their attractiveness. Theapproaches followed bythis teaching groupwereintended toimprove thestudent enrollment and todevelop sustained competences intheelectrical engineer profile byafair balance between didactic tools andindustrial equipment. Ajudicious introduction ofindustrial material inlaboratory workcan bebothstimulating aswell asavaluable link tothe ral world. Theversatility andmoderate costofmodemintegrated powerelectronics modules, thecapacities of modeling andcontrol dedicated software, modern digital signal processorsand also thejudicious use ofindustry grade equipment, opened new challenges inexperimental raining.This setofequipment allows tobuild avariety ofconfigurable opensystems, with more orless complexity, that canbe explored atdifferent levels ofpowerelectronics andelectrical drives, fromthe powerstage tothe control fimctions, asexemplified inthis paper.


A number of methods can be used for the analysis of bridge structures. Some of these methods are well known, and some of them have been developed recently (e.g. N2 method, based on the push-over analysis and inelastic spectra). It has been realised that the appropriate method of analysis and the level of structural model simplification strongly depend on the regularity of the bridge. In general, simplified SDOF models can not be used for the analysis of irregular structures. Since the criteria for the regularity of bridges is not always clearly defined, an attempt has been made to define regularity indices. These indices could be the criteria for the application of the simplified elastic (single-mode-spectral method) as well as simplified inelastic method (N2 method) for the analysis of bridge structures.


Bamboo cropping period is quite short compared to wood, but fiber and bamboo pulp have not been optimally used as a substitute for wood in composite industry, such as fiber board. It is worth to be investigated because of the availability of wood is declining. Therefore, this research aimed at revealing the use of fiber and bamboo pulp (G. apus) for fiberboard. The study was conducted using bamboo fibers from bamboo strips cooked with soda process and bamboo pulp from chips of bamboo cooked with soda process and Kraft process. Composite of bamboo fiber is made with a variety of fiber weight fraction to the epoxy resin matrix. Furthermore composite of bamboo pulp is made under optimal condition for making fiber composite. Based on the test results, it is known that the quality of the bamboo fiber composite from bamboo strips cooked with soda process is better than the composite of bamboo pulp. Besides, the produced bamboo fiber composites can be categorized as the high-density fiberboard meanwhile for the aspect of water content, water absorption, length and thickness changes, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity are in accordance with applicable standard for fiberboard (SNI 01-4449 - 2006).


Abstract The three-dimensional flow field of a transonic high-pressure turbine stage has been studied experimentally in the von Karman Institute short duration compression tube facility. The test programme encompasses two Reynolds numbers (Re2,c = 1.0 × 106, 1.26 × 106) and three different pressure ratios (Po1/Ps3 = 2.3, 3.1, 4.1). The steady flow angle, pressure and temperature measurements rely on five-hole pneumatic probes and micro-thermocouples. Fast response pressure and cold wire resistance thermometer probes measure the unsteady pressure and temperature. The experimental time-averaged spanwise distributions are compared with steady state three-dimensional Navier-Stokes stage simulations; zones of secondary flows are identified in the spanwise distributions. The stage exit pitchwise traverses show that the stator exit flow field affects the stage exit flow. Downstream of the stator vane, large time-resolved static pressure fluctuations are identified, attributed to the variation of the origin, the incidence and strength of the stator trailing edge shock. At the stage outlet, large total temperature fluctuations appear owing to the periodic passage of the tip leakage flow. For the high-pressure ratio, the rotor is choked and large pressure and temperature fluctuations are recorded owing to the rotating rotor trailing edge shock system. Zones of high mixing (secondary flows) tend to attenuate these fluctuations.


Heat activated cooling provides an opportunity to recover and utilize wasted heat. In terms of thermal management of electronics, a heat-activated cooling cycle could be used to thermally manage a space such as a central computing facility. A microscale, fractal-like branching flow heat exchanger was designed and used to desorb ammonia from an aqueous ammonia solution. The fractal-like pattern employed in the present study was previously studied for high heat flux single-phase and two-phase boiling flow heat sink applications. For compatibility, the desorber was fabricated in 316 stainless steel. The desorber is compact, approximately 38 mm in diameter and 6.4 mm thick, and lightweight, weighing 20 grams. Heating was accomplished using Paratherm NF oil between 350 and 400 K. The mass fraction of ammonia in the strong solution inlet stream was 0.30 and the temperature was 300 K. Given a range of inlet solution mass flow rates between 0.42 and 0.92 g/s and oil flow rates between 1.67 and 10 g/s, the mass flow rate of vapor generated varied from 0.02 to 0.13 g/s. The mass fraction of ammonia in the exiting vapor stream varied between 0.8 and 0.96 while circulation ratios varied between 3.5 and 20. Heat exchanger performance is presented using LMTD and e-NTU analyses. Overall heat transfer coefficients ranged from 7500 to 15,000 for the flow rates and driving temperature differences investigated. The configuration of the desorbers is such that the oil stream can be introduced to flow parallel or counter to the ammonia solution stream. The nature of the microchannels is such that desorption occurs in a co-flowing manner, limiting the vapor mass fraction. However, the advantages of the present design are lightweight, compact, modularity and orientation independence.© 2007 ASME


A definition for the duration of an FM-discriminator click is suggested, and the probability distribution function of these click widths is approximated by a double integral over a bivariate Gaussian distribution. Numerical results for one case of interest are presented.


Hot-mix asphalt, Aging, Gilsonite, Indirect tensile strength, Bitumen. In hot-mix asphalt concrete, bitumen is used as the adhesive, and this material has a significant effect on the performance of mixed asphalt. In this study, Gilsonite, as a part of bitumen and modifier, has been studied in order to improve the performance of mixed asphalt. Indirect tensile tests were performed on hot-mix asphalt samples with different amounts of Gilsonite and aged for each of the samples with long-term aging, short-term aging, and non-aging. The results show an increase in tensile strength and vertical compressive stress due to increasing the amount of Gilsonite, also in long-term aging, the highest tensile strength and vertical compressive stress are obtained. In examining the results of toughness and fracture energy, aging reduces both.


The effects of the sintering temperature on properties of PTCR thermistor prepared by reduction-reoxidation process were investigated.The results reveal that the resistivities of ceramics before reoxidation are less than 10 Ω·cm in the range of sintering temperature from 1 215 ℃ to 1 295 ℃,while their grain sizes increase much faster with the increase of sintering temperature.After reoxidation,the resistivities and PTC jumps of ceramics were enhanced,and the increasing amplitudes decrease with the increase of sintering temperature.In addition,the higher reoxidation temperature resulted in larger resistivities and higher PTC jumps.


Grain size and clay mineral distribution up to 45 cm depth in the silty clay sediments from 26 box cores from 10° to 16° S along four longitudes (73.5°‐76.5°E) were studied for understanding spatial variability in the Central Indian Basin (CIB). It was observed that the average sand content in the basin is 3.8%, which decreases systematically and longitudinally to 0.3% towards south. The average illite and chlorite major clay mineral abundance also decrease southwards along the four longitudes from 10°S, and show the limit of influence of the Ganges‐ Brahmaputra river's supply up to 10° S. However, the average clay content increases from west to east in the basin, and southwards along 73.5°E and either side of the 76.5°E fracture zone (FZ), which strongly suggests the possibility of clay supply due to circulation of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) from the south through the FZ. The distribution of four clay minerals along 73° and 76.5° E FZ in the CIB shows dissimilar trends of increase and decrease, and indicate a mix environment in the basin. This study indicates that the FZ in the CIB has an important role in controlling the distribution of clay minerals.


To develop highly efficient and non-noble metal catalysts in solar-driven photoelectrochemical cells for water splitting and CO2 reduction is a tremendous challenge but there is a strong desire to accomplish it. Herein, CoP- and CoN-based porous nanocatalysts, which were in situ transformed from Co-based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-67), are reported as efficient co-catalysts for photoelectrochemical water splitting and CO2 reduction. The CoP wrapped with N-doped carbon (CoP/CN) nano-electrocatalysts, with high catalytic activity and stability for both the hydrogen (HER) and oxygen (OER) evolution reactions in situ coated with TiO2 nanowires (TiO2 NWs@CoP/CN), and the p-type Si nanowires (Si NWs@CoP/CN) strikingly promoted photoelectrochemical water splitting by serving as a photoanode and a photocathode, respectively, whereas CoN wrapped with N-doped carbon (CoN/CN) nanocatalysts presented excellent electrocatalytic activity towards CO2 reduction with a low onset potential, high selectivity, and good stability. It can be noted that CoN/CN catalysts-covered p-type Si nanowires (Si NWs@CoN/CN) also displayed high photoelectrochemical performance for CO2 reduction. The superior photoelectrochemical catalytic properties can be ascribed to the synergetic effect of the porous N-doped carbon network inherited from ZIF-67 and wrapped CoP or CoN nanoparticles as well as the superior interface achieved via the in situ growth method.


Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis is a rare form of cutaneous leishmaniasis characterized by an inadequate immune response of the host cells to parasitic invasion (weak T-helper (Th)1 response or Th2 response with the production of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10). The characteristic features of the disease include diffuse nodular eruption, masquerading as leprosy and a frequent association with immunosuppression (HIV co-infection, for example). The Russian Federation is a non-endemic country for leishmaniasis, but this disease can be brought into the country by tourists, immigrants, refugees and military personnel. A clinical case of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis and HIV co-infection is presented. The patient was a citizen of Uzbekistan, a country endemic for leishmaniasis. The authors were unable to find domestic scientific publications describing cases of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis detected in the Russian Federation. The presented clinical case of diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis in a patient with HIV is the first in the Russian literature.


Abstract : A novel method of achieving a matched radiating element in a phased array antenna over a wide scan angle has been investigated. This method has been applied in the design of an experimental linear array of 41 elements. Each radiating element consists of an open-ended waveguide driven by an end-on coaxial transition in conjunction with offset posts for the appropriate excitation of the two lowest order modes. The measured input VSWR over a 55 degree scan angle was less than 1.5 on this experimental linear array. This result agreed fairly well with the predicted value. In addition, no degradation on the array pattern due to edge effect was observed on the experimental array with all the elements matched over the 55 degrees scan range. (Author)


A quick look at the table of contents of this issue of Educação e Pesquisa reveals a strong presence of foreign authors in the articles gathered in it. Seven of the 14 texts come from other countries: five are Portuguese, two are from Spain, three from Mexico and four from Chile, in different co-authorships. Although they share some common topics, as we will see, all articles result from spontaneous submission by the authors, which evidences the increasing interest in our journal throughout Latin America and the Iberian Peninsula. Altrough part of this interest can be explained by the pressure on researchers to publish the results of their work in articles – a phenomenon of international nature – , it is also the acknowledgement of our work.


Extreme environmental conditions may negatively affect development animals which present behavior strategies in order survivor them. Insects present a wide range of adaptive behaviors that have allowed them to successfully respond to adverse climatic conditions by temporarily interrupting some of their activities or development. One of these behaviors is diapause. It is a gradual and progressive interruption in development or ontogeny of any organism in some phase of their lifecycle in order to survivor unfavorable environmental conditions that occur cyclically. The objective of this review is to give an overview of the current knowledge about diapause in stingless bees and future perspectives of study. It focuses on Plebeia Schwarz species because this behavior has been observed mainly in these bees. In this group of bees there is a stop in the provisioning and oviposition process in autumn/winter, called reproductive diapause. Besides the stop in brood rearing, other behaviors, as for example foraging, are modified. The mechanisms that induce the reproductive diapause are still unclear, but the evidence points out to the temperature and photoperiodism as the main drivers of this behavior.


The biopsy specimen (A) shows the whorled appearance of a silicotic lung nodule, consisting of concentric laminated collagen fibres (haematoxylineeosin stain, magnification 10 ). A higher magnification image (B) highlights clefts containing faintly visible silicate particles surrounded by macrophages and giant cells (magnification 20 ). u A 54-year-old man, formerly a smoker, presented with a 6-year history of chronic coughandexertionalbreathlessnesswithout previous respiratory illnesses. Born in Vietnam,hecametoAustraliaasa refugeeat the age of 20 years. A screening chest x-ray was performed on his arrival in Australia; as the patient was not informed about any abnormality, thiswas assumed tobenormal. He commenced work as a labourer; he denied exposure to silica-containing materials and did not participate in activities typically associated with silica exposure (such as jack-hammering) during this period. About 15 years later, the patient started a job manufacturing stone benchtops. He cut, ground,finishedand installed thebenchtops, using a popular brand of engineered stone comprising > 85% crystalline silica. Occasionally, he made benchtops from granite andmarble. During the first 7 years of this work, the patient did not use any respiratory protective equipment, but later used a simple paper mask. Despite some dust extraction facilities in the factory, he reported that the environment was visibly dusty and that dust suppression with water was hardly ever used.


A series of spherical FeCuK/SiO2 catalysts for slurry Fischer-Tropsch synthesis(FTS) were prepared by the spray drying method.The effects of incorporation manner of Cu on the crystallite structure,the reduction and carburization behaviors were studied by H2 temperature-programmed reduction(H2-TPR) and Mssbauer spectroscopy.The catalytic performances were evaluated in a slurry reactor under the industrial relevant reaction conditions of 250℃,1.5MPa,H2/CO=0.67 and a space velocity of 2.0L/gcat-h.The result indicated that the coprecipitated Cu was well dispersed in iron phase,which promoted the reduction,carburization of the catalyst and the catalytic activity.The addition of respective precipitated Cu suppressed the reduction and carburization of the catalyst.All catalysts were stable during 500h on stream.For the hydrocarbon selectivity,the addition of the coprecipitated Cu increased the selectivities of heavy hydrocarbons and olefins,and restrained the formation of oxygenates,compared with others.


In this paper we analyze the impact hedging longevity risk can have on a pension fund's funding ratio volatility and ALM strategy. Our model captures all relevant aspects of the ALM problem and is calibrated to industry statistics; however, we've sacrificed model complexity to make the solution more intuitive and presentable. Our main conclusion is that hedging longevity risk creates additional risk budget to be put towards more rewarding asset allocation strategies, thereby improving the overall ALM outcome of the modelled pension fund.

We show that at representative parameters for the risk and return on the balance sheet, and a range of realistic hedge prices, executing longevity hedges elevates the Efficient Frontier across all reasonable risk budgets. Therefore, implementing a longevity hedging strategy can improve the fund's Sharpe Ratio and ALM outlook considerably. This is especially true for funds with a low risk budget, e.g. when the funding ratio is close to 105%.

Our results are consistent with earlier work on this topic by Cocco and Gomes (2012), who demonstrate the benefits of financial assets designed to hedge shocks to the survival probabilities in a life cycle model with longevity risk. Our analysis differs since we focus on the pension fund rather than the household balance sheet, use a more extensive model for the financial market, have an explicit definition of the hedge instrument and use market information on the pricing of longevity hedges which lacks in.


This paper summarizes conceptual and empirical research on the effects of using private insurance as an instrument for regulating the risks of the chemical cycle. The paper reviews the following issues: (1) the institutional choices in regulation activities that may cause latent damage; (2) the insurability of pollution liabilities; and (3) the actual problems with using the pollution liability insurance market as a regulatory tool. Copyright 1986 by The Policy Studies Organization.


Results showed that the pathogen of soft disease in Flammulium velutipes was Cladobotrun varium. Its conidiophores were upstanding, with verticillate branches (3~6 sterigmata for each round). Conidia produced were ovoid, monocellular or bicellular, with the size of 7.5~18.75μm×6.25~12.5 μm. The optimal temperature and pH for mycelial growth was 20℃and 7, respectively. Spores germinated best at 15℃and pH=7, treated by 2%extracts of Flammulium velutipes. The most important period for the pathogenic infecting and developing was from the stage of scraping to budding of Flammulium velutipes.


The mouldy reason of plastics was introduced, and the application progress of anti-fungal technique was summarized in this paper. Further more, the application at the each phase of the product life period were also discussed.


Objective To investigate the effect of different doses of T-2 toxin at different time on oxidative/antioxidative of rats.Methods 128 Wistar rats were divided into four groups randomly,which was control group,T-2 toxin A group,T-2 toxin B group,T-2 toxin C group.The rats were fed on commercial grain fodder and grain fodder contaminated with T-2 toxin(100 ng/g,200 ng/g,300 ng/g) respectively.At the end of 3,6 month,the oxidation/antioxidation index were detected,which were total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA) in rat serum.Results In 3 month,the T-AOC levels in B and C group decreased(both P0.05),the GSH-Px level in A group increased(P0.05),while that in C group decreased(P0.05),the SOD levels in B and C group increased(P0.05),the MDA level in C group decreased(P0.05).In 6 month,the T-AOC levels in A and B group decreased(both P0.05),the GSH-Px levels in the T-2 toxin groups were no significantly different compared with the control.The SOD level in B group decreased(P0.05),the MDA level in C group decreased(P0.05).With the advancement of experiment,the T-AOC level in B group decreased markedly(P0.05),the GSH-Px level in A group decreased markedly(P0.05),the SOD levels in control group,T-2 toxin A and C group increased markedly(all P0.01),the MDA levels in four groups decreased markedly(all P0.01).Conclusions The oxidation/antioxidation indexes were affected by T-2 toxin.The T-AOC was the most obvious.The effect of different doses of T-2 toxin was different.With the advancement of the experiment,the oxidative damage induced by T-2 toxin was aggravated.


Summary Intestinal mucosa heparin (IMH) and beef lung heparin (BLH) were infused into dogs subjected to myocardial ischemia by intermittent coronary artery occlusions. The IMH was from a mixture of beef, sheep, and pig intestinal mucosa. Initial control occlusion and recovery was followed by a second occlusion with 60,000 units of IMH or BLH added. Electrocardiographic S-T segment elevations (ST) were measured acutely. There were no significant differences in ST in non-ischemic myocardium before occlusions or with occlusions. In ischemic myocardium, IMH significantly lowered control ST 84% in amount (t = 6.1 p <0.00005), and 76% in number (t = 11.6 p <0.00001). BLH lowered control ST a significant, lesser, 36% in amount (t = 3.6 p <0.008), and 35% in number (t = 3.2 p <0.01). The difference between IMH and BLH in ischemic myocardium was a significant 48% in amount (t = 4.0 p <0.0007), and 41% in number (t = 2.0 p <0.06). Myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were assayed after 90 min. ATP levels were 31% higher in both ischemic and non-ischemic myocardium in IMH-treated dogs than in BLH- treated. It was concluded that IMH and BLH are functionally different, and IMH was significantly more effective.


Two groups of 50 were selected from the patients surgically treated for idiopathic scoliosis in our Department in the period of 1975-1997. The groups differed in instrumentation used for correction of the spine curve, i.e., Harrington and Isola fixation systems, respectively, but were matched by age, sex, site and severity of the curve, number of vertebral segments fixed and characteristics based on the King classification. The comparison showed that the Isola system gave better results in terms of curve correction and its loss during 2 years following the surgery, duration of postoperative immobilisation and a number of complications.


Climatic factors are difficult to be analyzed because of their intrinsic unpredictability. For example, rain and wind occur in different intensities and in different nights each year. The objective of this work was to analyze the effects of the rain in the capture success of bats in an island in southeastern Brazil. A total of 31 sampling nights resulted in 2000 captures of 28 species, 1507 of which were obtained in nights without rain and 493 captures in rainy nights. The relationship between the total of captures and the species richness was observed for nights without rain as for rainy nights. The species richness and the capture efficiency in every night for all of the species were significantly higher for the nights without rain. The differences in feeding guilds were observed for the insectivorous species among the nights without rain and with rain heavy intensity, and nectar-feeding species among nights without rain and with rain intensities moderate and heavy. Heavy rain shows different effects in the bat species, generally inhibiting the activity or reducing the capture frequency


An experiment is described in which psychotherapists observed a videotape showing segments of a conjoint therapeutic assessment session with a father, mother, and son of 18 years. Prior to observing the tape the subjects received either negative information about the parents combined with positive information about the son; neutral information; or negative information about the son combined with positive information about the parents. The subjects were given the opportunity to "intervene" at six fixed points, by writing down exactly what they would say to each of the family members at that moment, and to describe their rationale in choosing a particular intervention. The behavioral interventions and the accompanying attitude were rated for amount of sympathy expressed toward each of the family members. It was predicted that the subjects would intervene in a relatively negative way and display a negative attitude toward the person about whom they had received negative prior information while positive prior...


Preliminary data show that the incidence of eye damage in COVID-19 reaches 32%, with a diverse range of clinical manifestations. Both the anterior segment of the eye (conjunctivitis, keratoconjunctivitis) and the posterior segment (retinal vascular thrombosis, neuritis, neuroretinitis) can be affected. The infection in children is diagnosed much less frequently than in adults, so ophthalmic manifestations have hardly ever been studied.Purpose: to present cases of congenital eye lesions in children born to mothers who had COVID-19 during pregnancy.Material. We present 4 clinical cases of ocular manifestations in newborns born to such mothers.Results. 4 variants of congenital ocular manifestations are reported. Clinical manifestations are listed, and treatment tactics for such patients is proposed.Conclusion. In order to timely diagnose, and choose the optimal treatment tactics of such conditions, thorough collection of case history and the ophthalmologists' awareness of ocular symptoms of COVID-19 manifestations is essential.


The silkworm did not appear poisoning symptoms after feeding pilot leaves through the residual toxicity test, there was no cumulative poisoning phenomenon and no delayed effect or delayed effect being weaker, the decomposition of Propoxur in the leaves was more completely, which could be promoted in the mulberry fields. The residual period of Propoxur under different environmental conditions changed in larger , the safety interval for silkworm of 8 percent Propoxur powder diluted to 1500 to 3,000 times under normal circumstances was18 days.


The thermalization rates after nonradiative transition from the electronically excited states are measured in organic solvents with a few picosecond time resolution by a peak delay method of the transient grating acoustic technique. We found that the thermalization rates of the S2→S1 and S1→S0 transitions of trans-azobenzene are faster than (2 ps)−1 and (16 ps)−1, respectively. The latter rate is determined by the relaxation rate of the excited state. Hydroxybenzophenone also shows two step thermalization processes. Most of the energy is released within 1 ps. The observed fast thermalization process is discussed.


With regard to the problem of great data loss rate in the multicast application in wireless mesh network,it is specially valuable to use the way of M2U(Multicast to Unicast) in which packet's MAC destination domain is modified in order that packet can be delivered to certain members of multicast group by unicast.With the increase of multicast group member,data loss rate is rising.In order to ensure the network performance not to be affected,M2UO(Multicast to Unicast Opportunistic Routing) scheme can be put forward,in which packet can be delivered to candidate nodes by unicast and to other nodes by multicast.A great many experiments in the real network indicate that the new scheme can decrease the packet lost ratio,can increase throughput and has a better video effect.


Abstract Perhaps the portrait has always had a special relationship with death. As an absent presence, a shadow that lingers after the sitter is gone, the portrait is fated to become a deathmask when the subject is no more. Representation preserves the dead who defy the ravages of the grave, but it also prematurely mortifies the living. From the moment of depiction, the portrait is a memento mori reminding its beholders of the subject's inevitable submission to change and decay. Encrypted into the portrait, death waits for its own eventuality — an occurrence that makes a likeness into a monument. Bodily likenesses and simulacra have always had a disquietening power. The art historian Ewa Kuryluk writes: 'In ancient India and Greece, contemplating one's reflection was considered perilous. Dreaming of one's reflection foreshadowed death to the Greeks'.1 A related fear survives in those cultures where to be filmed or photographed is to risk the appropriation of one's soul. Portraiture as resemblance, a form ...


The operation of an inverted-pendulum thrust stand to measure thrust for high-power steadystate plasma thrusters is presented. An extensive calibration procedure that characterizes the thrust stand response to thrust and forces induced by the interaction of current carrying conductors is discussed. Techniques are also described that reduce thrust measurement errors induced by thermal effects on the stand. Sensitivities of 3.00±0.32 mV/mN are achieved using a laser-based system to measure stand deflection. Data taken with the 30 kW Lorentz Force Accelerator with lithium vapor propellant operating at 500 A, 9.5 mg/s lithium flow rate and a 0.07 T applied field give a measured thrust of 265±48 mN and a nominal 20% thrust efficiency.


This paper reports the properties of cellulose nanowhiskers as new potential biomaterials. Cellulose nanowhiskers were produced from coconut husk fibres using four different anions of ionic liquids: 1-butyl-3-mehtylimidzalium chloride, 1-butyl-3-mehtylimidzalium acetate, 1-butyl-3-mehtylimidzalium bromide and 1-butyl-3-mehtylimidzalium hexafluorophosphate. The coconut husk fibre was chemically pretreated before cellulose dissolution. Morphology of the fibres under scanning electron microscopy showed that chemical treatment reduced much of surface materials on the fibres strand. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis determined that the reduced material was mainly lignin and the collected gel from the dissolution process is cellulose. Using Zetasizer Nano ZS the smallest cellulose obtained was 2.715 nm in diameter which was produced using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate. While high-resolution transmission electron microscopy determined the cellulose produced was in rod form. The best condition for cellulose dissolution for cellulose was obtained using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate IL at 60°C stirred for 90 minutes with 0.0126 mass ratio of fibres to IL.