The invention discloses a cooling method for wind turbine generators. The cooling method includes the steps of setting the start triggering temperature T1 and the stop triggering temperature T2 of forced heat exchange; adopting the natural heat exchange mode for cooling when the temperature of a heating component is lower than the start triggering temperature T1; adopting the natural heat exchange mode and the forced heat exchange mode for cooling when the temperature of the heating component is higher than the start triggering temperature T1; and adopting the natural heat exchange mode for cooling when the temperature of the heating component is lowered to be lower than the stop triggering temperature T2. The invention further discloses a cooling system applying the cooling method. The cooling method is flexible, effective and reliable, and the power consumption of units can be lowered on the basis of guaranteeing normal work of the units. The cooling system can meet the higher heat dissipation requirements of the wind turbine generators on the premise of not enlarging the structural size or increasing the weight of a heat exchanger.


Could a robot be a good actor? Could it build an effective relationship of understanding and empathy with other actors or spectators? This paper offers just a glimpse, a first trace of research of a now important phenomenon that affects the Performing Arts, namely the integration of artificial agents both in the creative process and in the theatrical performance. It will be treated for this purpose by the example of the android Geminoid F, protagonist of the play Sayonara (2010) by Japanese director Oriza Hirata, created by Osaka University's robotics expert Professor Hiroshi Ishiguro, whose gestures have been learned by imitating those of a real professional actress. Watching this android act is an alienating aesthetic experience: from the position of the audience, the boundary between human and robot is unclear. Geminoid F was chosen as co-star in the film of the same name, shot in 2015 by the internationally acclaimed Japanese director Koji Fukada, precisely because of her expressive qualities, as effective as those of a human actor, capable of arousing an empathic reaction in the viewer.


A web-based parameter management system for Shanghai High repetition rate XFEL aNd Extreme light facility (SHINE) is developed for accelerator physicists and researchers to communicate with each other and track the modified history. The system is based on standard J2EE Glassfish platform with MySQL database utilized as backend data storage. The user interface is designed with JavaServer Faces which incorporates MVC architecture. It is of great convenience for researchers in the facility designing process.


Women and men often do not experience equal mobility opportunities in their societies. Increasingly gender is being recognised to play a significant role in transport planning, particularly for addressing individual mobility needs in urban and rural areas. Recent advances in studying mobility behaviours (e.g., data collection through smartphone apps) also allow capturing data on activities done while travelling, as well as factors enhancing or degrading the people's travel experience. By understanding the link between female travellers' preferences, perceived values and behaviour, as well as experienced barriers, transport systems could be better tailored to women activity and mobility needs by putting the women perspective in centre stage. The objective of this paper is to present how the "Mobility and Time Value" (MoTiV) H2020 project addresses mobility value preposition differences across genders and generations in connection with cultural and social contexts in 8 EU countries.


Introduction In vivo 1H MRS can provide significant metabolic information for supporting the diagnosis of different types of cancers, like brain, breast, prostate, colon and ovarian tumours among others. However, the added value of MRS strongly depends on a minimum expertise in processing and analyzing MRS spectra. Although this condition can be easily achieved in medical centres with multidisciplinary teams, it is not universally available for many radiological services. Therefore, a CADS system as automated as possible will be desirable for increasing the use of 1H MRS and for improving the diagnosis and prognosis of different types on cancers. In this communication, we will show the results of the clinical evaluation of the CADS developed in FP-VI eTUMOUR project used in a fully automated and objective manner for supporting brain tumour classification by exclusively using SV 1H MRS data. Subjects and Methods eTUMOUR CADS was installed in 7 different centres (Hospital La Ribera-Alzira, Hospital Clínico Universitario-Valencia, Hospital Quirón, Hospital Universitario Peset, Hospital Josep Trueta-Tarragona, IDI-Badalona, IRCCS Fondazione Instituto Neurologico Mondino-Pavia). An on-line methodology was developed for CADS installation and training. CADS evaluation includes two different questionnaires and a minimum set of fully anonymized data for ten patients, enclosing: i) pathology results; ii) MRI diagnosis; iii) directly and automatic CADS classification and; iv) results of classification of brain tumours by using comparative analysis of average spectra and the spectrum under consideration. The CADS version 1.0.1 (Figure 1) used in this evaluation was designed for solving one of the significant questions, as proposed in the user's requirements: the differences in the aggressiveness in the most common brain tumours, glial, and the difference with meningiomas. SAS® Software was used for Statistical Analysis of CADS evaluation data. The percentage of positive results between CADS, average spectra, radiology and pathology results will be presented for the set of data used in the evaluation. Results An excellent result was obtained for CADS usefulness and applicability from the user's semiquantitative opinion, 86 and 71% respectively. The overall capacity of predicting the true type of tumour (compared with histopathological data) has been calculated for HMRS-CADS and MRI. The percentage of true diagnosis has been calculated considering the true positive evaluations on all evaluations done (79 cases). The capacity of predicting the correct tumour type (compared with histopathological data) is 82.2% for CADS and 78.48% for MRI. The chi-square test comparing the two methods indicated non significant difference (p = 0.548). The overall prediction capacity has been finally computed also for the classification of tumours based on empirical evaluation of the average spectra, showing a percentage of 80.76. Particularly significant are the results obtained for meningiomas, low grade and high grade glial tumours classification from CADS software in comparison to MRI results. For meningiomas the Sensitivity and Specificity were 0.70 and 0.91, respectively, for CADS classification and 0.75 and 0.99 for MRI diagnosis. However, for low grade glial tumours the Sensitivity and Specificity were 0.96 and 0.89 from CADS classification and 0.74 and 0.91 for MRI diagnosis. Finally, for high grade glial tumours the Sensitivity and Specificity were 0.77 and 0.91 from CADS classification and 0.83 and 0.84 for MRI diagnosis. Discussion/Conclusion After initial explanation of the characteristics of the MRS/CADS software, the impressions expressed by the investigators were of easy applicability of the system, user friendly interface, easy visualisation of MR spectra, and usefulness in the MR spectra processing. At the end of the study, such impressions were confirmed by most operators after having experienced the MRS/CADS system. The overall satisfaction was rated positively by five operators (71.4%), while two operators (28.6 %) were not satisfied (Figure 2). Secondary end-points, represented by the calculation of sensitivity / specificity of MRI and MRS/CADS to correctly diagnose brain tumors with reference to the final diagnosis based on all available diagnostic tools including biopsy, indicated slightly higher performance of HMRS-CADS, for low-grade and aggressive glial tumors whereas MRI showed an higher AUC in meningioma tumours..The overall percentage of prediction was higher (82.2%) for HMRS-CADS compared with MRI (78.5%). In addition, the empirical evaluation of the average spectra made by the expert radiologist showed a capacity of prediction of 80.76 with reference to the histopathological data. Acknowledgments eTUMOUR project FP6-2002-LSH-503094, Spanish Government Project SAF2007-6547


In line with the student-centered teaching methodology,the paper presents a teaching plan for the Plastic Injection Molding class in higher vocational colleges,and it also discusses the feasibility of applying the methods to the practical teaching.


This paper describes an innovative approach to develop high density and ultra-thin solid aluminum capacitors for high voltage automotive applications that sustain high temperatures. Form factors of less than 100 µm thickness are achieved with densities of 16.85, 1.91, 1.13, and 0.705 µF/cm2, for capacitors anodized to 10, 100, 150, and 200 V respectively. The capacitors exhibit good frequency stability up to 100 kHz and demonstrate the first aluminum capacitors to come in such a thin format. These capacitors can be used in new era automotive electronics where high density and high voltage stability is critical.


In the visual threshold of public welfare,the crux of justice is to show loving care for the social vulnerable groups and help them to live an honor life.The problem of the social vulnerable groups is the best important problem demanding prompt solution in order to carry out the socialist fairness and justice.The government at different levels in china must take the fairness and justice as the cornerstone of making the policy about helping the social vulnerable groups,change their unfavorable situation,and guarantee their basic rights and interests.


My dissertation concerns the application of constraint-based reasoning to parametric engineering design (Murtagh 1991).1 It deals with the practical application of constraint networks, using automated reasoning to overcome some of the blind spots in conventional iterative design.


The control of a single-phase grid-connected energy storage system (ESS) requires a very fast and accurate estimation of grid voltage frequency and phase angle. A phase-locked loop (PLL) based synchronization algorithm usually extracts this information. The operation and control of the entire system are directly affected by the performance of PLL. In this article, a novel advanced single-phase PLL (ASϕPLL) technique with reduced complexity is proposed for the fast and accurate extraction of grid information in an ESS under distorted and abnormal grid conditions, including harmonics, interharmonics, dc offset, and grid faults. The proposed method provides a faster dynamic response, lower frequency overshoot, and accurate estimation under off-nominal grid frequencies with reduced computational complexity in comparison with the existing method. The advanced performance of the proposed ASϕPLL is verified through the simulation and experimental results.


A closed expression is obtained for the mutual inductance of any arrangement of stacked circular coils between which a thin film of superconducting material is inserted.


The influence of very low temperatures (-183…-185 °С) on the viability of apple-tree pollen, cuttings of plum and apricot is analyzed. The effect of concentration of sucrose on pollen germination of the Bolotovskoye apple cultivar is shown: the optimum concentrations are 10 and 15 % of sucrose. Рollen germinated in the dark demonstrates viability 1,5-2 times higher than in the light. After cryopreservation under ultra-low temperatures the viability of pollen was 36,4 %. The viability of plum cuttings after storage in liquid nitrogen was in the range from 43,4 ± 3,8 % to 66,7± 3,3 % depending on the variety. Grafted cuttings of apricot after storage in nitrogen vapor showed almost the same survival rate - from 53,3±8,81 % to 70,0±15,3 %.


Inflammation is a response of vascularized living tissue to the local injury. Due The severe side effects of steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs evoked us to search for new anti-inflammatory drugs from the indigenous source. Hence, the present work was scrutinized to explore the anti-inflammatory activity of whole plant of Dodonaea viscosa.. The powdered leaves of D. viscosa were extracted with hydroalcohol and n-hexane successively. The anti-inflammatory activity was studied using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema at the dose of (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. p.o.) of hydroalcoholic and n-hexane extract respectively. The hydroalcoholic extract of D. viscosa exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity at the dose of 100 & 200 mg/kg than the n-hexane extract. Indomethacin (10 mg/kg b.w. p.o) had exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity.


A novel active screen plasma nitriding (ASPN) process provided excellent temperature homogeneity in the load and showed further progress in the control of nitriding potential. The main difference of the ASPN to conventional plasma process is the replacement of the glow discharge from the components to a separate metal mesh screen (active screen) surrounding the entire workload. Highly reactive gas species are produced on the active screen and directed towards the component surface. The principles of the ASPN process are based on the well known phenomenon of post-discharge nitriding. Excited neutrals in different excitation states and atomic nitrogen were found to play a decisive role in the nitriding process during the post-discharge. Recently, the low admixtures of methane (below 1%) in the process gas have indicated a considerable increase of nitrogen mass transfer due to chemisorption phenomenon. For example, addition of 0.25% of methane to the process gas leads to the significant increase of nitrogen surface concentration and diffusion depth. The activation effect of methane can be attributed to the CN and HCN radicals generated in the N 2 -H 2 -CH 4 plasma. For the first time a combination of several powerful optical spectroscopic methods: in-situ mid infrared tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) and ex-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) together with the optical emission spectroscopy (OES) has been applied in this work. In-situ diagnostics of chemical phenomena in the N 2 –H 2 –CH 4


Marine environment disposes a plethora of bioactive compounds with unique properties and remarkable potential for biotechnological applications. A lot of those compounds can be used by the food industry as natural preservatives, pigments, stabilizers, gelling agents, etc., while others exhibits beneficial effects and can be used as functional food ingredients, nutraceuticals, dietary supplements and prebiotics. Interdisciplinary approach is required to increase our knowledge, explore the potential of marine environment and produce value-added food for all.


Auto-ID technologies such as bar coding have been used in the retailing and manufacturing industries for many years, yet their use within the construction industry has been very limited. The technology has improved considerably over the past 20 years and there are opportunities for its application to construction. This paper considers the technology and the barriers to its application in construction. Consideration is given to how other industries have adopted auto-ID and the driving forces of change. A framework for the development of an auto-ID standard in construction is described.


This study aims to see the effectiveness of the role of the Special Job Fair at SMK SMTI Banda Aceh in enhancing graduates employability to the Business/Industry World. This study uses a qualitative method by conducting interviews with the Industrial Relations Team and Alumni of SMK SMTI Banda Aceh and the Special Job Exchange Unit of SMK SMTI Banda Aceh with a focus on graduate data from 2016 to 2021 which includes the total number of graduates and the number of graduates working in The Business/Industry World, the graduates who are entrepreneurs, and the graduates who continue their education. The results showed that the role of the Special Job Fair SMK SMTI Banda Aceh in marketing graduates to The Business and Industrial was effective. This can be seen from the number of graduates who work and are being an entrepreneur,is increasing every year except for 2021. In 2021, there is a decrease in the number of graduates who work due to the COVID-19 pandemic situation. Many Special Job Fair program activities cannot be implemented due to efforts to overcome the covid-19 pandemic which has an impact on the distribution of graduates to The Business/Industry World.


Encouraging the effective sharing and transfer of intellectual assets is the foundation of knowledge management (KM) and key to innovation (Prusak, 2001). Conceptually this is not difficult to grasp, yet KM remains veiled in confusion (Call, 2005). Early efforts in the field emphasised technology as a means to mange knowledge. As KMmoves in to a second generation of research, knowledge is seen as that which resides within individuals and while the role of technology is acknowledged, a more psychological /HR approach is taken in order to realise effective KM practices. The aim of this special issue is to present new perspectives of knowledge management, how these might relate specifically to the tourism sector, and how best to meet the challenges associated with this. While KM is possibly an evolutionary rather than a revolutionary development, there are several aspects of this current phenomenon which taken together represent a significant change in the way organisations manage people, processes and information and, as KM begins to find a balance, it is important to identify salient issues and to produce a body of empirical results that relate to the tourism sector and the role it plays in a knowledge-based economy. While knowledge acquisition is fundamentally a learning process, what is of special interest to this issue are KMpractices that lead to effective dissemination and utilisation of research output. Since there has been an abundance of theorising and conceptualisation in these areas, it was thought important to move discussions forward to how these theories and concepts do (or do not) fit in an applied setting. Thanks go to the authors and reviewers, and the fertile, yet frequently conflicting comments among reviewers demonstrated the vexation often associatedwith the topic area itself. Today's Information Age has seen discussions of KM move to centre stage, yet the enigmatic nature of knowledge, and in turn, how best to 'manage' it continue to fuel enthusiastic debate among academics and practitioners alike. In spite of the plethora of attention paid to the topic there remains no obvious prescriptive model, which is clearly a source of frustration to those who would initiate KM systems, and justification in the minds of many to dismiss it as just another management fad. In the first article of this special issue, Beesley and Cooper present an overview of the evolution of KM and demonstrate why it should not be considered as 'just another management fad' or indeed even as a management technique. Rather they argue that KM is an approach to management that organisations must master if they are to survive in an increasingly competitive environment – KM is a philosophy that should anchor organisational life. From this perspective they present a holistic approach to KM and identify key elements that must work in synchronicity if the espoused benefits are to be realised.


To investigate the frequency of phenotype profiling of patients with idiopathic overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome, and to determine the effectiveness of treatment among individuals with different pathophysiologic profiles.


L ipid membrane fusion is a process whereby two membrane-bound entities merge into a single entity, with the initially discrete membranes and their enclosed contents mixed together (Fig. 1). This biological process is vital for living organisms. Many cellular events, such as the release of neurotransmitters, the invasion of enveloped viruses and the conception for sexual reproduction, involve membrane fusion. Given the ubiquity and importance of fusion in cellular activities, any abnormality in fusion can be pathogenic. Understanding the mechanism of fusion hence bears a biomedical relevance, whether it is to develop therapeutic means to target diseases related to fusion abnormality or to improve the preventive measures against viral invasions.


The Cheshire Cat's grinning reply in Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, widely used in management training, is often followed by the training course leader's question "if you don't know where you are going, how will you know when you get there?" It's as simple and as complex at that! It is about strategic planning and purpose, so that fitness of, and for, purpose can be aligned and so that "what works" can be judged. Consider, then, not only of the current prominence accorded to the "what works" agenda in education, but, pace Brecht's stylish parody in Arturo Ui, the resistible rise of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) within that agenda. The simple statement that where we want to go informs which path we take frequently seems to be lost on those who consider RCTs to be self-evidently the top of a mysterious tree or pyramid of educational research designs. They have no place there, nor are there hierarchies of research. Rather, fitness for purpose, so blindingly obvious, appears to have blinded the eyes of those who condemn to a pit of worthlessness any research that does not use RCTs, or who believe that the only path to salvation is an RCT. How ridiculous it is, in societies which proclaim their adherence to precepts and principles of diversity and inclusion, that so much store is set on RCTs alone, or, if their advocates deign to admit the presence of lower pond-life, on other less worthy methods. Heaven forfend that we use case studies, action research, small-scale research, careful observational research, and we damn with faint praise the use of qualitative research for anything apart from bolstering up RCTs with concomitant process evaluations. Perhaps we exaggerate for the sake of heuristic clarity. The point is that, just as in other walks of life, the "gold standard" has long been abandoned, opening the door to a range of other ways of ensuring quality and currency. There is no "one best way", just as in science (to which RCTs appeal) there is no singular "scientific method" (St. Pierre, 2002; Thomas, 2016; Wrigley & McCusker, 2019). The four papers in this issue attest to diversity and inclusion, accepting that there are many paths to understanding "what works". Weiss, Lerche, Muckenthaler, Heimlich, and Kiel, researching inclusive schools, use structural equation modelling to show that "the extent to which self-reported adaptive instruction is implemented by teachers depends, above all, on the teachers themselves, their characteristics, and their participation in joint activities". Not an RCT in sight. Trinidad's paper reports that "rising and stable high expectations increase the likelihood of entering and graduating from college. However, the opposite is true for those with falling and volatile low expectations.... These findings suggest the salience of expectation stability, and the need to help students sustain and manage their expectations". Again, not an RCT in sight. Of course, experimentation should not be ruled out; rather, diversity and inclusion should be celebrated as they serve fitness for purpose. Experiments are but one out of many approaches in the arsenal of research methods. Hence, this issue includes the report on a "quasi-natural experiment" from Stöver, in which studying "the impact of a shortened schooling time on


PURPOSE: To reduce the thermal, electrical and optical crosstalk of a monolithic array of a semiconductor laser slightly separated but independently addressable by using separating regions. CONSTITUTION: The separating regions are segmented by the ribs 40a, 40b loaded with waveguides formed on a planar active multilayer waveguides by the mesa formed between adjacent laser elements 12a, 12b to be etched away. Next, even metal contact 58 is added to a substrate while separated metallic contacts 50a, 50b are added to respective ribs 40a, 40b to provide the laser elements 12a, 12b with individual addressability. In such a constitution, a selectively added insulating layer 46 is added to the structure so as to provide it with improved electrical and/or thermal separation (insulation). COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


A 61-yr-old man presented with a 1-yr history of mild right shoulder pain that increased with shoulder abduction and flexion over 90 degrees. His visual analog scale pain score was 40 mm on a 100-mm scale. He reported that pain relief was achieved with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication and that the pain did not disturb his sleep. He had a negative history of trauma and concomitant disease. Physical examination showed full passive and active shoulder range of motion but movements beyond 90 degrees and also active abduction against resistance caused pain. Hawkins test and Neer_s impingement sign were negative. There was tenderness with palpation of the deltoid insertion, but no swelling or neurologic deficit. Plain X-ray radiologic examination findings of the humerus were suspicious for cortical irregularity (Fig. 1). A computed tomographic scan showed an 8-mm 4-mm lesion that was forming fractures in the outer layer of the humeral cortex at the deltoid insertion but no periosteal reaction (Fig. 2). Magnetic resonance imaging showed mild cortical irregularity and low signal intensity on T1-weighted sequences (Fig. 3) and high signal intensity on T2-weighted sequences (Fig. 4) at the deltoid insertion site. The patient was diagnosed as having pseudotumor deltoideus based on the magnetic resonance imaging findings and was administered physical therapy (hot pack, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, ultrasound, and gentle range of motion exercises) for 15 sessions. The patient responded well to physical therapy, and his visual analog scale pain score decreased to 10 mm. Although irregularity where the deltoid muscle is inserted into the humerus is not a common radiologic finding, when present with pain and disability, it may suggest FIGURE 1 Anteroposterior X-ray of the right humerus shows mild irregularity at the deltoidmuscle insertion site.


Steel became a common construction material for bridges, replacing timber and masonry construction to achieve longer span crossings. These structures are still functioning well, although the majority of them are now considered to have sub-standard capacity in the 21st Century. Steel bridge members and components are commonly affected by chemical agents in exposed air, water, and soil. These chemicals trigger and accelerate the corrosion of steel and the need to have more maintenance and repairs. Vehicles impacting low clearance bridge members can cause momentous damage to these structures.


In this work, a rolling schedule has been developed, which allows the scrapped S60 railway rail to be used for further processing into semi-finished or finished products. The main purpose of the investigations was to develop the shape and dimensions the rolling grooves and to select the strains in various passes in the ploughshare rolling process. The main problem during roll pass design was the ploughshare shape which is asymmetric and has a varying thickness along the width. The developed roll pass design consist of five passes: one open shape pass, one edging pass and three closed shape passes. The first open shape pass is characterized by an unusual shape which tends to reduce the band asymmetricality in the horizontal axis in such a manner as to prevent the formation of lapping in the sharp corner areas resulting from cutting. Based on the numerical modelling it has been found that the developed roll pass design allows the production of a ploughshare of dimensions conforming to the dimensional assumptions. For the numerical modelling of the rolling process, the Forge2008® computer program was employed.


This paper presents the modeling and development of a wind turbine emulator using a 2.5 KW 1750 RPM DC motor coupled to a 1.5 KW 1500 RPM SEIG to assist the condition monitoring of Wind turbine. Mathematical modeling of wind turbine, separately excited DC-Machine and SEIG coupled with capacitor bank are realized in Matlab/Simulink environment. The effectiveness of the setup was found by comparing the error between various parameters calculated by the simulation  model and actual WTE setup- under both static and dynamic conditions. Response of SEIG has also been analyzed under different load conditions. Operating performance of the generated current and voltage using the FFT has also been analysed.The proposed approach was implemented on Advantech-4704 real-time interface card and LABVIEW real-time control programming. The developed WTE can analyzed or reconfigured for condition monitoring of WECS without need of real wind turbines.


This chapter mentions the space debris, observation, space debris' accidents, and the legal problems on the compensation for space damage caused by space debris and relation to the 1972 Space Liability Convention. Space debris is an enemy for mankind. The author comments on the new Draft for the International Instrument on the Protection of the Earth Environment from Damage Caused by Space Debris and presents his proposal on the new legal frame for the prevention and mitigation of space debris and the damage caused by space debris. Frequently, space debris falls back to the Earth, which poses a potential threat to man's exploration and use of outer space activities. Space debris comprise the ever-increasing amount of inactive space hardware in orbit around the Earth as well as fragments of spacecraft that have broken up, exploded, or otherwise become abandoned. It is the author's firm opinion that only international and regional cooperation could solve the problem of environmental pollution including damage caused by space debris.


The World Wide Web (WWW or the Web) is the fastest growing service of the Internet. The paper covers a portion of the corresponding conference talk. The talk provides an overview of the Internet, the World Wide Web, and the College on Simulation of INFORMS Home Page. The talk is either online or the simulation of an online session (surfing) of the Web. It hopefully provides the background and the incentive to turn the audience into WWW enthusiasts. No knowledge of the Internet or the WWW is assumed.


Analytical and simulation models are described which can evaluate the use of automatic dependent surveillance (ADS) with precise navigation for intersecting track route structures. Although the analysis is applied for an area where Loran-C is available, it is also relevant to GPS. It is shown that, by combining ADS and accurate navigation such as Loran-C, it may be possible to raise the flow rates on intersecting tracks by as much as an order of magnitude over those possible using current over-the-ocean air traffic control (ATC) procedures. This new concept would provide for the same level of safety as current procedures.


For any group G with subgroup H and a set of representatives T from the set of cosets G/H, we develop a rewriting system from G that bequeaths a product into the set decomposition T × H of G, converting it into a group. In return the rewriting system also describes any product between elements in G in terms of elements from T and H, while we gain a new universal group-isomorphism between G and T ×H. From this framework we develop the concept of Diffracted Groups.


The fierce and flat artistic styles are two mainstreams in Zhou Zuoren's early works.Sometimes these two styles are prominent respectively,while sometimes they are contained by each other,showing the trend from"fierce"to"flat".With the ebb and flow of these tow factors,a complicated style with contradictory and uniform traits had come into being in Zhou's essays.


This study was conducted to investigate the effects of three different concentrations (6%, 8% and 10% final volume) of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on cryopreserved sperm of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Grass carp sperm was suspended in Kurokura extender #2 and equilibrated at 4℃ for 10 min. French straws (0.25 ml) of sperm were frozen from 4℃ to -4℃ at a rate of 4℃ min?¹ and then from -4℃ to -80℃ at a rate of 11℃ min?¹. The straws were kept at -80℃ for 10 min and finally stored in liquid nitrogen (-196℃). The cryopreserved sperm was thawed in a water bath at 40℃ for 30 sec and fertilization, hatching rate and larval malformation were compared with fresh sperm (control). The fertilization rate of post-thawed sperm was comparable (from 88.21% to 94.30%) to that of fresh sperm. However, hatching rate of all frozen sperm were significantly lower (P<0.05) than that of control. Additionally, the larval abnormality rate of frozen sperm was significantly higher than that of fresh sperm. The results indicate that DMSO could affect the quality of cryopreserved sperm of grass carp, and a freezing program and a proper extender composition should be further studied.


Jon McGregor's Reservoir 13 (2017) is set in an unnamed village in the UK's Peak District and, in thirteen chapters that each cover a year, depicts the everyday lives of the humans, plants, and animals in that area. The novel is notable for giving equal emotional significance to human and non-human life, and for being composed of vignettes focused on characters or groups that are arranged chronologically without deference to a dramatic arc. These characteristics ally Reservoir 13 with the contemporary novels being categorised as narratives of community or composite novels, which often use locations to bring together disparate characters. Within this context, Reservoir 13 's unusual focus on non-human life raises questions about how the place of the non-human in literary communities is framed by composite or fragmented narrative structures. This paper concludes that Reservoir 13 can be seen as an example of a posthuman literary community: through its fragmented structure, externally focalised narration, and inclusion of disparate forms of human and non-human life, McGregor crafts a community not as it might be experienced by one human – the bird's eye view of the third-person narrator covers too much ground for this – but as a theoretical perspective. In the nascent field of posthuman narratology, Reservoir 13 is an apt case study for showing how twenty-first-century writing might construct a posthuman community with the conundrum of the anthropocentrism and humanism of the novel form lurking in the background.


Mindfulness is a form of meditation that can be defined as one's ability to be present to the surroundings and environment, and not overreact to what is happening around us. With the recent pandemic still affecting the world, more studies have recently become known describing the suitability of mindfulness to prevent and manage mental health. This fact alone offers grounds for mindfulness practices to be added to any stressful environment, including Institutions of higher education and the workforce. Even more, mindfulness practices have a strong link to brain function, increasing cognitive ability, memory, and emotional regulators. The objective of mindfulness-based practices is to experience cognitive flexibility and attentional focus, essential traits for students and health-care professionals in today's world . As a College of Pharmacy, training future healthcare workers, we wanted to decide whether mindfulness practices might be of benefit to be included in the curriculum. experience less mental, emotional, and physical symptoms associated with stress, burnout, or feelings of hopelessness. Several studies discuss the improvements that mindfulness-based meditation has on cognitive flexibility and attentional functions. We widen our search to reveal the impact that mindfulness-based meditation has in the stress observed in education, students and healthcare professionals. Higher education and health professionals are more likely to experience severe stress and suffer from enervation. We concluded that, in our line of work, those pursuing higher education and health professional degrees would benefit from practicing mindfulness. Incorporating mindfulness-based meditation can help alleviate these symptoms and improve not only the quality of life and learning, but also the patient-doctor interaction.


Power estimates prior to data collection are an essential part of good research planning. The procedures for estimating power when comparing proportions or percentages are more complex than they are when comparing means. Current procedures for estimating power when comparing two independent proportions are found in sources with limited availability and are confusing to many researchers. Procedures for estimating the power for detecting a difference between two independent proportions require the arcsine transformation of proportions. This transformation is intimidating to many researchers who lack confidence in their mathematical skills. These factors no doubt account, in part, for the fact that power estimates are even less common when comparing proportions than they are when comparing means. In addition, the arcsine transformation robs the "effect size" of some of its intuitive appeal because this metric is unfamiliar and does not consistently correspond to differences in percentages or proportions; it has ambiguous direct meaning. Quick power estimates for detecting a difference in two population proportions are expedient during the early phases of research planning; these estimates are tabled and graphed in this article and facilitate the determination of quick power estimates for various differences between two independent proportions. These estimates are shown to be conservative but quite accurate for most research situations (i.e., when the proportions fall in the range of .25 to .75).


Abstract Objective This study investigated the effect of cervical and lumbar transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) combined with intensive training to improve walking and autonomic function after chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods Two 64-year-old men with chronic motor incomplete cervical SCI participated in this single-subject design study. They each underwent 2 months of intensive locomotor training and 2 months of multisite cervical and lumbosacral tSCS paired with intensive locomotor training. Results The improvement in 6-Minute Walk Test distance after 2 months of tSCS with intensive training was threefold greater than after locomotor training alone. Both participants improved balance ability measured by the Berg Balance Scale and increased their ability to engage in daily home exercises. Gait analysis demonstrated increased step length for each individual. Both participants experienced improved sensation and bowel function, and 1 participant eliminated the need for intermittent catheterization after the stimulation phase of the study. Conclusion These results suggest that noninvasive spinal cord stimulation might promote recovery of locomotor and autonomic functions beyond traditional gait training in people with chronic incomplete cervical SCI. Impact Multisite transcutaneous spinal stimulation may induce neuroplasticity of the spinal networks and confer functional benefits following chronic cervical SCI.


The research investigates the representation of the president Eurico Gaspar Dutra in caricatures and cartoons published in the newspapers of the Brazilian Communist Party (PCB) since 1945 until the Dutra government's end in 1951. The frequency with which the drawings appear and the choices made by the artists who created them are directly related to the ideological options of communists and play an important role in the political struggle of the period. The images build another view about the traditional process called "redemocratization", after the Estado Novo dictatorship (1937-1945).


The application of virtual synchronous generator (VSG) in new energy grid connected power generation and microgrid application has become a research hotspot. When VSG technology is used for primary frequency regulation control of energy storage, it can be not solved the possibility that the frequency and voltage of microgrid will change greatly. Due to sudden increase or drop of load or adjustment of new energy power generation power under isolated operation mode of microgrid which will eventually lead to failure of microgrid re-grid operation. The secondary frequency modulation control is proposed to reestablish the active power frequency balance point and reactive power voltage balance point of the microgrid system under the island operation mode. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by building a simulation model of wind, light and storage combined microgrid on the simulation platform.


The similarity in the masses of the proton and the neutron, and the extremely large scattering cross-section for hydrogen make neutron an ideal probe for studying the dynamics of hydrogen in materials. With neutron scattering it is possible to measure the excitation energies of hydrogen as well as the intensity maps I (Q, e) at those excitations in a wide Q-range. The measurements of the intensity map I (Q, e) directly probe the shape of the hydrogen wave function, and can give us the further novel information for the exact hydrogen potential.This new method was applied to determined the hydrogen potential in the hydrogen bond for the first time.


We present HST WFPC2 and ground-based images of the low surface brightness dwarf Irr/Sph galaxy KKR 25 in Draco. Its colour-magnitude diagram shows red giant branch stars with the tip at $I= 22\fm32$, and the presence of some blue stars. The derived true distance modulus, $26\fm35 \pm 0\fm14$, corresponds to linear distances of KKR 25 from the Milky Way and from the Local Group centroid of 1.86 and 1.79 Mpc, respectively. The absolute magnitude of the galaxy, M V = -10.48, its linear diameter (0.54 Kpc) and central surface brightness ($\Sigma_{0,V}=24\fm0\pm0\fm2/\sq\arcsec$) are typical of other dIrr/dSphs in the Local Group. Being situated just beyond the radius of the zero-velocity surface of the Local Group, KKR 25 moves away from the LG centroid at a velocity of $V_{LG} = + 72 $ km s -1 .


Economic growth in Northeast Asia during the last 50 years has, by any standards, been remarkable. This major four-volume set draws together some of the most influential papers published on the growth and industrial transformation of the economies of Japan, Korea, Taiwan and Hong Kong.


In the information age, using network to study has become a new trend for obtaining knowledge and cultivating the capacity of human being. The learning strategy in network environment is a brand new strategy, representing the future way of thinking and living, even the way of surviving for human being. It determines the learning efficiency and success of learners. Article mainly states how to cultivate students' network learning strategy from three aspects, namely, study meaning of network learning strategy, connotation and features of network learning environment, and training methods of network learning strategy.


E-learning refers to the way by which the learning content is provided by means of electronic technology. E-learning system is classified as either synchronous or asynchronous. It is the effective learning process so that the web-based learning system has become a promising paradigm in education. Agent based E-learning can manage the information overload, serve as academic experts, and create programming environments for the learners. There are several characteristics specific to E-learning system such as Interaction, Personalization, Adaptation, Intelligence, Interoperability, Accessibility and Security. Agent based architecture for E-learning system provides the above mentioned features to support instructional design, to retrieve relevant learning materials, to process and analyze data to enable meaningful E-learning recommendations to instructors and learners. But most of the existing E-learning architectures doesn't consider all the features in a single system. So there is a need for a generic architecture that should support all the features to make the E-learning system more efficient. In this paper, we provide a generic architecture for E-learning system. This architecture considers interactivity, personalization, adaptation, interoperability, collaboration, security to enhance the quality of learning process.


ABSTRACT WeChat business is an emerging way of doing business in China, which can be considered as a marriage between traditional e-business and social networking communications. In WeChat business, firms have developed customer relationships along two distinct ways: business relationships and friendships. However, research on the combination of business relationships and friendships is relatively nascent, and there are contradictory findings. In this study, we examine the effectiveness of the two relationship strategies using data from a field experiment through the WeChat platform by an apparel firm. Results from the field experiment suggest that development of friendships with new customers can help the strategy of developing business relationships; but developing friendships and business relationships with experienced customers negates each other. The study contributes to the literature on relationship marketing and role theory, and helps WeChat managers clarify how new social networking relationships with customers can be effectively leveraged.


A search for the Standard Model Higgs boson decaying to W⁺W⁻ is presented. Data is taken from pp collisions with center of mass energy sqrt(s) = 7 TeV at the LHC using the CMS detector over the course of 2011. The sum of the data collected amounts to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb⁻. Identification of W⁺W⁻ candidates is performed by searching for leptonic decays of both W bosons. The resulting signature is two oppositely charged leptons, electrons or muons, plus significant missing transverse energy in the final state. The other Standard Model processes which only serve as background to the Higgs boson search are removed via a series of selections aimed to reduce the backgrounds while keeping the highest possible signal-to-background ratio. The Higgs boson signal is identified over the non-resonant W⁺W⁻ production by exploiting the spin correlation of the H [right arrow] WW decays. Details concerning the analysis selection criteria, the data-driven estimates of the major background processes and the systematic uncertainties of the analysis are all presented in detail. As no significant excess of events are observed above the Standard Model background estimates, upper limits are set on the Higgs boson production with respect to the Standard Model prediction. Exclusion of the Higgs boson is extended with respect to previous measurements to a range of 132- 238 GeV with a 95% confidence level


The new book, Navigating the Minefield: A Practical KM Companion, is based on interviews with individuals who have created and managed successful knowledge management programs.


There is a conspicuous lacuna in the Environmental Protection Act (EPA) 1990 because it imposes no legal duty on statutory bodies to clear litter from aquatic environments (rivers, canals and lakes) in England and Wales. This paper identifies a significant gap in the law on aquatic environmental protection by undertaking doctrinal research, including contextual analysis of references to rivers in 'soft' law (e.g., policy documents such as the Conservative Government's Litter Strategy) and 'hard law' (e.g., legislation including the EPA 1990); an examination of the problems with existing legal frameworks in this sphere and an exploration of legislative and practical measures which could protect our rivers and other inland waterways from litter. A legislative amendment to the EPA is proposed with discussion of whether imposing a duty on an existing body or a new, specialised body to clear litter from rivers will ameliorate these problems. The intention behind this paper is to initiate an informed debate on how to protect aquatic environments from the harmful effects of litter.


Sr 0.7 Bi 2.4 Ta 2 O 9 (SBT) thin films were deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrates with and without a seed layer of ∼40 nm thickness using sol-gel and spin coating methods. The influence of seed layer on the phase formation characteristics of SBT thin films was investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. Formation of pyrochlore as well as Aurivillius phase was observed in both the unseeded and seeded SBT films heated at 740°C. However, it was revealed that Aurivillius phase formation was enhanced in seeded SBT thin films and pyrochlore phase formation was highly suppressed. In this study, two possible mechanisms for the suppression of pyrochlore phase formation were proposed from the perspectives of activation energy difference for Aurivillius and pyrochlore phase formation and Bi-ion diffusion to pyrochlore phase.


Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the agreement between body adiposity index (BAI) and body fat percentage using air displacement plethysmography (ADP) in African American females. Methods Seventy-two African American females (28.9 ± 10.2 yr) participated in the study. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationships among waist circumference, hip circumference (HC), BAI, body mass index (BMI), and %BFADP. Bland–Altman plots were generated to analyze agreement between BAI and %BFADP. Results BAI and BMI were highly correlated with each other and %BFADP. BAI was more accurate in African American females within the normal BMI category but underestimated more in overweight and obese categories. However, the number of false-negative results when evaluating obesity was the same for BAI and BMI within this sample, which suggests their value as a clinical tool may be similar. HC was correlated with %BFADP. However, waist circumference correlated stronger than HC in the obese group. Conclusion The strong correlations of BAI and BMI to body fat percent were similar to previous studies in other races/ethnicities and methods. BAI underestimates body fat percent more with increasing levels of adiposity possibly because of the accumulation of fat in areas not captured by an HC measure.


The palm oil industry is an excellent source for huge quantities of highly useful biomass. Utilization of oil palm biomass-based materials for the removal of environmental pollutants appears to be a viable solution in the lights of promoting sustainable development. This article aims to review recent advances in the preparation of adsorbent from different parts of oil palm biomass for the removal of heavy metal and organic environmental pollutants from water. Physical and chemical factors that enhance the applicability of oil palm waste as adsorbents are also discussed. It is clear that each part of the oil palm biomass is potentially applicable as biosorbents for most environmental pollutants and the capability could be further enhanced through modifications in accordance with its intended pollutants. Modifications by chemical treatments such as acidic, basic or drying agent treatments under optimum dosages have been found to have significant effects on the selectivity of the analyte absorption. In general, basic treatment is more suitable for common pollutants such as metals, pesticide and basic dyes. Meanwhile, the acidic treatment is more suitable for non-polar organic pollutants such as phenols. Recent trends in the application of oil palm biomass as biosorbents are also discussed that together open new doors to sustainable development.


Trap and haul programmes are used to conserve fish populations by circumventing high mortality locations or events and enhancing population abundance by reintroducing fish to historical habitats and mitigating for fish passage limitations. Spring‐run Chinook salmon are transported in trucks upstream of barrier dams in Willamette River Tributaries as part of fish conservation efforts. Fish mortalities occurring during hauling minimize the utility of the effort because natural origin fish are targeted for theses outplanting efforts. The objectives of this study were to develop models predicting hauling mortality and identify optimal hauling densities that minimize mortality risk and effort. We used an information‐theoretic approach to evaluate multiple models predicting hauling mortality. Predictors identified varied between the two dams evaluated but were related to operations and annual or in‐river conditions. The amount of time loading fish and the density of fish in tank trucks were positively associated with hauling mortality. Instream flows and thermal exposure were also identified as factors predicting with hauling mortality. We used the results of model selection to predict mortality risk and calculate daily hauling effort. Risk and effort were combined into a utility to identify optimal hauling densities for varying numbers of fish to haul and transport truck volume. Optimal hauling densities varied between dams reflecting whether loading time or hauling density was associated with hauling mortality. This analysis provides managers a way to integrate research, monitoring, and management to improve understanding of factors associated with hauling mortality and adjust optimal hauling densities using adaptive management.


This paper presents an overview and systematic analysis of various design methods for obtaining the observer corrective action gains for stable and precise estimation of synchronous reluctance motor speed. The structure of the reduced order observer consider stator current and extended back electromotive force vectors as observer state variables in stationary reference frame and utilize robust correction mechanism for speed estimation of synchronous reluctance motor. The effect of change in machine inductances on observer estimation accuracy is also discussed. Evaluation is given through simulation results of considered synchronous reluctance motor drive.


The paper focuses on portfolio selection based on the approach to index tracking minimizing tracking error variance. The idea of this approach is to replicate a suitably chosen financial index as a convex linear combination (i.e. portfolio) of pre-selected assets that are components of the given synthetic financial index. In this approach, a tracking portfolio that performs as best as the financial index serving the function of benchmark and follows its path of returns is constructed and sought. However, a question arises whether the replication portfolio found under the tracking error variance minimization strategy should be left without alterations (non-rebalanced) or adjusted in respect to market movements (or rebalanced). This is of practical implications as rebalancing induces undesirable transaction costs, and the investor must choose whether he will rebalance his portfolio on a regular periodic basis. In the paper, under the tracking error variance minimization approach, practical aspects of both the buy-and-hold strategy and the rebalancing strategy are investigated with respect to net returns (returns including transaction costs) and to portfolio volatility.


Ecocriticism is a relatively new field of study in literary studies, but with greater awareness of the increasing urgency of the environmental crisis it has, since the 1990s, received more attention from literary critics. Shortly after the establishment of ecocriticism as a legitimate field of study a new subfield developed, that of urban ecocriticism. In urban ecocriticism the focus is on environmental issues emerging from the specifics of an urban environment . This mini-dissertation presents an overview of ecocriticism and specifically urban ecocriticism and uses urban ecocriticism as reading strategy to discuss twelve poems set in Johannesburg. The dissertation looks at differences between the biocentric view and the anthropocentric view of nature and man's place in it. Conceptual frameworks emerge in an eco-feminist reading, showing the dualistic view of culture as "male" and nature as "female" as well as the vertical organization of a culture, where a lesser moral value is attached to the lower entity .


Space elevator concepts for low-cost space launches are reviewed. Previous concepts suffered from requirements for ultra-high-strength materials, dynamically unstable systems, or from danger of collision with space debris. The use of magnetic grain streams solves these problems. Magnetic grain streams can support short space elevators for lifting payloads cheaply into Earth orbit, overcoming the material strength problem in building space elevators. Alternatively, the stream could support an international spaceport circling the Earth daily tens of miles above the equator, accessible to advanced aircraft. Mars could be equipped with a similar grain stream, using material from its moons Phobos and Deimos. Grain-stream arcs about the sun could be used for fast launches to the outer planets and for accelerating starships to near lightspeed for interstellar reconnaisance. Grain streams are essentially impervious to collisions, and could reduce the cost of space transportation by an order of magnitude.


We propose a theory of the market impact of metaorders based on a coarse-grained approach where the microscopic details of supply and demand is replaced by a single parameter ρ ∈ [0 , + ∞ ] shaping the supply-demand equilibrium and the market impact process during the execution of the metaorder. Our model provides an unified explanation of most of the empirical observations that have been reported and establishes a strong connection between the excess volatility puzzle and the order-driven view of the markets through the square-root law.


Dermoscopy is an efficient and non‐invasive technique which has been widely used in the diagnosis of nail disorders including nail psoriasis (NP). Many nail dermoscopic features are considered as clues to NP. The aim of this study was to investigate specific dermoscopic features of fingernail psoriasis and the correlation between the severity of nail lesions or systemic inflammation, and psoriasis severity of skin and nail. This observational study recruited 135 patients with fingernail psoriasis (1186 fingernails) and 30 patients with onychomycosis (80 fingernails). All of the involved fingernails were examined with a handheld dermatoscope. The Nail Psoriasis Severity Index score (NAPSI) score, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score, body surface area (BSA), and detailed history of patients with psoriasis were recorded. Mann–Whitney U‐test, χ2‐test, Spearman's correlation, and Kruskal–Wallis H‐test were used for statistical analysis, and the significance threshold was p < 0.05. The trial registration number was 2020‐SR‐045. We identified onycholysis as the most common feature (93.3%) of fingernail psoriasis. Red lunula, longitudinal fissures, transverse grooves, nail plate crumbling, trachyonychia, oil‐dropping sign, erythematous border of an onycholytic area, subungual hyperkeratosis, and dilated streaky capillaries were relevant to NP severity (p < 0.05). Red lunula, transverse grooves, nail plate crumbling, trachyonychia, oil‐dropping sign, erythematous border of an onycholytic area, splinter hemorrhages, and dilated streaky capillaries were relevant to systemic inflammation severity (p < 0.05). The total NAPSI score was positively associated with the PASI score and BSA (p < 0.0001). The thumb had a higher NAPSI score than the other fingers (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dermoscopic features can improve the accuracy of diagnosis of nail psoriasis, and have correlations with psoriasis severity.


Using the database windowing functions the dense grids containing a bunch contour lines within them can be generated.The grid bunches of contour lines are independent from all neighbor grids,therefore,they can serve as the basis for deriving the aspect vectors.The basic principle lies in simple vector composition.After the representing of vector into coordinates,the general direction of every contour line can be seen as the composition of all of its vectors(line segments): sum of coordinate differences(the first vector composition).Further more,the grid terrain aspect can be calculated as the vector sum of all contour lines within the grid(the second vector composition).Because the density of contour line can differ from one place to another,it is unavoidable existence of empty grids which causes the necessity to research the appropriate method for aspect interpolation(the third vector composition).Due to the using of same method of vector composition in entire process of aspect calculation,therefore,the method proposed in this paper can be considered as the simplest one.


Objectives : Pyeongwi-san is widely used in Korean medicine for acute indigestion or gastrodynia. As a therapeutic agent for digestive diseases of modern people, in order to confirm the mechanism of Pyeongwi-san on digestive tract disease and the difference of therapeutic efficacy between its formulation, a comparative efficacy test was conducted on digestive tract disease animal model.
Methods : For LPS enteritis animal model, male SD rats were intraorally treated with different formulation types of Pyeongwi-san, and then intraperitoneally administered LPS one hour later to induce enteritis. After 5 hours, blood was collected and TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 and PGE2 were confirmed by ELISA. For acute gastritis animal model, male SD rats were intraorally treated with different formulation types of Pyeongwi-san according to the prescribed concentration, and then intraorally administered 60% ethanol and 150 mM HCl one hour later to induce acute gastritis. After 5 hours, blood was collected and TNFα ,IL-6 were confirmed by ELISA.
Results : In the LPS-administered enteritis animal model, Pyeongwi-san decreased TNFα, IL-1β, PGE2 and especially IL-6. Pyeongwi-san also decreased IL-6 in acute gastritis animal model. In addition, there was no significant difference in efficacy between the two formulations when compared with inflammatory markers.
Conclusions : The efficacy of Pyeongwi-san was confirmed in the inflammatory markers related to digestive inflammatory diseases, and the efficay between two formulations of Pyeongwi-san was relatively similar. Further studies are needed to investigate the new applicability of Pyeongwi-san on different inflammatory diseases that have similar inflammation markers identified in this experiment.


RNA interfernce is a kind of sequence specific gene scilencing caused by dsRNA. It is an important mechanism of post-transcriptional gene silencing in eukaryoteic creature. This kind of mechanism keep the trend in evolution, leading to resistance of inside and outside diseased nucleotide and invading microorganism, and participate in gene expression and regulation in levels of chromatin, transcription,post-transcription and translation. RNAi is as a method of geneblocking, it is widely used in function genome, microorganism study,and gene expression and regulation.This text introduces its research progress from the RNAi functional mechanism, biological function, characteristics and applycation etc.


Cricket is the second most watched sport in the world after soccer, and enjoys a multi-million dollar industry. There is remarkable interest in simulating cricket and more importantly in predicting the outcome of cricket match which is played in three formats namely test match, one day international and T20 match. The complex rules prevailing in the game, along with the various natural parameters affecting the outcome of a cricket match present significant challenges for accurate prediction. Several diverse parameters, including but not limited to cricketing skills and performances, match venues and even weather conditions can significantly affect the outcome of a game. There are number of research paper on pre-match prediction of cricket match. Many papers on building a prediction model that takes in historical match data as well as the instantaneous state of a match, and predict match results. We know in the cricket match with shorter version match result keep on changing every ball. So, it is important to predict the outcome of the match on every ball. In this paper, I have developed a model that predicts match result on every ball played. Using Duckworth- Lewis formula match outcome will be predicted for live match. For every ball bowled a probability is calculated and probability figure is plotted. For betting industry this model and the probability figure will be very useful for bettor in deciding which team to on and how much to bet.


The synthetical soft magnetic properties including d.c. and a.c. magnetic properties and pulse magnetic property are reported for a newly-developed nanocrystalline Fe73.5Cu1 Nb1.5V1.5Si13.5B9 alloy The new alloy possesses high d.c. relative initial permeability of 12.5×104 and low coerciv ity of 0.54 A/m. Under the conditions of Bm=0.3 T, f=100 kHz and Bm=0.2 T, f=200 kHz the core losses of the new alloy are 543 kW·m-3 and 834 kW.m-3, respectively which can be compa rable with those of nanocrystalline Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 alloy. The analyses of core losses have been carried out in the wider range of f=20~104 kHz and Bm=0.0025~0.8 T and the approxi mate expression P(kW·m-3)=1.803 B:f1.77 has been obtained. The analyses of core losses in the range of f=20~104 kHz and Bmf=(10~40)×103(T.Hz) have shown that the core loss and the corresponding amplitude permeability roughly vary as P = 2.347×10-6(Bmf)1.97f-0.2231 and μa = 9.56× 105f-0.7464, respectively for the given product B.f. Some practical applica tions have also been mentioned.


: Data compression is one of the core fields of study for applications of image and video processing. The raw data to be transmitted consumes large bandwidth and requires huge storage space as a result, it is desirable to repre-sent the information in the data with considerably fewer bits by the mean of data compression techniques, the data must be reconstituted very similarly to the initial form. In this paper, a hybrid compression based on Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is used to enhance the quality of the reconstructed image. These techniques are followed by entropy encoding such as Huffman coding to give additional compression. Huffman coding is optimal prefix code because of its implementation is more simple, faster, and easier than other codes. It needs less execution time and it is the shortest average length and the measurements for analysis are based upon Compression Ratio, Mean Square Error (MSE), and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). We applied a hybrid algorithm on ( DWT–DCT 2 × 2, 4 × 4, 8 × 8, 16 × 16, 32 × 32 ) blocks. Finally, we show that by using a hybrid (DWT– DCT) compression technique, the PSNR is reconstructed for the image by using the proposed hybrid algorithm ( DWT–DCT 8 × 8 block ) is quite high than DCT.


Introduction In a new era where, more and more children are standing up against governments concerning important subjects like climate change that will impact their physical health in a near future, it is time to question ourselves on all the other decisions that are being taken and that could have a sustainably high impact on some of our children's development and mental health. Unfortunately, many of those children are forced to remain silent - unable to express themselves - or are just not being heard – unable to gain international medias' attention - because of their social condition, cultural background, age or religion. But more sadly, most of them remain silent because they are just unaware of the consequences their living conditions or hardships might have on their future mental health, due to lack of information or education. Objectives Therefore, it is our responsibility as childhood experts and professionals to speak for those children who cannot, to stand up for themselves and promote the importance of putting their interest first no matter what. Methods We have chosen six different studies led in different contexts of struggle for children all around the world to illustrate the consequences on their development and mental health. Results We will communicate on the situations of children living in refugee camps, children living with their mothers in prison cells, children being forcibly separated from their mothers returning from Daesh territories in France or children being forcibly separated from their migrant mothers at the US border, we will describe the hardships but also the effective support provided to unaccompanied minors in Canada, and especially discuss with our cochair expertise how the issue is or could be different for them according to government policies and legislations. Conclusions By describing these different contexts of unstable living conditions or traumatic experiences orchestrated by government legislation regarding children care, we want to highlight the responsibility that every government legislation must consider when it comes to child care and how it should become an absolute priority. Disclosure of Interest None Declared


During the past three decades, the prosperous economic growth of the Taiwan area has caused improvements in the living standard and general health condtions of the people. As a result, malignant neoplasms, cerebrovascular attacks (CVAs), and accidents have become the three leading causes of death in Taiwan since 1966. Based on the vital statistical data of Taiwan, this study calculated the standardized mortality rate and the cumulative mortality rate (0-74 years old' CMR(subscript0-74)) in order to examine the mortality trends for these three major causes of death from 1971 to 1990. The results show that the CMR(subscript 0-74's) of malignant neoplasms and accidents have had a mild but consistent increase during the last 20 years, while those for CVAs show a consistent decrease after 1985. In addition, we also calculated the years of potential life lost (YPLL) and the work years of potential life lost (WYPLL) to estimate the social and economic impacts from these causes of death. We found that the YPLL of cancer, CVAs and accidents are 230,200, 121,600 and 389,000 for males; and 152,500, 91,000 and 146,100 for females, respectively. In terms of WYPLL, however, accidencs accounted for 259,400 work years lost compared with 84,800 years for cancer and 31,700 years for CVAs in males; the WYPLL ror accidents, cancer and CVAS were 86,500, 57,000, and 16,400 person years, respectively. We conclude that accidents constitute the leading cause of death for those of productive ages and deprive society of more years (and working years) of potential life than cancer or CVAs. In the future, the prevention of accidents deserves greater action and research.


The application discloses and has comprised 3-(5-amino-2-methyl-4-oxygen-4H-quinazoline-3-yl)-piperidines-2, the solid form of 6-diketone, and the composition that comprises described solid form, prepares the method for described solid form and their using method.


Precise control of the applied gate voltage is essential for GaN HEMTs as the margin between their recommended and maximum gate voltages can be as low as 1V. This work presents a GaN power IC with a driver that samples the duration of gate overvoltage during turn-on transients. The overvoltage detection circuitry compares the on-chip gate voltage of the power device with an externally-set reference. During a gate overvoltage event, a pre-charged hold-capacitor is discharged, with the final capacitor voltage indicating the total overvoltage duration. With this single-die solution, the overvoltage period can be measured without the distortion that occurs when observing a high $dv/dt$ signal through bond wire and PCB parasitic elements. The overvoltage detection circuitry is fabricated in a 200-V GaN-on-SOI process alongside an $80-\mathrm{m}\Omega$ e-HEMT with an integrated gate driver. Experimental characterization shows that the change in capacitor voltage is a strong predictor of the overvoltage duration, paving the way for using such a system for optimization in active gate drive scenarios.


7 Many mountain towns rely on climate amenities such as wintertime precipitation to 8 generate local economic activity. However, climate models predict large reductions 9 in annual snowfall that could greatly reduce the recreational value of these markets. 10 Harnessing a unique panel of daily transactions from the short-term property rental 11 market, we combine daily weather, daily resort snowpack, and daily resort snowfall 12 to estimate the causal effect of changes in resort snowpack on visitation in 219 resort 13 markets across the United States. We make three primary contributions: 1) we develop 14 a method to estimate elasticities for climate amenities using new data that matches 15 the spatial and temporal variation in the level of the amenity with the frequency of 16 related market transactions; 2) we derive state-specific snowpack elasticities for all major 17 markets across the United States and find significant heterogeneity in the behavioral 18 response across states; and 3) we estimate within-year variation in the recreation 19 revenue from snowpack under current and future climate scenarios. We predict that 20 resort markets could face reductions in local snow-related revenue of -40% to -80%, 21 almost twice as large as previous estimates suggest. This translates to a lower-bound 22 on the annual willingness to pay to avoid reductions in snowpack between $1.64 billion 23 (RCP4.5) and $2.36 billion (RCP8.5) by the end of the century. 24


The authors diagnose a series of American political communication maladies, which they describe with the phrases ''ideological chaos'' and ''political gridlock.'' For them, ideological chaos is a product of a political system that fails to encourage the systematic justification of policy positions. ''Policy-oriented labels such as liberal and conservative,'' they argue in Chapter 1, ''are disconnected from a coherent ideological framework'' (p. 2). ''This breakdown in the language of everyday politics,'' they continue, ''has become especially pronounced in the last few decades, as personalities and images, rather than political philosophy or ideology, have become the bases for decision making'' (p. 2). As a result of this chaos, elections create rather than resolve political gridlock. Because voters make decisions on image and personality, rather than ideology and philosophy, election results do not provide mandates for moving the country in any particular direction. The authors document this condition by analyzing two contemporary features of U.S. politics. First, they explore the failure of political parties to build the enduring ideological coalitions necessary for enacting meaningful reform. Second, they examine declining citizen trust in presidential leadership as a product of sound-bite driven campaigns. In Chapter 2, the authors provide a functional definition of ideology. For them, ideology is a term of praxis. ''Human action,'' they claim, ''is guided and thus shaped by underlying beliefs and thought processes'' (p. 39). They understand ideologies as motivational frameworks for public action. This definition sets up the work's focus on ideological coherence as a rhetorical force for overcoming political gridlock. In Chapters 3 and 4, the authors develop a methodology for discerning the ideological commitments of political discourse. In doing this, they ''propose a system for identifying political positions and generating consistent messages from a shared


Fiber reinforced poly mer co mposites (FRPs) are being increasingly used for a wide range of engineering applications owing to their high specific strength and stiffness. However, there through-the-thickness performance lacks some of the most demanding physical and mechanical property requirements for structural applications, such as aerospace vehicles and military components. Charpy impact test was done on end notched specimens of cross-plied glass fiber reinforced epo xy resin (GFRP) co mposites. Alumina and flyash particles were added in the epoxy resin with the weight ratio of 2.5%. The effect of notched length and fillers on dynamic performance of GFRP composite was obtained. Finally, SEM images were used to exp lain the changes in mechanical properties.


The most radical proposal in the Leveson report is it's response to the so-called 'Desmond Problem' – namely that media owners such as Richard Desmond can decide simply to leave a voluntary system of self-regulation. It is Leveson's proposal to solve this problem with legislation that has sent newspaper owners and the PCC into a tailspin, even though Leveson himself was absolutely clear that he was proposing independent regulation rather than a 'statutory regulator of the press'.


Modernization of the Hydrostatic Drive of Lower Gate Locks in Waterworks Gabcikovo This paper deals with analysis of the combined load on hydraulic cylinder. Based on measurements of the parameters of the hydraulic cylinder and accurate calculations conclusions were drawn. Measurements were made on the lower hydrostatic drive gate locks at the waterworks Gabcikovo. Method of fixation of the hydraulic cylinder creates added bending torques which causes deformation of piston rod. The results are an effort to find relationship between dimensions, loading and safe operation.


Contents of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxycinnamic esters, and monomeric and dimeric derivatives of flavan-3-ol during biological aging of dry pale sherry white wine were measured and compared between wine without aging and wines in five different stages of aging. The results show a significant decrease in the levels of vanillic and ferulic acids, catechin, epicatechin and procyanidins B2 and B4, as well as an increase in those of syringic acid and procyanidin B1. According to the changes observed in polyphenol contents and the absorbance data obtained at 420 nm, sherry-type wines seem to be protected from excessive browning during biological aging mainly as a result of the partial removal of flavan-3-ol derivatives, besides the effect of protection from air contact carried out by the flor yeasts growing on the wine surface.


The prevention of cobalt, copper, selenium and iodine deficiencies is an important feature of stock health programmes on many New Zealand farms. Various methods of prevention involving direct supplementation to animals and topdressing pastures have been evaluated. F%otocols for the amounts administered and frequency of supplementation for Co, Cu, Se and I have been outlined.


For the solution of the linear system Ax=b many iterative methods based on a splitting of A exist. Among them the Jacobi, the Gauss-Seidel and the Successive Overrelaxation (SOR) methods as well as their extrapolated counterparts are the most popular. This paper presents a new general method such that the aforementioned methods become special cases of it. Besides its four degrees of freedom, which make it a very flexible method, another of its main characteristics is that it is well-defined even when some elements on the diagonal of A are zero. The first results concerning the new method show that a proper exploitation of its basic properties will make it a very powerful technique.


By using statistical methods,and analyzing the characteristics and proficiency of the quantitative analysis in MPA courses in the United States,this paper raised two basic questions.Firstly,which basic and senior quantitative analysis capabilities will MPA students need in research and making public policy? Secondly,what will these abilities do to help define "product" of public administration education? And it examines capacity-building difference between MPA education and doctor of public administration education in order to draw some enlightenment for MPA education in China.


This study presents data comparing French teachers' scores of third-level students' writing samples with the ratings of 40 noneducator French informants. The testing program and holistic scoring rubric employed to rate writing samples are briefly explained. Results were mixed, with raters agreeing on one sample and disagreeing on the other. Case studies of four noneducators' feedback indicate that organization and clarity of ideas are paramount for effective communication. Surface errors do not generally impede comprehension but sometimes override efforts at meaning-making. Pedagogical implications are discussed. Readers are invited to score the writing samples prior to reading the study.


Mobile Technology is the evergreen area since usage of smart phone is equipped with GPS navigation has increased rapidly to more than 90%. In this paper, an attempt is made to concentrate on the safety of every citizen. In this paper, we are proposing a personal safety app develop for smart phones using android as a platform. This app will start by simply clicking on the icon of the app whenever the user feels he\she is in problem. Whenever the users start this application it will directly start the GPS of their mobile phone due to that server will get the information about their exact location. After that server will send notification to the police headquarters so they can send the help to needy person as soon as possible. Another feature of this application is, this application will have access to the all cameras, which are accessed by police. Due to this if, any accident happens and get caught in camera then the server will notify the nearest hospital as well as police station so they can reach at the place as soon as possible.


A growing field in the interaction design practice is the domain of connected and interactive spaces. The idea of ubiquitous computing, that was originated in the late 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s, is now seeking maturity, and technology trajectories have helped materialize the basic prerequisites for the proliferation of spatial computing. This paper illustrates how the design process for interactive environments can benefit from an emerging set of methodologies and tools, that is the physical counterpart for the successful creation of human-centered interactive experiences in space. When creating interactive spaces, a designer needs to take into consideration new dimensions, like the flow of users within the space, the spatial context, and a new set of sensors and actuators that go well beyond screens, keyboards, mice, or controllers. Unlike other interaction design domains, there is not a defined device, like a smartphone or personal computer, but instead, the technologies of spatial computing are a collection of distributed devices, sensors, and actuators. Due to this configuration the implementation and prototyping of interactive environments requires new tools to deal with the complexity of non-standard components to ease the design process and allow for sketching in hardware and software at scale. With ad hoc software and hardware designed with the purpose of standardizing and making accessible these components, a design practitioner can implement prototypes of interactive and connected spaces to gather inspirations, insights, and validation before investing in creating the complete experience. This paper explains how the process of designing with such tools will transform the work and the outcome of the interaction designer that explores the forefront domains of connected environments, ubiquitous media, and spatial computing. Pierluigi Dalla Rosa http://www.pierdr.com/ 90 | Prototyping Spatial Interactions doi:10.53136/979125994120639 DigitCult | Scientific Journal on Digital Cultures Introduction Everyone that got in contact with digital technologies experienced the fruits of interaction design. From remote villages to tier-one cities, from smartphones to elevators, digital technologies spread into everyday objects. Personal digital devices, first computers than smartphones, became important and indispensable companions to contemporary life, but are just one instantiation of the digital. Nicholas Negroponte predicted the spread of computation outside computers already in 1998 when he stated that "computers, as we know them today, will be boring, and disappear into things that are first and foremost something else: smart nails, self-cleaning shirts, driverless cars, therapeutic Barbie dolls, intelligent doorknobs [...] Computers will be a sweeping yet invisible part of our everyday lives: We'll live in them, wear them, even eat them". This trajectory is materializing with rising of embedded computing and connected objects. For example, large consumer electronic manufacturers, today, have in their product lines home assistants, like the Apple Home Pod or Google Home. These are new media touch-points, that blend the digital world with new forms of interactions in spaces. The fact that there are numerous players in the field of connected appliances is an indicator of the maturity of a set of technologies that are enabling computation to spread outside traditional devices like computers and smartphones and become part of objects, like the iRobot Roomba, an autonomous vacuum cleaner, or Philips Hue, a smart lighting system where light bulbs with a micro-controller and wireless connectivity can be programmed from anywhere. The spread of low-cost networked micro-controllers allows for new possibilities not just in single connected objects but in creating spaces that are characterized by distributed touchpoints, enabling multi-user interaction in physical space. There are many examples of these if we take into consideration interactive museum exhibitions, interactive experiential marketing campaigns, escape rooms, or alternate reality games. More and more of these experiences pioneered in public space are now permeating people's homes as described in the article of December 2020 in the Scientific American where spatial computing is quoted as one of the top emerging technologies and is quoed to be at the heart of the ongoing convergence of the physical and digital worlds (Lathan 2020). Computing Systems and Spatial Interactions Every computing system, in the most essential form, has three components: input, processing, output. The Analytical Engine by Charles Babbage, designed in 1837, already manifested these components; in the description of Babbage's computer the input, consisting of programs and data, was to be provided to the machine via punched cards [...]. For output, the machine would have a printer, a curve plotter, and a bell (Collier 1970). Everyone that uses a computer today is using a system that conforms to this model, having inputs like the keyboard and mouse, and outputs like a monitor or a printer, while the processing happens inside the computing unit. This model has roots in the early days of computing and it is commonly referred as the Von Neumann architecture (Goldstine 1993). It is possible to apply the label spatial computing to those instances of digital systems that don't have a predefined set of inputs and outputs and break the paradigm of personal digital devices. Aiming to define a growing domain that has divergent characteristics in terms of the user interface but shared digital architecture compared to current digital systems. The wider consequences of the reach, memorability, and engagement of spatial computing systems are a long way off the scope of this paper, so within it, this classification will be used mainly for technical utility. When designing spatial computing systems without a predefined set of inputs and outputs the focus is on understanding the affordances, mental model, and general usability of different touch-points that populate new devices or interactive spaces; the challenge is also an opportunity to redefine new forms of inputs and outputs that suit the problem, the destination and the purpose of the new digital structure. doi:10.53136/979125994120639 Pierluigi Dalla Rosa | 91 DigitCult | Scientific Journal on Digital Cultures A Prototyping Tool for Interactive Spaces Interaction designers sketch with prototyping tools to get inspiration and test their ideas, before delegating engineering teams the full implementing of a final solution. When designing interactive spaces, the ideal process follows a similar path, with simulation and prototyping ahead of implementation, but the different nature of interactive spaces, compared with digital products, make it more time consuming and with a higher degree of complexity. Prototyping tools can help the designer to simulate the experience, or parts of it, so that some test-users can be immersed in the simulated experience and provide early feedback and inspiration to the design team. The first pioneers to create experimental tools for interactive spaces have been John Underkoffler and Hiroshi Ishii, that started expanding the role of computation with projection mapping; they used a projector to display a computer image that is mapped to real, physical features. One example is their project Urp, developed at MIT, and it is an urban planning tool that shows information about shadows, proximity, reflections, wind flow and visual space using small architectural models with a projection layered on the topographical surfaces. A movement of designers just after the web-bubble, started hacking keyboards to create physical button that can help create physical interactions. The design consultancy Tellart LLC, pioneered this methodology in RISD, where they taught industrial design students how to use standard electronics to sketch in hardware. The students hacked keyboards to create physical actuation in order to open and close a circuit, triggering keypresses on a personal computer, or connected RFID readers as inputs for a webpage (Noble, 2012). Today there are different electronic components that simulate a keyboard input. The makeymakey, iPac boards, Bare Conductive touch-boards or Playtronica boards. These devices allow to simulate keypresses; these keypresses can be used to trigger a slideshow software, like PowerPoint or Keynote, or to play or sequence media, like video or audio. The designer, utilizing these boards, can focus on the creation of physical triggers for an interactive space. The physical space is rich of triggers like a person sitting on a chair, a door opening, a person touching a metal object, a loud sound, a change in light intensity, a gas detected in the air. In this paper physical triggers will be simply referred as buttons. Buttons and projections are great first steps to prototype interactive spaces, because their purpose is to expand the reach of a single computing unit, both enhancing the inputs of a personal computer with distributed physical buttons, and in outputs, using projections to expand the reach of the screen in space. Of course, this is just the first step towards the creation of engaging interactions in space. Most of the time designers want to enable more complex sensing capabilities and more actuations beyond projections. In fact, actuation expands beyond pixels using motors, lights, relays, etc. The complexity of prototyping these experiences is proportional to the expensive palette of sensors and actuators. A simple approach in creating an interactive space, like the one described above, will be to consider every element of the system as just a set of inputs of sensors and actuators, while the central logic is confined in just one single place. If recalling the above example, it is possible to imagine that at the beginning of the project the designer wants to test their initial


PURPOSE: To obtain a releasing effect identical or superior to a condition possessed by a high concentration amine compound having high permeability even to a deteriorated and hardened part of a resist film formed in an impurity doping step, in a dry-etching step, etc. CONSTITUTION: The resist film after use and its deteriorated and hardened part are released and removed by using a resist releasing liquid consisting of a composition containing a highly polar solvent which contains at least a kind of solvent selected from N-methylpyrrolidone (N-methy1-2-pyrrolidone), N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide and N,N-methylformamide and a water-soluble amine compound.


Attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) is a common behavioral disorder among children, yet there is uncertainty about many aspects of AD/HD, including its precise frequency of occurrence, presence of comorbid conditions, long‐term outcomes and the impact of treatment on long‐term outcome. The objectives of the studies described in this paper were to address these important questions about AD/HD. The study subjects were from a population‐based birth cohort, and included all children born in Rochester, Minnesota, from 1976 to 1982, who remained in the community after the age of 5 y (n= 5718). Complete medical and school records were available for all members of the birth cohort, including detailed information about AD/HD symptoms, psychometric test and questionnaire results, medical and non‐medical treatments, and long‐term academic and psychosocial outcomes. This information was used to identify 375 subjects from the birth cohort with AD/HD, based on well‐defined research criteria. The estimated cumulative incidence of AD/HD at the age of 19 y was 7.5% (95% confidence interval 6.5–8.4). Data from these 375 subjects with AD/HD will be used in ongoing studies of this disorder.


Cochlear traveling waves show properties of capillary waves progressing along interfaces between two nonmixing fluids. Such wave motion is basically nonlinear. Mechanical cochlear models display at least two types of nonlinearities that may explain a number of auditory and electrophysiological phenomena. (1) The displacement of the cochlear fluids and of the partition is asymmetrical, larger amplitudes being directed away from the input toward scala tympani. The asymmetry is also present in the shearing displacement within the cochlear duct. These phenomena were first observed with the aid of beating signals and tone pips. The asymmetrical displacement of the partition lets the model detect the signal envelope due to its lowpass filter action. The degree of asymmetry is independent of signal amplitude. There is good indication that the asymmetrical displacement is caused hydrodynamically, specifically, that it is a boundary‐layer effect. The latter appears to involve vorticity, a phenomenon that, by defin...


The paper describes an automatic laser interferometer for the calibration of line standards up to 2 m which is developed in National Research Laboratory of Metrology. The principles of construction, the performance of the apparatus and the errors arised from the apparatus are given. The errors caused by the misalignments of the optical systems, by the mechanical deformation of the base member and by fluctuation of translation speed of the carriage are estimated. Experiments have shown the errors are less than 0.2 μm.


ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) for treatment of malignant infantile osteopetrosis (MIOP) and intermediate osteopetrosis.MethodsChildren with MIOP and IOP who underwent haplo-HSCT in Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 2010 to May 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Data relating to the clinical manifestations, engraftment, and prognosis of the children were extracted from medical records. ResultsTwenty-seven patients, including 18 males and 9 females, with an onset age of 12 (0.04-72) months, were enrolled in this study. The median time from diagnosis to transplantation was 4 (1-23) months. All patients received haplo-HSCT with myeloablative conditioning regimen (including fludarabine, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide). The graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis was based on anti-human T lymphocyte porcine immunoglobulin /anti-human thymus globulin, methotrexate, and mycophenolate mofetil. The median observation time was 55.2 (0.3-126.2) months. By the end of follow-up, twenty patients survived and seven patients died. The five years overall survival rate was 73.9%. Acute GVHD degree I-II was observed in 20 patients, degree III in 1 patient and without degree IV. Chronic GVHD was observed in 11 patients (40.7%). It was controlled by anti-GVHD therapy.ConclusionHaplo-HSCT was effective for MIOP and IOP, with high survival rate and significantly improved of clinical symptoms. For the patients with vision impairment before HSCT, the improvement was slow after transplantation. The incidence of GVHD was high but mild, and could be effectively controlled after appropriate treatment. These data provided that haplo-HSCT was feasible in the treatment of MIOP and IOP.


palaeontological work are given proper attention, in the case of Owen's concept of a vertebrate archetype, for example, no reference is made to any of the background of transcendental anatomy and Naturphilosophie. Equally, the social factors which contributed to the origin of vertebrate palaeontology as an academic discipline have not been given a place in Buffetaut's account. Such lack of context is partially compensated for by the concluding chapters in which natural history musea, commercial excavation of fossiliferous rocks and the connection of fossil collecting with 'empire' are discussed. Also here, however, much of the text remains restricted to the fossil discoveries themselves and does not give the reader a closer look at any aspect of the nineteenth century museum movement and of imperial science policy. Nevertheless, this enjoyable book contains much useful information and exhibits an admirable balance between the French, German, British and American contributions to the development of vertebrate palaeontology.