Cell-DEVS is an extension to the DEVS formalism that allows the definition of cellular models. CD++ is a modeling and simulation tool that implements DEVS and Cell-DEVS. Here, we show the use of these techniques through different application examples. Complex applications can be implemented in a simple fashion, and they can be executed effectively. We introduce different models of physical systems for diffusion applications, including a model of Diffusion Limited Aggregation, Snowflake growth, 3D Reaction-Diffusion and Driven Diffusion.


Both cylindrical cup drawing and square cup drawing are analyzed using both membrane analysis and shell analysis by the elastic-plastic finite element method. An incremental formulation incorporating the effect of large deformation and anisotropy is used for the analysis of elastic-plastic non-steady deformation. The corresponding experiments are carried out to show the validity of the analysis. Comparisons are made in punch load and distribution of thickness strain between the membrane analysis and the shell analysis for both cylindrical and square cup drawing processes. In punch load, both methods of analysis show very little difference and also show generally good agreement with the experiment. For the cylindrical cup deep drawing, the computed thickness strain ofa membrane analysis, however, shows a wide difference with the experiment. In the shell analysis, the thickness strain shows good agreement with the experiment. For the square cup deep drawing, both membrane and shell analysis show a wide difference with experiment, this may be attributable to the ignorance of the shear deformation. Concludingly, it has been shown that the membrane approach shows a limitation for the deep drawing process in which the effect of bending is not negligible and more exact information on the thickness strain distribution is required.


Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) PD ranks second among the common neurodegenerative disease next only to Alzheimer's dementia. Autonomic symptoms in Parkinson's disease is very common.  This study assesses the autonomic dysfunction in PD, their prevalence, type and severity in related to staging. Methods: The study was conducted in Rajiv Gandhi government general hospital, Institute of neurology Madras medical college between 2011 to 2013, 141 patients fulfilling the criteria of Parkinson's disease brain bank society were included in the study. All the patients were clinically examined with special attention to history, clinical features and symptoms and signs of Autonomic dysfunction. The patients were graded using the Hoehn and Yahr staging system. Results: Among 141 patients, 118 (83.7%) had autonomic dysfunction. Among 87 males, 72 patients had ANS dysfunction and among 54 females, 46 patients had ANS dysfunction. Stage wise 39 patients of 53 patients (73.6%) belonging to Stage I; 37 of 44 (84.1%) belonging to Stage II; 26 of 28 (92.8%) belonging to Stage III and all patients belonging to Stage IV and V had ANS dysfunction. Conclusions: ANS dysfunction in Parkinson's disease is a common problem and the prevalence of it is 82.75% in males and 85.2% in females and overall in 83.7% of patients. The prevalence of ANS dysfunction in Males and females increases as the Hoehn and Yahr stage increases as evidenced by 68.7% of males and 80.9% of females have ANS dysfunction in stage I, while 100% of males and females in stage IV and V have ANS dysfunction. Sexual dysfunction (84.7%) ranks first followed by gastrointestinal (56.9%), and thermoregulatory (51.3%) autonomic disturbances in males and urinary disturbances (78.3%), ranks first followed by thermoregulatory (65.2%), and cardiovascular disturbances (56.5%) in females.


The hospital is one of the workplaces whose activities are prone to work stress, especially for nurses who treat Covid-19 patients. Data was obtained that the Covid-19 nurses at Pelamonia TK.II Hospital was overwhelmed to handle patients who tested positive for the Corona Virus. This suppresses the psychological condition of the nurse so that it can have an impact on stress. The purpose of this study was to determine work stress from the aspects of the working period, workload, availability of PPE, and stigma on Covid-19 nurses at Pelamonia Hospital Makassar. This type of research is descriptive. The population and sample of this study were all Covid-19 nurses with a total sampling technique of 48 people. The questionnaire used is in the form of a questionnaire. Data analysis using univariate analysis. The results showed that of the 48 Covid-19 nurses who experienced mild work stress as many as 31 people (64,6%), 24 new and old work periods (50,0%), heavy workloads of 30 people (62,5%) ) and light workload as many as 18 people (37,5%), the availability of PPE as many as 43 available (89,6%) and not available as many as 5 (10,4%) and negative stigma as many as 48 people (100%). The hospital should increase the provision of complete PPE, improve management system rules regarding nurses' working time, delegate authority in the division of nursing tasks and analyze workloads according to the needs of each room.


Finance Companies (FC's), play a pivotal role in the economy of Sri Lanka, by serving the under banked and non-banked segments of the society. The business model entails lending to the bottom of the pyramid, that leads to the acceptance of higher credit risk at a higher yield that inevitably leads to lower asset quality. The focus on this customer segment has lead to an increase in non performing loans among FCs in the recent past. Due to several challenges facing the industry, including intense competition and lack of experienced credit officers, the FC's have been seeking options to automate evaluation of credit worthiness at the point of loan origination. This work is an attempt to develop a machine learning based loan default prediction system to improve credit decisions. Several traditional machine learning algorithms are chosen, trained and validated by using real world data set related to vehicle leasing, obtained from one of the leading FCs in Sri Lanka. The data set consists of 100,000 cases having 29 attributes each. Models are compared for accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and robustness. The model using Support Vector Machine and Random Forest produces comparatively promising results. Further work is recommended to generalize the model for economic cycles and shocks using micro and macro economic variables.


Satheshkumar and Moss (1) raise concerns regarding the tiling array methodology used to interrogate vaccinia virus ORF expression presented by Assarsson et al. (2). Although they did not dispute the main conclusion (i.e., detection of an immediate–early gene class), they raised other important points.


This study aims to investigate was the Mc Clelland's needs as moderator variable in the relationship between Organizational Citizenship Behavior and turnover intention. Data was collected from 110 from 300 students at Economy Fakulties in Janabadra University. The students currently are employed in many companies. The data were analyzed using MRA (Moderated Regression Analysis). Results indicate that McClelland's needs moderate the relationships between OCB and turnover intention in negatif and small effect (Adjusted R=5%). McClelland's needs is homologizer Moderator.


Laboratory comparasone were made on the parnogmilorty of the entomopathogen Matarhizium anispllne isolsted from different host insects or from different nonoconidial of a given field strain. Among all the strains tested, the isolate "3305-6" had the highest pathogenicity against larvae of Pieris rapae. The lethality of M. anisoplise was Aound to be influenced by the nitrogen content of the culturing media. The Czapek agar medium contains less nitrogen then othen media used, and produced a higher lethality of the entomopathogen against its host insects.


The absolute double differential cross section (DDCS), the generalized oscillator strength distribution (GOSD), and the ionization efficiency of ammonia (NH3) were investigated from the threshold to 40 eV under the condition of 200 and 400 eV incident electron energies and 6 and 8 degree scattering angles using electron energy-loss spectroscopy and electron- ion coincidence techniques. To determine the absolute values, we used a mixture of helium (He) and NH3 and normalized the measured relative DDCS spectrum by the differential cross section for 21P excitation of He. Our results are in close agreement with previous dipole (e, e) spectroscopy, although the incident electron energy is lower. The ionization efficiency curve obtained from coincidence measurements indicated the existence of doubly excited states that cause neutral dissociation.


The behavior of short fatigue cracks dominates the damage process in most metallic materials,and it cannot be interpreted by conventional theories. So the research on short fatigue cracks is of great importance.This paper reviewed recent developments on the studies of short fatigue cracks, especially discussed several major evaluating methods, including Monte Carlo Method, Multi Factor Damage Simulation Analysis, Fractal Method and Statistics Method.These models all visualize the evolution process of short fatigue cracks, taking micro structural obstacle effect into account, either from the point of view of geometry or physics. These visual simulation methods also provide convenient means for the analysis of the statistical characteristics of short fatigue cracks. They present us different analysis directions of short crack research.


Wu Kun philosophy of information put forward in Nineteen-eighties is the essence of the spirit of the era of globalization of information.Professor Wu Kun,the founder of the philosophy of information and information philosopher,introduced information into philosophy as one of the most basic areas of philosophy,and first established a theoretical system of the system's philosophy of information.From 2009,Professor Huo Youguang questioned Wu Kun's philosophy of information theory.The questioning ranges from the information ontology,epistemology of information,information theory of evolution,information production theory,information theory of value,to philosophy of information theory.Wu Kun also answered and responded,and the counter-criticism went on.The criticism of both professors helps to promote the development of the philosophy of information which emerged recently,and helps people realize that Wu Kun's philosophy of information is a fundamental change in the philosophy development and the inevitable outcome of the development of human information age and the development of philosophy.It has the scientific nature of the times and the high degree of unity of the universe,the systematization of the information age,and the theory of the scientific world outlook and methodology.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a multi‐expert system that can provide designers with suggestions for improvement. The multi‐expert system can analyse a design and provide designers with ideas for changes to designs at an early stage in order to improve assembly later in the manufacturing process.Design/methodology/approach – The whole system consists of four expert systems: computer‐aided design (CAD) expert, automated assembly expert, manual assembly expert and design analysis expert. The design analysis expert includes a sub‐system to collate the information from the assembly experts and to provide costs and advice.Findings – The paper finds that the approach and the systems can reduce manufacturing costs and lead times.Research limitations/implications – A knowledge‐based reckoning approach to design‐for‐assembly automation is used. The approach and systems can reduce manufacturing costs and lead times. The system can estimate assembly time and cost for manual or automatic assembly a...


The standing crop and primary productivity of a defined epiphytic algal community has been studied over a period of two years. The primary productivity method has been analysed statistically. Because of the shallowness of the pond and large surface area of Equisetum stems available for colonisation the epiphyton is the most productive algal community.


A novel melanogenic inhibitory compound, Phytoclear-EL1 (5,10-diacetyl-3-benzoyllathyrol) was isolated from Euphorbiae lathyridis. The effects of EL1 on culture normal human melanocytes (NHM) were assessed. EL1 reduced the melanin synthesis of NHM by 40% at a concentration of 2 g/ml without any apparent cytotoxicity. We also have found that the treatment of the cells with EL1 decreased the tyrosinase activity by 29% in situ. To elucidate the action mechanism of EL1, we investigated the changes in mRNA levels of tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 using RT-PCR technique. AS a result, the mRNA levels of tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 were markedly reduced by EL1 treatment. These results suggest that Phytoclear-EL1 is a novel whitening agent that is effective in human melanocytes.


Pancasila is a guide for the Indonesian people in society, nation and state. Over time, the ideology of the Pancasila began to fade in people's lives; this could be due to the current of globalization. The community began not to pay too much attention to the values in the Pancasila. As one example this can be seen around the Al-Manar mosque which tends to individualism. The existing Pancasila values seem to be marginalized and become a new problem today. Itmakes writer to examine how the people understand the Pancasila in the Al-Manar mosque and how to plant the values of Pancasila and religious teachings in Muslim life in the Al-Manar mosque The purpose of this paper is to be able to provide insight to the community on the importance of planting Pancasila values and teachings. The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive. Data is collected through observation, interviews and documents related to research. The technique used in analyzing is spreading data, retrieving data according to the problem and drawing conclusions. From the results of the study it was found that the majority of the people in the Al-Manar mosque understood the meaning and function of the Pancasila as the state foundation and unifying the Indonesian nation. Pancasila values do not conflict with the values of Islamic teachings. The pattern of understanding of some Muslim communities in the Al-Manar mosque understands Pancasila as its own ideology, and the teachings of Islam as its own ideology.


The diterpenoid, sugiol, has been reported to exert anticancer effects against a number of human cancers. However, the anticancer effects of sugiol have not been evaluated against the human glioma cells. The present study was designed to examine the effects of sugiol on the proliferation of human U87 glioma cells. The results showed that sugiol significantly (P < 0.05) suppressed the viability of the U87 cells in a concentration dependent manner and exhibited an IC50 value of 15 μM. On the other hand, the growth inhibitory effects of sugiol were minimal on the normal human astrocytes. Acridine orange and ethidium bromide staining (AO/EB) staining revealed that sugiol induces apoptosis which was further confirmed by Western blot analysis, wherein upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 were observed in U87 cells. Flow cytometry showed that sugiol causes cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 stage. The relative percentage of G1 phase was found to be increased from 26.58% at 0 μM to 70.96% at 30 μM sugiol. Taken together, the results suggest sugiol inhibits the growth of glioma cells and may prove to be a lead molecule in the management of human glioma.


proaches have been described in different surgical procedures such as proctosigmoidectomy, above-knee amputation, abdominal hernia repair, breast reconstruction, colostomy closure, radical nephrectomy, lower extremity vascular surgery, laparotomy, colectomy, cholecystectomy, hysterectomy, caesarian section, pelvic bone fracture surgery, and hip surgery. The excellent work of Aoyama et al. [1] comparing the analgesic benefits of QLB versus a posterior transverse abdominis plane block in laparoscopic gynecologic surgery must be recognized. However, lower pain scores at rest and at 48 h were observed in the QLB group; these results should have been highlighted, and not ignored, in the conclusions. A recent systematic review by Jin et al. [2], focused on postoperative analgesic outcomes, showing the contribution of QLB in improving postoperative pain in renal surgery, cesarean section, and also in other abdominal, pelvic and hip surgeries despite the quality of evidence is low in these latter cases. Nevertheless, there are still some topics and particular scenarios related to the use of QLB in some abdominal surgeries that need to be explored. QLB is important in special situations, depending on the type of patient, surgery, or clinical scenario. These advantages are not limited to strict perioperative analgesia. Despite systemic infection not being a contraindication for neuraxial techniques, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine recommend that we should consider alternatives to neuraxial techniques for patients with a high-risk of infection to minimize the occurrence of serious complications [3]. In urgent laparotomy (in patients suffering from peritonitis), a single-shot QLB is certainly an option, as it provides significant somatic and visceral analgesia up to 24 h postoperatively [2], which may diminish the need of a continuous technique and subsequent risk of catheter colonization. In the current literature, single-shot QLB has been associated to a reduction in pain and opioid consumption up to 48 h after gynecologic/obstetric surgery [1]. Moreover, an eventual interfascial infection would be more manageable or treatable than a neuraxial infection/abscess which would be signifciantly different in terms of possible permanent complications. Patients undergoing surgeries such as open aortic surgery or liver resection, in which significant blood loss is expected, also carry an increased risk of hematoma associated with the neuraxial catheter placement or withdrawal as consequence of acquired perioperative coagulopathy [4]. Despite deep peripheral blocks and neuraxial anesthesia having similar recommendations for patients taking drugs that affect hemostasis, the occurrence of hematoma associated with different degrees of perioperative coagulopathy due to blood loss and transfusion is not directly addressed in the "Regional Anesthesia in the Received: July 25, 2020 Accepted: August 9, 2020


Large-scale coherent structure in a round free jet injected into a low-speed, co-flowing stream was experimentally investigated using laser-Doppler and cold-wire techniques. Particular attention was paid to the coherent structures in the outer intermittent region of the jet in an almost self-preserving state. Velocity fluctuations u (axial) and v (radial) and temperature fluctuations θ were measured simultaneously at two positions: a reference position and a moving position. In order to clarify the pattern of coherent motion, a pattern-averaging technique was adopted and the characteristics of the turbulent fluctuations were conditionally averaged. The results show that a large-scale coherent structure exists even in the self-preserving region of a round free jet, as well as in the near field. It has a vortical structure which consists of strong outward turbulent motion from inside the jet, turbulent reverse flow and inflow in the irrotational ambient region (entrainment). In the coherent structure, the negative pattern-averaged Reynolds stress occurs at two locations: one in the irrotational ambient region outside the turbulent/irrotational interface and the other in the turbulent jet inside the interface. The former is instantaneously produced in the irrotational inflow outside the interface when the vortical motion is accelerated, and it changes even the sign of conventionally averaged Reynolds stress. The latter is instantaneously produced in the turbulent flow near the high-shear region when the turbulent motion is more strongly directed by the acceleration of the vortical motion towards the centre of the vortical structure than the averaged motion.


A field trial was carried out to evaluate the overall performance of hermetically coated fibers. Three cables containing a large volume of hermetic and nonhermetic fibers were manufactured, and their initial strengths and n values were measured. The cables were installed in duct and aerial routes. Eight optical links were constructed, including dispersion-shifted and normal single-mode fibers, by splicing the installed fibers. Statistical data on optical loss and splice loss were obtained in the trial. The measured results demonstrated that the hermetically coated fiber cables had much higher fatigue resistance than conventional fiber cables, and no weak portion was found even for 500 hermetic fiber samples selected from a large volume of trial fibers. The transmission characteristics were found to be equivalent and low-loss splicing was achieved in the field. >


Controlled studies in non-haematological patients have consistently demonstrated a restrictive red blood cell (RBC) transfusion policy to be safe and to reduce blood product utilisation. Uniform evidence-based guidelines on dose and indications for haemato-oncological inpatients are currently lacking. A few observational studies and one randomised trial reported feasibility, safety and efficacy of a restrictive transfusion policy, either by reducing haemoglobin (Hb) thresholds or shifting to a single-unit practice. We performed a retrospective observational single-centre study among adult inpatients receiving intensive myelosuppressive chemotherapeutic treatment or (autologous or allogeneic) haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) between September 2016 and January 2019. Detailed methods are described in Data S1. Briefly, under the 'liberal RBC transfusion protocol', applied up till 31 October 2017, standard double-unit RBC transfusion was indicated at a Hb threshold of <81 g/l and/or in the presence of anaemia-related symptoms. Subsequently, a 'restrictive RBC transfusion protocol' was introduced involving a stricter Hb threshold of <73 g/l and single-unit transfusions. For patients above 65 years of age and/or with significant comorbidity defined by an ASA physical status score of II–III, and/or with a 'Modified Early Warning Score' of ≥6, a Hb threshold of <81 g/l was applied, while patients with an ASA score of IV received RBC transfusions at Hb levels <97 g/l (Table SI). Table SII presents baseline characteristics of the 262 patients who underwent a total of 387 treatment cycles. During the liberal protocol period, patients were somewhat younger with fewer comorbidities. This patient characteristic imbalance resulted in a higher proportion of patients under the restrictive protocol who did not receive RBC transfusions at the stricter Hb threshold of <73 g/l, potentially inducing an underestimation of the impact outcomes described below. The cumulative number of RBC units per admission significantly decreased under the restrictive protocol [median 4 0 (interquartile range, IQR, 2 0–8 0) vs 2 0 (IQR 1 0–7 0), Fig 1, Table SIII], approximating an estimated cost saving of ̃€25 000,during these 193 admissions (Table SIV). Results did not change when taking into account duration of admission and neutropenia (Fig 1, Table SIII). The observed efficacy impact was mainly due to strong utilisation reductions among patients receiving allogeneic myeloablative HSCT [4 0 (IQR 2 0–6 0) vs 1 5 (IQR 0 0–3 5)] or autologous HSCT [2 0 (IQR 0 0–2 0) vs 1 0 (0 0–2 0)]. Regarding the latter, the observed reduction was markedly contributed by patients receiving high-dose melphalan (HDM) conditioning with an up to nearly 70% average decrease in blood product consumption (Table SIV). In addition, 79 1% of patients (34/43) who received HDM conditioning under the restrictive transfusion protocol did not reach their Hb threshold and were thus transplanted without red cell support, as compared to 46 9% (23/49) under the liberal protocol (Table SV). Consequently but specifically and solely applying to treatments inducing a limited duration of aplasia, a stricter Hb threshold rather than the switch to single-unit transfusion episodes seems the main contributor to blood product savings. Notwithstanding, this does not imply a general inefficacy of single-unit transfusion episodes, as an abundant number of studies performed in varying patient cohorts consistently demonstrated a strong reduction of up to 40% in RBC use after changing to single-unit transfusion practices. Analysis of predefined safety parameters did not demonstrate any change in duration of admission, duration of neutropenia, 30-day mortality, number of platelet transfusions per admission, and de novo cardiac arrhythmic events (Table SVI). Although the number of intensive-care unit (ICU) admissions increased (2 6% during the liberal and 6 7% during the restrictive transfusion period, P = 0 05), this was ascribed to a change in practice aiming at ICU transfers at an earlier stage of clinical deterioration. Regarding protocol adherence, the number of single-unit RBC transfusions increased from 16 8% to 81 9% following implementation of the restrictive protocol (Fig 2A). Red cell transfusions during the liberal and restrictive period were ordered according to the patients' Hb threshold in 45 3% and 60 8% of transfusion episodes, respectively. Regarding threshold non-adherences during the restrictive period, patients' measured Hb levels exceeded their individual Hb transfusion threshold by ≤3 and ≤8 g/l in 16 9% and 30 9% of all RBC transfusions (Fig 2B). Some of these violations likely will have been clinically indicated; unfortunately, underlying non-adherence reasons were unavailable for analysis. Despite, and as evidenced by successful large-scale blood management programs, we underline that an effective change management prerequisites a high level of team motivation and engagement, a process which relies on education, and continuous evaluation and feedback on the established practice changes. Correspondence


The present work proposes the management of street lighting through a computer vision approach, for which algorithms are used to detect pedestrians. The current scenario of demand for electricity, has rates that constantly increase, due to taxes, urban expansion, among others. Therefore, it is extremely important to look for alternative ways to minimize costs. One of the segments to be explored with great economic potential is the management of street lighting, in recent times changes have been taking place in this area, where governments are replacing sodium vapor lighting by LEDs lamps, which are already capable of dramatically reduce energy consumption. In this context, computer vision systems can help to reduce this consumption even further, controlling the power of these LED lamps according to the flow of people on the road. The computer vision system proposed in this work was implemented in C ++ using the OpenCV library, applied in a Raspberry Pi 3. It was also used the Fuzzy Logic to calculate the power that the LEDs must be adjusted due to the number of people on the road as well as the ambient lighting. For the execution of the validation tests of this proposal, images were acquired on public roads with pedestrians, as well as simulations of these environments were carried out, thus being possible to test all the proposed possibilities. With the real application of this project, it is possible to observe a savings of approximately 44% in the consumption of public lighting, this compared to the use of LED lighting.


This study aims to prove the effectiveness of computer assisted teaching method over the teacher- centered method (explaining, question-answer, demonstration) together with the academic achievement of science teaching students in the fields of science and technology. In this study, pretest-final test control grouped model was used and 3 class students of science Teaching department, Education Faculty at rd Cumhuriyet University in Sivas, in the term fall, 2006-2007 academic year, were involved in it. Both control groups (n=24) and experiments group (n=23) had the same features in terms of being students and totally 47 students partcipated in our study. The resarch has lasted for twelve weeks with the pre test, final test and permanent test application periods for both groups. After t-test analysis, data showed that computer assisted teaching was more effective than teacher-centered methods to increase acedemic achievement and to acquire permanent teaching.


Modern business environment changes under the influence of the second wave of disruptive digital technologies such as mobile applications, social networks, cloud computing, big data analytics and Internet of things. The specificity of these digital innovations defined as The Fourth industrial revolution is that they bring about changes in the complete industry sectors becoming in this way a key condition for further competitive business operations in the global market. This paper analyses the contribution of new digital technologies to economic growth of national economies and higher productivity and competitiveness of companies. In order to maintain competitiveness level, modern enterprises have to start the process of digital transformation that requires new organization models, redesigned business processes and new ways of communication with partners and customers. According to some authors this is the biggest transformation in business the world has seen in over a century. The untapped potential here really is enormous and it represents big challenge for all industries and national economies. EU experiences in the development of digital entrepreneurship are analyzed, as well as challenges of digital change in domestic companies.


Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a fatal contagious neurological disease, affects free-ranging and captive cervids (members of the deer family) such as elk (Cervus elaphus), moose (Alces alces), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). It is transmitted directly through animal-to-animal contact, and indirectly through contact with objects or an environment contaminated with infectious material (including saliva, urine, feces, and carcasses of CWD-infected animals). CWD is not known to affect humans or livestock. CWD, similar to scrapie in sheep and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease) in cows, is caused by prions—pathogenic agents that mostly consist of an abnormal, infectious form of a host protein primarily found in the brain and central nervous system tissues of mammals. CWD was initially identified in captive animals in the late 1960s and in free-ranging animals in the 1980s. Since its initial identification in Colorado, CWD continues to spread and has affected cervids in 26 States in the United States and 3 Provinces in Canada, as well as in Finland, Norway, South Korea, and Sweden. Importance of Cervids


This paper presents a burst-mode equalizer for the communication incorporating electrical idle state which is usually used for power management. Fabricated in 0.18μm CMOS technology, the proposed equalizer can compensate over 90-inch microstrip on an FR4 PCB, which has a 40dB loss at 3GHz. The proposed overshoot control scheme with reference calibration can reduce offset-induced error on detections and is observed to achieve jitter improvement of 0.06UI. With the help of envelope detector and digital adaptation, the reaction time under burst-mode transmission is 5.5ns or 33bit-time. The equalizer consumes 26.7mW from a 1.8V supply and measured BER is less than 10-12.


South Asia Research Vol. 30 (2): 197–209 Introduction, such diffi culties are further considered in several essays, for instance, on Punjab (Chapter 4). At stake is India's recognition of various differences, pursuing the ideal that each person counts for one vote, while also accounting for the delicate issue of group-based reservations and political representations. This book is highly recommended to readers interested in the current dynamics of Indian politics, specifi cally with regard to the rise of 'the plebeians' to power, offering clear historical insights on some of the major Indian states and central issues concerning Indian politics.


Through a comparative research on the amendment in the protest procedure in basketball rules of the years 1998 to 2010,the paper concludes that the requirement for the protest procedure in basketball rules has yearly been enhanced,but there are still some faulty sections.It provides a reference for perfecting the related rules.


Blood loss in the urine and feces were determined, changes in hematology recorded, and the half-life of the circulating erythrocytes calculated during infection with Ancylostoma caninum. Significant changes in the urinary excretion of 5lchromium were not detected at any time during infection. Blood loss in the feces was first detected on the 8th day after inoculation of infective larvae, except in the case of adults dogs (10th or 11th day) and in pups with light infections of x-irradiated worms (10th day). Blood loss in the feces reached a maximum between 12 and 16 days after inoculation with a second peak in the pups of some groups at 23 to 25 days. Pups infected with less than 30 normal adult A. caninum per pound of body weight experienced significantly greater fecal blood loss per worm per day than did pups infected with more than this number of worms (per pound of body weight), although the pups infected with the greater numbers of worms experienced greater total fecal blood loss per day. The hematologic findings reflected the fecal blood loss results during infection with normal A. caninum. Infection with x-irradiated A. caninum, even with relatively large infections (more than 30 worms per pound of body weight), failed to induce adverse hematologic changes in the infected pups in spite of the occurrence of blood loss during such infection. The technique of measuring accurately gastrointestinal hemorrhage by the labeling of erythrocytes with radioactive 51chromium has been described (Gray and Sterling, 1950; Sterling and Gray, 1950; Owen et al., 1954; Foy et al., 1958; Clark et al., 1961). This procedure has been used to measure the blood loss from the host resulting from infection with hookworm in man (Foy et al., 1958; Roche et al., 1957) and in dogs (Clark et al., 1961; Roche and Martinez Torres, 1960). During experiments designed to investigate the immune responses of dogs following vaccination with x-irradiated Ancylostoma caninum larvae (Miller, 1964, 1965a, b, d, e, 1966) the opportunity was taken to employ this technique to estimate the blood loss caused by hookworms in dogs at various stages of the infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The management of experimental dogs and procedures for culturing and preparing larvae for infection were described (Miller, 1964). For labeling the erythrocytes, 5 ml of blood was taken aseptically using heparin as anticoagulant, and was incubated for 1 hr at room temperature (about 20 C) with approximately 1 me of 51chromium as sodium chromate in isotonic saline (The Radiochemical Centre, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority). The erythrocytes were then washed Received for publication 22 December 1965. five times with 10 ml of physiological saline and suspended in saline for intravenous injection of the donor dog. The experimental dogs were maintained in metabolism cages from which total daily urine and fecal outputs could be recovered separately. Each day a small sample of blood (approximately 1 ml) was taken from the cephalic vein of the dogs into tubes with diamino-ethane-tetra-acetic acid (dipotassium salt) as anticoagulant; aliquots of the samples were diluted in aqueous 0.02% sodium hydroxide to make total volumes of 5 ml for counting radioactivity; and at least two preparations were made each day from the blood sample of each dog. Total daily urine output was measured and two 5-ml samples were retained for counting. Total daily fecal output was weighed and was homogenized with an equal weight of water, from which mixture two weighed samples were extracted for counting. The radioactivities of the prepared samples of blood, urine, and feces were counted in a well-type, thallium-activated, sodium iodide crystal, scintillation counter coupled to an automatic dekatron timer unit (Panax Equipment Ltd.). Calculations were performed to give figures for total fecal and urine counts per day and for counts per ml of blood on each day of the experiment. All radioactivity figures were corrected for radioactive decay as determined by the decline in the radioactivity of 5 ml of a standard solution of 51chromium. The total fecal and urine activities (total counts) on each day were divided by the blood activity (counts per ml) that was recorded from the blood sample taken 24 hr before the time of collection of the respective feces and urine. The radioactivity of the blood per ml on each day, after correction by the factor for


Abstract Keystroke logging has demonstrated that a translator's text production can be broken down into units separated by pause boundaries (Dragsted 2004, 2005, 2010). Reading research has not identified analogous boundaries, as the only interruptions in a reader's visual attention to a text are often only blinks. However, in an experimental setup with tracking of a translator's gaze movements across a screen showing the source text and (emerging) target text, gaze data show the translator's shifts of visual attention between the two texts. Can such shifts be seen as an index of content processing units? And do such shifts give us more accurate information about segmentation or more information than keystroke intervals? Using a rather poorly calibrated recording of just one translator's translation of a single sentence (within a longer task) for illustration, the paper seeks to tentatively explore the feasibility of identifying segments, understood as processing units, on the basis of gaze shifts, and to inquire into what motivates gaze shifts. It also seeks to illustrate how much our interpretation of gaze representations, not least suboptimal representations, depend on a theory of reading.


Lugansk micro-Paleolithic region has more than 40 sites of Middle and Lower Paleolithic in eastern Ukraine with quartzite. Makarovo-1 one of the earliest monuments of this microregion. Initial study of this sita and technology of quartzite knapping is a subject of this work.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a very effective homopolymn. inhibitor by selecting a stabilizer for inhibiting the homopolymn. of a vinylsulfone hardening agent from among citric acid, ammonium citrate, alkali metallic salts and alkaline earth metallic salts of citric acid. SOLUTION: Citric acid or its salt is a very effective homopolymn. inhibitor in a vinylsulfone hardening compsn. The salt is, e.g. ammonium citrate, an alkali metallic salt of citric acid such as Li, Na or K salt or an alkaline earth metallic salt of citric acid such as Mg salt. The alkali metallic salt, especially trisodium citrate is preferably used. The homopolymn. of a vinylsulfone hardening agent is inhibited without adversely affecting the action of the hardening agent by bonding the hardening agent to the citric acid or citrate stabilizer enough to inhibit the homopolymn.


An important problem in robotics is searching for a target point in an unknown polygonal region [5]. In this problem, a robot with vision is placed at a starting point s in a polygon and must traverse a path to some target point t in the polygon. The robot has no prior information about the geometry of the polygon or the location of the target, however, the robot will recognize the target when it sees it (a robot at x can see y if the segment xy is completely contained in the polygon P ). In the worse case, a search performed by the robot can be arbitrarily inefficient compare to the shortest path from s, but strategies can be proposed depending on the type of polygon.


A study of changing patterns of acceptance of family planning in India was made involving vasectomy and tubectomy acceptors in Guntur District in Andhra Pradesh; accessibility was also considered. The variables of age parity religion residence and income were taken into account; data was taken from records of local district medical offices and hospitals. Findings indicate: 1) there was an increase in acceptance of vasectomies and tubectomies; 2) the number of acceptances by people having more than 1 child increased; 3) Hindus accepted family planning more readily than did Christians and Muslims; 4) family planning is popular in both rural and urban settings; 5) higher income groups accept vasectomies more readily than lower income groups; and 6) lower income groups accept tubectomies more readily than do higher income groups. Education is an important factor in family planning acceptance. Greater numbers of people need to be reached and counselled to accept family planning.


Historical specimens of sea otters (Enhydra lutris) provide valuable information about the pre-bottleneck population. However, the sex of these specimens is often not known. We attempted to determine the sex of sea otters by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the amelogenin and the zinc finger (ZFX/ZFY) regions. The PCR fragments of amelogenin amplified were same size regardless of the sex. On the other hand, we were able to distinguish the sex accurately by means of the sea otter-specific restriction enzyme (NlaIII) to digest a polymorphic site in the ZFX/ZFY region. This method was applicable to dental pulp from skull specimens with the use of novel inner primers (KH1/KH2). We suggest that with some modification, the ZFX/ZFY system can be applied to other species and to a variety of archaeological specimens.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the preliminary clinical effects of Reconstruction of Posterior Wall of External Auditory Canal(EAC)and tympanoplasty using Pedicled Temporalis Myofascia in the treatment of cholesteatoma otitis media.METHODS74 patients(74 ears)with cholesteatoma otitis media were selected and underwent radical mastoidectomy for basic,39 ears of which were underwent reconstruction of posterior wall of external auditory canal and tympanoplasty using pedicled temporalis myofascia which named reconstruction group,the other 35 ears were underwent tympanoplasty with dissociative temporalis myofascia which named canal wall down group.Compared the postoperative effects of the two groups.RESULTS 37 ears in reconstruction group were followed-up for 2-4 years,the EAC remained in normal position,the myofascia survival rate was 97.29% and the recurrence rate was 5.6%;Meanwhile 33 ears in canal wall down group showed an deformed EAC,the myofascia survival rate was 93.93% and the recurrence rate was 6.3%.The reduction of the air-bone gap(ABG) in 0.5、1、2、4 kHz frequency was compared before and after the surgery.The reconstruction group were(15.3±0.33)、(15.1±0.30)、(15.6±0.25)、(20.5±1.34)dB respectively,the canal wall down group were(3.8±0.36)、(13.5±0.43)、(13.4±0.42)、(14.6±0.76)dB respectively,which showed significant difference.CONCLUSION Using the pedicled temporalis myofascia to reconstruct the posterior canal wall and tympanoplasty in the treatment of cholesteatoma otitis media can shorten the drying time,approximately remain a normal EAC,heighten the survival rate of the myofascia,significantly shorten the air-bone gap and reduce the recurrence rate of the cholesteatoma.


The university physical education to achieve sustainable development, should adopt the whole ecological system, system and concept of balance to research and analysis, and gradually improve the status and function of university physical education. Education ecology as a new concept, teaching practice has been gradually applied in many disciplines, and has obtained the good teaching effect. This paper will focus on the analysis of College Physical Education under the education from the perspective of ecology. We should first understand, clear the meaning of education ecology, then analyzes the basic principles of college physical education should follow the ecology, combining with the actual teaching of college sports analysis of the ecological concrete manifestation and way.


Abstract Biodiversity underpins all life on Earth, and refers to biological variety in all its forms, from the genetic makeup of plants and animals to cultural diversity. Human health depends upon ecosystem products and services (e.g. availability of fresh water, food and fuel sources) which are requisite for human and animal health. Biodiversity loss can have significant direct human health impacts if ecosystem services are degraded and not able to guarantee social needs. The ecosystems also control disease and stabilize the climate. However, biodiversity loss is occurring at unprecedented rates, impacting human health worldwide, according to the report jointly published by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the World Health Organization (WHO). In this report, awareness is provided to the need to promote integrated approaches to biodiversity and health by highlighting that biodiversity contributes to human health and wellbeing, and emphasizing also that biodiversity needs protection for development to be sustainable. Indirectly, changes in ecosystem services affect livelihoods, income, local migration and, on occasion, may even cause or exacerbate political conflict. Some features will be presented and discussed to describe in detail the most relevant impact that biodiversity has in human health and wellbeing and how the loss of biodiversity can imply risk for animal and human health.


A bipolar hybrid microgrid is a new topology which benefits from the advantages of both alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) microgrids. Interlinking AC/DC converter is the key of this topology which has the following characteristics: being able to provide two equal pole voltages in DC side; complying with the standards of current quality at AC side; being able to control active and reactive power independently in AC side, and transmitting bidirectional power. In this paper, two categories of power converters including single-stage and two-stage converters are proposed for this topology. A new cost-effective control strategy is added to the control of general grid-connected converter for each interlinking converter, and the control of autonomous DC-link pole voltage for both candidates is achieved. Detailed simulations based on the designed control strategies are conducted to validate the function of control strategies under the operation conditions of different DC sides. The performances of two selected interlinking converters with balanced and unbalanced DC loads are analyzed. Suggested power quality of microgrid and total harmonic distortion (THD) analysis are demonstrated in grid-tied and islanded modes. Eventually, semiconductor power loss simulations based on a closed-loop thermal network simulation are conducted. Thereby, the mutual effects of power loss and initial junction temperature are investigated.


Purpose: Malachite green(MG), leuco malachite green(LMG), crystal violet(CV) and leuco crystal violet(LCV) residues in fish were determined simultaneously using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS-MS). Methods: Fish samples after addition of internal standards D5-MG, D6-LMG, D5-CV, and D6-LCV were extracted with acetonitrile and centrifuged, and then the supernatants were applied on a neutral alumina column, blown almost dry under a stream of nitrogen and re-dissolved in 50% aqueous acetonitrile(by volume) before being subjected to UPLC-MS-MS analysis. Results: A linear relationship was observed over a concentration range of 1–50 ng/mL for MG and LMG, and over a concentration range of 1–100 ng/mL for CV and LCV. The limits of detection(LOD) for MG, LMG, CV and LCV were 0.05 μg/kg and the limits of quantification(LOQ) for all of them were 0.15 μg/kg. Average recoveries from blank samples spiked at levels of 50, 100 and 200 ng/mL ranged from 87.80% to 110.82%, with relative standard deviation smaller than or equal to 4.32%(n = 6). Conclusions: This method proved sensitive, accurate and reliable.


Aims This study aimed to explore the terms used by old-age psychiatrists and psychologists to describe subjective and mild cognitive impairment and functional cognitive disorders (FCD) in clinical practice. Method Participants were selected from across the United Kingdom based on their clinical involvement in the assessment of cognitive complaints. 9 old-age psychiatrists and 4 psychologists were interviewed about their use of terminology in clinical practice and their awareness and understanding of FCD terminology via semi-structured interview questions and case vignettes. Interviews were conducted between December 2020 and February 2021 using online platforms Zoom and Microsoft Teams. Participants were recruited by email and Twitter. All questions were asked verbally; however, the four case vignettes were displayed via screen-share. All discussions and answers were transcribed and transcripts were coded manually using the exploratory case study methodology in order to identify themes in participants' responses. Result This study has highlighted the variable use of terms used to describe and diagnose patients presenting with symptoms of cognitive disorders. The terms 'mild cognitive impairment', 'subjective cognitive decline' and 'functional cognitive disorder' were used most commonly amongst participants, though the terms 'subjective cognitive impairment' and 'pseudodementia' were also presented. This theme of language discontinuity is underscored by participants' varying use of terminology when describing or presenting their diagnoses for the case vignettes. The data also reveals a sub-theme of variability in application of the term FCD. Whilst all participants gave similar definitions for this term, the application of FCD as a diagnosis in practice was inconsistent. Six participants described FCD as associated with or secondary to other functional or psychiatric conditions, four participants viewed FCD as an isolated diagnosis, and one participant considered FCD to be either part of another illness or a separate diagnosis. Two participants neither used nor recognised the term FCD. Conclusion It is evident that there is varied use of terms describing or diagnosing forms of cognitive symptoms. The findings of this study highlight the need for a clear, adoptable definition of FCD in practice as well as implementable management plans for FCD patients. This is critical in order to avoid misdiagnosis and mismanagement, which may have harmful effects on patients living with debilitating cognitive symptoms.


The paper presents statistical analysis of measurement results of electrical parameters for photovoltaic modules installed in stationary and dual-axis configurations. The parameters which were taken into account included: coefficient of variation, skewness and standard deviation. Also a correlation was determined between independent variables such as insolation, sunshine duration, cloudiness, ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure, and the dependent variable in the form of the daily electricity from photovoltaic conversion. In order to determine the repeatability of electricity waveforms occurring between summer months as well as between summer and winter months, the non-parametric U Mann-Whitney test was used. In order to analyse the repeatability of daily peak hours in which the highest value of the hourly electricity production is observed, the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used. The tested systems were connected to the power grid and operated independently. Test stands consisting of polycrystalline photovoltaic modules, single-phase on-grid inverters, irradiance sensors and a temperature recorder, were located on the building rooftop of the Faculty of Control Robotics and Electrical Engineering of the Poznan University of Technology in Poland (Central Poland, 52°24.4152′N, 16°55.7958′E) at the height of 30 metres above the ground level. A significant increase in the production of electricity using the PV module spatial positioning system was demonstrated in relation to modules based on the year-round modified design.


Expatriate retirees from the United States and Canada who live on the north shore of Mexico's Lake Chapala routinely tell stories about a phenomenon locally known as the "border promotion." This study investigates the ways in which border promotion stories are deployed, heard and acted upon by expatriates in the Lake Chapala Riviera community. Using methods from the ethnography of communication and an extended theory of social identity derived from the work of Adriana Cavarero, this paper sets forth the importance of border promotion stories for identity management, as well as the development and maintenance of community cohesion within the expatriate colony.


Annealing of boron‐implanted silicon by a single 15‐μsec pulse from a flash lamp has been observed. The required energy density was 27 J/cm2 incident on the silicon. Electrical activity of boron was comparable to that in thermally annealed samples.


The aim of this research study was to investigate the impact of organizational ethnocentrism on employee's loyalty. Ethnocentrism is considering one's own culture as superior to others. However, if this concept is applied to organizational ethnocentrism, it could be a source of employee loyalty, commitment and devotion to the organization. In this world of globalization, loyal and committed employees are the greatest assets an organization can have. It is observed that many average businesses with excellent employees meet great success and on the other hand, many brilliant businesses with poor employees are struggling just to survive. In this research, we have tested the relationship between organizational ethnocentrism and employee loyalty using regression, correlation and descriptive statistics and we have studied the effects of demographics on organizational ethnocentrism. The results imply that organizational ethnocentrism and employee loyalty have a weak positive relationship whereas demographics affect neither organizational ethnocentrism nor employee loyalty.


Inspection of RCS flow measurements for the domestic pressurized water reactors has been performed by the Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety (KINS) as one of the authorized periodical inspection activities. The inspection results for the Westinghouse-type plants reveal that 1) the RCS flow instrumentation has been calibrated by using the initial design and commissioning test result, without reflecting the cycle specific reference flow measurements, 2) the loop-to-loop now variation in the actual flow measurement which has not been considered in the safety analysis affects the asymmetric How transient results, and 3) the measured RCS flows in Kori 3 and 4, Yonggwang 1 and 2 do not support the definition of the best estimate RCS flow, approaching the RCS flow limit. In this study, the revealed problems were discussed with review of the design and the RCS flow measurement uncertainty evaluation, and the technical approaches and recommendations for resolving these problems were proposed.


Diabetes mellitus has been accepted as an epidemic worldwide during the last two decades. Despite the diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches, the pathophysiology of this metabolic disorder and cellular defensive mechanisms remain mysterious. The maintenance of cellular homeostasis requires well-organized network between glucose, amino acid and lipid metabolism. Sirtuins are a group of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dependent proteins that are involved in cellular homeostasis by their deacetylating activity. Among them, sirtuin 1,-3 and -4 have been the most extensively explored. In the present review, we aimed to discuss the role of associated sirtuins in glucose and lipid metabolism and in the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes mellitus.


The purpose of this study was to examine the biomechanical characteristics of the take-off technique in the long jump of elite athletes. Problems experienced in the take off phase ultimately determine whether or not the outcome will be successful. Through documents, observation and statistical analysis, the performance of 21 elite athletes during the take off phase in the long jump event was compared with that of international long jump record holders. In order to determine the main characteristics of the take-off technique, biomechanical analysis was used. An objective evaluation of skills required for successful completion of the routine will be valuable for both athletes and coaches, seeking improvement in the execution of the long jump event.


Recently,all kinds of accident of our country occur frequently. Accident causes the casualties of people or the damage of equipment, installation and building,results in great pecuniary loss to country, enterprise and individual, induces instability factor to society. The author thinks that it is necessary to check up the casualties condition of people, accident endures, case study, responsibility person handling, people education and measure establishment, make clear the partition of accident pecuniary loss, and then analyze accident pecuniary loss to look into the undertaker of pecuniary loss. This paper has introduced partition,contrast and calculation method of domestic and international accident pecuniary loss. The experience of reference abroad and the actual condition of the basis of our country have given the method of detailed partition and calculation for direct loss and indirect loss.


Identify iodized table salt sales as a percentage of all table salt sales at the retail level in the United States.


In the present work, response surface methodology was utilized, through appliance of rotational central composite design to investigate the best conditions of production of xylanase by the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger. This microorganism is considered a good producer of xylanase enzyme, which has the ability to hydrolyze hemicelluloses in xylooligosaccharides and xylose. Products obtained this way are being increasingly utilized in animal feeding to improve the intestinal flora, to produce xylitol and also to produce second generation ethanol. The statistical analysis of the obtained results showed that the best conditions for the extracellular enzyme production were: pH 5.0, 37 oC, 80 rpm shaking, and 2 % (w/v) carbon source concentration. After the determination of the ideal production conditions, the enzyme extract was clarified through filtration in kaolin, and the protein obtained were precipitated with acetone, with a sensitive increase in the specific activity. After molecular exclusion chromatography in Sephadex G-75 the presence of xylanolitic activity was shown in two peaks, and the fractions related to the second peak were collected and submitted to DEAE-Trisacryl ion exchange column, in which were observed fractions showing xylanase activity that was eluted with 0.06 mol/L NaCl. SDS-PAGE of the majority fraction revealed only one proteic band with apparent molar mass of 34 kDa. P60 silica gel chromatography revealed that the product of hydrolysis was constituted of small xylooligosaccharides released after 120 min of hydrolysis.


MEMS (Microelectromechanical Systems) electrostatic actuators have been successfully applied in a number of areas, including accelerometers, gyroscopes, pressure sensors, and optical devices. In this paper, the actuator optimization of a silicon bulk-micro machined MEMS compound electrostatic actuator of an optical device is discussed. The actuator uses folded-beam structure to enhance the electromechanical performance. The movable block is connected to the compound electrostatic actuator through unequal-height folded-beam springs. The lower-height springs connect the block with parallel plates, and can convert the descending motion of the plates into out-of-plane tilting motion of the block efficiently Additionally, the block is capable of in-plane motion by applying the driving force of the comb-drive actuator through structural connection. ANSYS FEM simulation is used to extract the device electromechanical performance and resonant frequency of the device. By gradually varying the design parameters in ANSYS simulation, the relationship between the actuator electromechanical performance and various design parameters is derived. The curves of actuator electromechanical performance versus beam length and beam height are derived and they are in good agreement with theoretical prediction. From the analysis it is concluded that the actuator behavior strongly depends upon various actuator parameters. By adjusting design parameters, desired electromechanical performance can be obtained. Based on the simulation results, a set of optimized design parameters for the compound electrostatic actuator is decided. The above-proposed MEMS compound electrostatic actuator may be used for many applications, such as optical device and micro-operating.


A segmentation and classification method for separating a document image into printed character, handwritten character, photograph, and painted image regions is presented. A document image is segmented into rectangular areas. Each of which contains a cluster of image elements. A layered feed-forward neural network is then used to classify each segmented area using the histograms of gradient vector directions and luminance levels. A high classification performance was obtained, even with a small number of training samples. It is confirmed that the histograms of gradient vector directions and luminance levels are significantly effective features for the classification of the four kinds of image regions. Increasing the number of the discrimination areas improves the classification performance sufficiently even using a small number of training samples for the neural network.<<ETX>>


This paper presents a detailed model which accurately predicts the bias and temperature dependent noise characteristics of AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). The features introduced to the intrinsic noise model are the following: (i) correlation of the noise sources and (ii) the frequency dependency of the noise sources. Compared to the present noise models, this study provides significant improvement in predicting small signal and large signal noise for HBT based circuits. These models can be implemented easily into any SPICE or harmonic balance simulators. The results of this study are validated using devices from different foundries.


Abstract The Fuzzy Fixed Charge Transportation Problem in which both fixed and transportation cost are fuzzy numbers is considered in this paper. Due to NP-hardness of the problem, we utilize three types of Electromagnetism-like Algorithms (EM), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Simulated Annealing (SA) which are firstly being proposed and comprised in this research area. Besides, our other novelty approach is the use of new encoding mechanism, namely string representation, for the first time which is employed for the problem and can be used in any extended transportation problems. Also, the last version of EM is being firstly developed and proposed in this paper. The employed operators and parameters are calibrated to ensure the best performance of the algorithms. Besides, different problem sizes are considered at random to study the impacts of the rise in the problem size on the performance of the algorithms.


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The concept of a vector median (VM) using linear substructures is introduced for multispectral signals. It is shown that the VM filter utilises the correlation between the spectral components, which is an important property when the edge shape and location should be preserved for each signal component simultaneously. The vector median approach is applied to FIR-median hybrid (FMH) filters. These filters are shown to have good noise attenuation and a low bias error near edges. Vector median filters can be applied, for example, to standard colour images in TV systems and to multispectral satellite images.


The character of Charlot, created by Charles Chaplin, rewrites the myth of don Quixote in silent movies. While sharing the roots of the picaresque tradition, they represent a harsh criticism of modernity in all its stages. A distinction has to be made between the plain vaudevillesque humor of Charlot in the brief comic strips from 1914 and its tragi-comical shaping in some short films from 1915 up to Modern Times (1936). Beyond their mere physical aspects and their hilarious exploits, an underlying tragic heroism and idealism lead them to uphold all good causes and to support the wronged ones while they also struggle for survival. Charlot combines the comic with the sublime and, as well as the ingenious hidalgo, his soul becomes gradually fuller, deeper and more human. For all these reasons, this character could be regarded as a "quixote" of the big screen.


Deform software was performed to simulate semi-solid thixotropic forming SiCP/AZ61 composite.The stress distribution,strain distribution and working load during the forming were analyzed by comparing with normal forming SiCP/AZ61 composite.The results show that SiCP/AZ61 composite has some advantages of small forming resistance,well-distributed stress and strain,the flow of materials,and the performance of forming are better than normal forming SiCP/AZ61,the complicated shape parts can be formed in one time deforming.


Abhisit Vejjajiva prevented the worse excesses from engulfing the rest of the country. The prime minister has the coalition parties, the army, civil society groups, the Privy Council, and the Royals behind him. It came to no surprise that the beleaguered Red Shirt insurgency crashed and burned at Lumphini-Rajprasong. But wasn't Lumphini-Rajprasong a case of classic textbook "Class War" in the 21 century?


Parliamentary Diplomacy in European and Global Governance offers a detailed interdisciplinary study of a new global phenomenon: the rise and impact of parliamentary diplomacy in European, regional and world affairs.


The Waikato Matrix was a prototype experiment which tested the interactive IT infrastructure of a sensor mesh network in the live setting of a black box theater. Participants wandered around a maze created by theater blacks suspended from the rigging. The semi-dark space was filled with haze and participant's movements triggered sound, lighting and mechanical actuation (sirens, an overhead glitter drop, audience blinders, LED lighting etc.)
This work was partially successful, but suffered from multiple sound card failures, and a lack of funding.


The case of a 5 years old girl who developed a keloid at the site of herpes zoster is reported. This is a rare complication of zoster.


One titrimetric and two spectrophotometric methods are described for the assay of prochlorperazine mesylate(PCPM) in bulk drug and in injection using N-chlorosuccinimide(NCS) and two dyes, methyl orange and indigo carmine as reagents. In titrimetry, aqueous solution of PCPM is titrated directly with a standard solution of NCS in acid medium and in the presence of potassium bromide(KBr). Spectrophotometric methods entail the addition of a known excess of NCS to a solution of PCPM in acid medium and in the presence of KBr followed by determination of residual bromine by reacting with a fixed amount of either methyl orange and measuring the absorbance at 520 nm (method A) or indigo carmine and measuring the absorbance at 610 nm (method B). In all the methods, the amount of NCS reacted corresponds to the amount of PCPM. In titrimetry, the reaction stoichiometry was found to be 1:1 (PCPM: NCS) and is applicable over 3.5-20 mg range. In spectrophotometric methods, the absorbance was found increase linearly with PCPM concentration with the correlation coefficients of 0.9986 and 0.9993 for method A and method B, respectively. The systems obey Beer's law for 0.25-3.0 µg/mL (method A) and 0.5-8.0 µg/mL (method B). The calculated apparent molar absorptivity values are 1.11 x105 and 4.49 x104 L/mol/cm for method A and method B, respectively, and the corresponding Sandell sensitivity values are 0.005 and 0.013 ug/cm2. The limits of detection and quantification are reported for both spectrophotometric methods. Intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy of the methods were evaluated as per ICH guidelines. The methods were successfully applied to the determination of PCPM in injection, and the results were statistically compared with those of a reference method by applying Student's t- test and F-test. No interference was observed from common additives found in injection solution. The accuracy and reliability of the methods were further ascertained by performing recovery test via standard addition method


: Satellite-based detection of oil spills is essential as it assists in reducing the risk of disasters occurring in the ocean environment to protect and reduce economic losses. The visible bands of Landsat-8 OLI and Landsat-7 ETM+ is a crucial means for detecting ocean oil spills that cause grave damage to the maritime ecosystem. Therefore, this study used the synergy of Landsat images to identify the residual oil spills along the Arabian Gulf region. Feature-based detection techniques by employing both region and point-based were adopted to compare with the multi-sensor's spatial-resolutions for detecting the oil spills. These multi-sensor data were used to extract the spill-pixels for signature's analyses. The variants against spill signatures were distinguished through calibration analysis. Results revealed that the pre-processed, as well as atmospherically corrected signatures of the spill, are reasonably agreed with the occurrence of spill records, demonstrating a high correlation (R 2 > 0.85, p < 0.001). The calibration matrices have been formulated to calibrate spill pixels for Landsat-8 OLI and Landsat-7 ETM+, which serves as a crucial input for oil spill monitoring system against local uncertainties from look-alikes. Hence, this study will attribute in fast-tracking 2025 agenda of target 14.1 (reduce marine pollution) of sustainable development goal 14 th set by United Nation.


In this work we analyze a natural fractured carbonate reservoir in the Middle Magdalena Valley Basin (Colombia) using different volume curvature attributes. The main objective was to illuminate small or sub-seismic faults, and to delineate fractured zones in the area. Most positive, most negative, dip, strike, curvedness, Gaussian, maximum, minimum and mean curvature attributes were calculated for a 3D post-stack time migrated seismic volume. To reduce the noise level, a Butterworth filter was applied previous to the curvature attributes extraction and a combination of median and mean filters later. The most positive and most negative attributes gave the best results. They allowed identifying discontinuities at the target horizon, illuminating short wavelength flexures and lineaments. These features were associated to fracture zones that could result in hydrocarbon accumulation areas. Also, local geomorphological features and lineaments related to the structure axes were also identified using these attributes.


This project suggests guidelines and procedures to identify when adjacent signalized intersections should be interconnected. Field data from several Texas cities were used to calibrate the TRANSYT-7F and PASSER II computer programs. These programs were used to address the effects of progression changes in travel time and travel volume. Detailed field studies were performed at six (6) intersections under isolated-actuated, fixed-time coordinated and traffic responsive operations on NASA 1 Road in front of the LBJ NASA Space Center, Houston, Texas.


This article examines the early nineteenth century trial of William Hogan, a popular yet controversial Catholic priest, for assault on Mary Connell, a domestic servant and former member of Hogan's parish. This article is less interested in the facts surrounding Hogan's alleged assault on Connell as the available evidence is insufficient to evaluate Hogan's guilt or innocence. Still, the detailed trial transcript that emerges from this case allows us to do two things at once. It enables us to explore the social history of the most important division within the American Catholic church and of the complex relationships between clergymen and working class women. Secondly, the case reveals how anti‐catholic narratives of sexual violence found expression in the courtroom. The Hogan case provides a rare case study of how the discourses of religious conflict, nativism, class, and gender came together to define the specific conditions under which a woman could be raped and a man convicted of rape, in the antebellum courtroom.


AbstractThee!ectofMnasasurfactantontheformationofInAsnanostructureswasstudied.Theshapeofthenanostructureschanged drastically when a layer of Mn was added on the growth front before InAs growth. When 6ML211(6monolayers in (21 1) plane) of InAs was grown on GaAs (211)B with an initial Mn coverage of 0.5ML, quantumwire-like structures (QWRs) were formed at growth temperatures ranging from 450 to 5103C. With the same initialcoverageof Mn, two kinds of nanostructures,quantumdashes (QDHs) and quantumdots (QDs)were formed at 400 or4253C, whereas only QDs resulted at 3803C. Nanostructures on (10 0) and (311)B surfaces were also investigated andcompared. ( 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 61.16.Ch; 68.35.Bs; 68.55.Jk; 81.05.Ea Keywords: InAs; Self-organized nanostructure; Mn surfactant Thegrowthmodeof heteroepitaxyisdeterminedby the free energies of the substrate (c4), the inter-face (c*) and the surface free energy of the epitaxiallayer (c&). The inequality: c4'c*#c&sets the con-dition for the layer to wet the substrate, and theepitaxial growth follows the layer-by-layer two-dimensional (2D) growth mode (Franck}van derMerwe mode). If the inequality is the opposite,three-dimensional (3D) growth occurs (Volmer}Weber mode). For lattice mismatched heterostruc-tures with suitable surface free energy, c*increasescontinuously during growth and the growth modeundergoes a 2D}3D transition, which allows thereduction of strain energy (Stranski}Krastanov(S}K)growth mode)[1].Basedon theS}Kgrowthmode, various kinds of self-organized quantumdots (QDs) [2}4] and quantum dashes (QDHs)[5,6] have successfully been grown. The studies oftheselow-dimensionalsystemshaveattractedgreatinterestbothfromthefundamentalphysicspointofviewandfromthedeviceapplicationpointof view.


The behavior of male mice from two BALB strains, the BALB/cJ strain and the BALB/cByJ strain, was examined with a social behavior test and a resident-intruder paradigm. Prior to testing, the animals were isolated for 0, 2, 5, or 10 days. In the social behavior test the pairs of BALB/cJ mice spent more time in active social interaction than pairs of BALB/cByJ mice, although the latter strain showed more locomotor activity. BALB/cJ mice isolated for 5–10 days, when tested in a familiar environment were more aggressive than mice from the BALB/cByJ strain. In the resident-intruder paradigm, in which a resident BALB mouse was confronted with an intruder NIH Swiss mouse, the BALB/cByJ mice showed more social investigation in their home cage towards the intruders, but there were no significant differences between the two strains in the amounts of aggressive behavior exhibited. The results of these experiments suggest that there are some differences in the social behavior of the genetically related BALB/cJ and BALB/cByJ mice. However, the differences appear subtle and paradigm-specific.


Taking each county as basic research object,the land use datum of each county distilled from the land use map in 1975 and 2005 in order to research on the change of land dynamic degree,find the change of land use extent,and analyze the landscape discrepancy connecting with the plot average area,landscape diversity and landscape fragmentation degree.The research results indicated that change speed of each land use type was in the order of construction land river and water forestry and grassplot cultivated land.Land use extent of each county was increasing;and change trend of each landscape indexes was different in county distribution.Besides,the influence on landscape pattern was meek because of the land use and the landscape diversity decreased in the Three Gorges reservoir.


Dear readers, this special issue of the European Financial and Accounting Journal is a result of a joint initiative of the Faculty of Finance and Accounting at University of Economics, Prague and the Network of Institutes and Schools of Public Administration in Central and Eastern Europe (NISPAcee). The papers included in this volume were selected from the papers prepared in the framework of the NISPAcee Working Group on Fiscal Policy and presented in May 2011 at the 19th NISPAcee Annual Conference. NISPAcee is a non-government, non-profit, international membership organization. It was established in 1994 with the aim to serve as a clearinghouse for information for the newly established schools and programs of public administration in post communist countries and to promote the development of public administration education and training in these countries. At present the membership of the organization includes 106 institutional members and 26 associate members. The Executive Secretariat of the organization is located in Bratislava, Slovakia. Main activities of the organization includes annual conferences, training programs, summer schools, high level meetings, specialized conferences and workshops, tailor-made seminars and study-tours, databases of institutions and experts, research programs, publication program, technical assistance and development programs. During this autumn dozens of researchers around the world, including myself, compile the Open Budget Survey 2012, which is a biennial comparative research of budget transparency and accountability undertaken in more than 90 countries. The search of information and filling of the questionnaire make me think about many simple steps which would improve transparency. At the same time I am aware that there are unlimited possibilities for improvement in this area. Fiscal or budget transparency gained increasing attention from international institutions, national governments and nongovernmental organizations in the last twenty years. This attention presented itself first in the specifications how transparent budgets and public finances should look like and second in the attempts to measure and compare transparency across countries. Fiscal transparency is often viewed as a tool promoting fiscal discipline which is accompanied with more credibility for financial markets and lower costs of debt. Frequently approved fiscal rules or fiscal caps can only lead to fiscal discipline if they are backed by transparent reporting. Otherwise they create various "perverse" incentives. Fiscal transparency is important to reduce incentives to be fiscally irresponsible. Improved fiscal transparency is also important for engagement of citizens and civil society organizations in the decision-making process. Government fiscal activities should be subject to public scrutiny, which is impossible without timely disclosure of all relevant documents and information. At the moment there are two major international norms of budget transparency: the IMF Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency which was for the first time approved in April 1998 and the OECD Best Practices for Budget Transparency published in 2000. The IMF Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency states that there should be a clear legal and administrative framework for fiscal management. It is divided into four sections: (1) clarity of roles and responsibilities, (2) public availability of information, (3) open budget preparation, execution, and reporting and (4) assurance of integrity. The OECD Best Practices for Budget Transparency are narrower and are divided in three parts: part I lists the principal budget reports and their content; part II describes specific disclosures to be contained in the reports and part III highlights practices for ensuring the quality and integrity of the reports. These two international standards are of course not binding but can provide guidance for development of national budget laws. At the same time we can observe attempts to measure budget transparency. In order to cover the entire spectrum of issues related to transparency construction of a transparency index seems appropriate. So far there have been developed several transparency indexes both in academic papers and by private nonprofit organizations, such as International Budget Partnership. The International Budget Partnership undertakes since 2004 the Open Budget Survey, which is compiled from a questionnaire completed for each country by researchers who are not associated with the government. Each country's questionnaire is then independently reviewed by two anonymous experts and a government official. Based on the survey the Open Budget Index is computed. Together with a few other researchers I have been involved in the elaboration of the Czech part of the survey since the very beginning and now it has been already the sixth time. While in 2004 I had to browse through the extensive budget documentation in the library of the Ministry of Finance which at that time was one of the very few places where it was available for general public. Today I can answer the questions from my home, as all the documents are on the web. This is definitely an improvement. The work with the budget documentation became over the years quite easy. I know the structure well now, so I can find the answers easily. Of course, only if the particular information is presented. The differences between the years are negligible, which means that we do not succeed to add the missing but required information into the budget documentation. Budget transparency is defined as the full disclosure of all relevant fiscal information in a timely and systematic manner, thus there are three aspects of the disclosure: complete, timely and systematic. Evaluating the complexity, we have to admit that all the budget documents which are produced in the Czech Republic appear also on the web. However, a few documents required by the OECD Best Practices, such as Pre-election report, Long term report or Citizens budget are not produced at all. Especially the preparation and publication of the Citizens budget would show interest of the government in the budget transparency issue. The time, which passes between completion of a particular document and its publication, differs significantly for the different documents. While the executive's budget proposal is available within a few days after its approval, the mid-year report is published with a significant delay, which is caused by the regulation in the law on budget rules. The law on budget rules requires that the quarterly and mid-year reports are published only after their acceptance by the budget committee or the Chamber of Deputies, respectively. Doe to this regulation the mid-year report for the year 2010 was published as late as in March 2011. Disclosure in a systematic manner means for me publication at one place, most likely the web pages of the Ministry of Finance. The current practice, when some of the budget documents are published on the web pages of the Ministry of Finance and the rest on the web pages of the Chamber of Deputies is quite confusing. Even when the Czech Republic is characterized as a country which provides significant information to the public in its budget documents, there are still many simple and cheap ways to improve budget transparency.


Background. Most complications of vascular access for hemodialysis require surgical treatment and if ineffective lead to fistula loss and depletion of the vascular resource for the new fistula creation.Objective. To identify complications of permanent vascular access for hemodialysis which require surgical treatment and evaluate its results using duplex scanning.Design and methods. Ultrasonography, clinical and laboratory examinations were performed in 550 patients undergoing hemodialysis.Results. Complications of vascular access for hemodialysis were detected in 154 (28.0 %) patients, surgical treatment was performed in 96 (62.3 %) patients. The main indications for surgical treatment were: significant stenosis, occlusive thrombosis, non-occlusive thrombosis in combination with significant vein stenosis, aneurysm with increased access flow, ischemic steal syndrome of the hand and pulsating hematoma. The analysis of surgical interventions showed that the creation of a new access was more often performed (41.7 %) compared to other types of fistula reconstructions which leads to a decrease in the number of vessels in the upper extremities that can be used to create access in the future.Conclusion. Duplex ultrasound allows diagnosing vascular access for hemodialysis complications and evaluating the results of their surgical treatment.


The multitude of sacrifices made by the people during the course of collectivization and industrialization were justified in terms of a humanistic supreme goal, the formation of the "new person." Economic efficiency, social security, and legal protection were sacrificed to this abstract person. The current endeavor of scholars to bring the economy down to earth and to compel it to serve the needs of concrete human beings is therefore understandable.


Abstract Earlier, magnetic cellulose fibre was successfully produced by lumen loading and in situ coprecipitation methods. But never before had magnetic paper or magnetic sheets been produced from paddy straw and recycled paper as their substrates. The main properties needed to produce these green magnetic sheets are natural fibres possessing lumen, a hollow cylindrical shape along the fibres. Although magnetic particles can be introduced outside of this lumen, it interferes with inter-fibre bonding, leading to low-grade paper properties and making loading processes very crucial. This journal describes the properties of paddy straw and recycled paper in terms of lumen possession and the lumen's ability to be loaded with magnetic particles. The results obtained show that when using lumen, the loading technique is better than that using the in situ coprecipitation method, and paddy straw has better magnetic particle loading ability than recycled paper.


Use of a compound selected from the group consisting of: 2- (acetyloxy) -5-hydroxybenzene; 5- (acetyloxy) -2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid; 2,5-bis (acetyloxy) benzenesulfonic acid; 2- (acetyloxy) -5-hydroxybenzenehomosulfonic; 5- (acetyloxy) -2-hydroxybenzenehomosulfonic; 2,5-bis (acetyloxy) benzenehomosulfonic acid; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment and / or prophylaxis of a disease selected from arthritis and pain.


Argentina is a country with a very specific system of territorial division carried out for the optimization of public administration and collection of statistics. Historically developed spatial heterogeneity of socio-economic development has several specific features, as well as non-trivial factors, due to which the country is formed by a peculiar pattern of territorial inequalities. In addition to administrative divisions into provinces and departments, Argentina has a number of statistical division grids for the lower scale levels. However, the organization of the collection of statistical data for different levels of territorial division is not optimal: for a number of regions, statistical data in the public domain are practically absent, or presented in aggregated form. The aim of the research is to identify territorial differences in socio-economic development between regions and at various scale levels. The use of GIS methods made it possible to obtain the missing data for the lower level of territorial division, such as the spatial data on the administrative boundaries, population and income. The analysis of spatial autocorrelation of income distribution in Argentina can identify regions of growth as well as the influence of local factors on the territorial inequality in Argentina. The value of the coefficient of spatial autocorrelation of population income is one of the highest around the world.


The effect of driving seat comfort on driving fatigue is analyzed,and then the ergonomic design of driving seat is expounded in detail from the static characteristics and dynamic characteristics of driving seat.The problem that should be pay attention to in designing driving seat in China are also discussed in this paper.


The rapid transition in the wood preserving industry toward the use of non-arsenical wood preservatives has emphasized the need for rapid test methods to evaluate new preservative systems. In this chapter progress toward the goal of developing accelerated test methods is presented. One of the key elements in accelerated test methodology is the use of accurate, quantitative methods for measuring the extent of decay. In this area bending elasticity and compression tests have been fully developed for small test specimens and dynamic MOE methods for larger samples show promise. Progress has also been made in developing accelerated soil contact and above ground decay test methodology.


Purpose:To explore the effect of high-dose combination chemotherapy and low dose G-CSF on peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization. Methods:After inductive chemotherapy, the peripheral blood stem cells in the eight patients of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with complete remission were mobilized by high-dose combination chemotherapy and low-dose G-CSF. Results:The WBC and MNC counts were increased significantly in post-mobilization. The MNC and GFU-G counts were unchanged regardless of pre-freezed or post-freezed conditions. After the patients were pre-treated, the recovery time of neutrophil and platelet were (10.5±4) days and (11.5±6) days.Conclusions:The mobilizing regimen of high-dose combination chemotherapy and low-dose G-CSF is effective and safe, and can be clinically used.


This research study entitled "Analysis and diagnosis of asset management companies
in oil production in Ecuador based on the maturity levels of standard PAS 55: 2008",
was held to fill the need for companies Oil production in Ecuador, which by the
complexity of their operation seeking to optimize their resources getting the highest
return on their physical assets, which are of high criticality and risk to the economy
and the environment, why is developed the study of PAS 55: 2008 standard for
physical asset management and its benefits, the adaptation to the oil industry, its
benefits for implementation, the methods used for diagnosis, so you will achieve
optimal results based continuous improvement referring to the strategic plan of the oil
companies, in this case, these companies have the resources to implement world class
standards such as PAS 55: 2008, which will optimize their resources, be more
competitive and achieve certification as sensitive operations as mentioned


When John Stuart Mill composed his System of Logic, he maintained that valid application of the comparative method to problems in the moral or social sciences is impossible, or, at best, inadmissible, since it must be based on a priori judgments. Mill founded his objection to the use of this method in social science on two essentially interrelated propositions: the uniqueness of each social event, and the multiplicity and variety of causal factors which may be considered as having a determining influence on these events. Although this conception of the special nature of social events has, on the whole, remained unchanged, social scientists have freely applied the comparative method to the analysis of social problems. History has been outstanding among the social sciences in rejecting longest the application of this method. The main argument against its use was derived from the description of history formulated by Ranke and his school, a description which was endowed with a philosophical underpinning by Windelband and Rickert, who classified sciences according to method into a nomothetic and an ideographic group. History was the ideographic science par excellence, and with the strong historical emphasis that was placed in Germany upon other social sciences as well, there was a tendency to return to the viewpoint of Mill and to regard as scientifically suspect generalizations in social science based on the application of the comparative method.


Soil phosphorus (P) buffering capacity (PBC) is an important soil property that influences the amount of P fertiliser available for plant uptake. However, current methods of determining PBC are time-consuming and uneconomic in most commercial soil testing programs. The current study examined simpler methods of measuring the PBC of a wide range of Australian soils. Phosphorus sorption and extractable P data from 290 soils (initial data set) were collated to define the range of PBC values of Australian agricultural soils. Independently, detailed chemical and physical analyses were undertaken on a second set of 90 agricultural soils (principal data set), which were selected to represent the range of soil properties measured on the initial data set. Relationships between PBCO&S (Ozanne and Shaw 1968) values (P sorbed between solution P concentrations of 0.25 and 0.35 mg P/L) and 11 different single-point P sorption indices and selected soil properties were examined for the principal data set. Whilst relationships between PBCO&S values and selected soil properties such as oxalate-extractable iron and aluminium, and clay content, were generally poor, strong relationships existed between all of the single-point P sorption indices and PBCO&S. Results suggest that PBCO&S values were most closely related to the P buffering indices (PBI+ColP and PBI+OlsP) when a single addition of 1000 mg P/kg was added to soil and either the Colwell or 4.59 × Olsen extractable P were added to the amount of P sorbed:


Noise control in a one-dimensional duct is analyzed. This problem is of practical interest and is also simple enough that a complete theoretical analysis is possible. It is shown that the optimal controller leads to an unstable closed loop. The noise reduction level achievable with a stable closed loop is calculated for arbitrary choices of sensor and actuator locations. This enables the best placement of sensors and actuators to be determined. Also, the analysis indicates that a spatial waterbed effect exists in some configurations of active noise control: i.e., that noise levels are increased for points outside of the region over which the design is done.


Introduction.- Setting the Scene.- Plato and Aristotle.- From the Roman Empire to the Empire of Islam.- The Western Middle Ages.- The Renaissance.- Nicholas Copernicus and a New World.- New Methods of Science.- Bringing Mathematics and Natural Philosophy Together: Johannes Kepler.- Mathematics and Mechanics: Galileo Galilei.- Practice and Theory in Renaissance Medicine: William Harvey and the Circulation of the Blood.- The Spirit of System: Rene Descartes and the Mechanical Philosophy.- The Royal Society and Experimental Philosophy.- Experiment, Mathematics, and Magic: Isaac Newton.- Newton's Legacy: Forces and Fluids (electricity and heat).- The Chemical Revolution: From Newton to John Dalton, via Priestley and Lavoisier.- Natural Theology and Natural Order: Newtonian Optimism and the History of Science.- The Making of Geology: From James Hutton to Charles Lyell via Catastrophism.- The History of Plants and Animals: Successive Emergence or Evolution?.- Religion and Progress in Victorian Britain: Robert Chambers versus Hugh Miller.- Bringing it All Together?: Charles Darwin's Evolution.- Darwinian Aftermaths: Religion Social Science Biology.- Beyond Newton: Energy and Thermodynamics.- Newton Deposed: Einstein and Relativity Theory.- Mathematics Instead of a World Picture: From Atomism to Quantum Theory.- Afterword.- Index.


Chinese traditional sports health preserving is the main method of Chinese national health care, and has made great contributions to the prosperity of the Chinese nation. The development of Chinese traditional sports health preserving in universities can not only promote the physical and mental health of college students, but also cultivate lifelong sports thoughts of college students and promote the spread and prosperity of China's excellent traditional culture. This paper uses literature methods, expert interviews and other research methods, combines with the physical and mental characteristics of college students, discusses the significance, advantages and existing problems of traditional Chinese sports health preserving in universities, and proposes its scientific development strategy. Keywords—Chinese traditional sports health preserving; college students; communication and promotion


Today,China is in the course of social transition and turning into a highly informationalized society.The publishing industry,as one of the content industries,has overemphasized its industrial and economic function,as well as the importance of natural sciences,"individual heroism",and,speed and efficiency.Still,the occupational awareness,i.e.awareness of political responsibility,the improvement of human qualities,cooperation,the best productive quality,and,renovation,should especially be required of book editors.


There are very few experimental results on inclined piles subjected to oblique pulling loads until failure, and the analysis is complicated due to the large number of variables involved and the intricate nature of soil-pile-load interaction. Experimental results on model piles of various inclinations, lengths and surface characteristics under different oblique loading conditions until failure are reported here. Influence of the axial and normal components of the pull on normal and axial displacement of the pile top are discussed.(A)