This set of instruments is specially designed for uncapping the petrous apex, and for exenterating such part of its cellular structure as may be indicated in a given case. There are three gouges and four types of curets. The handles are especially long, and are so angulated as to enable the operator to reach readily the anterior surface of the petrous pyramid in the apex area or any other part after the temporosphenoidal lobe of the brain has been elevated. The gouges are 2.5, 3.5 and 5 mm. wide, respectively. The curets are upward cutting, downward cutting and forward and backward cutting. The forward cutting curet for the right side becomes a backward cutting curet for the left, while the backward cutting curet for the right side becomes a forward cutting curet for the left. With the curets we were able completely to uncap the anterior surface of the petrous


Water-soluble Type-Ⅱ CdTe/CdSe core/shell quantum dots (QDs) with high fluorescence have been synthesized using cysteine-capped CdTe as core template. The experimental results showed that the synthesis conditions including the synthetic temperature, size of core template and the molar ratios of core template to shell material played an important role in the photoluminescence (PL) of the as-prepared CdTe/CdSe core/shell QDs. The optical properties of CdTe/CdSe core/shell QDs were investigated by employing UV-Vis, photoluminescence and fluorescence decay spectroscopy. Under optimal condition, the PL spectra of CdTe/CdSe QDs could be continuously adjustable with the PL wavelength ranged from 586 to 753 nm with various reflux time, and the maximum PL QY was about 68% at room temperature. XRD, XPS and TEM were used to characterize the size, shape, and composition of CdTe/CdSe core/shell QDs.


The goal of the current study is to explore the possibility of correctly classifying movie transcripts into movie genres by means of a Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) based on a previous comprehensive multidimensional (MD) analysis of American cinema. MD analysis is a framework for describing the salient characteristics of text varieties by means of multivariate statistical techniques, notably factor analysis. Traditionally, MD analysis has been restricted to the study of register variation, being largely ignored in text classification research. In the MD analysis reported, a large genre-diversified movie corpus was tagged for lexico-grammatical features with the Biber tagger and the resulting factor scores were used as input for the DFA. The results showed that particular movie genres could be successfully predicted from the MD analysis, thereby lending credence to movie genre distinctions, while at the same time stressing the robustness of MD factor scores as reliable predictors of genre distinctions.


This paper proposes a novel EMG-based MyoBock training system that consistently provides a variety of functions ranging from EMG signal control training to task training. Using the proposed training sytem, a trainee controls a virtual hand (VH) in a 3D virtual reality (VR) environment using EMG signals and position/posture information recorded from the trainee. The trainee can also perform tasks such as holding and moving virtual objects using the system. In the experiments of this study, virtual task training developed with reference to the Box and Block Test (BBT) used to evaluate myoelectric prostheses was conducted with two healthy subjects, who repeatedly performed 10 one-minute tasks involving grasping a ball in one box and transporting it to another. The BBT experiments were also conducted in a real environment before and after the virtual training, with results showing an improvement in the number of tasks successfully completed. It was therefore confirmed that the proposed system could be used for myoelectric prosthesis control training.


In this chapter we emphasize how we can integrate Web-based sales systems for highly complex customizable products and services by making use of the descriptive representation formalisms of the Semantic Web. Building on the equivalence between the consistency based definition and the description logic based definition of configuration [1], we are capable of transforming our application domain-independent meta-model for modeling configuration knowledge [2] into the emerging standards of the Semantic Web initiative, such as DAML+OIL. Furthermore, we discuss how these standardized description languages can be used to derive capability descriptions for semantic configuration Web services.


Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) is a congenital multisystemic syndrome characterized by hypoglycemia and macrosomia, being the most common macroglossia, high weight at birth, omphalocele and visceromegaly. The present is the case of a five year-old girl with BWS who comes to the healthcare center to follow up of her pathology.


In this paper, we present a distributed hierarchical model predictive control (MPC) algorithm based on evolutionary game for formation control of multi-agent systems in environments with static obstacles. This algorithm is in a strategic-tactical structure for each agent's decision making. At the strategic level, the leader agent uses a predictive controller to obtain the optimal control input in the consideration of obstacle avoidance constraints. At the tactical level, by describing the formation problem in the framework of evolutionary game, each follower agent is capable of predicting its state by using distributed density-dependent smith dynamics with the guarantee of asymptotic stability of the Nash equilibrium point. The predicted positions are then sent to its neighbors, so that all the follower agents can make decisions simultaneously. Real-time collision avoidance between agents is addressed at the tactical level by including predicted neighbors' future position as a constraint in the optimisation problem. Finally, a numerical simulation is provided to verify the efficacy of the proposed algorithm in terms of both obstacle avoidance and collision avoidance.


The high-yield cultivation technique of Perilla frutescens (Linn.) Britt. in Yanbian area was researched. The results indicated that the fit relative water quantity of soil for the (emergance) of Perilla frutescens (Linn.) Britt. was 50%~80%; the fit seeding period was from April 20th to May 15th. Its high-yield cultivation density was linewidth 60 cm and row spacing 22 cm. Its high-yield fertilizer amount was N:120 kg/hm~2, P:80 kg/hm~2, K:60 kg/hm~2. The legumen amount of individual plant and divarication amount were major effects on its high-yield.


Dapagliflozin belongs to a new class of drugs used for the treatment of heart failure — sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i). Based on the DAPA-HF study results, dapagliflozin has become the first SGLT2i approved for the treatment of symptomatic chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The present review summarizes the most important clinical issues related to the treatment with this drug.


Objective\ The purpose of the prospective study was to examine the efficacy and safety of the lowest-dose amiodarone to maitain sinus rhythm in elderly patients with refractory atrial fibrillation.Methods\ Sixty-five patients with atrial fibrillation were given the lowest-dose amiodarone mean maintenance dose 84 mg/d~{!@~}34 mg/d to determine its efficacy to maitain normal state rhythm after chemical or electrical cardioversion.Thirty-nine patients had chronic and twenty-six patients had paroxysmal atrial fibrillation.Mean age of the study population was (70~{!@~}7) years,and the mean follow-up was (24~{!@~}13) months (range from 31 days to 46 months).Results\ Actuarial rates for maintenance of sinus rhythm were 87%,80% and 76% at 1,2 and 3 year,respectively.Thirty-three patients(51%) with arrhythmia recurrence had an increase in amiodarone dose,thirty patients(91%) were controlled in normal sinus rhythm again,and after a further follow-up period of more than one year in twenty-seven patients of them,85% remained in normal sinus rhythm.Actuarial rates for withdrawal because of adverse effects were 0,0.025 and 0.048 at 1,2 and 3 year,respectively.The adverse effects observed were thyroid toxicity (2 patients) and dry cough (1 patient).No death related to amiodarone occured during the study period.Conclusion\ The lowest-dose amiodarone has a high degree of efficacy for maintaining normal sinus rhythm in elderly patients with refractory atrial fibrillation,with a relatively low incidence of adverse effects nessitating withdrawal.


The notion of developing sustainable communities is generally accepted as a way to reduce the negative environmental impacts associated with human activities, increase the health of citizens, and increase the economic vitality of communities within a country. In order to further the development of sustainable communities, federal and local governments have placed significant attention upon designing sustainability and renewable energy technologies, such as photovoltaic (solar) and grey water recycling systems to reduce (1) fossil fuel based energy consumption, (2) water consumption, and (3) climate changing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated anthropogenic activities. The Pinoleville Pomo Nation (PPN) of Ukiah, CA, is an example of a Native American government and community that has embarked upon an infrastructure development program to design and build culturally appropriate, sustainable housing for its members. This paper describes the co-design methodology created by the authors to partner with communities that have historical trauma associated with working with outsiders on projects that involved substantial usage of engineering and scientific artifacts, renewable energy technologies for example, that have not integrated their value system or has been historically denied to them. As a case study, we present the lessons learned from a partnership with the Pinoleville Pomo Nation and UC Berkeley's Community Assessment of Renewable Energy and Sustainability (CARES) team to develop sustainable housing that utilizes sustainability best practices and renewable energy technologies as well as reflect the long-standing culture and traditions of the PPN. We also present the Pomo-inspired housing design created by this partnership and illustrate how Native American nations can partner with universities and other academic organizations to utilize engineering expertise to co-design solutions that address the needs of the tribes. As a result of this partnership, the Pomo-inspired house design was utilized to secure federal funding to create housing that will aid the PPN in their tribal sovereignty, economic self-sufficiency, and environmental harmony goals.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


Thiobacillus denitrificans was immobilized with Ca-alginate to produce pellet packing materials for a packed column biological fixed bed that controls hydrogen sulfide emission.The effects of operating parameters such as temperature,pH value,inlet gas concentration and flow rate on the removal efficiency were studied.The kinds and contents of metabolic products in the biological fixed bed were measured.The results showed that the optimal temperature and pH value required to remove hydrogen sulfide were 25-40℃ and pH=6.0-7.5,correspondingly the hydrogen sulfide removal efficiency greater than 90% if inlet H_2S concentration was below 6×10~(-5) mg/L,and pH value drop was insignificant in this fixed bed.The hydrogen sulfide removal efficiency was affected dramatically by the inlet gas concentration and flow rate.The biological fixed bed had a hydrogen sulfide removal efficiency remained above 95% when the inlet hydrogen sulfide concentration was below 3×10~(-5) mg/L at 35 L/h of flow rate.The element sulfur as a main product prevented acidification of the biological fixed bed,which maintained the stability of the operation.


Efforts to improve school readiness call for improvements in the professional qualifications of the early childhood workforce. It is critically important that these efforts are inclusive of a diverse workforce. Providers from diverse ethnic and linguistic backgrounds make up a sizable portion of the early childhood workforce, yet diversity continues to be disproportionally concentrated among providers with lower qualifications. This study examines the effect of a state-wide scholarship program on increasing qualifications for nondegree-seeking providers from diverse groups caring for children in early childhood settings. Data from two components of Oregon's Quality Rating and Improvement System for early care and education were linked with individual provider identification numbers (N = 1,783): the Oregon Child Care Professional Development Registry (PD Registry) and the state-wide Betty Gray Scholarship Program. Findings revealed that providers from ethnic and linguistic minority backgrounds had lower qualifications, on average, but also accessed scholarships at elevated rates. Scholarships were associated with modest increases in professional qualifications for all groups of providers but did not reduce the gap in qualifications between providers from minority and nonminority backgrounds. Implications for teacher educators who deliver training and/or education to providers are discussed. Directions for future research and programming related to qualifications of early childhood providers are also presented.


The study was conducted to determine the critical component of a Total Quality Management (TQM) Program. The objectives of this research were: (1) identifying the problems of TQM implementation and, (2) analyzing of TQM performace in PT Madu Pramuka. Data were collected from PT Madu Pramuka through an expert survey instrument. Data analysis was done through Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Results of this study indicated that the most important problem was the quality of raw material (honey) which were still under the standard. This is due to limited honey quality control tools. The TQM performance was not satisfying because it was only storage and packaging division used standard as the critical component of TQM.


This paper describes the rationale for and implementation of an experimental graduate-level cybersecurity ethics course curriculum recently piloted at the at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. This case study-based ethics curriculum immerses students in reallife ethical dilemmas within cybersecurity and engages in open dialogue and debate within a community of ethical practice. We uphold the importance of preparing students for a future that is truly unknown and uncertain and note that this requires a push beyond some established curricular guidelines for cybersecurity that underlie a rule and compliance-based approach to ethics education. Details of the course layout are offered as well as results from a student-evaluation survey.


The invention provides a coaxial opposite-rotation wing vehicle, and discloses a vehicle capable of running by utilizing wind energy, which can normally run relying solely on wind power, is not limited by wind direction and can also advance even under an upwind condition. The main structure for realizing work of the wing vehicle comprises components such as a gear set consisting of conical gears, a common rotating shaft sleeve, specially-shaped rotating wings and a vehicle body. When wind passes through rotating wings, the rotating wings are driven to rotate, and the entire vehicle is driven through a transmission device to advance. The stronger the wind is, the larger the kinetic energy for traveling of the vehicle is. Under the condition that the vehicle does not run, the transmission device can also be used for converting the kinetic energy of rotation of the wings into electric energy, so that the aim of energy storage of the vehicle is fulfilled; and the vehicle can automatically travel under the condition without external energy supply, is suitable for severe environments, meets the requirement of running under an untraversed condition, does not cause any pollution to environment and realizes zero emission.


China's Belt and Road Initiative could be treated ambiguously. On the one hand, it is intended to transform the newly acquired economic potential of that country into its higher status in the world. China invites a lot of nations to build up gigantic transit corridors by joint efforts, and doing so it applies productively its capital and technologies. International transactions in RMB are also being expanded. But, on the other hand, the Belt and Road Initiative is also a necessity for China to cope with some evident problems of its current stage of development, such as industrial overcapacity, overdependence on imports of raw materials from a narrow circle of countries, and a subordinate status in global value chains. For Russia participation in the Belt and Road Initiative may be fruitful, since the very character of that project provides us with a space to manoeuvre. By now, Russian exports to China consist primarily of fuels and other commodities. More active industrial policy is needed to correct this situation . A flexible framework of the Belt and Road Initiative is more suitable for this objective to be achieved, rather than traditional forms of regional integration, such as a free trade zone.


The paper evaluates the potentialities of Markov switching models (MS) in contagion analysis. We intend contagion as a break that produces non-linearities in the linkages among financial markets. The MS approach allows the detection of contagion in a more general framework since, differently from the previous literature, (i) the crisis period are endogenously defined by the MS model rather than arbitrarily and are specific for each country, (ii) we investigate the flight to quality effect, i.e. when the non-linear relationship among markets who implies a significant reduction of the link among markets during a crisis period, and (iii) we distinguish between short and long run breaks using Markov switching ECM models. We analyse the period of the Hong Kong stock market crash in 1997. The results show that (i) the relationship between developed markets strengthens, as that between the Hong Kong market and the US and European markets (i.e. contagion) and (ii) the factor loading of the error correction term shows a flight to quality effect suggesting that investors during crisis potentially ignore economic fundamentals.


Though outsiders to a profession often remark at how many acronyms, abbreviations, and jargon-laden expressions roll off of insider's tongues, those on the inside often find themselves staring at an abbreviation and wondering what it means. This is understandable, given that Siegfried Schwertner has listed a staggering 18,300 abbreviations in his recent edition of IATG3: Internationales Abkurzungsverzeichnis fur Theologie und Grenzgebiete (International Glossary of Abbreviations for Theology and Related Subjects). In this catalog, which has been building for decades, Schwertner aims for "a contribution towards the standardization of title abbreviations"(xiv).


OVERVIEW Carmona retusa is a popular ornamental plant cultivated in Hawai'i as a hedge or specimen plant. On Maui, C. retusa is observed in residential plantings, mostly in low elevation neighborhoods, such as Kahului, Wailuku, Lahaina, Paia, Haiku, and Kihei. Seedlings and naturalized plants are also commonly observed in landscaping areas and wild semi-wild areas nearby plantings. In one area in Waiehu, C. retusa forms a dense shrubby understory in a kiawe (Prosopis pallida) forest. This plant is fairly widespread on Maui and is probably beyond the eradication stage. Future efforts should be aimed at monitoring, preventing infestations in natural areas, and educating the public about harmful plants that spread beyond the confines of the garden.


This study case aims to offer the students an opportunity of experiencing relevant situations to the marketing context, from the management analysis of Rock Hamburgueria, an establishment that sells gourmet burgers in a competitive environment. The restaurant, opened in 2014 in Florianopolis, SC, Brazil by Melissa Andrade and Andre Fernandes, was profitable in its first year of activity, but has suffered a drop in sales, attributed to the increased competition in the industry and the economic crisis in the country. To outstand from the others, reach their target audience and achieve better results, the partners need to invest in marketing strategies, but given their limited capital to invest in the field, the partners are facing a dilemma: should they focus on traditional marketing or digital marketing actions? As a teaching tool, the case was developed to be used in graduate and undergraduate courses in Business Administration and Marketing. The discussion in the in Marketing Management and Digital Marketing courses includes topics such as marketing management and digital marketing.


The past 20 years have seen very significant developments in the use of haemopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) transplantation in the management of acute and chronic leukaemias, lymphoproliferative disorders, solid tumours, severe aplastic anaemia and inborn errors of haemopoiesis, immunity and metabolism. In Europe in 1973, eight teams undertook a total of 16 allogeneic bone marrow transplants, in 1983, 97 teams undertook 1353 transplants, and in 1995, 343 teams undertook 12101 transplants (Gratwohl et al, 1997). In 68% of these transplants the donor source was autologous rather than allogeneic. During this period a shift in emphasis has also occurred from bone marrow to mobilized peripheral blood as the preferred source of HPC for transplantation. In 1995, 79% of autologous transplants used peripheral blood stem cells, with the ensuing clinical advantages of a reduction in the duration of pancytopenia, a less traumatic harvest procedure which does not require a general anaesthetic and an overall reduction in hospital inpatient stay (Juttner et al, 1994). Early hopes that autologous peripheral blood HPC grafts might be less contaminated by neoplastic disease than those from bone marrow have not been sustained. Allogeneic peripheral blood HPC transplants are also increasing at the expense of bone marrow transplants (Russell et al, 1996). In association with the continued increase in the volume of HPC transplant activity and changes in the source of cells for transplantation, the next few years look set to witness a revolution in the extent and nature of ex vivo manipulation of HPC grafts and the introduction of novel cellular products into clinical trial and routine practice. Neoplastic contamination of the autologous graft has been shown to contribute to disease relapse in patients with acute and chronic myeloid leukaemias and neuroblastoma and several methods of removing contaminating malignant cells are under investigation. Clinical-scale isolation methods for CD34 progenitors are now marketed by several commercial companies and CD34 enriched cell preparations have been shown to effectively engraft in patients. Work by many groups internationally has led to clinical trials of grafts manipulated ex vivo to expand the number of HPC in the hope of reducing the period of pancytopenia. Other groups are studying the potential of HPC transplantation as a context for immunotherapy or as a vehicle for gene therapy. Finally, umbilical cord blood has been shown to be a satisfactory source of HPC for allogeneic transplantation in children and adults and several cord blood banks have now been established. There is concern that the rapid growth of this field has overtaken the availability of facilities which can handle these processes and products safely and that, as a consequence, the health of recipients is being put at risk. Microbiological contamination can occur at several stages in the harvesting (Farrington et al, 1994; Schwella et al, 1994), processing (Gregg, 1986; Lazarus et al, 1991; Froggatt et al, 1994) and thawing (British Committee for Standards in Haematology, 1994) of the graft and difficulty may arise in discriminating between clinically significant pathogens and laboratory contaminants (Prince et al, 1995; Jestice et al, 1996). These studies have also demonstrated that some species of bacteria and dermatophyte fungi can survive cryopreservation (Prince et al, 1995; Jestice et al, 1996). A recent report has described contamination of a cryopreservation tank and its contents following leakage of a hepatitis B positive harvest leading to subsequent transmission to other HPC transplant recipients (Tedder et al, 1995). A patient under the care of one of us (I.M.F.) undergoing transplantation with ex vivo cultured autologous peripheral blood HPC developed pyrexia and rigors immediately after graft infusion and demonstrated positive graft and blood cultures for Candida parapsillosis (Holyoake et al, 1997). The source of the graft contamination was unclear. As the number of harvests stored and the use of more complex laboratory manipulation increases, the potential for microbiological contamination also increases and the need for dedicated staff and properly managed clean room facilities becomes more pressing. Moreover, the introduction of techniques such as tumour purging, CD34 enrichment and ex vivo expansion require stringent quality control of the product together with scrupulous clinical follow-up to ensure that the viability and number of HPC in the graft are sufficient for reliable engraftment. The recent observation that dendritic cells in multiple myeloma contain the agent associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, KSHV/ HHV-8 (Rettig et al, 1997), further emphasizes the importance of rigorous safety standards. Some studies using cultured dendritic cell infusions as immunotherapy have already been started in multiple myeloma. A recent survey of processing and storage of HPC harvests by 75 European bone marrow transplant centres demonstrated wide variation in materials and methods and ignorance of the implications of good manufacturing practice and product liability (Elliott & McCarthy, 1994). Not surprisingly, the regulatory authorities in the U.S.A. and Europe have begun to show interest in this area. In February of last year the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research of the United States Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) (1996) issued a proposal for the regulation of HPC products. This distinguished between British Journal of Haematology, 1997, 99, 715–718


A major problem being confronted to our human society currently is that the global temperature is undoubtedly considered to be rising significantly year by year due to abundant human factors releasing carbon dioxide to around atmosphere. The problem of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide can be addressed in a number of ways. One of these is forestry and forest management. Hence, this paper investigates a number of current issues related to mitigating the global warming problem from the point of forestry view previous to discussion on ongoing real-world activities utilizing forestry specifically to sequester carbon.


Objective To observe the effects of self-made traditional Chinese medicine oil in prevention of radiation-induced skin injury. Methods Ninety-nine head and neck neoplasm patients who received radiotherapy were divided randomly into three groups: group A(34 cases), group B(33 cases) and group C ( 32 cases ) . Before radiation , group A was treated with self-made traditional Chinese medicine oil directly applied on the exposure field skin. After radiation , such medicine oil was continued to apply for three days at a frequency of three times a day till the end of the radiotherapy; group B was treated with medical radiation protection spray;group C was treated with moisture exposed burn ointment. The methods applied on group B and group C were the same as that of the group A. Results The inci-dence rate of radiation-induced skin injury of group A was 14.7%;while the incidence rate was 21.2%for group B and 46.9%for group C. The difference between group A and group B beard no statistical signifi-cance(χ2=0.4822, P〉0.05); while there were statistically significant differences between group A and group C(χ2=8.0772, P<0.01), group B and group C(χ2=4.7786, P<0.05). Conclusions The self-made traditional Chinese medicine oil has similar preventive effect to medical radiation protection spray on radi-ation-induced skin injury and is obviously superior to moisture exposed burn ointment. And self-made tra-ditional Chinese medicine oil is featured by satisfying curative effect, easy operation, convenient han-dling, etc. Because of the lower price, the self-made traditional Chinese medicine oil is more suitable for application than the medical radiation protection spray.

Key words:
Preventive agents; Traditional Chinese medicine oil; Radiation-induced skin injury


Assume that $(\mathcal X, d, \mu)$ is a geometrically doubling metric space and the measure $\mu$ is an upper doubling measure. This paper focuses on studying the boundedness of iterated commutators, which is generated by multilinear singular integral operators with the function $\bm{b}$ in $\mathrm{RBMO}(\mu)$.


For the Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR), currently under development for the Earth Observing System, we plan to use deployable diffuse reflectance panels to provide a flight calibration of its nine cameras. Near-lambertian reflectance characteristics are desirable to facilitate flat-field camera intercomparisons and to allow each camera to be calibrated under the same illumination levels. Panel spatial and spectral uniformity and stability with time are also required. Spectralon™, a commercially available diffuse reflectance material made from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), has been baselined in the MISR design. To assess the suitability ofthis material, a series of environmental exposure tests were performed. No degradation of the optical properties was apparent following proton bombardment, and stability through UV illumination was satisfactory, provided simple cleaning and handling procedures were implemented. One surprise during the testing, however, was a buildup of several thousand volts of static charge, which developed while simulating a rare pass through an auroral storm. Such a potential for charge buildup is not unique to PTFE, but exists for many thermal control paints used to cover spacecraft exteriors. Further testing of the charged Spectralon failed to produce arcing to the metallic housing frame, and models indicate that charge neutralization will occur after passage through the storm. For these reasons we intend to fly Spectralon as per our original plan.


Incredibly, it is nearing twenty years ago, but I remember the day with great clarity. I remember standing in front of a mirror in a bathroom across from the conference room where the oral examinations for my doctoral degree would be held. I was wearing a brown dress. The dress looked worn and homemade, and I imagined the day Fannie Ellen, my granny, made it. I imagined her hands smoothing the crinkle of pattern pieces, a yard and a half of cloth laid across her dining-room table. Like much of the fabric she worked with, the fabric for this dress likely came from yard-sale tables or from the Mountain Mission thrift store in Paintsville, the town where she grew up. "Wear a power suit," I had been told in regard to my examination day, but I chose this dress from my closet full of peasant skirts and beaded sweaters. I wondered if you could tell it from the dress, the thirty-some times I had hauled myself and it from town to town, house to house. "Do I look okay?" I asked Judith, who was also standing in front of the mirror. She reached over and took my hand, laid a small gift in my palm—a saint's medal to protect me in the hours ahead. A tiny replica of the Holy Mother, the medal is one of several gifts I still have from Judith. There are autographed books. "Compadre," she has written on one title-page. "Remember what it means to be an artist, first and last." There are other, more intimate gifts. A bracelet. A lace scarf I wear to parties sometimes. And, from the last two years of her life, there are emails, many of them about what it means to be ill and about longing to be well again. One email contains a draft of a short essay about faith when she was a girl: "JesuCristo, mi JesuCristo, I turned on my after-hours reading flashlight and looked for you on the scary nights of my early years. In the closet and under the bed, but you were nowhere to be found. Still, I could smell you in my grandmother's best church-going-incense-absorbing shawl. Your breath was patchouli, and the moistness from your kiss was in my mother's purse-hanky,


Background : Insomnia is a common sleep disorder in the elderly, characterictized difficulties in sleep initiation, sleep maintenance or early morning awakening. Lavender ( Lavandula angustifolia ) is most commonly used in aromatherapy. The fragrance from the oils of the lavender plant is believed to help promote calmness and wellnes. It is also said to help reduce stress, anxiety, and possibly even mild pain. This study aimed to determine the effect of breathing relaxation in combination with lavender aromatherapy on the reduction of insomnia in the elderly. Subjects and Method : This was a quasi experimental study with one group pretest-posttest design. A sample of 21 elderly people who experienced insomnia were selected for this study from the Elderly Posyandu, Tambakrejo Waru Village, Sidoarjo, East Java. The independent variable was combination of breathing relaxation and lavender aromatherapy. The breathing relaxation involved slow and deep breathing technique using the diaphragm muscle, allowing the stomach to slowly lift and the chest to expand fully and while inhaling lavender aromatherapy. Lavender aromatherapy was administered while the elderly were in a state of relaxation to help focus on calmness and reduction of stress. This exercise was undertaken for about 20 minutes before going to bed, 6 days for a week long. The dependent variable was insomnia, which was measured by the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). The ISI is a short subjective instrument measuring symptoms and consequences of insomnia. It is composed of seven items with perceived severity of each item was rated on a 0-4 scale. The total score ranging from 0-28 was obtained by summing the items ratings. The mean score of ISI before and after the intervention was compared with by paired t-test. Results : The mean score of ISI after the intervention (Mean= 14.8; SD= 2.3) was lower than that before intervention (Mean= 21.7; SD= 3.5), and it was statistically significant (p = 0.027). Conclusion : Breathing relaxation in combination with lavender aromatherapy is effective in reducing insomnia in the elderly.


There is a fuel cell system is disclosed that uses the compressed and heated cathode inlet air to heat the fuel cell stack at system startup. The heating comprises a heat exchanger that uses the system cooling fluid to cool the compressed and heated cathode input air before it is supplied to the fuel cell stack. At system startup, a proportional bypass valve directs a controlled portion of the cooling fluid to the heat exchanger around so that the heated cathode inlet air can be used to heat the fuel cell stack. Once the stack reaches its operating temperature, the bypass valve is no longer bypass the heat exchanger. The fuel cell system also includes an air inlet valve, which is used to throttle the compressor when Sytemstart and to effect so that the compressor heats the compressed air quickly.


We estimate the impact of the 2009 financial rescue of two large American automobile companies (General Motors and Chrysler) on unemployment in Michigan. We conservatively estimate that the auto bailout saved about 7,700 workers from unemployment each month over a period of four-and-a-half years. This translates to a public savings of between $1.3 and $1.6 billion via lower transfer payments and higher tax revenues.


The following mechanism is postulated for the interaction of sulfur dioxide with hydrogen sulfide in moist gases. Homogeneous condensation of water vapor results in formation of unstable complexes having energy in excess over the statistical-mean energy of their nominally stable existence. Tending to yield their excess energy in the course of vibrational relaxation, these complexes transfer it preferentially to sulfur dioxide (and possibly also hydrogen sulfide) molecules present in the gas or bound to them by weak bonds due to association. The existence of weak interaction here should facilitate relaxation processes, which in this case may develop intramolecularly. Thus, a certain excess energy reserve may accumulate in the sulfur dioxide molecules, i.e., the effective temperature of the sulfur dioxide molecules may be significantly higher than the temperature of the gas. Subsequently the sulfur dioxide molecule may either transfer this excess energy during further collisions or, if the energy reserve exceeds a certain necessary value, it may react with another molecule present in the gas; in the present instance with a hydrogen sulfide molecule. The surface of the water drops and drop nuclei formed may serve as the heterogeneous factor here. The above interpretation provides an explanation of the high degreesmore » of conversion of sulfurous gases during sulfur formation in the course of activity of volcanic fumaroles, and also of the complex chemical recombinations observed in the atmosphere during smog formation. The conditions of intensive interaction discovered here can be applied to development of new processes for sulfur recovery from waste gases. In particular, the authors have proposed and tested a method for additional purification of sulfurous' exit gases from sulfur plants at oil and gas refineries, which may be economically justifiable if unutilized excess heat is available.« less


Studying the process of emergency evacuation,and through studying the nowadays microscopic models,a new evacuation simulation model based on Agent was proposed.With the introduction of several of factors,the model based on Agent can simulate evacuation dynamics.In this model,introduce a variety of factors in evacuation process,and simulate crowd dispersal state in real situation.Compared with modern models,it can be used for evacuation simulation of many kinds of emergencies,and optimize simulation results.So that evacuation efficiency and people's security in the process of evacuating can be guaranteed.


Objective:To increase the concentration of the dissolved oxygen fermentation Methods:the article probes that how to increase the concentration of the dissolved oxygen by analyzing the factors affecting the dissolved oxy- gen.Conclusion:Design the fabrication of rerment tank reasonably and improve the control level of fermentation process.


The Biological Sciences Distance Course from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte – UFRN began in 2009, initially with 289 students. Until now, the course graduated 132 professors to basic education and actually has 310 students as active status that joined the course in the years 2009, 2010, 2012 and 2014. In these 5 years the course has faced problems as dropout and high levels of retention due to disapproval and cancels his. The aim of this article is analyze the students retention in the first three semesters of the course, once is in this period that are detected the highest index of rescission. For this, it was analyzed the approval and disapproval index in 14 curricular components offered in the first three semesters of the course and considering only that joined the course in the years 2009, 2010 and 2012. The results show that the index of rescission and disapproval is higher in the first two semesters of the course. The curricular components named as Mathematics and Reality and History of Biology from the first semester presented high level of disapproval. In second semester the curricular component Measures and Chemicals Transformations are remarkable. These data are important to guide the pedagogic activities to control the dropout and retention.


Given the demand for authentic personal interactions over social media, it is unclear how much firms should actively manage their social media presence. We study this question empirically in a health care setting. We show that active social media management drives more user-generated content. However, we find that this is due to an incremental increase in user postings from an organization's employees rather than from its clients. This result holds when we explore exogenous variation in social media policies, employees, and clients that are explained by medical marketing laws, medical malpractice laws, and distortions in Medicare incentives. Further examination suggests that content being generated mainly by employees can be avoided if a firm's postings are entirely client focused. However, most firm postings seem not to be specifically targeted to clients' interests, instead highlighting more general observations or achievements of the firm itself. We show that untargeted postings like these provoke acti...


4. Article 13 of the Convention guarantees the availability at the national level of a remedy to enforce the substance of the Convention rights in whatever form they might happen to be secured in the domestic legal order.2 The opening words of Article 13: "Everyone whose rights and freedoms as set forth in this Convention are violated. . ." make clear that Art. 13 is not a freestanding right. It only arises for consideration if the applicant raises a complaint involving another substantive Convention right.3


The main issue the present paper argues is why language teaching practices are likely to derive from the general theory of language, although it is not an educational methodology in that it describes and explains language beliefs. This problem, the theory binding of practices so called, is mostly caused by the one-sided assumption that there is only one authorized linguistic theory which is applied to language education. It at its most negative end would mean casting learners in fixed terms as inferior, despised, oppressed and so on in case they do not "know (i.e. own) the theory." The educational aim, however, should not be controlled by an outdated concept even if it is an established theory in academic circles. As a linguistic discussion from an educational point of view, this essay proposes ecological linguistics, which includes notions on semiosis, affordance, interaction, and meaning making. It contributes to make appropriate settings of language education without depending on any linguistic theories.


We study the effects of assisted tunneling or correlated hopping between next nearest neighbours in a two species Bose-Hubbard system. The system is the bosonic analong of the fermionic system studied in Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 116}, 225303 (2016). Using a combination of cluster mean field theory, exact diagonlization and analytical results, a rich phase diagram is determined including a pair superfluid phase as well as a superfluid quantum droplet phase. The former is the result of the interplay between single particle and correlated hopping, while the latter is the effect of large correlated hopping.


Time series smoothing is essential for time series analysis and forecasting. It helps to identify trends and patterns of time series. However, the presence of irregular perturbations disrupt the time series smoothness and distort information. The goal of time series smoothing is to remove these perturbations while preserving as much information as possible. Existing smoothing algorithms have complete freedom to make corrections to the data points which often over smooth the time series and lose information. None of them considers constraining data corrections to the best of our knowledge. Moreover, most existing methods either do not smooth in real-time or their parameters need to be hand-tuned in different scenarios. To improve smoothing performance while considering data correction constraints, we propose a C onstrained reinforcement learning-based T ime S eries S moothing method, or CTS 2 . Specifically, we first formulate the smoothing problem as a Constrained Markov Decision Process (CMDP). We then incorporate data correction constraints to restrict the amount of correction at each point. Finally, we learn a policy network with a linear projection layer to smooth the time series. The linear projection layer ensures that all data corrections satisfy the data correction constraints. We evaluate CTS 2 on both synthetic and real-world time series datasets; our results show that CTS 2 successfully smooths time series in real-time, satisfies all the correction constraints, and works efficiently in a variety of scenarios.


A copper(Ⅱ) complex [CuL(H2O)(Sal)]·0.5H2O was obtained by the reaction of copper(Ⅱ) salicylate with 3-methyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-5-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole(L) in ethanol-water solution at room temperature.The crystal belongs to triclinic system with space group P1,and a=0.913 6(4) nm,b=1.122 2(5) nm,c=1.263 3(7) nm,α= 67.10(2)°,β=76.31(3)°,γ=68.17(2)°,V= 1.101(1) nm3,Z=2.The final refinement gave R1=0.039 8 and wR2=0.106 0 for 3 453 reflections with I2σ(I).This complex is a good purple fluorescent material in solid state at room temperature.


Diabetes is a long-term disease caused by the human body's inability to make enough insulin or to use it properly. This is one of the curses of the present world. Although it is not very severe in the initial stage, over time, it takes a deadly shape and gradually affects a variety of human organs, such as the heart, kidney, liver, eyes, and brain, leading to death. Many researchers focus on the machine and in-depth learning strategies to efficiently predict diabetes based on numerous risk variables such as insulin, BMI, and glucose in this healthcare issue. We proposed a robust approach based on the stacked ensemble method for predicting diabetes using several machine learning (ML) methods. The stacked ensemble comprises two models: the base model and the meta-model. Base models use a variety of models of ML, such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), K Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), and Random Forest (RF), which make different assumptions about predictions, and meta-models make final predictions using Logistic Regression from predictive outputs from base models. To assess the efficiency of the proposed model, we have considered the PIMA Indian Diabetes Dataset (PIMA-IDD). We used linear and stratified sampling to ensure dataset consistency and K-fold cross-validation to prevent model overfitting. Experiments revealed that the proposed stacked ensemble model outperformed the model specified in the base classifier as well as the comprehensive methods, with an accuracy of 94.17%.


A 10.5-GHz reflective-type phase shifter (RTPS) using resonant loads with L-match impedance transformation (RLT) is implemented in a 0.25-mum SiGe BiCMOS process. A 2.4-GHz RTPS with RLT loads is also integrated in 0.18-mum CMOS; it employs a negative resistance (NR) technique to reduce the loss by 5.9 dB compared to a conventional design that is also implemented. Several other 2.4-GHz reflective loads are fabricated in 0.18-mum CMOS including a Y-shaped dual RLT (DRLT). A transformation converts it from a Y-shape to a Delta-shape and enables use of the NR technique in an RTPS with DRLT loads, wherein the loss is reduced by 10 dB and the phase shift range is increased to over 360deg.


Adjustment of servo parameters of industrial mechatronic servo system is generally approached according to a certain empirical rule, but it is a hard work to achieve a high performance. This paper describes the contour control by the modified input data method for industrial mechatronic servo systems so that the adjustment of servo parameters is not required. Under a given set of servo parameters within an allowable range, the effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified by simulation and experimental study on contour control of an actual mechatronic servo system.


Prague in 1989-1990. A Transition from People´s Administration to Democratic Self-government. This article describes the situation in the city administration of Prague after the events from the November 17 1989. The changes which took place in the first days after the Velvet revolution were unexpected, nobody was prepared, there was no theoretical concept how to handle them. The article shows the first negotiations between the communist-set city government and the shortly after November 17 established Civic forum about the personal questions and about governing the city. At this time appeared many ideas how to change the city government organization – the model from 1861–1939 period was found as the best. Consequently it served as the theoretical mould for the city-government-law from the October 9 1990. Keywords: Prague, self-government, 1989, post-communism


This report addresses marine oil spill trajectory modeling and Environmental severity Index mapping with a focus on the Kerala coastal environment. With growing Indian demand for the crude oil the Kerala coastal area will be exposed to increasing risk of oil spills from marine transport. Oil spill trajectory models are an essential tool for risk assessment related to potential environmental impacts in sensitive areas for Kerala coast and for planning spill response measures. This study is a review of the oil spill modeling literature, special emphasis was given to the physical, biological and ecological coastal area of Kerala having 590Km of coastal line. The first goal is a synthesis of the oil spill trajectory modeling and its various components. The second goal is the identification of the most vulnerable areas to oil spill in the coastal belts of Kerala. A comprehensive oil spill trajectory model for the Kerala coastal area would include: 1) Models for the physical environment (Wind, air temperature, precipitation, ocean currents, and waves), 2) An oil spill model to address weathering, evaporation, and other details of the oil's interplay with the marine environment.


This paper proposes a semianalytic solution to the problem of high frequency coupling on a wire running in electrically large enclosures. This model is basically derived from the transmission-line (TL) theory in which the electromagnetic (EM) environment, represented as a random plane-wave spectrum, is characterized by its statistical parameters. The results are compared to those obtained by randomly generating elementary plane-wave samples and numerically calculating their EM coupling through a TL model.


ABSTRACT This work presents a study of the reactive distillation of atmospheric petroleum residue (ATR) containing 10% in mass of HY or HZSM-5 zeolites. The process aims the upgrade of ATR in order to obtain valuable products. The fundamental characteristic of the process is the immediate separation under thermal conditions and subsequent reaction of the products generated by the zeolite catalysts, favoring the displacement of the equilibrium towards the desired reactions. Such reactions occurred in the heterogeneous form, adding the HY or HZSM-5 zeolites to the ATR charge, and heating the mixtures at temperatures in the range of 50 to 500°C. The heating promotes intense heat exchange, solid-liquid reactions, obtaining the desired products. In the reactive distillation process, in presence of the acid sites of the zeolites, the short contact time of the hydrocarbons thermally cracked at low pressures favored secondary cracking reactions, increasing the selectivity to lower weigh molecular hydrocarbons, in the range of liquid gases, naphta, gasoline, jet fuel, diesel and lubricants. The obtained results proved that catalytic or reactive distillation is a promising technology for waste recovery that is surplus to the atmospheric and vacuum distillation processes for the refineries.


The John L. Smith Memorial for Cancer Research, Chas. Pfizer & Company, Inc., Maywood, New Jersey 07607 Although infection of mouse cell lines with murine leukemia and sarcoma viruses can be achieved with relative ease (4, 6, 12), similar infection of human cell cultures has not been reported until very recently. Boiron et al. (2) have described the successful infection of a diploid human embryonic lung culture, WI-38, with the murine sarcoma virus Moloney strain (MSV-M). Infection and continuous replication of animal oncogenic RNA viruses in human cells is of considerable interest as the phenomenon may be a step towards proving the viral etiology of human leukemia. This report describes the infection of human embryonic cell cultures with the Rauscher murine leukemia virus (RLV) and some of the physical and biologic properties of the virus synthesized. Monolayer cultures from the 4th transfer of human embryonic muscle cells, G8-6, growing in RPMI medium #1629 supplemented with 20% fetal calf serum were washed with fresh medium. One ml of mouse plasma virus, HL-67-4 (Rauscher mouse plasma virus supplied by Hazleton Laboratories) diluted 1:4 in growth medium was added to each monolayer in 30-ml plastic tissue culture flasks, and the cultures were incubated at 37~ for 30 minutes. After virus adsorption, the monolayers were washed once and refed with the growth medium. Cytopathic effects were not observed, and after one week the cultures were transferred to 250-rnl Falcon tissue culture flasks. Electron microscopic studies of the infected cells did not reveal the presence of virus at that time; however, after four weeks, during the 17th passage, virus particles were seen budding from the plasma membranes (Fig. 1A) as well as into cytoplasmic vacuoles (Fig. 1B). Virus particles found in the extracellular spaces (Fig. 1C) had the morphology of the "C-type" particles found in the murine leukemias (1). In subsequent passages, many virus particles were seen by the negative stain technic (3) in concentrates of the infected tissue culture fluids. Extracellular virus in medium from a 5-day-old culture in its 25th transfer since infection was concentrated by 1This study was conducted under contract No. PH 43-66-98 within the Special Virus Leukemia Program of the NIH, USPHS, Bethesda, Maryland 20014. Received May 5, 1969; accepted June 13, 1969. ultracentrifugation in a Sharples continuous flow centrifuge at the rate of one liter per hour (approx. 55,000 X g). The virus was resuspended in either fresh medium or 0.05 M sodium citrate, pH 6.8, to give a 100-fold concentrate. These preparations, which were estimated by electron microscopic studies to have approximately 5 X 109 virus particles per ml, were used for mouse inoculation, serologic tests, and infection of other cell cultures in an effort to characterize the virus. Sixty newborn and ten weanling BALB/c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.1 ml of this virus preparation. At the present time, three months postinoculation, none of the mice has shown any of the typical Rauscher virus disease symptoms (8). Previous experience with equivalent doses of Rauscher virus derived from infected mouse cell cultures has shown that leukemia should develop within one to two months (5, 10). After six months these mice will be challenged with a Rauscher mouse plasma virus to determine their immune status. Complement fixation tests were conducted using 100-fold concentrates from control and virus-infected cultures as antigens. The antiserum was prepared in rats against mouse-derived virus according to the procedure described by Hartley et al. (5). A titer of 1:16 was obtained against four units of antibody with the positive control RLV that was produced by infected JLS-V9 cells (11). In contrast, the human cell-derived virus concentrate, which had the same virus count, gave a 1:4 titer. The uninfected human cell culture concentrate was negative in this test. The four-fold difference in titers between the two antigens, which was confirmed by a repeat test, would seem to indicate a modified nature of the virus produced in human cells. A potent rabbit anti-RLV serum prepared against mouse plasma virus was used for the immunodiffusion tests. While ether-treated virus from the infected human cells produced precipitin lines, the intact virus showed a negative reaction. The Rauscher leukemia virus produced in mouse cells (JLS-V9), whether ether-treated or intact, was always positive in these tests. The electron microscopic agglutination test (7) was also negative for the intact human cell-derived virus. Further characterization of this virus was attempted by density gradient centrifugation. Two ml of a 50-fold virus concentrate were layered on top of a preformed sucrose gradient. This gradient, along with a similar one containing the 1886 CANCER RESEARCH VOL. 29


An understanding of how relevant materials may behave in a food-processing environment whether they are metallic, elastomeric, plastic, and composite or glass is essential to their correct selection as materials of construction. Only by matching the choice of material to the working environment (and that includes not only the food being processed but also the cleaning processes applied to the equipment) can the safety, hygiene and life-time economics all be optimised. This paper will examine the sources of advice available to help the engineer make these critical decisions. Stainless steels are frequently seen as the materials of choice in such applications, and the properties of this versatile family of strong, corrosionresistant, easily-fabricated and, ultimately, recyclable materials will be discussed.


Local normal universities in the positioning of the consensus should be based on the theory of"we must unswervingly adhere to normal and comprehensive organically".Focusing on its particularity,namely "local" and "normal" two aspects.It should be a development and dynamic process which contains "the start--the target--the path".In accordance with peculiarity,pragmatism,innovation,forward-looking and feasibility to principle.


A convenient method for the preparation of polypyridine complexes of Ru(II) within the supercages of zeolite Y is reported. The bis-heteroleptic trisligated species Ru{sup 2+}(bpy){sub 2}(bpz){sup 2+}-Y and Ru{sup 2+}(bpy){sub 2}(dmb){sup 2+}-Y have been obtained and characterized by electronic absorption and resonance Raman spectroscopies. Two methods of zeolite matrix destruction have been used to extract the zeolite-entrapped complexes. Depending on experimental conditions, a blue byproduct can be formed in the zeolite supercages. Preliminary evidence suggests that this compound is properly formulated as Ru{sup 3+}(bpy){sub 2}(X)0-(where X is unspecified) bound to the supercage interior wall via an oxygen atom donated by the zeolite.


According to practical geological conditions of No.3 coal seam in Zhaozhuang mine,four predicted sensitive indices for gas outburst risk were selected.Through field test and comparative analysis of the sensitivity of the various indexes,the sensitivity of drilling bits method was relatively high for gas outburst risk prediction for No.3 coal seam in Zhaozhuang mine.Based on index predict results of drilling bits method,mine safety tunneling was obtained.


Instructors by giving provocative talk before the game try to control the behavior of athletes. Therefore, coach's motivational talk is the most effective extemal factor that motivates the athletes. Thus, with regard to the role of verbal persuasion in improving athlete's performance, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of verbal persuasion in improving the bench press record in bodybuilder athletes. For this purpose 40 male bodybuilder athletes with age range of 18 to 32 years selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. First, initial recording (pre-test) was taken and then the weights were increased by 5 percent, and again the experimental group with verbal persuasion and control group without verbal persuasion were engaged in taking records (post-test). Data analysis was performed by using paired and independent t-tests.


A high proportion of observed fetal sex discordances between single-nucleotide polymorphism–based noninvasive prenatal screening tests and prenatal or newborn examinations are attributable to disorders of sexual development.


The Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) thin film used as a front electrode in microcrystalline silicon solar cells is a key material for the improvement of their efficiency. A promising TCO is aluminium doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al) deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. A first part of the thesis is dedicated to the study of the influence of deposition conditions on microstructure, growth mechanisms, and opto-electronic properties of ZnO:Al thin films. We obtained an optimum in terms of maximal transparency in the visible range, and minimal resistivity, for films realized at a pressure of 0.12 Pa and at a temperature of 325 °C. A second part of the work is focused on the study of post-deposition annealing treatments, such as thermal or laser annealing processes, on the properties of the material deposited at room temperature. The influence of the annealing atmosphere (under vacuum, in N2/H2, or in pure N2) and temperature (from 400 to 500 °C) was studied. The thermal annealing step resulted in an improvement of the optical and electrical properties of the ZnO:Al thin film up to a resistivity of 3.5×10-4 Ohm.cm for a transmittance between 400 and 1000 nm of 81.2%. The laser annealing treatment influences particularly the morphological properties. The finale step of this thesis work is based on the study of the wet chemical etching of the TCO thin film, in order to create an optimal surface morphology for light confinement in the microcrystalline silicon layers without a degradation of the electrical properties. The integration of these ZnO:Al thin films as front electrodes in PIN silicon thin film solar cells was realized and investigated in depth.


Diffuse alopecia wields a significant psychosocial burden by virtue of its clinical presentation and visibility. Patterned alopecia is an umbrella term with the focus point being androgen-mediated alopecias - androgenetic alopecia/male pattern baldness/male androgenetic alopecia and female pattern hair loss/female androgenetic alopecia, both of which have a genetic susceptibility that alters the follicular sensitivity to circulating androgens. Diffuse alopecia affects nearly half the population based on weighted averages. It may present with hair shedding and hair thinning (miniaturization) or a combination. With the female variant, the role of androgens is not fully delineated; hence, the term female pattern hair loss which has replaced prior nomenclature. Managing patterned hair loss has seen a sea change in the last decade, moving well beyond the FDA-approved modalities - topical minoxidil and oral finasteride. Through this short review, the authors have attempted to condense existing information into a ready reference.


The values of family education in Ukrainian families were the focus of attention among Ukrainian educators. Ukrainian family cherished the system of values, which have formed the cult of mother and father, grandmother and grandfather, the cult of family and nation since the ancient times. The great attention is paid to the content of an individual formation in the family. The parents tried to form a need in their children's minds to know their ancestry on both paternal and maternal sides, to educate children in dignity, honor and pride in their ancestors, desire and willingness to preserve and multiply the achievements of the family. To achieve this goal, children were drawn to the practical continuation of family customs, the realization of family plans, dreams, hopes, traditions, eternal desires of the Ukrainian people. A child feels the needs of the whole family and other people with its heart, soul and mind, he/she begins to worry about the interests of the family, people, nation. Pedagogues urged to preserve and honor, magnify and glorify human love, to form moral values from the perspective of kindness, justice, dignity, truth, honor, humanity; to cultivate thrift, to form the skills of home keeping, draw to folk art and so on. Today, the assumptions of the parental pedagogy of Vasyl Sukhomlynskyi and the family pedagogy of Myroslav Stelmakhovych are still valid.


A 49-year-old man with cirrhotic ascites due to chronic (b) What should the treatment of hyponatraemia be in the above patient? hepatitis B infection (stage Child II ) was admitted because of ascites deterioration, malaise, fatigue, and (c) In a symptomatic hyponatraemic patient which is the strategy of fluid administration? hyponatraemia (serum sodium 114 mmol/l ). On physical examination cachexia, hepatic failure 'stigmata', ascites, and flapping tremor were evident. Supine and Table 1. Biochemical parameters and arterial gas determination standing blood pressure values were 110/75 mmHg and 90/60 mmHg, respectively. Body weight was 55 kg. On the second day of hospitalization he was comaParameters Day 2 Day 3 tose (stage IV of hepatic encephalopathy). Biochemical parameters and arterial gas determination are shown Serum parameters Urea (mg/dl ) 93 92 in Table 1. Serum aldosterone was &1000 pg/ml Creatinine (mg/dl ) 1.6 1.5 (normal range 7.5–150 pg/ml ), and plasma renin activAlbumin (g/dl ) 3.2 3.3 ity was 20.8 ng/ml/h (normal range 0.2–2.8 ng/ml/h). Sodium (mmol/l ) 114 117 Treatment consisted of cautious hydration, blood and Potassium (mmol/l ) 6 4.9 fresh-frozen plasma transfusion, lactulose enemas and Chloride (mmol/l ) 86 93 neomycin. On the third day he was awake, well orientArterial gases ated to time and place and there was an amelioration pH 7.6 7.48 2 (mmHg) 27 28 of acid-base and electrolyte disturbances. 2 (mmHg) 130 123 HCO3− (mmol/l ) 27 21.48


Due to the integration of new comfort functions and the change from mechanically to electrically driven auxiliaries the average power consumption in passenger cars will increase significantly within the next years. The high power demand of some kilowatts can only be handled by the transition to 42 V, because the 14 V-system meets its limits both because of high copper cross sections of the wires and unsatisfactory efficiency. When the conventional claw pole alternator is combined with power electronics it can produce far higher output power and is suited to start the combustion engine which can be used as a quiet stop-and-go system.


A reverse transcription loop mediated isothermal amplification(RT-LAMP) assay was developed for detection of avian novel flavivirus virus.According to the sequences of avian novel flavivirus virus E protein gene,six primers specific to the eight sites of novel flavivirus virus gene were designed,and the reaction conditions were optimized.The results showed that the assay had no cross reaction with NDRV,GPV,MDRV,NDV,ILTV and FPV.The assay was performed in water bath within 45 minutes and the amplification result was visualized by adding SYBR Green Ⅰ or inspecting the white sediment.The detection limit of RT-LAMP assay was 1 pg,which was 100 fold higher than that of one step RT-PCR.The detection in clinical samples was 100% compliance with RT-PCR.These results suggested that the newly developed RT-LAMP assay is a simple and specific method for rapid detection of avian novel flavivirus virus in field conditions.


In non-destructive evaluation of composites, an efficient method for mapping damage is critical for assessing the severity of damage in a specimen. Phase congruency (PC) is a technique for detecting edges in images. This paper adapts this technique to map damage in composite plates. The method utilizes two-dimensional wavefield measurements of a guided wave propagating through the specimen. Each time step of the two-dimensional wavefield is analyzed with the modified PC measure. The results of each time step are aggregated yielding a full field map of the specimen identifying the damage. The approach was validated on numerical and experimental data sets for simulated damage in a plate. In concept, the PC measure exploits the fact that the phase of the spatial Fourier components of a signal have an equal value at a discontinuity. To do this, the measure compares the magnitude of the sum of the components to the sum of the magnitude of the components. The upper bound of this ratio is unity. PC values approa...


This paper reviews that John Donne has always been regarded as the representative of the English "metaphysical" school of poetry,of which Donne was the founder.The word "metaphysical" was first used to describe the characteristic of Donne and other poets of the time by Dr.Samuel Johnson.The chief feature of this so called school was the excessive use of figures of speech called "wits" or "conceit".The abounding vitality of the figures of speech that originated from them no longer existed,and were then due to intellectual ingenuity rather than to natural impulse.Anyhow,Metaphysical School was a new one coming to the fore,without parallel in history and it is hard for the later generations to imitate.


The purpose of this study was to identify how attitudes toward menopause and family-related variables (living with a first child, satisfaction with children, and marital satisfaction) were associated with the perceived menopausal symptoms of middle-aged Korean females. Data for the study were based on a community sample of 628 women whose ages ranged from 45 to 60, who were currently married and had at least one child. The respondents reported lower levels of menopausal symptoms, medium levels of marital satisfaction and slightly higher levels of satisfaction with children. Feelings of tiredness, irritability, and nervousness without apparent reason, and aches in the lumbago and joints were common menopausal symptoms reported in this study. Regression analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of monthly income, educational level, employment status, attitudes toward menopause, living with a first child, satisfaction with children, and marital satisfaction on perceived menopausal symptoms. Attitudes toward menopause, living with a first child, satisfaction with children and marital satisfaction were significantly associated with perceived menopausal symptoms. In particular, marital satisfaction had the strongest effect on perceived menopausal symptoms. The results showed that in the face of the developmental challenges experienced during the menopausal transition, family-related variables served as positive reinforcement for married middle-aged women. This finding suggests that in order to improve the menopausal transition, family education programs need to be developed and offered to middle aged females who suffer from severe menopausal symptoms.


A numerical analysis has been conducted on the dehumidification phenomena of rotary absorptive dehumidifier. Parameters that affect the dehumidification efficiency, such as regeneration temperature, humidity, rotor angular velocity, air flow rate and regeneration section angle are studied and optimum driving conditions are determined from the results. Furthermore three new types of dehumidification method are developed to improve the efficiency. They are named MODE 2, 3 and 4, while the present one MODE 1. Cooling zone has been constructed between regeneration and process zone in MODE 2 and as a result exit temperature of the process air decreases. MODE 3 an improvement of MODE 2, recirculates the cooling air into the regeneration zone and regeneration input as well as exit temperature decreases. In MODE 4, some of the regeneration air is recirculated and it cuts down the regeneration input. Among them MODE 3, showed the best dehumidification efficiency.


Many of the social projects that were born post 2001 in our country, sought to make contribution to overcoming the terminal crisis of the Washington Consensus model from different fields (communication, social economy, cultural production). In general the experiences that arise at the edges or respond to certain situations, play a cycle. That is, to a step change is necessarily a change in what is sought to modify. These projects have emerged as popular communication strategies of resistance, in which the fight for a New Media Law was central. Finally, the new law is a fact. Comes to discuss not only the democratization of speech and the right to communicate, but to concentrate economic power, linked to the information monopoly with its immense lobbying power for decades. Ie if we focus the discussion in the New Law on Audiovisual Services, desenmarcandola the process of political change and economic run the risk of confusing what the debate on the merits and therefore the steps.


We present recent results from the BaBar collaboration in several areas of research. These include searches for new physics via measurements of radiative-penguin B decays, lepton-number and lepton-flavor violations in B decays, and CP violation in tau lepton decays.


Low threshold detectors with single-electron excitation sensitivity to nuclear recoil events in solid-state detectors are also sensitive to the crystalline structure of the target and, therefore, to the recoil direction via the anisotropic energy threshold for defect creation in the detector material. We investigate this effect and the resulting daily and annual modulation of the observable event rate for dark matter mass range from 0.2 to 5 GeV/c$^{2}$ in a silicon detector. We show that the directional dependence of the threshold energy and the motion of the laboratory result in modulation of the event rate which can be utilized to enhance the sensitivity of the experiment. We demonstrate that the spin-independent interaction rate in silicon is significant for both high and low dark matter masses. For low-mass dark matter, we show that the average interaction rate in silicon is larger than germanium, making silicon an important target for identifying dark matter from backgrounds. We find 8 and 12 hours periodicity in the time series of event rates for silicon detector due to the 45-degree symmetry in the silicon crystal structure.


Objective To summarize the clinical characteristic and the results of surgical treatment of atlantoaxial subluxation patients derived from Os odontoiddeum. Method The clinical materials of 10 cases with Os odontoidum were reviewed and analyzed. Posterior approach atlas and axis pedicle screws or occipital screws and axis pedicle screws were applied to internal fix and fuse the atlas and axis. Before and post operation JOA scores were compared to evaluated the effects of the surgical treatment. Results Average operation time is about 3 hours, no operation related complications happened. The symptoms approved in 8 cases, and kept invariant in 2 cases. Post operation JOA scores were improved significantly. Reduction and bony fusion between atlas and axis were found in all cases 3 months post operation. Conclusions Internal fixation with pedical screws between atlas and axis is safe and effective method to treat Os odontoidum, and approve the symptoms of the patients.

Key words:
Os odontoidum;  Atlas;  Dislocations;  Neurosurgical procedures


The present naming convention for extrasolar planets used by the vast majority of researchers in the field is based upon an interpretation of the provisional I.A.U. standard for multiple star systems. With the existence of hundreds of exoplanets around single stars named by this convention and a handful of exoplanets around binary stars -- circumbinary planets -- it has become necessary to find a uniform and useful naming convention for the latter which is maximally compatible with the single host-star convention and which captures as much of the dynamical information about the planet as possible. We propose a simple and generic naming convention for all exoplanets which follows the provisional I.A.U. standard but more clearly indicates their dynamical status. The proposed convention is compatible with present usage and easily extendible to exoplanets around stars in systems of arbitrary multiplicity. We invite comments and discussion on the proposed convention, in the hope of a timely adoption by the I.A.U. Commissions 5, 8+24, 26, 42, 45 and 53.


In this experiment, the effect of cage position (tier level) and cage density on some welfare criteria in Denizli Chickens were investigated. In the experiment, 252 hens were allocated to California type battery cages per partition (48×41×46 cm) systematically to from cage density (3, 4 and 5 hen/cage partition) and cage position (top, middle and bottom tier level) groups. The birds were housed 3, 4 and 5 birds / cage partition which resulted in 656.0, 492.0 and 393.6 cm2 of cage floor surface area/hen, respectively. Feed and water were provided ad lib. As a result of this study, Denizli fowls, differences between foot health and claw length values among cage density groups were found statistically significant. Feather degree was the highest in 3 bird density group (16.59 score) and the lowest in 5 bird density group (8.40 score). In the experiment, it was observed that the effects of cage density and cage position on heterophil lymphocyte ratio (h/l) were not significant.


Background Breast arterial calcification (BAC), visible on mammograms, has emerged as a biomarker of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women. Barriers to clinical implementation of BAC include limited studies with clinical outcomes and lack of quantification tools. Methods This single-center, retrospective study included women with a screening digital mammogram from 2008-2016. BAC was quantified using an automated, artificial intelligence (AI)-generated Bradley score, as a binary (Bradley score ?5) and continuous variable. Clinical outcomes were determined via electronic medical records. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between BAC and outcomes of mortality and a composite of acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and mortality. Models were adjusted for age, race, diabetes, smoking status, blood pressure, cholesterol, and history of CVD and chronic kidney disease. Results A total of 18,092 women were included with a mean age 56.8{+/-}11.0 years. Prevalence of comorbidities included diabetes (13%), hypertension (36%), hyperlipidemia (40%) and smoking (5%). BAC was present in 4,223 (23%). Over a median follow-up of 6 years, death occurred in 7.8% women with and 2.3% women without BAC. The composite outcome occurred in 12.4% of women with and 4.3% of women without BAC. Compared to those without, women with BAC had adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) of 1.49 (95% CI 1.33-1.67) for mortality and 1.56 (1.41-1.72) for the composite endpoint, after accounting for traditional risk factors. With a continuous BAC score, each 10-point increase was associated with higher risk of mortality (1.08 [1.06-1.11]) and the composite endpoint (1.08 [1.06-1.10]). BAC was especially predictive of future events among younger women. Conclusion BAC is significantly and independently associated with mortality and incident CVD, especially among younger women. Measuring BAC using an AI algorithm is feasible and clinically relevant. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings and to evaluate whether interventions guided by BAC improve outcomes.


This article gives an idea of the trends in the formation of creative thinking. The role of information culture in the perfection of a person, the formation of his creative way of thinking, is determined by the example of different approaches. It was analyzed that in the era of globalization, the creation of a truthful information environment is one of the important issues. An idea was made about the importance of adherence to the norms of information culture in the creation and adoption of information. It is stated about the moral norms of the use of communication tools, as well as the peculiarities of the analysis of information in the virtual world. The impact of Information Society and neophobia on the information environment has been investigated. The formation of an informative culture has been studied as a measure of prevention of the causes of the occurrence of ocular processes in humans.


During the development of a model equipped with dual VVT engines, a higher temperature of the catalyst was discovered. Therefore, the sweep point of VVT is optimized under low speed and high load conditions. The test results show that VVT has a significant effect on the temperature of the catalytic converter, and the temperature of the catalytic converter has decreased after optimization. At the same time, the VVT opening has little effect on the dynamics. In addition, VVT has an effect on the knocking tendency of the engine. When the knocking tendency increases, the temperature of catalytic converter and power performance of the engine are deteriorated. On the contrary, if the ignition angle can be advanced, the performance of the engine can be optimized.


Abstract Objective: Sexual assertiveness (SA), i.e., the ability to communicate thoughts and desires that may be translated into satisfying sexual activity within an intimate relationship, is important for safe and satisfying sexual behavior. In an attempt to unravel which cultural, relational, and individual variables are related to the development of SA in emerging adults, an exploratory study was conducted in Cuenca, Ecuador. Methods: Five hundred and thirty-eight participants completed scales that measured their levels of SA, endorsement of the sexual double standard, relationship satisfaction, and mental well-being. Results: This study showed a negative effect of the sexual double standard on SA in both men and women and this effect was slightly tempered by the level of education. Women reported higher levels of SA than men. In women, SA was associated with general mental well-being and relationship satisfaction; but not in men. For both women and men, no association was found with relationship status or duration. Conclusions: These findings corroborate evidence highlighting the importance of SA for healthy sexual relationships and emphasize the importance of (sex) education for SA for lower educated women and men. The results are discussed in relation to findings on SA in other contexts.


Most object-oriented analysis and design methods only address the design of sequential systems or omit the important design issues that need to be addressed when designing real-time and distributed applications [Bacon97, Douglas99, Selic94]. It is essential to blend object-oriented concepts with the concepts of concurrent processing [MageeKramer99] in order to successfully design these applications. This paper describes some of the key aspects of the COMET method for designing real-time and embedded systems [Gomaa00], which integrates object-oriented and concurrent processing concepts and uses the UML notation [Booch98, Rumbaugh99]. Examples are given from an Elevator Control System [Gomaa00].


Patients with hematologic malignancies are susceptible to serious complications due to immunosuppression. Neutropenic-related infection is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in this group of diseases. Febrile neutropenia is a common complication of the hematologic neoplasm itself or chemotherapy, and has worse prognosis if prolonged (lasting more than 7 days) or severe (neutrophil count below 500 cells per L). Among the usual sites of infection, we highlight the neutropenic enterocolitis and perianal infection as gastrointestinal complications of greater interest to the colorectal surgeon. Although most cases respond to conservative treatment, a portion of patients will need surgery for complete


Avocados are one of the important fruits in our diet, showing many health benefits. However, a significant amount of avocados become defective as they are transported throughout the supply chain and are refused by consumers, ending up at animal or pet feed manufacturers. Indeed, some previous evidence suggests that rejected avocados still present high phenolic content that can be reused in the drug or pharmacological industry. Therefore, in the present work, we measured the phenolic content from rejected avocado pulp and evaluated the antioxidant potential, followed by characterization and quantification using LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and HPLC-PDA. Reed avocado pulp was highest in TPC (0.21 mg GAE/g f.w.) and TFC (0.05 mg QE/g f.w.), whereas in TCT assay, low traces of tannins were exhibited in Wurtz and Reed avocado pulp. Hass avocado pulp had the highest antioxidant potential in DPPH (0.32 AAE/g f.w.), FRAP (0.13 AAE/g f.w.), ABTS (0.32 AAE/g f.w.), •OH-RSA (0.51 AAE/g f.w.) and FICA (0.47 mg EDTA/g) assays. Wurtz avocado pulp had higher antioxidant potential in RPA (0.07 mg AAE/g) and PMA (0.27 AAE/g f.w.). A total of 64 phenolic compounds were characterized in avocado pulp, including 10 in Hass avocado pulp, 31 in Wurtz avocado pulp and 45 in Reed avocado pulp. In HPLC-PDA quantification, chlorogenic acid (21.36 mg/g f.w.), epicatechin (14.24 mg/g f.w.) and quercetin (21.47 mg/g f.w.) were detected to be the highest in Hass, Wurtz and Reed avocado pulp, respectively. Our study showed the presence of phenolic compounds in rejected avocado pulp and hence can be utilized in food and pharmaceutical industries.


Thailand has seen several English language curriculum reforms over the last 20 years, all of which were found to have failed to lift Thai students' standard of English language proficiency across all levels of study. In 2014, the Thai Ministry of Education announced the introduction of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR), in combination with Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), as its latest policy to improve the standard of English learning and teaching in Thailand's schools. The establishment of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in 2015 and concerns about the economic competitiveness of the Thai labour force were provided as the underlying rationale for this policy change. This case study, using Grounded Theory Methodology combining semi-structured in-depth interviews, a questionnaire and document analysis, addresses the question of how this education policy change was experienced and perceived by English language teachers at state secondary schools across four provinces in the south of Thailand. A marked divergence in individual teachers' knowledge and appreciation of the policy plans was observed, with the majority of respondents displaying indifference to and ignorance of the policy. The Ministry had in 2015 tested all civil servant English teachers in a CEFR-referenced online placement test, where 94% had failed to reach the targeted proficiency level of B2. Consequently, the framework was perceived primarily as an English proficiency test for teachers, a European assessment scale which had been applied to them, but which had had no further application to either classroom teaching or student assessment. These findings are framed in the wider context of curriculum reform and English language teaching in Thailand. Comparisons with other English curriculum reform policies based on the CEFR are made, and the emphasis on testing teachers' language proficiency is reflected upon through the wider debate on language teacher proficiency.


Mobile equipment has now become a new platform for information exchange, spend a lot of information exchange, how to effectively protect the mobile platform information security Research has shown that, EEG signal can be used as identification tool, the user's information protection and good, this paper to protect the information security of mobile devices to research how to use EEG; the EEG signal is feasible for mobile equipment identification.


Blunt probe theory for subsonic flow in a weakly ionized and collisional gas is reviewed, and an electron collection theory for the relatively unexplored case, Deybye length approximately 1, which occurs in the lower ionosphere (D-region), is developed. It is found that the dimensionless Debye length is no longer an electric field screening parameter, and the space charge field effect can be negelected. For ion collection, Hoult-Sonin theory is recognized as a correct description of the thin, ion density-perturbed layer adjacent the blunt probe surface. The large volume with electron density perturbed by a positively biased probe renders the usual thin boundary layer analysis inapplicable. Theories relating free stream conditions to the electron collection rate for both stationary and moving blunt probes are obtained. A model based on experimental nonlinear electron drift velocity data is proposed. For a subsonically moving probe, it is found that the perturbed region can be divided into four regions with distinct collection mechanisms.


the role of inflammation in tendon pathology is controversial. Most pathological tendon conditions are due to overuse or degeneration, and they are claimed not to be of an inflammatory nature. Inflammatory cells are few in biopsies from, e.g., chronically painful and swollen Achilles tendons, and


Authors introduce several results of high quality mirror segments testing. The segments were designed for the large-area light-weight mirror systems for UV detectors of weak optical signals. For this category of the optical components, an increasing of demands on technology production is typical. This is caused by various reasons: 1) Thickness to diameter ratio is 1:100 for this type of segments. For astronomical mirrors, this ratio is about 1:10. This is the reason why the manufacturing technology of the light-weight segment surfaces was changed. Similarly, usually used testing methods of the shape of the optical surfaces are changed. The shapes of the surfaces are evaluated by the minimal spot diameter of the reflected beam, which contains 95% of the incident light; 2) Processing technology of working surfaces was enhanced because of the UV light wavelength. The technology must respect the fact that the amount of diffused light in the short UV wavelength region is increasing in the dependence on the surface roughness of the mirror; 3) Surface reflectivity is not the only important parameter of the optical reflecting thin film systems in this kind of applications. Surface roughness and homogeneity of thin films are taken into account of testing methods too.


Purpose

To present the clinical, pathological and genetic characteristics of a case of primary T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma of the orbit.

Methods

Clinical work-up and morphological – and immunohistochemical study. Genetic analyses using FISH, DNA sequencing and arrayCGH analysis.

Results

A 22-year-old man presented with a 3-week period of headache, reduced visual acuity and restricted eye movements of the left eye, unresponsive to antibiotic treatment. MRI scan showed large thickening of the extraocular muscles. Biopsies showed infiltration of lymphoma cells in the medial and superior rectus muscle as well as the superior oblique muscle of the left eye.

Morphological and immunohistochemical studies of the biopsies showed T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. No major genomic imbalances were detected by high-resolution arrayCGH. FISH analysis revealed no evidence of chromosomal translocation involving the ETV6 and MLL genes.

The patient received chemotherapy according to the high-risk NOPHO-protocol as well as a myeloablative allogenic bone marrow transplantation. The patient remains free of lymphoma nine months after the diagnosis, but with loss of visual acuity on his left eye.

Conclusions

Primary T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma in the eye region is very rare. It is important to recognize these patients early and think of lymphoma as a differential diagnosis in patients with involvement of the extraocular muscles. This is the first reported case of a T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma in the orbit.


The main purpose of this paper is to introduce an ultracompact device for electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection based on a bipolar metal oxide silicon (BIMOS) transistor merged with a dual back-to-back silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) for bulk and for ultrathin body box fully depleted (FD)-silicon on insulator (SOI) advanced CMOS technologies in the hybrid bulk thanks to process co-integration. It is well known that ESD protection is a challenge for IC in advanced CMOS technology. In this paper, an optimized solution is described through the concept, design, 3-D technology computer aided design (TCAD) simulation, and silicon characterization in 28-nm FD-SOI in hybrid bulk. Measurements are done thanks to transmission line pulsed (TLP), very fast TLP and dc behavior. Moreover, the overvoltage is investigated through very fast transient characterization system measurements. It demonstrates a promising candidate to protect against ESD event and to develop new ESD network dedicated to system on chip.


The relationship between chemical structure and spin state in a transition metal complex has an important bearing on mechanistic bioinorganic chemistry, catalysis by base metals, and the design of spin crossover materials. The latter provide an ideal testbed for this question, since small changes in spin state energetics can be easily detected from shifts in the spin crossover equilibrium temperature. Published structure-function relationships relating ligand design and spin state from the spin crossover literature give varied results. A sterically crowded ligand sphere favors the expanded metal–ligand bonds associated with the high-spin state. However, steric clashes at the molecular periphery can stabilize either the high-spin or the low-spin state in a predictable way, depending on their effect on ligand conformation. In the absence of steric influences, the picture is less clear since electron-withdrawing ligand substituents are reported to favor the low-spin or the high-spin state in different series of compounds. A recent study has shed light on this conundrum, showing that the electronic influence of a substituent on a coordinated metal ion depends on its position on the ligand framework. Finally, hydrogen bonding to complexes containing peripheral N‒H groups consistently stabilizes the low-spin state, where this has been quantified.


10 per cent. of the bodies which formed the subject of his anatomical observations. (Lebert, Virchow's Handbztch, 5 Bd., ii Abth. 2nd Lief, 1867, pag. 486.) All these conditions produce an obstacle to the interchange of gases, against which the deficient expiratory forces will for a long time labour in vain. I may, therefore, in conclusion, state that asthma is a symptom which accompanies diseases of the lungs in which deficient elasticity is the prominent feature, and in consequence of which the existing expiratory forces are only able to overcome an obstacle to respiration after prolonged and increased efforts. This view of the nature of asthma is, I am confident, in accordance with the anatomical condition of the lungs; and its adoption may not be without practical utility. Whilst hitherto the treatment of asthma mainly consists in the blunting of the nervous system, which, in point of fact, is set to watch over the respiratory organ and to warn it against its dangerous foes, we may, by strict attention to the anatomical basis of asthma, delay for a long time the -development of the last link of the pathological chain, as traced above.


The economic concepts of market formation, industrial organization, and the behavioral implications of market structure are difficult for students to conceptualize. In this paper, we establish ...


Standard test procedures are described for measuring resting metabolism (RM) and cold-induced summit metabolism (SM) which involve immersion of the animal in a water bath and measurement of gas exchange by an open-circuit respiratory system. The method has been evaluated using neonatal lambs and calves and adult sheep. Conditions of measurement of RM and SM are defined in relation to water temperature, time after feeding, and animal activity. During each test, water and rectal temperatures and respiratory gas exchange were continuously measured while the animal was confined in 38 °C water to measure RM. The water temperature was then reduced to 18 °C to measure SM and rate of body cooling. Resistance to body cooling was measured as the time taken for rectal temperature to fall to 35 °C while the animal was immersed in 18 °C water. By the described procedures, measurement of RM, SM, and resistance to body cooling could be completed within 3 h without exposure of the animal to excessively low ambient temper...


trans-2-Methylcyclopropylamine maleate was secured from J. H. Biel (Lakeside Laboratories), I-phenylcyclopropylamine hydrochloride from S. C. Bunce (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York), cisand trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine hydrochloride from H. Green (Smith, Kline, and French), and I-isonicotinyl-2-isopropylhydrazine phosphate (iproniazid) from M. J. Schiffrin (Hoffmann-LaRoche) . 4-Phenyl-n-butylamine was prepared by reduction of the corresponding nitrile with LiAIHI, as described for phenylpropylamine by Fort and Roberts (4). Its hydrochloride, m.p. 162-164", was obtained by precipitation from an ethereal solution of the amine and recrystallization from cyclohexane.


For the requirements of object migration, and dynamic reconfiguration of networks and systems in large\|scaled distributed systems, this paper proposed a hierarchical naming and addressing scheme which uses location\|independent IDs and addresses representing objects' location to identify objects.


i. Fundamentals of French Socialist foreign policy.?In its earlier stages of violent dissent Socialism could conceive of no foreign policy; the emphasis was upon international Socialism, not upon Socialist internationalism. Nations were artificial divi? sions of the human organism; the only natural divisions were those of class. Socialism was then more revolutionary than evo? lutionary, and it was hostile to almost all existing institutions and traditions, national organization and patriotism included. But with the advent of a new spirit, which looked more to slow but progressive development than to sudden cataclysmic revolu? tion, Socialists discovered that national organization was neces? sary to that development, and even indulged their emotions to the extent of taking pride in the achievements of their own par? ticular nations.