Young adults with autism have a difficult time following high school for almost any outcome you choose - working, continuing school, living independently, socializing and participating in the community, and staying healthy and safe. To complicate matters, many of these youth begin their journey into adulthood by stepping off a services cliff. Access to needed supports and services drops off dramatically after high school - with too many having no help at all.


An ideal I of a ring R is square stable if aR + bR = R with a ∈ I, b ∈ R implies that a + by ∈ R is invertible for a y ∈ R. We prove that an exchange ideal I of a ring R is square stable if and only if for any a ∈ I, a ∈ J(R) implies that a ∈ J(R) if and only if every regular element in I is strongly regular. This extends main characterization of exchange rings of square stable range one. Further, we prove that a regular ideal I of a ring R is square stable if and only if eRe is strongly regular for all idempotents e ∈ I if and only if aR + bR = R with a ∈ 1+I, b ∈ R implies that a + by ∈ U(R) for a y ∈ R. As a consequence, we prove that every square stable regular ideal is strongly separative.


When running in idle condition, the vehicle has no speeds and road excitation, and the engine vertical self-vibration is the main excitation source. In this paper, a five-degree-of-freedom half-vehicle suspension model with double-delay feedback control is proposed to improve the vibration performance in idle condition. First, according to the system amplitude–frequency characteristic, the multiobjective function combining the vehicle body acceleration and pitching angular acceleration is established. Then, utilizing particle swarm optimization in optimizing and analyzing, the optimal feedback gains and time delays of the suspension system are obtained. Subsequently, a new frequency scanning method is utilized to analyze the stability of the controlled suspension system with the optimal feedback parameters. Finally, numerical simulations in the Matlab/Simulink environment are conducted to validate the performance of time-delay reducing vibration control on different engine feedback condition. Simulation results indicate that the active suspension with time-delay feedback control based on engine acceleration has better reducing vibration performance, and the root mean square of vehicle body and pitching angular acceleration are, respectively, reduced 87.37 and 80.01% than that without time delay. The research on vehicle suspension system with time-delay feedback control can improve the vibration performance effectively compared to the conventional one.


ABSTRACT. The article examines the nature of the precautionary principle, with reference to the international legal debates and to the European national legislation, as well as the European Union legislation. It is emphasized the evolution and formation of the precaution in the international law in connection with the environment and health, where it remained only at the declarative level, while in Europe, in the first member states of the European Union, such as France, Germany, Italy and Spain, as well as in the newly member, Romania, the precautionary principle is generally accepted and, in particular, is relevant for the human and environmental protection, for the health of animals and plants, but especially for the food security.Keywords: environmental protection, precautionary principle, comparative legislation1. IntroductionThe precautionary principle, strongly connected to the principle of anticipation, prevention and risk correction, and to their assessment, constitutes as a rule of conduct in the field of environmental protection, taking into account the probability and seriousness of an ecological damage of which occurrence is not certain, before adopting any decision.If the prevention principle stipulates the obligation to intervene before the occurrence of the prejudice, but the prejudice is certain and the causality relationship between the action that must be prevented or the omission, the passivity that must be ended is obvious, in the case of the precautionary principle it is about anticipation; the prejudices has not occurred yet, and the contingency of its occurrence is not incontestably proved or provable. The risk is uncertain; its occurrence is only possible, potentially plausible. It is about an anticipated preventive action under the context of the risk uncertainty, difficult to define, but that is nevertheless an application in the positive law.In a strictly legal context, the precautionary principle involves the fact that a potential risk or one that has not been defined yet without a scientific proof on its occurrence should not be considered as a reason of not putting into practice a prevention system for such a risk. Thus, the precaution has an anticipative characteristic, with openness to the future.Considering the fact that the precautionary principle is mentioned in many international agreements, especially in the conventions ensuring the legal classification of the activities susceptible to be potentially risky for the environment, and considering the fact that the biotechnology can have not only positive aspects, but can also affect the environment - especially the biodiversity, the human, animal and vegetal health, the application of the precautionary principle appears as indispensable and justified.2. The precautionary principle in the international contextThe majority of the authors consider that the precautionary principle in governing the public politics was born in Germany approximately 40 years ago, with exclusive reference to the environmental issues, representing an engagement of vigilance from the public authorities, even when no danger is clearly identified yet.1 The Federal Republic of Germany, taking the initiative of preparing an international legislation on the North Sea protection will contribute to the distribution of the precautionary principle, especially due to four international conferences dedicated to the protection of this maritime space: the conferences of the ministers in the countries on the side of the North Sea, in Bremen in 1984, in London in 1987, in Hague in 1990 and in Esbjerg in 1995.Logically, the idea of an obligation to precaution that the states impose on themselves entered the international law in 1980s and gained an worldwide dimension on the occasion of the Summit of the Earth in Rio de Janeiro (UNCED - United Nations Conference on Environment and Development), in June 1992, by three important adopted documents. …


A technique has been devised for studying the delignification of wood in sulphite liquor under accurately controlled conditions. The rate of delignification of resin extracted spruce wood-meal has been determined at 130 °C. over the concentration range 0.2 to 1.4% combined, and 2 to 14% total, sulphur dioxide. The reaction shows a systematic deviation from the first order relation that is the same for any composition of liquor. A quantitative relation between the rate of delignification and the concentration of free sulphur dioxide, or better, the partial pressure of sulphur dioxide gas, has been established. The nature and significance of this relation is discussed in connection with the mechanism of the delignification process. It has been shown that the hydrogen ion concentration alone does not determine the rate of cooking, but evidence is presented that indicates that the product of the concentrations of the hydrogen and bisulphite ions is the controlling factor.The yield of pulp for any given lignin...


Fresnel zone plate patterns have been widely applied to mask to wafer alignment because the fresnel beam spots are unaffected by poor edge definition or by rough surfaces arising from variation in processing. This paper describes a video-based alignment using a sector fresnel zone plate (SFZP) which is unique among the zone plates in having an oblique line focus. SFZPs printed on both X-ray mask and wafers are illuminated with collimated He-Ne laser beam. The bright image formed on an oblique line focus shows high contrast better than 11-15dB in signal to background ratio. With SFZPs, position sensing repeatability better than 9 nm (3σ) has been obtained in four processed wafer types.


The article by Kjærsgaad (2015) discusses enhancing motivation by use of prescription stimulants: the ethics of motivation enhancement. The article is very interesting in that it focuses on how enhancing the psychological process of motivation with psychostimulants may raise ethical concerns. The article makes the assumption that stimulants actually enhance motivation and goes on to evaluate the ethical issues that may arise from this assumption. However, the article uses very limited qualitative evidence and it cites opinion articles to support the view that psychostimulants enhance motivation in healthy individuals. The evidence used to support this assumption is limited and needs further support from the cognitive neuroscience literature. In what follows, I describe quantitative evidence from modafinil studies showing that psychostimulants do not actually improve motivation in healthy individuals but they increase the perceived judgment and confidence in performing better psychological tasks, and they increase salience of pleasure, which makes boring tasks look more interesting, even though task performance is not actually improved. Motivation can be defined as a behavior that an organism displays even in the face of barriers or contingencies. Nonetheless, motivation consists of several cognitive and affective components, and stimulant medications influence these processes in a complicated manner. For instance, Volkow and Swanson (2008) argue that stimulants amplify the activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) and modulate salience pleasure, incentive motivation, and reward, making cognitive tasks and everyday activities seem more interesting and rewarding. Drugs of abuse such as amphetamines increase perceived confidence of ability without improving cognitive performance. For example, cocaine leads to the release of large amounts of DA into the reward systems of the brain,


By generalizing the Fujikawa approach, we show in the path integral formalism: (1) how the infinitesimal variation of the fermion measure can be integrated to obtain the full anomalous chiral action; (2) how the action derived in this way can be identified as the Chern–Simons term in five dimensions, if the anomaly is consistent; (3) how the regularization can be carried out, so as to lead to the consistent anomaly and not to the covariant anomaly. We consider a massless left-handed fermion interacting with a non-Abelian gauge field. The gauge field also interacts with a set of Goldstone bosons, so that a gauge-invariant configuration of the gauge field exists. We use Schwinger's "proper time" representation of the Green's function and the guage-invariant point-splitting technique, and find that the consistency requirement and the point-splitting technique allow both an anomalous and a nonanomalous action. In the end, the nature of the vacuum determines whether we have an anomalous theory or a nonanomalous theory.


The Berlin fan-delta gas reservoir in the deep Anardarko basin was deposited during the late Atokan (Pennsylvanian) as a response to the initial uplift and erosion of the Elk City structure. During the late Atokan pulse of the episodic Pennsylvanian orogeny in the south-central US, abrupt epeirogenic uplift and brittle deformation created an interregional unconformity on positive areas around foreland and cratonic basins. The Elk City structure within the deep Anadarko basin originated as a distinct, subaerially exposed upthrust-block during the late Atokan tectonic event. A crestal unconformity developed on the emergent upthrust block concurrent with its uplift. Terrigenous, detrital Atoka dolomite, originally sourced from the Arbuckle dolomite (Cambrian-Ordovician) of the Amarillo-Wichita uplift, was eroded from the upthrust block and recycled northward as the Berlin fan-delta. Today, the Berlin recrystallized, recycled detrital dolomite fan-delta is a large 41 mi/sup 2/ overpressured gas reservoir with 242-362 bcf reserves at 15,000 ft. The Berlin field is genetically related to the late Atokan crestal unconformity of the Elk City structure, and is an example of the association of crestal unconformities and clastic stratigraphic traps. Such stratigraphic traps originated in marine environments proximal to active structures that have become subaerially exposed. With adequate sealsmore » and favorable structural position, detrital deposits recycled from local uplifts can form significant stratigraphic traps. Such stratigraphic traps can occur in compressional, extensional, and diapiric regions.« less


The decay channels and the half-life of the proposed anomalously low-energy nuclear isomer ${}^{229}{\mathrm{Th}}^{m}{(3/2}^{+},3.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0 \mathrm{eV})$ in a dielectric and in metals are discussed. The preferred decay channel in wide energy-gap dielectrics is via nuclear $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ emission in the optical range. The isomer's half-life lies in the range 10 min\char21{}1 h in ${}^{229}{\mathrm{ThO}}_{2}$ for the spectral range ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{N}=4.5\char21{}2.5\mathrm{eV}.$ Nonradiative decay channels dominate in metals. A two-step experimental scheme is developed. The first step is the excitation of the low-energy isomeric level by synchrotron radiation via the 29- and 72-keV levels, and precise measurement of the wave length of the low-energy nuclear transition in ${}^{229}{\mathrm{ThO}}_{2}.$ The second step is the excitation of a large number of the isomeric nuclei ${}^{229}{\mathrm{Th}}^{m}{(3/2}^{+},3.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0 \mathrm{eV})$ from the ground state by laser radiation in thorium dioxide, and investigation of the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ decay of the isomeric level.


The sunscreen industry is achieving remarkable worldwide prominence by responding to the growing need for skin protection with fast-paced innovation. Increased consumer awareness of the harmful effects of sunlight has fueled the demand for improved photo protection. The need for broad-spectrum protection from both UVA and UVB rays has inspired scientists worldwide to research new cosmetic formulations and delivery systems. More effective sunscreen actives, emollients and novel cosmetic and functional ingredients have been regularly added to the formulator's repertoire. Creativity in innovation has been hindered only by regulatory agencies and patent restrictions worldwide. Familiarity with the current restrictive regulations and patent law infringements has become integral to any research effort attempting to provide improved protection to individuals affected by the sun's damaging effects. The increasing incidence of skin cancers and photo damaging effects caused by ultraviolet radiation has increased the use of sun screening agents, which have shown beneficial effects in reducing the symptoms and reoccurrence of these problems. Unlike the situation in Europe where sunscreen ingredients are considered under cosmetics guidelines, the FDA is required to define sunscreens as drugs since they are advertised to prevent sunburn and, more recently, the risk of skin cancer. In the USA, the FDA has been regulating this industry since August 25, 1978, with the publication of the Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking. Sunscreens are considered drugs and cosmetics and therefore must be governed by the FDA-OTC monograph. With the variety of sunscreen agents used in cosmetic and UV protection products, Australia, Canada, and the European Union (EU) have also developed regulatory protocols on safe sunscreen product use. Unlike the USA though, Australia has approved 34 active sunscreen ingredients and the EU has approved 28 of these ingredients. Current FDA regulations allow labeling of sunscreen products to a maximum of 30þ, despite the many products currently available with numbers as high as 100. From a cosmetic formulation point of view, increasing the SPF number in a product is governed by simple chemical principles. Sunscreen and Suntan Preparations ARC Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (AJPS) Page | 9 ▪ Lupin extract was used to block the rays of the sun and is still used to date to lighten the color of the skin. ▪ Calcite powder and clay were used as UV filters similar to the modern-day inorganic particulates zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. ▪ Aquatic lotus oil was used for protection of the skin from the sun. Figure1. Diana, Princess of Wales, Vogue 1981. According to the magazine Longevity, Princess Diana was "scrupulous about using an SPF-8 sunblock." While the American Academy of Dermatology recommends applying at least SPF 30, protection against UV rays can prevent both sunburn and dangerous skin cancers (Source: Picard C. 25 Beauty Secrets to Steal from Princess Diana. Web GoodHousekeeping.com, Mar 7, 2017). 2. INTRODUCTION Protection from sunlight is often equated with use of sunscreens, but this approach is too narrow, and protection should consist of a package of measures: avoiding overexposure to sunlight, using sunscreens, and wearing protective clothing. Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation significantly influences the skin, causing aging, sunburns, precancerous and cancerous lesions, and immunosuppression. UV radiation has an immunosuppressive effect on the antigen-presenting cells within the epidermis and contributes to the likelihood of skin cancer. If solar radiation is a primary risk factor for malignant melanoma, it is reasonable to conclude that reducing sun exposure via topical sunscreen use would be associated with reduced disease risk. Melanoma is more common in Whites than in Blacks and Asians. The incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is dramatically increasing worldwide, despite the increased use of improved sunscreens. In 2014, the Surgeon General estimated that 2.2-5.0 million people were treated annually for NMSC. As the number of newly diagnosed skin cancers continues to rise, there is a need for additional preventative measures beyond sunscreens. UV radiation is the second most prevalent carcinogenic exposure in Canada, fifth in Switzerland and is similarly important in other countries with large Caucasian populations. Within the UK, Wales has among the highest rates of skin cancer annually and skin cancer diagnosis rates have increased 63% in 10 years. Australia and New Zealand having the world's highest skin cancers. People living in Australia and New Zealand are now advised to apply sunscreen every day when the UV index is predicted to reach 3 or above. Denmark has one of the highest incidences of melanoma in the world, although it is a relatively northern country. Implications for public health: Increased use of sunscreen as part of the daily routine to reduce incidental sun exposure will lead to decreased incidence of skin cancer in the future. There are 3 kinds of UV radiation: UVC, UVB, and UVA. The ozone layer ingests 100% of UVC, 90% of UVB, and a negligible measure of UVA. Therefore, exhaustion of the ozone layer expands UV transmission. UVA is related with aging and pigmentation. It enters profound into the skin layer and creates free extreme oxygen species, in a roundabout way damaging DNA. UVA expands the quantity of incendiary cells in the dermis and diminishes the quantity of antigens introducing cells. UVB causes sunburn and DNA strand breaks. It causes pyrimidine dimer changes which are related with non-melanoma skin malignancies. Photoprotection includes both essential and secondary protective variables. Essential variables are sunscreens; these incorporate physical barriers which reflect and dissipate light, and substance barriers which ingest light. Secondary components incorporate cancer prevention agents, osmolytes, and DNA repair enzymes which help to constrain skin harm by exasperating the photochemical cascade that happens by UV sunlight. People with black skin are much less susceptible to sunburn than whiteSunscreen and Suntan Preparations ARC Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (AJPS) Page | 10 skinned individuals. Black people living in the UK were more likely to use sunscreen as a form of sun protection, whereas sunscreen was the least popular modality in the two African countries with shade being the most common form of limiting sun exposure. A significant benefit from regular sunscreen use has not yet been demonstrated for primary prevention of basal cell carcinoma and melanoma. Concerning the prevention of actinic keratoses, squamous cell carcinomas, and skin aging, the effect of sunscreens is significant, but it remains incomplete. Some organic UV filters (PABA derivatives, cinnamates, benzophenones, and octocrylene) have been described to cause photo allergy. Percutaneous absorption and endocrine disrupting activity of small-sized organic and nano-sized inorganic UV filters have been reported. 3. POSITIVE EFFECTS OF UVR Exposure to UVR is not always considered bad. In fact, UVR has been found to be particularly helpful in treating vitamin D deficiency, seasonal affective disorders, psoriasis, sarcoidosis, mycosis fungoides, and numerous other cutaneous conditions. Within the epidermis, 7-dehydrocholesterol is converted to vitamin D (cholecalciferol) by UVB light. The elderly and young children are the ones who are particularly susceptible to vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D deficiency can lead to rickets in children, osteomalacia in adults, osteopenia/osteoporosis, and factures in the elderly. The Institute of Medicine recommends the following vitamin D allowances: 400 IU for 0 to 12 months, 600 IU for 1 to 70 years, and 800 IU for greater than 70 years. Light therapy is an inexpensive treatment and can be beneficial in treating certain diseases. Although it has been known for the last 100 years that UV light (particularly UVC with a wavelength range of 240–280 nm) is highly germicidal, its use to treat wound or other localized infections remains at an early stage of development. Candida auris is a globally emerging yeast, causing severe infections in patients with underlying diseases. This yeast is responsible for several outbreaks within healthcare facilities, where it can be found on hospital surfaces and patient care devices. Spread from these fomites may be prevented by improving the decontamination of hospital surfaces. UV-C decontamination may constitute an effective adjunct to routine room cleaning. Additionally, difficult-to-treat psoriasis patients sometimes find relief with UVR. It is thought that UVR has both antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory effects through downregulation of T-cell response to antigens. Studies have also shown improvement of the cutaneous effects of sarcoidosis with UVA-1 light and topical psoralen plus UVA (PUVA) therapy. PUVA and narrowband UVB has been shown to induce and maintain remissions of mycosis fungoides. Phototherapy is the use of light for reducing the concentration of bilirubin in the body of infants. However, the exposure to UV in childhood has been established as an important contributing factor for melanoma risk in adults and considering the high susceptibility to UV-induced skin damage of the newborn, related to his pigmentary traits, the UV exposure of the infant during phototherapy should be "as low as reasonably achievable," considering that it is unnecessary to the therapy. Protective eyewear can be necessary during newborn assistance activities carried out in proximity of some sources. Most people judge sun exposure in non-erythemic doses as pleasant. Exposure to sunlight has been linked to improved energy and elevated mood. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a seasonal pattern of recurrent major depressive episodes that most commonly occurs during autumn or winter and remits in spring. The


There is already a large body of research on Chinese trade and investment in Africa's land and natural resource sectors. Many studies in the past suggested that Chinese investment in Africa is strongly driven by interest in the continent's abundant raw materials (Sanfilippo, 2010; Biggeri and Sanfilippo, 2009; Schiere, 2010; Kolstad and Wiig, 2011). Yet more recent research suggests that these flows have evolved in response to changing domestic conditions in China, with Chinese companies increasingly shifting their attention towards services and manufacturing (Dollar, 2016).


The classical Dempster's combination rule is the most popular rule of combinations,but it is a poor solution for the management of the evidence conflict at the normalization step.When deal with high conflict information it can even involve counter-intuitive results.Based on evidence distance,some inherent characters of evidences are extracted,and discount method to combine conflicting evidence was proposed.The discount method can be also used to fuse image sequences to recognize targets.Examples show that the proposed method can provide reasonable results with good convergence efficiency.


Objectives The experiment was designed to evaluate methods of isolation,culture and identification of the endothelial cell(EC) for tissue engineering of heart leaflets.Methods aortic arteries were harvested from 4 hybrid young pigs.The endothelial cell was isolated by use of 0.25% collagenase Ⅱ and cultured,expanded with medium 199.The endothelial cell was identified under inverted microscope,with immunohistochemical assay and transmission electron microscope(TEM).Results Inverted microscope revealed that the cell isolated had a typical "cobblestone" morphology of endothelial cell.Assay for EC vwF Ⅷ was positive.TEM shows that there is tight and gap junction between cells,which is typical structure of epithelial cells.No Weibel Palade body was found.After three to four passages,6×10 6 endothelial cell were obtained.Conclusions By use of 0.25%collagenaseⅡ,endotheilial cells can be effectively isolated from aortic artery.After expanded,the endothelial cell is ready for seeding.


Methods and equipment entirely new to the oil industry will be used to install platform Hondo in 850-ft waters of the Santa Barbara Channel off California. The platform is scheduled for completion by the end of this year and production is to begin in early 1978. Exxon will drill 28 wells from the structure into the Hondo field, which was discovered in 1969, 5 1/2 miles offshore. Production from the field is scheduled to begin in early 1978, and should reach a peak rate of 60,000 bopd and 77 MMcfgd.


The existence of Phalaenopsis species had declined in the wild. Efforts to preserve the species with artificial propagation through crosses to produce a better crop than the parents, often fail because of incompatibility of the parents. This could be minimized by performing characterization to determine the relationship between parental crosses. The purpose of this research was to study the morphological characters of 30 genotypes (five genotypes of Phalaenopsis species, i.e. Phal. violacea, Phal. tetraspis, Phal. amboinensis, Phal. modesta, and Phal. cornu-cervi, and 25 hybrid genotypes found in Indonesia). Morphological characterization was executed in accordance with the type of roots, stem, leaf, and flower using UPOV guidelines and Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCA). The results showed that the 70 morphological characters could be separated into 490 sub-characters that can be divided into 484 polymorphic sub-characters (98.78%) and six monomorphic subcharacters (1.22%). Data analysis with NTSYS program showed that there were eight clusters with 42% of coefficient similarity. The five Phalaenopsis species formed into one cluster. The similarity coefficient between Phalaenopsis spp. and the 25 hybrids was only 30%, 29-70% within species, and 39-64% between the hybrids. Matrix correlation of morphological markers value (r) was 0.88, showed goodness of fit for resemblance coefficient. The PCA clustering was not in line to those identified by the NTSYS tree cluster analysis. INTRODUCTION Phalaenopsis species in Indonesia had declined in the wild because of deforestation. Tsai (2011) classified Phal. violacea, Phal. amboinensis, and Phal. Modesta into section Amboinenses, Phal. tetraspis into section Zebrinae and Phal. cornucervi into section Polychilos. The hybrids found in Indonesia's market were mostly imported, this condition had impelled Indonesia to find the hybrids from its own breeding, so it will be adapted to local condition. Efforts to preserve the species with artificial propagation through crosses to produce a better crop than the parents, often fail because of incompatibility of the parents. This could be minimized by performing characterization to determine the relationship between parental crosses. The purpose of this research was to study the morphological characters of 30 genotypes (five genotypes of Phalaenopsis species, i.e. Phal. violacea, Phal. tetraspis, Phal. amboinensis, Phal. modesta, and Phal. cornu-cervi, and 25 hybrid genotypes found in Indonesia). Unfortunately, the hybrid genotypes do not have names because they were obtained from local traders who only classified them into standard and novelty hybrids based on the colour of the petals and the sepals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Morphological characterization was executed in accordance with the type of roots, stem, leaf, and flower using UPOV guidelines (2003) and Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCA) was performed further for 30 genotypes (five genotypes of Phalaenopsis species, i.e. no. 1 = Phal. violacea, 2 = Phal. tetraspis, 3 = Phal. amboinensis, 4 = Phal. modesta, Proc. II Intl. Orchid Symposium Eds.: A. Uthairatanakij and S. Wannakrairoj Acta Hort. 1078, ISHS 2015 150 and 5 = Phal. cornu-cervi, and 25 hybrid genotypes found in Indonesia: no. 6 = H22, 7 = H21, 8 = H22, 9 = H23, 10 = H24, 11 = H25, 12 = H26, 13 =H27, 14 = H28, 15 = H29, 16 = H30, 17 =H31, 18 = H32, 19 = H33, 20 = H34, 21 = H35, 22 = H36, 23 = H37, 24 = H1, 25 = H2, 26 = H3, 27 = H4, 28 = H5, 29 = Phuket Beauty, 30 = Zauber Rose). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Morphological variability was observed in the Phalaenopsis spp. and also within the hybrids that can be used as morphological characterization materials. The results showed that the 70 morphological characters could be separated into 490 sub-characters that can be divided into 484 polymorphic sub-characters (98.78%) and six monomorphic sub-characters (1.22%). Main marker of Phalaenopsis found on six monomorphic morphological subcharacters was observed both in the species and the hybrids, and will not change with crossing.These characters were the leaf and stem growth type, leaf edge shape, leaf position on the stem, petal formation, spur, and the number of polinia. Data analysis with NTSYS program showed that there were eight groups with 42% of coefficient similarity. Phalaenopsis spp., i.e. Phal. violaceae, Phal. amboinensis, Phal. tetraspis, Phal. modesta, Phal. cornu-cervi, formed into one cluster. This cluster formed into three clusters, i.e. Phal. violaceae, Phal. amboinensis that came from Amboinenses section that made the first cluster, while Phal. tetrapis from Zebrina section made another cluster, and Phal. modesta from Amboinenses section and Phal. cornucervi from Polychilos section clustered together as the third cluster. Phal. modesta and Phal. cornu-cervi came from different section (Christenson, 2001), but in this study they formed into 1 cluster that was consistent with the earlier study of Fatimah and Sukma (2011) that used 16 microsatellites as markers, and Niknejad et al. (2009) that formed the grouping using RAPD that reflected the fundamental heterotic patterns of Phalaenopsis and the widespread practice of producing new accessions by crossing species of Phalaenopsis for improvement of orchid, and showed a clear grouping of different species of Phalaenopsis according to classification in different section. More sampling of the plants with different sampling strategies and from different localities could resolve this inconsistency with previous report.The only hybrid that formed the second group is H23 that has similarity coefficient 0.32 with the first group of Phalaenopsis species. Padolina et al. (2006) study on phylogenetic reconstruction of Phalaenopsis used nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence data and used Phalaenopsis as natural system for assessing methods to reconstruct hybrid evolution in phylogenetic analysis on fourteen Phalaenopsis species and seven horticultural hybrids to create a real dataset with which to test phylogenetic network reconstruction methods. Neighbor-Net was able to predict accurately the parents of the hybrids in only about half of the datasets tested, and there were so many false positives that it was impossible to distinguish the hybrids from the species. The 3-8 group consisted of hybrids with morphological similarity coefficient 0.39-0.64 (Fig. 1). The third group formed by hybrids of H24, H26, H27, H25, H30, H28, H6, H7, H8, H11, and H21. The fourth group consisted of H20 and H22.The fifth group consisted of H14.The sixth group consisted of H9, H10, and H19.The seventh group consisted of H12, H15, H13, and H18.The eighth group consisted of H16 and H17. The similarity coefficient between Phalaenopsis spp. and the 25 hybrids found in Indonesia was only 30%, 29-70% within species, and 39-64% within the hybrids.These data showed the distinctiveness between the species and the hybrids, within species, and within the hybrids. Matrix correlation of morphological markers value (r) was 0.88, showed goodness of fit for resemblance coefficient. Morphological marker is influenced by environment, but this variability is important because it would have been observed by phenotypic difference after selfing, crossing between siblings and crossing. Morphological character usually is a qualitative character, which are the shape and color of plant organs, controlled by single gene (Rieseberg (1992) on maize, and Reddy et al. (2008) on plant color in sorghum due to


The collinear libration point L3 of the sun-earth+moon system is an ideal place for some space missions. Although there has been a great amount of work concerning the applications of the other two collinear libration points L1 and L2, little work has been done about the point L3. In this paper, the dynamics of the libration points was briefly introduced first. Then a way to transfer the spacecraft to the collinear libration point L3 via the invariant manifolds of the other two collinear libration points was proposed. Theoretical works under the model of circular restricted three-body problem were done. For the sun-earth+moon system, this model is a good approximation. The results obtained are useful when a transfer trajectory under the real solar system is designed.


Distributed generation (DG) promises many potential benefits, including peak shaving, price hedging, fuel switching, improved power quality and reliability, increased efficiency and improved environmental performance. For these reasons, DG predicted to play an increasing role into the electric power systems of the near future. In this paper, two types of DGs are considered for implementation and DGs are modelled as PQ bus. The suitable location for placing distributed generation (DG) is identified through loss sensitivity factors and L index. The fuzzy adaptation of evolutionary programming has been chosen as it is particularly suited while solving optimization problems of multiobjectives. This technique is used to find the optimal size of distributed generation (DG). The objective of this paper is to minimize the total payments toward compensating for system losses and DG's capital costs by optimal siting and sizing of two types of DG. This new technique is tested on IEEE-34 bus radial distribution system and the results obtained justify the importance of optimal placement of distributed generation (DG) for minimizing losses and maximizing saving while maintaining appropriate voltage profile at all the buses.


The design process associated with large engineering systems requires an initial decomposition of the complex systems into subsystem modules which are coupled through transference of output data. The implementation of such a decomposition approach assumes the ability exists to determine what subsystems and interactions exist and what order of execution will be imposed during the analysis process. Unfortunately, this is quite often an extremely complex task which may be beyond human ability to efficiently achieve. Further, in optimizing such a coupled system, it is essential to be able to determine which interactions figure prominently enough to significantly affect the accuracy of the optimal solution. The ability to determine 'weak' versus 'strong' coupling strengths would aid the designer in deciding which couplings could be permanently removed from consideration or which could be temporarily suspended so as to achieve computational savings with minimal loss in solution accuracy. An approach that uses normalized sensitivities to quantify coupling strengths is presented. The approach is applied to a coupled system composed of analysis equations for verification purposes.


The nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) yield and final electron-electon correlation are examined for a laser wavelength of 800 nm over a wide range of laser intensities, using three-dimensional fully classical models. It is shown that in the transition region between NSDI and sequential ionization, turn-on stage recollisions can lead to having a majority of anticorrelated (back-to-back) electron pairs.


AIMS
To examine the dose-dependency of diclofenac's cardiovascular risks.

METHODS AND RESULTS
Using Danish health registries and the target trial emulation design, we conducted a series of 300 nationwide cohort studies during 1996-2020, each mimicking the strict design criteria of a clinical trial. Adults eligible for inclusion had no recent NSAID prescriptions, contraindications (gastrointestinal diseases, thrombocytopenia, or heart failure), or conditions with low adherence (dementia or psychiatric disease). Diclofenac initiators were compared to healthcare-seeking non-initiators and head-to-head using an approximated high dose of ≥150 mg/day vs. low dose of <150 mg/day. Cox regression was used to compute the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) within 30 days following initiation. We adjusted for age, sex, calendar period, comorbidity, comedication, and socioeconomic position. Compared with non-initiators (n = 3,789,617), diclofenac initiators (n = 1,894,834) had an approximately 50% increased rate of MACE (IRR 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.43-1.63), reflecting IRRs of 1.54 (95% CI: 1.40-1.69) for myocardial infarction, 1.29 (1.14-1.45) for ischemic stroke, and 1.92 (1.71-2.16) for cardiac death. The risk increase was observed for most conditions with chronic pain, in particular headache (IRR 5.10, 95% CI: 1.46-17.85). The risk increase was similar for initiators of high- (IRR 1.55, 95% CI: 1.40-1.71) and low-dose diclofenac (IRR 1.52, 1.41-1.63), which was confirmed in a head-to-head analysis (IRR 1.01, 95% CI: 0.90-1.12).

CONCLUSIONS
Initiators of high- and low-dose diclofenac had comparable increased cardiovascular risks. This finding provides evidence against the assumption that low-dose diclofenac is risk-neutral.


: Good nutrition is crucial for forming proper eating habits to provide the much needed nutrients for growth and development. Moreover, at school age, children develop their nutrition practices which are important in relieving the occurrence of diet related chronic diseases later in life. Globally, malnutrition among school aged children is a public health concern with more than two hundred million children stunted. The objective of this study was to establish the dietary intake of pupils, 8-14 years in Bungoma County, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive, cross-sectional study design. Multi-stage random sampling was used to determine the schools and pupils, 8-14 years, included in the study. The study population was pupils attending public primary schools in Bungoma County and a total of four hundred pupils were enrolled for the study. Data collection tools used included questionnaires for quantitative data collection. Data was collected on 24 hour dietary recall and food frequency questionnaire. Data collected was analyzed using and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 to be able to categorize the pupils appropriately. Data analyzed was presented using tables, pie charts and bar graphs. The study found out that majority of the pupils had low dietary diversity (n=270, 67.50%) and had inadequate dietary intake (n=217, 54.3%). The mean kilocalorie consumption was 2217.63 kilocalories. Adequate dietary intake is necessary for pupils to realize their full potential in life. Nutrition education on dietary intakes should begin at home and also be integrated in the pupils' school curriculum.


The United States faces a shortage of well-trained primary care physicians (PCPs). The demand for primary care services is projected to increase, with an estimated 50,000 more PCPs required by 2025...


This study investigated the effectiveness of liraglutide 3.0 mg daily in combination with a standardized multidisciplinary intervention on body weight and body composition changes in a real‐life setting.


Ferrite nanoparticles with tunable physical properties have been successfully synthesized by a simple co-precipitation technique by controlling the digestion time, alkali addition rate, solvent polarity and by using divalent cations of Mn, Co, Fe and Zn. Ferrite nanoparticles of average particle size 9 to 29 nm were synthesized by using different divalent cations of Mn, Co, Fe and Zn. The Mn, Co and Fe ferrites were magnetic in nature with saturation magnetization of 44.6, 47.38, 56.19 emu/g respectively. The increase in particle size with increasing solubility product of divalent metal hydroxide was in good agreement with the nucleation theory. Nanoparticles with higher transition temperatures have been achieved by using NaOH as an alkali.


In 2017, Paulo Blikstein, Dor Abrahamson, and the Interaction Design and Children Community established an annual award in the memory of Edith Ackermann to recognize the work of two scholars, one emergent and one eminent. These individuals would be acknowledged for their accomplishments but also tasked with a mission to complete for the following year's conference. Through a series of meetings they would produce an artifact that would be shared with IDC. In 2018, Michael Horn was recognized as the emergent scholar and Heidi Schelhowe was recognized as the eminent scholar. Through a series of conversations culminating in an in-person visit, Mike and Heidi have written this essay in which they share resonating themes from their conversations.


A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of irrigation regimes and nitrogen levels on the growth and yield of wheat cv. Kanchan (Triticum aestivumL.). The experiment includes two factors such as four irrigation regimes and four nitrogen levels. Three farmer's fields were selected for experimentation as replication. Yield and yield contributing factors were significantly affected by irrigation regimes and different doses of nitrogen. Maximum grain yield of 2.27 t ha−1by the application of 200 mm irrigation treatment. Interaction between 200 mm irrigation and 120 kg N ha−1was the best combination treatment.


This study reports a temperature compensation method for a capacitive MEMS accelerometer by using a MEMS double-ended-tuning-fork (DETF) resonator integrated with the accelerometer structure on the same die. The proposed method utilizes the frequency information of the clamped-clamped DETF resonator which is oscillating in a closed-loop operation. In order to compensate the temperature dependence of the accelerometer output, frequency drift of the DETF resonator against changing temperature is used, i.e., the resonator frequency is used as the temperature data for compensation purposes. On-chip integration of two sensors allows precise temperature sensing abilities by removing the thermal lag between the DETF resonator and the accelerometer. Tests are held in the -20 °C and 60 °C range by operating both sensors simultaneously in a temperature-controlled oven. The measurement results indicate temperature coefficient of frequency (TCf) of 480 ppm/K for the integrated resonator and temperature dependence of 1,164 μg/K for the accelerometer output, which is decreased to 1.4 μg /K after temperature compensation. Improved noise performances indicate the bias instability of 30 μg and the velocity random walk of 24 μg/sqrt(Hz) with the removal of the temperature ramp (after 30 seconds) in Allan-deviation plot.


: We present realistic 3D numerical simulations of elastic bodies sliding on top of each other in a regime of velocities ranging from meters to tens of meters per second using the so-called Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method. This allows us to probe intimately the response of the bodies and the nature of the friction between them. Our investigations are restricted to regimes of pressure and roughness where only elastic deformations occur between asperities at the contact surface between the slider block and the substrate. In this regime, solid friction is due to the generation of vibrational radiations which are subsequently escaping to infinity or damped out in which case energy is dissipated. We study periodic commensurate and incommensurate asperities and various types of disordered surfaces. In the elastic regime studied here, we report the evidence of a transition from zero (or non-measurable µ < 0 . 001) friction to a finite friction as the normal pressure increases above about 10 6 P a . For larger normal pressures (up to 10 9 P a ), we find a remarkably universal value for the friction coefficient µ ≈ 0 . 06, which is independent of the internal dissipation strength over three order of magnitudes, and independent of the detailled nature of the slider block-substrate interactions.


Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify risk factors for AMD in the Tunisian population which is exposed to intense sunlight and have important seafood diet.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted including 2204 persons aged more than 50 years which came to our hospital as patient or as accompanying adult. Patients responded to a questionnaire asking about medical history, habits and behaviour, sun exposure, diet and smoking habits. A complete ophthalmic examination was undertaken in patients with AMD.The median age of patients was 66 ± 9.5 years old (range 50-100). Lesions are classified in early and late stages of AMD. Statistical analysis was done.

Results: Prevalence of AMD in our studied population was 16.4 %. Age was a significant risk factor. Prevalence of AMD was 12.5% in group patient aged between 50 and 60 years and 31% in group patient aged more than 80 years (P=0.001). Males were more exposed to AMD than females (p=0,001).

Excessive sun exposure, lack of nutrients and antioxidants increased significantly the risk of AMD (P<10-3). Smoking was the most important risk factor (P< 10-3) and prevalence increased proportionally to the importance of cumulated annual consummation. Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and dyslipimia were not significantly associated to a high prevalence of AMD. Cataract extraction did not increase the risk of AMD in our study and myopia was associated to a low risk of AMD.

Conclusions: AMD is a multifactoriel disease. Some preventive measure were effectives. Genetics' studies of the disease could identify population at risk.


The optical system has been developed in order to investigate a mobile rocket combustion chamber through schlieren technique. The design process has been presented in a consecutive perspective, despite of the non-sequentiality that characterizes any decision-making route, in order to facilitate the reading. A brief introduction to the combustion chamber test bench, as well as to the rising interest of space industry and agencies in green propellants, is promptly followed by theoretical background about schlieren technique and its application in an optical diagnostic perspective. It is also presented a computational method for numerical evaluation, implemented in a Matlab routine for image-processing. The project design develops from studies on conventional and novel configurations up to detail design and optimization, including in the process also cost-benefits analysis for the selection of components, Matlab routines for sizing and verification purposes, as well as developing of a complete CAD model as a tool for calibration procedures. Indeed, it is offered a step-by-step calibration procedure to the operator, that includes a specific section dedicated to most common practical issues and alternative solutions. The design process ends up by drafting a brief list of possible improvements in order to increase its reliability for future applications. A brief summary of main results, coming from a preliminary test session on a flat flame burner, is offered to the reader, in order to outline a standard setting for a correct calibration of the system. A specific test campaign aims to highlight the optical system sensitivity to changes in temperature and density due to mixture ratio variations.


I This article performs a portrait about people with Down's syndrome in Spain. First, it provides a quantitative approach of the population from statistical sources and other databases, from which a demographic projection is done for the year 2050. In a second part it presents the results of social inclusion of the population with Down's syndrome, from different indicators of access to the labor market, education level, social participation, performance, and support resources. Finally, taking as a framework the social model of disability, a critical reflection is done, about its present and future impact on people with Down syndrome and other intellectual disabilities.


The epitaxial growth of Hg1−xCdxTe has been investigated by means of a technique in which the source and substrate are close spaced, and both under isothermal conditions and with a temperature gradient between the source and substrate. The effect of excess mercury pressure in the ampoule on the growth rate and the compositional profile within the isothermally grown epitaxial layers has been investigated in detail. A simple isothermal process is described for making epitaxial layers having a controlled surface alloy composition. The presence of a temperature gradient between the source and the substrate significantly enhances the deposition rate and results in a linear relation between the layer thickness and deposition time. The electrical and optical properties of the isothermally grown epitaxial layers are discussed along with the results of photoconductivity measurements on layers having surface composition of x=0.20 and x=0.25.


Abstract The photographic work of Ella Fuller was unknown until 1970, when more than 225 anonymous glass negatives came to the University of Michigan as the gift of H. Mark Hildebrandt, who bought them at an auction in rural Michigan in 1968. The plates turned out to be the work of Ella Grace Frisbee Fuller, a woman of Quaker origin. Born in 1872 in Belleville, near Detroit, she took up photography soon after her marriage in 1894 to Ira Fuller, a farmer from Ypsilanti Township. At about the same time she was reporting the events of her small community to a local newspaper. The plates span a period from around 1900 to just before the First World War. From later years only run-of-the-mill snapshots survive. Fuller took much interest in the temperance movement and at the age of 86 made her first air trip to attend an international Women's Christian Temperance Union conference in Mexico City in 1959. She died in 1968 at the age of 94.


THE preeminence of Orleans as a centre of the ars dictaminis in France has long been recognized. Apparently the cultivation of dictamen at Orleans and in its neighborhood was closely connected with the revival of literary studies in the twelfth century, and the earliest treatises and collections from Orleans and Fleury reflect hese classical and literary preoccupations.' In the course of the thirteenth century, however, and more definitely from about 1235 on, Orleans becomes a school of civil and canon law,2 and the collections of letters take on a more legal character.3 This transition is illustrated by two collections preserved in a manuscript of Tarragona, to which, so far as I am aware, attention has not been called. This codex, no. 6 of the Biblioteca Provincial, I examined in 1913, and am now able to study in detail through photographs kindly made by Mr. Walter M. Whitehill, Jr. The manuscript, written in various hands of the thirteenth century, is incomplete at the beginning and at the end, and parts of it have been misplaced in the binding. It contains ninety-eight folios, as follows:


A 51-year-old man witb a bistory of a remote anteroseptal myocardia! infarction presented to the emergency room with palpitations and mild ligbtheadedness. He had developed ventricular tacbycardia (VT) 1 year after the infarction and had undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery witb map-guided subend(x:ardial resection 5 years previously. His ejection fraction was severely decreased. In the emergency room, he was noted to be in a wide complex tachycardia (Fig. IB) that spontaneously terminated with resumption of sinus rhythm (Fig. I A). The patient subsequently underwent electrophysiology study. Figure 2 shows 12 surface leads and intracardiac electrograms from the high right atrium (HRA), the proximal and distal His-bundle regions (HBE-PR, HBEDIS, respectively), cbe left bundle region (ABL-PR), and the right ventricular apex (RVA). Panel A of Figure 2 shows sinus rhytbm., and panel B shows the tachycardia. What is the likely mechanism of this wide QRS complex tachycardia?


After World War I, large numbers of Negroes were stirred by race pride and demanded a "spiritual emancipation." They were encouraged to seek improvement of their own living conditions and work for the betterment of the natives on the African continent. During this post-war decade two prominent leaders, W. E. B. DuBois and Marcus Garvey, clashed in their separate plans to establish an African state and an international organization of Negroes. Both men were propagandists. DuBois was editor of the Crisis, the official magazine of the N.A.A.C.P. and Garvey owned the Negro World. (The Jamaican regularly wrote articles for his newspaper and the editorial writers he hired adopted his tone.) The present article is based primarily on a study of these two publications and seeks to examine the DuBois-Garvey debate which-especially from Garveyite quarters-was abusive and acrimonious. In 1917, DuBois favored the formation of a "great free central African state" (the amalgamation of German East Africa and the Belgian Congo); later, he declared that the state should be enlarged to include Uganda, French Equatorial Africa, German Southwest Africa, and the Portuguese territories of Angola and Mozanbique.1 In his conception, a "Brain Trust" of Negro administra-


This paper proposes a simple yet effective method to re-move shadows from text document images. It mainly includes several parts. Firstly, we propose a text elimination-based background extraction strategy to estimate shadow map. It indicates the shadow regions accurately and helps to predict global background. Secondly, a binarization-based text ex-traction algorithm is designed to obtain texts from document image. By fusing texts and global background, a preparatory shadow-free image can be obtained. Thirdly, we propose an adaptive text contrast enhancement strategy to generate shadow-free results with comfortable visual perception across shadow and non-shadow regions. Quantitative and visual results performed on open datasets indicate that the proposed method can generate clear shadow-free images from text document images. Our code will be publicly available soon.


The invention, upon compression and expansion movement of the piston valve can be respectively controlled by the damping force for the low amplitude and high amplitude relates to a valve structure of the shock absorber to meet the ride comfort and control stability at the same time. And a cylinder in accordance with the present invention, the working fluid is charged and one end is located in the interior of the cylinder other end as a valve structure of a shock absorber having a piston rod extending out of the cylinder, is installed at one end of the piston rod and the main piston valve assembly which operates in a divided state the interior of the cylinder into an upper chamber and a lower chamber generates a damping force varying according to the moving speed; Secondary piston valve assembly to move with the main piston valve assembly and generate a damping force which varies with frequency; A valve structure of a shock absorber comprising: a is provided.


SUMMARY: A surface antigen preparation obtained from Paramecium aurelia absorbs from a concentrated antiserum approximately 74% of the total antibody absorbed by the intact animal. An antiserum prepared against this preparation immobilized P. aurelia of the same serotype.


The purpose of this article is to show how Russian literature has played main role in the novel forming as a new genre in the Mongolian national literature. As we understand, such attributes as the breadth of views of Russian writers of the historical process, faithfulness, understanding the revolutionary path of the people and the vividness of the image of the positive and progressive aspects of life have enabled a Russian literature to become a unique and unrepeatable. The value of Russian literature has been recognized by the world since it could express the life and ideals not only of Russian but also of mankind in whole. We assume there was a strong and fruitful influence of the works of leading Russian thinkers on the formation of national literatures and the development of a revolutionary-democratic ideas in Asia.


Broadband antireflection is essential for improving the photocurrent generation of photovoltaic modules or the enhancement of visibility in optical devices. The moth-eye nanostructure is one of the most promising structures with potential for commercialization in the near future and roll-to-roll ultraviolet nanoimprint lithography (R2R UV-NIL) technique provides a solution for the commercialization due to its high speed, large area, high resolution, and high throughput. In this study, the anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) mold is used to produce the moth-eye nanostructure arrays upon a flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrate combining with R2R UV-NIL process, which provides a solution for continuous production of moth-eye nanostructure arrays cheaply. In addition, the influence of mold parameters and process parameters on the forming quality were investigated, respectively. The influence of process parameters was investigated by using the one-variable-at-a-time method, including feeding speed, imprinting pressure, and mold temperature. The qualitative and quantitative height evaluation for the moth-eye nanostructure arrays were carried out based on the atomic force microscope images. As a result, the feasibility is verified to produce moth-eye nanostructure arrays continuously with AAO mold and R2R UV-NIL technique. A rapid feeding speed of 20 m/min was possible to produce good moth-eye nanostructure arrays with mold 1, which were 300 nm in diameter, 300 nm in height. However, different forming results were observed as the mold parameters decreased including unsatisfactory demolding phenomenon and incomplete filling phenomenon. The incomplete filling phenomenon was improved to a certain extent by changing the process parameters and higher forming height was accomplished with lower feeding speed, higher imprinting pressure, and higher mold temperature. This research is beneficial to provide a direction for the industrial production of the moth-eye nanostructure arrays.


This is the vignette to the R package coRNAi. coRNAi consists of functions for analysing combinatorial RNAi knockdown screens. The package builds on the R package cellHTS2 and takes a cellHTS object as input. In the section Creating cellHTS object for coRNAi, we will discuss the extra annotations needed for the downstream analysis of combinatorial knockdown data and we will provide an example of a valid annotation file for cellHTS2. In the section Analysis of co-RNAi screens we will illustrate the workflow by going through the analysis of two different datasets step by step. The section Moderated t-test provides justifications for the usage of a moderated t-test, in the section Choice of fitness phenotype we will briefly describe two possible fitness measurements. In the last section Analysis of large datasets we will show how it is possible to speed up the analysis when working with large and interaction sparse datasets.


from January 1992 through June 2004, issued October 2004. Am J Infect Control 2004; 32:470-485. 9. Chuang SC, Lee KT, Chang WT, et al. Risk factors for wound infection after cholecystectomy. / Formos Med Assoc 2004; 103:607-612. 10. Williams LF, Jr., Chapman WC, Bonau RA, McGee EC, Jr., Boyd RW, Jacobs JK. Comparison of laparoscopic cholecystectomy with open cholecystectomy in a single center. Am J Surg 1993; 165:459-465.


In recent years there has been a growing interest in the area of knowledge based systems which incorporate both database management system technology and expert system technology developed in the field of artificial intelligence. Logic-based deductive database systems (DDB's) represent a major branch of this research area. A critical problem shared by DDB's and logic programming systems in general is that of deductive control and its specification.
We present the foundations of a uniform, declarative representational framework for expressing a variety of important control-relevant information and integrating many other significant, existing sources of control-relevant information while preserving compatibility with known techniques for the representation and/or processing of such information. Our approach involves the use of generalized second-order assertions of structural properties (SOP's) to convey control-relevant information which can be utilized during query compilation to generate efficient extended relational algebra programs. Our approach constitutes a simple extension to a logic based data representation and manipulation language, for the declaration of control-relevant information to be used by the system in controlling deductive processes within DDB applications, information that would otherwise have to be expressed procedurally or not expressed at all, resulting in potentially infinite computations or significant performance penalties.
Four different roles of SOP's, i.e., static integrity constraints, computational constraints, constructors, and constrictors, are presented along with a set of concrete examples of their use in a prototype implementation of a DDB that supports SOP's.
The concept of control-relevant information is defined as are two primary dimensions for its characterization, i.e., the imperative-assertional and the internal-external dimensions. These dimensions, in conjunction with a set of requirements for deductive control in a deductive database system, i.e., efficiency of execution, containment of potentially infinite deductions, completeness, uniformity, and perspicuity, form the basis of a detailed analysis of alternative approaches to the problem.


Continuing problems of transport companies in consequence of financial and economic crisis are clear-cut evidence that risk management in transport companies plays a very important role to achieve long term competitiveness and profitability. The paper is dealing with business risks and risk management in transport companies.


For the prevention of dementia, noninvasive screening methods which detect the signs of cognitive decline before clinical symptom occurs are needed. We previously reported blood‐based composite marker for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) consisting of apoA1, TTR, and C3. A combination of blood proteins could be a promising biomarker for monitoring the progression of cognitive decline from early stages of the disease. Here, we developed LC‐MS/MS‐based blood test using plasma proteins for MCI and AD to explore accurate and practical screening of the disease.


The propagation of a pollutant emitted from localised sources both 7 within and above a regular street network is studied by analysing data from 8 direct numerical simulations of passive scalar dispersion. Two wind directions 9 are considered, corresponding to aligned and oblique flow with respect to the 10 street axes. Particular attention is paid to the role of entrainment of the scalar 11 into the urban canopy from an elevated source and re-entrainment of material 12 originally released further upstream from a ground source. The variation of 13 concentration differences and vertical fluxes between the streets and the air 14 above as a function of distance reveals important differences between the rate 15 of lateral and vertical mixing for the two sources. Detrainment and entrainment 16 need a longer fetch to equilibrate for the elevated source than for the ground 17 source. There are large differences between the advection and detrainment 18 velocities for the aligned and oblique cases, so that a change in wind direction 19 could affect ventilation efficiency considerably. Time scales associated with 20 different dispersion processes are computed and the time of first appearance of 21 the scalar from the onset of release in different streets is mapped. It is shown 22 that re-entrainment can provide a shortcut dispersion pathway for reaching 23 certain parts of the network. This is particularly striking in the case of oblique 24 flow, when material can be transferred by entrainment up to twice as fast as it 25 could by advection. Taken together, these results highlight the overall message 26 that vertical exchange is a two-way process and that entrainment needs to be 27 considered in the context of emergency-response as well as urban ventilation. 28


Abstract The present study was aimed to explore the potential of Musa acuminata var G9 leaves (banana leaves, BL) as a wound healing agent and to formulate a topical delivery system for delivering the same. BL was collected, authenticated and the leaf components were extracted by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) using three individual solvents. Phytochemical screening of three extracts led to the selection of aqueous extract which was further subjected to by GCMS analysis. MTT assay of aqueous BL extract exhibited cytocompatibility even at higher concentrations (150 mg/mL showed 85.45%). Antibacterial studies using agar disc diffusion method revealed more susceptibility of S. aureus in comparison to E. coli for the aqueous extract. For topical application, four creams (F1-F4) were developed and characterised. Further, scratch wound healing potential of 25 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL of aqueous extract in F4 formulation was compared with marketed and control formulations using L929 cell lines which exhibited better cell migration of 25 mg/mL extract in 24 h with wound area of 44.46 ± 3.34 % compared to marketed 32.41 ± 1.63 % and control 9.38 ± 1.76 %. Thus the study indicates the potential of aqueous BL extract as a wound healing agent which can be further explored. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Significance The high-resolution structures presented herein explain how ERp44, a multifunctional chaperone cycling in the early secretory pathway, exploits the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–Golgi pH gradient to bind clients in the acidic Golgi and release them into the neutral ER environment. Protonation of essential cysteine and histidine residues induces conformational changes that simultaneously expose Cys29 in the positively charged client-binding site and the C-terminal KDEL receptor-binding motif, making ERp44 a pH-sensitive molecular machine that controls fidelity of protein secretion. ERp44 retrieves some endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident enzymes and immature oligomers of secretory proteins from the Golgi. Association of ERp44 with its clients is regulated by pH-dependent mechanisms, but the molecular details are not fully understood. Here we report high-resolution crystal structures of human ERp44 at neutral and weakly acidic pH. These structures reveal key regions in the C-terminal tail (C tail) missing in the original crystal structure, including a regulatory histidine-rich region and a subsequent extended loop. The former region forms a short α-helix (α16), generating a histidine-clustered site (His cluster). At low pH, the three Trx-like domains of ERp44 ("a," "b," and "b′") undergo significant rearrangements, likely induced by protonation of His157 located at the interface between the a and b domains. The α16-helix is partially unwound and the extended loop is disordered in weakly acidic conditions, probably due to electrostatic repulsion between the protonated histidines in the His cluster. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that helix unwinding enhances the flexibility of the C tail, disrupting its normal hydrogen-bonding pattern. The observed pH-dependent conformational changes significantly enlarge the positively charged regions around the client-binding site of ERp44 at low pH. Mutational analyses showed that ERp44 forms mixed disulfides with specific cysteines residing on negatively charged loop regions of Ero1α. We propose that the protonation states of the essential histidines regulate the ERp44–client interaction by altering the C-tail dynamics and surface electrostatic potential of ERp44.


The precisian of gallesy. length estimates for Ips calligraphus (fe), the primary bark beetle infesting Florida slash pine, is makedly affected by both shape and size of bark samples, Because egg gallerim extend vertically in the trees, rectangular samples with the long axis oriented horiizontally intersect more galleries and are less va~able than squares or vertically oriented rectangles of equal area. For estimating adult densities, sample unit size (but not shape) is an important consideration, Regressisn equations of sample unit variance as a function of population density can be used to calculate the number of sample units needed to estimate gallery length and brood densities a t specified error and confidence levels. D a b collezted from 10 infested trees showed that the Ie population on a tree typically consisted of multipf e cohorts rather than a single, even-aged cohort. Ie broods frequently emerged from the midbole region before the extremes were cofonized. The magnitude and causes of brood morta1ilt;y often! appeared diBerent a t different heights and times. Adtack density tended to be lowest in the midbole region, increased slightly toward the base, and was greatest in the uppor bole up to the height where interspecific competition occurred. Egg density was least in the lower bole and tended to increase with height. Brood emergence was leasta t 4 m, increased to peaks a t 2 and 8 m, then diminished toward the extremes of the Ic-infested bole. Additional keywords: Bark beetle, Sccolytiidae, Ips calligraphus, Ips av ulsus, Ips grandicollis, Dendroctonus terebrans, Pinus elliat tii.


The family planning program (KB) in Indonesia has been recognized nationally and internationally as one of the programs that has significantly reduced fertility rates. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between age, education and parity with the use of IUD . This research was conducted at Puskesmas Doloduo Bolaang Mongondow District on August 8 until September 30th. This research is an analytic correlation research using crosssectional approach . The population in this study are all active acceptors of 850 people in the are a of Puskesmas Doloduo Bolaang Mongondow Utara . Sample in research that researched 85 respondent, with technique of accidental sampling sampling. Based on the Research Methods show that there is a relationship of age, education, and parity with the use of akdr in Puskesmas Doloduo Bolaang Mongondow District. Because p value 0 ,025 (


The topic and the panelists what is a derivative? the volume of derivative trading "normal" use of derivatives exotic derivative products risks from not using derivatives disclosures by dealers to customers what if the customer is not authorized to deal in derivatives? are derivatives securities? disclosures by end-users suits by end-users against dealers potential liability of directors of the end-user differences among regulators - is there a race to the bottom? questions from the floor morals.


The rule of the impact of large blood vessels on the lesion boundary of invasive microware heat field coagulation for liver tumor was studied for different critical conditions by computer simulation under Reynolods law. The critical conditions are:when the large blood vessels are located out of coagulation lesion; the critical distance when the 54℃ isothermic surface is influence; the critical distance when large blood vessels are located on the outer edge of coagulation lesion; when the large blood vessels are all located within coagulation lesion; and the critical distance when the temperature of their surrouding tissue is not less than 54℃, Curves were rendered for relationship between diameters of large diameter blood vessels and distances-blood vessels under different critical conditions.


engineered to target CEACAM6 antigen or VEGFR2 antigen by transducing respective antibody coupled with appropri-ate intra-cellular signaling domains. CEACAM6-CAR-T and VEGFR2-CAR-T are cytotoxic to respective antigen carrying tumor cells relative to control T cells. In vivo xenograft studies also showed CEACAM6-CAR-T is very potent against BxPC3, a pancreatic cancer model. Given the simplicity of camelid single domain antibody relative to 'classical' antibody, these antibodies would be ideal candidates to be used in cell based therapies. Camelids produce antibody that is devoid of lights chains. Their single domain N -terminal domain is fully capable of binding antigen with great affinity and specificity without re-quiring domain paring. The N -terminal domain can also be expressed in both bacterial and mammalian systems in high yield. These domains have been applied to research, diagnostic and even therapeutic applications. In this study, two camelid single domain antibodies have been applied to cell based therapies. One of the antibody targets VEGFR2 and the second antibody targets CEACAM6. Both antigens are solid tumors targets. Chimeric-Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells were PCNSL epithelial phenotype of cancer cells while cultured on 3D silk scaffolds as shown by the drop in most common EMT markers. Furthermore, we observed significantly higher levels of mRNA for ECM proteins in fibroblasts cultured in 3D as well as some features characteristic for cancer associated phenotype of these cells while co-cultured with tumor cells in 3D. A gen-eral increase in MMP9, VEGFa and Vimentin was observed for both cell types. Using cytotoxic agent – doxorubicin we found cells cultured on 3D silk scaffolds to be much more re-sistant to the effects of the drug than cells cultured in standard monolayer. In this study we have proven, that silk scaffold – based, three-dimensional culture model, constructed using both cancer cells and fibroblasts, is an advanced tool to study tumor biology in vitro . It provides a controlled environment, with the possibility to analyze cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions. Model can be easily expanded by the addition of endothelial cells, immune cells or adipocytes. scaffolds. We compared cell growth, morphology, drug resistance and gene expression profiles of cell cultured as standard 2D monoculture, 3D monoculture and 3D co-culture. Using flu-orescent activated cell sorting we separated cells from the co-culture and by RT-PCR we analyzed expression of genes responsible for the process of EMT, CAF transformation, ECM production and tumor aggressiveness. Results showed more cytes B with phenotypes CD19+CD25+ ( p < 0.0001) and CD19+CD69+ ( p < 0.0001), as well as higher frequencies and absolute number of exhausted T lymphocytes CD3+PD-1+ ( p = 0.0021), CD3+PD-L1+ ( p = 0.0032), and activated CD3+CD25+ ( p = 0.0027), and CD3+CD69+ ( p = 0.0062) lymphocytes T than the controls in the peripheral blood. Sim-ilar observations were done in the bone marrow samples ( p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.0134, p = 0.0183, p = 0.0263, and p = 0.0169, respectively). En-hanced exhaustion and activation of peripheral blood and bone marrow lymphocytes was associated with higher Rai stage, increased concentration of lactate dehydrogenase and beta-2 microglobulin and progression of the disease. The number of lymphocytes B CD19+ZAP-70+ correlated positively with the number of CD19+PD-1+ B cells and CD3+PD-1+ T cells. Conclusions: The study confirmed the association between unfavorable prognosis and high expression of exhaustion and activation markers in CLL patients. Determination of PD-1+, PD-L1+, CD25+ and CD69+ lymphocytes T and B constitutes valuable diagnostic tool, completing cytometric evaluation of CLL. tissue, peripheral blood and bone marrow. The course of CLL is chronic by default. Of note, how-ever, is its heterogeneity. Programmed cell death protein 1 and its ligand 1 (PD-1, PD-L1) are major inhibitory receptors regulating T cell exhaustion, i.e. a state of T cell dysfunction. The role of lymphocyte activation and exhaustion in the natural history of CLL is still a matter of discussion. Aim of the study was to determine the percentages and absolute numbers of exhausted and activated lymphocytes B and T in peripheral blood and bone marrow of CLL patients. Moreover, we analyzed relationship between the number of PD-1-positive and PD-L1-positive lymphocytes and established prognostic factors in CLL. Material and methods: The study included 40 untreated patients with CLL and 20 healthy subjects. The immunophe-notype of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (in both groups) and bone marrow cells (solely in the CLL group) was determined by means of flow cytometry. Results: Patients with CLL showed higher frequencies and absolute number of exhausted B lymphocytes CD19+PD-1+ ( p < 0.0001), CD19+PD-L1+ ( p < 0.0001), activated lympho-Session individuals with DICER1 syndrome develop thyroid cancer. Moreover the other tumors such as embryonal rhabdomyo-sarcomas, Wilms tumors and other very rare entities, all comprise DICER1 syndrome. DICER1 syndrome is inherited in autosomal dominant pattern but with unknown penetrance. It is a rare condition and its prevalence is unknown. Affected individuals can develop one or more types of tumors, and members of the same family can have different types. Based on the literature it is hypothesized that second somatic "hit" in DICER1 is required in addition to a loss of-function germline DICER1 mutation in order to initiate tumor/cancer development. A genetic counseling and testing should be offered to the family of the affected child/adult. istration of anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 aims to abolish anergy of effector lymphocytes T caused by tumor and viral infected or antigen presenting cells. The anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 therapies are widely used for the treatment or are undergoing the final stages of clinical trials in patients with different types of tumors. Therapies of this kind often provide long-term control of the disease and the development of specific immune response in large variety of tumors. Nivolumab (anti-PD-1) is already used in the treatment of melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and renal cancer. Pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1) is used in the treatment of melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer. Atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) is used in the treatment of clear renal cancer, bladder cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Moreover there are different case reports, describing positive clinical effect of the inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in the therapy of intracranial meningioma, colorectal cancer, gastric cancer or even penile cancer. They are generally less toxic than chemotherapy, but the treatment complications, i. e. autoimmune phenomena, are not uncommon. Antigen presenting, infected by viral agents and cancer cells, have on their surface molecules PD-L1 (B7-H1) and PD-L2 (B7-DC) (programmed cell death ligand protein 1 and 2) are connected to the PD-1 antigen on the surface of cells results in inhibition of their activity. The concept of immunotherapy using antibodies against immune check points is based on their ability to reverse anergy of T cells in the tumor environment and inflammatory process-es. Lymphocytes only receive then signals that activate and again therefore lymphocytes are able to act against tumor and infected cells. This strategy is proved to be very effective for some types of cancer and chronic viral infections, and it revolutionized existing immunotherapy methods. The admin-Lecturers abstract from the day before transplantation till the day transplantation. CYP2C19 genotypes undesirable effects. patients were and cases. CYP2C19*1/*17 CY-P2C19*1/*2 CYP2C19*2/*17 gastrointestinal, and nervous system, respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal, gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary and skin disorders. The aim of our study was to determine the influence of CYP2C19 mutations on adverse drug reaction (ADR) occurrence during antifungal prophylaxis conducted with voriconazole in adult patients after allo-HSCT (allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplanta-tion).We determined CYP2C19 genotypes in 30 patients after al-lo-HSCT using PCR-RFLP methods. Biometrical and biochem-ical data, information on the underlying disease, chemother-apy, prophylaxis failure, adverse drug reactions typical for the use of voriconazole, and probable drug interactions were collected. The observation and reporting of ADR took place


A simple, rapid and robust enantioselective method was developed and validated for the quantitation of I-BET762 enantiomers [(S)-I-BET762 and (R)-I-BET762] with ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) as per ICH guidelines. The active [(S)-I-BET762] and inactive [(R)-I-BET762] enantiomers were resolved on a Chiralpak-IA column using 0.1% trifluoro acetic acid in water (v/v) and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1.2 mL min -1 . The resolution between the enantiomers was found to be more than 3.4 in the optimized method. The developed method was extensively validated and proven to be robust. The calibration curve for (R)-I-BET762 showed excellent linearity over the concentration range of 5 to 100 μg mL -1 . The limit of detection and the limit on quantitation for (R)-I-BET762 were 2 and 5 μg/mL, respectively. The recovery for the (R)-I-BET762 ranged between 96.1 to 109.2% in the bulk drug sample. The proposed method was found to be suitable and accurate for the quantitative determination of (R)-I-BET762 in the bulk drug.


The launch of direct-acting antiviral agents is a milestone in the treatment of hepatitis C, but further studies are needed to explore its specific timing and effectiveness in liver transplantation for HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This article summarizes related guidelines, consensus statements, and recommendations in China and globally and the advantages of different treatment timing strategies. Furthermore, a retrospective analysis of related studies is performed to investigate the controversial topic of the impact of direct-acting antiviral agents on the recurrence rate of HCV-related HCC after liver transplantation, and it is pointed that direct-acting antiviral agents can reduce the risk of HCC recurrence in liver transplant recipients with HCV-related HCC. The selection of treatment timing should consider various factors such as liver function, waiting time for donors, and utilization of HCV-positive organs.


T Spanish word muletilla, in addition to its literal diminutive meaning based on muleta 'crutch,' has the figurative connotation of a "little speech crutch," and has widely come to mean "[a pet] word or phrase, often repeated inadvertently in talking.'' 1 As such it corresponds to the English ''tag of speech'' or ''speech tag," 2 and will be so considered in this study. As one observes the speech of others, he soon perceives that everybody has at least one very noticeable favorite word or phrase upon which he relies ( muletilla) and which continually reappears in the person's speech pattern. Because this is such a universally human trait, it is natural to expect that a great novelist will take this phenomenon into consideration in creating his characters. This is particularly true of Benito Perez Gald6s, acknowledged master of external and psychological realism and creator of more than 8000 fictional characters. Although the existence of the muletilla in Gald6s' works has been known to the scholarly world since 1933, when Effie Erickson observed '" Gald6s probably borrowed the device of the muletilla from his English predecessor [Charles Dickens]," 3 there apparently has been no effort to ex-


This article is the result of a master´s degree thesis. The investigation that generated it was focused on general considerations about to the teaching aids in the role plays as an efficient alternative to favor the existence of interpersonal relationships of preschool children. In its conception the pedagogical principles to this educative level are assumed. The scientific novelty is expressed in the teorical and practical conception of a system of teaching aids which allows a direct treatment to the existing problem and its generalization to other groups to obtain the desirable result in the transformation of the ways of their social behavior.


This paper investigated the impact of exchange rate deregulation on industrial performance in Nigeria. In this study, secondary data over the period 1975 – 2005 was used and the co-integration technique and chow breakpoint test were considered as analytical tools. The study found that a long-run relationship exists between the industrial productivity growth rate, ration of industrial production to gross domestic product, exchange rate, interest rate and terms of trade, and that exchange rate deregulation has significant impact on industrial performance. In order to determine the short term dynamics around the equilibrium relationship, the estimated an error correction model (ECM) and industrial productivity growth rate and contribution of industrial production to GDP lagged by one and two periods, exchange and interest rates emerged as significant determinant of industrial productivity growth rate in Nigeria. The result however suggests the importance, as well as the imperative for Nigeria to embark on comprehensive exchange rate policy in order to accelerate and sustain industrial growth performance. Key Words: Exchange Rate, Deregulation, Industrial Performance, Cointegration, Error Correction Mechanism.


This article advances the discussion proposed during the Opening Lecture of the Academic Semester at the Graduate Program in Applied Linguistics and the Undergraduate Program in Language Studies at Universidade do Vale dos Sinos (Unisinos), Brazil, about the correspondence, in terms of social relevance, between different Applied Linguistics fields and political agenda topics. Based on my research with business organizations, supported by CNPq, I attempt to show how this scenario is fertile for building and sharing/universalizing scientific knowledge of practical relevance, contributing to the development of people, the efficiency of enterprises, and consequently the competitiveness of the country. Key words: Applied Linguistics, organizational studies, national development.


WWW.CUTIS.COM VOLUME 88, NOVEMBER 2011 217 To the Editor: Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is an uncommon malignancy that typically presents with 1 or more erythematous patches or plaques in the genital, perianal, or axillary regions.1 There are rare cases of multisite disease (multiple EMPD) that have occurred mainly in the Japanese population.1-5 We report a case of triple EMPD in a white man. A case of triple EMPD in a white patient was reported in the Frenchlanguage literature.6


Specialist Dr Jane Panikkar answers questions posed by GP Dr Dawn Harper on the management of menorrhagia and comments on two case histories. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Interface Ltd


The goal of this project was to design a lamp that will redirect its light to follow a user's gaze. The magic lamp will consist of a flashlight attached to a two-axis motor assembly, to be directed by an embedded microcontroller. Additionally, the lamp will utilize a Wiimote to track IR LEDs affixed to a specially designed hat. The Wiimote will communicate relative positioning data to the microcontroller via Bluetooth, which will in turn direct the motors to aim the flashlight. The controller will behave according to a state-machine that describes both automatic and manual modes of behvior. Figure 1 shows the logical connections between system components and how they are intended to interact, and Figure 4 depicts the governing state machines.


Political Science ONIBOKUN, Adedotun William B. A., University of Washington, 1978 The Content Analysis of Four Nigerian Newspapers 1963 and 1974 Advisor: Professor Larry Noble Thesis dated July 31, 1981 The primary intent of this thesis is to content analyze four Nigerian dailies in an attempt to look at press freedom under the civilian rule (1960-1965) and the military rule (1966-1978); and compare to see how both governments' control affected the content of the Nigerian newspapers. It also attempts to determine how both governments relate to the press and the level of press freedom in Nigeria. This newspaper analysis was significant for several reasons: It was the first research up to date that has looked at the civilian/military government control (as it affects the Nigerian newspapers' content; and furthennore, to see the form of government under which press freedom was attained more. The old, effective, traditional oral communications gradually disintegrated as the developnent of the press in Nigeria surfaced. The nature of press-government relationships in Nigeria today is in large part due to the legacy left by the British colonial administrators. The main sources of information were four Nigerian newspapers: Daily Times, New Nigerian, Nigerian Tribune and the Daily Express. Also a wide variety of secondary information, books and and periodicals were used.


A study was made on the pollen tube growth of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in vivo at different intervals of time by the application of 0 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm of borax and 50 ppm of myo-inositol through spraying. Pollen germinated normally on the stigmatic papillae, pollen tube emerged from the germinating pollen tube and passed through the stigmatic papillae in both the situation i.e. treated and untreated ones. After then interesting results were observed. The length of pollen tube of different treatments increased significantly at different intervals of time as compared to control except for T1 treatment where tube length was not significant at 3, 4, 6 hours. However, when the results of different treatments were compared T2 emerged as the best treatment followed by T3. At 6 hours a few of the germinating pollen tubes reached the style for T2 and T3 treatments. But till then no styles received any pollen tube for T0 and T1 treatments. At that time the germinating pollen tube reached a short distance of the style through the transmitting tissues of the style which consisted of compacted and elongated cells.


Four series of nonionic copolymer surfactants have been prepared by the free radical copolymerizations of dioctyl itaconate (DOI) with dioxypropylated itaconic acid. Copolymerization reactions were carried out in solution at 70°C using 1mol. percent azopisisoputyronitrile as a free radical initiator. The copolymers were obtained by reprecipitation from petroleum ether (40‐60) and finaly dried in vacuum at 60°C. The structural features of these nonionic copolymer surfactants have been confirmed by IR and 1HNMR spectra. The surface active properties of these polymers were compared and evaluated, including solubility, cloud point, surface properties, interfacial tension, foaming emulsification and biodegradability. Most of the products are good biodegradable surfactants; which manifested the importance of their application in pollution problems.


This paper purposes to describe S.PERERE (simulation of performance in error), a human behavior computational simulator, which main objective is to produce, in a random way, human error states. For the generation of error states, S.PERERE has a behaviour disturber mechanism and also a mechanism to start the perturbations. The construction of the simulator is based on ACT-R (atomic components of thought - rational) cognitive architecture


Inertial navigation systems baseduponoptical gyroscopes tendtobeexpensive, large, powerconsumptive, andarenotlonglived. Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS)basedgyrosdonothavetheseshortcomings; however, until recently, theperformance ofMEMS based gyroshadbeenbelownavigation grade. Boeing andJPL havebeenco-operating since1997todevelop high performance MEMS gyroscopes forminiature, lowpower spaceInertial Reference Unitapplications'2. Theefforts resulted indemonstration ofaPostResonator Gyroscope (PRG).Thisexperience ledtothemorecompact Disc Resonator Gyroscope (DRG)forfurther reduced size and powerwithpotentially increased performance. Currently, themass, volume andpoweroftheDRG aredominated by thesize oftheelectronics. Thispaper will detail theFPGA based digital electronics architecture andits implementation fortheDRG whichwill allow reduction ofsize andpower andwillincrease performance through a reduction in electronics noise. Using thedigital control based onFPGA, wecanprogram andmodify inreal-time thecontrol loop to adapt tothespecificity ofeachparticular gyroandthe change ofthemechanical characteristic ofthegyroduring its life time.


In this paper we consider the Kaluza–Klein field equations in the presence of a generic 5D matter tensor which is governed by a conservation equation due to 5D Bianchi identities. Following a previous work, we provide a consistent approach to matter where the problem of huge massive modes is removed, without relaxing the compactification hypotheses; therefore we perform the dimensional reduction either for metric fields and for matter, thus identifying a pure 4D tensor term, a 4D vector term and a scalar one. Hence we are able to write down a consistent set of equations for the complete dynamics of matter and fields; with respect to the pure Einstein–Maxwell system we now have two additional scalar fields: the usual dilaton one plus a scalar source term. Some significant scenarios involving these terms are discussed and perspectives for cosmological applications are suggested.


ABSTRACT Osmotic dehydration assisted by ultrasound (ODAU) at low temperatures reduces water activity (aw) and maintains nutrients. The influence of solution concentration (SC; 20 to 60° Brix, xylitol and sorbitol) and ultrasound application time (tus, 0 to 40 min) in ODAU of yacon was studied with the aid of a response surface method. The optimum condition with respect to mass transfer parameters, aw, and fructan retention was SC of 60° Brix for both solutions and tus of 2.67 min for xylitol samples and 0 min for sorbitol samples. The application of ultrasound improved dehydration but resulted in depolymerization of fructans.


Objective To establish the HPCE fingerprints of Buzhong Yiqi Wan(BZYQW) by capillary zone electrophoresis(CZE) and determine the content of hydroxyglycyrrhetic acid in BZYQW by internal standard method.Methods The electrophoretic separation was performed on a 75 cm×75 μm(with effective length of 63 cm) uncoating fused silica capillary with 50 mmol·L-1 sodium borate-150 mmol·L-1 NaH2PO4-50 mmol·L-1 Na2HPO4(1∶1∶1,v/v) as the background electrolyte.Index of the chromatographic fingerprints(F) was applied to optimize the CEFP conditions.The running voltage was 11 kV,and the detection wavelength was 265 nm injecting for 20 s(10 cm).Based on 10 batches of BZYQW,15 co-possessing peaks were selected by choosing hydroxyglycyrrhetic acid peak as the referential peak and BZYQW-CEFP was produced.Results The quality of BZYQW was divided into 8 grades from the excellent to the inferior.The quality of S4,S9 and S10 was grade 1;that of S5 was grade 2;of S3,S6,S7 and S8 was grade 3;of S1 was grade 5;and of S2 was grade 7.With naproxen as the internal standard,the standard curve was linear at 10-100 μg·mL-1 with a correlation coefficient 0.999 6.The average recovery was 98.2%(n=6).Conclusion The combination of quantitative analysis of the overall chemical fingerprint and determination of special components is convenient and effective to evaluate the quality of traditional Chinese medicine.


This study aimed at analyzing the quality of learning process affected by the teachers' pedagogic competence level and the school's learning facilities. The method used was survey, with questionnaire as the instrument for data collection. The results showed that the teachers' pedagogic competence and the learning facilities had significant positive effect on the quality of the learning process. Therefore, the quality of the learning process may be improved by upgrading the teachers' pedagogic competence and the learning facilities. Keywords—teachers' pedagogic competence; learning facilities; learning process quality