AIM
A syngeneic color-coded imageable lymphoma model has been developed to visualize recruitment of host stromal cells by malignant lymphoma during metastasis. The EL4 cell line was previously derived from a lymphoma induced in a C57/BL6 mouse by 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
EL4 lymphoma cells expressing red fluorescent protein (EL4-RFP) were initially established. EL4-RFP cells were subsequently injected into the tail vein of C57/BL6-GFP transgenic mice.

RESULTS
EL4-RFP metastasis was observed in the lymph nodes of the upper mediastinum and in the liver 28 days after cell injection. Large EL4-RFP liver metastases in C57/BL6-GFP mice contained GFP-expressing stromal cells derived from the host. In addition, EL4-RFP lymphoma metastasis was formed in peri-gastric lymph nodes, which were also enriched in host GFP-expressing cells. Furthermore, EL4-RFP lymphoma cells were also observed in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of C57/BL6-GFP transgenic mice, where they were associated with GFP-expressing host cells.

CONCLUSION
Lymph node, liver and bone marrow metastases were found approximately 4 weeks after transplantation and all RFP-expressing metastases were highly enriched in GFP-expressing host stromal cells. This model of malignant lymphoma can be used to study early tumor development, metastasis, and the role of the stroma, as well as for discovery and evaluation of novel therapeutics for this treatment-resistant disease.


Serender (granary, store building) is one of the important buildings of the vernacular architectural products are not built anymore in Eastern Black Sea region. These are basically buildings consisting of a ambar (a breathable storage room; main space in serender) and a sofa (balcony area) on wooden pillars. These structures ensure that the food to be stored for a long time is kept in an airy place and out of reach of harmful animals. Especially in the ambar, wood masonry construction technique is widely used. In this study, one of these buildings, located 13 kilometers away from Çamlıhemşin, is reviewed. In order to place the traditional buildings on the ground in the region, a leveled area is generally prepared by digging with hand tools on the slope land and this floor is built with stone walls that form the foundation. Thus, the part of the building that comes into contact with the soil is made of stone, which is a moisture-resistant material. Especially in this part of the Eastern Black Sea region, it is common to build such a stone section under the serender building. This part of this structure, which was created by building a stone wall, was converted into a separate space and used as a guest room for those who came to the neighborhood from outside. Besides, the technique of placing serenders on a stone-built space that also serves as a foundation, which is a common practice especially in this part of the region, was also applied in this serender. Especially the arrangement of this place as a living space is one of the most typical features of this serender. At the present time, one of the typical example of these buildings which are in the process vanish from the surrounding of Rize province has been studied as a documentation work. In this context, it has been tried to determine in terms of the layout of space and structural features of this serender, and the ornamental elements that can be seen much more intensely in the form of chip carvings in some serenders in other parts of the region, but which are not found much in this serender. Keywords: Serender, traditional wooden building, chip carving ornament, Çamlıhemşin, Eastern Black Sea.


CLINICAL TRIALS DESIGN Clinical Trials 2014; 11: 362–375 The Testosterone Trials: Seven coordinated trials of testosterone treatment in elderly men Peter J Snyder a , Susan S Ellenberg b , Glenn R Cunningham c , Alvin M Matsumoto d , Shalender Bhasin e , Elizabeth Barrett-Connor f , Thomas M Gill g , John T Farrar h , David Cella i , Raymond C Rosen j , Susan M Resnick k , Ronald S Swerdloff l , Jane A Cauley m , Denise Cifelli h , Laura Fluharty h , Marco Pahor n , Kristine E Ensrud o , Cora E Lewis p , Mark E Molitch q , Jill P Crandall r , Christina Wang l , Matthew J Budoff s , Nanette K Wenger t , Emile R Mohler 3rd u , Diane E Bild v , Nakela L Cook w , Tony M Keaveny x , David L Kopperdahl y , David Lee y , Ann V Schwartz z , Thomas W Storer ab , William B Ershler ac , Cindy N Roy ad , Leslie J Raffel ae , Sergei Romashkan af and Evan Hadley af Background The prevalence of low testosterone levels in men increases with age, as does the prevalence of decreased mobility, sexual function, self-perceived vitality, cognitive abilities, bone mineral density, and glucose tolerance, and of increased anemia and coronary artery disease. Similar changes occur in men who have low serum testosterone concentrations due to known pituitary or testicular disease, and testosterone treatment improves the abnormalities. Prior studies of the effect of tes- tosterone treatment in elderly men, however, have produced equivocal results. Purpose To describe a coordinated set of clinical trials designed to avoid the pitfalls of prior studies and to determine definitively whether testosterone treatment of elderly men with low testosterone is efficacious in improving symptoms and objec- tive measures of age-associated conditions. Methods We present the scientific and clinical rationale for the decisions made in the design of this set of trials. Results We designed The Testosterone Trials as a coordinated set of seven trials to determine if testosterone treatment of elderly men with low serum testosterone concen- trations and symptoms and objective evidence of impaired mobility and/or diminished libido and/or reduced vitality would be efficacious in improving mobility (Physical Func- tion Trial), sexual function (Sexual Function Trial), fatigue (Vitality Trial), cognitive func- tion (Cognitive Function Trial), hemoglobin (Anemia Trial), bone density (Bone Trial), and coronary artery plaque volume (Cardiovascular Trial). The scientific advantages of this coordination were common eligibility criteria, common approaches to treatment and monitoring, and the ability to pool safety data. The logistical advantages were a sin- gle steering committee, data coordinating center and data and safety monitoring board, the same clinical trial sites, and the possibility of men participating in multiple trials. The major consideration in participant selection was setting the eligibility criterion for serum testosterone low enough to ensure that the men were unequivocally testosterone defi- cient, but not so low as to preclude sufficient enrollment or eventual generalizability of the results. The major considerations in choosing primary outcomes for each trial were identifying those of the highest clinical importance and identifying the minimum clini- cally important differences between treatment arms for sample size estimation. Please refer to the Appendix at the end of this paper for individual affiliation details. Author for correspondence: Peter J Snyder, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadel- phia, PA 19104-5160, USA. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com O The Author(s), 2014 Reprints and permissions: http://www.sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav Downloaded from ctj.sagepub.com at AMGEN, INC. on May 22, 2015


This article describes the urgency of risk researching and risk-management in marketing, the concept of marketing risks and its peculiarities.


Objective To explore the hypothesis that human cord blood mononuclear cells(HCMNCs) could enter the brain of vascular dementia(VD) rats across the blood-brain barrier(BBB) through intracarotid infusion by observing the characteristics of localization and survival of HCMNCs in the sites of damaged brain.Methods The rats were randomly divided into a control group(n=6),a VD model group(n=6) and a treatment group(n=30).The VD rat model was established by modified pulsinellis 4VO.The rats in the treatment group were divided into 6 h(6-h),24 h(24-h),3 d(3-d),7 d(7-d) and 2 weeks(2-w) group after 4-Vessel occlusion(4VO) with 6 rats in every group and received intracarotid infusion of 3×10~6/0.5 ml HCMNCs labeled with BrdU in vitro.The learning-memory abilities were measured by using computerized shuttle-training case.At 4 weeks after HCMNCs infusion,the characteristics of HCMNCs survival and distribution in brain were studied by immunohistochemical method.Results HCMNCs distributed throughout the brain,and mainly localized in hippocampus and cerebral cortex,especially around their blood vessel.HCMNCs increased from(3 598±311) in the 4VO-6-h group to(4 311±311) in 4VO-24-h group and(4 426±399) in 4VO-3-d group,then decreased gradually to(3 726±356) in 4VO-7-d group and(2 525±298) in 4VO-2-w group(P0.05,P0.01).At 2 and 4 weeks after infusion,the ratio of active avoidance reaction(AAR) was higher in 4VO6-h group than the model group(P0.01),lower than that of 4VO-24-h and 4VO-3-d groups,then decreased in 4VO-7-d group that was significantly lower than that of 4VO-3-d group(P0.05).AAR ratio of 4VO-2-w group continued to decrease, but still higher than than the model group(P0.05,P0.01).Conclusion HCMNCs by intracarotid infusion could enter the cerebra parenchyma across BBB,localized and directed to the damaged sites of brain to survive,and improve learning-memory abilities of VD rats.There is special and suitable therapeutic time window when HCMNCs pass BBB.


Explanations of the special theory of relativity usually start from an assumption that the speed of light is a constant for all observers, and use that to work out the Lorentz transform. I show that it is not necessary to make any assumption about the speed of light. This is useful because that assumption sometimes misleads people. If they have difficulty accepting the predictions of the special theory, they are tempted to doubt that the speed of light is always constant, and to conclude that we just haven't tried hard enough to find the exceptions. And if we assume that the theory of relativity depends on the constancy of the speed of light, then it invites speculation about what would happen if the speed of light changed.


The invention discloses IgY mouthwash prepared by anti-porphyromonas gingivalis and an IgY antibody with fusobacterium nucleatum specificity, which is used for preventing gingivitis and gingivitis ozostomia. The IgY mouthwash comprises an IgY preparation for resisting periodontal pathogens and basic mouthwash materials, wherein the IgY preparation for resisting periodontal pathogens is prepared by raw materials according to the following mass percent accounting for the total mass of toothpaste: 0.01%-0.5% of anti-porphyromonas gingivalis and IgY antibody preparation with fusobacterium nucleatum specificity, 0.01-2.0% of chlorhexidine, 1.0-30.0% of glycerol, and 0.1-2.0% of polyvinylpyrrolidone, wherein a protective preparation of the anti-porphyromonas gingivalis and the IgY antibody preparation with fusobacterium nucleatum specificity is prepared by the chlorhexidine, the glycerol, and the polyvinylpyrrolidone. The IgY mouthwash which is disclosed by the invention and is used for treating and preventing gingivitis and ozostomia has an obvious effect on treating and preventing the gingivitis and the ozostomia.


The catalytic synthesis of alkyl-α,ω-diyl dimethyl dicarbonate was achieved firstly by solid base via transesterification of aliphatic diols with dimethyl carbonate under atmospheric pressure. The ...


Background: The gut microbiota plays a vital role in mental disorders, and the gut-brain axis has also been studied in the pathogenesis of depression. Furthermore, studies show the presence of the oral-gut microbiome axis. Oral microbiota dysbiosis is linked with mental disorders, suggesting that pathologic bacteria from the oral cavity may contribute to the development of mental disorders. However, whether independent oral microbiome that do not depend on gut microbes impacts the progression of depression, andthe presence and mechanism underlying about the microbiota-oral-brain axis in depression remains unclear. Here, saliva microbiota transplantation in germ-free mice used to study the impacts and mechanism of oral microbes on depression. 16S rRNA sequencing and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry were performed on saliva, stool and serum to investigate alterations in microbiota and metabolites. Results: It was observed that differential shaping effect of oral and intestinal microbiota on depression. Moreover, germ-free mice transplanted with saliva from chronic restraint stress (CRS)-exposed mice displayed emotional impairment and oral microbial dysbiosis with signi�cant differential abundance of bacterial species including the enrichment of Pseudomonas, Pasteurellaceae and Muribacter and depletion of Streptococcus. Metabolomic analysis showed the alternation of metabolites in the serum of CRS-exposed germ-free mice, especially Eicosapentaenoic Acid. Furthermore, ectopic colonization of oral microbiome induced by CRS in the intestine impaired gut barrier function, which is associated with increased blood-brain barrier permeability. Pseudomonas supplementation exacerbated depression-like behavior, while Eicosapentaenoic Acid treatment conferred protection against depression-like states in mice. Conclusions: These results suggest the external shaping process of gut microbiota by oral microbiome and indicate the great value of oral saliva samples in monitoring and assessing depression progression in clinical settings.


Camphor olive oil was injected subcutaneously and in fact in the deafferent region, in a dose of 0.2 grm., 1 grm., 1.75 grms., 2.5 grms. and 5 grms. per kilo into the dogs, the dorsal spinal roots of which were previously sectioned from the IX thoracic to the III lumbar cord. The suprarenal vein blood samples were collected by the lumbar route preparation, the animal being non-fastened, non-anaesthetized. The bloods were examined for epinephrine (by means of the rabbit intestine segment method) and sugar (Hagedorn and Jensen). 0.2 grm. camphor per kilo was wholly ineffective, 1 grm. scarcely effective in causing acceleration in both the values as well as the clinical symptoms. From 1.75 grms. up it resulted in occasing the acceleration in both estimations and clinical symptoms. The injection was followed in a few minutes by the poisoning symptoms; the rate of epinephrine secretion, the pulse rate and respiration were accelerated and the blood sugar concentration increased. When 2.5 grms. and 5 grms. were dosaged, they reached the acme within thirty to sixty minutes and then gradually disappeared, and the initial values were nearly regained at the end of two hours of poisoning, when the animals were already quiet, and depressed. These fluctuations ran on the whole approximately parallel. The greatest rate of epinephrine secretion during the poisoning with 1.75-5 grms. camphor per kilo was about 0.0002-0.0004 mgrm. per kilo and per minute. The blood sugar concentration was 0.174-0.304%. A single experiment was made on the doubly splanchnicotomized, but otherwise normal dog with a trace of hyperglycaemia on injecting 2.5 grms. camphor per kilo.


This article extends a paper of Abraham and Bonnet which generalised the famous Hausdorff characterisation of the class of scattered linear orders. Abraham and Bonnet gave a poset hierarchy that characterised the class of scattered posets which do not have infinite antichains (abbreviated FAC for finite antichain condition). An antichain here is taken in the sense of incomparability. We define a larger poset hierarchy than that of Abraham and Bonnet, to include a broader class of "scattered" posets that we call κ-scattered. These posets cannot embed any order such that for every two subsets of size < κ, one being strictly less than the other, there is an element in between. If a linear order has this property and has size κ we call this set Q(κ). Such a set only exists when κ = κ. Partial orders with the property that for every a < b the set {x : a < x < b} has size ≥ κ are called weakly κ-dense, and partial orders that do not have a weakly κ-dense subset are called strongly κ-scattered. We prove that our hierarchy includes all strongly κ-scattered FAC posets, and that the hierarchy is included in the class of all FAC κ-scattered posets. In addition, we prove that our hierarchy is in fact the closure of the class of all κ-well-founded linear orders under inversions, lexicographic sums and FAC weakenings. For κ = א0 our hierarchy agrees with the one from the Abraham-Bonnet theorem. 1 The authors warmly thank Uri Abraham for his many useful suggestions and comments. This research was started in the second author's undergraduate thesis supervised by the first author at the University of Wisconsin and was partly funded by the Univer-


Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness,indications and complications of transcatheter arterial embolization in the treatment of the patients with traumatic hepatic hemorrhage.Materials and Methods Retrospective review was conducted on 50 patients with traumatic hepatic bleeding who were confirmed by B ultrasound and CT at our institution from August,2000 to August 2010.All patients underwent hepatic arterial angiography and followed by superselective transarterial embolization with gelfoam particles or steel coil.The effectiveness was assessed by normal life signs.Results Among 50 cases,9 cases were embolized by gelfoam particles,41 cases were embolized by gelatine particles and steel coils.Bleeding stopped immediately in 47 patients,except 3 cases with recurrent bleeding within 12-72 hours after transcatheter arterial embolization therapy,and second arterial embolization were performed in 3 cases with recurrent bleeding,2 cases recovered completely,and the other died of hepatic abscess and severe abdominal infection 2 weeks after the second embolization.No recurrence of bleeding or serious complications were observed in 49 patients during 3 months to 3 years of followed up.Conclusion Transcatheter arterial embolization is an effective and safe procedure in the treatment of traumatic hepatic hemorrhage.


China has accumulated rich experience in implementation of public polcies.In the past decades,many scholars at home and abroad have attempted to offer diversely different theoretical explanations on this.The paper categorizes these explanations into three theoretical models: the bureaucratic model,the political propaganda model,and the competing model.The basic theoretical assumptions,study approaches,relevance and limitations of them in interpretating the Chinese situations are also discussed.An analysis framework of "implementation structure-policy implementation-implementation results" is proposed to establish a localized theoretical model.


Cultural ecology seeks for transactional interrelationshps or dialectical dialogues between natural setting and socio-cultural phenomena. Its recent development has made it possible to make clear the essential characteristic of fishermen's cultures, since their cultures, overt and covert, especially at the subsistence level are conditioned to a larger extent or even determined by various natural conditions such as submarine topography, bottom material, tidal and ocean current, temperature on the surface of the sea, direction of the wind, cyclical movement of the moon, biofacies as well. In view of these facts, it seems that fishermen's cultures in the Far East and Southeast Asia can be roughly classified into two types of cultures, that is, gata-culture and pisyi-culture (reef-culture) from the ecological viewpoint. The central theme taken up in this article is the ethnological and ichthyological explanation of a particular fishing boat, called t'iao-pai-ch'uan in Chinese, rua philok in Thai, ghe tre in Vietnamese and pinek, mandit, pondit, etc. in Indonesian. T'iao-pai-ch'uan is regarded as a representative culture trait of the gata-culture together with other traits of fishing technological system, such as mud sled, special kinds of rake, crab stake net, special kinds of lift net, etc. Since I first made public an article concerning t'iao pai-ch'uan on the occasion of the IXth Pacific Science Congress in 1957, I have been collecting data concerned in my field work and literature. Now I would like to summarize the results of my researches made so far.The "Idealtypus" of t'iao-pai-ch'uan is a long and narrow fishing boat, with a white board attached to the one side and a net stretched on the other side. While a fisherman sitting in the stern of the boat slowly rows the boat in the dark night, fish frightened by the reflexion of the white plank hung down obliquely into the water, plunge into the boat or in the net set on the opposite side of the boat and fall down to the bottom of the boat where the leaves of nippha are spread to prevent the fish from jumping out of the boat. In view of this characteristic, we may regard the boat itself as a composite "aerial trap" stemmed from the "Kulturherd" of China. It is true that mention was made of t'iao pai-ch'uan in many classical and ethnographical literature, Chinese, French, English, Duch and Indoneisan. Therefore, I endeavored to make use of these materials as much as possible in this article.One of the main problem dealt with in this article is to make clear the meaning of the description "ming chi fang" in the Chinese classic entitled "Kwan-tung Hsin-yu". The Chinese writers in the past seem to have falsely interpreted lang as a long piece of wood used for threatening fish, or plank of boat. It is considered that lang was confused with chi, the synonym for chieh meaning comb. Apparently in the poem entitled "Hsi-cheng-fu" writteen by Sunfen at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, we can find the following verse: feng ch'i ming chi, that is, the wind begins to blow and chi sounds. In this verse the word chi is used instead of lang. During my stay in Vietnam I found ghe tre or t'iao-pai-ch'uan equipped with a comb-like auxiliary gear and also a white board in a river near Cap St. Jacques. This gear is just the same as tuasiatti-ra-kung equipped with in shrimp catching boat used in Thailand and also as the auxiliary gear provided in kalaskas used in the Philippines. In view of the above facts, I would like to regard "lang" mentioned in "Kwan-tung Hsi-yu" as chi or comb-like auxiliary gear.Lastly I tried to explain various functions of t'iao-pai-ch'uan in connection with visual


Western postmodern ethics is marked by differences in theorizing;however,it also shows some developing themes common to all western postmodern ethical trends.It shows common thematic concerns on the reestablishment of capitalist values,reconstruction of the moral relationships between the self and the other,expanding the scope of human moral care,seeking ways to solve the problem of moral differences,and creating the spirit of postmodern moral culture,which represents the fact that different western postmodern ethical trends have similar or the same attitudes towards traditional western ethics,practical moral problems,theoretical innovation of ethics,etc.


The electronic structure of Tb silicide nanowires on planar and vicinal Si(001) surfaces was investigated using scanning tunneling spectroscopy, core-level photoemission spectroscopy, and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The nanowires are metallic and their formation results in a band bending corresponding almost to flatband conditions on n-type substrates. The chemical core-level shifts of the Si- 2 p spectral components of the nanowires are independent of the substrate offcut indicating the growth of identical nanowire structures. Using vicinal surfaces a single-domain growth of nanowires is possible, enabling the differentiation of the electronic band structure parallel and perpendicular to the nanowires. In this way, five quasi one-dimensional bands crossing or reaching the Fermi level are found.


Nanoscale anodization was performed on the surface of amorphous silicon thin films by means of an atomic force microscope. The anodization mechanism was different from that previously reported on metal thin films. We found that the anodization was a function of defect density and current through the sample. The optical properties of the anodized area were measured by means of micro-photoluminescence, in which photoluminescence intensity decreases with oxidation. We concluded that both defect reaction and creation processes are important during the nanoscale anodization of amorphous material.


Although stainless steel screw is widely used in various mouse electroencephalogram (EEG) researches, it is potentially dangerous to be implanted in young mice or disease models due to the high risks of bleeding, infection, or traumatic injury. In this paper, we introduce a non-invasive flexible multi-channel electrode for sensory evoked potential recording to alleviate the risk of screw implantation in mice. The electrode has been designed to stably sit on the scalp and cover the curvature of scalp without the need of screws. In addition, the electrode guarantees reusability such that it can be attached and detached conveniently for usage on the scalp of multiple mice. We have designed a sixteen-channel electrode array to analyze sensory evoked potential recording spatiotemporally. We further verify its performance by conducting an experiment related to the resting state, attaching the needle on the right hindlimb, and electrical stimulation of the right hindlimb.


Bullying and harassment are problems that students face daily in schools. The damage caused by such harassment has been well-documented by researchers and includes: poor academic performance (Sharp 1995, Kosciw 2001, California Safe Schools Coalition 2004), chronic absenteeism & school avoidance (Sharp 1995, Kosciw 2001, Coggan 2003, CSSC 2004), emotional problems such as depression and anxiety (Slee 1995, Bond 2001), loneliness (Bond 2001), low selfesteem (Coggan 2003, Bond 2001) and suicidal ideation (Slee 1995, Kosciw 2001). Students who have been targets of bullying in school have also been shown to have poorer physical health (Slee 1995), and are at greater risk for substance abuse (Kosciw 2001, CSSC 2004). In spite of these well-documented impacts, students have often been left to try to cope with a school-life filled with bullying and harassment with little support from teachers and administrators. Although some people may argue that peer harassment is a simple reality of growing up, the recent British Columbia Supreme Court decision in the case of Azmi Jubran shows that in the case of discriminatory harassment, schools have an obligation to act in a way that will curb such behaviors in order to create a learning environment free of discrimination. These questions have not been addressed in Canadian courts until quite recently and the Jubran case provides the first opportunity to consider these questions in the Canadian context (Howard, 2002, p. 32). For this reason, it is important to examine the court's decision carefully in order to help school boards better understand their obligations in incidents of student peer harassment and discrimination. This paper will present the facts of the case School District 44 v. Jubran [2005], with a view to educating school administrators and legal counsel about their responsibilities to "provide a learning environment free of discrimination" and in turn protect themselves from liability in such incidents. The Jubran case provides many interesting opportunities for school leaders to better understand their roles in addressing such matters.


PurposeThis study aims to explore the opportunities and methods for branding fresh tea leaves, currently sold as commodities in the B2B market, as an innovative method by engaging with a smallholder group. The purpose is to enhance the market competitiveness of the significant number of small tea growers in developing economies.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory study was conducted comprising a qualitative survey of a farmers' group formed by the smallholding of tea gardens and the sourcing factories in the state of Assam, India. Relevant case studies on the branding of agricultural commodities were also analyzed.FindingsSmallholding farmers, through collective efforts and with adequate extension and marketing support, can comply with the standards expected from their buyer. Perishable farm produce sold in the B2B market can be differentiated by exploiting attributes beyond the physical product. Market linkages established through innovative practices can enhance the market competitiveness of smallholdings.Research limitations/implicationsSuccessful branding of tea leaves can encourage similar practice in other agricultural crops as well. This will improve the quality of produce, increase the earnings of smallholdings and at the same time enhance customer value and satisfaction.Originality/valueThis paper is the first of its kind to investigate the opportunities for branding tea leaves produced by smallholdings and sold in the B2B market. The findings will be useful to researchers, smallholdings, policymakers, and consumers at large.


A personalized emotion recognition system aims to tune the model to recognize the expressive behaviors of a targeted person. Such a system can play an important role in various domains including call center and health care applications. Adapting any general emotion recognition system for a particular individual requires speech samples and prior knowledge about their emotional content. These assumptions constrain the use of these techniques in many real scenarios in which no annotated data is available to train or adapt the models. To address this problem, this paper introduces an unsupervised feature adaptation scheme that aims to reduce the mismatch between the acoustic features used to train the system and the acoustic features extracted from the unknown targeted speaker. The adaptation scheme uses our recently proposed iterative feature normalization (IFN) framework. An emotion detection system is trained with the IEMOCAP database. For testing, a database was created by downloading videos from a video-sharing website, containing various interviews from a targeted subject (1.5 hours). The detection system is used to identify emotional speech with and without the proposed feature adaptation scheme. The experimental results indicate that the proposed approach improves the unweighted accuracy from 50.8% to 70.0%.


Lupus anticoagulants are antibodies that inter fere with the phospholipid-dependent steps in in vitro blood clotting. The dilute viper venom (DVV)test is a phospholipid-limiting assay in which a plasma sample is preactivated with the venom from the pit viper Vipera russelli, which contains specific activators for factors X and V. A diluted sample of purified phospholipid and cal cium ions is added, and the clotting time is determined. If the DVVtest is prolonged, a DVVconfirm is then per formed. An excess of phospholipid is added to the test mixture of patient plasma and DVVtest sample. In most patients with lupus anticoagulants (LACs), addition of excess phospholipid will (partially) correct the prolonged DVVtest. We investigated a new formulation of the DV Vtest and DVV confirm that consisted of a more purified phospholipid reagent system. Twenty-six normal donors had negative results in both assays. A group of 42 patients were compared using the old and new formulations of the DVVtest and DVVconfirm. Thirty-six patients had agree ment of results between the old and new formulations. Of the six remaining samples, five that had been negative with the old formulation were positive with the new for mulation. Of these five, three of three had a positive an ticardiolipin antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The last patient was positive with the old formu lation and negative with the new, but this patient had a negative anticardiolipin antibody. Therefore, these re sults suggest that the new formulation of the DVVtest and DVV confirm is more sensitive to the presence of LACs.


Objective To explore the operation for retaining the blood supply to the residual stomach during the radical surgery of the lower part of gastric carcinoma combined with splenectomy in the patients with lower part of gastric carcinoma with cirrhosis and hypersplenism.Methods Left gastric artery and vein were selectively retained to supply the residual stomach.Simultaneously,the radical resection of lower part of gastric carcinoma and splenectomy were performed.Results In our 17 cases,all recovered well after the operation,with no anastomotic fistula,stenosis or obstruction.Conclusion The operation of retaining left gastric arteriovenous branches to supply residual stomach in combination with radical resection and splenectomy can promote the liver metabolism,prevent the development of liver cirrhosis and improve the quality of life.


Many methods have been described over the past 5 years for repair of articular cartilage defects. The best reported results have been from the use of autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT)(1) and mosaicplasty.(2) There have, however, been no prospective clinical trials of these two methods. In this trial 70 patients were prospectively randomized to receive either autologous chondrocyte transplantation (37) or mosaicplasty (33) in the knee. 37 patients were female and 33 male. The average age was 32 years (16 – 44). The indications for surgery were persistent pain and mechanical symptoms in the knee with an isolated defect of the articular cartilage. 38 (56%) were post-traumatic, 12 (16%) due to osteochondritis dissecans, 10 (14%) due to previous meniscectomy, and 10 (14%) due to chondromalacia patellae. The size of the defects ranged from 2cm2 to 12cm2 (mean 4.8cm2). There were 35 defects on the medial femoral condyle, 13 on the lateral femoral condyle, 17 on the patella and 5 on the trochlear. 31 patients were undergoing primary surgery and 39 secondary surgery. All were independently reviewed using the Visual Analogue Pain Score, the Cincinatti Pain Score and the Stanmore Score. Patients were arthroscoped at one year with MRI scan and biopsies where possible. Results: The visual analogue pain score improved overall from a mean of 5.4 (range 3.4 – 7.4) pre-operatively to 3.9 (1.8 – 5.1) at one year review. Similarly the Cincinatti pain score improved from 6.5 pre-operatively to 10.2 post-operatively and the Cincinatti function score improved from 46 to 62 at one year before sport commenced. Overall 71% (49) patients were excellent or good on the clinical scoring scales, 15% (11) were fair, and 14% (10) were poor. The 10 poor results were no different from the main group with regard to age, sex, pain level or site or size of lesion. However, 5 were secondary procedures, 2 had multiple lesions, and 3 had had previous ruptured anterior cruciate ligaments. Arthroscopy and biopsy of 21 lesions so far after one year has shown mature articular cartilage in 2, and immature cartilage in 19. In all cases there was bonding of the repair tissue to the underlying bone. This study is already clarifying the role of ACT and mosaicplasty in the management of cartilage defects in the knee and also the necessity for the use of periosteal covering membrane.


The invention provides a geophysical prospecting technical method for recognizing the lithology of petrosilex by using the combined characteristics of gravity-magnetic-electronic anomaly, which compriThe invention provides a geophysical prospecting technical method for recognizing the lithology of petrosilex by using the combined characteristics of gravity-magnetic-electronic anomaly, which compriulation to quantitative statistics, the invention reduces human subjective factors from experience, avoids the situation that different geological interpreters obtain different results and improveseculation to quantitative statistics, the invention reduces human subjective factors from experience, avoids the situation that different geological interpreters obtain different results and improvesthe recognition effect of petrosilex.the recognition effect of petrosilex.ses the following steps of collecting and recording the physical characteristics of drill core; carrying out cluster analysis on the density, magnetic susceptibility and resistivity of rock by using kses the following steps of collecting and recording the physical characteristics of drill core; carrying out cluster analysis on the density, magnetic susceptibility and resistivity of rock by using k-means clustering and obtaining the clustering code of the drill core; carrying out gravity and magnetic anomaly stripping to the gravity and magnetic prospecting result for obtaining the anomaly and-means clustering and obtaining the clustering code of the drill core; carrying out gravity and magnetic anomaly stripping to the gravity and magnetic prospecting result for obtaining the anomaly andadopting the same clustering to conduct three-dimensional anomaly coding; and combining the clustering code of the physical characteristics of rock with gravity-magnetic-electronic anomaly code for readopting the same clustering to conduct three-dimensional anomaly coding; and combining the clustering code of the physical characteristics of rock with gravity-magnetic-electronic anomaly code for reflecting the lithology of each petrosilex in an exploratory area. By developing the method for recognizing the lithology of petrosilex by using integral gravity-magnetic-electronic from qualitative spflecting the lithology of each petrosilex in an exploratory area. By developing the method for recognizing the lithology of petrosilex by using integral gravity-magnetic-electronic from qualitative spec


The modular design of steam turbines requires the welding of individual rotor discs to the finished single rotor. Conventional welding technology is very complex. Lack of fusion defects will occur after completion of welding and quality assurance is carried out by X-ray and ultra-sonic detection currently. Turbine rotors principally work at high temperature and therefore Ni superalloys are used to get those rotors manufactured. Fraunhofer institute IWS is currently developing a new welding technology based on laser-multi-pass-narrow-gap-welding (Laser-MPNG) including the implementation of a respective in-line quality assurance approach. For this approach, the nondestructive testing (NDT) i.a. Laser Speckle Photometry (LSP) was adapted to be applied in the narrow gaps of up to 200 mm in depth. LSP is an optical contactless, quick and quality-relevant NDT method, which will be used for characterization of material properties and defect detection, allowing process monitoring in many industrial fields. The LSP method is currently used at laboratory scale. For the transfer of LSP to an industrial level the LSP-setup and the evaluation algorithms need to be adjusted for in-line measurement during Laser-MPNG welding process. Additionally the results obtained by the LSP measurement was verified in the sense of a benchmark by simultaneously taking measurements with acoustic emission (AE) and ultrasonic technique (UT) and comparing the results with micrographs and visual inspection. This work presents the suitability of the LSP technique to monitor the Laser-MPNG welding and to detect defects less than 0.5 mm during the welding process.


Even before the Helsinki Corpus was published, Spain had a good amount of Historical English researchers, such as the group directed by Teresa Fanego in Santiago de Compostela. In the last couple of decades, the number of scholars working in the field of Historical Corpus Linguistics has increased, and, nowadays, there are some interesting projects in Spain that will result in the publication of valuable material for scholars throughout the world. The aim of this volume is twofold. On the one hand, the first section is devoted to describing and analyzing the aforementioned projects taking place at different Spanish Universities, such as the CoER (Corpus of Early English Recipes, University Las Palmas), the Coruna Corpus (a corpus of scientific documents, University of Coruna), the Salamanca Corpus (University of Salamanca) and the SCONE Corpus (University of Seville), among others. The output of these projects will shed light on the dialectology of early periods of the English language. This material will provide a great amount of new information for scholars who work in this field. The second part includes the findings of some of the Spanish scholars who deal with Historical English Corpora, including those in the first part of the volume, or more traditional corpora, such as the Helsinki Corpus, the Corpus of Early Correspondence or the Corpus of Late Modern English Texts, among others. With these two parts, the volume will offer a complete view of the studies on Historical English Corpora in Spain.


The device properties of InGaP/InGaAs double delta-doped channel heterostructure field-effect transistors (DDDCHFETs) are comprehensively analyzed and demonstrated. Based on the variations of delta-doped densities of InGaAs double channels and GaAs spacer thickness, the dc and rf characteristics are compared and studied. Due to the employed InGaAs DDDC structure and Schottky behaviors of InGaP "insulator," good pinch-off and saturation characteristics, higher and linear transconductance, and good rf performances are obtained. Experimentally, for comparison, a practical DDDCHFET with good device properties is fabricated successfully. It is known that the experimental results are very consistent with theoretical simulation data.


Near the end of The Third Sector: Community Organizations, NGOs, and Nonprofits, Meghan Kallman and Terry Clark recall the story of Guo Meimei, a Chinese internet celebrity who in 2011 found herself amid a scandal involving the Chinese Red Cross (with which she was associated) and her penchant for Maseratis and luxury handbags. The scandal unraveled to reveal further expenditures of a questionable nature by the Chinese charity, which is—like most other civil society organizations in China—a government-organized nongovernmental organization (or GONGO). This example is worth mentioning not for its salaciousness but for what it can reveal about state-society relations. As Kallman and Clark note, the Guo scandal illustrates the challenge of ''integrating a strong state with a robust civil society'' (p. 183); that is, how can a strong state like China remain flexible enough to allow an increasingly independent nonprofit sector to flourish? Even the most mundane aspects of civic life have long been considered the building blocks of democracy. American associations charmed Alexis de Tocqueville in the 1830s. Jürgen Habermas described the importance of coffee houses to the public sphere in 1700s England. More recently, Robert Putnam has warned of the risks posed by declining social capital (as revealed in dwindling bowling leagues). Kallman and Clark build on this tradition with a comparative analysis of third sectors in the United States, France, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and China. The authors also identify five institutional logics—clientelism, paternalism, bureaucracy, activism, and professionalism—that operate within country contexts to reveal third sectors that are ''fragmented, pluralistic, and semi-professionalized'' (p. 11). Readers acquainted with Clark's previous work on the New Political Culture or the Johns Hopkins Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project will find much in this book to like. Many factors that gave rise to the New Political Culture's mélange of social liberalism and fiscal conservatism, such as rising education and rapid technological change, also produced an explosion of nonprofit activity and nongovernmental organizations around the globe. By drawing from the institutional logics perspective, Kallman and Clark call attention to how structural conditions interact with cognitive belief systems to shape the contours of the nonprofit sector in each country, particularly regarding its relationship to the state. The immense and mostly independent nonprofit sector in the United States is characterized by a high degree of professionalization and rationalization, which risks depoliticizing some of its more activist origins. In France, the nonprofit sector remains largely a part of the market-based social economy, which produces a more bureaucratic (though increasingly professionalized and activist) third sector by contrast. The Third Sector was originally written at the request of the Chinese government (and was originally published in Mandarin in 2011). So perhaps it is not surprising that the most compelling chapters are the case studies of East Asian civil societies originally written for that audience. The chapter on Japan reveals the downsides of a heavily bureaucratized third sector. (Japan passed a nonprofit law in 1998 intended to make registering nonprofits more transparent; the new rules were so unwieldy that one prefecture received only eight applications in the first year.) South Korea exemplifies an activist sector that emerged through contentious political periods but is now becoming more professionalized. There is more clientelism in the less mature Taiwanese third sector, due to its relationship to the Kuomintang. And in China, the logic of bureaucracy is rapidly giving way to more activism and professionalism. The balance of the book is at times uneven. Some newly emergent organizational forms, like social enterprises, are discussed in the introduction but receive scant attention in 194 Reviews


The main aim of this paper is to analyze the gender stereotypes (in their female / male binary structure) present in childhood, based on a research carried out in the Construyendo Mi Planeta Children's Garden (Bogota, Colombia) with nine children between 4 and 5 years. The research was developed under the modality of case study, with a qualitative approach and advancing an analysis of deductive-inductive type. The information was collected from two ways: first, an intervention composed of four reading aloud activities in which four previously selected children's literature stories were worked on - two with a hegemonic content and two with a non-hegemonic content; secondly, a semi-structured interview was applied to all the children, which was designed from the previous reading exercises aloud.
By these two ways it was possible to differentiate three types of imaginaries or representations that account for the way children recognize people by reason of their gender status and that, therefore, constitute three important dimensions in the construction of gender stereotypes at an early age: appearance, personality traits and social functions. The research also allowed to corroborate a prior intuition to this research, according to which, although the construction of these stereotypes does not depend exclusively on children's literature, it plays an undoubtedly important role by reinforcing and creating fanciful imaginaries about the appearance, experiences related to personality and the social function of people according to the dominant ways of being in masculinity or femininity.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that discourage construction workers from undergoing skill development training, and to suggest steps for making the training programmes more attractive to them.

Design/methodology/approach
The research used an exploratory approach of unstructured interviews with construction workers (bottom-up approach), and the guided group brainstorming technique with the help of experienced industry professionals (top-down approach).

Findings
From the unstructured interviews, five inhibiting factors were identified which discourage construction workers from undergoing training. Furthermore, to recognise the causes of the inhibiting factors, 13 possible causal attributes (PCAs) were identified from the brainstorming approach. Subsequently, these PCAs were classified into five possible causal factors (PCFs) on the basis of those concerned stakeholder(s) that are most closely involved and most responsible for fixing them.

Research limitations/implications
The research provides recommendations to practitioners for pragmatic and permanent resolution of each of the PCFs, which serves as a framework for the construction industry to reduce the scarcity of trained workers in the industry. Also, the results may serve as a model for the planning and successful implementation of any new skill-training programme for the construction workers in any developing economy, such as India.

Originality/value
This research contributes to the literature by highlighting the views of construction workers on the training establishments, which very few studies have considered in the past. Also, the research provides a detailed process of brainstorming approach, which will help the research community to appreciate its use in studies related to the construction industry.


This paper analyze the relation between the variation of underwater noise energy received by passive sonar systems and the motion information of targets.A method is given to extract the motion of targets from the variation of underwater noise energy.


Among the many 'hormones' which have been attributed to the anterior hypophysis is one endowed with specific adrenotropic properties. Collip, Anderson and Thomson have reported that the adrenal cortical atrophy which results from hypophysectomy in rats can be obviated completely by daily injections of an anterior pituitary extract which is without similar protective qualities against the expected thyroid atrophy (1). In 1929, Putnam, Benedict and Teel (2) found cortical adenomas of the adrenals in dogs which were injected over a relatively long interval with an alkaline extract of the anterior hypophysis. In June, 1933 (3), and later in January, 1934 (4), the present writer reported that a definite enlargement of the adrenal gland, due to hypertrophy of its cortex, occurred in guinea pigs during the period of hyperthyroidism evoked by daily injections of a partially purified alkaline extract of the anterior hypophysis. Shortly after the first (3) of these reports, Houssay and his collaborators (5) showed ...


The Instrumentation and Controls (I&C) Division serves a national laboratory, and as such has an expansive domain: science, industry, and national defense. The core mission is to support the scientific apparatus of the Laboratory and all of the systems that protect the safety and health of people and the environment. Progress is reported for the five sections: photonics and measurements systems, electronic systems, signal processing, controls and systems integration, and technical support.


This article analyses the contributions of the sociologies or theories of the South to the contemporary debates on the production of theory in the social sciences. Starting with the assumption that these projects adopt a critical view of how sociology has privileged certain objects over others in a colonial way, it proposes an analysis that makes use of certain aspects of the actor-network theory. This approach, it is suggested, will help the sociologies of the South to focus on the production of ontoforms as their specific object, ontoforms which expand and at times challenge the established hegemonic notions of the social and of agency in this area of knowledge.


This study has examined empirically the need of foreign borrowing. and foreign debt burfien of Turkey from 1963 to 1995. The two-gap analysis was used to assess the requirements of foreign resources as additional to domestic resources in order to achieve e a reasonable target ground rate of national income. This study has shown that in the light of two-gap analvsis, foreign aid will still continue to plan a crucial role during the Seventh Five Year Plan period (1996-2000) bv helping to overcome foreign exchange constraints, although it has put Turkev under a large foreign indebtedness. However, as long as the economy keeps its ability to repav foreign debt, it is beneficial for the economic development of Turkey.


A few questions of the amended improved-source-analysis technology were discussed,including calculation process,source emission profiles,solution parameters and choice of the independent source.


....................................................................................................................... ii DEDICATION .................................................................................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... vi VITA ................................................................................................................................ viii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ xv LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... xvi CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE ..............................................


ABSTRACT Therapeutic presence (TP) is the ability to be fully human and fully engaged with another person emotionally, cognitively, physically, and spiritually, and underpins all efficacious interventions. Ron Kurtz's Hakomi method is a mindfulness based, psychodynamic psychotherapy that integrates the body into the therapeutic process, emphasising the personhood of the therapist as a therapeutic tool. The present research used a qualitative framework to explore Hakomi therapists' understanding of TP. Four graduates of the full professional Hakomi training were interviewed about their lived experiences of TP. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) applied to resultant verbatim transcripts showed that two elements comprised TP: felt state of being and dual awareness. Central to creating TP is a particular personhood of the therapist, in which Hakomi practitioners are explicitly and specifically trained. This unique Hakomi-based understanding of TP can support therapeutic change and could be incorporated into training of mental health practitioners, regardless of therapeutic modality.


The book's purpose is to provide guidelines and assistance to nonindustrial private woodland owners in applying estate planning techniques to their forest properties. It presents a working knowledge of the Federal estate and gift tax law as it relates to timberland ownership. The unique character of timber assets is addressed in terms of tree farm estate planning goals. The book has four major parts plus a glossary, selected tax forms, and a list of additional readings. The foundation for estate planning is developed in part I. The general estate planning tools are explained in part II and integrated with forestry examples. Part III is concerned with forestry-specific estate planning tools.


We describe the picture of physical processes suggested by Edward Nelson's stochastic mechanics when generalized to quantum field theory, after an introductory review of his theory applied to the hydrogen atom. By performing numerical simulations of the relevant stochastic processes, we observe that Nelson's theory provides an intuitive account of how particles can arise from an underlying field ``beable'' -- to use a phrase of John S. Bell -- in the case of free field theory, regularized on a lattice. We then argue that this picture looks qualitatively similar when generalized to interacting scalar field theory. Lastly, we compare the Nelsonian framework to various other proposed ontologies for QFT, and remark upon their relative merits in light of the effective field theory paradigm.


FIELD: continuous method for extraction of cocoa polyphenols useful in cocoa polyphenol solubilization. SUBSTANCE: method for extraction of cocoa polyphenols containing catechine, epicatechine and procyanidine cocoa oligomers from partially or fully defatted cocoa dry maters using of non-acidified aqueous solvent includes contacting a number of cells containing cocoa dry matter with counter flowing aqueous solvent; isolation of cocoa extract and recirculation of cocoa extract. Procyanidine yield depends on used cocoa beans, solvent, solvent pH, and extraction temperature. Extraction parameters may be optimized to increase procyanidine yield and extract selectively high molecular or low molecular oligomers. Method for selective extraction includes countercurrent extraction wherein cocoa extract is recirculated. Cocoa extract produced by this method also is disclosed. Extraction is carried out at higher temperature than under extraction using acidified solvent. EFFECT: improved method for producing of cocoa extract. 12 cl, 14 tbl, 9 ex


Urban rainfall-runoff pollution for Adana city was investigated experimentally. Various parameters such as electrical conductivity (EC), suspended solids (SS), volatile suspended solids (VSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), 5-day biological oxygen demand (BOD5), were analysed for the characterization of rainfall runoff waters in Northwest Adana Upper City Development Region. In this study, these parameters were modelled using multiple linear regression (MLR) technique. Time (T), EC, COD, and SCOD were the input parameters, while SS, VSS, and BOD5 were the output parameters. The results proved that these output parameters can be accurately predicted using the MLR technique with R2 values higher than 80%.

 Key words: Urban runoff, water pollution, multiple linear regressions, modelling.


ABSTRACT The paper uses data from the American Community Survey to explore the impact of pre-departure characteristics and class of entry on the integration of Nigerian- and Somali-born immigrants into US society. It argues for scholars to reconsider the treatment of African immigrants as a collective group as this obscures differences between immigrants from different African countries and the ways they adjust to life in the US. Understanding the ways in which disadvantaged immigrant groups navigate their day-to-day lives and the social structures which they draw upon for support is flagged as a possible area of future research inquiry.


T he ability of the common aquatic contaminant 1-nitropyrene to form DNA adducts in e sh was investigated in vitro and in vivo using Brown trout ( Salmo trutta ) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus ) in comparison to the Wistar rat. In vitro studies used Brown trout (control and induced (50 mg kg ‐1 b -naphthoe avone ( b N F), i.p. 3 day pre-treatment single injection)) and induced rat (PB; 0· 1 % w/v for 7 days in drinking water, b N F; 80 mg kg ‐1 , single injection 2 days prior to sacrie ce). Hepatic 9000 g supernatant (S9 fractions) were incubated for 2 hours (at 25 ° C for e sh and 37 ° C for rat) with calf thymus DNA (1mg) and 1-NP (100 m M ). With all S9 fractions the presence of three distinct 1-NP-related DNA adducts was detected using the butanol enrichment procedure of the 32 P postlabelling assay. A greater level of DNA adducts was observed with the uninduced compared to the induced trout S9 (37, 12 and 8 fold greater for adducts in chromatograph areas 1‐ 3 respectively) suggesting the enhancement of detoxie cation pathways with respect to bulky adducts following b NF pre-treatment. DNA adduct levels in the induced rat consistently demonstrated approximately two-fold higher levels as compared to the induced e sh, ree ecting the lower protein levels in the S9 fraction of Brown trout (42 and 22 m g m l‐1 for rat and e sh respectively). Turbot, rat and Brown trout (uninduced and induced (b N F; 50 mg kg ‐1


In this article, we compared the loss of rebar between two methods
 where one is on- site manufacturing method and the other is
 factory manufacturing method. This shows that site manufacturing
 method requires more loss of rebar than factory manufacturing
method, and is inappropriate to downtown-located construction site.
 On the other hand, factory manufacturing method saves the loss of
 Rebar. It turned out that in field manufacturing method, the loss
 rate among those less than D13 is 4.43%, where as those more
than D16 is 27.4%. In factory manufacturing method, the loss rate
among those less than D13 is 3.96%, wherw as those more than D16
is 5.13%.


The influence of scattering and diffraction on the performance of sound intensity probes has been examined using a boundary element model of an axisymmetric two-microphone probe with the microphones in the usual face-to-face arrangement. On the basis of calculations for a variety of sound field conditions and probe geometries it is concluded that the optimum length of the spacer between the microphones is about one microphone diameter; with this geometry the effect of diffraction and the finite difference error almost counterbalance each other up to about an octave above the frequency limit determined by the finite difference approximation. This seems to be valid under virtually any sound field condition that could be of practical importance in sound power determination. The upper frequency limit corresponds to about 10 kHz for an intensity probe with 12-in. microphones, which means that it should be possible to cover most of the audible frequency range, say, from 50 Hz to 10 kHz, with a single probe conf...


Flow data have been utilized for analyzing and understating a regional spatial interaction and the dynamics of spatial organization by spatial interaction. As a classical cartographic visualization method, flow map has been broadly used for representing flow data. A flow map, however, has technical limitations such as lower readability and occlusion by representing complicated many flows. In this regard, this research focuses on an information visualization tool which has been paid attention as a new approach for representing not only non spatial data but also spatial data. We attempt to explore the applicability of a information visualization tool for geovisualization of flow data and evaluates the usability of various information visualization graphs. To do this, we utilize several graphs of Java script library of D3.js, including forced-directed graph, chord diagram, hierarchical edge bundling, Sankey diagram, and time-distance graph and present various geovisualization ways of rapid-trasit railway flows. From a result of case study, it turns out that each of information visualization techniques is able to overcome limitations of a traditional flow mapping technique in an effective way, and is quite useful as an alternative way of visualizing flow data. Also, it is expected that this paper provides a useful guideline for geovisualization of flow data, and leads a cognitive change of spatial information mapping and visualization in geography, cartography, and other areas dealing with spatial information.


Objective The aim of this study was to explore the significance of serum CCL28 in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) diagnosis and evaluation. Method The expression of CCL28 mRNA in salivary glands of SS patients from the GEO database was analysed. Serum levels of CCL28 of SS patients, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, and healthy controls (HCs) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels and the focus score of labial salivary gland (LSG) in patients with SS were also measured, and the correlation between serum IgA levels and serum CCL28 was explored. In addition, the level of serum CCL28 was compared between two subsets of SS patients who were classified by clinical symptoms and laboratory tests. Results SS patients displayed decreased expression of CCL28 mRNA in salivary glands, accompanying more severe pathological injury. Serum levels of CCL28 in both primary and secondary SS patients were significantly lower than those in the HC group, whereas no significant differences were observed between RA patients or SLE patients and HCs. Compared with RA and SLE patients alone, serum levels of CCL28 were dramatically lower in patients with SS secondary to RA or SLE. No remarkable correlation between serum IgA and CCL28 levels was observed, while the focus score of LSG negatively correlated with serum CCL28 levels. Serum levels of CCL28 were lower in SS patients who had dental caries and thrombocytopenia. Conclusion Serum CCL28 is a useful biomarker in the diagnosis and evaluation of SS.


Constructing binary industrialization structure must base on industrialization, have the core of realization of labor force transferring, aim at industrialization and urbanization development.Through the process of industrialization, at last the three levels of high, middle, primary city model must be built up, to reach solving binary economic problem, and realize the object of transferring binary economy to monadic modern economy with the same quality.


SLOS is caused by an inborn error of cholesterol biosynthesis. Affected patients have growth and developmental retardation, congenital anomalies, and a characteristic facial appearance. Prior to discovery of the biochemical defect, diagnosis was based on clinical examination alone. Confirmation of the clinical diagnosis can now be accomplished by demonstration of the characteristic abnormal sterol pattern in plasma or other tissues.


With the increase in the number of mobile IP, the present Mobile IP technology cannot share effeictively the connections of the mobile host and therefore, cannot guarantee the best quality of service because of the randomness in mobile host's finding of foreign agent and in the registration of foreign agent. This paper designs a new protocol that complete the process of mobile host's agent discovery and registration of foreign agents to raise Mobile IP's QoS effectively.


First it might be well to point out a few of the physical features of the Basin. The Humboldt River Basin (see Fig. 1, Snow-Survey Courses of the Nevada Cooperative Snow-Surveys) is a long narrow basin ranging in elevation from less than 4,000 feet to above 11,000 feet and covering in excess of 14,000 square miles. The River is a meandering stream flowing some 900 to 1,000 miles in its 300-mile journey from its source to the Humboldt Sink, its outlet, where its yield is practically zero. At Palisade, the gaging-point, for which the main forecast is made, the normal flow during March to July is considered to be 250,000 acre-feet. The drainage-area above Palisade is over 5,000 square miles and above that point there are some 150,000 acres of irrigated land. Therefore the flow of the River is greatly affected by irrigation-diversions depending upon the character of runoff. The main sources of water are the Charleston-Jarbidge-Jack Creek Mountains in the northern part of the Watershed and the Ruby Mountains in the southern part. The snow-cover in the two areas is not always similar and a lack in the runoff from the north, which normally yields its major flow during April, unduly affects the early runoff in the main Humboldt, for the major flow from the south occurs in late May and early June.


The problem of effective sterilization in association with varioua obstetrical procedures. J. Whitridge Willianis, in a very long article based upon the study oE 15 cases, advoc*ates hysterectomy, r:ithcr than resection of the lubes, to cffwt sterilizaliou. If, however, the patient exprcsses a wish to coiitiiiue the inenstrual function he will peiIorm the simpler operation. Submucous adenomyoma. Otto Scliwarz reports in detail a tumour of this ualiirc~ with x full pathological description and photo-micrographs The practical application of local anaesthesia to siirgery of the lower abdomen. Rohcrl Emmett Farr is an enthusiast for local anzsthesia and describes in IIALL.


"I was raised to be charming, not sincere."--Cinderella's Prince, Into the Woods, Sondheim and Lapine In the September, 2010 issue of this journal, I described Alice Munro's often-anthologized short story "How I Met My Husband" as exemplifying what Coral Howells calls Munro's tendency toward "ironic revision of popular romance plots" (Alice Munro [Manchester, England: Manchester UP, 1998]: 60). Now I'd like to get more specific, examining the same story as an ironic revision of the Cinderella story. Critics have identified three other Munro stories as ironic workings of "Cinderella" (Charlotte Goodman, "Cinderella in the Classroom: [Mis]Reading Alice Munro's 'Red Dress-1946," Reader 30 [Fall 1993]: 49-61; Howells, 57; Beverly J. Rasporich, Dance of the Sexes: Art and Gender in the Fiction of Alice Munro. [Edmonton: U of Alberta P, 1990). But "How I Met My Husband" involves more ironic twists than usual: the apparent Prince Charming turns out to be an entirely different mythic character, one far less congenial to romantic happy endings, and rather than being saved by him, the Cinderella figure must save herself from him. The story is told retrospectively by a married woman, Edie, who is recalling a time shortly after World War II when, as a fifteen-year-old, she worked for a couple named Mr. and Mrs. Peebles as a "hired girl" (Alice Munro, "How I Met My Husband," Something I've Been Meaning to Tell You [Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson, 1974]: 50). Right away, Edie's situation parallels Cinderella's. Separated from her own mother and forced to work for the mother of two other children, Edie performs household drudgery while Mrs. Peebles has her hair done, goes on picnics, and takes daily naps. Despite her efforts, Edie suffers condescending treatment from the spoiled surrogate mother she works for: after Mrs. Peebles's first words in the story, Edie as narrator explains, "She didn't say that to hurt my feelings. It never occurred to her" (45). The Cinderella parallel becomes obvious when Edie meets the apparent Prince Charming figure, Chris Watters, a barnstorming pilot who has landed across the road from the Peebles's house, planning to give airplane rides for a dollar. With her employers temporarily gone, Edie rummages through Mrs. Peebles's closet, puts on a beautiful satin dress, and applies her employer's rouge, lipstick, and eyebrow pencil. Almost immediately, she encounters a stranger--Chris--standing at the screen door (49-50). Thus, the poor maid first encounters the leading man while masquerading as one of the elite, wearing fancy clothing that is not her own. The Cinderella parallel becomes even clearer when Chris asks, "Were you going to a dance?" (50) After this example of "meeting cute," we naturally expect romance, even marriage--and plot details encourage those expectations. Chris calls Edie "beautiful" (51) and teases her about getting married someday (54); alone in bed, Edie fantasizes about Chris (58). Most of all, there's simple process of elimination: the story is called "How I Met My Husband," and until the last four of its 198 paragraphs Chris is the only unmarried man to be found. But Edie isn't the only unmarried woman: about halfway through the story Alice Kelling arrives, declaring herself Chris's fiancee (55). Given the story's trappings of escapist romance, at first Alice seems just a complication, an obstacle the lovers must overcome. …


Adult spinal deformity (ASD) is characterized by three-dimensional abnormalities of the thoracic or thoracolumbar spine that exerts significant impacts on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). With the important effects that deformity of the sagittal plane exerts on the HRQoL, there have been paradigm shifts in ASD evaluation and management. Loss of lumbar lordosis is recognized as a key driver of ASD followed by reducing kyphosis, pelvic retroversion, and knee flexion. The Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)– Schwab classification reflects the sagittal spinopelvic parameters that correlate pain and disability in ASD patients. Although the SRS–Schwab classification provides a realignment target framework for surgeons, a structured patient-specific systemic approach is crucial for the process of decision-making. ASD management should be focused on restoring age-specific harmonious alignment and should consider the comorbidities and risk factors of each patient to prevent catastrophic complications and enhance the HRQoL.


Droplet velocities, concentrations, and geometric collision rates are calculated for droplets falling into Burgers vortices as a step toward understanding the role of turbulence-induced collisions of cloud water droplets. The Burgers vortex is an often used model of vortices in high Reynolds number turbulence. Droplet radii considered are 10, 20, and 40μm; those radii are relevant to warm rain initiation. A method of calculating the concentrations of droplets along their trajectories by means of differential geometry is derived and implemented. A generalization of the rate of geometrical collisions of inertial particles is derived; the formulation applies for any local vorticity and rate of strain, and the classic collision-rate formula is obtained in the process. The relative velocities of droplets of different radii and their spatial variation of concentration affects spatial variation of collision rate; greater variation exists for a stronger vortex. The physical effects included in the droplet equatio...


The present invention is to improve the strength of the multilayer ceramic substrate obtained by the following methods, the methods described below: In order to carry out non-shrink firing, the constraining layer to sinter the base layer and does not occur at the sintering temperature of the substrate layer alternately laminated, in the firing step, the substrate layer while sintering, while the material of the base layer to flow constraining layer such that the constraining layer densified. Constraining layer and the base layer contains celsian (BaAl2Si2O8), but celsian substrate layer present is less than the constraining layer. In order to increase the strength of the substrate layer, by the addition of a Ti component barrier layer without increasing the content of Al component of the sintered substrate, fresnoite (Ba2TiSi2O8) layer deposited on a substrate manipulation. If fresnoite presence of the substrate layer, the base layer will increase the grain boundary, and therefore, the spread of cracks can be suppressed, as a result, can improve the strength of the multilayer ceramic substrate.


The treatment of onychomycosis is a difficult and long-standing course because of the relatively low success and high recurrence rates and the necessity of laboratory monitoring for the traditional oral antifungal agents. The introduction of newer systemic antifungal drugs such as triazoles (itraconazole and fluconazole) and allylamines (terbinafine) offer an increased cure rate, a broader spectrum of activity, shortening of the treatment period, and increased safety, compared with the traditional systemic antifungal drugs (griseofulvin and ketoconazole). Preliminary results suggest that terbinafine is promising in the treatment of onychomycosis, although its spectrum of activity is not as broad as that of itraconazole. Terbinafine persists in the nails at effective concentrations for a long time even after discontinuation of treatment. An open randomized study was planned to compare the efficacy of intermittent and continuous terbinafine regimens. The clinical and microscopic cure rates were higher in the continuous group than in the intermittent group, but the differences between two groups were not statistically significant. It is suggested that continuous terbinafine regimen should be preferred in the treatment of dermatophytic onychomycosis. [Journal of Turgut Ozal Medical Center 1997;4(2):135-138]


Proposes a parallel machine architecture which incorporates an ultra-multiprocessing facility for parallel execution of functional programs. The machine performs parallel executions along a multi-thread control flow called datarol. A datarol program, instead of using a program counter, the instructions to be executed next are explicitly specified in the preceding instructions. The explicitly specified continuation linkage enables the concurrent execution of the instructions of different function instances, as well as the parallel execution of multi-thread control flow within a function instance. Based on a continuation-based execution model, the datarol processor is designed to implement an efficient parallel execution mechanism needed for ultra-multi-processing. First, the datarol concept is discussed in comparison with a dataflow model. Next, the datarol machine architecture and datarol processor design are described. Finally, the evaluation of the datarol architecture is shown.<<ETX>>


Objective To investigate portal hemodynamic features in patients with hepatocellu- lar carcinoma(HCC)and its relation to hepatic functional reserve.Methods By using color Doppler velocity profile,portal hemodynamic indexes were assessed in 29 to-be-operated-on patients with HCC.Meanwhile,they were assayed in control subjects of patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hy- pertension and normal volunteers.The differences in portal hemodynamic indexes between HCC pa- tients who can tolerate the operation and those who can not tolerate it were analyzed.Results In por- tal trunk(PT),maximal cross-sectional mean velocity(CSVmax)was significantly lower in HCC group than in the normal control but significantly higher in the cirrhotic group(P0.01).Flow vol- ume was markedly lower in HCC group than in the cirrhotic group(P0.01).However,there was no significant difference in this parameter between the HCC group and the normal control(P0.05). Congestion index(CI)was markedly higher in HCC group than in the control but significantly lower than in the cirrhotic group(P0.01).In the splenic vein(SV),there was no significant difference in CSVmax among the three groups.Flow volume was remarkably lower in HCC group than in the cir- rhotic group(P0.01)hut markedly higher than in the control(P0.05).CI in HCC group was not markedly different from that in the control but remarkably lower than that in the cirrhotic group (P0.01).As compared with patients who can tolerate the operation(n=23),those who can not tolerate the operation(n=6)had a significantly lower CSVmax and flow volume of PT(P0.01), and a significantly higher CI of PT.Diagnostic trial showed that PT CSVmax13,50 cm/s and flow volume12.13 ml/min/kg may predict tolerance of operation,with an accuracy of 82.7% and 89. 7%,respectively.Conclusions Even portal system in patients with HCC is in hyperdynamic state. Elevated vascular resistance is predominated and thus leads to decreased blood inflow and impaired he- patic functional reserve.PT CSVmax and flow volume may become useful predicative parameters for hepatic functional reserve.


We derive a holomorphic spinor representation formula for s pacelike surfaces of constant mean curvature 1 in de Sitter 3-space, and use it to c onstruct examples of spacelike catenoids and trinoids with constant mean curvat re 1.


Purpose: To report a case of isolated cilioretinal artery occlusion associated with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Methods: A 66-year-old female presented with acute vision loss of the right eye. Three months prior, she had been diagnosed as having pseudoexfoliation glaucoma of both eyes, and the intraocular pressure of both eyes had been well-controlled with topical medication. Results: The presenting visual acuity in her right eye was 20/100. Fundus examinations showed sectoral retinal whitening on superior macula. Fluorescein angiography revealed delayed filling of the cilioretinal artery, consistent with cilioretinal artery occlusion. No significant findings were identified by carotid doppler examination or echocardiography. After 8 weeks, retinal changes were completely resolved with improvement of her right vision to 20/25. Conclusions: Isolated cilioretinal artery occlusion may develop as an intraocular manifestation of pseudoexfoliation syndrome.


Gas turbine efficiency is an indicator to determine the performance of a generator. The greater the efficiency value of the gas turbine in a generator, the better the performance of the generator. One of the things that affect the value of the efficiency of a gas turbine is the air fuel ratio. Air Fuel Ratio (AFR) is the ratio of the amount of air and fuel in the combustion process in units of mass or volume. Air fuel ratio is a factor that affects the perfection of the combustion process in the combustion chamber. In the graphic image it can be seen that the lowest AFR values are on July 3 and 4 2022, when the gas turbine produces a loading of 20900 kW and 20100 kW with an AFR value of 39.76 unitless each. Whereas the highest AFR value is on June 28 2022 when the gas turbine produces a loading of 20780 kW with an AFR value of 40.68 unitless. The highest gas turbine efficiency value is on June 30, 2022, at a loading of 20,650 kW with a gas turbine efficiency of 83.3%. The lowest efficiency value is on July 2, 2022, at a load of 20,800 kW with a gas turbine efficiency of 81.05%. From the results of existing data processing and graphs, it can be seen that the value of the air fuel ratio and the efficiency of the gas turbine are inversely proportional, which means that when the value of the air fuel ratio decreases, the value of the efficiency of the gas turbine tends to increase. However, there are some deviations when the value of the air fuel ratio decreases, the efficiency of the gas turbine also decreases. Therefore it can be concluded that the value of the air fuel ratio affects the value of the efficiency of the gas turbine, however, the value of the air fuel ratio is not the only factor that affects the value of the efficiency of the gas turbine.


The environment in which an individual lives can play a role in food choice as food selection may be limited to those readily available. Rural environments, in particular, may have less availability to healthy foods due to unique characteristics of these areas. Fast foods may be present in rural areas but the number of healthy options at restaurants and other food outlets may be limited.


We demonstrate the first monolithic 8-input, 8-output WDM-compliant cross-connect with nanosecond programmable path provisioning between each input and output. Multiple data channels are simultaneously demonstrated for all eight outputs with penalty as low as 1.7dB.


Based on the target-missile dynamics in plane and the second-order dynamics of missile autopilots,a new guidance law is designed using the dynamic surface control method.Some first-order low-pass filters are introduced into the design process to avoid the occurrence of high-order derivatives of line of the sight angular rate in the expression of the guidance law.Thus,the guidance law is easy to implement in practical applications.The proposed guidance law is effective in compensating the bad influence of the autopilot lag on guidance accuracy.In simulations of intercepting non maneuvering targets,targets with step acceleration,and targets with sinusoidal acceleration respectively,the guidance law is compared with the adaptive sliding mode guidance law which does not incorporate the dynamics of missile autopilots.Simulation results show that the guidance law still ensures an exact guidance result,even if the target escapes in a great and fast maneuver and the autopilot has a relatively large lag.


It is intended to disclose a method for risk estimation of the onset of granulocytopenia in a subject caused by paclitaxel treatment. This method comprises identifying gene polymorphisms in genes isolated from the subject, i.e., at five SNPs (IMS-JST111898 (SEQ ID NO:1), IMS- JST105874 (SEQ ID NO:2), IMS-JST082397 (SEQ ID NO:3), IMS-JST071852 (SEQ ID NO:4) and IMS-JST071853 (SEQ ID NO:5)) in CYP2C8 gene, and at five SNPs (IMS-JST074538 (SEQ ID NO:6), IMS-JST079837 (SEQ ID NO:7), IMS- JST044164 (SEQ ID NO:8), IMS-JST063023 (SEQ ID NO:9) and IMS-JST042569 (SEQ ID NO:10)) in BUB1b gene. Also, a kit containing a reagent to be used in this method is disclosed. ® KIPO & WIPO 2007


Terahertz (THz) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is becoming a promising technology for future 6G network, where using beam tracking scheme to track mobile users is essential. However, existing beam tracking schemes designed for narrowband systems with the traditional hybrid precoding structure suffer from severe performance loss caused by the wideband beam split effect. To solve this problem, we propose a beam zooming based beam tracking scheme by considering the recently proposed delay-phase precoding structure. At first, we prove the beam zooming mechanism to flexibly control the angular coverage of frequency -dependent beams over the whole bandwidth, i.e., the degree of the wideband beam split effect, which is achieved by the elaborate design of time delays in the delay-phase precoding structure. Based on this mechanism, we then propose to track multiple physical directions in each time slot by generating multiple beams. The angular coverage of these beams are flexibly zoomed to match the angular variation range of user physical direction. After several time slots, the base station can obtain the new physical direction by finding out the beam with the largest received power. The proposed scheme can track multiple physical directions simultaneously with reduced training overhead, which is verified by simulation results.


The modern vehicles such as western carriages, steamships and trains were introduced into China in late Qing period. They greatly influenced Chinese way of travel and brought new ideas and senses of time and space. There are abundant texts regarding modern vehicles in the late Qing and republican literature which show that new vehicles deeply participate in the writing of urban space of flow, the formation of modern daily life and public order of space and time, the renovation of visual experience and the establishment of the self. These new vehicles also function as important tools to structure and conjunction the story narration. This essay wants to show that the modern vehicles are not simply physical and exterior tools but important factors that reorganize the time and space relation, provide public space, and thus reconstruct the modern daily life order and recognize the self.


In the database system, introduced first in production site to the classification of variable, and lists the memory variable the structure of database table. Has realized the auto-storage of detection in situ parameter, and automatic renewal database. Carries on data unit disposition according to the I/O signal, completes the database the configuration, the database carries on the read-write through the data acquisition procedure to the field data, and defers to establish the good memory strategy to preserve in the historical database it. The database subsystem realizes the communication, the object searches, content revision renewal and other functions. With Windows XP as system development environment, Visual C#as development tool.


s A quartz glass crucible is the essential material for manufacturing silicon ingots such as semiconductors and solar cells. Quartz glass crucibles for semiconductors and solar cells are made similar, but differ in surface purity, structure and durability. Recently, ultra high purity synthetic glass crucibles for semiconductors have become more important due to foreign problems. In Korea, it has succeeded in producing 28-inch quartz glass crucibles through the past 10 years. However, 32-inch synthetic quartz glass for the production of silicon ingots for semiconductors is not up to the level of advanced technology, and the technology gap is expected to be 2 to 3 years. In order to overcome these technological gaps and localize synthetic quartz glass ware, close cooperation between production companies and demand companies and localization of synthetic quartz glass powder must also be made. In addition, if government support can be added, faster results can be expected.


Hybrid networks that build upon convolutional layers with attention mechanisms have demon-strated improved performance relative to pure convolutional networks across many regulatory genome analysis tasks. Their inductive bias to learn long-range interactions provides an avenue to identify learned motif-motif interactions. For attention maps to be interpretable, the convolutional layer(s) must learn identifiable motifs. Here we systematically investigate the extent that architectural choices in convolution-based hybrid networks influence learned motif representations in first layer filters, as well as the reliability of their attribution maps generated by saliency analysis. We find that design principles previously identified in standard convolutional networks also generalize to hybrid networks. This work provides an avenue to narrow the spectrum of architectural choices when designing hybrid networks such that they are amenable to commonly used interpretability methods in genomics.


ABSTRACT We report here 10 complete polyprotein-coding sequences of dengue virus type 2 strains isolated from febrile patients who presented at Malindi District Hospital, Kenya, during a recent dengue fever outbreak. Phylogenetically, all the strains belonged to clonal serotype 2 of the Cosmopolitan genotype.


Aromatic aldehydes react with dimethyl acetonedicarboxylate in molar ratio 1:2 with spontaneous intramolecular Michael addition to give polysubstituted cyclohexanones [1].[...]


The study of permutation polynomials on GF q n is important for the block cipher. This paper concludes that any permutation polynomial like u 1x q i + u 2x q j + c can be expressed as an affine permutation, and its number is counted. We also give some line spaces generated by reversible square matrices under the "+" operation.


PORTLAND— More than 50 economists from across the Northwest and most of Oregon's major colleges and universities say that global warming poses an imminent threat to Oregon's $121 billion economy. A new report says temperature increases, rising sea levels, and altered precipitation patterns will directly impact Oregon's Agricultural, Forestry, Tourism and Hydroelectric industries. These four sectors alone account for at least 25% of Oregon's economy.


Objectives: To determine whether an intermittent mechanical compression device (Venowave) effects walking distance in patients with intermittent claudication as compared to placebo, as well as to review the published literature on the topic. Design: Randomized, cross-over, blinded trial of an intermittent mechanical compression device (Venowave), compared with a sham compression device. Setting: Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Canada. Participants: 27 patients with severe peripheral limb ischemia, as identified by at least one of: i) ABI<0.4; ii) ACD<200 m (Fontaine stage IIb); iii) toe-brachial index<0.5; or iv) toe pressure<40 mmHg or rest pain due to arterial ischemia. Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome measure was Absolute Claudication Distance (ACD) while walking on a treadmill. Secondary outcome measures included Initial Claudication Distance (ICD), walk time measured in minutes, and a modified version of the Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ). Results: There was no significant difference in ACD (mean difference: 14.1 m; 95% CI: -31.6 m-59.9 m; p=0.53) or ICD (mean difference: 5.9 m; 95% CI: -26.3 m-14.5 m; p=0.55) between active and sham devices. Mean walk time was identical between active and sham devices (5.6 minutes (2.1) vs. 5.6 minutes (2.0); p=0.99). The modified WIQ score was higher in the active group compared with the sham group (mean difference 2.1 m; 95% CI: 0.3 m-3.9 m; p=0.03). Conclusion: In patients with moderate to severe intermittent claudication, the Venowave device did not increase walking distance when used immediately prior to and during measured effort. This is the first study to use a sham device as a comparator in this specific context.


The readers of this book have taken note of the history of site-specific
 installation art and were offered an analytical model for examining the
 perpetuation of the artworks in a museum context. As the term suggests,
 site-specific installations are physically tied to the surrounding space and
 would, strictly speaking, have no afterlives after their initial manifestation.
 However, as demonstrated with many examples, site-specific installations
 can have extended lives and are frequently relocated to different contexts
 and times. Hence, rather than defining site specificity as a "fixed" characteristic,
 this study took a broader perspective by looking into the biographies
 of the artworks in relation to the exhibition site, ongoing institutional
 engagement, the locations of production, and the visitors' interaction in
 the here and now.


This study aims to examine the effect of city branding and electronic word of mouth on the decision to visit Banyuwangi based on the tagline sunrise of java. This research was conducted on the millennial generation in Indonesia. This type of research is explanatory research using a quantitative approach. The data used are primary data obtained based on the results of online questionnaire data from 160 respondents. Sampling using purposive sampling technique with the criteria of respondents having visited at least one tourist destination in Banyuwangi and actively using social media.  The results showed that city branding and electronic word of mouth had a positive effect on the decision to visit. Electronic word of mouth has the most dominant influence on visiting decisions compared to city branding. Based on the results of the analysis show that this study provides a theoretical contribution to the factors that influence the decision to visit for tourists, namely city branding and electronic word of mouth. This research also makes a practical contribution in developing strategies to improve visiting decisions.


Parts I & II published in the September 1994 and November 1994 issues, respectively, of Wire Industry surveyed literature published over the last ten years on: Mathematical modelling of strand and rope response in Part I; and, in Part II, experimental work, test programmes and design procedures and Fatigue behaviour of wire ropes. Part 111, the final part of this series, surveys literature on: Wire rope terminations and effects; Marine, armoured cable and flexible pipes; and Some other specialist applications and techniques


The article describes a Muslim grave, dated 915 A.H. (1509-10 A.D.), found near the citadel of Derbent. According to the epitaph, the stela was erected on the tomb of Shah Vali b. Shaqil who was assigned the title of šahīd al-sa'īd ("happy martyr"). The date on the grave refers to the period of the military actions at the walls of Derbent, particularly to the siege of the city by the troops of Shah Ismail Safavi.


A three-laser heterodyne frequency measurement system has been developed to measure farinfrared (FIR) laser frequencies with fractional uncertainties up to ± 2 × 10 -7 . Seven new frequencies have been measured for previously observed FIR laser emissions of optically pumped CH3OD. The frequencies and wavelengths of these lines are reported for emissions ranging from 80.1 to 183.3 µm. A previously measured FIR laser emission from CH3OD, observed at 57.2 µm, was also re-measured in this work.


On 15 January 2022, the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai (HT) eruption injected SO2 and water into the middle stratosphere. Shortly after the eruption, the water vapor anomaly moved northward toward and across the equator. This northward movement appears to be due to equatorial Rossby waves forced by the excessive infrared water vapor cooling. Following the early eruption stage, persistent mid‐stratospheric water vapor and aerosol layers were mostly confined to Southern Hemisphere tropics (Eq. to 30°S). However, during the spring of 2022, the westerly phase of the tropical quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) descended through the tropics. The HT water vapor and aerosol anomalies were observed to again move across the equator coincident with the shift in the Brewer‐Dobson circulation and the descent of the QBO shear zone.


European Court rules that Tinners' incarceration in Switzerland for suspicion of violating anti-proliferation laws did not violate their human rights. U.S. government should encourage the Tinners to make a plea agreement with Swiss prosecutors. Despite working for the CIA in busting the A.Q. Khan network, the Tinners are not above Swiss laws. Treating them as such weakens precedents worldwide that those who engage in nuclear smuggling will be prosecuted. The brothers Urs and Marco Tinner and their father, Friedrich, had a long relationship with the notorious A.Q. Khan network, which outfitted Iran, North Korea, Libya, and possibly others with the wherewithal to make nuclear weapons. The brothers were held in a Swiss jail for several years because of suspicions that they violated Swiss anti-proliferation laws, their lack of cooperation with the prosecutors, and concerns that they would flee if released. 1 In 2003, the Tinner family signed a contract with the CIA agreeing to expose and to help bust the Khan network. Despite their cooperation with the CIA, Swiss prosecutors did not view the Tinners as above Swiss law, anymore than mafia informants escape being held accountable in the United States. The Swiss prosecutors believed the Tinners should remain accountable for years of alleged violations of Swiss laws for outfitting Libya's nuclear weapons program. Urs and Marco's relatively long confinement in jail and judicial proceedings led them to file a complaint in late 2008 with the European Court of Human Rights that Switzerland had violated their rights. In a statement to the court in 2010, the Swiss government denied violating the Tinners' rights. The statement cited the federal courts, including the Swiss Supreme Court, which ruled that their detention was legal. The government also stated that there remains significant suspicion about the Tinners' actions based on existing evidence. 3 The court has not yet ruled on a second appeal about the Swiss Executive Branch's destruction of evidence. The Tinner case presents difficult issues for the U.S. government because the Bush administration took actions which amounted to interference in the Swiss judicial process in order to free the Tinners for their cooperation with the CIA. These actions instead resulted in the Tinners remaining in jail longer and causing more revelations about the secret U.S. intelligence operation to shut down the Khan network. The Obama administration should adopt a new policy of cooperation with the Swiss judicial branch. The U.S. government should …