INTRODUCTION:One of the major themes in the field of development studies is the role that women play in development. The issues of the role that women have played in development, how they could contribute to sustainable development and benefit maximally from development agendas and programmes have been major focus of the United Nations (UN) since its inception. This world body even has a flagship publication on the role of women in development, which is presented to the second committee of the General Assembly at five-year intervals (UN, 2015). Moreover, the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) gave priority to women issues. Specifically, Goal 3 of the MDGs is to promote gender equality and empower women. The target is to eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education in particular and in all levels of education in general by the year 2015. Ultimately, the overall objective is to empower women in order to enhance their contributions and benefits from development programmes all over the world (UNDP, 2013).In Nigeria, discourse and debates on the role of women in national development dates back to 1980s, when concerted efforts were made to establish the fact that women have contributed to national development and could significantly contribute to the development of the nation if given more opportunities (Akande, 1987:1). Nina Emma Mba's Nigerian Women Mobilized: Women's Political Activities in Southern Nigeria, 1900-1965, was a major publication in this regard. Its focus was on the political activities of Southern Nigerian women between 1900 and 1965 (Mba, 1982). Other books that have been published on the role of Nigerian women in development include: Imam's Women in Nigeria Today published in 1985; Dhizea and Njoku's Nigerian Women and the Challenges of our time, published in 1991; Uchendu's Education and the Changing Economic Role of Nigerian Women, published in 1995; Osinulu and Mba's edited work titled Nigerian Women in Politics: 1986-1993, published in 1996 and Ogbomo's When Men and Women Mattered: A History of Gender Relations Among the Owan of Nigeria, published in 1997 (Imam, 1985; Dhizea and Njoku, 1991; Uchendu, 1995; Osinulu and Mba, 1996; Ogbomo, 1997).With regard to Esanland, it was only recently that deliberate and co-ordinated efforts to document and underscore the role of women in society and development began. The idea has been to document the role of women in the development of Esanland in particular and the nation in general. The objective is to canvass that since women have contributed to the development of the area they should be given more opportunities to contribute their quota to development at the local and national levels. This paper is another effort in that direction.Esanland is located in Edo State, Nigeria. It is a culture and a language group that currently occupies the five local government areas that constitute the Central Senatorial District of the state. The local government councils are: Esan West, Esan- Central, Esan North-East, Esan North-West and Igueben (Ukhun and Inegbedion, 2005). The land, the language and the people are known as Esan. Esanland was a Division of Benin Province in the colonial period. It was then called "Ishan" Division. Ishan was used for the area due to the inability of the colonial officials to pronounce the original name correctly (Okoduwa, 1997: 129). Up to the colonial period, Esan society was gendered along sex lines. Sex was the basis of role allocation, opportunities, rights and privileges. It was a patriarchal society in which male supremacy was not only acknowledged but accepted as a "fait accompli" by the women. Notwithstanding their significant role in the pre-colonial economy of the area, in public affairs, women were to be seen and not to be heard (Unumen, 1988: 5).Taxation has been defined as the imposition or assessment of a tax. It is the means by which the state obtains the revenue required for its operations, including providing the public with the necessary goods and services as well as pay government workers' salaries. …


In this paper I expound and criticise the arguments of two leading exponents of critical ecological feminism. According to critical ecological feminism responsibility for the oppressions of the natural world and the oppressions of racism and sexism can be traced to a logic of domination that is based on suspect value dualities and presupposes an unacceptable 'moral extensionism'(the view that moral status depends on membership of a specified class). I argue firstly that critical ecological feminism's critique of value dualism presupposes the truth of the thesis that humans and non-humans are morally equal, a thesis for which it offers no persuasive arguments (indeed critical ecological feminism advocates a kind of virtue ethic which is itself incompatible with such supposed equality). Secondly I maintain that moral extensionism, contrary to the claims of critical ecological feminism, can support a genuine respect for the natural world. Finally I suggest that the arguments for one version of critical ecological feminism, in order to be made convincing, themselves require the truth of moral extensionism.


Experimental tests were conducted on the hot plate of a 4-inch single-wafer baking oven in order to characterize the dynamics of the wafer temperature during baking, and a factorial experiment was carried out to investigate the significance of these thermal effects on photolithography performance. The purpose was to quantify the effect of temperature overshoot on the critical dimensions, the resist photosensitivity value, and the film thickness, which are the three most significant photolithography outputs. The experimental results indicate that the baking ovens commonly exhibit temperature overshoot by exceeding the prescribed processing temperature. Levels of overshoot of 3°C and 4°C at both the soft-bake and post-exposure bake steps are responsible for statistically significant deviations in critical dimensions and in photosensitivity, with respect to a reference population of films processed under controlled temperature overshoots of 1°C or less. A temperature overshoot of 3°C in the soft-bake cause a small, but statistically significant, increase in CD of 0.011 pm, an increase in ET of 7.5 msec, and a thinning. in resist thickness of 78A. Also, an overshoot of 4°C or greater at post-exposure bake causes an increase in CD's of 0.024 pm, and an increase in ET of 17.5 msec. Further, if overshoots of 3°C or greater at both SB and at PEB occur, then the total CD mean shift is 0.035 μm and the ET mean shift is 25 msec. These output deviations produce a loss in process capability quantitatively measured by the reduction of the process capability index Cpk.


From a romantic fighter to classic guard,LiangShiQiu experienced the most important transform of thought.Propagating" healthy、normal、universal" theory of human nature but ignoring the social class of literature, which evoking quarrel about LiangShiQiu in Chinese literary circles.This paper will describe his article thought from diachronic facet,in order to grasp the essence of article thought of Mr.Liang,who was placed in right flank for a long time.


In the light of the present situation of the existing water resources in Taiyuan City,this paper analyzes on the necessity and urgency of Carrying out the "one family one meter" project,introduces the contents and procedures of the "one family one meter" project,and probes into some problems needing attention in the "one family one meter" project.


Report analyzes fertility levels and trends in 25 developing countries which took part in the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) program. The study uses various measure of current and past fertility in its analysis and displays its findings in a variety of tables and figures. Fertility rates given are based on data from the reproduction section of the DHS questionnaire and include age-specific rates total fertility rates (TFR) and marital fertility rates. Data gathered on children ever born (CEB) and children surviving is analyzed. The report includes the total fertility rate for women 15-44 for 2 periods 0-3 years prior to survey and 4-7 years prior and compares this data with data from other surveys. The analysis of this data projects a general decline in fertility rates in the future. Age at first birth is studied as an important indicator of the timing of subsequent births and of the completed family size. The incidence of infertility is examined. Results show the level of infertility to be low in most of the 25 DHS countries studied. Many questions remain unanswered by this study. While there has been a decline in the sub-Saharan Africa fertility rates it is not certain if they will continue to decline or whether the decline will be duplicated in other regions. Fertility transition may be beginning in the countries where family planning has met with limited success in the past but it is not certain. It is not clear whether countries experiencing moderate fertility declines will sustain the momentum or plateau.


Systems-on-chip traditionally rely on bulky quartz crystals to comply with wired communication standards like CAN or USB 2.0. Integrated frequency references with better than 500ppm inaccuracy could meet this need, resulting in higher integration and lower cost. Candidate architectures have employed RC-, LC- or TD (thermal diffusivity)-based time constants, all of which can be realized in standard CMOS. Compared to LC $(\sim 20\mathrm{mW}, \sim 100\mathrm{ppm})$ [1] or TD $(\sim 2\mathrm{mW},\sim 1000\mathrm{ppm})$ [2] references, RC references offer the lowest power consumption and competitive accuracy $(< 1\mathrm{mW},\ 200\mathrm{ppm})$[3]. However, due to the nonlinear temperature dependence of on-chip resistors, such references require complex temperature-compensation schemes based on higher-order correction polynomials and extensive calibration [3], [4], or complicated analog compensation networks [5].


The new therapeutic method of functional regulation of movements (FRM) as a part of treatment course for children with cerebral paralysis was developed. It is an individual technique of consensual work of anatomically remote muscular groups. This approach provides the influence on mechanisms of pathological activity of central nervous system by means of including deep regulating processes representing ontogenetic programs of motor activity. This technique has the advantage of immediate formation of correct motor stereotype and highly individual approach that promotes increase of therapy effectiveness


Seroma formation (SF) is a common post-operative complication of many operations [1]. Extensive dissection area resulting in a big dead space predispose the accumulation of fluid and the formation of a postoperative seroma and is one of the greatest risk factors for its formation. The larger the surgical intervention, the more likely it is that seromas appear. Plastic and Reconstructive surgeons use techniques like extensive dissecting, development and reposition of myo/fascio/cutaneous flaps and harvesting tissues in order to reallocate them to another area in the body, often leaving a dead space behind them. Therefore, seromas are particularly common after reconstructive surgeries.


Nowdays, Popular and Solidarity Economy Law has a great importance for many cooperatives because they are agreed that the social balance will help inside and outside in order to ensure the right accomplishment. This research is based on seven macro dimensions application. They are supported by social balance model at "La Libertad 3" Cooperativa de Ahorro Y Credito, during the 2014. This is taken as an a priori model of their relationship with internal customers, organizational environment, gender equality, equity cognitive, social and cultural respect, values, participation in solidarity economy, source and training method. Also, it helps to visualize the feasibility regard to continuously improve internal relationships which affect the working environment and services. They can strengthen the institution, in a competitive market within the cornerstones of cooperative management. Besides….


We generalize to the context internal to an autonomous monoidal bicategory the work of Bruguieres, Virelizier, and the second-named author on lifting closed structure on a monoidal category to the category of Eilenberg-Moore algebras for an opmonoidal monad. The result then applies to quantum categories and bialgebroids.


Some departing words from the Journal's Managing Editor in stepping down from the role of Editor-in-Chief of the Telecommunications Journal of Australia and its successor, the Australian Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy, after 21 years in the job.


Mortality is one of the principal components of population change. An accurate measurement of mortality is required in order to analyse the demographic status of a population and its potential growth, to meet administrative needs relating to public health programmes, to formulate policy and to evalu'ate health programmes, with particular reference to preventive measures. Mortality statistics yielding information on the number of deaths in a year by geographical divisions also help to identify areas that require greater medical and health facilities. Mortality statistics classified by age, sex and socio-economic characteristics permit the identification of vulnerable and target groups of the population for whom the necessary health and medical care must be provided. Data on causes of death form the basis for taking preventive and curative measures against communicable and other diseases and, in general, for improving the health conditions of the people in a given area. The main sources of mortality data in India are: (a) the civil registration system; (b) population censuses; and (c) sample surveys, including both the Survey on Cause of Death and the Sample Registration System. In this chapter, the civil registration system, population censuses and the Survey on Cause of Deaths are briefly reviewed; the Sample Registration System is then discussed in detail.


In a typical education system dealing with kindergarten, it is a practice to hold the hands of the child to teach him to write. In the same scenario where there is a ratio of 1:40, teachers vs. students, it is impractical to give individual attention. A teaching assistance robot will be very useful in this scenario. This project is about giving a possible solution to this problem by implementing a script writing robot. A simulation of a RRL (RevoluteRevolute-Linear) Tamil-script writing robot is done using MATLAB10 software. The Tamil script is a very complex script. It involves geometric figures like circle, cycloid, spiral, ellipse, etc... Hence, by studying Tamil scripts, other language scripts can be easily adapted. By implementing these types of script writing robots, a substantial amount of resources in terms of money and time are reduced. It will help every child to have a firm grasp on their basic education and improves the overall quality of teaching and learning


Theories and research studies related to the effects of financial compensation on employee motivation are reviewed and critically evaluated. Such theories are based primarily on limited studies conducted on subhuman species; no deductions from these theories have been adequately tested in industry. Most compensation practices in industry are based on impressionistic evidence characterized by anecdotal accounts and data gathered by means of self-report questionnaires. Studies of the effects of money on employee behavior need to be conducted in laboratory or in tightly controlled field settings. A commendable start in this direction has been made by a few investigators, but more empirical tests of the bases of current compensation practices are needed. Such research should lead eventually to a sound theory of money and employee motivation from which more effective and more behaviorally relevant compensation practices may be derived. Widespread interest in money as a motivational tool for spurring production was first stimulated in this country by Frederick Taylor. Some years before the turn of the century, Taylor observed an energetic steelworker, who, after putting in a 12-hour day of lifting pigs of iron, would run 12 miles up a mountainside to work on his cabin. If this excess energy could be used to produce more on the job, thought Taylor, higher profits from lower fixed costs could be used to pay the worker significantly more for his increased efforts. Such was the beginning of scientific management, which is based essentially on the assumption that workers will put forth extra effort on the job to maximize their economic gains. This became a guiding principle in pay practices until the late 1920s when the human relations movement in industrial psychology was ushered in with the Western Electric studies directed by Elton Mayo. As a result of these studies, recognition of man's ego and social needs became widespread, and job factors other than pay came to be emphasized as the major reasons why men work. To a large extent, these later ideas are still with us. Yet, few would disagree


Pigmented lesions. Dermatoscopic evaluation We present the case of a 73 year old woman, who came to the consultancy due to several dark-brown maculopapular lesions on her forehead, all along the hairline. The lesions exhibited progressive growth and appeared to be of several months of evolution. At first glance diagnosis was unclear and led us to consider seborrhoeic keratosis, atypical nevus, melanoma or basal cell carcinoma. Dermatoscopy is a technique of increasing interest for the medical community since it has been demonstrated to be useful in the study of cutaneous tumours, specially pigmented ones. It facilitates differential diagnosis and improves diagnostic precision. Using this technique we determined that the lesions had the typical structures of basal cell carcinoma.


The formation environment of stars in massive stellar clusters is similar to the environment of stars forming in galaxies at a redshift of 1 - 3, at the peak star formation rate density of the Universe. As massive clusters are still forming at the present day at a fraction of the distance to high-redshift galaxies they offer an opportunity to understand the processes controlling star formation and feedback in conditions similar to those in which most stars in the Universe formed. Here we describe a system of massive clusters and their progenitor gas clouds in the centre of the Milky Way, and outline how detailed observations of this system may be able to: (i) help answer some of the fundamental open questions in star formation and (ii) quantify how stellar feedback couples to the surrounding interstellar medium in this high-pressure, high-redshift analogue environment.


In the work the special aspects of panoramic temperature and/or shear stress diagnostics by liquid crystals are considered. Some metrological characteristics of two types of LC composites on the basis of cholesterics and nematics are discussed. The temperature and shear stress hue sensitivity are analyzed. The examples of application are presented.


Objective To explore the application value of fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition(FIESTA) MR imaging in the detection of hepatic lesions.Methods FIESTA T2W * I and FSE T2WI were obtained in 121patients with liver lesions,then 80patients with 244pathologically or clinically proved lesions were detected,and FIESTA and FSE were evaluated according to detection ratio,image quality classification and quantitative analysis.Results ①For detecting cystic lesions,FIESTA was little better than FSE(P0.05),while for solid lesions,FIESTA was evidently lower than FSE(P 0.05).②For the lesion's contrast and artifacts,FSE was better than FIESTA(P0.05),however,FIESTA had an advantage in the abdomen viscera border,interval anatomy shown,definition of intrahepatic veins and portal vein system(P0.05).③SNR of FIESTA sequences was higher than FSE sequences(P0.001).Liver and spleen contrast-noise ratio of FIESTA were lower than FSE(P0.001).The contrast-noise ratio of solid lesions in FIESTA was lower than those in FSE(P0.05),but no differences existed for the contrast-noise ratio of cystic lesions(P0.05).Conclusion FIESTA has good SNR,little motion artifact,and excellent demonstration of abdominal framework,interval anatomy,intra-hepatic veins,portal vein system and the lesions in or out of biliary duct,while it detects fewer solid lesions than FSE,especially for solid small lesions,and appears magnetism artifacts easily.


Valerenic acid (VA) is one of the classic traditional Chinese medicines. The advent of liposomal nanoparticles (LNPs) might strengthen on-target effect of drugs and reduce side effects. Our study aimed to explore the antitumor activity of liposomal nanoparticle encapsulating valerenic
 acid (LNP-DP1-VA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). LNPs were prepared for targeted delivery of VA and the in vivo and in vitro release characteristics were detected. Flow cytometry and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide, Thiazolyl Blue Tetrazolium
 Bromide (MTT) were conducted to assess the proliferation and apoptosis of HCC cells (Hep3B) and tumor volume was measured. With average particle size of 310 nm, the synthetic LNPs were distributed uniformly and presented circular in shape. Treatment with LNP-DP1-VA increased apoptosis of Hep3B
 cells and suppressed clone formation as well as blocked cell cycle when decreasing cell proliferation.Moreover, LNP-DP1-VA resulted in the decreased level of Wnt as well as β-catenin, preventing these proteins from entering the nucleus. LNP-DP1-VA can delay progression of HCC by
 regulating the expression of Wnt/β-catenin and it is a novel promising alternative for HCC treatment.


1 Registrar, Department of Psychiatry, SKIMS MC, Srinagar 2 Professor & HOD, Department of Psychiatry, MGM medical College, Navi Mumbai 3 Post Graduate, Department of Hospital Administration, SKIMS, Srinagar 4 Senior Resident, Department of Hospital Administration, SKIMS, Srinagar 5 Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, MGM medical College, Navi Mumbai 6 Post Graduate, Department of Psychiatry, SKIMS MC, Srinagar Corresponding Author Mohammed Sarwar Mir Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Suicide is fatal act that represents the person's wish to die. There is a range, however, between thinking about suicide and acting it out. Some persons have ideas of suicide that they will never act on. In all countries, suicide is now one of the three leading causes of death among people. Until recently, the suicide rate was highest for the elderly, but now suicide predominates in younger people. In psychological sciences, the term stress is used to denote an influence that is disquieting or disruptive to a person's emotional status that cannot be mastered or encompassed within a reasonable period of time. Since there is paucity of relevant data from Maharashtra, this study was designed to find the personality traits in patients of suicidal attempt in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Navi Mumbai. Hundred successive patients presents with history of attempted suicide who filled inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken up for the study and administered the International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) scale for evaluation of personality traits. Each patient was informed about the purpose of interview; his/her consent was obtained and strict confidentiality was ensured. General description, demographic data and psychiatric history were recorded using the self designed proforma and the IPDE. Majority of the suicide attempters (58%) were of young age group (18-25) years with female predominance (62%) were unmarried (59%) and belonged to Hindu (87%). Major Depressive Disorder was main psychiatric co-morbidity seen with 28% followed by alcohol dependence (21%) and panic disorder with 13%. Major Depressive Disorder was predominant co-morbidity found in patients of attempted suicide.


Liberation therapy has received significant attention in Canadian media as a controversial new surgical treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS). The wavering stance of the Canadian Institute of Health Research to fund clinical trials informed contentious media representations rooted in scientific expertise versus patient advocacy and hope. This research supports the finding of preceding media studies in scientific controversies that the conflict was defined by: a) A balance ethic giving equal weight to competing stakeholders, b) Socially constituted moral issues were dominated by a patient injustice frame, and c) A strong emphasis placed on stakeholders made up of patients or affected individuals to dominate the media framing and discourse. Through an in-depth case study informed by the sociology of scientific knowledge, this research argues that not only did the moral amplification of the patient injustice frame give salience to certain facts over others, but it also contributed to the social determination of research priorities. CONSTRUCTING SCIENTIFIC CONSTROVERSY


An alginate-kaolin based controlled-release formulation of the herbicide thiobencarb, TCR-1, was prepared. The distribution, bioaccumulation and persistence of thiobencarb from this formulation were compared to those from a commercial granular formulation, 10 G, in flooded paddy soil under controlled conditions and in simulated aquatic systems and rice paddy/fish systems under greenhouse conditions. Persistence of the total residues and thiobencarb parent increased significantly in the soil treated with TCR-1, and at the end of a 49-day incubation 32.5% of the applied herbicide was recovered as the parent from the soil treated with TCR-1, compared to only 15.2% from the soil treated with 10 G. Slower release into water and less accumulation in fish tissues were found in the simulated aquatic system treated with TCR-1. A lower concentration was detected in the paddy water in the simulated rice paddy/fish system treated with TCR-1 over the duration of a 66-day greenhouse experiment. Fish and rice plants accumulated less residues from the system treated with TCR-1 than from that with commercial formulation 10 G. The overall results indicated that the persistence of thiobencarb in the controlled-release formulation was prolonged in water and soil, and the potential impact on non-target components such as rice plants and fish was concurrently reduced.


Abstract Baillonella toxisperma is a scattered endemic species of the Guineo-Congolian forest. Wedeveloped 15 nuclear microsatellite markers specifically for B. toxisperma to analyse thegenetic diversity of 188 individuals distributed in two natural populations in Gabon. Onaverage, 8.3 alleles per locus were identified; observed he terozygosity ranged from 0.056to 0.872 and expected heterozygosity from 0.282 to 0.823 among populations. Only threeloci showed a significant departure to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, but no linkagedisequilibrium was observed for any pair of loci. Keywords : Baillonella toxisperma , genetic diversity, nuclear microsatellites Received 31 July 2008; revision accepted 17 November 2008 The monotypic genus Baillonella belongs to the Ericalesorder of the Sapotaceae family. Baillonella toxisperma Pierre(usually named Moabi) is endemic of the Guineo-Congoleseregion (White 1983), ranging from Angola (Cabinda) tosouthern Nigeria. Because trees are scattered in the forest(around one individual per 15–20 ha of forest; Letouzey1985),


Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, Taejon 305-764, KoreaReceived August 29, 2001Keywords : 5-Mercapto-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-one, Heterocyclic macrocycle, X-Ray crystal struc-ture, Mass spectra.As a continuation of our studies on macrocyclic compoundscontaining 1,3,4-thiadiazoles,


of facts, taboos, and legends. The protagonist grows up among adults who recount their war stories incessantly, causing him to flee his hometown and then the country. The scholar asserts that the historical recovery in this novel is tempered by the understanding that a personally lived history is difficult to reduce to any form of representation. Chapter 7 traces the demythification in Manuel Talens's short story "Ucronía" (from Venganzas, 1994), in which Franco is murdered in a grotesque manner one week after Lorca's assassination and the Civil War is won by the Republican side. Healing humor permeates this wishful and cathartic rewriting of history. A conclusion provides a synthesis of the individual studies and closes with an emphasis on communal identity as the intersection between the mythic and the traumatic in coming to grips with a troubling past. As with any work of this length and breadth, tiny devils in the details are bound to arise. Classifying this group of writers as novísimos, despite the explanation given, remained contradictory since this term applies to a specific group of poets with a different esthetic (except in the case of Vázquez Montalbán, who belongs to both groups). The critic's thorough delineations of cultural background and literary history for each new subtopic are virtues mainly, but much pruning could have been done to make the book less unwieldy and more succinct. Many of the explanations are not necessary for experts yet will be too cumbersome for students. Three introductions with a total of 115 pages seem overly perambulatory. The labeling of ¡Ay Carmela! as a comedy and of the ending of Luna de lobos as the death of the protagonist was optimistic in the first case and pessimistic in the latter (his exile could be seen as an open conclusion leading to yet another fragmented chapter in a nomadic life). The wealth of secondary-source documentation does omit at least one U.S. contemporary Peninsular scholar; one hopes that the book will not get caught on the spires of this predicament. But there is much more in this book to applaud than to quibble with; the provocative combination of timely and relevant theories and insightful readings should make it central to late 20th Century Spanish cultural criticism.


ABSTRACT:- This research aims to attainment two essential purposes : first, using of inorganic flame retardant which represent zinc borate to increase the flame retardancy for advanced composite material consist of araldite resin (CY223) reinforced by hybrid fibers from carbon and Kevlar fibers as a woven roving (0 o - 45 o), by using a surface layer from zinc borate as a coating layer of (4mm) thickness .Then, this system was exposed to a direct flame generated from gas flame (2000oC) with different flame exposure distances (10 mm, 20mm), and study the range of resistance of retardant material layer to the flames and protected the substrate . Second, forming a hybrid flame retardant by added antimony trioxide to zinc borate with various amount(10%,20%,30%) to enhance the retardant action of this material to flame and exposure this hybrid material to same flame temperature and exposure distances and time periods (5-60 sec) and (5-95 sec). Method of measuring the surface temperature opposite to the flame was used to determined the heat transferred to composite material . The best results was obtained with large exposed distance and large percentage from protective layer which is zinc borate with (30%) antimony trioxide.


The utility model relates to a cogeneration low temperature thermal energy recovery device which comprises a steam boiler, a steam turbine, a generator, a condenser, a deaerator, a high pressure heater, a cooling tower and a demineralized water pump, wherein the steam turbine is connected with the condenser through a steam exhaust cylinder; and the condenser and the cooling tower are connected through a pipeline so as to form a waterway general circulation. The cogeneration low temperature thermal energy recovery device is characterized in that the device also comprises a water replenishing mixer and a heat pump type feed-water heater, wherein the water replenishing mixer is respectively connected with the condenser and the demineralized water pump through a pipeline; the heat pump type feed-water heater is respectively connected with the water replenishing mixer and the deaerator through a pipeline; and the condenser and the feed-water heater are connected through a pipeline so as to form a waterway tiny circulation. The heat pump type feed-water heater is driven by steam pumped out by the steam turbine. The cogeneration low temperature thermal energy recovery device further comprises an automatic control device. The cogeneration low temperature thermal energy recovery device can reduce the cold source loss and improve the comprehensive heat efficiency.


The utility model provides a sewing machine motor, which comprises a stator, a rotor and an insulated winding thread. The utility model is characterized in that: the stator is composed of the piled stator sheets which are formed by anneal steel sheets, and the rotor is composed of the piled rotor sheets which are formed by anneal steel sheets; the insulated winding thread is composed of an aluminum core thread and an outer insulated layer. At the same time, compared with the prior art, the insulated winding thread has a plurality of circles, and the rotor and the stator adopt anneal steel sheets, and the insulated winding thread adopts aluminum core thread, therefore the cost is obviously reduced, and the utility model also keeps the function and the power of the prior art, therefore, the utility model not only has low cost, but also keeps the function and the power of the prior art.


1Department of Medical Microbiology & Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; 2Department of Infectious Disease Control, Beijing Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; 3The Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign, Urbana, USA; 4Biochemistry Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA *For correspondence: email@example.com; email@example.com


Objective A method for determining arecoline in betelnut foods by on line HPLC-UV-ESI/MS was established.Methods The separation was operated on an analytical spherigel C18 column(5 μm,250 mm×4.6 mm)with acetonitrile:water(containing 0.1% triethylamine)as mobile phase.Results Good linearity between peak areas and concentrations was obtained within the range of 0.2-20μg/ml.Conclusion The method is simple and can determine arecoline in betelnut foods accurately.


The Altai Region along with the regions of the Siberian Federal District belongs to the zone with trace element deficiency including iodine deficiency. The research goal was to study the effect of iodine on edible egg quality of laying hens of the Rodonit cross. At the final stage of egg-laying, 4 groups of 4 laying hens were formed. No iodine was administered to the hens of the 1st control group. Starch-based iodine product was administered to the birds of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th trial groups into the lower third of the neck, under the wing and into the rump area in a dose of 1.5 mg per head. The egg production intensity in the trial groups was higher by 21.3-28.8%. Egg weight in the 1st control group was 65.6 ± 1.33g which was lower than that in the trial groups by 4.4% (2nd group); 3.7% (3rd group) and 1.5% 4th group). All eggs belonged to "select" grade. The 3rd and 4th trial groups had less egg white by 3.8 and 2.7%; the egg-yolk content increases in the eggs of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th trial groups by 1.2%, 9.4% and 2.4%, respectively, and the eggshell weight by 1.2-9.4% as com-pared to the control. The ratio of egg white and egg-yolk weight in the eggs of the trial groups was lower than in the control group by 9.38-19.29%, but the ratio of egg-yolk to egg white was by 10.4-23.9% higher. The following indices were higher in the trial groups as compared to the control: egg white index -by 1.4-17.1%; egg-yolk -by 3.2-6.4%; Haugh unit -by 7.2-11.1%; eggshell thickness -by 3.9-8.3%. The best results were obtained with the administra-tion of iodine to the hens in the region of the lower third of the neck. The enrichment of the body of laying hens of the Rodonit cross with iodine makes it possible to obtain the profitability of edible egg production at the level of 28.6-41.0%.


This paper analyzes which aspects of football were typified as problematic in Folha de S. Paulo editorials during the period 2008 to 2017 and interprets the potential ideological of these typifications. For this, it adopts the concept of ideology elaborated by John B. Thompson, who understands that a symbolic form can be characterized as ideological when it establishes and sustains relations of domination. It also adopts his methodological proposal – depth hermeneutics –, which is organized in three phases: socio-historical analysis, formal or discursive analysis and interpretation/ reinterpretation. Among other things, it concludes that the material analyzed is potentially ideological because it maintains women's football and machismo in the stands in the shadow, naturalizes the neoliberal logic that guides the production of the football spectacle, contributes to the belief that corruption is a permanent and immutable phenomenon and purges the organized groups of fans, building them as an irrational element in the midst of the fan collective.


Our objective was to estimate genetic parameters, and genetic and phenotypic trends for bodyweight (BW; measured at birth, 120, 205 (weaning age), 365, 450 and 550 days of age), scrotal circumference, and visual appraisal scores of body conformation in Guzerat cattle. Data regarding body structure, finishing precocity, muscling, sheath and navel, breed characteristics, limbs (soundness of feet and legs), and sexuality, which were visually appraised, were obtained from the Brazilian Association of Zebu Breeders, recorded between 1970 and 2013 in five Brazilian states. Variance components and heritability were estimated by using linear animal (for continuous variables) and threshold (for categorical variables) models using Bayesian inference. Genetic and phenotypic trends were obtained by regressing the average annual genetic value relative to animal's birth year. The direct heritability values for BW were high, ranging from 0.38 to 0.45, whereas the maternal effect was responsible for 17–23% of the phenotypic variation. For scrotal circumference, the direct heritability values were median with values ranging from 0.08 and 0.15, whereas for visual appraisal scores, the values were median to high (0.07–0.18). Higher response to selection for BW traits is expected for those with moderate to high heritabilities. The estimated genetic trends indicated favourable changes for BW with average annual changes of 396, 2948, 3388, 5808, 8184, and 8096 g for BW at the respective ages. The genetic values were decreasing over the years for scrotal circumference, body structure, finishing precocity, muscling, and sheath and navel. Therefore, a longer evaluation period should be utilised to assess these traits as little time has elapsed from the beginning of the selection until the time of the present study.


Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of different methods of decompression in lumbar canal stenosis (LCS) with regard to the effectiveness of different techniques in relieving symptoms, duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, and decreasing of postoperative complications. Background LCS is defined as a narrowing of any part of the lumbar spinal canal. Several surgical techniques for lumbar spine decompression have been described over the last few decades. The aim of surgery for symptomatic LCS is to relieve the symptoms by adequate neural decompression while preserving the anatomy and the biomechanical function of the lumbar spine as much as possible. Patients and methods This prospective study was conducted from September 2015 to August 2017 including three groups: group A treated with conventional laminectomy (CL), group B treated with CL with posterolateral fusion, and group C treated with unilateral laminectomy with bilateral decompression. We used Oswestry disability index to assess preoperative and postoperative disabilities and pain. Results In this study, statistical results revealed that there was statistical significance in the improvement of claudicating sciatica between the three groups as regards the Oswestry disability index (P < 0.001). There was statistical significance between three groups with regard to blood loss (P < 0.001), length of surgical procedure (P = 0.009), postoperative hospital stays (P < 0.001), and postoperative complication. Conclusion On the basis of short-term follow-up, a minimally invasive technique like unilateral laminectomy with bilateral decompression allowed decompression, preserving spine stability with a natural range of motion, with less blood loss, less hospital stay, and decreased intraoperative and postoperative complication rather than CL with or without posterolateral fusion.


A team from the Westinghouse Savannah River Technology Center, and the University of Florida, has been active for about a decade in development of microwave technology for a variety of waste management applications. This interaction has resulted in the development of unique equipment and uses of microwave energy, especially in the disposition of excessed electronic circuitry and reclamation of the precious and other metals contained within.


The limited regenerative capacity of cartilage, tendon and aged bone underlies the chronic nature of many age-related degenerative diseases of skeletal tissues. Bone maintains a regenerative capacity through the activation, proliferation and differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); however, this activity declines with age [1]. On the other end of the spectrum, cartilage shows almost no postnatal regenerative capacity. The rising incidence of age-related degenerative diseases in these tissues, including osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc disease and osteoporosis, has led to an increased emphasis on strategies for repair employing exogenous cell-based formulations. Current challenges include the need for protocols for generating cells of the connective tissues in a reproducible and scalable manner with a high level of purity and site-specific identity. The use of MSCs to supply these needs has been the focus of extensive study to date [2,3]; however, despite reports of the transgermal plasticity of MSCs [4–6], rigorous clonal data demonstrating differentiation beyond hypertrophic chondro cytes, osteoblasts, adipocytes, fibroblasts and reticular cells are largely lacking [7]. In addition, MSCs also typically differentiate into transient hypertrophic chondrocytes as opposed to permanent definitive chondrocytes when differentiated using Seven diverse human embryonic stem cell-derived chondrogenic clonal embryonic progenitor cell lines display site-specific cell fates


The central part of the Portal de Quart, one of two surviving gates of the Mediaeval city walls of Valencia, includes a skew ribbed vault, placed over the central tribune, that eschews, for the first time in Hispanic Gothic, the usual solutions based on ribs and severies, using instead only whole ashlars. Such choice poses a number of new geometric problems connected with the design and execution of the vault, which are closer to Renaissance stereotomy than Gothic stonecutting. All this makes the vault a member of outstanding importance for Iberian Construction History. In our paper we present a precise photogrammetrical survey of this vault and, building on it, a study of its geometrical form and construction.


In response to the special issue on democratizing creative educational experiences (CEE), we conducted a thematic analysis of recent scholarship on creativity and decolonization (2010–2021) and analyzed recurring tensions across literature grounded in Indigenous, Black, feminist, and non-western epistemological perspectives on creativity. We found themes that are not new but are yet to be taken up consistently and credibly in western creativity and education research and practice. For instance, spirituality emerges as a valuable ingredient for creativity, body as inseparable from the mind, dialectic resistance and resilience as acts of creative existence, and non-human agency as essential to the creative process. Informed by these themes, we share implications for research and practice, seeking new spaces inclusive of historically ignored onto-epistemologies.


The Internet of Things presents numerous challenges to achieve the vision of interconnecting "all" things, with the need for extreme miniaturization of computing devices that are energy efficient, human-to-computer interfaces that are natural, and processing of layers of intelligence while ensuring data security and privacy. This paper will describe "rebooting computing", an approach to rethinking the computer to address technical challenges of IoT and other key computing trends.


Central sleep apnea (CSA) is characterized by intermittent periods of apnea (no breathing) and hyperventilation (over breathing) with associated fluctuations in blood oxygen saturation. CSA is universal at high altitude (>3000m), increasing in severity with ascent and/or time spent at high altitude. Although there is a large degree of variability in CSA severity, factors that increase susceptibility to CSA at altitude include: (a) hypoxia, (b) hypoxic ventilatory response‐mediated hypocapnia and (c) increases in chemoreflex responsiveness via ventilatory acclimatization. Whether CSA is adaptive or maladaptive at altitude is unknown. Notwithstanding the brief periods of desaturation associated with apnea, the subsequent relative intermittent hyperventilation may increase oxygen reserves during sleep, protecting overall mean saturation. We hypothesized that CSA protects mean sleeping oxygen saturation during acclimatization to high altitude. In two groups of Diamox‐free native lowlanders, we characterized the effects of increasing CSA severity on night‐time sleeping oxygen saturation during two separate high altitude ascent profiles: (I) incremental ascent to 5160m over 10 days/nights in the Nepal Himalaya (n=21) and (II) rapid ascent to and residing at 3800m over 10 days/nights in the Sierra Nevada mountains, CA, USA (n=21). Using portable polysomnographs and scoring software (ResMed ApneaLink; AASM criteria), we assessed apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), and baseline, mean and nadir oxygen saturation (SpO2) during sleep at each altitude. During sleep across both ascent profiles, AHI and ODI increased in severity, and baseline, mean and nadir SpO2 decreased significantly, suggesting both altitude‐ and sleep apnea‐associated hypoxia. During incremental ascent to 5160m over 10 days/nights (Part I), AHI and ODI increased from 3.9±4.1 and 9.8±7.8 (1045m) to 37.5±32.8 and 54.4±24.8 events/hour, respectively (P<0.001). In addition, baseline, mean and nadir SpO2 decreased from 96.0±2.0, 94.3±1.6 and 87.1±3.7% (1045m) to 78.9±3.6, 73.5±4.2 and 63.7±6.6%, respectively (P<0.0001). After 10 days/nights following rapid ascent to 3800m (Part II), AHI and ODI increased from 3.4±3.5 and 6.8±5.3 (1045m) to 23.2±21.2 and 38.0±24.4 events/hour, respectively (P<0.001). In addition, baseline, mean and nadir SpO2 decreased from 95.3±1.9, 93.7±2.1 and 86.0±5.1% (1045m) to 85.6±1.8, 84.0±2.4 and 74.1±6.2%, respectively (P<0.0001). There were no significant correlations between AHI nor ODI and mean nor nadir SpO2 during sleep at 5160m (night 9/10; Part I; r>−0.35, P>0.2) and 3800m (night 9/10; Part II; r>−0.45, P>0.05). We conclude that the severity of CSA following acclimatization to high altitude does not play a role in improving oxygen saturation. However, the relative hyperventilation between apneas likely protects against the apnea‐mediated oxygen desaturations during sleep at altitude.


Abstract Background Ibalizumab (IBA) is a long-acting humanized monoclonal antibody that binds domain 2 of the CD4 receptor and blocks HIV-1 infection of host cells. TMB-301 was a 24-week, Phase 3 clinical trial conducted in 40 heavily treatment-experienced patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) HIV-1 investigating the safety, efficacy and tolerability of IBA. Patients received a 2,000 mg IBA loading dose followed by 800 mg every 2 weeks by intravenous infusion plus an optimized background regimen. Viral load <50 and <200 HIV RNA copies/mL was achieved in 43% and 50% of patients, respectively, at Week 25. We determined the pharmacokinetic profile of IBA, i.e., serum concentrations, CD4 receptor occupancy (RO), and CD4 receptor density (RD), in these patients with MDR HIV-1. Methods Pre- and post-dose blood samples collected at various time points during trial were used to determine IBA serum concentrations, CD4 RO and RD at trough. IBA serum concentrations were measured using a validated ELISA. IBA bound to CD4+ T cells (RO) and cell surface CD4 levels (RD) were measured simultaneously by flow cytometry using the Molecules of Equivalent Soluble Fluorescence approach. Results The maximum IBA serum concentrations were observed immediately after the end of the 2,000 mg infusion with mean (SD) of 567 (235) μg/mL. Steady state was reached at Week 4 after the loading dose. The mean IBA concentrations were >30 μg/mL throughout the dosing period. Both Cpeak and Ctrough (Day 7 and Week 25 IBA concentrations) were decreased with increased body weight. The median Ctrough in the high body weight group (≥85 kg) was 0.23 μg/mL. The mean RO was >85% throughout the dosing period. The 2,000 mg loading dose helped to reach >85% RO after the initial dose and maintain high levels of RO throughout the dosing period. Elevation in RO was generally associated with increased IBA serum concentrations; concentrations ≥0.13 μg/mL supported ≥85% CD4 RO. After IBA administration, down-modulation of surface CD4 receptors by up to 20% was observed. There was no apparent association between IBA serum concentration and RD probably due to high inter-individual variation. Conclusion Dosing regimen of 2,000 mg loading dose followed by 800 mg every 2 weeks was sufficient to support high levels of RO and to maintain the drug concentration above the therapeutic level. Disclosures P. N. Kumar, TheraTechnologies: Consultant and Investigator, Consulting fee and Research grant. ViiV: Consultant, Investigator and Shareholder, Research grant and Speaker honorarium. Merck: Investigator and Shareholder, Research grant. Gilead: Consultant, Investigator and Shareholder, Consulting fee and Research grant. S. Weinheimer, TaiMed Biologics: Employee, Salary. Z. Cohen, Theratechnologies Inc.: Employee, Salary. C. Marsolais, Theratechnologies Inc.: Employee, Salary. K. L. Kuo, TaiMed Biologics Taiwan: Employee, Salary. S. Lewis, TaiMed Biologics: Employee, Salary.


The aim of this study was to observe on the correlation between students' reading habit and their reading comprehension of eleventh grade at SMA Negeri 1 Madang Suku 3 OKU Timur. In this quantitative study with correlational study, the writer used questionnaire and test to collect the data. The questionnaire measured students' reading habit and test measured students' reading comprehension. Populationof this study was all the eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Madang Suku 3 OKU Timur in academic year 2018/2019 were 124 student and took sample by using purposive sampling were 64 students. Based on the finding, the mean score of questionnaire was 60,89 and mean score of students' reading comprehension was 56,94 which was in moderated category. The writer found that there was significantly correlation between students'reading habit and their reading comprehension the correlation coofficient was 0,555. It meant that alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted and null hypothesis was rejected in other word there was any significant correlation between students' reading habit and their reading comprehendion in medium correlation. As the conclusion,reading habit was not only aspect that influenced strudent reading comprehension that many factor also influenced the reading comprehension: internal factor (intellectual, language skills, psychological, environment, experience) and external factor (facilities, time to learning).To have good reading comprehension the student should know aspects reading comprehension were ability of association, conception ability, perception ability, syntactic ability  - semantic ability  and cognitive understanding.


As one kind of enterprise festival tax behavior,the tax revenue preparation must conform to government's legislation intention.But in present situation,the fact that the government collects tax while the taxpayers run after maximal benefits has made the relationship of them become one kind of game.Therefore,to let the taxpayers have their benefits legally,any tax revenue preparation must be adjusted to the variations of the taxation laws.


Probabilistic volcanic hazard assessment (PVHA) of future magnetic disruption of the Yucca Mountain site was completed as a participating member of the volcanism export judgment panel conducted by Geomatrix Consultants for the Department of Energy. The purpose of this summary is to describe the data assumptions, methods, and results of the elicitation and to contrast this assessment with past volcanism studies conducted for the Yucca Mountain Project.


The application of English business correspondence is very wide in foreign trade,and it is a core course international trade profession.This course should stress on developing students' practical abilities in doing and speaking.But correspondence theory mastered from books and practical application has a gap,so it is necessary to improve teaching methods and models.As a creativity driving teaching approach,Seminar in the correspondence teaching can cultivate students' ability in using English to communicate and solving problems and researching autonomously.


There are many challenges to us as professionals and researchers in the field of Spanish sociolinguistics, whether we are old hands at this or just starting our careers. Of course, there are the usual desiderata of quantitative linguistics common across the scientific disciplines: state a clear hypothesis that can be supported or refuted by data; state methods regarding sampling and data collection, reduction, and analysis such that research can be replicated, and interpret from the results reasonable conclusions, taking into account the social context of the linguistic phenomena being tested as well as what has been said in the past. Not to be overlooked is the importance of employing well-reasoned hypotheses to test, which should be informed by qualitative research, such as ethnographies, statements of language ideologies, and semantic or discourse factors that might influence the use of linguistic variables, particularly those which are morphosyntactic in nature. Another desideratum is to take into account what has been said in the literature in order to build on previous research rather than to re-invent it. Earlier


Four approaches aimed to cope with strict timing constraints as encountered in industrial process control applications are presented. For each node in a distributed system, an asymmetrical two-processor architecture is used that is capable of guaranteeing response times. One processor in each node is dedicated to the kernel of a real-time operating system. Its three reaction levels are constructively described by outlining their functional units and control procedures. It is shown that some problems of real-time computers can be solved by endowing the node computers with process peripherals.<<ETX>>


This paper tries to examine the similarities and the differences of the two Florizel and Perdita`s, the two rival alterations of Shakespeare`s The Winter`s Tale by Macnamara Morgann and David Garrick, within the socio-cultural contexts of "the Garrick`s age" (1741-1776), when the imminent divorce of 'stage' and 'page' did not yet happen, and making adaptations of old plays rather than writing new ones became more suitable to the rival Theatres Royal in London mainly due to "the Stage Licensing Act" of 1737. Morgann`s alteration was a 'pastoral comedy' reduced into two acts, celebrating the love and marriage of Florizel and Perdita. The most important obstacle to their marriage was the barrier of class. The conflict was resolved by unfolding the mystery of Perdita`s birth, and the heir to the throne was lawfully and safely confirmed. Garrick`s alteration was a 'dramatic pastoral`` transformed into three acts and could be arguably regarded as an adaptation closer to Shakespeare`s original compared with Morgann`s. However, Garrick`s alteration was mainly focused on Leontes` repentance and his family reunion and reconciliation. While his patriarchal wishes were fulfilled, the complex female characters were either silenced or marginalized, and their sentimental domesticity was emphasized. The two alterations by Morgann and Garrick remind us of the 'multi-vocal' potential of Shakespeare`s original and also of the fundamentally fluid and dynamic nature of drama and theater.


This is a guide to help Street Lit fans find the books they want to read This page highlights several different ways to find Street Lit titles in FSCJ's collection


It is a challenge to convert the existing conventional DSPs' assembly code to that of VLIW DSPs'. We propose a new code migration method, which performs semantically equivalent code conversion. Key issues such as semantics of the conventional DSP code, specialized addressing modes and different data types are discussed.


The COVID-19 pandemic has not only brought the global health crisis but it also triggered the distressing effects on the social and economic life of the people. This pandemic has affected all segments of the population but the most vulnerable sections and occupations are suffering a lot. The communication traces the stipulation and misery of the labourers and daily wagers in India during lockdown, which was implemented as a necessary preventive measure to contain the COVID-19 outbreak.


The basic BFGS procedure for the nonlinear finite element analysis is reviewed. Through a simple numerical example, promising characteristics of the method evaluated discussed. Based on the discussion of computational performance, a modified BFGS algorithm with substructuring is derived and proposed for the quasi-static analysis of large-scale nonlinear structures.


Echelle spectroscopy reported in the literature has provided evidence that the element oxygen is heterogeneously distributed within globular clusters. Star-to-star differences in the oxygen abundance have been identified in the clusters M92, M3, and M13 by Pilachowski; Brown, Wallerstein, and Oke; Sneden et al., and Kraft et al., and found to be accompanied by an O-N abundance anticorrelation. Such observations indicate that the material within the atmospheres and envelopes of the N-rich or CN-strong giants in these clusters has been processed through the CNO-bicycle of hydrogen burning. In this paper it is shown that the occurrence of variable amounts of interior O->N processing within metal-poor globular cluster red giants, such as those in M3 and M13, can also reconcile two other of the observed properties of these stars, namely the existence of a CN-C abundance anticorrelation yet substantial [C/Fe] depletions.


Cooling towers water has frequently been known as a source of infection in outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease and a source of indoor air pollution. However, there have been a few reports on the presence of Legionella in cooling towers water and aerosols of various public facilities. This study was carried out to investigate the indoor and outdoor disof Legionella spp and microbe from 132 cooling towers water of public facilities detected L pneumophila in Seoul and Gyeonggi-Do areas. The results showed that the Lpneumophila among the selected 132 cooling towers was detected mostly in July (12.0%), followed by August (4.0%) and June, September no-detected. The L pneumophila in public facilities was detected mostly in department store (27.3%), followed by hospital (8.7%), office building (5.9%), big market (5.0%) and hotel, subway no-detected. The pH values of cooling towers water with presence of L pneumophila showed mostly 8.0 or higher (9.5%), followed by 7.0~8.0 (6.8%), lower 7.0 no-detected. The temperature of cooling towers water with presence of L pnemophila showed mostly 30"C or higher (9.8%), followed by 26-3O"C (6.9%), lower 25°C no-detected. The turbidity of cooling towers water with presence of L pneumophila showed mostly 1-2 NTU (8.8%), followed by above 2 NTU (5.9%), lower I NTU no-detected. The correlation coefficient between indoor and outdoor concentration of microbes in public facilities showed 0.67 in Legionella spp. (p>O.05), 0.93 in bacteria (p<0.01), 0.94 in fungus (p


AbstractA large volume of images is collected during postdisaster building reconnaissance. For both older and new buildings, the structural drawings are an essential record of the structural inform...


The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ethanol and morphine on nociceptive behavioral responses evoked by the injection of formalin into the temporomandibular joint region of rats (the TMJ formalin test). In experiment 1, animals were given an ethanol solution (6.5%) or tap water to drink for 4 and 10 days, before the procedure for TMJ pain. In the group treated for 4 days, significant analgesia was observed in the TMJ formalin test, whereas the group treated for 10 days did not show this effect, revealing the development of tolerance to ethanol antinociceptive effects. In experiment 2, animals were submitted to chronic regimen of ethanol (6.5% for 10 days) and the control group was given tap water to drink. After this period, morphine (10 mg/kg i.p.) was administrated 30 minutes before the TMJ formalin test. Morphine had the same analgesic effect in both groups, showing that the treatment with ethanol was not able to alter the analgesic potency of morphine. The results showed that ethanol can affect nociceptive behavioral responses related to pain from deep tissues, like the TMJ, and the absence of interaction between ethanol and morphine suggest that ethanol-induced analgesia was mediated by nonopiate mechanisms.


The article presents thorough information about the results of the research in the irrigated meadowgrey soils of the area where the grain was planted in the Salyan plain. The research shows that strong differences between the subsoil waters mineralization and change of their location levels were not observed in the experimental area in 2015–2018. However, in 2015 the location levels of subsoil waters changed by 2.40–2.55 m, their mineralization was – 1.244 – 2.577 q/l. These indicators changed to 2.40–2.60 m and 1.210–2.430 d/l in 2016; 2.50–2.55 m and 1.030–2.320 g/l in 2017; 2.45–2.55 m and 1.183 – 2.159 g/l in 2018. During the research the author studied the waters of Akusha canal, water-collector and drains which are used with the purpose of irrigation. It has been determined that their mineralization was 0.81 g/l, 6.663 g/l and 4.834–5.242 g/l in 2015. These indicators changed as follows: 0.675 g/l; 6.003 g/l and 4.651–4.823 g/l in 2016; 0.612 g/l; 5.872 g/l and 4.731–4.602 g/l in 2017 and 0.578 g/l; 5.752 g/l and 4.651–4.513 g/l in 2018. The agromeliorative measures have been offered for the purpose of subsoil waters decrease and their mineralization increase in the same zone taking into account all the indicators.


Despite the global trade imbalance narrowed during the current economic recession, the improvement is not evenly distributed across different regions. While many economists blame the US trade deficit to the undervaluation of currencies in emerging Asia in general, and to the undervalued Chinese RMB in particular, no consensus has been reached as yet. Since a unilateral revaluation of the RMB has failed to reduce the trade deficit in the US, some commentators have recommended a joint appreciation of currencies in the emerging Asia as an instrument to restore trade balance between the US and Asia. Based on several simulation exercises on a multi-country macro-econometric model (the Fair model), this paper examines the likely consequence of the joint appreciation of the emerging Asian currencies on the trade deficit in the US. According to the results of simulations, neither a drastic unilateral appreciation of the RMB, nor a joint appreciation of currencies in emerging Asia, would reduce the trade deficit in US significantly.


Turbulent flows and related heat transfer in a convex channel of a calorimetric rocket chamber are investigated by the nonlinear k–ϵ–fμ model of Park et al. [6] and large-eddy simulation (LES). In order to analyze the geometric effects on heat transfer, several radii of surface curvature 0.067 ≤ D/R ≤ 0.4 and nozzle-to-surface distances 0.5 ≤ H/D ≤ 1.5 are selected for five Reynolds numbers (5,000 ≤ ReD ≤ 75,000). Comparing with the LES results for an impinging jet flow along the convex surface, the nonlinear k–ϵ–fμ model shows some discrepancies. However, the model performance is sufficient to utilize for the investigation of parametric effects. The LES results showed the detailed description of vortical structures responsible for the production of turbulent kinetic energy. In addition, the characteristics of turbulent heat transfer under various conditions of convex channels are investigated by using the nonlinear k–ϵ–fμ model. Finally, the geometric effects on the local heat transfer and the Reynolds number dependence are scrutinized.


There is no doubt that correct decision-making to investors in economic institutions and optimal allocation of scarce resources is requires transparent, sufficient and comparable financial and non-financial information. So, existence reliable financial information is one of the main tools of economic development of any country and the economic decision-making require information generally resulting from accounting system. This paper has designed based on connection between financial reporting and specific, general and governance characteristics of companies in Iran. The disclosure is measured by a reporting index with 155 financial items. Based on a sample of 96 listed companies, this study states that the FRI is significantly and positively related to company size, industry type, firm age and block-holder ownership but type of auditor and managerial ownership has no affect on financial reporting index (FRI).


The vision of Self-Organizing Networks (SON) has been drawing considerable attention as a major axis for the development of future networks. As an essential functionality in SON, cell outage detection is developed to autonomously detect macrocells or femtocells that are inoperative and unable to provide service. However, due to the two-tier macro femto network architecture and the small coverage nature of femtocells, it is challenging to enable outage detection functionality in femtocell networks. Self-healing functionality in femtocell aims to resolve the loss of coverage or capacity induced by cell outage to the extent possible in the femtocell networks. Existing systems uses local cooperation architecture which seeks solutions with the need for local collaboration among femtocells. Specifically, an outage is detected based on the measurements of surrounding femtocells. Based on these local measurements, a proper set of neighbor femto APs tune their parameters to compensate for the outage. The outage occurs due improper arrangements of femtocell network. Proper placing of the femtocell access points reduces the outage problems. The signal strength, threshold and various parameters are calculated for different configurations and for different modulation technique using a simulation mechanism. The analysis of the same is done .from this analysis proper configuration of the femtocell network is obtained.


Earlier in the works dedicated to the study of the relationship «structure-activity» derivatives 1H-pyrimidine4-one was found expressed anti-infl ammatory activity. Therefore, we continued to search of new NSAID among these compounds. Spectrum of pharmacological properties of 2-venylenesubstituted derivatives of 1H-pyrimidin-4one was carried out using the program PASS (Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances). Further, for the most perspective structures was carried virtual docking on the enzyme COX-2. Detected by the results of prediction compounds-leaders were synthesized for the further pharmacological research. The dependence between the charges on carbon atome of aldehyde groups at the starting aldehydes and the yield was determined.


Process for oligomerization of ethylene into light alpha olefins, primarily butene-1, hexene-1, octene-1 and decene-1, wherein ethylene is contacted with a catalyst obtained by mixing a compound zirconium with an organic compound selected from the class of acetals and ketals and with a chloro or bromo compound of aluminum hydrocarbyl.


We define quantum bi-Hamiltonian systems, by analogy with the classical case, as derivations in operator algebras which are inner derivations with respect to two compatible associative structures. We find such structures by means of the associative version of Nijenhuis tensors. Explicit examples, e.g. for the harmonic oscillator, are given.


Background Overweight and obesity are disorders of energy balance affecting wide range of people belonging to diverse ethnic groups, age and socio-economic status. The present study is an endeavor to study the nutritional status in relation to the cardiovascular status of medical students joining the medical college.


A sphere rolling between a stationary and a spinning plane traces out a spiral path, even under quasistatic conditions. Published theory suggests that radial creep due to pivot produces the spiral path. We show experimentally a component of the sphere's angular velocity not considered in the published analysis, raising questions about pivot in producing the spiral. We give a general expression for the sphere angular velocity vector which accommodates a linear, circular or spiral path, pivot or no pivot, and one or two planes in contact. We show that a sphere can roll in a circle on one or between two plane without pivot, but not between a stationary and a spinning plane. We show that a circumferential component of angular velocity results in a spiral path


A very fast, economical and simple direct spectrophotometric method was investigated for Paracetamol (PC) determination in aqueous medium without using any reagent.The method is based on the photo activation of the analyte at 243 nm after dissolution in water.The change in structure of PC after addition of water was studied by comparing the corresponding FTIR spectra.Optimization studies were conducted by using a 5 μg ml-1 standard solution of the analyte.Various parameters studied include, time for stability and measurement of spectra, effect of HCl, NaOH, CH3COOH and NH3 for change in absorbance and shift in spectra, interference by some analgesic drugs and some polar solvents and temperature effect.After optimization, Beer's law was obeyed in the range of 0.3–20 μg ml-1 PC solution with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999 and detection limit of 0.1 μg ml-1 for 3/1 S/N ratio.The newly developed method was successfully applied for PC determination in some locally available tablets and urinary samples.The proposed method is very useful for quick analysis of various types of solid and liquid samples containing PC. Another spectrophotometric work describes a simple, sensitive, rapid and economical analytical procedure for direct spectrophotometric evaluation of Diclofenac Sodium (DS) using aqueous medium without using a chemical reagent.Parameters like time, temperature, acidic and basic conditions and interference by analgesic drugs was studied for a 5μg ml-1 solution of DS at 276 nm. Under optimized parameters, a linear working range of 0.1–30 mg ml-1 with regression coefficient of 0.9998 and lower detection limit of 0.01 mg ml-1 was obtained.The method was applied for DS contents in tablets, serum and urine samples.
A new method was developed for the determination of paracetamol by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) at carbon film electrode (CFE).The experimental parameters, such as pH of Britton-Robinson buffer and potentials for regeneration of electrode surface were optimized. Under optimized conditions in Britton-Robinson buffer pH 4.0 a linear calibration curve was obtained in the range 0.02–100 μmol L-1.The limit of determination was 0.034 μmol L-1 which showed high sensitivity of developed method.The method was applied for the quantitative determination of Paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations as well as urine samples. A rapid, reliable and economical analytical procedure for the estimation of ibuprofen in pharmaceutical formulations and human urine samples was developed using transmission Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy.For the determination of ibuprofen, a KBr window with 500 μm spacer was used to acquire the FT-IR spectra of standards, pharmaceuticals as well as urine samples.The Partial Least Squares (PLS) calibration model was developed based on carbonyl region (C=O) from 1807-1461 cm−1 in the range from 10- 1000 ppm.The developed model was checked by cross-validation steps to diminish standard error of the models, such as root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP).The good coefficient of determination (R2) was achieved 0.999 with minimum standard errors RMSEC, RMSECV and RMSEP 1.89, 1.956 and 1.38, respectively. The other method was based on indirect determination of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) utilizing differential pulse voltammetry at carbon film electrode as working electrode.The theory of indirect determination of ASA is based on the hydrolysis of aspirin in salicylic acid (SA) for detection. Moreover, we optimized conditions such as pH of Britton-Robinson buffer, potentials for regeneration and activation of electrode surface, amplitude and scan rate. Under optimized conditions in Britton-Robinson buffer pH 2.0 a linear calibration curve was obtained in the range 0.2 – 100 μmol L-1.The limit of determination was 0.15 μmol L-1 which showed high sensitivity of developed method.The method for indirect determination of ASA was thus developed for the quantification of pharmaceutical formulations as well in human urine model samples.


Assessment of genotoxicity (using the micronucleus assay for demonstration of chromosome aberrations and the frequency of double nuclei in cells) and cytotoxicity (here changes in quantitative characteristics of nucleoli were measured as a parameter of cell metabolism) for different organic and inorganic toxic substances was conducted with three organisms, namely, Allium cepa, Lactuca sativa, and Hydra attenuata. Comparative analyses and discussion of data along with results obtained on toxicity and mutagenicity were also performed. Besides correlation between some results, discrepancies were observed as well. For instance, the organic compound lindane had a weak toxicity, but the highest indices of genotoxicity, whereas the very toxic mercury was one of the least in terms of genotoxicity. The noted difference in values of toxicity, mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity indicates the importance of using an integrated approach to toxicity testing which combines several methods to obtain a more objective and realistic estimation of a chemical toxicity. With this purpose, the trio of methods including the Muta‐ChromoPlate test as a modified version of the standard Ames Fluctuation assay, the micronucleus assay, and the nucleolar biomarker are thus proposed for the routine monitoring of chemical toxicity. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Environ Toxicol 15: 338–344, 2000


Carbon dioxide emissions from countries have led to an unstoppable rise in global temperatures. China put forward the goal of "Carbon peaking and Carbon neutrality" to achieve carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. Under the goal, the development of new energy industry is very important to the reconstruction of energy structure and the transformation and upgrading of economic industry. Fiscal subsidies and tax incentives, as two important tools for the government to regulate the macro economy, can help the new energy industry to break down development barriers. Using the multivariate regression model to 2010-2019, 174 companies listed on the new concept of energy sector of the test data, studies the internal relationship between the fiscal and taxation policies and business performance, and on the analysis of the clarity of the current in the process of new energy industry status quo and existing problems of the fiscal and taxation policy. The following conclusions are drawn: fiscal subsidies in the new energy industry are negatively correlated with enterprise performance, while tax incentives are positively correlated with enterprise performance. This shows that under the background of "Carbon peaking and Carbon neutrality" goal, in-depth research on the incentive effect of fiscal and tax policies implemented by the government on the new energy industry is conducive to realizing the reshaping of the energy structure and the transformation and upgrading of the economic industry.


Thank you very much for downloading interactions in molecules electronic and steric effects. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen books like this interactions in molecules electronic and steric effects, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious bugs inside their desktop computer.


We propose a framework for automated classification of Advertisement Images, using not just Visual features but also Textual cues extracted from embedded text. Our approach takes inspiration from the assumption that Ad images contain meaningful textual content, that can provide discriminative semantic interpretetion, and can thus aid in classifcation tasks. To this end, we develop a framework using off-the-shelf components, and demonstrate the effectiveness of Textual cues in semantic Classfication tasks.


The text contains information related to the establishment and organisation of the State Institute of Special Pedagogy (1922) in Warsaw, transformed into the Higher School of Special Pedagogy (1976) and the Academy of Special Pedagogy (2000).


Development work of the same sort that optimized EHV-line design promises to reduce the size of HV-line construction. A research program has found that difficulties in engineering compact line designs can be overcome, with no major cost penalty. Five compact line configurations, both shielded and unshielded, were studied. Researchers evaluated them on such factors as insulation requirements, conductor motion, and maintenance procedures. Line compaction results in higher voltage gradients, so hardware must be manufactured to the same corona standards as for EHV construction. Further research will investigate suspending a transmission circuit with insulated spacers, like a conductor bundle.


We discuss the significance of teaching and learning as a goal in the writing of Saussure's Course in General Linguistics. First, by analyzing textbooks that Bally and Sechehaye published based on their own teaching before they started working on the CGL, we determine criteria defining university textbooks as a genre. Then, we examine the making of the CGL into a textbook (manuelisation) as an outcome of content adaptation for teaching and learning (transposition didactique). Finally, we illustrate these processes through the study of two notions: "appendix" (appendice) and "natural place" (place naturelle)


PURPOSE
To report the role of Ultrasound Biomicroscopy (UBM) as a tool in the diagnosis and management of cyclodialysis clefts.

METHODS
Six eyes of 6 patients with hypotony and suspected or diagnosed cyclodialysis clefts underwent UBM evaluation. Post-treatment UBM was performed in four eyes to assess the effect of the treatment.

RESULTS
Cyclodialysis clefts were accurately diagnosed and delineated in 6 eyes by UBM. Complete closure was documented after treatment in 3 eyes, and a residual cleft in one eye. These findings were compared to gonioscopic findings.

CONCLUSIONS
UBM is a safe, accurate and noninvasive diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of cyclodialysis clefts and is of particular use when other conventional methods of diagnosis are inconclusive.


The present invention is to recover a wireless link between base stations in a wireless communications system which supports communications between the base stations based on the wireless link. A method for operating a base station includes the steps of: transmitting, when the wireless link to the other-party base station is blocked, a report on the blockage of the wireless link to a management server; receiving information on at least one candidate base station for a detour route from the management server; determining the detour route to the other-party base station on the basis of the at least one candidate base station; and performing communications with the other-party base station via the detour route.


PURPOSE: A suspension of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgetic agent of a sparingly water-soluble acidic drug is provided to be safe for a long period and to be highly dissolvable. CONSTITUTION: A suspension of a sparingly water-soluble acidic drug especially, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgetic agent, which is stable for a prolonged period of time and is highly dissolvable; and a process for simply and easily producing the suspension. This suspension has a pH value of 2 to 5 and comprises a sparingly water-soluble acidic drug whose average particle size ranges from 1 to 15 micrometers, a polyglycerol fatty acid ester, a water-soluble polyhydric alcohol and water, optionally, together with an inorganic powder having an average particle size of 1 to 15 micrometers This process is characterized by carrying out pulverization and dispersion of sparingly water-soluble acid drug, a polyglycerol fatty acid ester, a water-soluble polyhydricalcohol and water by means of a pulverizer comprising a main shaft adapted to rotate in a casing and a plurality of layshafts adapted to revolve in relationship interlocked with the rotation of the main shaft, each of the layshafts being fitted with a multiplicity of annular grinding media.


Laser imaging of 3D targets in highly scattering environments has traditionally been done using narrow 1-2ns optical pulses in conjunction with a range-gated detector. While this approach offers range resolution determined by the width of the optical pulse and is very effective in eliminating the effects of backscatter from the turbid environment, it lacks resistance to the effects of forward scatter. The Modulated Pulse Lidar is an alternative approach developed by researchers at NAVAIR that uses longer pulses that are intensity modulated with RF coded waveforms. Radar pulse compression techniques involving the use of RF coded waveforms with large bandwidths provide range resolution that meets or exceeds that of the short pulse approach, while matched-filtering techniques are employed to suppress backscatter. More importantly, the modulated pulse approach provides resistance to forward scatter effects that the short pulse approach does not. This work focuses on the comparison of imagery generated employing both pulse schemes in the same line-scan underwater 3D imaging system over a range of water turbidities. Experimental imagery and temporal data will be presented that shows that the modulated pulse approach does in fact offer an advantage over the short pulse approach due to its resistance to forward scatter effects.


Last week I wrote up "Some Thoughts on Academic Publishing" after reading "Who's downloading pirated papers? Everyone" from Science | AAAS which made some heavy


Writing for the Supreme Court of twenty years ago in Northern Pacfc Railway v. United States,I Justice Black praised "per se" rules as sources of economy and predictability in the administration of section 1 of the Sherman Act.' He characterized economic inquiry in antitrust cases as "often wholly fruitless," while stating that rules of per se illegality not only avoid most of this "incredibly complicated and prolonged" analysis, but also provide more certainty to those concerned.3 Later, Justice Marshall expressed the Court's reluctance to "ramble through the wilds of economic theory" in United States v. Topco Associates, Inc. ,4 noting that "courts are of limited utility in examining difficult economic problems."5 In laying down a per se rule, the majority stated that the judiciary's "inability to weigh. . . destruction of compe-


Solid state laser applications using crystals doped with Nd have been quite successful and/or very promising (e.g., Nd:YAG). What these crystals lack is the ability to dissipate thermal energy, with thermal conductivities on the order of 5-15 W/m-K, which limits their high power operation. By changing the matrix to a wide bandgap semiconductor such as GaN (or AlGaN), with a thermal conductivity of 100-300 W/m-K, the improvement in heat extraction could allow for major gains in solid state laser technology. It has been shown previously that rare-earth (RE) dopants such as Er, Pr, Tm, and Eu are well-suited to III-nitride semiconductors [1-4]. Although there have been difficulties in preserving optical quality while achieving adequate concentrations, light emission from RE-doped GaN has been demonstrated by photoluminescence (PL), electroluminescence (EL), and cathodoluminescence (CL). Two techniques exist for the introduction of RE-dopants into the semiconductor matrix: ion implantation and in situ doping during growth. Ion implantation imparts damage to the matrix that can not be removed by annealing, and it creates a doping profile due to the depth limitations for implanting RE species. Kim and Holloway report the EL properties of GaN doped with Nd by in situ reactive sputtering.


This paper proposes a maximum torque per ampere control strategy for direct-torque-controlled interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drives. The proposed method is based on the solutions of a quartic equation, a motor model in the d-q rotating frame often used for the synchronous motor controllers, and a well-known equation for maximum torque per ampere control. Therefore, the proposed method does not use a lookup table that depends on parameters of the motor and that has to be created in advance. In addition, the proposed method can use the estimated parameters. Particularly, the variations of the d- and q-axes inductances can be estimated when the inductances are modeled as the functions of the d- and q-axes current. The simulation results validate that the proposed method can achieve the maximum torque per ampere control. In addition, the simulation and experimental results verify the accuracy improvement of the maximum torque per ampere control with the iterated calculation.


Objective To study the distribution of serotype and virulence detection for diarrheogenilc Escherichia coli in foods in Foshan City. Methods Seventeen strains of diarrheogenil E.coli were isolated from 362 samples in ten kinds of foods,serological assay was processed by GB4789.6-94.The ELISA method was used to detect heat-stable toxin(ST) and heat-labile(LT) detection;mice pathogenicity test was used in virulence detection;irp2 and irpB gene fragments were used as DNA probes. Results The distribution of serotype was mainly in eleven type of three kinds of germs,positive rate of EPEC;EIEC were 41.18%(7/17);35.29%(6/17);23.5%(4/17),seventeen strains of diarrheogenil E coli were found in seven of ten kinds of foods,mice pathogenicity tests were positive;ST and LT were negative.one of four strains ESICE carried Yersinia HPI. Conclusion The mice pathogericity,ST and LT tests had no relationship.It was common in Foshan that diarrheogenic E coli contaminated foods and ESIEC carrying Yersinia HPI was also found in foods.


. The MOST Propagation Database consists of approximately 1000 file triplets, repre-senting time series for wave height, meridional currents, and zonal currents in a modeled tsunami caused by each of 804 unit earthquakes (tsunami sources) in the Pacific and 194 in the Atlantic Ocean. The data represents a 24-hour-long evolution of a tsunami with 1-minute time resolution and 16 angular minute space resolution in both directions. These data comprise three 646 × 516 × 1441 blocks of individual floating-point values for each Pacific source file (the space grid size is different for the Atlantic). The size of each of those data blocks is 1832 Mbyte, while the whole database (tsunami data and accompanying information) for the Pacific region only is 4.2 TB (tera = 10 12 = 2 40 ). This volume of data presents problems with access, storage, and distribution, and hence employing some compression technique to reduce its size is desirable. Donald Denbo reduced the database size to about one half by rearranging data in time series of variable length. In his compression scheme the only data retained are from the moment the data values became greater than some threshold value and these data files are then supple-mented by 2D arrays of starting indexes, ending indexes, and starting times (Venturato et al. , 2005). To reduce data volume further, individual time series have been quantized and compressed using Differential Pulse Code Modulation. Currently, data are kept with precision 0.001 cm for water height and 0.0001 cm/sec for velocities. The total size of the entire Pacific database has been reduced to 266 GB, or 6% of its original size, while no visible changes have occurred in either the database time series or in results of MOST calculations that utilize the quantized time series as input. The compression algorithm used is described in the present paper in the following sections:


In several human pathologies (e.g. cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, AIDS and leprosy) oxidative stress induces T cell hyporesponsiveness. Hyporesponsive T cells often appear to display impaired expression of some (e.g. TCR‐ζ, p56lck and LAT) but not all (e.g. TCR‐αβ and CD3‐ϵ) crucial TCR‐proximal signaling molecules but the underlying mechanisms have as yet not been identified. Using an in vitro system for oxidative‐stress‐induced T cell hyporesponsiveness we here report two sequential effects of oxidative stress on TCR signaling molecules: protein alterations and proteasomal degradation. We have identified the C‐terminal part of TCR‐ζ and the membrane‐proximal domain of p56lck as potential targets for modifications induced by reactive oxygen species. Oxidative‐stress‐exposed proteins were differentially susceptible to proteasomal degradation: whereas modified TCR‐ζ was relatively resistant, reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐altered LAT and p56lck were much more susceptible. Importantly, we found that T cell hyporesponsiveness best correlated with ROS‐dependent protein alteration since inhibition of proteasomal degradation did not restore function. Finally, our data provide an explanation for the paradox of reduced TCR‐ζ signals combined with unaltered TCR‐αβ and CD3‐ϵexpression levels: the TCR‐ζ chain in hyporesponsive T cells is still expressed but no longer detectable by certain mAb recognizing ROS‐sensitive epitopes.


Based on the analysis of influential factors of output power in photovoltaic systems,the training samples are generated according to the similar day principle. The chaos search theory and adaptive mutation theory are introduced to improve the particle swarm optimization algorithm,then the prediction model based on chaos search and AMPSO-BP neural network is proposed. The model can preferably overcome the randomness of BP network initialization,and improve the generalization ability,convergence speed and prediction accuracy. Different models are trained and verified with the data of photovoltaic power station and meteorological observation station. Results show that the optimization model has higher prediction accuracy,and the optimization results of adaptive mutation particle swarm optimization based on chaos search is better than that of simple particle swarm optimization.


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Commercial motor vehicle (CMV) drivers often experience difficulties in turning and crossing at ramp terminals. CMV-involved crashes could cause queue spillback at ramp terminals and possibly nearby freeway mainline and crossroads. The safety and mobility of ramp terminals for accommodating CMVs is thus of significant importance. However, interchange ramp terminals have rarely been investigated in previous safety studies, especially with regard to CMV-involved crashes. This study aimed at examining CMV-related crashes that occurred at ramp terminals. Heterogeneous negative binomial (HTNB) and traditional negative binomial (NB) models were fitted and compared while developing a safety performance function (SPF) for predicting CMV crashes and identifying high-risk ramp terminals. Information on crash history and site-specific characteristics was collected at 285 ramp terminals in the state of Kentucky between 2015 and 2019. The results showed that the HTNB model outperformed the NB model in relation to various goodness-of-fit measures (e.g., likelihood ratio test "LRT", Akaike information criterion "AIC" and McFadden Pseudo R-squared statistic). The predicted crash frequencies while applying the HTNB model were then used to identify and rank high-risk ramp terminals. Ramp terminals with signalized traffic control type, with greater average daily traffic on the exit ramp, with two or more traffic lanes on the exit ramp, and adjacent to commercial or industrial areas were found to experience more CMV crashes. Several safety countermeasures were proposed to alleviate CMV-involved crashes at ramp terminals. One example is ensuring the presence of physical medians on crossroads (or major roads) ahead of exits ramps.


The extensive advent of optical communication networks requires new generations of large integrated optical switch matrices able to route information and data streams. We report a novel low cost bistable coupled-waveguide switch based on voltage controlled reorientation of a surface stabilised ferroelectric liquid crystal.