In the construction of modern civil engineering construction, the application of mass concrete structure has become more and more common. The crack phenomenon is a more common problem in the construction of mass concrete structure, and it is also an important factor affecting the quality and stability of mass concrete structure. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of cracks in large volume coagulation structure is the main point of construction technology of mass concrete structure. This paper will be cut into this, the civil engineering construction of mass concrete structure of the construction technology analysis.


In this paper, an adaptive fuzzy neural network (AFNN) controller with a state observer approach based on novel adaptive particle swarm optimization-simulated annealing (NAPSO-SA) for a class of non-linear systems is proposed. First, NAPSO-SA is used to adjust the parameters of the FNN, while adaptive laws are used to approximate unknown non-linear functions and the unknown upper bounds of uncertainties respectively. Second, a state observer is applied for estimating all states that are not available for measurement in the system. By using the strictly-positive-real (SPR) stability theorem, the proposed controller not only guarantees the stability of a class of non-linear systems but also maintains good tracking performance. The novel intelligence algorithm generates optimal parameters for the control schemes and is developed to guarantee the asymptotically stability of the system. Finally, simulation results substantiate the fact that the proposed method stands out as offering better properties than the observer-based adaptive fuzzy control (OBAFC) for tracking performance.


her professional practices+ In the last chapter of the volume, three of the learners in Jaatinen's class candidly reminisce about their experiences and struggles learning a foreign language+ What follows is the author's interpretation of these stories, narrative that often seems superficial and forced to fit within the theoretical mold she has so insistently described+ The last part of the book is an epilogue that serves as a summary of the research+ Jaatinen's work does an admirable job of inviting us to rethink our conception of teaching and learning by stressing that the ultimate goal is for learners to develop their own personal foreign language+ Although the humanistic foundation of her study and methodology is solid and persuasive, the volume leaves the reader with a very unclear picture of how it translates into language acquisition and proficiency+


We measured the effect of insecticide applications on the distribution patterns of the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), in fields of cantaloupe, Cucumis melo L., in Yuma, Arizona. Whitefly infestations were measured by counts of adults, eggs, first to mid/fourth instars, and late‐fourth instars ('red‐eyed') nymphs. Adults were sampled from the entire leaf, and immature stages were counted in a 1‐cm2 area of a leaf. The indices b (Power Law), β (Patchiness regression) and Id (Morisita) indicated that all life stages were aggregated, but results for the three indices were not similar for determining the relative aggregation levels between treatments. In general, indices β and Id indicated higher aggregation in insecticide‐treated fields, whereas b had mixed results. The Morisita index was sensitive to a few unusually high means among a series of low densities in the treatment plots, what could be attributed to refuges due to failure in the insecticide applications. Despite the usefulness of the Power Law and the Patchiness regression for describing the relationship between spatial or temporal variability and mean densities, we suggest that Id is more appropriate for expression of spatial distribution because it is based on a precise definition of aggregation.


Stroke is a common disease in modern society, which is the occluded and/or hemorrhaging of the blood vessels in the brain, producing blood clots leading to brain dysfunctions. When faced with the risk of stroke, most people tend to measure their blood pressure first; however, aside from hypertension, vessel atherosclerosis and loss of elasticity are also the causes for blood vessel stenosis and/or rupturing. Additionally, in dialysis patients, prolonged needle puncture will also decrease vessel elasticity, which leads to increased stenosis of hemodialysis access and ineffective hemodialysis. In this study, we proposed a method to integrate and analyze signals measured from SpO2 and ECG sensors to detect blood vessel elasticity and stenosis. Our proposed system has advantages in size and cost, is portable and allows patients to record real-time and long-term blood vessel health status. Our method is a non-invasive measurement of the physiological signals, which can rapidly analyze the stenosis of hemodialysis access, and to take long-term records. The data collected can be analyzed by physicians for precision medicine and preventative health.


Both Aunt Xianglin and Cao Qiqiao were slaves in the 'firm prison 'like feudal China. Both of them had unfortunate life and had been heavily enslaved in mind. Yet there was also some difference on them .Aunt Xianglin was contented to be a slavem, but she couldn't be successful. While Cao Qiqiao hated to be a slave . But Caoi Qiqio couldn't throw off the feudal chains .In the end , she had no choice but to be a woman slave .


Objective To investigate the value of ultrasound diagnosis before and after laparoscopic cholecystolithotomy with gallbladder preservation(LRCL).Methods The results of 26 patients with gallbladder stones undergoing laparoscopic cholecystolithotomy with gallbladder preservation in our hospital since 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The coincidence of ultrasound was 98% consistent with LC,which provided accurate indications for surgery and surgical options.Gallbladders and gallbladder function of the patients after 1 week,6 months,1 year,2 year did not change significantly except 1 case with intramural stone recurrence.Conclusion Ultrasound can accurately diagnose gallbladder disease and assess the function of the gallbladder,so it can provide the laparoscopic lithotomy with an important basis for surgery and postoperative monitoring in gallbladder function changes.


The invention relates to an adhesive tape (1), in particular an orange colored tape (1), preferably a cable wrapping tape comprising a colored textile carrier (4, 4a, 4b) and at least one side to the carrier (4, 4a, 4b) applied adhesive layer ( 5, 5a, 5b), wherein the carrier (4, 4a, 4b) at least a red and, if appropriate, contains at least one further colorant. In order to improve while maintaining advantageous use properties such as high abrasion resistance, color tapes of the type mentioned in particular by an increased temperature stability, it is proposed that at least one of the colorants containing a disazo compound or is completely formed therefrom. A method and a support (4, 4a, 4b) for the preparation of the adhesive tape (1) and a harness (3) with the adhesive tape (1) are also claimed. For coloring the strands (6) and fibers (7) of the carrier (4, 4a, 4b) is preferably used a spinneret staining.


This paper discusses the necessity and urgency for the college litrarians to have further educatin,and its main content, channel and measures.


There is hope for coral reefs and communicating excitement around coral reef research and discoveries is a key opportunity to grow it. Amidst the trawling scars and gear tangles on the Northwestern Hawaiian Ridge and Emperor Seamounts, researchers have identified signs of coral recovery since protection measures were expanded 30–40 years ago (Baco et al. 2019). It is expected that coral ecosystems will take centuries or more to recover from anthropogenic influence, and the discovery that improvements can be seen in decades is reason to celebrate. The current narrative tone for coral reefs revolves around difficulties to restore their ecosystems and conserve the species. This often means combating the communications conundrum that comes with the constant imagery of dead and dying reefs that are used so often to depict the climate crisis. To convey the urgency and scope of the challenges without causing people to lose hope we need to shift the narrative. By engaging broader audiences in case studies like the Emperor Seamounts that show what management actions can achieve, the gleam of hope it inspires can provide an impactful promise (Duarte 2020). Things can get better. Yes, it is impossible to deny the increased urgency and concern our community feels around coral ecosystems, but we also need to prioritize space for the increased excitement around new discoveries and successful management practices. Therefore, our goal is to harness that excitement we hold and to share it with those entering the field, as well as a broader audience, so we can foster productive conversations as we continue to strengthen and improve our actions to save coral reefs. To communicate this excitement, we need to find ways for our audiences to connect to and identify the strong link between coral reefs and humans. Therefore, putting corals into a context that your audience is both engaged in and can relate to will help fuel the conversation. This can be done by changing the delivery of our narrative and in turn, our dialogue around corals. Presenting coral reefs as a standalone, struggling system that is already bound to be doomed makes saving them seem like a hopeless task. This set up can quickly lead to the end of a conversation: "No, I don't see what I can do about this. Coral reefs are dying anyways." By making the change from No to Yes, you completely reframe the argument and open the conversation to many more possible outcomes: "Yes, corals are dying, but evidence shows there is hope for their survival, therefore we must take care of them and make proactive decisions" (Palermo 2014). A second method to reshape the way we present science narratives is to incorporate elements of humanity and vulnerability. This approach emphasizes what we have in common—emotions—and helps make the content more relatable. This could look like sharing personal narratives of those who experience how the loss of coral reefs in their communities redefined their socioeconomic framework (McKinnon et al. 2016). By sharing emotions with our audiences, we connect through vulnerability and trust. By communicating optimism, we move another step in the direction of mobilizing people to act. In addition to changing our tone, we can present the scientific method as a narrative process; delivering it in the context of a story gives our message both more power and structure (Olson 2015). Learning how to apply storytelling skills to communicate excitement takes practice that can be accelerated through training. Therefore, seeking out workshops that target these skills, such as Improve 2020 (www.palermoimprovtraining.com) and The Story Collider 2020 (www.storycollider.org/ workshops), can be an invaluable undertaking. Investing in these soft social skills calls for applying the value we place in scientific publications and presentations to broader public engagement efforts as well. This can include written or video logging (blog or vlog), as well as social media platforms. These platforms are well suited for sharing stories and developing personal connections; by distributing science in this format, we are fostering a broader audience connection than was historically possible. Social media posts can simultaneously reach communities from island nations to the most inland schools while enabling conversations between every location and promoting discussion far past the traditional show and tell methods. Additionally, these platforms are well suited for short anecdotes, which is important because the more specific the stories are that we provide, the more effective our communication will be. By carving out individual narratives from the often overwhelming, broader context, we can then present approachable problems with relatable, easier to act on solutions. Taking steps to expand each scientist's ability to reach the public makes a long-term investment in the future for corals by expanding the breadth and application of our research and through building stronger communities and conversations around coral reefs. We aim to ensure that our excitement resonates with as wide of an audience as possible; achieving this could look like reevaluating who we are communicating with while developing our research plans and goals. Corals are complex species that support the base of ecosystems all across the globe, and they require an extensive set of skills to understand and manage. Shifting from field specific collaborations to interdisciplinary teams and engagement with other communities will be key. This process should include learning how to share what makes us excited with groups outside of academia, such as both coastal and inland communities, policy makers, lawyers, shareholders and more. The level of excitement and investment we share reflects the level of investment other people can return. Afterall, if we cannot portray our own personal commitment, how can we expect someone else to take on saving coral reefs as their own passion too? By communicating where our personal excitement behind our careers in coral reefs comes from, we implore a powerful tool to call for motivation and action that can be directed at preserving and restoring our coral reef ecosystems. We would like to acknowledge Brian Palermo for his input and passion for enabling science communicators.


The study aimed to determine the effect of aqueous extracts of medicinal plants ( Matricaria chamomilla , Hypericum perforatum , Achillea millefolium , and Urtica dioica ) containing allelopathic compounds on seed germination in lambsquarters ( Chenopodium album ) and herbicide-resistant windgrass ( Apera spica-venti ). A Petri-dish experiment was carried out, in which the effects of five concentrations of aqueous extracts on the germination of weeds were assessed for 10 consecutive days. It was found that the dynamics of seed germination are closely related to the type and concentration of aqueous extract of medicinal plants. The 8% U. dioica aqueous extract posed the strongest inhibitory effect, limiting the germination of both lambsquarters and windgrass. Additionally, weed germination was delayed by 12–72 h in the presence of extracts, compared with the control. Summing up, the aqueous extracts of medicinal plants, especially their higher concentrations, pose a desirable inhibiting effect against the germination of lambsquarters and herbicide-resistant windgrass seeds.


Magneto-dielectric composites are interesting advanced materials principally due to their potential applications in electronic fields, such as in microstrip antennas substrates. In this work, we developed superparamagnetic polymer-based films using the biopolymeric matrices chitosan (Ch), cellulose (BC) and collagen (Col). For this proposal, we synthesized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) functionalized with polyethyleneimine with a cheap method using sonochemistry. Further, the SPIONs were dispersed into polymer matrices and the composites were evaluated regarding morphology, thermal, dielectric and magnetic properties and their application as microstrip antennas substrates. Microscopically, all tested films presented a uniform dispersion profile, principally due to polyethyleneimine coating. Under an operating frequency (fo) of 4.45 GHz, Ch, BC and Col-based SPION substrates showed moderate dielectric constant (ε′) values in the range of 5.2–8.3, 6.7–8.4 and 5.9–9.1, respectively. Furthermore, the prepared films showed no hysteresis loop, thereby providing evidence of superparamagnetism. The microstrip antennas showed considerable bandwidths (3.37–6.34%) and a return loss lower than −10 dB. Besides, the fo were modulated according to the addition of SPIONs, varying in the range of 4.69–5.55, 4.63–5.18 and 4.93–5.44 GHz, for Ch, BC and Col-based substrates, respectively. Moreover, considering best modulation of ε′ and fo, the Ch-based SPION film showed the most suitable profile as a microstrip antenna substrate.


Plate theory is more easily applied to the analysis of composite laminates than exact three‐dimensional elasticity theory. Under conditions such that plate theory is applicable, it is suggested that plate waves are useful for understanding acoustic emission (AE) phenomena. To test this idea, pencil leads were broken on aluminum plates and composite plates, and the resulting waves were detected with a broadband ultrasonic transducer. Both the fundamental extensional and flexural modes were observed. Their characteristics are described and the implications for AE source location are discussed as well. Several transducers, commonly used for acoustic emission measurements, are compared with regard to their ability to reproduce the characteristic shapes of plate waves. Their different responses show why similar test specimens and test conditions can yield disparate results.


Reducing methane emissions from the oil and gas industry is a critical climate action policy tool in Canada and the US. Optical gas imaging-based leak detection and repair (LDAR) surveys are commonly used to address fugitive methane emissions or leaks. Despite widespread use, there is little empirical measurement of the effectiveness of LDAR programs at reducing long-term leakage, especially over the scale of months to years. In this study, we measure the effectiveness of LDAR surveys by quantifying emissions at 36 unconventional liquids-rich natural gas facilities in Alberta, Canada. A representative subset of these 36 facilities were visited twice by the same detection team: an initial survey and a post-repair re-survey occurring ∼0.5–2 years after the initial survey. Overall, total emissions reduced by 44% after one LDAR survey, combining a reduction in fugitive emissions of 22% and vented emissions by 47%. Furthermore, >90% of the leaks found in the initial survey were not emitting in the re-survey, suggesting high repair effectiveness. However, fugitive emissions reduced by only 22% because of new leaks that occurred between the surveys. This indicates a need for frequent, effective, and low-cost LDAR surveys to target new leaks. The large reduction in vent emissions is associated with potentially stochastic changes to tank-related emissions, which contributed ∼45% of all emissions. Our data suggest a key role for tank-specific abatement strategies as an effective way to reduce oil and gas methane emissions. Finally, mitigation policies will also benefit from more definitive classification of leaks and vents.


Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death in both men and women in the United States. The overall rate of CRC screening remains unacceptably low. To increase CRC screening rates, populations who are refractory to screening must be identified. Identifying barriers and facilitators of screening specific to these groups will assist the development of targeted interventions to improve CRC screening.
Methods: This review synthesizes the published literature regarding the role of gender, race and ethnicity in receiving colorectal cancer screening in the United States. Specifically, this review examines cross-sectional and prospective studies of colorectal cancer screening. These studies provide important data about the impact of race, gender and ethnicity on colorectal cancer screening rates.
Results: Female gender and non-white race are not consistent barriers to screening. However, Hispanic ethnicity does seem to consistently confer a barrier to screening.
Conclusion: The impact of female gender and non-white race on screening is inconsistent suggesting that other factors (e.g. socioeconomic status, access to care) play a greater role and perhaps that targeted efforts have been effective in addressing disparity. Improved CRC screening rates in these groups can inform approaches to improving rates in other groups, such as Hispanics, who consistently fall behind.


In the PETRA storage ring of the DESY laboratory at Hamburg, a new generation of 600 kW, 60 % efficiency, modulating anode equipped cw high power 500 MHz klystrons has successfully passed its first two-year period of routine operation. Based on this experience, a development program is under way at Valvo Hamburg trying to push the state of the art to the 1 MW cw 70 % efficiency level. In addition to 500 MHz, the program includes klystrons with other frequencies in the 300 to 1000 MHz range.


In the digital age, ensuring the security and reliability of information systems is a paramount concern for organizations. This research investigates the potential of blockchain technology to enhance information system security and reliability within the dynamic landscape of Indonesian start-up companies. By employing a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys, this study explores the current state of information system security practices, assesses the challenges faced by start-ups, and evaluates perceptions regarding the adoption of blockchain technology. The qualitative findings highlight the existing security measures, challenges, and potential benefits associated with blockchain. The quantitative results provide insights into security practices and willingness to adopt blockchain. Through the integration of these findings, the study offers practical recommendations for enhancing information system security and reliability in the context of start-ups, while considering the challenges of blockchain adoption. This research contributes to the understanding of the symbiotic relationship between technology adoption and information security, offering guidance for start-ups, policymakers, and researchers.


We have developed a 0.1 /spl mu/m recessed channel MOSFET structure called ISRC (Inverted Sidewall Recessed Channel) and optimized its process parameters. The maximum transconductance at V/sub D/=2.0 V is 446 mS/mm for the 0.1 /spl mu/m channel device and the DIBL (Drain Induced Barrier Lowering) is 66 mV from V/sub D/=0.1 V to V/sub D/=2.0 V. The impact ionization rate falls significantly as V/sub D/ falls below 1.5 V.


The objective of this paper is to establish a relationship between intuitionistic fuzzy (IF) theory, graph theory, intuitionistic fuzzy graph theory with the ideal algebraic structure of a near ring in MΓ group. The idea of graph of an intuitionistic fuzzy (IF) ideal, the regular graph of an intuitionistic fuzzy (IF) ideal and their isomorphism in MΓ group of near rings are discussed. Also, few properties of theirs are studied here as theorems


Abstract Objective: To assess the quality of Cochrane reviews. Design: Ten methodologists affiliated with the Cochrane Collaboration independently examined, in a semistructured way, the quality of reviews first published in 1998. Each review was assessed by two people; if one of them noted any major problems, they agreed on a common assessment. Predominant types of problem were categorised. Setting: Cyberspace collaboration coordinated from the Nordic Cochrane Centre. Studies: All 53 reviews first published in issue 4 of the Cochrane Library in 1998. Main outcome measure: Proportion of reviews with various types of major problem. Results: No problems or only minor ones were found in most reviews. Major problems were identified in 15 reviews (29%). The evidence did not fully support the conclusion in nine reviews (17%), the conduct or reporting was unsatisfactory in 12 reviews (23%), and stylistic problems were identified in 12 reviews (23%). The problematic conclusions all gave too favourable a picture of the experimental intervention. Conclusions: Cochrane reviews have previously been shown to be of higher quality and less biased on average than other systematic reviews, but improvement is always possible. The Cochrane Collaboration has taken steps to improve editorial processes and the quality of its reviews. Meanwhile, the Cochrane Library remains a key source of evidence about the effects of healthcare interventions. Its users should interpret reviews cautiously, particularly those with conclusions favouring experimental interventions and those with many typographical errors. What is already known on this topic Cochrane reviews are, on average, more systematic and less biased than systematic reviews published in paper journals Errors and biases also occur in Cochrane reviews What this study adds Too often, reviewers' conclusions over-rated the benefits of new interventions Readers of Cochrane reviews should remain cautious, especially regarding conclusions that favour new interventions The Cochrane Collaboration has taken steps to improve the quality of reviews


The present project is to provide a solution to the problem of the need for
information for decision-making by officials, in order to achieve this; a solution
will be used to improve the supervision management of the institution and to
meet institutional goals.
During the development of the project, we evaluate the different proposed
methodologies. For this purpose, the Ralph Kimball methodology will be used,
which is more suited to what is to be developed by allowing the creation of
Data Mart, which improves the obtaining of information by reducing the time
spent in the preparation of reports by each headquarters.
As a result, it was possible to implement an automated solution capable of
displaying the management indicators and reports of the Favorable Technical
Report and Administrative Sanctioning Procedures areas.
With this project it is expected to reduce the costs of preparing reports, reduce
the response time in obtaining management information, obtain a greater
number of management reports, thus improving the quality of service.


Significance Calcium ion intercalation into electrode materials is challenging due to the large size and high charge density of calcium ions relative to lithium. Here, we report oxide structures containing big open spaces (heptagonal and hexagonal channels) as a prospective solution. This could open avenues for high-performing calcium–ion batteries that offer a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to lithium-based batteries.


An improved DEM refinement approach is presented in this paper to produce Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of 1∶50,000 in mountainous areas with steep slope using high resolution SAR data. In order to deduce the precise DEM, a coarse external DEM is utilized to reduce the impact of phase errors on the InSAR-generated DEM. The proposed algorithm should include two parts: the first step is to model and remove phase trends with a linear regression analysis before converting phase to height. The second step is to filter unreliable height points before interpolating DEM product from InSAR height map. The preliminary experimental results show that our approach improved the accuracy of the resulting DEM significantly without any ground control points, the DEM reconstruction experiment derived from the TerraSAR data has been proved fulfill the 1∶50,000 DEM in mountainous areas.


The author traces the evolution and development of Ohio's state archives from the early 1900s to 1959, the year legislation passed naming the Ohio Historical Society as the archives administration. The failure to establish a clear archival authority and the absence of sustained financial support forms part of the story. That the Ohio Historical Society, beset by multiple demands on limited resources, a quasi-public relationship to the state, and an uncertainty about its role and mission, became a captive of its involvement in the effort to preserve the state's archives is also part of this tale of angst and apathy.


The air-to-air capabilities of foreign threat aircraft have improved at the same time that the development cost of domestic fighters has spiraled upward. These two factors have combined to regenerate interest in the simulation of air combat. In this article, a comparison of two simulation approaches, analog and digital is given, and a currently operating threedimensional digital program, ATAC/FW, is examined. The general approach, the program structure, and the variety of output forms are discussed. In application, this program has demonstrated considerable versatility, believability, reliability, and economy in numerous design studies. Four examples of these studies are presented.


Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of primary intracranial tumors of multiple cellular origins. Methods The clinical data including the clinical manifestations, imaging findings, and treatment of 8 patients with primary intracranial tumors of multiple cellular origins were retrospectively analyzed, and the possible mechanism of these tumors were explored. Results A total of 16 primary intraeranial tumors were found in the 8 patients, including intraeranial meningioma (8 tumors), pituitary adenoma (3 tumors), schwannoma (2 tumors), and glioma (2 tumors). The tumors were resected in a single operation in 5 cases, and in two surgical sessions in 3 cases. Twelve tumors were radically resected, 3 were subtotally resected, and 1 was partially resected. Conclusion MR is an important diagnostic modality for primary intraeranial tumors of multiple cellular origins. Tumor resection in one or staged operations combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy is the primary treatment option for these tumors.

Key words:
Brain tumor; Tumor of multiple cellular origin; Neurosurgery procedures; Magnetic resonance imaging


Analogical reasoning is at the core of human cognition, but is it universal? Do people from different cultures reason analogically in the same way? Despite the prevalence of analogical research, to date, there is almost no cross-cultural work investigating analogical reasoning in adults from nonWEIRD cultures. Here we fill this important gap by revisiting a long-standing cross-cultural difference—the holistic-analytic difference among Easterners and Westerners (Nisbett, 2001)— to ask whether this difference is also evident in analogical reasoning. Decades of cross-cultural research showed that Easterners are more attentive to contextual relations than Westerners, giving way to an untested presumption that Easterners are more relational, more analogical than Westerners. We tested this assumption using the classic holistic-analytic task and scene analogy mapping task with US and Chinese participants. While we replicated the holisticanalytic (East-West) difference, US and Chinese participants did not differ in the analogy task.


Ethical Banking is introduced itself as an alternative to the current instability of the traditional financial system, developing its activity by seeking a benefit as much economic as social and environmental. But, is it actually possible an Ethical Banking? With which policies does it think to be able to achieve this goal? Which has it been the evolution of its activity and performance indicators as a result of the crisis? The purpose of this project is to try to give an answer to those questions. For that, after clarify in the first place what is meant by Ethic in Business and Corporate actions of Social Responsibility (from now on CSR), it is performed a comparative analysis between Ethical and Traditional Banking in the Spanish financial system, with particular emphasis in their main differences in characteristics, objectives, investments projects and activity level. In addition, it is analysed the evolution between the pre and postcrisis periods of the main indicators of the economic, social and environmental performance of Triodos Bank, which is the European model in the field of ethical and sustainable banking.


For demonstrating advantages,disadvantages,applicability and promoting the development and wide application of annular bracing system,according to the engineering example of Shixia north deep foundation pit,the application of annular bracing system was detailedly analyzed and researched in general situation and engineering geologic conditions,supporting design,supporting structure calculation,foundation pit construction and the monitoring results,etc.Compared with traditional supporting methods,annular bracing system has obvious advantages such as larger rigidity,lesser deformation,larger construction space,better mechanical properties,etc.It is urgently needed to further research and improve for the differences between design calculation and actual stress,improve the construction quality and technology,and reduce the ring beam uneven settlement,etc.


The paper analyse the nexus between migration and social protection expenditures in European Union using panel data models for 26 EU countries. The results reject the existence of "welfare migration" in Europe: the countries that attract more migrants are the countries with lower levels of shares of expenditures with social protection in GDP. There are other factors responsible for explaining migration movements within the European Union and understanding these determinants is crucial for shaping migration policies but also social policies at national and European level.


To the Editor: Rhinorrhea after rhinoplasty is a rare but disturbing complication. During rhinoplasty, trauma to the septum with elongation of a fracture up to the cribriform plate may result in an osteomeningeal breach in the floor of the anterior cranial fossa. This complication can be treated conservatively, but surgical intervention is necessary in the case of persistent cerebrospinal fluid leakage.1 A 45-year-old woman was referred to as having problems of respiration by nasal airway and posterior nasal leakage. Two nasal surgeries were noted for her medical history. In her examination, there was a loss of inner osteocartilaginous framework of the nose and perforation in the anterior nasal septum. Computed tomography (CT) imaging obtained before tertiary operation showed the nasal septal perforation and deviation (Fig 1). In the operation, septal cartilage deviation was corrected, and perforation was repaired with a mucosal flap. By the second postoperative day, a serous leakage had begun. Patient consulted with neurosurgery with prediagnosis of rhinorrhea. Examination of the serous fluid with the low levels of glucose and high levels of protein confirmed our prediagnosis as cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Cranial CT imaging showed a fistula with the anterior cranial fossa. The patient was followed up with lumbar drainage system applied by the neurosurgery team. Intravenously administered ceftriaxone 2 2 g was applied daily for the prophylaxis of meningitidis. On the sixth day of follow-up, significant headache and hardness of the neck became evident. The patient's complaints were totally improved at the 10th day, and no surgical intervention was required. Care must be taken when operating the nose after the primary operation. In these cases, manipulation of the nasal septum can cause a trauma to the cribriform plate and result in rhinorrhea. After the nasal operation, the outcoming nasal fluid should be taken into account, and differential diagnosis has to be considered.


A comprehensive spectral-biogeochemical database was developed for the Wabash River and the Tippecanoe River in Indiana, United States. This database includes spectral measurements of river water, coincident in situ measurements of water quality parameters (chlorophyll (chl), non-algal particles (NAP), and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM)), nutrients (total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC)), water-column inherent optical properties (IOPs), water depths, substrate types, and bottom reflectance spectra collected in summer 2014. With this dataset, the temporal variability of water quality observations was first analyzed and studied. Second, radiative transfer models were inverted to retrieve water quality parameters using a look-up table (LUT) based spectrum matching methodology. Results found that the temporal variability of water quality parameters and nutrients in the Wabash River was closely associated with hydrologic conditions. Meanwhile, there were no significant correlations found between these parameters and streamflow for the Tippecanoe River, due to the two upstream reservoirs, which increase the settling of sediment and uptake of nutrients. The poor relationship between CDOM and DOC indicates that most DOC in the rivers was from human sources such as wastewater. It was also found that the source of water (surface runoff or combined sewer overflow (CSO)), water temperature, and nutrients were important factors controlling instream concentrations of phytoplankton. The LUT retrieved NAP concentrations were in good agreement with field measurements with slope close to 1.0 and the average estimation error was 4.1% of independently obtained lab measurements. The error for chl estimation was larger (37.7%), which is attributed to the fact that the specific absorption spectrum of chl was not well represented in this study. The LUT retrievals for CDOM experienced large variability, probably due to the small data range collected in this study and the insensitivity of Rrs to CDOM change. It is concluded that the success of the LUT method requires accurate spectral measurements and enough a priori information of the environment to construct a representative database for water quality retrieval. Therefore, future work will focus on continuing data collection in other seasons of the year and better characterization of the study area.


In a recent paper from Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, Arcolin and colleagues (2016) report the effects of treadmill and cycle ergometer training in Parkinson's disease (PD-T and PD-C, respectively). After 3 weeks of training, both PD-T and PD-C groups improved walking parameters and reduced the clinical signs of PD. The authors suggest that the cycle ergometer is a valid alternative to treadmill in patients with PD, particularly when performing home exercises. Although, this is an interesting study from a rehabilitation point of view, the author's interpretation of the results is questionable. First, the authors point out that their findings, showing gait improvements as a result of cycle ergometer training, contrast with a previous study (Lauhoff et al., 2013) that did not find an improvement in walking after a cycle training program. Arcolin and colleagues argued that the higher


The Acquisitions and Processing Ream at the University of Tennessee, continues the examination of acquisitions budgets through a review of traditional theories and strategies for allocating acquisitions budgets. The author proposes that tradition needs to be altered in favor of more flexible and informed budgeting


Israeli fly ash is highly basic when exposed to water, due to the very low sulfur content allowed in coal imports because of the strict environmental regulations (with respect to SO x emissions). Thus, the fly ash is a potential chemical neutralization/fixation agent for acidic wastes. In this study, coal fly ash has been examined as a neutralization/fixation agent for acidic sludge produced from the regeneration of used engine oils. The initial results show that the fly ash can be used as a very efficient neutralization/fixation agent of the sludge. Furthermore the trace elements and the organic components are efficiently fixed within the fly ash particles. The product can serve as a good aggregate in concrete production. The neutralization and fixation processes are discussed in detail.


Objective To investigate the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in affected tissue from women with and without endometriosis for exploring the role of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in endometriosis.Methods Expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2mRNA was evaluated by in situ hybridization.Results ①Both ectopic and entopic endometrium expressed higher levels of MMP-2 and lower levels of TIMP-2 than endometrium from normal women.Also,ectopic endometrium expressed higher levels of MMP-2 and lower level of TIMP-2 than entopic endometrium from endometriosis patients.The higher levels of MMP-2 and the lower levels of TIMP-2 expressed in stages Ⅲ/Ⅳ than in stages Ⅰ/Ⅱ.② There was a significantly negative correlation between expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in normal endometrium.Conclusion MMP-2 and TIMP-2 play an important role in the progression of endometriosis.


I had the opportunity to both attend the Inauguration of the 44th President of the United States and to participate in the World Social Forum hosted in Belem, Brazil. The Inaugural was attended by 1.8 million citizens, which included a notably large percentage of African-Americans, from all over the country. The World Social Forum had over 133,000 participants from around the world with a substantial number of Pan-Amazonic social movements. In both cases I witnessed a mobilized, dynamic civil sphere aspiring to a new, better society. The key to achieving another world is to bring these spheres together.


The purpose of this paper is to unify the concepts of caution and probing put forth by Feldbaum [14] with the mathematical technique of stochastic dynamic programming originated by Bellman [5]. The decomposition of the expected cost in a stochastic control problem, recently developed in [8], is used to assess quantitatively the caution and probing effects of the system uncertainties on the control. It is shown how in some problems, because of the uncertainties, the control becomes cautious (less aggressive) while in other problems it will probe (by becoming more aggressive) in order to enhance the estimation/identification while controlling the system. Following this a classification of stochastic control problems according to the dominant effect is discussed. This is then used to point out which are the stochastic control problems where substantial improvements can be expected from using a sophisticated algorithm versus a simple one.


Abstract The lathyrogenic entity of the Singletary pea is γ-glutamyl-β-aminopropionitrile. The toxicity resides in the β-aminopropionitrile portion of the molecule. A qualitative test was developed which showed the presence of γ-glutamyl-β-aminopro-pionitrile and the absence of free β-aminopropionitrile in the seed of Lathyrus odoratus and Lathyrus pusillus. This test was negative for both compounds when applied to seed of the reportedly more toxic L. latifolius.


To resolve long-standing problems with the stratigraphy of the Conasauga Group and the Rome Formation on the Copper Creek fault block near Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), an 828.5-m-deep test borehole was drilled. Continuous rock core was recovered from the 17.7- to 828.5-m-deep interval; temperature, caliper, neutron, gamma-ray, and acoustic (velocity and televiewer) logs were obtained. The Conasauga Group at the study site is 572.4 m thick and comprises six formations that are - in descending stratigraphic order - Maynardville Limestone (98.8 m), Nolichucky Shale (167.9 m), Maryville Limestone (141.1 m), Rogersville Shale (39.6 m), Rutledge Limestone (30.8 m), and Pumpkin Valley Shale (94.2 m). The formations are lithologically complex, ranging from clastics that consist of shales, mudstones, and siltstones to carbonates that consist of micrites, wackestones, packstones, and conglomerates. The Rome Formation is 188.1 m thick and consists of variably bedded mudstones, siltstones, and sandstones. The Rome Formation thickness represents 88.1 m of relatively undeformed section and 100.0 m of highly deformed, jumbled, and partially repeated section. The bottom of the Rome Formation is marked by a tectonic disconformity that occurs within a 46-m-thick, intensely deformed interval caused by motion along the Copper Creek fault. Results from this studymore » establish the stratigraphy and the lithology of the Conasauga Group and the Rome Formation near ORNL and, for the first time, allow for the unambiguous correlation of cores and geophysical logs from boreholes elsewhere in the ORNL vicinity. 45 refs., 26 figs., 2 tabs.« less


Scientific inquiry is the international K-12 education reform orientation. Along with the further pace of the new curriculum reform, the problem of evaluation stands out, which becomes the bottleneck of students' inquiry development. This paper based target system of PISA, and built a three-dimensional framework of cognition, context and content, which is consist of 9 first-level target and 27 second-level target. We designed mix questionnaire to investigate 4 senior high schools in Beijing, and followed with teachers and students interview, to reflect upon suggestion of Chinese students' scientific inquiry ability.


A CCD‐based, computer controlled RHEED detection and analysis system that utilizes an on‐chip integration technique and on‐board data manipulation is described. The system is capable of in situ time‐resolved measurements of specular and integral‐order intensity oscillations, their phase differences, streak linewidths, and epitaxial layer lattice constants. The digital RHEED techniques are described in the context of Co/Au bilayer, GaAs/GaAs, and InxGa1−xAs/GaAs MBE growth. The system is compared to other RHEED detection devices.


The archaeology of Greece remains ensconced in traditional discourses of classics and art history. In recent decades, fieldwork has led to new research directions, allowing us to reevaluate classical archaeology as a distinct field generating its own research questions. This book compiles case studies of current fieldwork in the Greek world (ca. 800-100 B.C.), considering new data and approaches in shaping a discourse in Greek archaeology.


Denitrification is the main removal process for nitrate, but the low concentration of dissolved organic carbon in horizontal subsurface constructed wetland limit the nitrate removal rate. Effect of vegetation (cattail) and carbon addition (100g dried cattail litters per month) on the nitrate removal rate were examined in three horizontal subsurface constructed wetland microcosms fed with nitrate-contaminated water (20 mg N/L, 1mg P/L). Results showed that nitrate removal rate was 63% greater in the microcosms with litter addition than in that without litter, and vegetation also enhanced the removal of nitrate by about 18%. Temperature is another factor influencing nitrate removal efficiency. Vegetation and addition of cattail litter can enhance nitrate removal in horizontal wetlands receiving nitrate-contaminated water with low concentration of organic carbon.


Objective To analyze the characteristics of the FCSWs' egocentric and geographic social networks, so as to give suggestion for HIV-related behavior intervention. Methods 123 FCSW were interviewed. Results 53.66% were residents from other counties next to this county, and 61.71% had been in this county less than 6 months. In recent one month, 17.39% and 56.10%used condom consistently in stable and commercial sex(P0.05) correspondingly. The majority of social network members were FCSW(28.21%), none of them were medical staff, and only 0.57% were teachers. 45.89% talked with their network members about secret/sensitive topics. 54.81% told their network member reproductive related knowledge, and vice versa were 55.94%. 61.48%and 54.10% said that they would accept interventions at clinics or pharmacies, and 38.21% and 60.98% visited these places correspondingly. Conclusion FCSW migrate frequently. Interventions targeting on FCSW should based on the characteristics of geographic network. Clinics surrounding brothels could be selected. Interventions could start from how to protect reproductive health,and intervention implementers should have similar characteristics to characteristics of social network members of FCSW. Peer educators should seldom migrate and better settle down.


Background: Menstruation is an important constituent of a female's reproductive health and wellbeing. With the ease of access to information on the web and modern culture and practiced norms, the biopsychosocial aspects of menstrual health are changing. The objective of this study is to know the level of awareness of menstrual health among university students based in Mauritius and identify aspects that could be addressed to promote menstrual health. Methodology: A randomized sample of 658 students (507 females, 151 males) attending the University of Mauritius, representing all faculties, were recruited to partake in a standardized questionnaire. This questionnaire was made available on a circulated Google Form, which was suited to both female and male participants. Multiple choice questions and open-ended questions were used to allow biopsychosocial exploration. The data was then analyzed quantitatively using a statistical analysis. Results: The study shows that the tertiary students of University of Mauritius only have superficial knowledge about the concept of menstrual health. Many of the participants are unaware about common menstrual disorders; polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), fibroids or endometriosis. Additionally, females fail to acknowledge the actual importance of their own menstrual health, especially regarding the possibilities of suffering from menstrual disorders or the necessity of regular medical check-ups. Conclusion: Our study highlights the importance of reinforcing Menstrual Health Awareness in Mauritius. Breaking taboo, public awareness campaigns improving sex education curriculum, and implementing proper sanitary infrastructure will ameliorate menstrual health as well as help resolve the mental and physical troubles that women face.


In a reaction or response paper, writers respond to one or more texts they have read. A popular assignment with instructors in the social sciences and humanities, such papers require students to understand each text individually and evaluate how well each accomplishes its own objectives. If you are responding to multiple texts, you must also discover how the texts relate to one another. (If responding to just one text, you might need to situate it within the larger context of class discussions, readings, etc., depending on the prompt.) A reaction paper may include a discussion of interesting questions that the readings raise for the student, but such a discussion is not sufficient by itself. Writing good response papers is more demanding than it might appear at first. It is not simply a matter of reading the text, understanding it, and expressing an opinion about it. You must allow yourself enough time to be clear about what each text says and how the texts all relate to one another. In other words, response papers require you to synthesize the intellectual work of others—that is, bring it together into an integrated whole. In preparing to write response papers, therefore, it is crucial that you allow yourself not just enough time to do the readings but enough to digest what you have read and to put the results together into a unified account.


INTRODUCTION Welcome back to the workshops. We know we've been talking about the same things you're hearing in class and it probably seems repetitive but studies show that our attention shifts about every seven minutes. We want to give you a chance to check in with the concepts again. Review strengthens understanding.


We consider the problem of recovering the underlying reflectivity signal from its seismic trace, taking into account the attenuation and dispersion propagation effects of the reflected waves in noisy environments. We introduce an efficient method to perform seismic time-variant deconvolution based on the earth Q-model. We present theoretical bounds on the recovery error, and on the localization error. It is shown that the solution consists of recovered spikes, which are relatively close to spikes in the true reflectivity signal. In addition, any redundant spike in the solution, which is far from the correct support, has a small energy. The proposed method is demonstrated using synthetic and real data examples.


The characterization of the photon of a liquid scintillation detector is desirable for pulse height distributions in Monte Carlo codes PoliMi. Previous studies in literature determ characterizing the photon energy resolution detectors using the wide-angle Compton coinc The goal of this work is to utilize this techniqu photon resolution for the EJ-309 organic scin The photon energy resolution was measure organic scintillation detector using a high-p (HPGe) detector and a 100-μCi 137 Cs source. T resolution of the EJ-309 was measured to be bet for photon energies between 390 and 280 keV.


One of the essential problems in P2P is the resource lookup.Based on study of Pastry,the stable super nodes are organized into a main ring while the ordinary nodes dynamically join the sub-ring according to their physical location,main ring and sub-ring are connected each other through the super node,and thus forms an overlay network.Simulation results show that the improved model performs better in lookup performance as compared with pastry and is quite applicable to the dynamic condition.


We review some recent results concerning nonlinear eigenvalue problems of the form (∗) Au + ǫB(u) = δu, where A is a linear Fredholm operator of index zero (with nontrivial kernel Ker A) acting in a real Banach space X, and B : X → X is a (possibly) nonlinear perturbation term. We seek solutions u of (∗) in the unit sphere S of X, and the emphasis is put on the existence - under appropriate conditions on B - of points u0 ∈ S ∩ Ker A (thus satisfying (∗) for ǫ = δ = 0) which either can be continued as solutions of (∗) for ǫ 6 0 or - more generally - are bifurcation points for solutions of that kind.


The evolution of the electron phase orbits based on the multi-photon nonlinear Compton scattering with the high power laser-plasma is discussed by using Kroll-Morton-Rosenbluth theory. The random evolution of the un-captured electron phase orbits from periodicity to non-periodicity is found after the energy has been exchanged between the electron and photons. With the increase of the absorbed photon number n by an electron,this evolution will be more and more intense, while which is rapidly decreased with the enhancement of the collision non-flexibility ξ and their initial speeds of the electrons and photons, but this evolution is lower than that in the high power laser field. When the electrons are captured by the laser field, the evolution is finished, and the electrons will stably transport,and the photons don't provide the energy for these electrons any more.


A method which makes use of Fourier transforms of two-body interactions for the calcu lations of energy matrices in the independent particle model is proposed. The non-central interactions as well as central ones can be easily expanded into series of tensor products of spherical harmonics by this procedure. ·Furthermore, the radial integrals can be reduced to simple integrals which involve the Fourier transforms of the radial dependence of the inter actions. For the harmonic oscillator wave functions, the procedure can be easily carried out and explicit formulas for the integrals are obtained. Useful tables for the calculations of the integrals for the central, tensor and spin-orbit interactions are given,


The purpose of this paper is to examine the current stage of e-commerce usage by Thai small and medium travel enterprises (SMEs) and investigate the effect of technological, organizational, and environmental (TOE) factors on three stages of e-commerce (EC) adoption. An online survey was employed to collect data from Thai travel SMEs that have company websites, are registered with the Thai Department of Business Development and are a member of the Tourism Authority of Thailand. Data from 114 usable cases was analyzed using multiple regression. Results revealed that the use of EC in Thai travel SMEs was in the second stage of EC adoption. This indicates that the majority use the Internet for provision of information and services. Other key findings are: (1) only competition intensity positively affected the first (promotion) stage of EC adoption, (2) relative advantage was found to be the only determinant of EC adoption in the second stage of the provision of information and services, and (3) only organization readiness was found to influence EC adoption in the third (processing) stage. This study can provide Thai travel SMEs with useful findings to further understand EC adoption and help to develop a better strategic vision in adopting advanced EC technologies to gain potential benefits and competitive advantages. In addition, the findings have implications for government agencies and EC consultants and vendors in providing guidance on practical applications of EC adoption in Thai travel SMEs and in supporting the development of EC systems. The findings of this study offer a theoretical extension to e-commerce adoption research by highlighting the role of TOE factors on e-commerce adoption by Thai travel SMEs.


Background: Telomeres play a key role in the chromosomal maintenance and stability. To date, very few studies have investigated the association between leukocyte telomere length with cancer incidence and all-cause mortality, particularly among Asian population. Methods: Relative telomere lengths in genomic DNA from peripheral blood samples were quantified using a validated quantitative real-time PCR among 26,540 middle-aged or older Chinese adults. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident cancer and deaths by quintiles of telomere length were calculated using the Cox proportional hazards regression method with adjustment for potential confounders. Results: During 13.2 years of follow-up, 4,353 individuals developed cancer and 2,660 participants died of cancer. Participants with the longest telomeres had significantly 16% higher risk of developing cancer compared to those with the shortest telomeres after controlling for established risk factors (95% CI: 1.06, 1.28; Ptrend= 0.0003). We found similar pattern of results for lung adenocarcinoma (HRQ5 vs. Q1=2.89; 95% CI: 1.95, 4.27), pancreatic cancer (HRQ5 vs. Q1=2.36; 95% CI: 1.29, 4.32), kidney cancer (HRQ5 vs. Q1=3.23; 95% CI: 1.47, 7.53), and genitourinary system cancers including kidney, renal pelvis, ureter, and bladder (HRQ5 vs. Q1=1.56; 95% CI: 1.02, 2.39). In contrast, longer telomeres were associated with lower risk of overall death (HRQ5 vs. Q1=0.93; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.00), and deaths due to ischemic heart disease (HRQ5 vs. Q1=0.85; 95% CI: 0.70, 1.02), respiratory disease (HRQ5 vs. Q1=0.76; 95% CI: 0.64, 0.91), non-cancer (HRQ5 vs. Q1=0.80; 95%: 0.73, 0.88) and other diseases (HRQ5 vs. Q1=0.77; 95% CI: 0.63, 0.94). Conclusion: The findings of this cohort study support the hypothesis that longer telomere length may be a risk factor for cancer and cancer-related deaths, but might have opposing impact on overall survival. Funding Sources: National Institutes of Health (NIH) (R01 CA144034 and UM1 CA182876); NIH/NCI T32CA186873; National Medical Research Council, Singapore (NMRC/CSA/0055/2013); NIH (P20CA210300). Citation Format: Hamed Samavat, Hung N. Luu, Renwei Wang, Aizhen Jin, Woon-Puay Koh, Jian-Min Yuan. Leukocyte telomere length, cancer incidence and all-cause mortality among Chinese adults: Singapore Chinese health study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3133.


Fig.2. 2D area detector image of XRD pattern of the TaON film grown on fused silica substrate with anatase TiO2 seed layer. The center of the detector was set at 2θ=28o and =90o. TiO2多結晶シード層導入によるアナターゼ型TaON薄膜のガラス基板上成長 Growth of anatase TaON thin film on glass substrate using anatase TiO2 polycrystalline seed layer 東大院理 , KAST, JST-CREST, 鈴木温 , 廣瀬靖 , 中尾祥一郎 ,長谷川哲也 1,2,3 Univ. of Tokyo, KAST, JST-CREST, A.Suzuki, Y.Hirose, S.Nakao, and T.Hasegawa


The purpose of this article is to present the research findings from a qualitative study on a type of second migration experienced by Korean-New Zealand immigrants in Australia. Data were collected from 16 in-depth interviews with those people who initially moved from South Korea to New Zealand, and then migrated to Australia. The study findings show that the participants were likely to experience 'soft-landing' relocation, ethnically internal belonging and identity flexibility. A critical reflection on this second-migration phenomenon is presented in order to help social work professionals broaden their perspectives on today's fluid migration and its implications for practice.


As the Internet adapts to meet consumer demands for high performance in ubiquitous networking environments, congestion must be addressed using novel approaches to ensure system stability over increasingly unreliable and dynamic media. Our work focuses on implementing and studying the performance of two recent explicit congestion control protocols: XCP, eXplicit Control Protocol, and RCP, Rate Control Protocol. This dissertation contains implementation details and subsequent test results of the XCP-b algorithm, a variant of XCP optimized for variablecapacity media, such as IEEE802.11. We show that, by inferring network capacity from queue dynamics, XCP-b proves more efficient than XCP when the link capacity is not explicitly known. Based on experimental feedback we present two alternative algorithms which further refine previous proposals. Furthermore, this dissertation documents the implementation of RCP, for which no formal specification yet exists, using the existing XCP protocol as a framework, as well as comparing both protocols by emphasizing their benefits. We explore the core algorithm in an RCP system and the implications aggressively distributing bandwidth has on overall system stability. By quantifying conservative bounds within which such a system can withstand surges in network traffic, we demonstrate how to accurately predict system response to common arrival distributions.


Electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems have already received more and more recognition in applications of today's digital products. For the high-resolution digital television (DTV) system, this paper demonstrates a co-design methodology involving both the on-chip and off-chip environments to suppress the serious radiated emissions, so as to meet the requirements of general EMI regulations. The on-chip solution mainly focuses the discussion on the slew-rate control of active devices while the off-chip solution puts emphasis on the ground plane completeness as well as the placement and selection of series termination. Moreover, the effectiveness of either on-chip or off-chip solution will be evaluated. Finally, some EMI experiments are performed to validate the design concept.


We have measured absolute positive- and negative-pion production cross sections from a thin beryllium target using a single-arm magnetic spectrometer. The scintillation counters were arranged in such a way that the solid angle of the system could be reliably calculated. Secondary beam intensities in the 1.0- to $5.0\ensuremath{-}\frac{\mathrm{GeV}}{c}$ range can be calculated from these absolute cross sections. In addition, the well-known excess of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ over ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ production in the forward direction above $1.0 \frac{\mathrm{GeV}}{c}$ is confirmed.


Nationwide healthcare registries are potential important real‐world data (RWD) sources for assessing drug effectiveness in oncology. However, it is unclear whether registry‐derived RWD are suitable for clinical development. In this study, we replicate results from the comparator arm of two previously published oncology randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using RWD from Swedish nationwide healthcare registries. For replication 1, the RCT included 553 patients and the RWD included 283 patients treated with sorafenib for advanced hepatocellular cancer. The median overall survival (OS) was 11.2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 10.1–13.2) months in the RCT and 8.2 (95% CI: 7.0–9.9) months in the RWD, unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.75 (95% CI: 0.63–0.88). For time‐to‐treatment discontinuation (TTD), the HR was 1.00 (95% CI: 0.87–1.16). For replication 2, the RCT included 154 patients and the RWD included 704 patients treated with melphalan, prednisone, and thalidomide for untreated multiple myeloma. The median OS was 52.6 (95% CI: 40–not applicable) months in the RCT and 36.9 (95% CI: 33.8–40.5) months in the RWD, unadjusted HR 0.67 (95% CI: 0.51–0.87). For TTD, the HR was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.74–1.06). The results were similar when applying various propensity‐based confounding adjustments. In conclusion, OS was shorter in the RWD, whereas TTD was similar. Importantly, the data necessary (ex: eligibility criteria and baseline confounders) for replicating RCTs was mostly not available and these results further underscore the importance of developing frameworks for capturing relevant patient‐level RWD for clinical and regulatory decision making in oncology.


Background: Emerging scientific evidence has disclosed unsuspected influences between iron metabolism, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Even mildly elevated body iron stores are associated with statistically significant increases in glucose homeostasis indices. But till now high serum ferritin associated with type 2 diabetes is not recognized as an entity in the current clinical guidelines for the management of type 2 diabetes.Methods: This was a Cross sectional study carried out from September 2016 to March, 2017 at PCO clinic of infertility outpatient department (OPD), department of obstetrics and gynecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study population consisted of all the diagnosed PCOS patients. Purposive sampling Main outcome variable: serum ferritin level and insulin resistance index (Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance: HOMA-IR).Results: Most of the (90.9%) patients were aged 20-30 years having BMI >25 kg/m2, mostly overweight (52.53%) or obese (25.25%). Significant increase of serum ferritin level (72.89±34.97; p=0.001) was noted in PCOS patients with insulin resistance. Marked increase in serum ferritin (82.81±31.57, p<0.001), fasting serum insulin (16.39±7.1; p<0.001), HOMA-IR (3.51±1.55; p<0.001) and more cases with insulin resistance (78.3%; p<0.001) were found in women with high ferritin level (when ≥45.5 ng/ml). Statistically significant strong positive correlation between serum ferritin level and fasting insulin level (r=0.528; p<0.001) as well as HOMA-IR (r=0.492; p<0.001) were observed.Conclusions: These results demonstrated that elevated level of serum ferritin was associated with insulin resistance in PCOS women.


In the present paper the effect of micropolar squeeze film lubrication between a cylinder and a poroelastic flat plate is presented. The synovial fluid is modeled as the micropolar fluid and the articular cartilage is considered to be a poroelastic in nature. The modified averaged Reynolds equation accounting for the randomized surface roughness structure as well as elastic nature of articular cartilage with micropolar fluid as lubricant is derived. The Christensen stochastic theory for rough surfaces is used to study the effect of two types of one dimensional surface roughness on the squeeze film characteristics of a cylinder and a rough poroelastic flat plate with micropolar fluid. Results are presented for the performance of the synovial joint with the experimentally validated values of the cartilage elasticity and permeability. It is observed that, the transverse roughness pattern improves the squeeze film characteristics whereas the squeeze film bearing performance is affected due to the presence of one-dimensional longitudinal surface roughness. These effects are more pronounced for the micropolar fluids.


Based on electromagnetic-wave penetration method, the electromagnetic wave attenuation abilities of six kinds of Carbon Nanotubes(CNTs) were studied in experiment at 12~18GHz, whose diameter at 30nm, 60nm, 100nm and length at 2μm and 15μm. Such results are concluded from the experiment. With the same diameter 30nm, the absorption ability of CNTs with the length 15μm is better than which with the length 2μm; With the same diameter 60nm, the absorption ability of CNTs with the length 2μm is better than which with the length 15μm; With the same diameter 100nm, electromagnetic attenuation ability of CNTs with the length 15μm is better than which with the length 2μm. Electromagnetic attenuation ability order of CNTs with the same length is that φ60nm φ100nmφ30 nm. On the absorption ability, the best is CNTs with φ60nm×2μm, and the worst is CNTs with φ30nm×2μm. At 12~18GHz, the absorption orders of the six kinds of CNTs is that φ60nm×2μmφ60nm×15μmφ100nm×15μm φ100nm×2μmφ30nm×15μm 30nm×2μm.


Using long Josephson tunnel junctions, dynamic vortex motion has been observed as the flux‐flow voltage across the junction. The flux‐flow voltage increases with increasing external magnetic field. The velocities of the flux flow in the junctions can be obtained from the junction‐voltage–vs–applied magnetic field characteristics. It is shown that the velocities of the flux flow in the long junctions have the maximum value equal to the phase velocity of the electromagnetic field.


The present invention discloses a staff coverage bit line forming a semiconductor device of the box as well as to prevent disconnection of the bit line is improved (step coverage) characteristics. The method of the present invention is disclosed, comprising: forming on the entire surface of the layer not including the bit line contact pattern the barrier metal film; Forming a conductive material for the bit lines on the barrier metal film; Depositing a silicon nitride film for the hard mask on the conductive material for the bit lines; Patterning the silicon nitride film for the hard mask; And patterning the conductive material for the bit lines by using the silicon nitride layer for the patterned hard mask, according to the bit line forming a semiconductor device including a silicon nitride film for the hard mask is an evaporation temperature of 600~800 ℃ and, to the evaporation pressure in 1~500torr, as the reaction gas is characterized in that formed using the single chamber type low pressure chemical vapor deposition process under the conditions of use of the SiH


In the article is considered the problem of forming the communicative culture of future teachers of music by means of art culture.


11B and 27Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) spectra of alkaline-earth boroaluminate glasses show that the structure of these glasses are far more complicated than previously thought. The relative concentrations of 3- and 4-coordinated boron vary as found by previous investigators using continuous-wave NMR methods, but the 27Al NMR spectra indicate the presence of Al in 4-, 5-, and 6-fold coordination, in contrast to previous assignments. Analysis of the data based on local charge balance considerations provides a qualitative model that correctly predicts compositional variations of the NMR peak intensities and 27Al chemical shifts for a wide range of boroaluminate glass compositions.


The author uses an eminently sound and fruitful methodological approach to his subject. He wishes to "furnish the tools for an understanding of the mechanics and dynamics of the flow of money," and at the same time to arrive at that understanding by investigating "the institutional development of the function of money." He is aware of the fact that theories are constructed to fit the circumstances of the day, and rightly feels that continuity of received doctrine cannot be safeguarded in the traditional way, but only by "carefully anchoring it in the continuity of reality." Such a program is promised in the Introduction and the promise is kept throughout. The execution of the program is not always perfect and especially the historical analysis of economic reality does not always delve deeply enough. Nevertheless, the book as it stands represents remarkable progress over the many traditional histories of thought which treat ideas and their development as existing or taking place in a vacuum and do not recognize interaction of theory and reality as the very subject of Geistesgeschichte. To those who have never worked on seventeenthand eighteenth-century material some of Karl Niebyl's findings will be as striking as they are correct. There was a time when "money as a circulating medium and capital as a prerequisite for production" were identical and also a time when the import of precious metals as such was desirable since it made larger production possible. Consequently, mercantilist foreign economic policy aiming at gold and silver import was justified. There was a time when an increase of the medium of exchange did not lead to higher prices, as we expect on the basis of the quantity* theory of money, but to lower prices because it stimulated production and increased the volume of goods available. Other examples could be added, and some of them would show that differences of opinion among various authors in matters of theory merely reflected the change in institutions. In addition, Mr. Niebyl's research clearly reveals another fact, well known but overlooked by too many of us: economic theory has not been built up by a continuous process of systematic thinking in search of truth. If we disregard the development by logical reasoning from presuppositions not tested with a view to economic reality, theory has been pieced together and has grown in a haphazard way from attempts to deal with the problems of the day and, sometimes even worse, from attempts to justify a-desired economic policy. The last great addition to economic doctrine, Keynes's admirable work, belongs in the category of those dealing with problems of the day. Thus economic theory has come to resemble an old, partly dilapidated house which has been jacked up several times. The roof has been patched again and again, attics have been converted into rooms, and rooms into storage space, stories and innumerable wings have been added whenever necessary. And after all these alterations the house is not even a comfortable one for those who have to live in it. In other words, that way of developing economic knowledge has led to both the unsatisfactory condition of economic theory and the deplorable status of the teaching of eco-


The emergence of internet novel is based on the emergence and popularization of the internet.Internet media is an important material carrier of Internet novel.Prosperity and development of internet novel is promoted by network reading.From that point,the network media is "material genes" of internet novel development.The literature kept its nature although the internet changed the existence of literary forms and the environment.The nature of the literature is defined according to the nature of human because of its writing for people and by people.Internet novel is a kind of new style of contemporary literature carried by internet.It is the popular literature among the new generation.Meanwhile,it maintains vigorous vitality.Since most contents are for the youth,young readers are the inexhaustible motive force to promote the development of internet novel.


Honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr. # PRCJG) was treated with four herbicides at 1.1 kg ae/ha at 14 dates from April 30 through September 23 over a 2-yr period. Overall, clopyralid (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) was the most effective herbicide, killing 80% or more of the honey mesquite at most dates. Picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid), triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy] acetic acid}, and 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] were less effective than clopyralid. Honey mesquite control was correlated with Julian day of year sprayed, 15 plant, 11 environmental, and 8 herbicide concentration variables. Most effective control was negatively correlated with Julian day of year sprayed and new xylem ring thickness. Control was positively correlated with total daily apparent photosynthesis, upward methylene blue dye movement in the xylem, and herbicide concentration in the xylem 3 days after spraying. The only environmental variable of 11 measured that was significantly correlated with honey mesquite control was soil water and that was only with picloram. The concentration of herbicide in the stem was highest for clopyralid, followed by picloram, and then by 2,4,5-T and triclopyr, which were about equal. Variables most useful in regression equations for predicting control with herbicides were total daily apparent photosynthesis and rate of upward movement of methylene blue dye. Variables most incorporated into regression equations relating honey mesquite control with herbicide content were herbicide concentrations in the xylem 3 or 30 days after treatment.


This study investigates the detail of ultrafast intersubband relaxation dynamics in GaN/AlN quantum wells. The experiment uses a two-color pump-probe technique at room temperature. Results show the temporal traces of the change in the transmittance of the probe pulses.


Consider a system with several input parameters; each input is a stochastic variable. The joint probability of all system outputs simultaneously meeting their specifications is found by a hitherto unpublished method called ``Multi-dimensional Convolution with Quantization.'' To use the method, two assumptions must be satisfied; the assumptions are milder than the two popular assumptions of linearity and statistical independence. There is one example.


Introduction Part I - Overview 1. The Birth of the Abduction Convention and its Inter-Relationship with Other Legal Instruments I The Birth of the Abduction Convention II Inter-Relationship with Other Legal Instruments 2. The Operation of the Abduction Convention I Sources of Information and Statistics II Institutions and other Actors Involved in the Operation of the Convention III The Abduction Convention Process IV After Return 3. Inter-Disciplinary Aspects of International Child Abduction I Sociological Aspects II Psychological Aspects of Abduction 4. International Relocation and its Inter-Relationship with Child Abduction I Introduction II Relocation Law III Inter-Relationship between Child Abduction and Relocation Part II - Parameters for Analysis 5. Parameters Relating to Text and Objectives I Introduction II Explanation of the Parameters 6. Consistency with General Legal Doctrines I Introduction II Rights and Interests of Children III Rights of Parents IV Private International Law Principles V Certainty versus Flexibility Part III - Conditions for Application of Mandatory Return Mechanism 7. Wrongful Removal or Retention I Introduction II Removal or Retention III Rights of Custody IV Analysis in Relation to Breach and Exercise of Custody Rights V Conclusions 8. Habitual Residence I Introduction II Role of Habitual Residence in the Abduction Convention III The Different Models IV Illustrating the Different Models V Analysis VI Conclusions Part IV - Defences to Mandatory Return 9. Article 12(2) I Introduction II The Case Law III Analysis IV Conclusions 10. Consent and Acquiescence I Introduction II Normative Framework III Specific Situations IV Exercise of Discretion V Analysis VI Conclusions 11. Grave Risk of Harm I Introduction II Interpretation and Application of the Grave Risk Defence III Protective Measures IV Analysis V Conclusions 12. Child's Objection I Introduction II Interpretation and Application of Article 13(2) III Analysis IV Conclusions 13. Violation of Fundamental Human Rights and Freedoms I Introduction II The Case Law III Analysis IV Conclusions Part V: The Voice of the Child 14. Ascertaining the Child's Views I Requirement to Ascertain the Child's Views II Method of Ascertaining the Child's Views in Abduction Convention Cases III Analysis IV Conclusions 15. Status of the Child in Abduction Convention Proceedings I Introduction II The Child's Right to Separate Representation III Separate Representation in Abduction Convention Cases IV Application by the Child V Conclusions Part VI: Related Proceedings and Processes 16. Mediation I Introduction II Advantages of Mediation III Problems and Solutions IV Conclusions 17. Compensating the Left-Behind Parent I Introduction II To What Extent is Compensation Appropriate? III Analysis of the Various Models IV Conclusions 18. Enforcing Rights of Access I Introduction II Article 21 of the Abduction Convention III Other International Instruments IV Conclusions Part VII: The Way Ahead 19. Conclusions and Recommendations I Introduction II Significance of the Developments Since 1980 III Conclusions


The present invention relates to a light scanning unit, a light scanning unit according to the invention and the polygon that is coupled to the rotor of the electric motor mirror, in the axial direction of the electric motor rotating shaft facing member facing the rotor, the rotor It comprises parts of the flow rate reduced to reduce the flow rate of the flow passing between the electron and the counter member.


An innovative technology to improve the bonding of refill friction stir spot welding by auxiliary material addition was proposed. The annular groove was eliminated and the energy absorption was increased. Weld bonding was enhanced because the improved technology affected the hook, retractable line and stir zone (SZ) shape significantly: (1) the effective bearing thickness of the welds increased as the hook penetration through the sheet thickness was reduced significantly, (2) the retractable line was eliminated as the dynamic recrystallisation was enhanced along the path of the sleeve moving and (3) fracture propagation was impeded by the bending interface between the SZ and the base materials.


In the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2008, many financial institutions have been exploring new methods to measure investment product risk. Lawmakers have been developing new rules that protect investors better than before. The purpose is to mitigate the risk of financial institutions that distribute investment products to their clients. This book presents professional views on investment product risk and analyzes complex investment product risk from various perspectives. Contributed by lawyers, risk managers, IT engineers and scholars, this book is an essential-read for financial regulators, bankers, investment advisors, financial engineers, risk managers, students and researchers.


The histologicaldistributionof receptorsfor Ricinus communls FractionI (RCAJ) inoralcarcinomas andinoral epitheliab cellsduringwoundhealinghasbeenstudiedby useof fluorescein-tagged RCAI.Biopsiesfrom15 human oral carcinomasand adjacentnormalmucosashowed RCA receptorsat the cell membranesin the basal and spinouslayerofthenormalepithelium, whereasreceptors could not be demonstratedIn invadingislandsof the tumors.In healingoral woundsfromeight humansand three monkeys,RCAIreceptorswere demonstrated both in normalepitheliumadjacentto the woundsand in the epithebial outgrowthfrom the woundmargin.Titrations, however,showedthat the epithelialoutgrowthreacted more weakly than did the normaladjacentepithebium. These resultssupportpreviousin vitrostudiesshowing changesin carbohydratecomposition of movingnormal cells and of malignantcells, a findingthat may be of interestin relationto formationof metastases.


Objective:To explore the specificity of the diagnosis of emergency treatment of blunt pulmonary contusion as well as trauma causes and summarize corresponding surgical strategy.Methods:C1imcal data of76cases with blunt pulmonary contusion were divided into two groups and analyzed retrospectively.Group A was those10years before1994and group B10years after1994.Cases,causes and mortality were compared between two groups and processed statistically.Results:Compared with the group A,the emergency cases were significantly increased in the group B with significantly decrease of mortality(P0.01).There were apparent changes in trauma causes and severity degree of patient's condition.Conclusion:Blunt pulmonary contusion is likely to increase significantly in recent decade,and we must take a newlook at emergency treatment of blunt pulmonary contusion.It is beneficial to clinical application of surgical strategy and can elevate the success rate in treating blunt pulmonary contusion.


Background: Airway remodeling (AR) in asthma includes complex of morphological changes, i.e. epithelial alterations, subepithelial fibrosis, goblet cells enlargement, increased smooth muscle mass and neovascularization. These changes contribute to thickening of airway walls and, consequently, lead to poor clinical outcomes among asthmatic patients. AR is mediated by various mediators, cytokines and growth factors that are released from epithelial, immune and airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells and that act though Ca2+ - dependent pathways. There is an increased evidence that Orai-STIM coupling represents one of the most important extracellular Ca2+ sources involved in AR. Methods: This study was focused on Orai-STIM pathway involvement in mechanisms of AR and evaluated effect of long-term Orai-STIM pathway inhibition on AR in experimental conditions. 28 days-long sensitization by ovalbumin was used to induce AR changes in guinea pigs airways. In experimental group, sensitization procedure was followed by long-term administration (14 days-long) of 3-fluoropyridine-4-carboxylic acid (FPCA, inhibitor of Orai-STIM coupling) or by control drugs in control groups (positive control drugs budesonide and salmeterol, negative control saline). AR and anti-remodeling effect were evaluated using histological (Gomori staining method) and immunohistochemical methods (using anti-alpha smooth muscle actin (SMA) and anti-mucin 5AC antibodies). The molecular changes responsible for the anti-remodeling


The present utility model discloses a geography position sharing system based on an intelligent hand-held terminal and a two-dimension code. The system comprises a server end position service system, a server end two-dimension code generating system and an intelligent hand-held terminal two-dimension code scanning and decoding system; the server end position service system is connected with the server end two-dimension code generating system, and the intelligent hand-held terminal two-dimension code scanning and decoding system is connected with the server end position service system through a wireless network. By adopting the system, problems that the prior art that the position sharing efficiency is low, the accuracy is low and the sharing content is not abundant can be effectively solved, and the system is simple in structure, low in costs, high in sharing efficiency, high in accuracy and abundant in sharing contents.


Objective To study the effect of Edaravone in promoting the nerve function recovery of patients with cerebral infarction.Methods Eighty six patients with cerebral infarction in our hospital from January 2009 to July 2011 were selected,and divided into routine treatment group(control group 43 cases) and Edaravone group(observation group 43 cases),then the NIHSS score and ADL score of two groups before and six,tweleve weeks after treatment were evaluated and compared.Results The results of NIHSS score and ADL score of observation group after the treatment at sixth and twelfth week were all better than those of control group,all P 0.05,there were all significant differences.Conclusion The effect of Edaravone in promoting the nerve function recovery of patients with cerebral infarction is better,and the improvement range of patients survivability is bigger,and its value is higher.


With Nature provides new ways to think about our relationship with nature in to- day's technologically mediated culture. Warwick Mules makes original connections with German critical philosophy and French post-structuralism in order to examine the effects of technology on our interactions with the natural world. In so doing, the author proposes a new way of thinking about the eco-self in terms of a careful sharing of the world with both human and nonhuman beings. With Nature ultimately argues for a poetics of everyday life that affirms the place of the human-nature relation as a creative and productive site for ecological self-renewal and redirection.


Refer to the current situation of prevention and cure of China's Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD),in terms of the mode and approach of prevention and cure of COPD,we presented some opinions of prevention and cure of China's COPD.


The French butcher-farmer Dominique Chapolard deftly displays his technique in an elegant pas de deux on a hog half laid out on the stainless steel table before him. He slices adroitly through the layers of rind, fat, and tissue, using terms like libérer, or "liberate," to describe moving through meat and bone to unearth particular cuts of pork. He punctuates his demonstrations with frequent exhortations to "love the pig," to pull the carcass close, and to let the contours of bone and muscle guide the action of the knife, rather than fighting against them. His host in Portland, Oregon, former apprentice Camas Davis, explains to the small gathering of participants how the French style of butchery, called "seam butchery," honors the contours of the muscles and yields different cuts of meat than conventional North American butchering. The French butcher's tour of the U.S. West Coast highlighted skills and techniques specific to France along with particular fresh and cured locally sourced meat. The attachment to the taste of terroir reflects a French sensibility about the intrinsic connection between nature and culture. These perspectives regarding techniques and ingredients are given an alternative spin in the U.S. Pacific Northwest, the region that gave the world grunge and the riot grrrls, along with locavores, food carts, and tattooed rising star chefs who slip foie gras into their desserts. As anthropologists exploring a renewed interest in artisanal food, we have discovered that local food politics in Portland, Oregon, belong both to global exchanges and conversations about the "taste of place" and to wider ethical debates about animal welfare. The workshops in Portland, Oregon, were hosted by Camas Davis, who had spent time in Gascony learning butchery techniques from Chapolard, and by the Portland Meat Collective (PMC), which she founded. The PMC is a group of food activists who promote do-it-yourself slaughter and butchery. They work around government regulations for meat processing by running a meat CSA (Community Supported Agriculture), a collective in which members share ownership in a locally raised animal whose meat they will divide among themselves after learning how to carve it up.


This research aims to determine and examine mountainously about the satisfaction of airlines and Perum lppnpi management through of air traffic flow management in I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport. This research used qualitative method with research subject namely airline, ATFM Operator and Perum lppnpi management. Data collection technique was carried out by in-depth interview. Researchers implement the adoption Zeithaml and Bitner's Servqual Technique. The result of data analysis in this study indicate that the quality of service through ATFM are well guarded, but significantly factor of that quality is reliability, why? Because the consumer has been satisfied with a good service, fast and punctuality.


As a hinterland province neither coastal nor border, Jiangxi is relatively backward in economic and social development. The province's economic growth mainly depends on material capital and labor input, and the level of human capital is low. More importantly, the limited investment in physical capital in Jiangxi Province, relying solely on the accumulation of physical capital to promote the economic development of Jiangxi Province, and then narrowing the gap with developed areas is unrealistic. This article is based on the situation in Jiangxi Province, on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the necessity and current situation of human capital investment in Jiangxi, and further put forward countermeasures to strengthen investment in human capital in Jiangxi. Keywords—Human capital;Investment motivation;Current situation;Countermeasures


This paper presents a new logical process (LP) simulation model for distributed simulation systems where Null Message Algorithm (NMA) is used as an underlying time management algorithm (TMA) to provide synchronization among LPs. To extend the proposed simulation model for n number of LPs, this paper provides a detailed overview of the internal architecture of each LP and its coordination with the other LPs through sub-system components and models such as communication interface and simulation executive. The proposed architecture of LP simulation model describes the proper sequence of coordination that need to be done among LPs though different subsystem components and models to achieve synchronization. To execute the proposed LP simulation model for different set of parameters, a queuing network model is used. Experiments will be performed to verify the accuracy of the proposed simulation model using the pre-derived mathematical equations. Our numerical and simulation results can be used to observe the exchange of null messages and overhead indices. (Received in April 2012, accepted in January 2013. This paper was with the author 3 months for 3 revisions.)


The journey of the Chilean architect Juan Borchers (1910-1975) through America and later in Europe and North Africa is a paradigmatic case of a catalytic experience that created new ways of representing space. These representations are the result of the critique of known techniques, the implementation of registration strategies, and the interpretation of architecture based on full-page images in books and theories of perception. In the article the study of the Campo de los Milagros performed in 1948 by Borchers is exposed, where he differentiates between photography, the lens, and the eye, based on theoretical references of representation from Oswald Spengler, Henri Poincare, and Adolf Hildebrand, ending with the recovery of images from memory by applying techniques of interpretation of reality.


Domestic and overseas development status of responsive space launch was analyzed in this paper,and developing trends were summarized.Points restricting the development of responsive space launch in China were also analyzed.Meantime,capacity factors and key technologies were cleared up.Finally,the paper gives out some suggestions which may be useful to the construction of responsive space launch system.


Objective: To evaluate the safety and activity of low dose Interleukin-2 (ld IL-2) in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Background: Blood regulatory T-cells (Tregs) level is a strong predictor of ALS disease severity. In auto-immune/auto-inflammatory conditions, ld IL-2 was reported to safely expand Tregs, inducing significant clinical improvements. Design/Methods: This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized (12 patients/group), parallel-group study of ld IL-2 (1MIU and 2 MIU/days s.c.) for 5 days every 4 weeks for 3 cycles. Assessment times were: before each cycle, 3 days after cycle 1 & 3 (T e max), 3 weeks after 3 rd cycle, and 3 months after last dosing. Primary criteria: Tregs at T e max/cycle-1 (expressed as numbers: Tregn and as % of CD4: Treg%). Secondary criteria: Tregs at all other study times, immuno-inflammatory blood-cells, cytokines/chemokines, functional decline (ALSFRS, Vital Capacity), and neurofilaments (NFs) levels. Safety was assessed from randomization up to 3 months after last dosing through adverse events reporting, physical examination, and routine laboratory tests. Results: All 36 randomized patients were alive at the end of the study, with no drug-related SAE reported. Drug-related NSAEs were similar to those reported in other conditions, and were generally mild to moderate and transient. Compared to placebo, both ld IL-2 doses significantly expanded Tregn and Treg% (p e max-cycle/1 and T e max-cycle/3, and at all trough level times (iAUC trough p Conclusions: Ld IL-2 therapy is safe and well tolerated in ALS patients; our treatment schedule induced a strong expansion of Tregs at both doses, lasting throughout the treatment period. These preliminary results warrant further clinical developments to investigate whether ld IL-2 induced Tregs expansion translates into a clinical benefit for the ALS patients population. Study Supported by: The French Health Ministry grant, PHRC-I 2014 #14-056 Disclosure: Dr. Bensimon has nothing to disclose. Dr. Camu has received personal compensation for activities with Actelion, Biogen-Idec, Merck Serono, Novartis and Sanofi in the form of honoraria or research grants. Dr. Payan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tree has nothing to disclose. Dr. Veyrune has nothing to disclose. Dr. Malaspina has nothing to disclose. Dr. Garlanda has nothing to disclose. Dr. Locati has nothing to disclose. Dr. Saker has nothing to disclose. Dr. Juntas-Morales has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pageot has nothing to disclose. Dr. De Vos has nothing to disclose. Dr. Kirby has nothing to disclose. Dr. Al-Chalabi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Leigh has received personal compensation for activities with Roche as a consultant. Dr. Leigh has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity. Dr. Leigh has received research support from Sanofi-Aventis UK, France and Germany.


This paper proposes an optimal training design for an amplify-and-forward (AF) relay system, in which the source, relay, and destination are all equipped with multiple antennas. Examined is the scenario when spatial correlation exists among the multiple antennas employed at each node. By properly exploiting the correlation information, the training design problem is formulated as a convex optimization problem, which can be efficiently solved with the iterative bisection procedure. A simpler suboptimal design based on minimizing an upper bound on the channel estimation error is also suggested. Simulation results demonstrate the performance advantage of the proposed training designs for the linear minimum mean-squared-error (LMMSE) channel vector estimation over the training design for the LMMSE channel matrix estimation.