The increasing number of elderly people who live alone has raised serious social issues such as isolation, care problems, and lonely death. In particular, since elderly people who live alone have a higher rate of depression than general elderly people due to disconnection from good health and social life, it is necessary to promote health, form a social network, and increase leisure activities to prevent depression. Therefore, this study used data from the Korea Welfare Panel in 2020 and conducted a regression analysis to determine how much the health status, leisure life, and social relationship satisfaction of senior citizens who live alone explain the degree of depression. As a result of this study, it was found that the higher the education level of elderly people who live alone, the lower the feeling of depression, and the worse the health status, the higher the depression. The effect of education level on depression was significant with adjusted R2 .020 (p>.001), but the impact was not so great. However, in the regression model with health status added, ΔR2 increased by .151, confirming the effect of health status on depression. The explanatory power of the regression model, in which the variables of social relationship satisfaction and leisure life satisfaction were added, showed that the adjusted R2 was .203 (p>.001). That means that the higher the satisfaction with the social relationship and the higher the satisfaction with leisure activities, the lower the level of depression. Based on the results of analysis, this study proposes measures to prevent and respond to depression of elderly people who live alone.


Plasmoids and other reconnection‐related signatures have been observed in Jupiter's magnetotail through analysis of magnetic field and energetic particle data. Previous studies have established the spatial distribution and recurrence period of tail reconnection events, and identified the location of a statistical X‐line separating inward and outward flow. Here we present new analysis focusing specifically on 43 plasmoid signatures observed in magnetometer data in order to establish the average properties and internal structure of Jovian plasmoids. We present statistics on the observed plasmoid length scale, duration, radial position, and local time distribution. On average, the observed plasmoids have a ~3 RJ radial extent and ~7 min duration and result in the closure of ~4–8 GWb of open flux from reconnection of open field lines in the postplasmoid plasma sheet. We also determine the amount of mass released and the magnetic flux closed in order to understand the role of tail reconnection in the transport of mass and flux in Jupiter's magnetosphere. The observed plasmoid properties are consistent with a mass loss rate of ~0.7–120 kg/s and a flux closure rate of ~7–70 GWb/d. We conclude that tail reconnection and plasmoid release is an important method of flux transport at Jupiter but likely cannot account for the mass input from Io, suggesting that additional mass loss mechanisms may be significant. Finally, we examine the plasmoid interior structure through minimum variance analysis and find that most plasmoids lack a core field and are better described by magnetic loops rather than flux ropes.


Martyn Day (Leigh Day & Co.) considers the Report of the SALS Working Party on the Ethics of Conditional Fee Arrangements (CFAs) particularly the potential conflict in relations between solicitors/barristers and their clients as a result of the "no win, no fee" system. Published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies and its Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London.


Pose estimation is a well-studied problem in computer vision. Many solutions which provide high accuracy depend on nonlinear optimization. For real-time applications, linear or closed-form solutions are preferred. Some relatively new methods also fuse inertial sensor data with that from the visual sensor to achieve higher accuracy. We propose a closed-form solution to estimate camera pose using two lines and gravity information. The system is developed so that it could work in unprepared environments which satisfy the Manhattan world assumption. We first test the proposed method on a synthetic data set and compare it to other state-of-the-art point and line based pose estimation methods, comparing their mean rotation and mean translation errors. I.M.U. noise effect on the overall performance of the system is also tested. We then proceed to test our algorithm in real world by rectifying perspective deformed images. The deviation of the calculated pose from the ground-truth pose is calculated for each image to test the real world performance of the proposed algorithm. Also, I.M.U. noise is calculated, which correspond to the 0.5% noise level expected in low cost I.M.U.'s.


Sucrose is one of the main feedstocks for fermentation industry. Mainly produced from sugar cane, this sugar has several advantages over glucose from corn. Sucrose production uses fewer amounts of energy, water, and chemicals. It does not need a hydrolysis step that is used in the glucose production. Sucrose is also less expensive than glucose. Escherichia coli is the backbone for research in prokaryotes. This bacterium is also one of the main industrial microbes. However, most industrial E. coli strains are derived from the wild types that do not utilize sucrose. The study on this bacterium is usually performed in glucose medium. Therefore, its sucrose metabolism is relatively less understood. Consequently, the industrial application of E. coli for producing high value chemicals from sucrose is not common. Some E. coli strains posses a capable of sucrose utilization. One of these strains is E. coli W. This strain uses chromosomally encoded sucrose catabolism (csc)
 regulon to utilize the sugar. The regulon consists of cscA (invertase), cscB (permease), cscK (fructokinase), and cscR (repressor). In this thesis, a Systems Biology approach was applied to characterize sucrose metabolism in this strain in order to generate important knowledge for metabolic engineering. The study showed that E. coli W can grow on sucrose as fast as on glucose, but the rate was controlled by sucrose concentration. This shows that the sucrose utilization has not been optimized in this strain. A high similarity in the growth kinetic, exo-metabolome, and transcriptome was observed between the cell grow on sucrose and glucose. The role of Crp in carbon catabolite repression was confirmed. Some variations were seen in the fluxes of carbon metabolism. We found that this strain is able to co-utilize acetate and sugar (glucose or sucrose), providing advantages over mostly used K12 strains. Hence, W is a potential strain for sucrose metabolic engineering. Further
 charactization was conducted in W mutants capable of growth on low sucrose. Mutation in the sucrose permease was the most frequently observed, indicating the importance of this mutation for improving sucrose utilization. A study of non-csc genes revealed the role of trehalose repressor, showing the possibility sucrose transport by trehalose permease. Under optimum sucrose transport, the growth was found to be controlled by fructokinase activity, making this enzyme a potential target for sucrose metabolic engineering. Using the knowledge gained from the charactization studies, high cell density cultivation was performed for producing PHB to serve as a platform for the production of high value chemical from sucrose. The strain improvement by cscR deletion significantly improved the sucrose utilization and PHB productivity. Future study is needed to achieve PHB productivity from glucose demonstrated by optimized K12 derivative culture. In conclusion, this thesis is providing
 significant information on the characteristics of sucrose metabolism in E. coli W, which is essential for performing metabolic engineering. The study on sucrose mutant strains has provided an insight to the factors that may contribute to the sucrose utilization. The PHB production described in this thesis has demonstrated the potential of producing high value product from sucrose using E. coli W. All of these achievements have opened the way for specific studies on sucrose metabolism in E. coli and sucrose-based industrial application of this bacterium in the future


This paper proposes a method for automatic detection of Multiple Sclerosis lesion in Fluid Attenuated Inverse Recovery (FLAIR) Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI). The majority of proposed automatic methods require the acquisition of T1-weighted images, in addition to the FLAIR images, which are commonly acquired within a clinical setting. The T1 images are used to identify the main brain structures (white matter, gray matter and cerebrospinal fluid). The approach described in this paper intends to replace the T1 images by probabilistic atlases used for the same purpose. The analyzed results of this method show a significant high rate of lesion detection.


This letter presents a simple method to realize high-efficiency second-harmonic-tuned (2HT) power amplifier (PA). Compared with other works, this method can realize optimum fundamental and second-harmonic impedance matching accurately, thus to achieve a relatively high efficiency through only controlling the first two frequencies. Besides, to avoid the problem of transmission line with high characteristic impedance in traditional dual-band bias network, offset double-sided parallel-strip line is introduced. For demonstration, a PA using Cree CGH40010 GaN HEMT is designed and fabricated. The measured peak power added efficiency and drain efficiency reach 80.4% and 84.2%, respectively, with a corresponding output power and gain of 40.4 dBm and 13.4 dB at 2 GHz under continuous wave signal.


In 1990 a project was designated for an assignment for the rehabilitation of 23 bridges along Route 17 in Delaware and Sullivan Counties, New York by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT). The project included an in-depth condition inspection, load rating, development of Bridge Rehabilitation Project Reports (BRPRs) and preliminary and final rehabilitation design for the 23 bridges and associated approach pavements. As part of the project seismic analysis was performed utilizing three dimensional modeling of the structures in order to develop the seismic retrofit design. The details provided included modifying substructure seas widths; providing continuity at simple span girders, where possible; providing cable restraints at simple span girders which could not be spliced for continuity; splicing of existing pin and hanger connections; and bearing replacement.


One of the most determining factors in forest fire behaviour is to characterize forest fuel attributes. We investigated a complex Mediterranean forest type—mountainous Abies pinsapo–Pinus–Quercus–Juniperus with distinct structures, such as broadleaf and needleleaf forests—to integrate field data, low density Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS), and multispectral satellite data for estimating forest fuel attributes. The three-step procedure consisted of: (i) estimating three key forest fuel attributes (biomass, structural complexity and hygroscopicity), (ii) proposing a synthetic index that encompasses the three attributes to quantify the potential capacity for fire propagation, and (iii) generating a cartograph of potential propagation capacity. Our main findings showed that Biomass–ALS calibration models performed well for Abies pinsapo (R2 = 0.69), Juniperus spp. (R2 = 0.70), Pinus halepensis (R2 = 0.59), Pinus spp. mixed (R2 = 0.80), and Pinus spp.–Juniperus spp. (R2 = 0.59) forests. The highest values of biomass were obtained for Pinus halepensis forests (190.43 Mg ha−1). The structural complexity of forest fuels was assessed by calculating the LiDAR Height Diversity Index (LHDI) with regard to the distribution and vertical diversity of the vegetation with the highest values of LHDI, which corresponded to Pinus spp.–evergreen (2.56), Quercus suber (2.54), and Pinus mixed (2.49) forests, with the minimum being obtained for Juniperus (1.37) and shrubs (1.11). High values of the Fuel Desiccation Index (IDM) were obtained for those areas dominated by shrubs (−396.71). Potential Behaviour Biomass Index (ICB) values were high or very high for 11.86% of the area and low or very low for 77.07%. The Potential Behaviour Structural Complexity Index (ICE) was high or very high for 37.23% of the area, and low or very low for 46.35%, and the Potential Behaviour Fuel Desiccation Index (ICD) was opposite to the ICB and ICE, with high or very high values for areas with low biomass and low structural complexity. Potential Fire Behaviour Index (ICP) values were high or very high for 38.25% of the area, and low or very low values for 45.96%. High or very high values of ICP were related to Pinus halepensis and Pinus pinaster forests. Remote sensing has been applied to improve fuel attribute characterisation and cartography, highlighting the utility of integrating multispectral and ALS data to estimate those attributes that are more closely related to the spatial organisation of vegetation.


Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) is a recently developed technique for high-resolution complex imaging with a wide field-of-view. FPM combines captured low-resolution images corresponding to angle-varying illuminations in the Fourier domain with phase retrieval and synthetic aperture algorithms; consequently, it can surpass the space-bandwidth product limit of an objective lens. In typical FPM systems, the reconstructed result is sensitive to various types of system and environmental noise; thus, the quality can be significantly degraded. In this paper, based on the Wirtinger flow gradient descent framework, we propose an optimized phase retrieval method, which searches for the optimization results with iteratively changing weights and suppresses noise by utilizing captured noise and its corresponding constrained item. A correction term is further introduced into the new algorithm. This method cannot only adapt to varying sampling conditions but also provide an accurate optimum solution. We validate our method with both simulated and experimental images. The reconstructed results all illustrate the effectiveness and robustness of our method and demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly depress noise and improve the reconstruction performance of high-resolution complex images.


Rapid prototyping offers an iterative approach to requirements engineering to alleviate problems such as uncertainty, ambiguity, and inconsistency inherent in the process. As the systems development process is characterized by changing requirements and assumptions, involving multiple stakeholders with often differing viewpoints, it will be beneficial to capture in a structured manner the history of the development process. The authors describe how CAPS (computer aided prototyping system) as a prototyping tool, augmented with REMAP (representation and maintenance of process knowledge) framework for reasoning with process knowledge, helps firm up software requirements. This is accomplished by iterative negotiations between various customers and by examination of executable prototypes in the context of evolving requirements.<<ETX>>


The population suppression success of Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) using sterile insect technique (SIT) depends mainly upon the ability of sterilized males to locate and mate with wild females. The efficiency of the SIT also depends upon the relative frequencies of re-mating by wild females following first mating with sterilized or wild males. A semi field cage test was conducted to study the effect of three different sterilizing doses of gamma irradiation on the male mating performance. No significant differences were found in the ability of mating, the mating duration and mating site between the un-irradiated males and irradiated ones with the doses (80, 90 and 100 Gy) The irradiated males with the dose 80 Gy revealed mating ability higher than the irradiated males with the other doses (90 and 100 Gy) although un-irradiated males had a general higher ability than irradiated ones.


One high-resolution scheme is developed to compute unsteady,inviscid,compressible flows.In this paper,we are concerned about AUSMPW+ Riemann solver with the weighting function f based on pressure by considering monotonicity and compare it with Roe Riemann solver.For better accuracy,fifth-order WENO schemes are adopted to interpolate higher order left and right states across a cell interface.Third-order TVD Runge-Kutta method is used to advance the solution in time.The performance of the schemes has been assessed in four typical unsteady inviscid compressible flow problems: moving contact discontinuity problem,Sod's problem,regular shock reflection,and double Mach reflection of a strong shock.AUSMPW+ scheme with fifth-order WENO schemes interpolation proves to have the great capabilities to capture shock and contact discontinuities with high resolution and be more efficient than Roe scheme.


Abstract Kierkegaard's texts suggest countervailing construals of the respective roles of divine and human agency in an individual's pursuit of blessedness. Kierkegaard paradoxically suggests that the individual must depend entirely on grace for the birth and development of faith, and at the same time actively cultivate faithful dispositions and passions. But Kierkegaard did not espouse Calvinistic divine determinism, or Pelagian autonomous human agency, or the Arminian cooperation of the two. For Kierkegaard, the ostensible paradox of grace and free will is not a cognitive conundrum but is rather a challenge to integrate faith as a gift and faith as a task.


Objective To analyze the cilinical characteristics of a chinese family with Crouzon syndrome,combined with disease genes (FGFR2) identification of gene mutations,understanding the characteristics of the clinical onset of the disease and molecular genetic basis.Methods A single family underwent complete examinations,and three patients were diagnosed with Crouzon syndrome.The genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood collected from members of the family.Exons 3、4、5、6、7、8、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、18、19、21 of FGFR 2 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and directly sequenced.Results A W290R mutation of FGFR2 was found in three members of this Crouzon syndrome family.Conclusions This mutation might cause ligand-independent activation of FGFR2 signaling pathway,which could result in abnormal ossification and excessive ossification.The W290R mutation may be one of the reasons that cause the Crouzon syndrome in Chinese.

Key words:
Crouzon syndrome;  Fibroblast growth factor receptors 2;  Gene mutation


ICA Maxi in Kungälv is about to get new competition close by, something which the store has not gotten before. Their situation is not unique, it is something that has happened before in multiple places. How stores have handled the situation and what the outcome became has differed. From similar cases it is possible to learn and draw information in order to divine what will happen with ICA Maxi Kungälv's situation. Stores located close to each other are likely to compete about the same customers as their geographical area is the same. Because of this the customers' loyalty is of importance to the pre-existing store. Customers to food stores are very disloyal compared with other retailers' customers and it is therefore necessary to know what a food store is going up against and how to keep its customers. For ICA Maxi in Kungälv this will be of a high interest since its new competitor will open only a few blocks away. The report has a case study design where managers at different stores, which have gone through similar situations, have been interviewed. To get an understanding of the customers' behaviour the customers at the stores of interest, as well as at their competitors, have been surveyed. The information obtained from the managers and customers was analysed to find common ground as well as differences in their characteristics, handling of the situation as well as the outcome. The conclusions were then applied on ICA Maxi Kungälv's situation. The stores interviewed have different characteristics and are of different sizes since ICA Maxi Kungälv today functions as both a store for complementary and big shopping, which is needed to create a bigger scenery for the potential future. Three topics will be investigated and used to analyse the competitive situations. Competition is used to understand the customers' behaviour and how it effects the prerequisites that the companies have to run their businesses. The topic customer loyalty is mainly focused on the food store industry and is used to better understand the behaviour of the customers. Lastly change management applies to how the competition and customer loyalty should be handled seeing to the new situation the stores face. It is important to acknowledge that the question is not if the customers will try the new store but rather how to make them return and keep shopping at the original store. Having this in mind ICA Maxi Kungälv should work with making their store better in the areas which the customers find important. By working with advertisement and the personal experience in the store the familiarity will increase and thereby enhance the probability of continued shopping. Another important action is to rebuild or update the store in order to be seen as fresh and inviting compared to the new competitor. Much can also be done with developing the food stores' loyalty programs to make the customers more loyal.


The implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) may serve as a bridge to transplantation or lead to recovery of the failing heart (1–3). However, because of limitations in the availability of donor organs, the permanent implantation of an LVAD as an alternative for heart transplantation may be an option in the future


In this paper,based on the trace of the yield function on the π plane in Shanghai clay,the model for small strain is extended into the one for finite strain.A modified non-coaxial elastoplastic model of soft soil in Shanghai is presented by introducing a non-coaxial item.


(57) Summary The present invention relates to an absorbent article comprising a formed air-laid web and another formed fibrous web. Molded webs provide improved physical compatibility, comfort, and / or improved fluid handling. For example, a molded air-deposited web can be formed to have a central longitudinal ridge and a bending area spaced longitudinally from the central longitudinal ridge, so that when pressed from both sides. , Can provide good contact with the body and improved compatibility. Energy sources can include microwaves, heated air, heated metal surfaces, ultraviolet radiation, and ultrasonic energy.


The oscillating characteristics of slug vapor or plug liquid flow in a capillary tube called as oscillating heat pipe(OHP) is presented. The oscillation phenomena in a capillary tube including effects of capillary force, dimensions, gravitational force, and initial pressure distribution etc. of the working fluid were observed and this working conditions were considered to find the optimum design condition. While it demonstrates that the capillary tube diameter, heating-cooling length, slug bubble size, and unit cell numbers affect the heat transfer and oscillation performance, Also these various working parameters of the OHP significantly affect the frequency and amplitude of oscillating motion in the capillary tube. An experimental study of a closed loop oscillating heat pipe was conducted. The oscillating heat pipes charged with distilled water was tested. In a vertically oriented top heating mode, the oscillating phenomena of the slug flow in the oscillating heat pipe was observed. This paper attempts to investigate the thermal operation behavior of OHP in terms of oscillating behavior. In the present study, the working condition of OHP with the non-conventional heating/cooling mode was verified experimentally. Meanwhile, some promising and innovatory applications of the OHP are also proposed for future electric vehicles. This paper is expected which can provide the basic operation principle of OHP with uneven working condition.


Abstract : Methods are described which permit one to work with continuous-time optimal stopping problems, using the heat equation, even when the prior placed on the drift parameter of a Wiener process is not normal. The details of the method are worked out for Chernoff's problem of testing the sign of the drift parameter when the prior is smooth. Keywords: Sequential Bayes; Heat equation; Brownian motion; Asymptotic; Free boundary problems.


Background: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers in women, significantly contributing to cancer-related death in the modern world. Obesity, as a worldwide epidemic besides the menopausal status, has a paradoxical association with BC. Objectives: To determine the molecular mechanisms underlying the paradoxical effects of obesity on BC, a comprehensive systems biology analysis was performed. Methods: Data retrieval, data preprocessing, and differential expression analysis were conducted. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) identified the gene modules associated with clinical traits. Network analysis and hub gene identification techniques revealed key regulatory genes, and functional enrichment analysis uncovered biological pathways related to hub genes. A logistic regression model was developed to predict menopausal status based on hub genes. Additionally, gene expression analysis of two important genes was performed by qPCR. Results: The study identified the hub genes and molecular pathways (the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, proteoglycans in cancer, and lipid metabolic and atherosclerosis pathways) associated with the obesity paradox in BC based on menopausal statutes. Conclusions: These results may improve our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of the effects of body mass on BC and assist in identifying biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for treating obese postmenopausal women with BC.


Based on two databases,the first one is global sea Nutrients which was released by the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in 2007,which was named World Ocean Atlas 2005(WOA05).The other one is global topography which was issued by the United States National Geophysical Data Center in 2006.This paper used MATLAB computer program plot and numerical analysis techniques to analyze the seasonal variation characteristics of nutrients distribution in the northern of the East China Sea.The results are as follows: Firstly,the general characters of Nitrate and Phosphate distributions in the northern East China Sea are similar.Their concentrations in the northwest of the study area are higher than that in the southeast,decrease from the near shore to offshore,increase from the surface to the bottom.The maximum of Silicate also is in the Northwest of the area,but there is a sub-maximum concentration in the Northeast.Secondly,the nutrients concentration increased with depth in all seasons.There is not any nutrient cline.The average concentrations of nutrients in the surface are the highest in winter.Nitrate in the 50~150 meters layer and Silicate in the 50~200 meters layer are the highest in summer.There are weak changes in the bottom during four seasons,and in 400~500 m layer Phosphate and Silicate concentrations are largest in autumn.Finally there are high-nutrient closed contours in four seasons,which is high-nutrient water mass.The high-Nitrate nutrition water masse's center moves from the south to the north-east,then the west,and finally to the southeast.This center moves within 125~128°E,29~31°N in four seasons.There is also a cycle of change in intensity,the strongest is in winter,the weakest is in summer.High-Phosphate nutrient center locates on 125.5°E,30.5°N,and Silicate locates on 128.5°E,30.5°N.


Sampling is an inevitable means of testing in quality inspections. However sampling is always associated with sampling risks that inspectors have to control. This paper aims to reveal the reliability and efficacy of the commonly used formula, 'Square root of N plus one', in lot acceptance sampling. An Operating Characteristic Curve is exploited to test the validity of the sampling plan and it offers a further dimension to unveil the unreliability of it. The probability of accepting a defective lot is increased substantially from larger to smaller lot sizes with the deployment of the √N + 1 rule as a sampling plan. Using a sampling plan blindly from recognized sources and pursuing a traditional practice does not ensure that the sampling plan is statistically valid. Regardless of the source of the sampling plan and how it is indexed, it is the actual acceptable quality level (AQL) and lot tolerance percent defective (LTPD) of the sampling plan that describes its protection and determines validity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The purpose of this study was to: 1) To identify and analyze the implementation of the principle of presumption valid for notaries who make Partij deed according to Law No. 2 of 2014 concerning amendments to the law No. 30 of 2004 concerning Notary. 2) To identify and analyze problems and solutions for the implementation of a legitimate presumption that a deed Partij Notary according to Law No. 2 of 2014 concerning amendments to the law No. 30 of 2004 concerning Notary. The data used in this study are primary data, secondary data and data that can support tertiary study, which was then analyzed by normative.Based on the results of data analysis concluded that: 1) an assessment of the Deed as the product of a public official, it must be done with the presumption of unauthorized or Vermoeden van rechtmatigheid or Presumptio lustae Causa, the Deed must be considered valid until there are those who claim deed is invalid then in the contested through the courts and there is a court decision that has permanent legal force 2) in the implementation of the principle of presumption valid for notaries who make Partij deed still major obstacles in the face by the Notary Public. Such constraints due to actions undertaken by the giving false information to the Notary in the process is an authentic deed, causing loss to the parties who feel aggrieved. The solution of the presumption of lawful implementation for notaries who make Partij deed is the absence of legal protection and legal justice for notaries who here become victims of false information given by to the Notary. In the event of the above, none of the violations committed by the Notary. Because of the early events at the root of the problem are the bad faith of the Notary. So that the implementation of their legitimate presumption that a deed Partij Notary shall apply. Because of the early events at the root of the problem are the bad faith of the Notary. So that the implementation of their legitimate presumption that a deed Partij Notary shall apply. Because of the early events at the root of the problem are the bad faith of the Applicant. So that the implementation of their legitimate presumption that a deed Partij Notary shall apply.Keywords: Principle of Legal Presumption, Notary, Partij deed.


This paper presents an optimization for vowel recognition in Thai spoken language. Thai language consists of 18 unmixed vowels (a,aa,i,ii,omega,omegaomega,u,uu,e,ee,epsi,epsiepsi,o,oo, gamma,gammagamma,sigmav,sigmavsigmav); and 6 mixed vowels (ua,u:a:,ia,i:a:,omegaa,omega:a:). Previously we have proposed use a 3-stage decision-making process: using voice energy and polynomial regression for short and long vowels classification; identifying voice segment (frame) into basic vowels; and using decision rule for recognition on unmixed and mixed vowels. The optimization is done by reducing the order of LPC and choosing a reduced set of critical band intensities (CBI). With this, the percentage accuracy remains high while processing time is decreased by 85%. The experiment is carried out on voice samples from 3 male model, 3 female model, and 2 male and 2 female model, yielding an accuracy of 91.47, 94.98, and 91.72 percents respectively


. 1 O'Reilly: Stop the World, We Want Our Own Labels: Treaties, State Voter Ini Published by Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository, 2014 U. Pa. J. Int'l Econ. L. new trading arrangements do not merely disfavor dis-integrative local impositions on trade, but exclude them as well. Congressional compromises over U.S. acceptance of the Uruguay Round of GATT structured but did not eliminate this jeopardy to state laws.4 Within the United States, if state voter initiatives clash with the Constitution, or with the nation's international trade obligations as established by treaties, the state initiative legislation must recede.5 California's eccentric 1986 labeling initiative, voterapproved "Proposition 65 6 requiring product warnings and imposing privately-enforced penalties, will be an important test case of treaty supremacy in the coming years. The states as a "laboratory of democracy" at the state ballot box have produced an unusual mixture of laws over the years. The California initiative produced a disclosure scheme impacting thousands of imported and domestic goods. When import trade, state sovereignty, cancer fears, and the environment clash, the result makes for interesting new legal disputes: will the engine of world commerce and global trade politics be strong enough to outpower one state's novel scheme? Section 2 of this Article sets the groundwork for the potential conflict between state law and international treaty obligations. Section 3 examines the substantive and procedural aspects of California's Proposition 65. Section 4 discusses principles of ' See generally Final Act Embodying the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateial Trade Negotiations, Apr. 15, 1994, LEGAL INSTRUMENTS-RESULTS OF THE URUGUAY ROUND vol. 1 (1994), 33 I.L.M. 1125 (1994) [hereinafter Final Act] establishing the World Trade Organization in furtherance of the general goals of liberalizing world trade and eliminating domestic barriers thereto). ' See Uruguay Round Agreements Act, Pub. L. No. 103-465, S 103 (codified at 19 U.S.C. § 3512 (1994)) (establishing a dispute settlement mechanism to resolve conflicts that may arise between state law and the Uruguay Round agreements). ' The rules of statutory construction apply to the initiative statute. See Center for Pub. Interest Law v. Fair Political Practices Comm'n, 259 Cal. Rptr. 21, 26 (Cal. Ct. App. 1989). However, the presumption of constitutionality will lead the court to adopt an interpretation that avoids rendering the statute unconstitutional. See 2A NORMAN J. SINGER, SUTHERLAND STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION S 45.11 (5th ed. 1992). 6 See CAL. HEALTH & SAFETY CODE § 25249.1 (West 1992). The law was adopted as a ballot measure enumerated as "Proposition 65" on the 1986 general election ballot. See generally ROGER L. CARRICK, SURVIVING PROPOSITION 65 (1987) (providing historical background on the measure). [Vol. 18:2 2 Journal of International Law, Vol. 18, Iss. 2 [2014], Art. 8 http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/jil/vol18/iss2/8 TREA TIES AND FEDERALISM federal pre-emption doctrine and reasons why they, in themselves, have not rendered Proposition 65 unenforcable. Section 5 explores the theoretical implications of the GATT and WTO on domestic laws. Section 6 predicts the ways that these principles might actually be applied by WTO panels. Finally, Section 7 foresees an inevitable collision between the principles discussed in the previous sections and suggests that the results of this conflict will shape the future of federalism, government regulation, and international trade. 2. BACKGROUND OF THE DEBATE 2.1. The Role of Treaty Obligations Many treaties are international agreements used to speed up and simplify trade in commercial goods. World trade has increasingly been subject to tariff reduction or elimination treaties that promote the free flow of goods among nations. The recentlyformed World Trade Organization ("WTO"), an outgrowth of seven years of negotiation under GATT's Uruguay Round,8 fo: example, is the most far-reaching affirmation of the importance of a global view of trade for the United States.9 GATT opened U.S. markets to consumer goods made in every other signatory nation."0 Multinational decisions made in the form of global treaties and bilateral agreements will dominate the twenty-first century regulatory obligations of producers and exporters with respect to topics such as labeling and bans of certain ingredients. ' See Final Act, supra note 3, art. I ("The World Trade Organization (hereinafter referred to as 'the WTO' is hereby established."); see also id. arts. Il-V, VII-VII (establishing the scope, functions, structure, budget, and general legal status of the WTO). ' See generally JEFFREY SCHOTT & JOHANNA W. BuURMAN, THE URUGUAY ROUND: AN ASSESSMENT (1994) (detailing the events and contours of the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations). 9 See generally ROBERT HUDEC, ENFORCING INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW: THE EVOLUTION OF THE MODERN GATT LEGAL SYSTEM (1993); 2 LAW & PRACTICE OF THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (Joseph Dennin ed., 1995) [hereinafter LAW & PRACTICE]. 10 See GATT, supra note 1, art. IE (establishing generally the principle of national treatment: once goods have been imported into one GATT member nation from another, the receiving nation may not discriminate between the imported goods and domestically produced goods); see generally KENNETH N. DAM, THE GATT: LAW AND INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION (1970). 19971 3 O'Reilly: Stop the World, We Want Our Own Labels: Treaties, State Voter Ini Published by Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository, 2014 U. Pa. J Int'l Econ. L. Under the Constitution, the President is assigned the task of negotiating international treaties, subject to the advice and consent of the Senate." Treaties have special status; they become the law of the United States under Article VI, Clause 2 of the Constitution.12 A decision that a treaty should contain certain provisions regarding trade, for example, would probably generate considerable political conflict within the Senate. The Senate has the authority to decide whether to ratify a treaty 3 and then both Houses of Congress enact the necessary implementing legislation. 4 This treaty power is part of the national government's constitutional duties, a power that the Tenth Amendment did not reserve to the states by the Tenth Amendment."5 Federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction over cases arising under international treaties.16 Treaties are contracts between the United States and another nation.'7 They ordinarily pre-empt any state law to the contrary, especially state laws that hinder operation of an international treaty.19 In effect, a treaty trumps state law that adopts a contrary requirement. " See U.S. CONST. art. II, S 2, cl. 2. 12 See id. art. VI, cl. 2; see also Dreyfus v. Von Finck, 534 F.2d 24, 29 (2d Cir.), cert. denied, 429 U.S. 835 (1976) ("A United States treaty is a contract with another nation which under art. VI, cl.2 of the Constitution becomes a law of the United States."). "3 See U.S. CONST. art. I. 14See, e.g., Uruguay Round Agreements Act, Pub. L. No. 103-465, 108 Stat. 4814 (1994) (codified at 19 U.S.C. 3512 (1994)). " See U.S. CONST. amend. X; Reid v. Covert, 354 U.S. 1, 18 (1957) (stating that "to the extent that the United States can validly make treaties, the people and the states have delegated their power to the National Government and the Tenth Amendment is no barrier"). 16 See 28 U.S.C. § 1331(a) (1994). 17 See Von Finck, 534 F.2d at 29 (holding that a "United States treaty is a contract with another nation which under Art. VI, cl. 2 of the Constitution becomes a law of the United States"). '" See Oneida Indian Nation v. New York, 691 F.2d 1070, 1088 (2d Cir. 1982) (stating that under the Supremacy Clause, "treaties entered into by Congress were binding on the states and paramount to any conflicting acts on the part of their legislatures"). " See In re Air Crash in Bali, Indonesia, 684 F.2d 1301, 1309 (9th Cir. 1982) (holding that California state law was pre-empted to the extent it would prevent the operation of an international treaty). [Vol. 18:2 4 Journal of International Law, Vol. 18, Iss. 2 [2014], Art. 8 http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/jil/vol18/iss2/8 TREA TIES AND FEDERALISM 2.2. Communicating About Risks This Article addresses an unusual variant on the toxicological principle that "the dose makes the poison." 20 Toxicologists calculate the risk of cancer from product exposure to or misuse of certain chemicals; in some cases, the assessment of risk is so high that the government opts to regulate by compelling protective measures such as warning labels. The presence and composition of chemicals in a formulated product can be determined by analysis. The mere presence of a chemical is not properly equated with risk of cancer or other hazards to human users of a prod-


In Chinese ,compounds of noun\|verb/adjective type can be divided into two groups:one with noun\|modifier\|predicative\|centre structure and the other with subject\|predicate structure.The fact that the same pattern form different grammatical structures critically depend on the collocational restriction between morphemes in a word: for the former ,it is the second morpheme that selects the first one with a narrow selective range (often only one),and the second morpheme indicates typical character of the first one generally; for the latter ,it is the first morpheme that selects the second one with a relatively wide range,so all possible selections make sense.Morphemic collocational restriction makes word structure and meaning fixed,and even affects on the subject if in use.


THE author describes this book as 'a fresh assault on the Synoptic Problem'. His interest in this topic began as long ago as 1937 when Dom John Chapman's study Matthew, Mark and Luke (London) was published defending the traditional 'Augustinian' view of the order in which the gospels were written. Despite the prevailing opinion of his teachers who favoured the generally accepted hypothesis of Marean priority, Wenham found Chapman's arguments 'at least as good as Streeter's, whose The Four Gospels (London, 1927)had become the standard work on the subject in English'. While not accepting all Chapman's positions, Wenham became and remains 'an undogmatic Augustinian'; but he now puts 'very little weight on a literary dependence of one evangelist on another'. The title he has chosen for his book is, as he admits, 'a conscious echo of J. A. T. Robinson's Redating the New Testament (London, 1976), though, in fact, the two books are almost entirely independent in their treatment of the synoptic problem'. Wenham accepts Harnack's conclusion that the Acts of the Apostles ends where it does because there is nothing more to say: 'In other words the end of the story gives the date of the book: c. 62'. That means that Luke's gospel 'can be dated with some assurance in the early 50s'. Accepting as justified the widely held view, Wenham believes that 'the author of Luke's gospel knew the gospel of Mark, which must be dated earlier still ... and that it can be placed satisfactorily in the mid-40s'. He would place Matthew's gospel 'with some reserve' as the first gospel, but leaves it 'an open question whether Mark knew Matthew in a Semitic or a Greek form'. All this the author explains in his Introduction, which he subtitles 'A Radical Thesis'. He tells us that his 'new approach to the synoptic problem ... denies literary dependence as the primary explanation of the likenesses of the gospels, and yet also questions complete literary independence. The later evangelists are seen as probably writing with knowledge of the earlier gospels but they are not seen as systematically altering their predecessors' work' (p. xxiii). Manifestly there can be no adequate substitute for a careful, detailed study of Wenham's book. In his earlier chapters he examines successively the relationships between the gospels: of Luke to Mark, of Luke to Matthew and of Matthew to Mark. He then studies in order the ancient testimonies to the three gospels. There is a special chapter on the date of Peter's going to Rome followed by further considerations on Mark's gospel. Finally, there are three chapters entitled respectively 'How Were the Gospels Written?', 'Jesus-Tradition Oral and Written', and 'When Were the Gospels Written'. A very helpful feature of this erudite book is the summary which precedes each chapter, directing the reader's attention to the main argument that follows. The 60 pages of Notes at the end show how well the book is documented. This is unquestionably a work of serious scholarship and it is not easy reading. Whether it will make any converts remains to be seen. Books on the synoptic problem are seldom if ever read by those with open minds.


This paper investigates the complex dynamical phenomena such as bifurcations and chaos in a structure of strongly coupled neural oscillators. Bifurcation diagrams and topological properties of these periodic solutions are then obtained, where synchronization phenomena are completely classified. A new bursting response is also observed and discussed.


Serum cholesterol levels of 1,236 healthy persons, including 775 members of 201 families, were analyzed in the investigation of the genetic control of serum cholesterol. It was concluded that there is an important genetic component in the determination of this level in healthy persons, that the gene is probably not sex-linked, and that environmental factors seem to play a lesser role.


Lhasa Tibetan is described in a number of independent research traditions which give different accounts of its phonology.
 To what extent do these discrepancies reflect real dialectal or idiolectal differences? To what extent do they reflect different analyses of
 the same system?
 In this paper, we examine one aspect of Lhasa Tibetan phonology on which different descriptions show substantial
 discrepancies: vowels. Different descriptions of Lhasa Tibetan transcribe from 8 to more than 16 vowel qualities, ascribing to them
 different degrees of phonemicity. A detailed comparison of the transcription systems shows that all reflect the same underlying system of 12
 vowel sounds, which agrees with the transcription conventions of the Seattle Tibetanists. The discrepancies among the systems mostly concern
 four vowels, namely ɔ, ə, ɪ and ʊ. These vowels, which started as allophonic variants of other vowels, later appear in a set of words which
 cannot be explained as allophony, and hence are unambiguous phonemes in contemporary Lhasa Tibetan.


Nonreciprocal full-digital Tx/Rx beamforming array system is a potential solution of beyond 5G and 6G. A high-performance wideband frequency synthesizer for nonreciprocal full-digital beamforming array system is proposed in this paper. The frequency synthesizer was developed with high stability, high resolution, low phase noise and low spurs. The output frequency range of synthesizer is 45MHZ to 44.8GHz with 1Hz resolution. The results show that the phase noise of frequency synthesizer is-103.27dBc/Hz @10kHz when the output frequency is 22GHz.


This paper describes a modular system, which provides capability for capturing videos and screen casts from lectures and presentations in any academic or commercial environment. The system uses client-server architecture. Client node sends streams from available multimedia devices to local area network. The server provides functions for capturing video from streams and for distributing the captured video files using torrent. For protecting the video files, the web-based user interface provides authentication and authorization similar to the traditional Unix file permissions system.


For original paper see Love ibid., vol.16, p.5985 (1983). The arguments used in a recent paper to derive a formula for the electrical conductivity involving the derivative of the Fermi occupation function with respect to temperature are shown to be wrong.


Abstract Materials containing light elements and characterized by a dense structure present specific physico-chemical properties. The carbonitrides CxNy, and in particular C3N4, have attracted the attention of the scientific community during these last ten years. The main chemical problem in the synthesis of such materials is to introduce nitrogen into the lattice, due to the strong stability of N2. In order to prevent nitrogen loss, the use of high pressures and the selection of nitriding media can be developed. The present contribution describes the main results obtained through two routes: (i) the thermal decomposition of precursors containing carbon and nitrogen under high pressure conditions (2-6GPa) (without or with nitrogen solvent) (ii) the high pressure condensation of "organic" precursors containing carbon and nitrogen.


Hydrophilic polyester was prepared by blending conventional PET chips with polyacrylic acid. The thermal properties of the blended polyester were tested by means of TG and DSC. It was found that it was blended with conventional polyester. The thermal properties of the ester are relatively stable, and the melting point is lowered, which can lower the processing temperature in production. In terms of mechanical properties, the properties of the blended polyester first increase and then decrease. By characterizing the antistatic properties of the blended polyester, it was found that the antistatic properties of the blended polyester can reach 109 Ω·m, which is much higher than conventional PET materials.


Summary

A vocabulary for the description of the sensory properties of Finnish rye breads was developed as a basis for the design of a practical quality control/product development system to be used in a later study.

Six samples, selected from thirty-two commercial rye breads, were evaluated for the intensity of twenty-nine attributes and for similarity between sample pairs. Significant differences were found between samples in the intensity of twenty-eight of these descriptors. The data were combined by a multidimensional scaling procedure (KYST 2A and PROFIT), which revealed three discriminative dimensions among the samples: (1) from pleasant rye-like to unpleasant flour-like; (2) from sweet to bitter; and (3) the presence/absence of a characteristic flavour caused by specific baking conditions (low temperature, long baking time).

The PROFIT procedure identified 20 attributes as important for quality of rye bread samples using multiple correlation coefficients. There were five appearance attributes, two odour attributes, six taste attributes, five texture attributes and overall impression of pleasantness and freshness.


The need to study tectonic movements development over time in connection with description of various issues of Petroleum Geology has been analyzed. Among them there are regional-geological work, the study of tectonic movements over time (geotectonic cycles, etc.), uneven rifts. Regional and global connection of different age folded structures development in time has been established. Such studies will provide a unified scheme of historical and geological periodization and geotectonic cycles, formation patterns of tectonic structures containing oil and gas, deposition development in time, age determination of folded structures that are the basis for the creation of tectonic maps. There is the need to harmonize our views in this field.


In this study, the microfiltration of polyester fluid containing solid suspension has been investigated under constant pressure. A membrane module, which consists of a microfilter paper of surface area of 19.4 cm2 and a SS-316 net support (160 mesh), was used. It was found that the homogeneous sodium acetate suspension in polymer can be completely removed by the membrane filter paper to yield a very clear polymer product. The property and rheology of polyester fluid with suspending solids have been studied. The polymer fluid can be viewed as a Newtonian fluid in this work. The filtration behavior in the membrane system was simulated by the blocking filtration law. Satisfactory fit between experimental data and theoretical calculations was demonstrated. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 71: 2303–2312, 1999


Data on the nuclear equation of state from a number of different sources, from nuclei, high energy nuclear collisions, supernova and neutron stars is analyzed. The current situation concerning supernova simulations is critically appraised. It is found that simulations that have achieved a prompt ejection do so with an equation of state that is too soft to support the measured masses of several known neutron stars. It is concluded that supernova explosions have not been proven to provide a significant constraint on the nuclear equation of state. Additionally it is concluded that the theoretical bias used to interpret data on neutron star masses as if they belonged to a populatio~ all having the same mass (of 1.4.Me) is unjustified. Evidence from the various nuclear data and neutron star masses favor a high compression modulus, K ::::: 300MeV. No definitive statement can be made about the equation of state at higher density, save that the neutron star equation of state must be moderately stiff to accommodate neutron stars of mass ::::: 1.85.M 0 .


Tire noise is an effective noise source of vehicles. The mechanism of tire noise is very complex. Moreover, the external factors can affect tire noise. Then, it is very difficult to estimate the tire noise with mathematic models and computational methods. Therefore, the test experiment using anechoic and semi-anechoic chamber is important to study the characteristics of the tire noise. In this paper, the factors affecting the noise of radial tire are analyzed; the noise characteristics of the radial tire are obtained by experiments. From the experiment results, it can be seen that tire wear is the main factor of tire noise.


Formulations, classification, areas of application, and approaches to solving different inverse problems are considered for the design of structures, modeling, and experimental data processing. Problems in the practical implementation of theoretical-experimental methods based on solving inverse problems are analyzed in order to identify mathematical models of physical processes, aid in input data preparation for design parameter optimization, help in design parameter optimization itself, and to model experiments, large-scale tests, and real tests of engineering systems.


Integral elastic scattering cross sections have been measured by the attenuation method for potassium ions with an energy selected in the range of 500–4000 eV scattered by room‐temperature He, Ne, Ar, and Kr atoms through effective laboratory angles greater than 5×10−3 rad. The repulsive potentials have been derived from the measured values of the cross sections with allowance for the density distribution across the beam in the collision chamber. The potentials are well represented by the following expressions: He:    V(r) = 1110 exp(−4.15r)    for    1.23 < r < 1.77,Ne:    V(r) = 4910 exp(−4.40r)    for    1.55 < r < 2.04,Ar:    V(r) = 2920 exp(−3.46r)    for    1.79 < r < 2.43, and Kr:    V(r) = 6420 exp(−3.69r)    for    1.92 < r < 1.53, where V(r) is in electron volts and r in angstroms.


The soil suction is a key variable in the analysis of the hydro-mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils. The filter paper method (FPM) calculates soil suction indirectly by measuring the gravimetric water content of the filter paper at equilibrium that is related to soil suction through a predetermined calibration curve. The matric suctions inferred from FPM depend on the calibration between the water content of the filter paper and suction. Therefore, some published calibration curves (Fawcett and Collis-George 1967; Hamblin 1981; Chandler and Gutierrez 1986; Chandler et al. 1992; ASTM D-5298 1992; and Oliveira and Marinho 2006) for the Whatman 42 filter paper are used to interpret the suction measurements of an unsaturated compacted silty sand. Experimental errors induced by using an inadequate calibration curve are discussed. The test results compared to other techniques used to measure or control suctions in the compacted soil specimens are reasonably accurate.


The invention particularly relates to a four-channel joint test system for a urinary sediment analyzer. The four-channel joint test system comprises a sampling needle and is characterized in that the sampling needle is connected with a plurality of parallel connection sample introduction channels, the number of the sample introduction channels is 3 to 10, the sample introduction channels are connected with corresponding test channels of a counting chamber respectively, and the test channels are combined and then connected with a first liquid pump. The four-channel joint test system greatly improves test precision and test speed of the urinary sediment analyzer, cross contamination between samples is avoided to a large extent, and the problem of liquid path blockage is solved well.


To become a school counselor, school librarian, educational diagnostician, reading specialist, or master teacher you must complete an approved Educator Preparation Program (EPP). School Counselor, School Librarian, Educational Diagnostician and Reading Specialist Certificate Requirements The requirements found


The present invention relates to a radio frequency identification reader, comprising: transmitting means (110) for generating a radio frequency identification transponder (108) inductively coupled to the field; intensity of the field measurement tool field ( 116); according to the measured field intensity adjustment of the transmission power adjustment means (112).


Extended-day or supplemental academic programs have been part of the educational landscape for decades, often existing—and even flourishing— without any evaluation of their actual or potential impact. Some students attend these programs because they need to address gaps in basic skills, while others may have to develop more effective learning strategies. Still others want to learn and practice the skills necessary to improve test scores, and others eXeCUtiVe sUmmarY


Protein and Albumin are important materials for young and adult cattle. The
function of Protein and Albumin in the body is not only for the nutrient intake, yet it
gives effect to the reproductive performance. This research aims to compare the
levels of protein and albumin between SimPO cattle and PO, also its conjuction with
service per conception (S/C).
This study was performed using 9 PO cattles and 7 SimPOcattles aged two to
five years. The blood sample taken from each cattle was used to understand the levels
of protein and albumin in the blood plasma. This study was performed by survey and
interview methods to the breeders to know the reproduction performance, ie S/C. The
obtained data were analyzed using independent t-test.
The results showed that blood plasma of SimPO cattle had an average levels
of protein and albumin in amount of 7,38 ± 97 mg/dl dan 3,21 ± 30 mg/dl in a row,
while the levels of protein and albumin in the blood plasma of PO cattles are 7.37 ±
97 mg / dl and 3.51 ± 25 mg / dl. The results of the analysis using independent t-test
showed no difference in the levels of protein and albumin between SimPO and PO
cattles. On the S/C analysis result of SimPO cattle is 1,71 ± 1,11 and on the SimPO
cattle is 2,00 ± 1,12, which is based on the independent t-test results, there are no
significant differences (P>0,05) between SimPO and PO cattle. The analysis results
of the levels of protein dan albumin on SimPO and PO are normal, so were the results
of S/C. From the results, we can obtained that the levels of Protein and albumin
between SimPO and PO cattle have no effect on S/C.
Keywords: Protein, Albumin, SimPO cattle, PO cattle, S/C


Various forms of portable or 'walkabout' sawmills have become popular for timber extraction and in-forest milling in tropical forestry in recent years. A number of advantages over larger fixed-site mills have been recognised, such as reduced transport costs and utilisation of smaller logs and branches. Portable bandsaws, with a thin blade kerf generally give rise to a greater timber recovery than traditional circular saws. Chainsaws have been criticised for greater timber wastage, and in some cases their use for timber extraction has been declared illegal. The choice of appropriate technology involves a tradeoff with respect to various factors including capital outlays, maintenance capability and costs, labour efficiency and timber recovery rate. If these items are factored into the overall average cost curve, it becomes apparent that both portable sawmills and chainsaw milling do have an important role in tropical small-scale forestry. the latter are particularly useful for flitch cutting as a first stage of milling.


A substantial body of literature describes workplace commitment in established organizations. However, this literature has not examined the special challenges associated with commitment in entrepreneurial settings. Entrepreneurs often need resources controlled by stakeholders to form and exploit opportunities. Some of these resources can be acquired through simple contracts while other resources can only be acquired when stakeholders become deeply committed to the entrepreneurial endeavor. The purpose of this symposium is to examine stakeholder commitment in entrepreneurial settings. An interdisciplinary panel of three leading scholars, Jay Barney, Peter Cappelli, and Howard Klein, will present their latest research and engage in an interactive discussion centered on this emerging stream of research and its implications for entrepreneurship theory, organizational behavior theory, strategic human resource management, and managerial practice.


Demonstration and test with four types plant cytolemma regulators and three application methods in dryland winter wheat were carried out in the east of Gansu province. The results showed that soaked seed and sprayed by "Tianda-2116" and the both compound were first, It increased yield of 9. 2%~30. 9% as compared with CK. The reasons is improved tiller and heading, boot up the drought resistance of,reduced stripe rust, increased valid ears and grains and thousand grain weight. The effect of Jamu-bumper soaked seed and sprayed are second, it increased yield of 10. 3%~ 17. 0% as compared with CK. The effect of dongli-2003 and KH2PO4 soaked seed are third, it increased yield of 18. 5% and 32. 1% as compared with CK.


INTRODUCTION The use of the accessory sex organs as the criterion of response for the biological assay of androgens has been described by Korenchevsky 1932, Korenchevsky et al. 1932, Callow and Deansley 1935, Bulbring and Burn 1935, Deansley 1938, Greene and Burrill 1940, 1941, Hays and Mathieson 1945, and Mathieson and Hays 1945. The procedure as outlined by the latter authors has been found a practical procedure for the assay of commercial preparations of testosterone propionate. However, the error of the method in the experience of this laboratory appeared relatively large and a study of some of the variables affecting the response was deemed advisable in order to determine whether any improvement in the precision of the assay could be obtained consistent with economy of materials, timeand effort. METHODS Immature rats of Wistar strain bred and raised in this laboratory were used. They were castrated at 28 to 29 days of age and within the weight range of 40 to 60 grams.


Abtract

The study aims to analyse and discuss (1) the influence of working discipline, (2) Influence of leadership style, (3) influence of work motivation, and (4) Influence of working discipline, leadership style and work motivation to employee performance at PT. Pineka Eka Karya Abadi in Salatiga. This type of research uses a quantitative approach. The population in this research is the employees of PT. Pineka Eka Karya Abadi. The population in this study amounted to 43 employees. Researchers use a saturated sample technique where the technique is performed as all population members are used as samples. The data analysis methods in this study used validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis tests, t tests, F tests, and coefficient of determination (R2). Based on the research results known variable work discipline has a positive and significant influence on the employee's performance. The leadership style variables have a positive and significant influence on employee performance. Work motivation variables have a positive and significant influence on the employee's performance. Based on the results of the test analysis F showed that the working discipline variables, leadership style and work motivation jointly influenced the employee's performance. So the model used is fit. Based on the calculation result obtained from the value of coefficient of determination (adjusted R2), indicating that the employee's performance variables can be explained by the work discipline variables, leadership styles, and work motivation.

Keywords: Work Discipline, Leadership Style, Work Motivation And Performance.


. Herein, a grafted copolymer composed of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and polyethylene-glycol-aminated (PEG-NH 2 ) was successfully synthesized via a facile ionic interaction and scalable route in the presence of EDC/NHS ( N -ethyl- N ′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide/ N -hydroxysuccinimide) activators. From Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, the absorption peak at 1652 cm –1 corresponded to –NH groups of PEG-NH 2 . After grafting, the grafted CMC-PEG was characterized for surface morphology, crystallinity, functional groups determination, and thermal analysis. No cytotoxicity effect was observed in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) cells following exposure to the grafted CMC-PEG up to 2 mg/ml. The rheological studies suggested that the optimized 10% (w/v) grafted CMC-PEG hydrogels crosslinked with 5% (w/v) citric acid (CA) exhibited better mechanical properties compared to the non-grafted CMC. This work highlights the characterizations of grafted CMC-PEG and demonstrates the potential of grafted CMC-PEG hydrogels crosslinked with CA for advanced 3D-bioprinting or as injectable hydrogels in various biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, wound dressing materials, and drug delivery systems.


Abstract Models for the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) imply the role of individual genetic variations in genes involved in detoxification mechanisms. GSTP1 enzyme plays a key role in the biotransformation of a variety of carcinogens. The corresponding gene is subject to a single nucleotide polymorphism (A313G) leading to abolished enzyme activity. In order to evaluate whether the GSTP1 polymorphism influences MDS susceptibility, we conducted a case–control study comprising 310 de novo patients and 370 healthy controls using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping method. The GSTP1 gene status was also evaluated in relation to patients' characteristics and chromosomal abnormalities. A significantly higher incidence of the GSTP1 variant genotypes was observed in patients with MDS compared to controls (p < 0.0001). The results revealed increased frequencies of heterozygotes in patients younger than 60 years old and of homozygotes G/G in older patients (p = 0.007). Our results provide evidence for a pathogenetic role of the GSTP1 polymorphism in MDS risk, probably in an age-dependent manner.


Abstract Climate variability, expressed by random short time variation in rainfall and temperature, has severe effects on agriculture in the Sahel. This region depends on a short and uncertain rainy season with many uncertainties in short-term climate variations that affect farm decisions in regards to. sowing period, crop variety, water management, etc. The most conspicuous climate variability issue in West Africa is the high intra-seasonal and inter-annual variability associated with dry (or too wet) spells, and in most cases, season length modifications. We derived selected climate descriptors from 35-year daily climate data to assess inter-annual rainfall anomalies, seasonal variation and temperature trends in southern Burkina Faso. Results show the evolution in the number of rainy days and rainfall sum from the drier years in the late 1970s and early 1980s, which were followed by positive but variable rainfall in the 1990s and 2000s. We further observed widespread occurrence of unsuccessful season onsets in more than 50% of the study period. Short dry spells of 5–10 days dominate most of the years with longer spells at onset shortening the season. The results could be used to orientate interventions aimed at providing well-packaged forecasts for adaptation needs.


Solar cell power monitoring software module in measurement of current and voltage has been made using data acquisition system device. This module is programmed by Delphi and designed according to the necessities for solar cell monitoring. Necessities for monitoring include many data that will be monitored, i.e: current, voltage, power, time and chart. This module will be integrated with hardware so that the data measured by the hardware can be acquired and displayed by the software module. All monitored data are also displayed through Microsoft Excel which then can be saved. Data acquired from the test are i.e: 0,05 A for current1, 0,2 A for current2, 0,027 V for voltage1, 0,15 V for voltage2, 0,001 W for power1, and 0,004 for power2.


Provided is a compound which undergoes different changes in hue with one molecule.
The compound has a julolidine structure represented by general formula (1)
(wherein Q and Q 1 each represent C(R) or N; R represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C 1-6 alkyl group, or a carboxyl group, and two R's may be bonded to each other to form a ring; R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C 1-6 alkyl group, or a carboxyl group, and two R 1 's may be bonded to each other to form a ring; n is a number of 0-3; and m is a number of 0-3).


Among those clinicians who studied with John Fulton there were some who wvent to his laboratory to further their training in an era when neurophysiology was considered to be the dynamic basic science for neurology and neurosurgery. There it was hoped to obtain a foundation which taken together with neuroanatomical and neuropathological knowledge might sharpen diagnostic skill, and perhaps even make for a certain investigative bent. At Yale, clinicians pure and simple were immersed in a sea of physiology-neurological as well as general-such as required them to swim or sink. Fortunately, there were always at hand those colleagues who, it was realized later, were significant persons in one's life, with whom it was possible to test out growing conceptions of this basic science; it was a Fultonian forte to be surrounded by persons of wit, fascination, and good will, whose collaboration was ever available. The permeation of the atmosphere with books, books, and more books, and the unassuming historical approach must have been responsible for the broadening of many an uncommitted young man. This never-to-be-forgotten educational experience was leavened by a charming concern with the social side, and evenings at Mill Rock were hardly less important than the days in the laboratory. Visitors of great moment were the "piece de resistance," day and night. Finally, there was sensed the continuing interest in one's career; the mere fact of leaving did not sever connections with the Laboratory. What I have had to say so far depicts in many ways an ideal in educational opportunity. There is the subject and the room to achieve it, the friends, the philosophy, the humanity and warmth surrounding it. The handling of ideas I will leave for later. Because of this type of neurophysiological exposure some of us became dynamic neurologists and neurosurgeons, improved diagnosticians certainly, and better equipped to teach the subject if ever we had in us any of the talents of the teacher. There would be general consent, I believe, that the Laboratory of Neurophysiology at Yale under Fulton played a significant part in molding present neurology. This is not the place to review the researches and con-


This article is a short overview on the history and functionality of the MyCoRe project, which is currently developed by various German universities. The MyCoRe-based applications can be used for cataloging and presentation of digitalized objects like papyrus, manuscripts and antique books.  MyCoRe is also able to produce different kinds of repository servers.


This article makes a critical analysis of the process of creation and placement in the public space of Santo Tirso of its first statue, in 1892, which represents the Count of S. Bento, emigrant in Brazil, and born in S. Miguel das Aves. Through municipal documentation, of Irmandade and Santa Casa of Misericórdia of Santo Tirso and the local and regional press, we will follow the public debate raised by the construction of the statue and the vicissitudes of a public subscription that brought together interest on both sides of the Atlantic, and a subcommittee was created in Rio de Janeiro. A short year after the Republican uprising of January 31, 1891 in the city of Porto, the people from Santo Tirso felt the need to promote a tribute to the most distinguishedlocal benemeritus. This moment was also important because unveils the liberal society of the time and its values.


teins, do not dissolve well in water and instead clump into globules to minimize exposed surface area. Most studies of the hydration of hydrophobic materials examine the interactions between water and the small units that make up larger molecules. In the current study, Isaac Li and Gilbert Walker (pp. 16527– 16532) stretched open three different polymer molecules immersed in water. The authors found that large and small hydrophobic side chains behave differently, and that the solubility of the chain cannot be modeled by the sum of each of its units. The researchers used the stylus of an atomic force microscope to measure the forces required to extend single polymer molecules, then calculated the energy required to hydrate each molecule in water. By varying temperature in the experiments, the researchers found that the energy required to solvate a polymer depended more on temperature than on the surface area exposed to the water. Based on the findings, the authors suggest that interfacial thermodynamics break down at small scales. The results may help researchers to build stable and functional proteins and other biomolecules, according to the authors. — J.M. October 4, 2011 u vol. 108 u no. 40 u 16483–16858


In the asymmetric epoxidation of homoallylic alcohols, a combination of zirconium tetrapropoxide, dicyclohexyltartramide, and t-butyl hydroperoxide was found to give good enantiomeric selectivities (up to 77% ee) especially for (Z)-homoallylic substrates.


PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify effects of the SP-6 acupressure on dysmenorrhea, the skin temperature of the CV2 acupoint and oral temperatures in the college students.

METHOD
Data was collected from May 1 to August 31, 2002. A total of 58 students from two universities participated in the study. Both groups were pretested before the intervention for three variables', the intensity of dysmenorrhea, skin temperature of the CV2 acupoint and oral temperature. Then, SP-6 acupressure was provided for 20 minutes for students in the experimental group. The instruments used in this study included the Visual Analogue Scale developed by Johnson & Rice(1974), Menstrual Attitudes Questionnaire Scale developed by Brooks-Gunn & Ruble(1980), and a Stress scale developed by Cheun and Kim(1991).

RESULT
There were statistically significant differences in the intensity of dysmenorrhea 30 minutes after the intervention. The experimental group had a lower intensity than the control group. There were not statistically significant differences in skin temperature of the CV2 acupoint and oral temperature 30 minutes after the intervention with the experimental group.

CONCLUSION
SP-6 acupressure reduced the subjective perception of dysmenorrhea.


A Chinese patent medicine for treating acute or chronic prostatitis is prepared from 9 chinese-medicinal materials including red sage root, red peony root, peach kernel, safflower, etc.


The song of the blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) has been a subject of fascination among Europeans for centuries. In the first half of the article, I present factors that influenced the evaluation of the bird's song between the seventeenth and early twentieth centuries, and dedicate the second half to developments in the past sixty years. In the 1950s, two mutually exclusive interpretations of the bird's song appeared: one connected to Péter Szőke and his sound microscope and the other to Olivier Messiaen and his organ. I draw a parallel between this duality and the 'sound-based'–'note-based' dichotomy that has been naturalised in the discourse about sonic culture during the last decade. I examine what this dichotomy and the natural experience of the blackcap's song can reveal about one other, shedding light on what may be viewed as the most influential source for this centuries-long fascination.


Objective:To explore the application of loop eletrosurgical excision procedure(LEEP)in treating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)with high-risk types of human papilloma virus(hrHPV).Methods:210cases were divided into treatment group(n=112)and control group(n=98).The control group was treated with LEEP,while the treatment group was added with physalis alkekengi L.Index of vaginal discharge and bleeding was noted and compared between the two groups,as well as the rate of hr-HPV clearance at 3,6and 12 months posttreatment.Results:The volume of vaginal discharge and bleeding in treatment group was lower than those in control group(P0.05),and the rates of hr-HPV clearance at 3,6and 12 months posttreatment were respectively 92.86%,95.54% and 96.43%,which were all significantly higher than that in the control group(71.43%,79.60% and 84.70%,P0.05).Conclusion:Combination of physalis alkekengi L and LEEP can effectively improve the treatment of CIN with hr-HPV.


During the campaign of "Examining Legalist Theories and Censuring Confucianism" in the middle and latter half of 1970s,Wang Chuanshan was publicized as a representative of the Legalists.This is a retrogression in the history of Chuanshan research.After the collapse of the "Gang of Four" and in the thoughts liberation movement followed,Chuanshan research was quite active.All this attests to the enticing aspect of Chuanshan scholarship.


Using fine grinding slag, fly ash and low alkali excitant to prepare ecotype cementing material and adopting wet thermo-curing process to successfully trial produce standard load bearing brick with tailing content over 60%.The experiments were designed based on orthogonal array technique to optimize process parameters and optimum curing system is thus established: temperature elevating period 2 h-constant temperature 70 ℃ for 6 h - temperature drop 2 h.The compressive strength of the brick is up to 18.1 MPa,bending strength 3.6 MPa,and with good freeze-thaw resistance and stability.The hydration products and cementing action of cementing material are analyzed by SEM. Some major factors that have influence on property of the brick are discussed.


In the recent years, several biomedical applications of lead zirconate titanate piezo-electric ceramic patches based on the electro-mechanical impedance technique have been reported in the literature. However, practical application of the technique on live subjects is severely hampered due to the requirement of bonding the patch with bone or cartilage with an adhesive. In addition, live subjects have skin cover over the bone. This article proposes and evaluates the feasibility of employing lead zirconate titanate patches as biomedical sensors in non-bonded configuration for assessing the physiological conditions of bones. For this purpose, a special design is proposed where the lead zirconate titanate patch is first bonded on a thin aluminum strip, which is in turn clamped securely on the biomedical subject. The proposed configuration is investigated both in vitro and in vivo. The non-bonded piezo sensors are first investigated to identify dynamic parameters of the bone through lab-based experimental study involving artificial bones. Thereafter, physiological damage and decay conditions are artificially simulated in the experimental bones and the same are correlated with changes in conductance signatures from the non-bonded piezo sensor as well as the lead zirconate titanate patch in the conventional adhesively bonded (direct bonding to the subject) configuration. The trend of the conductance signatures in the healthy and the damaged conditions from the non-bonded piezo sensor is found to correlate well with the corresponding signatures from the directly bonded piezo sensor. At the same time, the repeatability of the signatures is also found to be satisfactory. After success in bare bones, the non-bonded piezo sensor configuration is extended to monitor the condition of bones covered with skin and tissue, simulated in the lab with the aid of silicone-based coating. Finally, a proof-of-concept experiment on a live human subject is successfully demonstrated. The overall results of the study demonstrate very good prospects of employing lead zirconate titanate patches in non-bonded piezo sensor mode for monitoring the condition of human bones and other related biomedical subjects.


The Therapist-in-Traininq and the Transfer Case; Beyond the Transfer Triangle February 1985 Robert Muller, B.A., Brandeis University M.S., University of Massachusetts, Ph.D. University of Massachusetts Directed by: Professor Harold Raush, Ph.D. The experience of the therapist-in-training working with adolescent or adult transfer cases was explored. Eighteen trainees whose cases fit research criterion were interviewed. An attempt was made to examine and delineate the factors which impacted upon the trainee in his or her work with a transfer case. Results indicated that Scher's (1970) conceptualization of the transfer situation as a "triangle" does not adequately nor accurately describe the complex interplay of influences, conscious and unconscious, v\^ich impact upon the trainee treating a transfer case. Emphasis was placed on those factors vyAiich have not received sufficient attention nor been organized with clarity in the limited existing transfer literature. These four factors, the developmental level of the therapist, countertransference , the administrative context, and the supervisory relationship, are discussed and illustrated through the use of brief case vignettes. Two detailed case studies are presented to highlight the interactive nature of these influences. The crucial role of supervision and the


The main objective of using the reliability analysis and assessment approaches in many industrial application is to avoid breakdown of their operation mode by extending their lifespan. In this context, some searchers have proposed a reliability model based on bath shaped rate failure function, it uses a graphical method which ensures the ease estimation of the parameters of the concerned model. However, it was found that in this proposed graphical model, a minor reading error will lead to poor estimation of the parameters of the reliability model. In this paper, an objective function based on root-mean-square error (RMSE) is proposed to achieve the best selection of the parameters of the previously proposed model. Indeed, the minimization of this objective function have been carried out using two algorithms such as the grey wolf optimizer (GWO) and particles swarm optimization (PSO). The obtained results for the both algorithms show that they can ensure better accuracy in parameters estimation compared the graphical method.


SCRUM poses key challenges for usability (Baxter et al., 2008). First, product goals are set without an adequate study of the userpsilas needs and context. The user stories selected may not be good enough from the usability perspective. Second, user stories of usability import may not be prioritized high enough. Third, given the fact that a product owner thinks in terms of the minimal marketable set of features in a just-in-time process, it is difficult for the development team to get a holistic view of the desired product or features. This experience report proposes U-SCRUM as a variant of the SCRUM methodology. Unlike typical SCRUM, where at best a team member is responsible for usability, U-SCRUM is based on our experience with having two product owners, one focused on usability and the other on the more conventional functions. Our preliminary result is that U-SCRUM yields improved usability than SCRUM.


Pervasive interaction between rock and fluid produces regional-scale alteration and/or metasomatism of rock units. The middle and upper crustal rocks from the Bamble sector (SE Norway) show a complex history of metamorphic and metasomatic events, accompanied by ore deposit formation, which provides an excellent context for investigation of regional-scale fluid‐rock interaction. Halogens are important agents of rock alteration and ore metal transportation in such hydrothermal regimes. Here we use F, Cl, Br and I concentrations and stable chlorine isotope ratios (d 37 Cl) to trace the metasomatic evolution of two gabbroic bodies and understand the interplay between localized and pervasive fluid flow in the upper crust. An alteration sequence was sampled from pristine gabbro to an amphibolitic shear zone, showing progressive amphibolitization and scapolitization caused by pervasive fluid ingress. Halogen concentrations and ratios suggest the evolution of a single fluid, causing enrichment of Cl, Br and I in samples nearest the shear zone. Owing to the differences in fluid‐mineral distribution coefficients, fluid‐mineral interaction resulted in either enrichment or depletion of halogens in the fluid as it reacted pervasively with the gabbro. Although scapolite formation leads to progressive desalination of the fluid near the shear zone, increasing Cl concentrations in amphibole near the gabbro reflect an increase in salinity towards the unaltered gabbro owing to desiccation of the fluid. The formation of alteration minerals mainly governs changes in the halogen chemistry of the fluid, showing that halogens do not behave fully conservatively during fluid‐rock interaction. Nevertheless, the evolving fluid has a feedback on the stability of alteration minerals such as scapolite and biotite, which form only close to the shear zone. The Br/Cl and I/Cl ratios of the most highly altered samples are 3 � 10 ‐3 and 25 � 10 ‐6 , respectively, and overlap with the range of ratios measured for marine pore fluids. Remobilization of evaporites would have produced distinctly lower halogen ratios and can be ruled out as a fluid source. The unaltered gabbro has d 37 Cl values near 0% and a similar value is inferred for the infiltrating fluid. Minimally altered samples, noted by the presence of <20 vol. % amphibole, have negative d 37 Cl values (average ¼ ‐0� 6 6 0� 1%). The d 37 Cl values increase (up to þ 1% nearest the shear zone) with increasing evidence of fluid‐rock interaction towards the shear zone. Mixing of different Cl reservoirs (i.e. gabbro and fluid) cannot explain the observed changes in the d 37 Cl values. Instead, isotopic fractionation owing to Rayleigh distillation with a fractionation factor of 1� 0010 can explain the observed negative d 37 Cl values of the alteration sequence by the evolution of a single fluid


An online petition by Evidence for Democracy (E4D), asking the federal government to restore Cochrane Canada's funding, has about 2200 signatures a month after launching. The petition, which went live Jan. 21, urges Health Minister Dr. Jane Philpott to restore the $2-million annual funding for


A semi-microscopic proton optical potential with parameters is constructed for analyzing elastic scattering data.It's real part is given by a folding model incorporated with one-body density matrix of shell model with Woods-Saxon potential,and the imaginary part is taken consistently with that of Koning-Delaroche(K-D) global optical potential.Potential parameters are obtained by fitting proton elastic scattering data up to 200 MeV in a range of mass number A = 28 ~ 90.Compared with measurements of elastic scattering angular distributions and analyzing powers it is overall better than those of K-D global optical potential.


ABSTRACT A hybrid F1 population of 'Maguili x Jiaohesanyuehong' was created by crossing between the very late ripening cultivar 'Maguili' as the maternal parent and the very early ripening cultivar 'Jiaohesanyuehong' as the paternal parent. Seventy-six randomly chosen F1 individuals were used as the mapping population. SRAP and AFLP molecular marker analysis were carried out with the mapping population and the two parents. Molecular genetic maps for both parents were built. The 'Maguili' map contained 179 loci which fell into 16 linkage groups. The coverage of the map was 610.55cM with an average distance of 3.75cM between markers. The 'Jiaohesanyuehong' map consisted of 82 loci allocated into 15 linkage groups. The map covered 548.09cM and had a mean distance of 8.18cM between markers. IM method was used to determine QTLs for the fruit maturation period. Five QTLs for fruit maturation period were detected. Two QTLs were on LG 'JHSYH2'and 'JHSYH4' of the paternal map and explained a contribution rate of 34.4% and 70.1% respectively. Three QTLs were on LG 'MGL2' and 'MGL5', and the contribution rate they can explain was between 38.3% and 65.8%.


In a society there are ethics or norms and Islamic sharia guidelines that must be obeyed. This is because the majority of Indonesian people are Muslim. Apparatus of good government and high moral, will always keep himself in order to avoid despicable acts. Talking about bureaucratic ethics means talking about how the bureaucratic apparatus in carrying out its functions in accordance with the provisions of the ethical rules or norms of society and Islamic sharia guidelines that there are 4 (four) conditions namely sidiq, amanah, fatonah and tabligh which must be obeyed and implemented. Cases related to ethical violations such as corruption, bribery in the government bureaucracy in Indonesia involve several professions. Islamic ethics and sharia must be upheld in the continuity of governance and to maintain the image so that the government bureaucracy in Indonesia has the trust of the public and society.


Abstract This research and development aimed to develop the care model for chronic kidney disease stage 4 in Nadoon District, Mahasarakham Province. Four phases in the development of the model were: 1) situational analysis, 2) model development, 3) implementation, and 4) model evaluation. The target group selected by purposive sampling was 150 persons, including multidisciplinary team members, patients with chronic kidney disease stage 4, caregivers, village health volunteers, and village leaders. Research instruments included satisfaction questionnaires, knowledge tests, questions for the focus group, and observation record form. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, paired t-test, and content analysis.   The results revealed that 1) the s ituational analysis phase: the problems of care service were the lack of care coordination system and problem-solving participation. The patients, caregivers, village health volunteers, and village leaders lacked knowledge about chronic kidney disease, misconception in health, denied treatment by renal replacement therapy. The patients had an average of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 22.5 ml/min / 1.73 sq.m.  2) the model development phase:  the established model began with the care team building. Consequently, care guidelines were building and enhancing knowledge about the CKD to health care providers, patients with chronic kidney disease stage 4, caregivers, village health volunteers, and village leaders were performed. Those specific groups participated in the workshop meetings along with the essential protocol, including enhancing knowledge, food and exercise training, SKT meditation, and medication-taking. 3)  implementation phase : there was implied the proposed model into the CKD clinic and also led to the development of service system in primary care hospitals by using enhancing knowledge, food and exercise training, SKT meditation, and medication- taking for those in the risk groups such as patients with CKD stage 1-3, caregivers, village health volunteers, and village leaders. Besides, the multidisciplinary team members with networks took the visiting for giving advice and encouragement to patients and caregivers; there found the patients and caregivers had participation in managing food, medication taking, exercise training, and SKT meditation. 4) evaluation phase  :   patients have improved renal filtration rates from an average eGFR 22.59 ml/ min/1.73 sq.m. to 27.50 ml/ min/1.73 sq.m.  The satisfaction of multidisciplinary team members was the maximum level ( =4.90, S.D.=0.30),= 4.90, S.D.=0.30), satisfaction of caregivers was maximum level ( =4.93, S.D.=0.24) and the evaluation of chronic kidney disease knowledge of health care providers, caregivers, and village health volunteers/ village leaders after the workshop were significantly higher average than before workshop (p <0.001)   Keywords : Care model, Participation, slowly progressive CKD, Chronic kidney disease stage 4


Abstract Light and scanning electron microscopy were utilised to study stoma and cuticle morphology whereas transmission electron microscopy was used to observe plastid ultrastructure in Ceratozamia kuesteriana Regel (Zamiaceae). Results show that in G kuesteriana a diperigenous‐type stoma (or a derivation of a diperigenous type) occurs and that protein crystalloids and prolamellar bodies are simultaneously present in the chloroplast.


In this paper, a multiuser wireless powered communication network is considered where all users harvest energy from power beacons by wireless power transfer to support their uplink information transmission. A frequency-division duplex transmission scheme is adopted, where downlink power transfer and uplink information transmission are separated in different frequency bands. Compared with the time-division duplex scheme considered in most of existing literature, the frequency-division duplex scheme has more freedom to optimize the charging time of different cells respectively, and more suitable for distributed deployment of power beacons. The transmission slots and power allocation problem can be formulated as an optimization problem, which is proved to be convex. We derive the optimal slots allocation algorithm with the purpose of fair sum-throughput maximization. Moreover, the asymptotic expression of throughput is obtained, which provides useful insight on the deployment of power beacons. Simulation results demonstrate the proposed scheme can achieve significant performance gains compared to existing scheme from the literature.


Abstract Information Systems (IS) Security has become a critical issue in the IT world. Among all threats against IS security, the insider threat is the greatest. This paper proposes a game theoretical model to study the economic impact of insider threats on IS security investments. We identify three factors influencing the optimal IS security investment: breach function sensitivity, deterrence level, and advantage rate. Our simulation results show that the optimal investment required to protect an information systems infrastructure from insiders is several magnitudes higher than for protecting against external hackers.


This paper introduces the demonstration project Huantan 50kW Photovoltaic Integrated Power Station in Huaibei City,and the BIPV design idea.Further analysis is made about the PV integrated generation development in terms of the new technology,new products,technological features and the application prospect,as well as the main roles power grid enterprises should play in the renewable energy development.The project can serve as the model for the integration among PV array,substation and building.


The aim of the project is to design and develop a system, a framework and a "cultural heritage storytelling model" to ease the exploitation of transmedia storytelling in the promotion of cultural heritage, through the reuse of European digital cultural assets. It will provide institutions and enterprises with a powerful environment to design and develop transmedia contents and to improve the promotion of their activities. A transmedia model will be applied in order to engage citizens and tourists in narrative experiences, online and in physical spaces (test sites will be equipped in Greece, Italy, Bulgaria), improving their knowledge of values deeply connected with European identity, such as work, social equality, natural resources exploitation. This objective is accomplished through the design of a fictional open and expandable narrative universe created through research and historical documentation. Alternate reality Games, Augmented Reality, Game App, Immersive cinematic and Virtual reality will be among the technologies applied in StoryTECH. A Semantic Reasoner will be designed and developed to improve the reuse of digital archives by a wider audience and to provide authoring support to transmedia storytelling of cultural heritage. StoryTECH will develop also an Animation Framework in order to ease the production of multimedia contents by small institutions and SME.