This thesis summarises the search for a rare process involving the Higgs boson, where the Higgs boson is produced in association with a top quark pair. This analysis was carried out using data from proton-proton collisions in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), collected by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector during the 2016 data taking period. In 2015, the LHC was restarted at an unprecedented centre-of-mass energy of √ s = 13 TeV, significantly increasing the discovery potential of the experiments. The discovery of the top quark pair associated Higgs (tt̄H) production process would be a direct confirmation of the standard model (SM) mechanism of mass generation for the most massive known quark. Deviations from the SM expectation would signal the presence of beyond the standard model (BSM) physics affecting the recently-discovered Higgs boson. The tt̄H process has a production cross-section that is about two orders of magnitude below the Higgs production via gluon fusion, which was the channel where this particle was discovered in 2012. Due to the extremely low production rate, all detectable decay modes of the Higgs need to be considered. We concentrated on the dominant decay mode for the Higgs boson, where it decays to bottom quarks which further hadronise to jets. In order to reduce the contribution of multi-jet processes not involving top quarks, we additionally require the presence of charged leptons, which can arise from the leptonic decays of the W bosons from top quark decays. This search, which is made challenging by the presence of an overwhelming background arising from QCD production of tt̄+jets, necessitated the use of sophisticated particle reconstruction and identification algorithms in the detector. We contributed to the development of a new method for identifying and tagging jets arising from the hadronisation of bottom quarks, which are a feature of both the signal and background processes, by combining information across different detector subsystems using machine learning. This combined b tagging algorithm improved over the state of the art by reducing the rate of erroneously tagged jets by approximately 10-20% and was employed in the CMS analysis that saw first evidence for the H → bb̄ decay. For the identification of the tt̄H process, we implemented an algorithm that directly uses predictions from quantum field theory via the evaluation of matrix elements to disentangle the signal process from the tt̄+jets background. We employed this matrix element method in an analysis of CMS data to determine an upper limit on the tt̄H production cross-section at the level of μ = σ/σSM < 1.52 at a 95% confidence level, with an upper limit of 1.57 expected in the case of no signal. This method is now available to the CMS collaboration and plays a central role in the Run 2 analysis of tt̄H(→ bb̄) in the Higgs group. Advanced data mining techniques based on artificial intelligence have recently made significant progress on problems in various fields such as machine vision and translation that were previously thought to be intractable using computers. During an internship at the private company Lingvist Technologies, we investigated the use of these adaptive algorithms based on deep learning for a problem where accurate predictions based on theory are not available. We developed a datadriven method based on neural networks that significantly improved the accuracy of the estimated vocabulary size for people learning a second language. The use of such adaptive techniques based on machine learning also shows promise in the field of natural sciences, particularly in experimental high-energy physics, where the discovery potential can be enhanced by making maximal use of the information recorded by the detector, but also in effectively reducing, filtering and modelling the large amounts of data that are foreseen in the coming decades.


Aim: The purpose of this study is to measure the sciatic Nerve injuries in Total Hip Replacement after the old trauma of femur fracture more than 3 months. Materials and Methods. The design of this study was retrospective study design and this study was conducted at DHQ Teaching Hospital Gujranwala. Data was collected of Total 50 patients who underwent Total Hip Replacement following trauma of NECK of femur fracture. All Patients underwent through Total Hip Replacement surgery. Sciatic nerve traction injuries were noted. SPSS – 16 was used for statistical analysis of the data and for the calculation of the mean and SD. Mann-Whitney U test and Student's t- test were also used for the analysis of the mean and SD in consideration with the p-value of (< 0.05). Results: Out of 50 patients, 5 patient developed Sciatic nerve injuries and 1 developed Femoral nerve injury. Out of these 5 Patients, cause of sciatic nerve injury in 3 patients was formation of hematoma and the cause of 2 sciatic nerve injuries and femoral nerve injury was trapping of the nerve due to scarring. However, the outcome of 4 out of 6 (66.66%) patients was Good, 1 (16.66%) had satisfactory result while the one patient (16.66%) with sciatic nerve injury developed total paralysis with poorer prognosis. Practical Implication: Sciatic nerve traction injuries can occur as a complication of total hip replacement (THR) surgery, especially after old trauma such as neck of femur fracture that occurred more than 3 months prior to the surgery. Such injuries can result in significant pain, weakness, and other functional impairments that can affect the patient's quality of life. Therefore, it is important for surgeons to carefully evaluate the patient's medical history and perform appropriate diagnostic tests to identify the risk of nerve injury before THR surgery. Furthermore, during surgery, surgeons should use techniques to minimize the risk of nerve injury, such as careful placement of implants and avoiding excessive traction on the sciatic nerve. Early detection and prompt management of sciatic nerve traction injuries can help to optimize patient outcomes and prevent long-term disability Conclusion: Sciatic Nerve injuries are common in THR after trauma to the neck of femur. So, these must be ruled out and proper management should be done. Keywords: Total Hip Replacement, Femur Neck Fracture, Sciatic Nerve Injury, Trauma.


A study was conducted at the Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan, to evaluate the effect of different concentration of Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Mill.) powder on physicochemical and sensory properties of orange marmalade. All treatments (0, 2, 4 6, 8 and 10% Aloe vera powder) were analyzed for titratable acidity, TSS, pH, moisture, fat, fiber and protein contents. The data indicated gradual increase in titratable acidity (0.08 to 0.18%), moisture (0.23 to 0.48%), protein (0.09 to 0.40%) and fiber (0.12 to 1.03%) among all treatments with increasing concentration of Aloe vera powder. However, a decreasing trend in pH (3.81 to 2.74), TSS (68 to 56 °Brix) and fat content (1.1 to 0.08%) was noticed with gradual increase in concentration of Aloe vera powder in orange marmalade. Sensory attributes like color, taste, texture, flavor and overall acceptability were found acceptable among all treatments but T1 (2% Aloe vera powder) was liked most and T5 (10% Aloe vera powder) was least appealing to the judges. It is concluded from present study that the addition of different concentrations of Aloe vera powder in orange marmalade significantly affected the physicochemical and sensory properties of marmalade.


To evaluate the effect of secondary cytoreductive surgery (SeCRS) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer patients.


The communication scope, strength depth and its relationship to the social-economic activities are studied about the external communication from the households in the countries in west China based on the telecom communication charge. The following is the results. Except for the local province, the main scope of the external communication for the study region was the comparative developed regions in the littoral area of east China and the average communication distance was 962 kilometers. The external communication strength had the strong correlation with the farming seasonal character as the short and long-distance communication strength were stronger in summer and autumn than in spring and winter when the farming activities were not busy in the study region. The short-distance communication strength was a bit stronger than long-distance communication strength that the long-distance communication had well developed. The average proportion of a household communication total charge accounting for its net income was 50% of the average in China. It indicated that both the communication development and the social-economic development wee still in low level in the countries in west China. For the households of the highest net income, the communication scope was wider, strength was stronger and depth was deeper than that of the households of the lowest net income. There was a bit difference between the months of spring day and earth quake about the external communication scope and strength. In general, the external communication from the households in the countries in west China was relation to the conditions of economic development in China, especially to the phenomenon of peasant workers flow. Peasants took part in constructing the process of urbanization and industrialization and their households partly, discontinuously shared the outcome of urbanization and industrialization with the low-level, which would ameliorate in a certain degree with the amelioration of economic development in the countries.


Abstract. in an open, controlled trial, treatment with a combination of metoprolol and hydralazine was compared with non‐pharmacological management of mild and moderate hypertension in pregnancy. One hundred and sixty‐one women participated in the study. the drug‐treated group showed significantly better blood pressure control than the group not given antihypertensives. Induction of labor before term, because of maternal or fetal complications, was somewhat more frequent in the control group. Nine women in the treatment group and 5 in the control group developed albuminuria. Three infants in the drug‐treated group died perinatally, and one in the control group. the outcome for the newborns was similar in both groups concerning birth weight, head circumference and Apgar score and in the frequencies of respiratory distress, bradycardia and hypoglycemia. the better blood pressure control achieved with these drugs makes it possible to treat the patient at home and reduce the risk of emergency delivery, but treatment does not seem to be mandatory for a good outcome of the pregnancy in cases of mild and moderate hypertension during pregnancy.


Educational games are being used by many different people (Rieber, 1996): parents buy games for their children, teachers find games online that address the content they are focusing on, and many students find these environments engaging and worthwhile. Most research on using games for learning look at the outcome as a single unit, for example, students learned to add fractions. To make the most of digital learning environments, it would be useful to know what happened inside the game, when it happened, and how it happened. How can the learner get more of what they want or need, and less of what they do not want or need? To answer these questions, more in-game data needs to be collected, and sense made of the data. No small task, to be sure. AbsTRAcT


As part of the goal of developing wearable sensor technologies, we have designed and built a hybrid sensor headset for monitoring brain activity. Through the use of electroencephalography (EEG) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), the sensor array is capable of monitoring neural activity across the primary motor cortex and wirelessly transmitting data to a computer for real-time processing to generate control signals, which are transmitted to wireless devices for various applications. This paper focuses on current results using this technology for artificial limb control and discusses the development of the headset as well as the neural networks employed for processing motor cortex activity and determining the user's intentions. Initial results relevant to artificial limb control are presented and discussed, including the performance of the system when actuating an artificial limb with four degrees of freedom. Our headset provides a more natural control mechanism than traditional solutions, through the use of direct brain control. The technology resulting from this research is currently also being investigated for application in areas including phantom limb pain treatment, robotic arm control, general brain-computer interfaces, lie detection, and even a video game interface.


A suitable manganese addition in lead zirconate titanate lowers losses of piezoceramics. An attempt is made to show how an equivalent electrical circuit taking into account the grain boundary and domain wall effects permits an analysis of the role of manganese addition on dielectric and mechanical losses in lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics. From an analysis of the experimental frequency dependence of both conductance and admittance, the parameters of the equivalent circuit are calculated. Computer simulations allowed identification of bulk, domain wall, and boundary layer effects and their frequency dependence.<<ETX>>


In order to frame the relationship between tourism and New Age spirituality, I identify actors in the tourism sector who draw inspiration from New Age as spiritual entrepreneurs. A spiritual entrepreneur is a tourist entrepreneur promoting a New Age philosophy and spiritual values such as 'self-development', 'holism' and 'deep-values', and who present a vision of crossovers between religion, local development and tourism, combining local traditions with global trends. The article is an analysis of two chosen spiritual entrepreneurships, namely Polmakmoen Guesthouse and the pilgrimage 'The Seven Coffee Stops' in Tana municipality in Finnmark, northern Norway. The article's aim is to examine how values central within New Age here emerge as key terms in the production of unique experiences.


For decades learning theory has emphasized the need for active student involvement in the classroom (Walberg, 1986), consequently effective college instructors master the art of engaging college students in the learning process (Bain, 2004). Moreover, instructors in higher education have recently been challenged to recognize how changes in modern technology have impacted classrooms (Kirkwood & Price, 2005), essentially transforming communication, teaching, and learning processes in higher education (Bransford, Brophy, & Williams, 2000). A natural way to utilize advanced technology and increase student participation in college classrooms is to employ electronic audience response systems (commonly referred to as "individual response technology" or "clickers"). Clicker technology allows each student to respond to questions posed by the instructor electronically by pushing a button on a remote transmitter. Student responses are sent immediately to the instructor's computer for instant classroom display, in the form of frequencies and percentages (students' are not identified on the display by their individual responses). Students can then see how their response matched those of their classmates. Most instructors use the displayed results to generate class discussion, assess student understanding, and reward class participation (as accompanying software saves student responses in a data file accessed only by the instructor). Clicker technology has been around for over 40 years (Deal, 2007). Yet only recently has its widespread use become commonplace in university classrooms across the United States. Increased interest in this technology is due in part to the recent advances in more classroom friendly, low-cost radio-frequency systems (Barber & Njus, 2007). Today almost every university in the United States has classrooms utilizing clicker technology (Abrahamson, 2006). Efforts to solicit student opinions are not new to clicker technology and have been part of teaching pedagogy for some time (Heward, 1994). However, unlike traditional methods of classroom interaction such as raising hands or response cards, current versions of clickers provide students with a technologically advanced method of providing opinions and receiving immediate feedback (Roschelle, Penuel, & Abrahamson, 2004) not too dissimilar from other communication devices in their lives. It is therefore believed that clickers present a genuine opportunity for college instructors to engage their students with current media. Indeed, since the introduction of clickers several years ago, proponents have argued that clickers are transforming student learning (Beatty, 2004). The benefits of clicker technology in higher education have just begun to be empirically assessed (Banks, 2006). Evidence exists to indicate that modest increases in retention and test scores relate to the use of this technology (Kennedy & Cutts, 2005). However, other studies have found little or no improvement in learning as a result of clicker use in the classroom (Lee & Bainum, 2006). In addition to test scores and retention, however, clickers may impact the learning experience in other ways (Caldwell, 2007), for example, by improving the classroom environment, or student satisfaction with teaching techniques. The goal of this study was to evaluate the degree to which students value the use of clickers as a teaching tool. As the clicker technology is relatively new to college classrooms, and findings related to clickers' effects on retention and test scores are somewhat mixed, assessing user satisfaction provides a logical first step in evaluating the efficacy of the technology. While there is some existing literature on the use and effectiveness of clickers in college classrooms in general (Fies & Marshall, 2006; Simpson & Oliver, 2007), paucity in research in three specific areas of clicker satisfaction warrants further investigation. Exposure Some discussion has centered on whether the novelty of clickers in the classroom creates an appeal for the device rather than the actual pedagogical benefits (Nagy-Shadman & Desrochers, 2008). …


IKE Athena, who was born, according to legend, in full armor from the head of Zeus, the Gutenberg Bible appeared in its -J perfection to herald the creation of the printed book. The products of other early presses were not much inferior to it; after all, they were competing with a well-established industry, that of the scriptoria, which supplied to those who could afford such luxuries well-written, readable manuscripts. It is therefore unusual to come across a very early printed book which gives evidence of imperfection and experimentation in its production. Such a volume is among those that form the recently acquired Edwin J. Beinecke Memorial Collection (see the Gazette for October 1970). It is number 131 in the list, "Bonaventura, S. Legenda maior S. Francis ci [Italian]. [Rome: Printer of the * Apocalisse,' (Ulrich Han?), about 1468]." The book has been described, quite superficially, by Hain (no. 7332), by Reichling (no. 525), who gives the collation, and by the Indice Generale degli Incunaboli delle Biblioteche d'Italia, which lists as numbers 4053 and 4054 what are apparently the only two other extant copies, one in the Biblioteca Corsiniana deir Accademia d'Italia in Rome and the other in the Biblioteca Nazionale in Palermo. This small volume of 94 leaves is, as I shall attempt to show, at least a serious rival to the Apocalisse (Goff J-225) for the honor of being the first book printed in Italian, and it is certainly the first to contain printed signatures. While the history of the introduction of printing to Italy is clear, that of the first presses in Rome is rather confused. By 1465, Conrad Sweynheym and Arnold Pannartz had begun printing at the Monastery of Subiaco; in 1467, they moved the few miles west to Rome. At about the same time two other Germans also arrived in Rome and also established presses: Ulrich Han, born in Ingolstadt, but selfstyled citizen of Vienna, and Sixtus Reissinger. What their relation-


The polar amino acid, such as aspartic acid (L-Asp) and arginine(L-Arg) are the primary active molecules of the glycoprotein on the organic/inorganic interface of biomineralized tissue. In this study, aspartic acid and arginine were used as the organic template in inducing the nucleation and growth of calcium carbonate. With the analysis of X-ray diffraction we investigated the relationship between amino acid concentration and the precipitation phase crystal structure of calcium carbonate. SEM was employed in the analysis of the morphological characteristic of the precipitation. To interpret the cause of the hierarchic structure was proposed from the view of the small biomolecules polarity that can control over the growth of the crystals and the aggregation of the micro crystals. The conclusion also provides a new material synthesize strategy.


In this paper, we extend and complement some recent results of coupled fixed point theorems of Luong and Thuan in (N. V. Luong, N. X. Thuan, Coupled fixed point theorems for mixed monotone mappings and an application to integral equations, Computers and Mathematics with Applications 62 (2011) 4238-4248.) by weaken the concept of the mixed monotone property. The example of a nonlinear contraction mapping which is not applied by the results of Luong and Thuan, but can be applied to our results is given. The presented results extend and complement results of Luong and Thuan and some known existence results from the literature.


Abstract In this paper, we investigate the problem for optimal control of a viscous generalized θ \theta -type dispersive equation (VG θ \theta -type DE) with weak dissipation. First, we prove the existence and uniqueness of weak solution to the equation. Then, we present the optimal control of a VG θ \theta -type DE with weak dissipation under boundary condition and prove the existence of optimal solution to the problem.


In this paper, we analyze the stock of Tsingtao Brewery Co Ltd for the 8-year period, from July 31, 2001, to September 11, 2009, a total of 2003 trading days. Using the False Nearest Neighbors method, we obtain the embedding dimension m in the k-nearest neighbour Algorithm. In order to investigate the validity of this method, we apply the modified method to the daily adjusted opening values of the Tsingtao Brewery Co Ltd. We find that the prediction of experimental results is more accurate than traditional methods.


Since they appeared, vertical structures, i.e. the towers, most often those of churches and town halls in Poland have featured large importance both in rural and urban systems and also as the factors shaping urban interior and panoramas of localities. Independently of when they came into being, they always were important composition elements of landscape. Many of them survived to current time and sometimes they are even of medieval origins. We should remember that they are silent witnesses of past times, the material values left us by our ancestors. For this reason, they shall be protected against destructive actions of weather conditions and flow of time. Key-Words: Landscape, Middle Ages, Predominant Feature, Tower, Town, Urban Planning


THE DISTRIBUTION OF TRAFFIC IN A ROAD NETWORK BY TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT IS DISCUSSED. DIFFICULTIES SUCH AS LIMITED KNOWLEDGE OF TRIP END DISTRIBUTION, WHAT CONSTITUTES THE BEST PATH, AND THE EFFECTS OF ZONE SELECTION ARE DISCUSSED. ALTHOUGH ASSIGNMENTS CAN BE MADE FAIRLY USEFUL IN AN OVER- ALL WAY, THEY TEND TO BE LUMPY AND IRRESPONSIBLE IN DETAIL. IN ORDER TO MEET THE GROWING DEMAND FOR INFORMATION ON THE EFFECTS OF INDIVIDUAL FACILITIES, A MATHEMATICAL THEORY IS DEVELOPED FOR ESTIMATING THE TRAFFIC LOAD ON A PARTICULAR STREET SECTION, BY A DIRECT APPROACH TO TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT. THE EQUATIONS DEVELOPED MAY ALSO BE USEFUL IN TREATMENT OF TRIPS INTERFERING WITH EACH OTHER.


Abstract THE minimum requirement for sodium chloride for optimum performance by breeding hens fed purified diets has been investigated. In previous work (Barlow et al., 1943; Halpin et al., 1934; 1936; Prentice, 1933; Sjollema, 1935) with sodium chloride in the nutrition of poultry, optimum rather than minimum requirements were sought, and levels from 0.5 to 1.0% were accepted as adequate. In the present investigation, the actual need with purified diets was found to be considerably lower. The data on the effect of sodium chloride deficient diets on the performance of breeding hens are also presented. EXPERIMENTAL Single-Comb White Leghorn pullets which had been reared to maturity on range and fed practical diets were placed in individual cages with raised screen bottoms and throughout the experiments were given water, oyster shell, and ration ad libitum. The purified basal ration used was complete in all known nutrients except the minerals; its composition in . . .


The New Dimensions in Testimony project integrates advanced filming and voice recognition techniques to present the possibility of interacting, in natural language, with the hologram of a Holocaust survivor who may no longer be alive. This article is an attempt to organize reflections around the initial estrangement caused by the contact with the holograms. For this, I mobilize notions such as of presence, broad present and presentism in order to think of holograms as a temporally non-belonging element, an excess of both past and present.


The article describes results and prospects of the scientific analysis of the Soviet era epistolary heritage – 'workers' letters to higher authority.' The array of documentary evidence created amid the most complex socio-cultural processes that swept over Russian society in the 20th century, is a substantive matter for scientific analysis, moreover, a matter that exhibits internal unity and system features. Mass nature of sources to be found in archives all over the country, provides a reliable basis for creating an objective picture of historical realities. The purpose of the article is to conduct a source study analysis of the Soviet era epistolary legacy and to assess the ramifications and the cognitive value of letters to authority for studying historical


During a study of collections of Venezuelan Pseudothelphusa deposited at the Museum of Biology of the Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, and at the La Salle Museum of Natural History, Caracas, examples of two new forms were discovered; one of these is here described as a new species, the other as a new subspecies of an already described species. In the previous descriptions from Venezuela and Trinidad by Rathbun (1898, 1905, 1919), the male pleopod, which furnishes the most reliable character to distinguish between the various species of this group, was not adequately illustrated. Consequently, considerable difficulty was encountered in comparing my material with these descriptions. It was therefore thought advisable to provide here full descriptions and illustrations not only of the new forms, but also of all the species previously described from this area. In these descriptions the abbreviations cb. and cl. have been used for "carapace breadth" and "carapace length" respectively. In the paragraph "Material examined" the following abbreviations have been used to indicate the institutions where the material is deposited: LS = La Salle Natural History Museum, Caracas; MB = Museum of Biology of the Central University of Venezuela, Caracas; ML = Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden. I am most grateful to the authorities of the first two institutions for the privilege of studying the freshwater crabs in their collections. I am greatly indebted to Dr. Julian Kenny for his assistance in obtaining specimens from Trinidad, and to Mr. Andres Eloy Esteves for his kind cooperation in all phases of the work. I am furthermore very thankful to Dr. L. B. Holthuis for his valuable suggestions and criticisms. Pseudothelphusa venezuelensis Rathbun (text-fig. 2; pi. 1)


This paper draws on the development of the European Union's legal order in developing the concept of "functional constitutionalism," which is used to understand and critique the constitutional features of specialized postnational institutions. This concept is intended to highlight the drawbacks of an inflationary use of constitutional terminology in the global governance literature and to emphasize the substantive differences between constitutionalism as applied to postnational institutions on the one hand, and the conventional rights-based and popular sovereigntist models of constitutionalism tailored to the nation-state context. More broadly, the paper is a contribution to the ongoing scholarly effort to adapt the core interpretive and normative concepts of political theory to the transnational realm.


We investigate the sum-product decoding on graphs of analog compound codes and show that the iterative decoding can be completely analyzed by tracing the mean vector at each iteration. A novel geometric analysis is proposed to visualize the iterative decoding process in the Euclidean space. Based on this geometric analysis, we propose to decompose the analog compound codes into several orthogonal constituent code spaces to achieve the fastest convergence speed. Simulations are given to verify our conclusions.


ABSTRACT Determining the critical success factors is common in tourism research because it can bring many benefits to the tourism industry. Related research is mainly concentrated in accommodation, events, ecotourism, catering, travel agencies, wine tourism, urban tourism, and business tourism. Entertainment tourism is becoming increasingly popular. However, research on the critical success factors of entertainment tourism destination has been overlooked. This study examined these factors from the supply-side perspective with the aim to discover the critical success factors of entertainment tourism in Macau using qualitative research method. The data is collected from managers in the entertainment tourism industry. Eight CSFs, with a total of 21 sub-factors from data collected from semi-structured interviews are observed. These CSFs are product, financial and economic support, service quality, planning and policy, facility and transportation, marketing, human resources and security. The result also indicates the strength of these identified factors in improving and sustaining the development of entertainment tourism. Furthermore, the implications of the success of such development are suggested.


This study is to develop a study application. This Biology study application about human reproduction system is developed by using software Adobe Flash CS3 Professional. Beside that, Macromedia Fireworks is also used to help in making an object. This application can be run in Flash Player or browser. The aim of this study system is to help students to learn Biology especially about Biology especially about Human Reproduction System. The contents start from the theory about man's reproduction organ, woman's reproduction organ, reproduction system, andat the end, there is a task to know how deep the student has understood the lesson. This application also can help teacher to teach about human reproduction system. Universitas Sumatera Utara


Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were applied to 1200 consecutive patients undergoing first-time myocardial revascularization. Forty-three patients (3.6%) developed evidence of myocardial infarction as judged by serial electrocardiograms and release of enzymes. Out of 23 preoperative and intraoperative potential risk factors for perioperative myocardial infarction, multivariate regression analysis revealed that duration of aortic cross-clamping was a powerful continuous variable risk factor. The relative risk increased twofold at 44 minutes compared to 17 minutes, approached three times the risk at 53 minutes, and reached more than six times the risk after 84 minutes of aortic cross-clamping. Two other independent predictors for perioperative myocardial infarction were identified: the presence of preoperative arterial hypertension and significant (> 75%) left main coronary artery stenosis. Left ventricular impairment, gender, age, severity of angina, and the number of distal anastomoses were not identified as risk factors for perioperative myocardial infarction. Our data indicate that the incidence of perioperative myocardial infarction may be reduced by consistent efforts to minimize aortic cross-clamp time without compromising the adequacy of myocardial revascularization.


This study investigates the use of the Internet and electronic and digital media, particularly the extensible business reporting language (XBRL) and social media channels, for the dissemination of financial information. For this purpose, we conduct an online survey among a sample of 58 listed firms in the DACH region (Austria, Germany, and Switzerland). The results reveal the high relevance of the portable document format, followed by the printed format, for financial reporting. It also reveals the increasing importance of XBRL, social media channels, and smartphone applications. Twitter and LinkedIn, followed by Facebook, are the most used social media channels for sharing financial information. The results of the regression analysis show that firm size is positively related to the level of digital financial reporting. Hence, larger firms are more likely to exhibit a higher degree of digitalization. These findings have implications for the increased adoption of digital reporting among firms.


The utility model discloses a double sealing throttle valve used in pipe network for conveying low pressure, inflammable, explosive and toxic gas (liquid) such as coal gas, oxygen, chlorine gas and acetylene gas for industrial enterprises. The double sealing throttle valve is provided with double sealing between flashboard sealing and gas (vapor) sealing or liquid sealing, and the double sealing throttle valve is composed of a long flat outer shell, a screw rod with a wedge block at lower end, a flashboard with large regulating range, etc. The annular seal surface of the flashboard, an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe are all made of stainless steel, and the lower part of the valve is provided with a large cavity which is favorable for accumulating dirt. The utility model has the advantages of high reliability and long service life. The double sealing throttle valve can be used for blowing down and flushing the sealing surface without disassembly.


Climate change is an unavoidable issue in India because a large number of Indians live in geographically vulnerable areas periodically affected by climate-related extreme weather events. In India, climate change-related activities are primarily managed by the government, but civil society organizations (CSOs)1 are an integral part of policy formulation and implementation. India has a vibrant civil society working in various fields of environment and development, with a considerable emphasis on climate change–related issues. This


We evaluated the dielectric permittivity and relaxation in polymer composite films filled with ferroelectric ceramics. Such materials are currently being developed for power-ground decoupling in electronic circuits operating at microwave frequencies. In order to extend the measurements to the microwave range, we developed an appropriate expression for the input admittance of a thin film capacitance terminating a coaxial line. The theoretical model treats the capacitance as a distributed network and correlates the network scattering parameter with complex permittivity of the specimen. The method eliminates the systematic uncertainties of the lumped element approximations and is suitable for high frequency characterization of low impedance substrates with high value of the dielectric constant. The complex permittivity was measured at frequencies of 100 Hz to 10 GHz for films 100 /spl mu/m thick, having the dielectric constant of 4 to 40, and was fitted to a dielectric model expressed as a combination of Havriliak-Negami functions. An intrinsic high frequency relaxation process has been identified. It was found that the position of the loss peak depends on the relaxation of polymer matrix, while its magnitude is amplified by the permittivity of the ferroelectric component.


Static electricity is the introductory chapter to electricity in all high school and university Physics textbooks. The interpretations of static electricity phenomena are not obvious, even in higher education. This research was conducted to identify the major difficulties which pre-service primary teachers encounter in explaining static electricity. They conducted electrostatic experiments focused on different types of electricity, in the context of an Introductory Physics Laboratory Course. The data were collected through the reports they wrote at the end of the course. The qualitative content analysis method was used in order to analyze the data. The sample, which was a convenient one, consisted of 200 pre-service primary teachers, 170 females and 30 males. The analysis showed that pre-service primary teachers have considerable difficulty conceptualizing the microscopic processes – more specifically, charging by induction – that explain these phenomena. The different roles electrons play in conductors and insulators seemed to pose difficulties for pre-service primary teachers. The findings implied an emphasis on microscopic models during macroscopic experimental processes. This could help pre-service primary teachers to understand the role of electrons in conductors and insulators and the different mechanisms involved in different types of charging.
Keywords: conceptual difficulties, content analysis, static electricity.


For λ partition of m and A finite nonempty subset of a field we define the set of λ-restricted sums of m-tuples of elements of A, ∧ m λA, and using Additive Number Theory results from [J.A. Dias da Silva and Y.O. Hamidoune (1990). A note on the minimal polynomial of the Kronecker sum of two linear operators. Linear Algebra Appl., 141, 283-287; J.A. Dias da Silva and Y.O. Hamidoune (1994). Cyclic spaces for Grassmann derivatives and additive theory. Bull. London Math. Soc., 26, 140-146] we obtain a lower bound for its cardinality. Next, using results and techniques from [J.A. Dias da Silva and Y.O. Hamidoune (1990). A note on the minimal polynomial of the Kronecker sum of two linear operators. Linear Algebra Appl., 141, 283-287; J.A. Dias da Silva and Y.O. Hamidoune (1994). Cyclic spaces for Grassmann derivatives and additive theory. Bull. London Math. Soc., 26, 140-146] we obtain lower bounds for the degrees of minimal polynomials of restrictions of derivations to ranges of Young symmetrizers and to the symmetry class of tensors V λ, and we show that the lower bound for the cardinality of ∧ m λA can also be obtained from these lower bounds.


The mean rainfall along the east coasts of North America and Australia is shown to have decreased abruptly at the end of the 19th century, in conformity with results for the tropics obtained in an earlier paper. A simultaneous decrease of the rainfall in the semi-arid western parts of New South Wales also conforms to conditions in other dry regions such as Arabia. In terms of seasons, the change appears to have been largest in autumn and summer for North America and in autumn and spring for Australia. Reasons for this are discussed.

A sudden decrease of rainfall at the end of the last century may have occurred also in East Asia and on the east coast of South Africa though it was much less pronounced than in Australia and North America. In South America the amplitude of the change was large, but did not extend far south of the Equator.

Dynamic causes and possible implications for research into long-range forecasting are discussed in a concluding section.


Based on a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between coal consumption and the development of national economy,by using the methods of quantitative analysis,this paper has specially focused on calculating of dependent index,contribution rate and tons of coal economic benefits between China's economic and coal development.The results show that the national economic dependent index of coal has not changed fundamentally in last two decades,and the contribution rates of coal to both annual GDP amount and annual GDP increase are about 15% and 18% respectively during the "Eleventh Five-Year" period(2005-2010).


Objective – The preceding three years (2014, 2015, and 2016) saw a drop in the price of oil which has impacted all parts of Omani macroeconomic life. This study aims to identify the association between oil price changes and aggregate household consumption expenditure in the Sultanate by analyzing the long term relationship between the variables of interest.
Methodology/Technique – The (ARDL) Autoregressive Distributed Lag bound test of co-integration is used with 27 annual observations obtained between 1990 and 2016.
Findings – The statistical results show that there is a long term, positive relationship between the two variables.
Novelty – As Oman is heavily dependent on oil, any fluctuation in the price of oil will undoubtedly cause instability in the economy (macroeconomic variables) demonstrating the presence of a robust correlation between consumption and oil prices. The bound test of the ARDL approach demonstrates this relationship. This study is therefore useful for Muscat officials to identify ways to reduce the dependency on oil.
Type of Paper: Empirical

Keywords: Total Household Consumption Expenditure; Crude Oil Price; Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL); Omani Economy.

Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Abubakar El-Sidig A.A Mahdi. 2019. Impact of Crude Oil Price Changes on Household Consumption Expenditure in Oman (1990-2016), J. Bus. Econ. Review 4 (2): 97 – 104. https://doi.org/10.35609/jber.2019.4.2(4)

JEL Classification: D1, D13, D19, E30.


ABSTRACT: The professional environment in which accountants operate has, in recent years, become increasingly complex, leading to significant changes within the profession. Intensifying the need for this change are the pressures associated with the recent global financial crisis, changes in information and communication technology, and the continuous introduction of new accounting standards. Employers are calling for the increased development of "non-technical" skills, such as critical thinking and the ability to communicate and engage with clients, within current graduates in order to meet the needs of the evolving and dynamic profession (Kavanagh and Drennan 2008; Hancock et al. 2010). In order for this to occur, real integration of non-technical skills' development into the accounting curriculum needs to take place. This instructional case tries to achieve this, providing students with an opportunity to apply theoretical accounting concepts to the creation of their own business, while actively developi...


Nest predation is the most common source of nest failure in most passerines, yet the identity of the predators is generally poorly known. Recent advances in surveillance cameras have made the ident...


Agriculture, as one of the most important branch of economy, is supported more and more intensively with using information technologies. One of examples is database applications which support the owners' farm work. Due to using them, both farm profits can be maximized and the time of farm work can be reduced simultaneously. The survey research was conducted in 2014 in the district of Lomza and by people willingly given answers to a questionnaire online. The tested group covered 98 participants who are owners of their farms. Most of them have known database applications, a large group of tested people use applications to their every day work. The farmers who use database applications noticed the rise of their profits and were interested in getting more information on them.


Abstract The authors propose a high-performance 980 / 1550-nm wavelength multiplexer / demultiplexer based on the restricted-resonance self-imaging effect in a buried-type waveguide system. The device functions either as a multiplexer or a demultiplexer, depending upon the direction of light propagation. Using the modal propagation analysis (MPA), characteristics of the device are investigated. We carried out the design of the device and showed that the device performance can be optimized by appreciate selection of the coupler width. A demultiplexer with an insertion loss of 0.4 dB and contrast of 25.5 dB at wavelength 1550 nm and 32 dB at 980 nm is demonstrated.


This paper informs how T O D sets out to put ISO 9002 international quality system to work in its operations. A Quality Steering Council was formed in Feb. 1994 and the HSE and Quality M anagem ent M anager was appointed as m anagem ent representative. The current working system was first assessed. Next, an implementation plan was prepared. Training was provided and the quality m anual prepared followed by all the necessary work procedures and instructions. Finally there was trial implementation and actual "live" implementation. In January 1995 T O D ISO 9002 registration was


Decompose the control instructions from notifications data plays an important role in the field of security and so on.XML technology provides perfect solution for this.Introduces the realization process of how to get the operation instructions from notifications data throughout transformation rules and converter(XSLT),researchs on the input interfaces design,data items description with XML language,the design of transformation rules'universal framework and converter of instructions decomposition.This method has been proved by applying that it not only can greatly simplify the sofeware development,but also can adapt to all kinds of complicated instruction decomposition,it has great application value.


The invention discloses a celery vermicelli with fat reducing and weight losing effects and a processing method of the celery vermicelli. The celery vermicelli with the fat reducing and weight losing effects is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 to 100 parts of konjac refined flour, 15 to 25 parts of acorn starch, 10 to 20 parts of lotus root starch, 60 to 80 parts of celery, 12 to 16 parts of L.lucidus turcz, 10 to 20 parts of sedum aizoon, 40 to 60 parts of oat, 10 to 12 parts of basil seeds, 15 to 20 parts of white gourd, 6 to 10 parts of hawthorn, 10 to 15 parts of burdock root, 1 to 3 parts of bergamot leaves, 3 to 5 parts of semen cassiae, 2 to 4 parts of chrysanthemum, 1 to 2 parts of eucommia leaves, to 2 parts of weight losing fruit, 1 to 2 parts of camellia pollen, and 6 to 8 parts of nutritional additives. The celery vermicelli with the fat reducing and weight losing effects, prepared by the processing method, is added with a plurality of components which are rich in dietary fibers; the nutrition structure is balance; meanwhile, active ingredients with the functions of invigorating spleen to promote digestion, lubricating the intestines, relaxing bowel, reducing fat, reducing blood fat and the like are added, so that the metabolic function of a body is enhanced; the physical conditions of the crowd with hyperlipidemia and obesity are effectively improved; the effects of reducing fat and losing weight are achieved.


In this work, the effectiveness of a biodegradable modified pine rosin (Amberyl MP-30 (A-30)), is evaluated as compatibilizer or coupling agent to substitute resorcinol (which is toxic and non-biodegradable) in elastomeric formulations. Their mechanical properties are compared vs formulations containing resorcinol-hexamethylenetetramine (R-HMT) in: a) styrene–butadiene elastomers (SBRs), and: b) SBR composites reinforced with discarded agave fibers. For the comparison as compatibilizer, equivalent formulations containing resorcinol or A-30 are prepared. Likewise, for the equivalent composites comparison, the coupling agent (R-HMT or A-30) and sulfur amount as crosslinking agent (2,5 parts per 100 rubber (phr), 7,5 phr or 15 parts per 100 phr) are varied. The Tensile tests at room temperature, and the mechanodynamic analysis using sweeps of temperature (from 70 °C to 40 °C) and frequency (from 0,4 Hz to 40 Hz), allowed the observation of moduli improvements (up to 74 % in Young modulus) and deformation capacity (up to 260 %) for the materials with A-30 over the materials where resorcinol was used. The better performance as compatibilizer or coupling agent of the A-30 was also shown with clarity in the morphological characterization, showing higher compacity in the formulated polymer matrix, and higher closeness between matrix and fibers, comparing with fractured samples using R-HMT. It has been shown here, that formulating rubbers or elastomeric composites with A-30 and HMT, can successfully substitute the R-HMT pair, because it works better as compatibilizer or coupling agent and is biodegradable. Agents of natural origin like this one, have a great potential to contribute to the development of elastomers and flexible composites that are environmentally friendly.


The fbps gene(GenBank accession No.AY56303),encoding fibronectin-and fibrinogen-binding protein(FBPS),was amplified from genomic DNA of Streptococcus suis type 2 Jiangsu isolate HA9801 by PCR.Recombinant plasmid pMD-T-fbps was constucted into the clone vector pMDT-18 by cloning PCR product.The recombinant fragment of pMD-T-fbps was verified by restriction endonuclease analysis and sequencing.Then the fbps fragment was digested with BamHⅠand HindⅢ from pMD-T-fbps and inserted into pET-32a(+)to construct expression plasmid pfbps.It showed that recombinant FBPS expressed by recombinant plasmid pfbps could bind human fibronectin by ligand affinity Western blotting assay.


CONTENTS §0. Introduction0.1. Problem of approximation0.2. The space 0.3. The space 0.4. The space §1. Preliminary results1.1. Systems of DEs with surjective symbol1.2. Criteria for solubility of a system of DEs with surjective symbol in terms of convexity of supports1.3. Uniqueness condition for the Cauchy problem in the small and topological conditions for solubility of a system of DEs with surjective symbol1.4. Theorem on the existence of a right fundamental solution for a system of DEs with surjective symbol §2. Coarse results on approximation on compact sets by solutions of a system of DEs with surjective symbol2.1. A Runge theorem for solutions of a system of DEs with surjective symbol2.2. Approximation of finitely smooth solutions by infinitely differentiable solutions2.3. Approximation by linear combinations of fundamental matrices2.4. Localization property for the problem of approximation on compact sets by solutions of a system of DEs with surjective symbol §3. Approximation in spaces of smooth sections3.1. Approximation in spaces of sections with smoothness no less than the order of the system of DEs3.2. Approximation on the closure of a domain with a strong cone condition3.3. Approximation on nowhere dense compact sets3.4. Capacity criteria of Vitushkin type for approximation in spaces of smooth sections §4. Approximation in spaces of Holder sections4.1. Approximation in spaces of Holder sections with smoothness no less than the order of the system of DEs4.2. Reduction of the problem of approximation in spaces of Holder sections with smoothness less than the order of the system of DEs to the problem of denseness of sections of compact support in conjugate spaces4.3. Approximation criteria in terms of Hausdorff content4.4. Capacity criteria of Vitushkin type for approximation in spaces of Holder sections §5. Approximation in spaces of Sobolev sections5.1. Approximation in spaces of Sobolev sections with smoothness no less than the order of the system of DEs5.2. Reduction of the problem of approximation in spaces of Sobolev sections with smoothness less than the order of the system of DEs to the problem of denseness of sections of compact support in conjugate spaces5.3. Approximation criteria in terms of -capacity5.4. Capacity criteria of Vitushkin type for approximation in spaces of Sobolev sectionsReferences


The typical egoist is someone self-centered, commited to his own interest and determinated to promote his/her own good even beyond the morally permissible. Ethical egoism is a philosophical position that tries to justify the view that people ought to do what is in their own self-interest. This paper provides a philosophical argument against rational and ethical egoism trough the analysis of the prisoner dilemma. The aim is to show that the rational and ethical egoism are unattainaible and irreconcilable moral positions.


Abstract A method is described for constructing the minimal projective resolution of an algebra considered as a bimodule over itself. The method applies to an algebra presented as the quotient of a tensor algebra over a separable algebra by an ideal of relations that is either homogeneous or admissible (with some additional finiteness restrictions in the latter case). In particular, it applies to any finite-dimensional algebra over an algebraically closed field. The method is illustrated by a number of examples, viz. truncated algebras, monomial algebras, and Koszul algebras, with the aim of unifying existing treatments of these in the literature.


The time has come to pass the torch and move on. For the past six years, this job has been simultaneously humbling, time consuming, frustrating at times, and requiring attention to detail (sometimes too much), but it has always been fun (even on the bad days). During our stewardship, we have always


The present invention discloses a Bluetooth telephone terminal and a communication method. A Bluetooth unit receives and transmits Bluetooth communication signals and processes Bluetooth communication signals. A human-computer interface unit inputs and outputs human-computer interaction information. A processor unit is connected with the Bluetooth unit and the human-computer interface to input Bluetooth communications signals through the Bluetooth unit or output Bluetooth communications signals to the Bluetooth unit, process Bluetooth protocol of the Bluetooth communication signals, and input human-computer interaction information through the Bluetooth unit or output human-computer interaction information to the human-interface interface unit and process the human-computer interaction information. In addition, the processor unit exchanges Bluetooth communication signals with human-interface interaction information. The Bluetooth unit supports the Bluetooth telephone terminal to communicate with Bluetooth cordless telephone gateways, equipments integrating Bluetooth or other Bluetooth telephone terminals through the Bluetooth protocol.


In light of NCLB and the emphasis for the government to improve student performance, a quick, agile and competent mind, functioning with high cognitive abilities, is the aim in education. And if through Foreign Language instruction we can bolster reading abilities, the basis of all academic achievement. The aim of this essay is to analyze the cost and value of early foreign language instruction and promote, advance, and garner support and understanding about the need for early foreign language study.


Prickly pear (Opuntia spp.), a member of the family Cactaceae, thrives in low annual rainfall countries. Besides being consumed as food or beverages, the plant is appreciated for its anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiviral and anti-oxidant properties. This study was carried out to molecularly characterize two prickly pear cultivars (Red Toti and Yellow Shafawi), growing in Shafa region of Taif, KSA. Twelve 10-mer primers were used to amplify DNA by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) PCR. Out of the RAPD primers used, 7 primers were found useful for distinguishing the two cultivars. The different RAPD primers produced a total of 71 amplicons (110 bp to 2500 bp in size), of which 23 were polymorphic among the two studied cultivars. The genetic similarity between the two cultivars was 43% based on Jaccard's coefficient. Biclustering of RAPD profiles and RAPD amplicons improved the display of the RAPD markers. Certain RAPD markers identified in this study might be associated with the biochemical and morphological traits that distinguish Red Toti and Yellow Shafawi cultivars. [Mohamed. A. Nagaty and Mahmoud M. Rifaat. Investigation of the genetic diversity of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) cultivars in Taif by using RAPD-PCR. Journal of American Science 2012; 8(4): 353-357]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.americanscience.org.47


High-k/SiGe interface control for low interface state density (Dit) is one of the most critical issues for realizing SiGe-based MOSFETs. Among various SiGe MOS interlayers (ILs), oxide IL passivation performed by low-temperature ozone oxidation is one of the most promising methods. In this study, we have examined the interfacial chemical structures and the electrical properties of the Al2O3/IL/SiGe gate stacks fabricated under various ozone oxidation conditions. It is experimentally found that Dit values vary with two factors, one is the SiOx thickness and the other is the ratio of Si4+ component in SiOx. The increase in the SiOx thickness causes more Ge atoms to accumulate at the IL/SiGe interface, which means more Ge dangling bonds at the interface and higher Dit in the band gap. Conversely, the increase in the ratio of Si4+ component in SiOx leads to a decrease in Dit. Based on the perturbation theory of quantum mechanisms, this phenomenon may be explained by the remote coulomb potential perturbation arising from high-oxidation-state Si atoms.


Simple Summary Mythimna separata living in the environment with high population density show characteristics of melanization and overeating and cause serious damage to crops. In order to explore the impact of population density on M. separata, we studied the gene expression and metabolite accumulation of M. separata under different population densities through transcriptome and metabolome analysis. The results showed that the insulin-like signaling pathway influences the phase change of M. separata. Compared with solitary M. separata, the gregarious type had a faster energy consumption rate and stronger protein digestion and absorption capacity, while the transcription and translation processes were inhibited. This study explains the molecular mechanism of the phase change and the overeating behavior of M. separata under high population density. Abstract Population-density-dependent polymorphism is important in the biology of some agricultural pests. The oriental armyworm (Mythimna separata) is a lepidopteran pest (family Noctuidae). As the population density increases, its body color becomes darker, and the insect eats more and causes greater damage to crops. The molecular mechanisms underlying this phase change are not fully clear. Here, we used transcriptomic and metabolomic methods to study the effect of population density on the differentiation of second-day sixth instar M. separata larvae. The transcriptomic analysis identified 1148 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in gregarious-type (i.e., high-population-density) armyworms compared with solitary-type (low-population-density) armyworms; 481 and 667 genes were up- and downregulated, respectively. The metabolomic analysis identified 137 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), including 59 upregulated and 78 downregulated. The analysis of DEGs and DAMs showed that activation of the insulin-like signaling pathway promotes the melanization of gregarious armyworms and accelerates the decomposition of saccharides, which promotes the gregarious type to take in more food. The gregarious type is more capable of digesting and absorbing proteins and decreases energy consumption by inhibiting transcription and translation processes. The phase change traits of the armyworm are thus attributable to plasticity of its energy metabolism. These data broaden our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of insect-density-dependent polymorphism.


The international literature reveals discrepancies regarding experimental and epidemiological evidence on the disabling role of blood alcohol concentration less than 50 mg per 100 mL, and variation is more pronounced in the case of subjects with different metabolisms. To obtain experimental evidence, the effects of low BACs on driving ability were investigated using 16 alcohol tolerating and non tolerating healthy volunteers, whose mean intake of ethyl alcohol was less than 0.5 and more than 1.5 g per kg per week. Neuropsychomotor functions were examined by correlation of GLC-HS serial dosages of ethyl alcohol in blood and saliva and computerized tests administered 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after intake of lorazepam, alcohol or placebo. The tests explored various functions such as cerebral activation, eye-hand coordination, short-term serial memory, vigilance and discrimination of deviant stimuli. Results showed: alteration of some neuro-psychomotor functions which are important for driving, in both sample groups; significant functional variations between subjects tolerating and not tolerating ethyl alcohol; and good correlation of blood and saliva levels of ethyl alcohol. (a) For the record of the covering entry of this conference, please see IRRD abstract no 868581.


His analysis leads him to conclude that most seriations published to date do not conform strictly to the requirements of the model, although there can be little doubt that all reasonably well executed seriations are greatly chronological and some may be so in detail (1970 : 317). Few seriations as a means of arriving at a chronology have been attempted in Polynesia, the two best known examples being Poulsen's (1967) use of the technique with decorated potsherds to order the excavation units in Tongatapu and Sinoto's (Emory, Bonk and Sinoto, 1959 ; Sinoto, 1962) use of features of fishhooks to order the excavation units in three sites in the South Point area of the main island of Hawaii. A careful reading of DunnelTs article convinces me that probably in neither instance does the seriation fully meet the conditions which would justify the authors' inferring that the results form a chronology. However, the recent publication by Emory and Sinoto (1969) of the radiocarbon age estimates from the three sites in question in Hawaii does enable one to demonstrate that although the seriation is not a chronology an understanding of why provides a basis for additional confidence in their revised sequence. Classes in DunnelTs discussion of seriation are the features or combination of


PURPOSE: A multi Liquid Crystal Displayer(LCD) is provided to form an image without an interval by using a highly bright LCD, an optical viewing angle LCD and plural LCDs by realizing the lighting device with excellent efficiency of light and with high collimating property. CONSTITUTION: A collimator(11) is arranged on the side surface of a lighting body(20) formed by transparent acryl resin as a collimating instrument in a lighting instrument(10). The lighting instrument contains one end part having a fluorescent lamp of cold cathode and a reflective plate(41) for covering the fluorescent lamp and the projecting side of the lighting body with converter(30) of polarized light. Herein, a tube with diameter for 2.2mm and length for 292.5mm is used for a light source(40). A cylindrical reflective plate is used for the reflective plate to surround the fluorescent lamp and the material with refractive rate for 1.49 and size for 292.5mmX21.5mmX12.4mm is used for the light body. Herein, the rear surface of lighting body is formed for emitting the light from the collimator as a band shape according to the pitch of the converter of the polarized light.


Abstract : The Army is and will remain the largest user among the Services of Space-based capabilities. The Interim and Legacy forces already leverage overhead constellations of military and civilian Space platforms for intelligence, communications, attack warning, weather and position, timing, and navigation. The Objective Force will exploit the full potential of these systems. Operational simultaneity, situational understanding, precise and tactically responsive intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance, and assured communications are implicit in the Objective Force Operational Concept, and will depend on successful mid- and far-term development of overhead architectures, systems and platforms. The Objective Force will also rely heavily on the Joint Force's ability to assure our access to Space resources while denying them to the enemy.


The invention relates to the set-top box field, especially to a test method of a set-top box and a test system thereof. The method comprises the following steps that: a configuration file is stored in a PC machine in advance, wherein the configuration file includes a plurality of control commands and each control command corresponds to one test item, and the PC machine generates a test interface including a plurality of test items; after a user selects a test item that needs to be tested on the test interface, the PC machine finds a selected control command in the configuration file according to the test item selected by the user and sends the selected control command to a set-top box; the set-top box tests a corresponding test item according to the selected control command; and after the test by the set-top box is completed, the result is generated into a log that is then stored in the set-top box; and meanwhile, the log is sent to the PC machine for storage. According to the invention, test interface software is developed on a PC machine and matched test execution software is developed on a set-top box; the software code scale is small; and besides, characteristics of simpleness, easiness of maintenance, easiness of operation and high portability are realized.


The main goal of information retrieval is getting the most relevant documents to a user's query. So, a search engine must not only understand the meaning of each keyword in the query but also their relative senses in the context of the query. Discovering the query meaning is a comprehensive and evolutionary process; the precise meaning of the query is established as developing the association between concepts. The meaning determination process is modeled by a dynamic system operating in the semantic space of WordNet. To capture the meaning of a user query, the original query is reformulating into candidate queries by combining the concepts and their synonyms. A semantic score characterizing the overall meaning of such queries is calculated, the one with the highest score was used to perform the search. The results confirm that the proposed "Query Sense Discovery" approach provides a significant improvement in several performance measures.


Objective To investigate the association of two polymorphisms (codon 416 and codon 420) in the DBP gene and multiple sclerosis(MS) in Han people of Shandong province. Methods The case-control study involving 46 patients with clinically determined multiple sclerosis (MS) and 43 healthy controls. DBP gene polymorphisms at codon 416 (digested by Hae Ⅲ) and 420 (digested by styⅠ) were determined by polymerase chain reaction with the following restriction analysis of ampliaticfions. Result There was no significant distinctions of genotypes frequencies and allele frequencies between control group and the patients with multiple sclerosis. Conclusion DBP gene polymorphism is not associated with risk of development of multiple sclerosis in Han people of Shandong Province.


An abnormality detection device is mounted on an engine control device that calculates a target load factor by using a target torque, converts the target load factor to a target throttle opening, calculates a target ignition timing by using a target efficiency, and controls an engine based on the target throttle opening and the target ignition timing. In the abnormality detection device, a target efficiency for monitoring is calculated by using the target ignition timing, a target torque for monitoring is calculated by using the target efficiency for monitoring and the target load factor, a torque deviation between the target torque for monitoring and the target torque is calculated, and the presence or absence of an abnormality is detected by using the torque deviation.


Three-dimensional survey of irregular, as well as regular solids has recently received significant attention from the scientific community due to its wide range of applications, including topics in agricultural engineering as plant-machine mechanical relationship. The pertinent literature discloses several methods and techniques to carry out threedimensional measurements associated to a wide variety of cases. Moiré techniques are included in a group of noncontact and non-destructive methods based on the Moiré phenomena which generate optical fringes onto the tested body surface. Moiré methods require simple and low cost experimental setup, yielding accurate results when compared to other measuring systems. This work was focused on the projection Moiré technique with phase shift, employing two types of optical grids named Ronchi and a sinusoidal one. Metrological errors of tested techniques as compared with the Moiré method have been determined as well. This work demonstrated the best performance of grid frequency variation through several experiments applied to irregular solids shape determination as fruits. Body volumes were compared with conventional techniques as water immersion; meanwhile linear measures were compared with reading caliper results. The application of free software such as ImageJ, RisingSun Moire, Scilab / SIP and routines was considered very useful to reach the final results.


Soybean producers need to know the loss associated with sprayer tire damage to fully determine the cost and benefit of reproductive-stage pest management strategies. Experiments were conducted to determine the yield loss resulting from wheel traffic applied at the R4-stage to full-season and double-crop soybean planted in three row spacings. Wheel traffic reduced yield when planted in 7.5- and 15-inch row spacing. Traffic did not reduce yield of soybean planted in wider rows, but non-irrigated soybean planted in 36-inch row spacing yielded equal to or less than trafficked soybean planted in narrow rows. Drilled soybean tended to compensate for damaged rows better than 15-inch soybean, but only when environmental conditions were conducive for compensation. Water stress during the time of traffic treatment reduced soybean's ability to compensate for damaged rows. When prorated to 45- to 120-ft booms, yield loss ranged from 6.4 to 1.0%. These data provide information that can be used to refine reproductive-stage pest management decisions in soybean.


Cell voltages within a battery pack and a voltage delivered to a load or drive system, along with a current delivered to the system, are monitored and used to detect a possible abnormal condition of a wiring harness.


Preface 1. The history of historiography: 2. The rise of the German historical school 3. Lord Acton and the nineteenth-century historical movement 4. Ranke and the conception of 'general history' 5. The reconstruction of an historical episode: the history of the enquiry into the origins of the Seven Years War 6. Lord Acton and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew Appendices.


Based on the field reflectance spectra of urban typical objects,this study tries to find the fine spectral-resolution for detailed mapping of urban objects based on their spectral signal.Correlation coefficient matrix and clustering is applied to obtain potential spectral windows.Finally,the range from 400 to 900nm is divided to 25,50 and 100 bands,three kinds of spectral resolution.Entropy evaluation and classification using neural network show that separation can be mostly guaranteed on new spectrum resampled by 25 bands.It is also find that the divisions of 50 and 100 bands are better than the usual high spectral bands.So it proves the bands-division method is rational.As a result,the division of 25 bands is suggested to reduce spectral dimension of hyperspectral urban remote sensing.


The purpose of this research was to determine if enzymes could be utilised to increase the strength and stability of soil mixed with fly ash. Samples were prepared with and without the enzyme by varying the percentages of fly ash in the soil-fly ash mixture and subjected to unconfined compression test, freeze thaw test and compaction test. The results indicated that addition of very small amount of enzyme (about 5%) increased the unconfined compression strength significantly. The UC strengths of enzyme stabilized soil-fly ash mixture was found to be higher than the UC strengths of lime stabilized soil and gained higher strengths earlier. Enzyme stabilized soil-fly ash mixture was found to be as stable as the lime stabilized soil-fly ash mixture under freeze- thaw cycles. No change in the compaction characteristics of soil-fly ash mixture was observed because of the enzyme. For the covering abstract see IRRD 863991.


The extent of India's regional disparities has been an issue since many decades, and this concern has been partly motivated by a desire to alleviate poverty (Datt and Ravallion, 1996). Agriculture remains an important feature of the economic, cultural and political landscape in India. Orissa is one of the poorest states in India. Over the last four decades, there has been stagnation in agriculture in Orissa. During the period 1991 to 2008 the growth rate of agriculture in Orissa is lower than all-India. Orissa agriculture is highly concentrated in low productive and high water consuming paddy cultivation with little diversification towards pulses, oilseeds and other high value crops (HVCs: included sugarcane, fruits and vegetables etc., which fetch higher net returns). It is also characterized by low use of fertilizer, energy and irrigation per unit area compared to other states. There is a need for increase in area under certified seed, irrigation and other productivity-enhancing inputs to increase farmers' income in all crops. There are perceptible regional disparities with the Coastal Plain having a distinct advantage in agricultural production compared to the Central Table Land region, Northern Plateau and Eastern Ghats regions as better initial socio-economic conditions in the Coastal plains in 1971 are having positive influence in growth in later years. Significant income gains are possible through crop diversification from paddy to pulses, oilseeds and HVCs in upland rain fed areas in kharif (rainy) season, if proper drainage, institutional and policy support is provided in Eastern Ghats and Northern Plateau of Orissa.


The objective of this study was to identify and determine the prevalence of tick species infesting sheep in some areas of Thamar governorate, Yemen. A total of 392 indigenous sheep breeds of either sex and different age were randomly selected and examined for presence of ticks using standard parasitological techniques from December, 2010 to May, 2011. The results revealed that the overall prevalence of tick infestations on sheep was 43.37 %. Of total 875 ticks collected, Seven species of ixodid ticks were identified. The species on hierarchy of overall prevalence abundance were Rhipicephalus sanguineus (13.01%), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus (9.69%), Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (5.87 %), Hyalomma marginatum (4.59 %), Amblyomma variegatum (4.34%), Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus (3.06%), Haemaphysalis sulcata (2.04%). Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) decoloratus species is recorded for first time in Thamar governorate and Yemen as well as. Statistically, there was significance difference (P


Gempolsari Village, Sidoarjo (East Java, Indonesia) is one area that is always flooded annually; thus, people in the region have a high level of resilience. The level of resilience is fundamental for victims to be able to live normally as before the disaster came, which is influenced
 by several factors, one of which is a protective factor. This study aims to determine the relationship between protective factors and community resilience in dealing the flood disaster. This research was conducted in Gempolsari Village, Sidoarjo (East Java, Indonesia). This study used quantitative
 descriptive as the research design with cross sectional approach. This study used Probability Sampling as sampling technique in the form of Sampling Fraction Per Cluster. The sample used was 91 respondents. This study used two variables: protective factors as independent variables and community
 resilience to face flood as the dependent variable. The data collection process was carried out using a questionnaire, then data was analyzed using the Spearman Rho test (α ≤ 0,05). The results showed that a significant relationship (p = 0.05) between protective factors
 and the level of community resilience in dealing with flood was found, where the protective factor that has the strongest relationship was impulse control (r = 0.527). A high protective factor could increase the level of community resilience to face flood disasters, because the level
 of resilience was influenced by the level of protective factors owned by the community.


Short-term nutrient bioassays can be used to assess labile nutrient availability in soils. These bioassays rely on a high number of plants and small soil volumes to exploit labile soil resources rapidly and assess potential nutrient deficiency. A comparison of the Neubauer bioassay with conventional pot trial assessment of P and S availability in a Yellow Kurosol was undertaken. Changes in labile soil nutrients and enzyme activity after bioassay assessment were also measured. The Neubauer bioassay was able to detect increased labile P availability following P fertiliser application to the soil. This corresponded with response to added P in a longer-term pot trial using maize. As expected, phosphatase activity increased following the bioassay and labile P was depleted by the plants. However, although a longer-term pot trial demonstrated the Yellow Kurosol was responsive to S fertilisation, labile S pools were sufficiently large that the short-term Neubauer bioassay detected no difference in S availability to plants. Both soil sulphatase activity and labile soil S were elevated following the bioassay. The short period of contact between the roots of the bioassay and the soil may have limited S uptake and therefore the ability of the bioassay to identify a S responsive soil. When using bioassay techniques to assess labile nutrient availability, it is critical that the size of the labile nutrient pool present be considered for each element, and that the period of contact between the bioassay and soil being tested is long enough for plant uptake to lower the nutrient supply to a level that limits further uptake.


Monetary historians have contended that Free Silver advocates were inflationists seeking debt reduction. We offer an alternative interpretation using a theory of money demand with differential returns on nominal units and a nonoptimum nominal money stock. Our explanation is more logically appealing and more consistent with contemporary evidence. The restrictive coinage laws of the period produced chronic shortages, and our empirical analysis provides clear evidence of these shortages. A shortage of coins valued at a half-day's wage and less, raised transactions costs, produced hardship and spawned protest.


The reactivity of Xe is important in both fundamental chemistry and geological science. The discovery of the reductive reactivity of Xe extended the doctrinal boundary of chemistry for which a completed shell is inert to reaction. The oxidation of Xe by various elements has been explored. On the other hand, the opposite chemical inclination, i.e., gaining electrons and forming anions, has not been thoroughly studied for Xe or other noble-gas elements. In this work, we demonstrate, using first-principles calculations and an efficient structure prediction method, that Xe can form stable compounds under high pressure. These compounds are intermetallic and Xe are negatively charged. The stability of these compounds indicates that atoms or ions with completely filled shell may still gain electrons in chemical reactions.


-The baetid mayfly genus Falkceon is currently known from Central America, the Greater Antilles, Mexico, and the United States, and includes eleven nominal species: F. al carrazae, new combination, F. eatoni, F. fortipalpus, new species, F. garcianus, F. longifolius, new combination, F. nikitai, F. planifrons, new combination, F. poeyi, F.quilleri, F. sextus, new combination, and F. testudineus, new combination. Larvae belonging to the genus include species with consistent mouthpart morphology but variable with respect to development of a cephalic frontal keel and subapical tarsal claw setae. Caribaetis, originally considered a Cuban subgenus of Baetis, is shown to be a synonym of Fallceon. Baetis sonora is shown to be a synonym of Fallceon quilleri. Fallceonfortipalpus is described from the egg and larval stages. Larvae of F. longifolius, F. planifrons, and F. quilleri are redescribed, and the egg of F. quilleri is described for the first time. Fallceon longifolius is reported from continental North America (Mexico) for the first time. A key to the known larvae of Fallceon is provided. When originally described by Waltz and McCafferty (1987), the genus Fallceon included F. quilleri (Dodds) (type species) from Colorado (USA), F. eatoni (Kimmins) from Sonora (Mexico), F. buenoi (Allen) from San Luis Potosi (Mexico), and F. byblis (Allen and Murvosh) from Baja California Norte (Mexico). Later, McCafferty and Waltz (1990) added F. garcianus (Traver) from Puerto Rico and F. poeyi (Eaton) from Cuba, and synonymized F. buenoi, F. byblis, and F. eatoni with F. quilleri. All of the above species had been previously included in the genus Baetis Leach. McCaf ferty et al. (1992), in their study of the biogeography of the Panamerican mayfly genera, showed that the historical affinities of Fallceon were Neotropical. Kluge (1992a, b) described an additional five species from Cuba under the genus Baetis that have proven to be Fallceon (see below). More recently, McCafferty and Lugo Ortiz (1994) studied the syntypes ofF. poeyi, and reconfirmed McCafferty and Waltz's (1 990) placement of this species under Fallceon. In addition, McCafferty and Lugo Ortiz (1994) showed that Cuban material identified by Kluge (1992b) as F. poeyi was actually a distinct new species, F. nikitai McCafferty and Lugo-Ortiz, and they reinstated F. eatoni as a valid species. In the present study, we provide new information applicable to Fallceon resulting from our study of new collections of larvae from Central America, the Greater Antilles, Mexico, and the United States. Although not a comprehensive revision of Fallceon, we do include here a discussion of the genus, the description of a new species, and larval redescriptions of certain species, and synoptic discussions of all species known as larvae. In addition, we provide a first key to species based on larvae. Institutions housing the material examined in this study and their abbreviations are This content downloaded from 126.96.36.199 on Thu, 06 Oct 2016 04:45:29 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 1994 TAXONOMY OF FALLCEON 461 as follows: California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco (CAS); Colorado State University, Fort Collins (CSU); Cornell University, Ithaca, New York (CU); Florida AM Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign (INHS); Instituto de Ecologia, A. C., Veracruz, Mexico (IEAC); and the Purdue Entomological Research Collection, West Lafayette, Indiana (PERC).


A statistical survey of electron pitch angle distributions (PADs) is performed based on the pitch angle‐resolved flux observations from the Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) instrument on board the Van Allen Probes during the period from 1 October 2012 to 1 May 2015. By fitting the measured PADs to a sinnα form, where α is the local pitch angle and n is the power law index, we investigate the dependence of PADs on electron kinetic energy, magnetic local time (MLT), the geomagnetic Kp index, and L shell. The difference in electron PADs between the inner and outer belt is distinct. In the outer belt, the common averaged n values are less than 1.5, except for large values of the Kp index and high electron energies. The averaged n values vary considerably with MLT, with a peak in the afternoon sector and an increase with increasing L shell. In the inner belt, the averaged n values are much larger, with a common value greater than 2. The PADs show a slight dependence on MLT, with a weak maximum at noon. A distinct region with steep PADs lies in the outer edge of the inner belt where the electron flux is relatively low. The distance between the inner and outer belt and the intensity of the geomagnetic activity together determine the variation of PADs in the inner belt. Besides being dependent on electron energy, magnetic activity, and L shell, the results show a clear dependence on MLT, with higher n values on the dayside.


Based on the practice of fishery technology training for many years,this paper introduced how to make the PPT courseware by self that aquaculture multi curriculum applied to train,put forward its attention points,according to the requirements of the new farmer technical training.


Regional issues, by their nature and content, vary widely from one country to another, being the result of specific conditions and factors that characterize each state. As a result, their resolution, in addition to common elements, has many features, both in terms of regional policy objectives, organizational means and spatial structure, zoning and / or regionalization of territory, to create the framework necessary to materialize and implement these objectives .Regional development policy is one of the most important policies of the European Union. At the same time, this socio-economic cohesion policy is one of the most complex in the whole spectrum of Community policies as it interacts with a number of sectoral areas such as agriculture, transport, economic development, environmental protection, employment and vocational training , equal opportunities and gender Thus, regional development policy is indispensable for the achievement of the Union's constitution and activity objectives.Cohesion policy (Dragan G., 2003) includes both regional policy (geared to reducing territorial disparities, regenerating declining industrial areas, providing rural development assistance), social policy issues (such as combating long-term unemployment and supporting the process education and lifelong learning) as well as a part of the common agricultural policy (rural development assistance).Article 174 (ex Article 158 TEC) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (consolidated version) refers to the harmonious development of the whole of the Union, which is achieved through its actions designed to strengthen its economic, social and territorial cohesion, in particular, to reduce disparities between the levels of development of the various regions and the backwardness of disadvantaged regions, including rural areas.


With the development of social economy and demand for higher talents, the requirement about society for marketing professional talent has been higher and systematic. Nowadays, more and more enterprises tend to not only understand marketing personnel master of marketing knowledge, but also learn to how to apply the theoretical knowledge to practice. "TCSA" teaching mode by integrating theory with practice teaching method can be better to let the student understand the theoretical knowledge through the form such as case teaching, simulation teaching into practice. This paper, taking the curriculum as an example, the marketing management discipline in the years of teaching practice, researches the "TCSA" teaching model in the marketing course, the construction of a comprehensive teaching mode, and discusses its effect in the practice of teaching.


Ernest Gold wrote these words in his paper `̀ Meteorology and aviation'' (1919), and he felt strongly that the rapid development of a non-scientific meteorological service ought to act as a warning to legitimate scientific enterprise. At the beginning of the twentieth century Napier Shaw reported that none of the members of the staff of the Meteorological Office possessed any preliminary scientific training, but Gold was among the earliest recruits who was qualified for his duties. Gold was born in 1881, the son of a farmer, and he came from a large Warwickshire family. His early education was at Coleshill Grammar School and Mason's College, Birmingham. He entered St. John's College, Cambridge, became the 3rd Wrangler in 1903, and took the Natural Sciences Tripos the following year. Gold entered the Meteorological Office in June 1906, and was appointed Superintendent of Instruments, an appointment which heralded his preoccupation with practical affairs. Shortly afterwards he was elected a fellow of his college at Cambridge, although he remained with the Office. The following year, however, he was appointed Schuster Reader in Dynamical Meteorology and returned to Cambridge for three years. This post afforded him the chance to apply a fresh scientific mind to basic problems, and during this period he carried out his investigation into the radiative equilibrium in the stratosphere and produced the first scientific explanation of its isothermal condition. His paper in the Proceedings of the Royal Society is regarded as one of the classics of meteorology, and was probably largely instrumental in securing his election as a Fellow of the Royal Society a few years later (Sutcliffe 1976). Gold's main interests and his formal responsibilities were in the mainstream of synoptic meteorology and weather forecasting. His `̀ Barometric gradient and wind force'' (Gold 1908) gave, in David Brunt's words, `̀ The first detailed comparison of the gradient wind and the observed wind'' . In 1912 Gold's dissertation on `̀ The international kite and balloon ascents'' (Gold 1912) won a first prize awarded by the German Meteorological Society. After his return to the Office in 1910, Gold held the post of Superintendent of Statistics, which covered what is now termed climatology. He was elected as a Vice-President of the Royal Meteorological Society from 1913 to 1915. In June 1915, at the request of the DirectorGeneral of Military Aeronautics, the Meteorological Section, RE, was set up by the Meteorological Office to act as Meteorological Advisers to the General Staff, to supply all meteorological information required by the Royal Flying Corps, and to furnish regular reports required for the correction of range in artillery operations and meteorological reports and forecasts for offensive and defensive gas


This study investigates the relationship between organizational openness, relative performance information (RPI), and employee performance. Firms are increasingly transitioning from closed workplaces to more open environments that increase employees' knowledge about their co-workers' actions. We investigate whether an open workplace can improve employee performance by leading employees to choose better strategies to perform their tasks. Further, we also examine whether the speed with which the benefits of openness are realized depend upon the type of performance feedback employees receive. We predict and find that openness can significantly increase employees' propensity to choose better-performing strategies but that it takes time for this to occur. Importantly, we also predict and find that this time can be reduced if employees receive RPI that reveals their co-workers' performance because this helps employees to identify better-performing strategies more quickly. Thus, our study suggests that the effect of organizational openness on employees' job performance depends upon the type of performance feedback they receive. We discuss this and several other implications of our results.


Ultrastructural studies have been carried out on biopsies of 84 breast cancers, 13 metastatic lymph nodes, 3 fibroadenomas, and on cells from 33 pleural effusions from breast cancer patients. Breast tumor tissues of 157 patients and pleural effusion cells of 36 patients have been put in tissue culture. Growth has been obtained of cells derived from 47% of the breast tumor biopsies and from 90% of the pleural effusions. However, no cell line could be established. Milk specimens of 4 women with breast cancer and of 17 apparently healthy women also have been examined for the presence of virus particles. Particles resembling murine type B and/or type C virus particles and small virus‐like particles have been observed in a number of specimens. Particles resembling type B and/or type C virus particles have been found in 34 of the 100 breast tumor, metastatic lymph node, and fibroadenoma biopsies. They also have been observed in 2 of 33 specimens of pleural effusions, in 4 of 72 tissue culture specimens, and in 4 of 21 milk specimens. Small virus‐like particles have been observed in 29 of the 100 biopsy specimens and in 3 of 38 tissue cultures derived from breast tumors. They also have been shown in 4 of 21 milk specimens. The relationship of these virus‐like particles to the origin of human breast neoplasia remains to be clarified.


This study examined the morphology and histology of the adult laughing dove tongue from birds of both sexes and compared the results those reported in the literature concerning other bird species. The tongue of the adult laughing dove has an elongated triangular shape and a median groove. Both dorsal and ventral lingual surfaces were covered by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, which decreased in thickness and degree of keratinization, when progressing toward the root. The dorsal surface of the lingual apex and body showed desquamated epithelial cells with differences in size, shape and appearance of these cells according to their location on the tongue. The openings of lingual glands were observed on the ventrolateral surface of the caudal half of the body of the tongue. A narrow rim of fibrous connective tissue beneath the epithelium surrounding the central lingual core was composed of a single cartilaginous plate and skeletal muscle bundles. Large conical papillae were located symmetrically between the body and root of the tongue. An additional row of conical papillae were located behind the previously mentioned row. The ventral aspect of the tongue was free from any papillae but had numerous shallow folds in addition to a row of three openings for lingual salivary glands.


Aim:  Several studies have indicated that genes in the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) region additional to the HLA class II DRB1‐DQB1 contribute to type 1 diabetes (T1D) susceptibility. The aim of this study was to assess if markers in the class III Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) region are associated with T1D after accounting for linkage disequilibrium (LD) with DRB1‐DQB1.


A k‐digraph is a digraph in which every vertex has outdegree at most k. A $(k \vee l)$‐digraph is a digraph in which a vertex has either outdegree at most k or indegree at most l. Motivated by function theory, we study the maximum value Φ (k) (resp. $\Phi^{\vee}(k, l)$) of the arc‐chromatic number over the k‐digraphs (resp. $(k \vee l)$‐digraphs). El‐Sahili [3] showed that $\Phi^{\vee}(k, k) \leq 2 k + 1$. After giving a simple proof of this result, we show some better bounds. We show $\max\{\log(2 k + 3), \theta(k + 1)\}\leq \Phi(k) \leq \theta(2 k)$ and $\max\{\log(2 k + 2 l + 4), \theta(k + 1), \theta(l + 1)\}\leq \Phi^{\vee}(k, l)\leq \theta (2 k + 2 l)$ where θ is the function defined by $\theta({{k}}) =\min \{{{s}} : {{{s}} \choose \left\lceil {{{{s}}}\over{{\rm{2}}}} \right\rceil} \geq {{k}} \}$. We then study in more detail properties of Φ and $\Phi^{\vee}$. Finally, we give the exact values of $\Phi({{k}})$ and $\Phi^{\vee}({{k}},{{l}})$ for ${{l}} \leq {{k}} \leq {\rm{3}}$. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 53: 315–332, 2006


Concerning various kinds of low visibility weather phenomena and based on the existing dichromatic atmospheric scattering model,a modified calculating method of dichromatic model is proposed,to range weather phenomenon via revising the atmospheric scattering direction,improving the calculating method of vector angles and adding humidity parameter information.The improved algorithm model has higher stability,considering that the scatter light direction is not all consistent and pixels have three-dimensional character in the RGB space.Embedding the algorithm into the model and computing the corresponding eigenvalues,these weather phenomena can be recognized through the empirical thresholds.By improving the calculating method and processing the seasonal data of Columbia University and two-month data of Zhangye Observatory,it is shown that the improved method is excellent in identifying various kinds of low visibility weather phenomena,such as fog,haze,dust blowing,dust floating,and sand storm,whose total identification rates for the above two regions are 73.2%,90.5%,respectively.


Cyanus uysalii (Şirin & Çeçen) Negaresh is proposed here as a new combination. It is morphologically similar to C. bourgaei, but differs from it by the stem length, the involucres size, the florets length, the rosette leaves dissection, and the achenes size.


Safety,cost,progress and quality of constructions are highly related to the rationality of the layout of construction sites.To evaluate a layout of the construction site,this paper presents a mathematical model using analytic hierarchy process(AHP) to describe and evaluate the layout scheme.The model considers the impact of factors and hierarchies of the scheme on the final results of the evaluation.The model can assess the layout scheme in both quantity and quality.The application has shows that developed model has good potential in engineering.