This paper, entitled: "For a critique of the copyright system and of the role of copyright police as it affects librarians," tracks the origins of the copyright system from the England of the 16th century as a monarchical instrument for the commercial monopoly of the nascent publishing industry, and above all as an organism of the government for the systematic censorship and control of printing and publishing against citizens. It clarifies the difference between copyright and the moral rights of authors, where the latter are hampered from usufructing their own right. The idea that librarians adopt a role of police of copyright in benefit of company owners of copyright versus the role of a librarian affirming the adoption of a policy in benefit of offering free, and unhampered access to information recorded in documents in all the institutions of documental information, is taken from the debates of the Copy/South Research Group from its first workshop held in Canterbury, Kent, England in 2005, cf. THE COPY/SOUTH DOSSIER: Issues in the Economics, Politics, and Ideology of Copyright in the Global South (May 2006), attended by the author and 22 other critical academics from various disciplines, among them 6 more librarians. It gives examples of how various librarians adopt a role of police of copyright contrasted with the librarian role of giving free access to information recorded in documents. It takes a position in favour of the role of a librarian to offer free and unhampered access to information and against the role of police, and it invites the worldwide librarianship community to declare itself as opposed to such a police role.


Ag doped ZnO films have been fabricated on single-crystal Si (100) substrates by magnetron sputtering. XRD measurements show that the ZnO∶Ag films have high crystallization quality without new phase related to Ag appearing. Doping with Ag can clearly decreases the neutral donor bound exciton emission showed by the low temperature (10 K) photoluminescence spectra; a donor-acceptor pair emission has been observed at 3.315 eV which is attributed to the formation of acceptor defect (Ag substitutes Zn). The level of AgZn acceptor is estimated to be about 110 meV above valence-band maximum. Hall measurements show that Ag doped ZnO films are p-type conductivity with the resistivity about 0.1 Ω·cm, hole concentration about 1.7×1018 cm-3 , and mobility about 36 cm2/V·s .The two-layer structured ZnO p-n homojunctions have been prepared on Si(100) substrates by depositing Ag doped p-type ZnO film on intrinsic n-type ZnO film using magnetron sputtering. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics derived from the intrinsic ZnO/Ag doped ZnO two-layer structure clearly show the rectifying characteristics of typical p-n junctions.


Dermatological patients' psychological difficulties are one of the many challenges that dermatologists face in their everyday practice. The use of psychological assessment can benefit dermatologists to detect vulnerable patients who lack the opportunity to be referred to mental health professionals. For this reason, if dermatologists collaborate more frequently with clinical health psychologists, dermatological patients would be properly assessed. This would lead to the creation of psychodermatology units in which patients' emotional difficulties can be treated holistically.


Abstracts. Internal illnesses. Achilia in malignant anemia after hepatic therapy. Jochansen (Journ. Of. Am. MA v. 92, No. 21), who examined in detail 19 "cases of anemiae perniciosae treated with hepatic extract or liver from 9 to 17 months, notes that with a sharp improvement in general condition, disappearance of glossitis, etc. symptoms of achilia gastrica remained, and free HC1 did not appear as a result of treatment and did not appear even after injections of histamine. Based on these data and data from other authors (Minot, Murphy, etc.), a. is inclined to support the theory that achilia is the primary fact in anemia perniciosa and, possibly, is the cause of the latter disease.


The 'fire of life' is the title of Kleiber's book on animal energetics. He wrote of the relation between body size and metabolic rate.' The elephant is more economic than the mouse in that it supports its living mass with less energy per unit body weight and thus appears at an advantage. However it is the exposed surface area that determines the environment at which the body works most efficiently, and expressed as energy per unit surface area the mouse has the edge over the elephant. These are mysterious matters of considerable importance to those who produce meat for human consumption. They are of relevance to paediatricians in that newborn infants emerge from one set of circumstances into very different ones, and have to reach a different balance to that of the parents who look after them. If we are to help them when they are sick we have to know of these adjustments, and that was what I proposed to speak of when I for the Still lecture, fire of life'. changed my mind and instead metabolic cleanse wish, to illustrate relevant


Idiopathic Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis (Abdominal Cocoon) is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction. We present a case of acute small bowel obstruction in a young male preoperatively diagnosed as Idiopathic Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis on computed tomography. A high index of clinical suspicion of such condition which can present with recurrent episodes of subacute intestinal obstruction supported by radiological investigations can help in preoperative diagnosis of such cases as most cases are incidentally diagnosed during laparotomy.


A simple route for synthesis of compound 3 via three component reaction involving ethyl 6-methyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-2-thioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate (1), 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde (2) and monochloroacetic acid is described. The newly synthesized compound is well characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H-NMR and mass spectral studies.


To explore cross-shelf flow in the northern South China Sea, model diagnostic calculation was conducted using a regional, three-dimensional, primitive equation model (POM) and the climatological temperature and salinity fields supplied by the Generalized Digital Environment Model (version 3.0). Using the model calculations, we systematically evaluated the characteristics of cross-shelf flow and estimated its volume, heat, and salt transports in different sections along the continental slope. The dynamic process of cross-shelf flow was further analyzed using the vorticity balance. Results revealed the spatial distribution of the cross-shelf flow in the northern South China Sea. Between the 200– 2000 m isobaths, the horizontal distribution of cross-shelf flow was uniform, and strong cross-shelf flow was present in areas of the continental slope with complex topography. We selected three sections (S1, S2, and S3 along the 200, 500, and 1000 m isobaths, respectively) to characterize the cross-shelf flow. Three local maximal cross-shelf velocities in the on-shelf direction were detected in sections S1 and S2, but this feature was not clear in section S3. Strong cross-shelf flow (>2 cm/s) was present at about 115°E and 118°E of section S1 in winter. The annual mean cross-shelf volume transports in sections S1, S2, and S3 were 9.4, 15.8, and - 2.1 Sv, respectively. The heat content transports were 0.78, 0.84, and - 0.22 PW, respectively, and the salt content transports were 342.5, 575.0, and - 76.0 Gg s - 1, respectively. The cross-shelf flow was towards the shelf in the 200–500 m isobaths region and in the opposite direction in the 500–2000 m isobaths region. Cross-shelf transport was stronger in winter and weaker in summer in sections S1 and S2, but no seasonal difference was found in section S3. These cross-shelf transports of sea water, heat, and salt along the continental shelf reflect the main characteristics of cross-shelf flow. According to the volume transport between the three sections, flow convergence arose between sections S1 and S2 and divergence occurred between sections S2 and S3. In terms of volume conservation, these spatial distributions of flow convergence and divergence resulted in the cross-shelf flow. The along-shelf flow was the primary component of slope current, whereas cross-shelf flow contributed only about 15%–20%. Although cross-shelf flow was not as strong as along-shelf flow, its influence must not be ignored due to its huge volume, heat, and salt transports. Analysis of momentum balance revealed that the slope current was mainly controlled by the geostrophic equilibrium, in which the pressure gradient and Coriolis force played a dominated role. The cross-shelf flow was mainly barotropic in most regions, but it exhibited a baroclinic feature in the region east of 118°E. The analysis of barotropic vorticity balance indicated that the cross-shelf flow was mainly controlled by the joint effect of baroclinicity and bottom relief term (JEBAR), advection of the geostrophic potential vorticity term (APV), and the advection and diffusion term. The JEBAR term mainly controlled the cross-shelf flow along the continental slope due to the positive potential vorticity produced by the interaction between the baroclinic sea water and topography. To the east of 118°E, the instrusive Kuroshio Current led to interaction between baroclinic sea water and the continental slope, which increased the JEBAR term and therefore strengthened the cross-shelf flow.


The results of comprehensive research in 2017–2020 on the effectiveness of improving the health of new zoned and promising potato varieties of three groups of ripeness in the conditions of leached chernozem of the forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Ob region are presented. The energy-saving, environmentally friendly technology of accelerated potato seed production was used. It is shown that the recovery from viruses of the planting material provides an increase in the yield of different potato varieties up to 42% relative to the unhealthy background. The high efficiency of accelerated propagation of planting material with the use of modern aeroponic plants in comparison with hydroponic plants, and growing in a greenhouse and open ground, is established. The developed technology makes it possible to increase the energy efficiency coefficient by 40 % and the level of profitability by 32 %.


To enhance science and develop scientific programs is an endeavor for Chinese government to build a harmonious society.Colleges also play an important role in this respect through integrating personnel training and scientific research with social services and social life.The academic programs at the universities of traditional Chinese medicine should sustain the development only when the schools pursue open policies,realize their strengths and weaknesses,establish a harmonious relationship with the society,take advantage of information technology and accelerate the reform.


This publication reveals the main problems and directions to combat piracy off the coast of Somalia. Through the efforts of international naval forces and law enforcement agencies had significantly reduced the number of robberies and armed attacks on merchant ships off the coast of East Africa, a significant number of Somali pirates were in prison.


Coherent phase control of the photodissociation of CH3I has been achieved by quantum mechanical interference between competing paths. The control was accomplished by exciting the parent molecules with three UV photons of frequency ω1 and one VUV photon of frequency ω3=3ω1. Varying the phase difference between the two laser beams resulted in a modulation of the I+ and CH+3 signals, without affecting the parent ion signal. We propose a mechanism in which control occurs over the photodissociation step to produce CH3+I*, followed by ionization of the neutral fragments by additional UV photons.


The invention provides an aqueous shampoo composition comprising, in admixture: (i) a first anionic Surfactant in which the ratio between the molecular weights of the polar (hydrophilic) and non-polar (hydrophobic) parts of the mol ecule is less than 1.5; (ii) a second anionic Surfactant in which the ratio between the molecular weights of the polar (hydrophilic) and non-polar (hydrophobic) parts of the mol ecule is greater than 1.5, and (iii) a cationic polymer having a molecular weight of at least 100,000 Dalton and a cationic charge density of at least 0.5 med/g; in which the weight ratio of (i): (ii) ranges from 3:1 to 1:3. Shampoo composi tions according to the invention demonstrate reduced exten sional viscosity (i.e. are less 'stringy'). They also provide for the delivery of a significantly increased level of condi tioning without any significant increase in product stringi


This paper focusses on the application of modified solar-thermal water-preheating systems used during the cooking process in large institutions in rural India. The goal is to reduce the fuel consumption. As a second step a concept is presented to promote the solution among wider group of people by providing a webpage to calculate the cost benefit analysis for potential users online. The presented solar thermal system was installed in cooperation with regional partners and "Engineers Without Borders India" in 2012 in Adoni in central Andhra Pradesh after a project site exploration in 2011. The system is still in operation and delivers hot water.


Literature data devoted to bone regenerate structure describe mainly qualitative characteristics of bone changes, whereas there are not enough information about quantitative parameters of evaluation of forearm fractures regeneration process. Aim of the study: working out and conducting quantitative evaluation of regeneration process in experimental limb lengthening with application of morphometric research methods. The performed research included not only qualitative, but also quantitative evaluation of rabbit's distractive brachium bone graft with morphometric methods. The process of formation and remodeling of distractive bone graft has not been entirely complete within the terms of conducted experiment by the20th day of fixation. So, for example relative vascular volume in the bone graft increases by 75%, and cell number grows by60%; with that lower relative volume of tissue structures than in intact bone. These figures can be indicative of incompleteprocess of bone formation in the graft area.


To optimize the value of the ADNOC future development, subsurface optimization opportunities in several reservoirs under development (Shuaiba, Lekhwair-3, Kharaib-2 and Kharaib-1) are investigated. The Shuaiba reservoir is the major contributor to field production, with three main different areas: North, Center and South. This paper presents the application of the WISH tool and associated workflow to optimize the location of significant number of both producer and water injection new wells in central and northern units.
 WISH (Well Improvement ScHeme) is an automated Generative Design method and tool developed by TotalEnergies to improve well pattern designs. The approach balances the importance of several positioning rules to generate potentially performing candidate patterns. Commonly accepted positioning rules are suggested (e.g.: positioning wells away from undesired fluids, in rich areas, etc.) and can be mixed with custom positioning rules designed by the engineer (e.g.: positioning wells in good history-matched areas, etc.). These patterns are evaluated using conventional dynamic reservoir simulations. Optimization methods like Design of Experiments can be utilized to identify faster and better patterns compared to traditional approaches.
 By sequentially optimizing the location of injectors and then producers, it demonstrates that up to 170 mmbbl of additional reserves and 3 years of extended plateau could be achieved. Number of injectors remains the same but the injection and sweep strategy changes significantly. Number of producers however could be reduced by 45% to 60% with different economical outputs respectively (higher reserve/lower NPV).
 The paper will strengthen the literature corpus relative to benefits of introducing physics driven well placement heuristics in Computer Assisted Design well design processes by showing results of a complex real-life application. The process is applicable on single or multi-realization models (considering uncertainties). Thanks to the intuitive nature of WISH design rules, human easily keep control of overall optimization during the exploration loops. Performing patterns are identified in looping processes involving comparatively few simulations.


Standards of care for elderly people in hospital have come under the spotlight. Kathy Wilkinson and Helen Wilson believe that geriatricians can help improve the management of surgical patients, but Barbara Herd (doi:10.1136/bmj.d1072) is concerned that the dilution of resources will harm those who most need specialist attention


20002 Background: Previously it has been demonstrated that elevated P1NP, BAP, CTX-1, and YKL-40 levels at the time of diagnosis in patients with metastatic prostatic carcinoma were associated with survival. This study presents a follow-up to evaluated the prognostic value of thes biomarkers in a time-dependent analysis.

METHODS
Serum P1NP, BAP, CTX-1, and YKL-40 were determined in 106 patients with newly diagnozed metastatic prostatic carcinoma following start of either total androgen ablation or parenteral estrogen theraphy.

RESULTS
After 6 months of treatment significant decreases in P1NP, BAP, and YKL-40 were found. Univariate Cox analysis demonstrated that 6 month levels of P1NP, BAP, and CTX-1 were significantly associated with survival. In a multivatiate analysis using tumormarker levels at 6 months after start of treatment demonstrated that Soloway score (HR=3.9), WHO grade (HR=3.9), and P1NP (HR=2.2) all were significant predictors of survival. When using the biomarkers mentioned above as time-dependent co-variates in univariate COX regression analysis it could be shown that increasing levels og P1NP, BAP, and YKL-40 alle were significant predictors of early death.

CONCLUSIONS
Serial monitoring of serum P1NP, BAP, CTX-1, and YKL-40 in patients with metastatic prostatic carcinoma during hormonal treatment provide information on prognosis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


Abstract Open field burning of rice straw besides causing environmental pollution and human health problems results in loss of organic carbon and essential nutrients. Urgent solution is required for management of rice straw in an eco-friendly and sustainable manner. The aim of the present study was to examine the efficiency of direct return of rice straw into the soil versus biochar generated from rice straw, and compare it with wood derived biochar in influencing soil biological processes and potential to accumulate soil organic C (SOC). We studied the effect of pyrogenic conversion of rice straw and wood chips to biochar on changes in chemical composition of feedstock by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and C and N mineralization kinetics, microbial metabolism, carbon use efficiency (CUE) and soil enzyme activities in a series of laboratory incubation experiments conducted at 25 °C temperature and field capacity moisture. Pyrogenic conversion of feedstock to biochar resulted in increase in C (39.6% to 69.2%) and N (0.4% to 1.65%) contents and lowering of C/N (99 to 28.4) and H/C (1.94 to 0.60) ratios. Charring resulted in decrease in aliphatic and increase in aromatic components. Decomposition of organic substrates was governed by aromaticity and C/N ratio; in 127 days, only 12% of rice straw biochar embodied C was mineralized as against 76% from rice straw. The addition of biochars resulted in soil N priming (120 ± 24 mg N kg−1) whereas straw application resulted in net N immobilization (−13 mg N kg−1). Compared to unpyrogenic straw, the rice straw biochar led to greater microbial growth, lower metabolic quotient, higher CUE (3.3 times) and decreased microbial respiration, with potential to promote SOC accumulation. It was concluded that addition of rice residue generated biochar into soil is more beneficial for soil biological processes and SOC stabilization to stymie climate change than direct return of plant residue into the soil. The results are significant for devising eco-friendly rice residue management practices in the Indo-Gangetic plains.


In Infant and Toddler early childhood services, it is estimated that up to 80% of the day can be dedicated to routine and transition times. For the early childhood educator, routine and transition times can provide opportunities to consider children's active participation in designing routines; routines that offer children and families a sense of belonging, wellbeing, identity and a connection to others.


This technical article proposes that Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity be expressed as a log to the base 10, (pK s = -log 10 (-K s [m/s])) and that specific values for pK s be used depending on the error of measurement.


The vacuum in the National Spherical Torus Experiment Upgrade (NSTX-U) is in the range of $2.66\,\times \,10 ^{-6}$ Pa ( $2\,\times \,10 ^{-8}$ torr). To enhance vacuum seals and lower gas permeation in the NSTX-U and therefore ensuring operation safety and quality, the machine core vacuum seal design has been upgraded using double elastomeric seals and pumped interspaces (guard channels). In NSTX-U machine core, there are six major vacuum seals, including upper and lower vacuum vessel main flanges, upper and lower bellows flanges, and two in the ceramic isolation ring assembly that are mounted to the upper vacuum vessel main flange. The elastomeric seals are commercially available and customized fluorocarbon (Viton) O-rings. To ensure appropriate O-ring compression ratios for the vacuum seal, the O-ring grooves are customized with appropriate tolerances considering specific situations for each seal. In this upgrade, the vacuum in each interspace is designed to reach 13.33 Pa (0.1 torr), thus the overall pressure difference crossing each double O-ring seal is expected to be reduced by at least three orders of magnitude, and accordingly the overall rates of leakage and permeation will be lowered by three orders of magnitude. The corresponding pump-down times for each seal, at room temperature, are estimated at about 60 s. In addition, the vacuum pumped interspaces will be able to function as a real-time leak monitor.


We develop a model that describes the runout behavior and resulting deposit of a radially spreading, suspension-driven gravity current on a surface of negligible slope. Our analysis considers the separate cases of constant-volume and constant-flux sources. It incorporates expressions for the conservation of volume, a Froude number condition at the current front, and the evolution of the driving suspension due to settling of particles to the underlying bed. The model captures the key features of a range of experimental observations. The analysis also provides important scaling relationships between the geometry of a deposit and the source conditions for the deposit-forming flow, as well as explicit expressions for flow speed and deposit thickness as functions of radial distance from the source. Among the results of our study we find that, in the absence of information regarding flow history, the geometries of relatively well-sorted deposits generated by flows with source conditions of constant volume or constant flux are virtually indistinguishable. The results of our analysis can be used by geologists in the interpretation of some geologically important gravity-surge deposits. Using our analytical results, we consider three previously studied, radially symmetric turbidites of the Hispaniola-Caicos basin in the western Atlantic Ocean. From gross geometry and grain size of the turbidites alone we estimate for the respective deposit-forming events that upon entry into the basin the initial sediment concentrations were approximately 3% by volume and the total volumes were roughly between 30 km 3 and 100 kn1 3 . Each of the suspension-driven flows is inferred to have spread into the basin with a characteristic speed of 3-5 m s -1 , and reached its ultimate runout length of about 60-75 km while laying down a deposit over a period of about 10-12 hours.


In order to study the local environment effect, measurements of the Mossbauer effect of Fe 57 were made for Ni 79.5 Fe 20.5 , Ni 75.4 Fe 24.6 and Ni 69.7 Fe 30.3 alloys with various degrees of long range order. We have analysed the Mossbauer pattern with 7 or 8 configurations without any assumption of the functional relation between the hyperfine field and the number of Fe atoms in the nearest neighbor shell and determined the value of the hyperfine field for each environment from which the values of the magnetic moment on Fe atoms could be deduced in a self-consistent way. The results show that the variations of the hyperfine field and the magnetic moment are not linear, especially for highly ordered alloys. This behavior is discussed in terms of the cluster CPA theory.


Compounding and derivation are frequent in many language families. As a consequence, words in different languages are often only partially cognate, sharing some but not all morphemes. While partial cognates do not constitute a problem for the phonological reconstruction of individual morphemes, they are problematic for phylogenetic reconstruction based on comparative word lists. We review current practices of preparing cognate-coded word lists and develop new approaches that make the process of cognate annotation more transparent. Comparing four methods by which partial cognate judgments can be converted to cognate judgments for whole words on a newly annotated data set of 19 Chinese dialect varieties, we find that the choice of conversion method has an impact on the inferred tree topologies that cannot be ignored. We conclude that scholars should take great care with cognate judgments in languages in which compounding and derivation are frequent and recommend always assigning cognates transparently.


Quails are known for its ability to have high resistance toward common poultry diseases. Therefore, the health status and prevalence of diseases affecting quails is often neglected. One of the most common diseases that affect poultry is endoparasites infection. In Malaysia, currently there is no study or published data in detection of gastrointestinal parasites in Japanese quails. Hence, this study was conducted to detect gastrointestinal parasites in Japanese quails. 30 quails were purchased from Farm X, Malaysia. For this purpose, clinical signs of parasitism were observed through physical examination, fecal examination via Modified McMaster technique, morphological identification via compound microscope and gross lesions via necropsy were performed. Physical examination revealed no clinical signs of parasitism. There was presence of Eimeria oocysts in pooled fecal sample from Farm X. Three common Eimeria species in Japanese quails were found and identified as E. tsunodai, E. uzura and E. bateri. Necropsy revealed normal serosa and mucosa of gastrointestinal tract without presence of any parasites. In conclusion, the presence coccidiasis in this study might indicate natural infection for Japanese quails which beneficial to stimulate immune response in body.


Most real-world graphs collected from the Web like Web graphs and social network graphs are incomplete. This leads to inaccurate estimates of graph properties based on link analysis such as PageRank. In this paper we focus on studying such deviations in ordering/ranking imposed by PageRank over incomplete graphs. We rst show that deviations in rankings induced by PageRank are indeed possible. We measure how much a ranking, induced by PageRank, on an input graph could deviate from the original unseen graph. More importantly, we are interested in conceiving a measure that approximates the rank correlation among them without any knowledge of the original graph. To this extent we formulate the HAK measure that is based on computing the impact redistribution of PageRank according to the local graph structure. Finally, we perform extensive experiments on both real-world Web and social network graphs with more than 100M vertices and 10B edges as well as synthetic graphs to showcase the utility of HAK.


The paper overviews Slavic translations of the Epistle of Peter III of Antioch. There are three versions: short, concise and complete. The short version was included in Nomocanon. The concise version has only the second half of the epistle about the sacramental bread. The translation was made during Premongolian period into Eastern Slavic language. The complete version includes the translation of the Epistle of Dominic archbishop of Grado and the Epistle of Peter III Patriarch of Antioch. Ключевые слова: Петр III Антиохийский, древнерусский язык, перевод, домонгольский период, полемика


Purpose The article focuses on communication during initial audiology consultation sessions and written in two-fold. First, it provides an overview of audiological literature on communication betwe...


Much has been written and much said about the cancer problem. Large sums of money, large for biological research, but small for investigations in the physical sciences, have been expended in the search for the "cause" of cancer and for its cure. While a considerable number of more or less isolated facts have been discovered, the answer is not yet. Instead of a single factor which gives rise to the atypical growth of malignancy, there seem to be many agents which are possible instigators-constitutional characters (possibly inherited), chemical agents, trauma and mutations, perhaps brought about through endocrine imbalance. The very multiplicity of initiators implies that the answer must be found in some more fundamental property of living systems. It is clear enough that malignancy is a distortion of the characteristic design of the organism. For some reason as yet undiscovered, cells which still retain their capacity for continued multiplication escape from an organismic control. Instead of obeying some set of inherent regulating forces, such dividing units participate in a new growth which, while having definable characteristics, nevertheless departs from the teleological character of normal development. Such considerations make it abundantly clear that the cancer problem is but a special case of the more general central problem of biology, the origin of design or pattern in living systems. The forces inherent in the organism which control morphogenesis, and hence the functions of the whole and its constituent parts, are still unknown. For Aristotle, the regulation was accomplished through the activity, among others, of a "formal cause." Hans Driesch, in modern times, postulated the presence in organisms of a force not amenable to examination by the current techniques of science, which guided and controlled morphogenesis and the continued functioning of the adult. This Entelechy, as he called it, was to be thought of as a supernatural agency outside the present horizons of science. Thus, Driesch aligned himself with the Vitalists who believed in the soul as the directing power. Biologists crucified Driesch for his stand, refusing to admit that there were factors in the living system which were not amenable to rigid description and measurement. Nevertheless, the results of the operation of some sort of powerful, precise forces defining normal and experimentally modified development have rarely been more compellingly described than by this great experimental biologist.


Cerebrospinal rhinorrhea is not uncommon following fractures of the base of the skull. Many die of meningitis, but some cease to drain and when serious complications do not follow, their cases are not recorded. The frequency of this important complication cannot be accurately estimated and medical literature does not possess an accepted thesis on the subject, for only in a large neurosurgical service will any single operator encounter a sufficient number of spontaneous cases to be in position to speak authoritatively upon the subject.


The adsorption of lead from aqueous solution using surfactant-modified oyster shell has been studied by batch adsorption technique. The main objective of this study was to determine the adsorption capacity of lead from aqueous solution using anionic polymerizable surfactant-modified oyster shell in the presence and the absence of polymerization process. In this study, the admicelle aggregate of polymerizable surfactant (Hitenol BC-20) was adsorbed onto oyster shell adsorbent. The concentration of surfactant was selected at 90% of its CMC with a pH adjusted in range 5-6 where it was lower than the PZC (point of zero charge) of oyster shell to form an admicelle structure. Admicellar polymerization process was introduced to aggregate admicelle formed by adding 0.1g of sodium persulfate as initiator and irradiating the surfactant solution with 254 nm of UV light. The effect of contact time, pH and initial concentration for lead removal was investigated. The equilibrium contact time was found to be 300 min for lead adsorption by surfactant-modified oyster shell for polymerization (PO) and non polymerization (NP). The most effective pH for lead removal was 6 and 4 for PO and NP system, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of lead was found to be 18.34 and 12.93 mg/g for polymerization and non polymerization, respectively.


To study the effect of air ejecting on the combustion characteristics of Stirling engine under atmospheric pressure,combustion experiments under different working conditions were conducted in a visual test bench.In the combustion chamber,flame images were photographed by a high-speed camera and combustion temperature was measured by a series of thermocouples.The results show that,without ejecting air,combustion flame is quite long and has a small divergence angle.It has strong pulsation and high temperature area concentrates round the axis of combustion chamber.With a proper amount of ejecting air,combustion flame gets shortened and stable,with its divergence angle increasing significantly,the high-temperature area expands outwards,moving towards the nozzle,and combustion temperature rises.Excess ejecting air results in unstable combustion flame,confused temperature field,dispersed high-temperature area and decreasing combustion temperature.


Vibration of turbine-generator unit is caused by uneven gap between thrust block and thrust runner collar.The gap is resulted from quite large unevenness of partition insulator between thrust block and thrust runner collar while the traditional treatment method of the unit axis is applied.Based on vibrating test results and vibrating cause analysis as well as unit repair and actual operation,measures such as application of hard connection and multiple-point random barring instead of partition insulator,improvement of calculating method for gap between guide block,etc are taken so that the unit vibration is controlled within the allowable range and the unit operates well.


The invention provides an information charging method, a terminal and a server, belonging to the technical field of communication. The method comprises the steps of: obtaining information to be sent, wherein the information comprises a receiver number; matching the receiver number of the information with a prestored number used for sending the information by an enterprise news server; and sending the information by using a sender number corresponding to the matching result so that a charging center charges the sender number. The invention also relates to the terminal and the server. According to the embodiment of the invention, through obtaining the information sent by the terminal, the receiver number of the information is matched with the prestored number used for sending the information by the enterprise news server, thus the purpose of sending the information on duty or business by a personal mobile phone is judged, the information subjected to the purpose distinguishing is sent by adopting different sender numbers so that the enterprise only needs to pay the cost of sending the information on duty, thus the purpose of saving communication cost for the enterprise is achieved.


The way to protect folk music products has been the focus with the increasing voice to protect folk music products.Folk music products could be protected through copyright with its legal bases lying in two parts:firstly,folk music products havn′t entered into public domain,so it could be regulated by law;secondly,folk music products meet the demand of legal relation by copyright,so it should be protected by copyright system in order to effectively prevent the interests conflict from the commercialization of Folk Music products.Legal base analysis of folk music copyright protection belongs to the jurisprudence of copyright protection of folk music products,which makes up of premise of specific problem study in copyright protection.


Designed as both a reference work and a year-round field manual, this volume contains more than 2,400 range maps and 995 line drawings, designed to clarify descriptions used in the keys. For botanists, naturalists, and students interested in an up-to-date treatment of the vascular flora of greater New England, it has proved to be an invaluable resource. The geographic scope of the work extends from the Canadian border south through Long Island and west to the Hudson River. The "General Keys" section contains fourteen keys that include such groups as aquatic plants, vines, and woody plants in winter condition. For both woody and herbaceous families, the keys cover flowering as well as fruiting conditions and rely heavily on the use of vegetative features to extend the utility of the book beyond the reproductive period. The "Descriptive Flora" section includes keys to all of the genera and species, descriptions of the families and genera, and accounts of the individual species. The latter incorporates information on wetland site index, rare status, wildlife food value, food and medicinal value for humans, and poisonous or hallucinogenic properties. This revised edition includes an updating of plant scientific names that changed since the first edition and an alphabetized list of plant families with page numbers on the inside front cover for easy reference. This edition also includes a new CD-ROM with a multiple-entry identification guide, hundreds of accompanying photographic images of genera, an illustrated glossary, and page reference numbers to genus descriptions in the manual. Presenting a wealth of scientifically accurate information in a precise and clear format, this volume serves as a reference work, as a textbook for classes in plant identification, and as a field manual.


This paper discusses the first laudatory ode addressed to the Polish Jesuit poet Mathias Casimirus Sarbievius (Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski, 1595-1640), by the Frenchman Gilbertus Joninus (Gilbert Jonin, 1596-1638), originally published in 1630. The composition is an appraisal of the many different topics which Sarbievius' poetry covers, beginning with his odes to the pope, followed by patriotic lyrics, poems with an aeronautocal theme, compositions about chaste, heavenly love, and finally that which the Pole wisely omits. In the ode's conclusion, Sarbievius is compared to Horace, probably for the first time. The article also makes a comparison between the 1630 and 1632 editions of Joninus' eulogy.


Abstract Statistical Layer Shift, α-Chitin The intensities scattered by antiparallel/parallel layers were calculated. Difference synthesis maps allowing for statistical layer shifts were computed for a-chitin. The results support the view that there may be antiparallel sequence with each layer displaced at random by +e or -e from a halving position in the ϰ-direction. This is supported by greater breadth of certain reflection of the type lkl compared to 0kl on the X-ray diffraction photograph. This gives strong evidence for some imperfection in the ϰ-direction and the proposed indeterminacy + e is one possible way in which this might arise.


The radiation-chemical oxidation of U(IV) by {gamma}-radiolysis has been investigated in 0.5-3 M HNO{sub 3} (NO{sub 3} = 3 M); by {alpha}-radiolysis, in 0.5-12 M HNO{sub 3}. The oxidation yields of U(IV) and the oxidation kinetics have been determined. In the present article, mathematical modeling is performed in order to predict the radiolytic behavior of U(IV) and to elucidate the mechanism.


This is the essential reference work for professionals who work with children and their books. It will be used as a reference tool in children's libraries and resource centres, as well as in general reference libraries. It provides a guide to the selection of books for children, recognizing the vast range of books published and the individual rates of reading and social development of different children. The book is divided into two sections. The first provides information on appropriate books for different reading levels and recommends titles of children's books. Each title is evaluated according to the latest research criteria in the field, with a full explanation of why it has been chosen. The second section provides invaluable advice for the librarian on the selection and promotion of children's books within the library setting.


This article aims to analyze existing rivalries between Spain and England for control of Darien since the sixteenth century until the late eighteenth. Examined the reality of the area, special attention will be paid to shipments of Spanish coastguards in the region, providing an unprecedented study on those made in the years 1767 and 1768. In them, it is not only targeted to spot the native township of the region but also the English settlements that tried to trade with the natives, which impeded the total control of the Spanish over the commerce.


Tables and maps Introduction 1. The United States in the Gilded Age 2. Target: Latin America 3. Brazil: from monarchy to republic 4. Brazil debates the treaty 5. The iron marshal and the northern giant 6. The democrats take over 7. Of revolts and gunboats 8. Flint's feet 9. Yankee traders in Brazil 10. Aftermath Conclusion Appendixes Notes References Index.


Using a newly developed highly efficient computational method of generating 'resonating' algebraic structures, we achieve the supersymmetric extensions of algebras going beyond the Poincaré and Antide Sitter ones. Considered class of algebras include additional bosonic generators Zab (Lorentz-like) and Ua (translational-like) added to the standard Lorentz generator Jab and translation generator Pa. Our analysis includes cases up to two fermionic charges, Qα and Yα. We reevaluated previously published results and obtained completely new algebras up to two of Lorentz-like, translation-like, and supercharge-like generators (JP + Q) + (ZU + Y ) = JPZU + QY . In the last case, among 667 founded superalgebras 264 are suitable for supergravity construction.


This paper described how to separate and identify the components of Rat Trapping (Mousing Adhensive). At first, the components of Rat Trapping were separated by stepwise precipitation using suitable solvents. Then, the chemical structure of these components were characterized by Fourier Transformation infared spectrometer and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectrometer.


R/V Franklin followed a drifter for 8 days in the equatorial Indian Ocean to test the accuracy of mixed-layer heat and freshwater budget closure. Four-hourly triangles were repeated, towing a SeaSoar with a photometer and conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) profiler. Currents relative to the buoy at one depth were obtained from (a) a current meter at 25 m below the buoy; (b) a Global Positioning System estimate; (c) a drag estimate. Acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) shears provided currents at other depths, (b) and (c) agreed closely but differed from (a), possibly due to severe conditions at the current meter. Vertical advection was estimated from ADCP divergence around each triangle. Measurements on the buoy and the ship, calibrated earlier in the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE), provided bulk surface fluxes. Accuracy of net surface heat fluxes was estimated at ±10 W/m2. Rainfall differed considerably between the buoy and ship, but other quantities including shortwave radiation were very similar, even on cloudy days. A formalism for the budgets above a given isopycnal is developed, to clearly distinguish horizontal and vertical advection. When (b) and (c) above were used with the best estimate of surface fluxes, the 8-day heat budget misclose for water above the 21.5 isopycnal was (−4.6±5) W/m2; the diurnal heating cycle was well resolved. The freshwater budget misclose was (0.9±3.5) mm/d. A small amount of vertical diffusion, in the ratio determined by the slope of the T-S curve, will reduce both misclosures. Cruise design considerations for minimizing errors in the advection and storage components of heat and freshwater budgets are discussed.


Vulnerability of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to adversarial attacks has been attracting a lot of attention in recent studies. It has been shown that for many state of the art DNNs performing image classification there exist universal adversarial perturbations - image-agnostic perturbations mere addition of which to natural images with high probability leads to their misclassification. In this work we propose a new algorithm for constructing such universal perturbations. Our approach is based on computing the so-called (p, q)-singular vectors of the Jacobian matrices of hidden layers of a network. Resulting perturbations present interesting visual patterns, and by using only 64 images we were able to construct universal perturbations with more than 60 % fooling rate on the dataset consisting of 50000 images. We also investigate a correlation between the maximal singular value of the Jacobian matrix and the fooling rate of the corresponding singular vector, and show that the constructed perturbations generalize across networks.


Reviewing the evidence on the UK's digital economy, the Committee concluded that there was a risk that the UK might be left behind in the global skills market if it did not provide the right conditions to enable digital businesses to flourish in the UK. It argued that the UK was at a "make or break" point in time, when it needed to ensure that it could continue to compete with other countries around the world. Key to this was the UK having the right skills and infrastructure to keep pace with the requirements of changing digital technology.


Clergy-perpetrated child sexual abuse has emerged as a critical issue on the global stage, demanding widespread public attention and encouraging scrutiny of institutions like the Roman Catholic Church. This thesis uses the theoretical framework of techniques of neutralisation to explore how the Roman Catholic Church as an institution responds to cases of clergy-perpetrated child sexual abuse, and how that response changes over time, through the examination of two case studies – the Ellis case, and the Foster Family case.


The is known that the religious factor plays an essential role in modern political, social, and even economic processes. The positive use of this factor leads to the spiritual development of society. But the use of this factor in a negative or biased sense leads to its decline. It should be noted that over time, missionary methods and tools have improved. Today, along with classical methods, new, modern methods, and tools, including television, audio, video, radio, and computer technologies, are widely used. This article discusses and analyzes the methods and tools used by missionary organizations to increase their followers.


India being the second largest producer of wheat worldwide, faces many
difficulties and hurdles in balancing the economy of the country. To overcome these
hiking market values many wheat millers undergo various processes to increase the
nutritional and shelf-life of their wheat products. Manufacturers remove wheat germ
during general wheat kernel processing. They do this because it contains oils that will
go rancid in wheat products over time. But their technique also removes the precious
nutrients and vitamins, however, making the products from the resulting white flour
less healthy and more likely to cause blood sugar spikes. This is why some nutritionists
recommend whole wheat flour products over items made with white flour. To try to
compensate for this problem, manufacturers enrich virtually all wheat flour products.
The present study has found that new process developed to produce improved
wheat germ can be utilized in a manner so that all nutritive values of the final flour
products are substantially retained. It was one of the prime objects to develop a process
of extracting wheat germ which provides a product of high nutritive content and lasts
much longer than the product which is presently prepared for commercial consumption.
The study was also to overcome the said problems faced by many millers in bitterness
taste and rancidity of the wheat germ products. This was carried out by improving the
wheat germ extraction technique and studying the characterization of the manufactured
products by quality and quantity analysis of different wheat germ samples.


This study presents experimental results of flow boiling heat transfer of refrigerants R-141b and R-1234yf in a horizontal microchannel heat sink. The copper microchannel heat sink contains 21 microchannels with 335×930 μm cross-section. Distribution of local heat transfer coefficients along the length and width of the microchannel plate were measured in the range of external heat fluxes from 50 to 550 kW/m 2 . Finally, comparisons with predictions according to the model of flow boiling heat transfer are reported for the data sets.


An in situ telecentric height monitoring system was employed as a standard characterization tool for in situ height monitoring of nanotube forests. We demonstrated that the system possesses a wide dynamic range beyond the centimeter scale, high resolution of 1 μm, free from routine maintenance, simple installation, and use in contrast to previous methods. These features were highlighted by the monitoring of a 5 mm tall forest, the examination of the effect of gas species on growth rates, and the automatic control forest height.


This study investigated the perceptions of practising physiotherapists with regard to (i) the current prevalence and (ii) causative factors associated with lower limb musculoskeletal conditions among adolescents who present for physiotherapy. It was conducted through a mail survey of 82 private physiotherapy practices and showed the interrelation between academic literature and clinical practice to be generally accurate, with one major exception. According to the existing consensus of epidemiological literature, most musculoskeletal lower limb injuries among adolescents are due to their increased susceptibility to growth plate disruption. However, the experience of practising clinicians suggests that conventional soft tissue conditions represent the greatest proportion of adolescent injury presentations. Some explanations are proposed to account for this discrepancy. Ultimately, however, it is important to achieve agreement between these two information sources since this would facilitate the development of empirically-based intervention strategies for the spectrum of musculoskeletal conditions of the adolescent lower limb. (author abstract)


The waters of the Kura River and the irrigation canals are phytotoxic and reduce the percentage of germination of cress-salad and barley seeds in comparison with pure water by 10-12%. After cleaning them on adsorbents, waters lose the phytotoxicity properties. This makes it necessary to solve the problems of cleaning irrigation waters from organic and inorganic pollutants in order to achieve sustainable development of agriculture in the country.


With the widespread use of over-the-top (OTT) media, such as YouTube and Netflix, network markets are changing and innovating rapidly, making it essential for network providers to quickly and efficiently analyze OTT traffic with respect to pricing plans and infrastructure investments. This study proposes a time-aware deep-learning method of analyzing OTT traffic to classify users for this purpose. With traditional deep learning, classification accuracy can be improved over conventional methods, but it takes a considerable amount of time. Therefore, we propose a novel framework to better exploit accuracy, which is the strength of deep learning, while dramatically reducing classification time. This framework uses a two-step classification process. Because only ambiguous data need to be subjected to deep-learning classification, vast numbers of unambiguous data can be filtered out. This reduces the workload and ensures higher accuracy. The resultant method provides a simple method for customizing pricing plans and load balancing by classifying OTT users more accurately.


Copper chemical vapor deposition (Cu CVD) on different substrates, including TiN, Ta, and TaN, was studied with regard to the physical property, nucleation, and adhesion of the deposited Cu films. The Cu film deposited on TiN substrate has a number of favorable properties over the films deposited on Ta and TaN substrates: lower electrical resistivity, lower impurity contamination, and higher (111)-preferred orientation. Moreover, CVD of Cu films on TiN substrate has a shorter incubation time and better film adhesion. From the viewpoint of adhesion, microstructure, and physical properties of the Cu film, we may conclude that TiN is a better underlayer substrate than Ta and TaN for Cu CVD.


Spontaneous symmetry breaking in ϕ4-theory in 2+1 dimensions is investigated using the Gaussian approximation. The theory stays in the symmetric phase at zero temperature as long as the bare coupling constant is below a critical value λc. When λ>λc the symmetric phase is again stable when the temperature is above a transition temperature T(λ). The obtained results are compared with the predictions of the standard one-loop effective potential.


This is an analytical appraisal of the making of a vibrant media industry in South Africa. The author commends the government effort to repeal oppressive legal regimes that served the defunct apartheid system in stifling press freedom and fundamental human rights. While extolling the virtues of the new democratic culture in the country, the paper also underscores the centrality of the press, especially the media, in nurturing and safeguarding the new plural political system. The author argues strongly that the formation of a more media friendly communication policy, to create a final and rapid break with the divisive past, is imperative. The paper enjoins the new government of national unity to devise comprehensive communication policy and profound training packages for journalists to strengthen and professionalize the media industry, as an instrument of national development. It contends that democratic growth requires a free and authoritative press to provide a forum for national debate, where people can exchange critical and competitive views, to enable them to make rational or informed choices on various matters critical to national cohesion. This, the author says, is only possible if the new communication policy establishes efficient information feedback mechanisms. The paper also highlights various legislations put in place to ensure that national interest is catered for in programming in a liberalised broadcast media. The issues of ownership and media accessibility to the poor are discussed.


The encounters of progressive universal wars brought the Universal declaration, bringing an adherence of acknowledgment from all the nations which end up being a far-reaching treatise of sacred and in estranged human rights. It offers common and political rights including right to life, liberty, free speech and privacy. What's more it incorporates financial, social, social rights being right to social security, wellbeing and training. These entitled essential rights and central freedom that helps in advancing harmony and progress by forestalling monstrosities against humanity. Broadening its area, today human rights have befitted basic in accomplishing advancement objectives which empowers a consistent improvement of prosperity of occupants of the world. The paper targets attracting a likeness the contextual analysis of a personal history of 21st century (I Am Malala by Malala Yousafzai), one being the soonest of women's collections of memoirs and the other being generally horrendous and ongoing one.


The most recognized symbol of patriotism is the national flag. Does this symbol modify our behavior? Investigators in Israel studied the effect of subliminal exposure to the Israeli flag on response to politically charged issues as well as voting intentions and self-reported behavior.

Participants were asked questions about political issues after seeing a control stimulus and after being "primed" …


From last century, many researchers have devoted efforts to examine reading habits of students. The present study is a step forward in the process which aims to identify the reading preferences and tastes of the college students across disciplines. The scope of the study is limited to the degree college students of Kashmir covering the faculties of General Science, Business/ Commerce, Computer Science, Social Sciences and Humanities. The sample was selected through statistical sampling formula and stratified random sampling technique
was used to select students. The questionnaire was used as a data collection tool.
The results reveal that students of all faculties have positive attitudes towards reading in which General Science students enjoy the most and Social Sciences &
Humanities students the least. The General Science students also rank first on spending time on reading. The college students, irrespective of subject differences, mostly prefer to read in English. In comparison, the Computer Science students read in English more than other faculties whereas Social Sciences & Humanities students lead in Urdu. The students of General Science and Social Sciences & Humanities mostly read for education whereas majority of Business & Commerce and Computer Science students read for information. The students of all faculties mostly like to read about their own discipline. In comparison, the students of Social Sciences & Humanities read literature, politics, religion more than others; General Science students lead in science &
technology reading followed by Computer Science students and the students of Business & Commerce lead in business and games/sports. The students of all faculties mostly read print sources compared to electronic. However, the
Computer Science students rank first in exploiting electronic sources followed by Business & Commerce students. The study concludes that the subject background is one of the factors responsible influencing the reading habits of students.


On-chip isolators and circulators are regarded as the last piece of puzzle for photonic integrated circuits. In this paper recent successful demonstration of a polarization insensitive design, compatible with the InP laser process on a thin membrane, is presented.


The selenium is an important element in our life.The high selenium and low selenium can cause many kind of disease to mankind.In the milk contains some nutritive elements,are most similar with the human body nutrition demand,also easy to digest the absorption.The milk is one of people daily essential nutriments,therefore,in the research analysis determination milk the selenium element to maintain the human health has the significance extremely.Summarized to the dairy product in the selenium content determination,and elaborated in the dairy product the selenium determination method.


A forum where leaders obtain answers to tricky questions, find solutions to difficult problems and where fellow business leaders debate the challenges in business - in short, an opportunity for leaders to make a contribution or find answers to business questions. A monthly service to readers in the interests of better leadership and more efficient business practice under the chairmanship of Adriaan Groenewald (adriaan@ leadershipplatform.com) and involving a variety of thought leaders who are prepared to share their knowledge and expertise with their fellow leaders.


Delamination Location and Size by Modified Acoustic Emission on Cross-Ply CFRP Laminate During Compression-Compression Fatigue Loading C Paget (Airbus) The paper deals with location and size evaluation of delamination on cross-ply CFRP panels by modified acoustic emission system called VIGILANT. The system continuously monitored the specimens loaded in compression-compression fatigue loading.(B8:1)


Abstract : An undersea, ambient-pressure, gas-filled, nine-footdiameter by 40- ft-long laboratory was placed on the ocean floor off Argus Island near Bermuda. Four men occupied the laboratory. During this period of saturation 'diving' on a He-O2-N2 gas mixture, the men performed work, ate, and slept within the dry laboratory and made working swims in the ocean spaces surrounding the laboratory. Physiological observations and measurements were made of the laboratory occupants. The Sealab subjects reached a state of equilibrium (tissue saturation) with their breathing medium at depth during the first 24-hr period on the bottom. After this time, additional exposure did not increase the decompression schedule. Decompression time from a 'saturation' dive to 200 ft may be as little as 30 hr, depending on conditions. Sealab I project demonstrated: 1. That man can perform useful work at 200 ft and deeper with this technique of integrating the human more fully with his undersea environment, rather than having him make brief, expensive forays into it, always returning to surface pressure for his necessities of life. 2. No adverse physiological effects as a result of aquanaut exposure to the experimental conditions of the Sealab I project.


Executive summary (1) Introduction This paper provides an evaluation of three possible methods of Statistical Disclosure Control (SDC) to be applied to outputs from the 2011 Census. The Registrars General (RsG) of England and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland had expressed the aim to have the same SDC method applied to the 2011 Census in each country of the UK. The evaluation resulted in the recommendation to use record swapping as the primary method, and this has been agreed to by the RsG. (2) Background Users were critical of the lack of harmonisation in the 2001 Census, when ONS and NISRA (Northern Ireland Statistical and Research Agency) made a late decision to apply small cell adjustment (SCA) on top of record swapping, while using higher geographic thresholds than GROS (General Register Office for Scotland), who did not apply SCA. As a result problems were caused for users of 2001 Census products. A work-package was established to address these issues. In November 2006 the RsG agreed to aim for a common UK SDC methodology for 2011 Census outputs. The RsG considered that, as long as there has been systematic perturbation of the data, the guarantee in the Code of Practice would be met. It was therefore agreed that small counts (0's, 1's, and 2's) could be included in publicly disseminated census tables provided that a) uncertainty as to whether the small cell is a true value has been systematically created; and b) creating that uncertainty does not significantly damage the data. Though pre-and post-tabular methods could be considered, the RsG expressed a preference for pre-tabular methods, provided there is not undue damage to the data, and reported the preference for SDC to have a 'light touch'. Since agreeing this UK SDC Policy, the Statistics and Registration Service Act (SRSA) 2007 has come into force. Section 39 (2) of the Act defines personal information as information which relates to and identifies a particular person. It specifies what constitutes a disclosure of information and the sanctions that may apply for any breach of confidentiality. Following the introduction of the SRSA, the National Statistics Code of Practice has been superseded by the Code of Practice (CoP) for Official Statistics (January 2009), which affirms as one of its eight fundamental principles that 'Private information about individual persons (including bodies corporate) compiled in the production of official statistics is confidential, and should be used for statistical …


The paper analyzed the algorithm of the second discharge circuit based on any double-exponential fitting, introduced the method of the parameters evaluation of impulse voltage generator using MATLAB . As an example, the paper analyzed and evaluated the parameters of the second discharge circuit under the 1.2/50μs standard wave (the line from 0.3Um to 0.9Um was the head of the standard wave) .


A facility was developed for assessing operator performance in target detection, recognition, and identification against simulated real-time and near real-time electro-optical sensor imagery. The basic element in the facility is a programmable image scanner utilized to generate simulated sensor imagery from a variety of sensors and under a wide range of flight profiles. The facility was applied to the evaluation of candidate sensors for a new reconnaissance system. A two-factors, repeated measures design was used in comparing three types of sensor at each of two combinations of airspeed and altitude. Significant findings were developed for the dependent measures of: percent of targets detected, time on display until detection, ground range at detection, slant range at detection, and displayed image scale at detection. Accuracy of interpretation and interpreter confidence did not yield significant results. Additionally, the facility is being used in studying FLIR operator display requirements and several weapon delivery concepts.


This paper is concerned with an essential topic in e-learning - course content authoring. Besides supporting the concept of Competence-Based Learning (CBL) our solution is aiming to make effective use of an open integration architecture fostering the interoperability of hybrid e-learning solutions. Modern scenarios ask for interoperable software solutions to seamlessly integrate existing e-learning infrastructures and legacy tools with innovative technologies while being cognitively efficient to handle. In this way, prospective users are enabled to use them seamlessly without learning overheads. At the same time, methods of Learning Design (LD) in combination with CBL are getting more and more important to produce and maintain easy to facilitate solutions. Our approach of developing a competence-based course-authoring and assignment-support software bridges the gaps between Moodle and established legacy infrastructures by embedding existing legacy tools via Learning Tools Interoperability (LTI). The underlying conceptual architecture for this integration approach and its components will be introduced; furthermore a Moodle plugin will be outlined, which enables Moodle for LD- and CBL-support including corresponding data exchange with our course authoring tool. The paper concludes with an outlook on future plans for our research and development.


This paper proves that the mean independence of the error term from the covariates in a linear regression model is equivalent to, rather than just a sufficient condition for, the error term being uncorrelated with any function of the covariates. Therefore, correct functional form specification of the conditional mean E(y|x) is equivalent to, rather than only a consequence of, the zero conditional mean assumption E(ε|x)=0. This fact may provide students and researchers with a helpful way of understanding the full logical content of this important classical linear model assumption.


Background Riverine species of tsetse (Glossina) transmit Trypanosoma brucei gambiense which causes Gambian human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT), a neglected tropical disease. Uganda aims to eliminate gHAT as a public health problem through detection and treatment of human cases and vector control. The latter is being achieved through the deployment of 'Tiny Targets', insecticide-impregnated panels of material which attract and kill tsetse. We analysed the spatial and temporal distribution of cases of gHAT in Uganda during the period 2010-2019 to assess whether Tiny Targets have had an impact on disease incidence. We


Objective:Investigate the prevalence and influence factors of dyslipidemia of residents in Wenzhou city for preparing reasonable precautions.Methods: Make multi-stage random cluster sampling,and sample 3495 permanent residents over 35 years old in Wenzhou city for questionnaire,physical examination(measurement of height,weight and blood pressure) and laboratory testing(total cholesterol,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,triglycerides and blood sugar),and make statistical analysis on them.Results: For blood lipid levels of residents over 35 years old in Wenzhou city(M±Q,mmol/L),total cholesterol was 5.56±1.39,high density lipoprotein cholesterol was 1.64±0.47,low density lipoprotein cholesterol was 2.83±0.69,triglyceride was1.49±1.11.Abnormal morbidity rate was 68.9%,and the morbidity rate of cities(72.6%) was higher than that of counties(66.2%).It was mainly mixed hyperlipidemia in cities and mainly combination of mixed hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia in countries.Low-risk,medium-risk and high-risk morbidity rates of dyslipidemia was respectively 33.7%,9.1% and 8.6%.Obesity,hypertension,diabetes,living and working tension,constant eating fat and constant drinking beer were risk factors of dyslipidemia.Physical activity,constant drinking milk products,constant eating bean products,vegetables and pickled products were protection factors.Conclusion: Both average blood lipid level and abnormal morbidity rate of residents in Wenzhou city were in higher levels,and dyslipidemia showed a younger trend,and epidemiological characteristics between cities and countries were different.Except age,influence factors of dyslipidemia could be controlled.Comprehensive interventions should be prepared and implemented in the whole city.


The effects of different cultivation treatments on the yield and quality of fruit bodies of a commercially produced Pholiota adiposa strain have been evaluated. Under the conditions adopted, the optimum quantity of compost per cultivation bag required to fully utilize the substrate and to minimize production costs was determined to be 300 g. Production was also improved if cultures were allowed to 'mature' for 10 d after the substrate had been fully colonized by the fungal mycelia. Scratching away the upper 2 cm of the substrate surface from cultivation bottles post-mycelium-maturation initiated earlier primordia formation, increased fruit body yields and improved quality. Cultivation bottles covered with non-woven fabric produced higher fruit body yields of better quality compared to uncovered controls. P. adiposa was sensitive to high illumination intensities during fruit body development.


Objective
To evaluate the effect of tyrosol on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetic rats and the role of silent mating-type information regulation 1 (SIRT1)/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) signaling pathway.

Methods
SPF healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 200-220 g, were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin 60 mg/kg to establish the model of diabetes mellitus.Fifty-six diabetic rats were divided into 4 groups (n=14 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (S group), myocardial I/R group(I/R group), myocardial I/R plus tyrosol group (I/R+ T group), and myocardial I/R plus tyrosol plus SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 group (I/R+ T+ E group). In I/R+ T and I/R+ T+ E groups, tyrosol 20 mg·kg-1·d-1 was given by gavage for 45 consecutive days, and the equal volume of normal saline was given in the other two groups.In I/R+ T+ E group, EX527 5 mg·kg-1·d-1 was intraperitoneally injected for 3 consecutive days before ischemia, and EX527 5 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 20 min before reperfusion.Myocardial I/R was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery for 30 min followed by 2-h reperfusion.The myocardial infarct volume was measured by TTC staining.The levels of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and 5-F2t-isoprostane in serum and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in myocardial tissues were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The expression of SIRT1, AMPK, phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK), eNOS and p-eNOS was detected by Western blot.

Results
Compared with S group, the levels of serum CK-MB, LDH and 15-F2t-Isoprostane and myocardial infarction volume were significantly increased, the SOD activity was decreased, and the SIRT1 expression was down-regulated in I/R group, and the levels of serum CK-MB, LDH and 15-F2t-Isoprostane and myocardial infarction volume were significantly increased, the SOD activity was decreased, the SIRT1 expression was down-regulated, and the expression of p-AMPK and p-eNOS was up-regulated in I/R+ T and I/R+ T+ E groups (P 0.05). Compared with I/R+ T group, the levels of CK-MB, LDH and 15-F2t-isoprostane in serum and myocardial infarct volume were significantly increased, the SOD activity was increased, and the expression of SIRT1, p-AMPK and p-eNOS was down-regulated in I/R+ T+ E group (P<0.05).

Conclusion
Tyrosol can mitigate myocardial I/R injury, and the mechanism may be related to activating SIRT1/AMPK/eNOS signaling pathway and inhibiting oxidative stress response in diabetic rats.

Key words:
Antioxidants; Diabetes mellitus; Myocardial reperfusion injury; Sirtuin 1; Protein-serine-threonine kinases; Nitric oxide synthase


Through remake cyclone separator and reasonable using defoamer to solve a problem of material go to gas cabinet when produce material and retlieve.The produclion cost of PVC was reduced to the effective.The economic effect was considerable.


I keep a tidy kitchen. When irreparable damage had been done I gave up smoking but for maybe just One cigar a day. I emptied all the trays. When news reached us of the undue Hardships I divided the wind as A factor, the speed as a factor And puffed up the pillows in the next room. When armies of enemies and friends advanced Unlimited, I saw someone who looked Like your wife and bought a Picture of her for you to put on your desk. When bullets hit dead center I said What is the use of all the people we Did not love and who did not love us. I put them out with the garbage. Before we killed an animal for


When commenting on the ability of our model to represent the spread of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, Brewer et al1 focus on our choice of parameters rather than what we consider more important: our representation of the sexual network structure. It was not our objective to precisely replicate observed epidemics, a task we believe requires a more sophisticated description of sexual networks, but to explore some of the issues surrounding different modes of transmission. Our main conclusion remains that heterogeneity in risk is required to generate the size of epidemics observed by transmission through either sexual contact or unsafe injections. Our range of transmission probabilities per sex act was taken from a systematic review and meta-analysis,2 which incorporated studies where STI cofactors were present and of populations involved in commercial sex. We still believe this provides a better estimate than the figure quoted by Brewer et al. The prospective study of discordant couples in Rakai3 provides an accurate figure for transmission but suffers from selection bias, including only couples within which transmission had not yet occurred at recruitment. As this study shows, transmission is dependent on the viral load of the infected partner, which means that transmission probability will vary with time since HIV infection. The recruitment of couples when HIV prevalence was declining in Rakai would suggest that transmission during primary viraemia was missed. In a more recent analysis from the same population, Wawer et al estimate the transmission probability per sex act at different stages of infection, including within the first 15 months after seroconversion and the last 25 months before death.4 We start to observe infection in the model population with transmission probabilities per sex act of around 0.0045, well within the confidence intervals estimated in this recent study. When estimating the corresponding transmission probability from iatrogenic exposures, the inability to study unsafe practices is a barrier that we believe cannot be solved by retrospectively studying 4 of 8 outbreaks where more than 10 people were infected, because this excludes an unknown number of cases where HIV failed to spread. Measures of the number of sexual partners suffer from social desirability biases.5 This is particularly a problem in large, household-based surveys where sexual behavior is not the main focus, as is the case in the Demographic and Health Surveys quoted by Brewer et al. Furthermore, behaviors recorded recently are likely to have changed significantly from the behaviors existing during the initial spread of HIV. Nonetheless, it is likely that we have used an overestimate of the number of new sexual partners per year. This is because the model, which is typical of many others, equates risk of sexual HIV acquisition with turnover of partners, using 'new partners' to approximate both new and existing partners and concurrent partners. The model structure with instantaneous formation of partnerships does not allow for concurrent sexual partnerships, which we believe is a major factor for transmission. A more complex, individual-based model would be required to explore these characteristics fully. As Brewer et al note, Apetrei et al found detectable HIV RNA in 33% of needles previously used by HIV-infected individuals in Cameroon.6 However, the presence of HIV in needles does not necessitate transmission; it is only if those needles are then reused that transmission may occur. The existing evidence is that reuse of needles is relatively rare.7 However, empirical evidence is lacking with which to assess heterogeneity of risk. Brewer et al criticize our decision to allow only one transmission per contaminated needle by citing an article in which they suggest that multiple infections are possible from a single reused needle or syringe. We, however, based this decision on results from work by Abdala et al, who observed that recovery of viable HIV-1 from syringes that had been flushed once was dramatically reduced.8 Our initial aim in comparing a model of iatrogenic and sexual transmission was to explore the parameter regimes and patterns of epidemics in more detail. However, we acknowledge that more work is needed both in model development and in empirical study. We agree with Brewer et al that comparing the risks of those with and without incident HIV is important. Prevalent HIV infections were once incident infections, and we have found that lifetime number of sex partners best predicted prevalent HIV infections in rural Zimbabwe.9 However, risk may differ by location and over time and further studies are required to generate a more measured view of the relative importance of sexual and iatrogenic routes of infection.


The comparative analysis of results of conservative and combined treatment was carried out. The study group consisted of 400 patients with stage T3–4N0–3M0 laryngeal cancer who received concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy in combination with various physical radiomodifyers. The control group comprised 920 patients treated with the same technique but without systemic polychemotherapy. The 5-year relapse-free and overall survival rates were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group  (concervative treatment: 71 % and 86 % versus 37 % and 64.8 %, respectively, р<0,001 and combined treatment: 80 % and 83 % versus 47.4 % and 52 %, respectively (р<0,001). The functional organ was preserved in 71.2 % of locally advanced laryngeal cancer patients treated conservatively compared to 37.0 % of the control group patients. Oprgan-preserving surgeries were performed in 30.5% and 23%, respectively. The total number of patients with the larynx preservation was 50 % of the stydy group and 31.6 % of the control group.


Objective:To investigate the treatment of nephritis Ⅱ,the clinical effect of chronic nephritis,explore traditional Chinese medicine treatment of chronic nephritis,as well as the role of traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment of the disease combining the advantages and feasibility. Methods:This study used single-blind randomized controlled,selected 60 cases in Shaanxi Branch Medical College Hospital nephropathy patients with chronic nephritis dialectical for Qiyinliangxu Syndrome patients with glomerulonephritis Ⅱ,for the treatment of the group to enalapril in the control group. Observation of the two groups of patients before and after treatment of Chinese medicine symptom score,24-hour urine protein quantitation,blood,urine,fecal occult blood conventional increases,renal,liver function,electrolytes,and ECG. Results:The two groups were statistically treatment efficacy,the difference was statistically significant( P 0. 01). Indicators show that the observations:nephritis Ⅱ can significantly reduce urinary protein,can improve the symptoms of chronic nephritis enhance immunity,reduce the number of colds,the long-term effect than the simple treatment group ( P 0. 01,P 0. 05) ,the effect of long-term use can be consolidated,in the course of treatment have not found any adverse reaction. Conclusion:nephritisⅡ can improve the symptoms of chronic nephritis; reduce urinary protein laboratory indicators; taking the prescription drug-free during the reaction,easy to receive long-term patients.


This catalogue was made to accompany a major exhibition of photo-based works which address the issue of mortality in the context of the family. The authors focus on photography's association with death, temporality and the eternal, by analyzing modernist notions of identity, subjectivity, freedom and autonomy. Includes artist's projects by Semchuck and Penner Bancroft. Biographical notes. 11 bibl. ref.


Hyperfine structures in the first excited $D$ levels of $^{39}\mathrm{K}$, $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$, $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$, and $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$ have been measured by cascade-fluorescence spectroscopy. We find that the magnetic-dipole coupling constants $A$ (in MHz) are $|A(^{39}\mathrm{K},3^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})|l1.8$, $|A(^{39}\mathrm{K},3^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})|l2.2$, $A(^{85}\mathrm{Rb},4^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=+7.3(5)$, $A(^{85}\mathrm{Rb},4^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=\ensuremath{-}5.2(3)$, $A(^{87}\mathrm{Rb},4^{2}D_{\frac{3}{2}})=+25.1(9)$, $A(^{87}\mathrm{Rb},4^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=\ensuremath{-}16.9(6)$, and $A(^{133}\mathrm{Cs},5^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}})=\ensuremath{-}22.1(5)$.


The distribution of isomers in mononitration of toluene is demonstrated to be dependent upon the properties of the solvents involved. An empirical model has been derived to relate the isomer ratio with the dipole moments and dielectric constants of the solvents. Based on this observation, an investigation into the effect of electric field on the distribution of isomers in continuous mononitration of toluene has been carried out.


An 89-year-old female with a prior history of ischemic stroke, not on ACE inhibitor, presented to the emergency department for generalized malaise. During her initial evalu-ation she was noted to be hypotensive (64/44 mm) on two occasions with no other symptoms and was fluid resuscitated due to concern for hemodynamic instability. Her hemoglo-bin concentration was 6.1 g/dl. She was transferred to the intensive care unit with a blood pressure of 144/65 mmHg and one unit of red blood cells (RBCs) was ordered. Twenty minutes into the transfusion (50 ml transfused), the blood pressure was noted to be 72/49 mmHg without any other symptoms. The RBC unit was returned as part of a request to investigate a transfusion reaction. Shortly after, the blood pressure was reevaluated on the opposite arm showing over 100 mmHg difference between arms (systolic 75 mmHg-left arm; 180 mmHg-right arm). A CT chest angiogram revealed subclavian steal syndrome. The image shows an oblique coronal view using curved planar reformation (Figure 1). A non-calcified and calcified plaque at the origin is completely occluding the proximal left subclavian artery (white arrow) with distal reconstitution from the ipsilateral vertebral artery (white arrowhead). This finding accounts for the difference in blood pressure measurements, related to


Absorption of both dietary cholesterol and cholesterol cleared from the liver through biliary secretion contributes substantially to tight control of cholesterol homeostasis. This process is mediated by a specific transporter – Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 (NPC1L1) protein – localized to the brush border membrane of jejunal enterocytes (Figure 1, Table 1).1 NPC1L1 was first described by Davies and colleagues in 2000 while searching for proteins homologues of human Niemann-Pick type C1 protein (NPC1) – the primary causative protein for Niemann-Pick disease type C1 – that may be involved in subcellular cholesterol trafficking.2,3 Human liver express also NPC1L1, however its physiological significance in hepatocytes remains to be elucidated.

Figure 1.

The Niemann–Pick C1-like-1(NPC1L1) protein (dark red) is located at the apical membrane of enterocytes and facilitates the uptake of cholesterol across the brush border membrane. In contrast, the ABCG5/G8 transporter (green) promotes the active ...

Table 1

Comparison Between NPC1L1 and PCSK9 proteins.

Ezetimibe – a potent selective inhibitor of NPC1L1 protein activity5 – has been shown to lower plasma levels of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by 12% to 20%6–8. It was approved, in 2012, by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia on the basis of its LDL-C lowering alone, despite lack of data on its effects on clinical end-points such as death, myocardial infarction (MI), or stroke in clinical outcome studies.

Ezetimibe failed to slow the progression of carotid intima-media thickness, when added to background statin therapy in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia in the landmark Ezetimibe and Simvastatin in Hypercholesterolemia Enhance Atherosclerosis Regression (ENHANCE) trial, reported in January 200811. Unfortunately these negative results cast a shadow over ezetimibe, although the ENHANCE study was heavily criticized by a significant and unexplained 18-month delay between completion of the study and publication of results. In the latest European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and American Heart Association (AHA) prevention guidelines, the use of ezetimibe alone or in combination is considered a class IIb recommendation.12,13

These results move us to more uncertainty about the benefit of this drug, and stimulated the need for conducting large genetic and clinical studies in order to test the impact of NPC1L1 inhibition on clinical outcome. Data from two large studies have been recently published and reviewed here to determine the clinical efficacy and safety of ezetimibe therapy.


Background and Purpose— This article is a comprehensive review of aphasia treatment studies for the purpose of investigating the relationship between time postonset of aphasia and response to treatment for aphasia in chronic patients at ≥1 year after symptom onset. Methods— Studies that demonstrated treatment response (defined as a measurable change in task performance compared with a control task performance) through the use of single-subject design methodologies on measures of verbal output or auditory comprehension were selected. Individual subject data were extracted from the 23 studies that met criteria identifying the subjects as those who received direct continuous therapy for spoken language deficits and whose changes in response to therapy were measurable. Percent of maximum possible change was used as a measurement of outcome. Results— Nonparametric correlation statistics (Spearman ρ) and comparisons of group means (Kruskal–Wallis) were used to compare the relationship between time postonset and...


The stamping process for forming a muffler front cover was determined based on analysis on the manufacturability of the product and a progressive die was developed. The die design procedure and structure of key die components such as floating roof device and guide units were described.


Summary In recent years, although the national application of international law has gathered much interest, the domestic point of view on the issue has not been adequately considered. The argument defended in this article is that the domestic use of international law is, as far as Canadian judges and other domestic actors are concerned, a question of statutory interpretation, which must be addressed, rationalized, and understood within this framework. First, the author refers to the principle according to which Canadian courts are not bound by international norms, including treaty norms, which is still valid even though some judicial and doctrinal statements seem to challenge it. International law cannot be binding upon national courts because the "Westphalian" model of international relations, regulated by the "Vattelian" legal structure, postulates the existence of an international plane that is distinct and separate from the internal spheres. Hence, the requirement that international conventions be implemented through the adoption of domestic legislation. Our courts interpret and apply Canadian law and, to the extent that international treaty law is part of domestic law, it may have an influence on them, but without ever binding them. The second part, and the main contribution of the article, consists of an analytical scheme of the persuasive force of international law. The practices of treaty implementation and how it relates to parliamentary intent — showing also that passive incorporation is impossible — as well as Driedger's modern approach to statutory interpretation, which favours recourse to international law as a contextual element in all cases over a presumption of conformity involving the preliminary and artificial requirement of ambiguity are discussed in the article. In the final analysis, it is shown that the weight of the international law argument shall be based on the degree of incorporation of treaty norms within the Canadian legal system. In this regard, there would be four types of context in which fall the categories of treaty norms. In decreasing order of persuasive authority: (1) internal-immediate context; (2) internal-extended context; (3) external-immediate context; and (4) external-extended context.


With increasing penetration of low cost smartphones and affordable data plans in developing countries like India, there is a definite potential that the benefits of access to information can reach a wider audience. However, researchers have also been cognizant that many from this segment are first time users of digital technology and are limited by low text-literacy and low capability to handle and use digital platforms. The established norms of application building for a more tech-savvy and text-literate audience might need to be revisited. We conduct detailed interviews in an ecologically valid setting with 20 farmers from rural Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh to understand the information seeking behaviour and culture of digital platform usage among these populations. Through these interviews we are able to distill some very salient characteristics of the new Internet users and draw a broad set of guidelines for designing information systems for these users. We find the constructs of trust, external invisibility, peers and family play a very important role in the uptake of digital platforms in addition to the accessibility features of text-free design.


The data for the purification of actual groundwater polluted with tetrachloroethylene by a photocatalytic treatment plant are reported.The pilot plant was very effective in removing tetrachloroethylene (PCE) from water ; the highest PCE removal efficiency was ca. 99%.The results obtained by the experiment were summarized as follows :1) The PCE removal ratio was dependent on the initial PCE concentration in air.2) Removal ratio of PCE in the photocatalytic reactor reached a maximum at the air flow rate of about 7 l/min.3) No organic chlorinated product of the degradation reaction was detected.4) It was confirmed that the photocatalytic activity did not change during the experimental period of 8 months.


Cosmic metal enrichment is one of the key physical processes regulating galaxy formation and the evolution of the intergalactic medium (IGM). However, determining the metal content of the most distant galaxies has proven so far almost impossible; also, absorption line experiments at $z\sim6$ become increasingly difficult because of instrumental limitations and the paucity of background quasars. With the advent of ALMA, far-infrared emission lines provide a novel tool to study early metal enrichment. Among these, the [CII] line at 157.74 $\mu$m is the most luminous line emitted by the interstellar medium of galaxies. It can also resonant scatter CMB photons inducing characteristic intensity fluctuations ($\Delta I/I_{CMB}$) near the peak of the CMB spectrum, thus allowing to probe the low-density IGM. We compute both [CII] galaxy emission and metal-induced CMB fluctuations at $z\sim 6$ by using Adaptive Mesh Refinement cosmological hydrodynamical simulations and produce mock observations to be directly compared with ALMA BAND6 data ($\nu_{obs}\sim 272$ GHz). The [CII] line flux is correlated with $M_{UV}$ as $\log(F_{peak}/\mu{\rm Jy})=-27.205-2.253\,M_{UV}-0.038\,M_{UV}^2$. Such relation is in very good agreement with recent ALMA observations (e.g. Maiolino et al. 2015; Capak et al. 2015) of $M_{UV}<-20$ galaxies. We predict that a $M_{UV}=-19$ ($M_{UV}=-18$) galaxy can be detected at $4\sigma$ in $\simeq40$ (2000) hours, respectively. CMB resonant scattering can produce $\simeq\pm 0.1\,\mu$Jy/beam emission/absorptions features that are very challenging to be detected with current facilities. The best strategy to detect these signals consists in the stacking of deep ALMA observations pointing fields with known $M_{UV}\simeq-19$ galaxies. This would allow to simultaneously detect both [CII] emission from galactic reionization sources and CMB fluctuations produced by $z\sim6$ metals.


A prestressed concrete heading hollow square pile with a pyramid pile tip is provided, one end of the prestressed concrete heading hollow square pile is provided with a concrete solid pyramid square pile tip, the pile tip is connected with a square pile body into a whole. tension holes with ribs passing through are symmetrically arranged around the pile tip to implement the pre-stretching of steel bars arranged along the axial direction of the prestressed concrete hollow square pile body. Compared to the traditional pile tip technology, the utility model has advantages of good penetrating ability, strong corrosion resistance, and economy.


This article tests and expands upon the research performed by Adrian Karatnycky and Peter Ackerman in their 2005 Freedom House publication How Freedom Is Won.1 A sensitivity analysis will be given to assess the validity of their finding that nonviolent civic action improves the durability of democracy. The analysis shows that this correlation has statistical significance and remains significant with Polity IV and the Economist Intelligence Unit regime indices replacing the original Freedom House data. It also finds that civic transitions to democracy result in significantly stronger posttransition economic growth than do transitions driven by powerholders. Furthermore, the use of violence by opposition groups during the transition is found to increase dramatically the chances of posttransition violent conflict.


This paper presents the design and implementation of a communication protocol for the IBM Cyclops-64 (C64) supercomputer system to enable reliable data transfer between the two major components of a C64 system: the C64 host system (also called C64 frontend) and the C64 compute engine (also called C64 back-end). The building block of C64 compute engine (C64 chip) employs a multi-core-on-a-chip architecture. A C64 computer system includes (in its compute engine) a large number of C64 nodes (chips) that are arranged in a 3D-mesh cellular structure. The compute engine is attached to the host system via Gigabit Ethernet links. The host system can be a Linux cluster that provides a familiar operating environment to the end users, plus special services targeted to the C64 compute engine, including system administration, job scheduling, file I/O, and remote memory operations, etc. Early in the design stage, a clear specification of the application requirements is presented to the design team: most of the communication is bulk data transfer, with little interactive requirement, and is mainly used to feed program code and huge amount of user data that need to be processed to the back-end of a C64 machine. Based on these requirements, this paper introduces CDP (Cyclops Datagram Protocol), a simple, reliable, and programmable communication protocol we designed for the communication between C64 back-end and the host system. Our CDP protocol has the following features: (1) creating a global name space on the C64 back-end and the host system; (2) providing a reliable communication channel between the C64 and host nodes; (3) providing a set of standard programming interfaces to system software developers; (4) it employes a simple design that are engineered to provide just enough capacity to achieve the specific application requirements. The CDP protocol has been fully implemented and tested, and a report of the experimental results is included that demonstrated that our design has met the application requirement.