A number of mass strandings of beaked whales have in recent decades been temporally and spatially coincident with military activities involving the use of midrange sonar. The social behaviour of beaked whales is poorly known, it can be inferred from strandings and some evidence of at-sea sightings. It is believed that some beaked whale species have social organisation at some scale; however most strandings are of individuals, suggesting that they spend at least some part of their life alone. Thus, the occurrence of unusual mass strandings of beaked whales is of particular importance. In contrast to some earlier reports, the most deleterious effect that sonar may have on beaked whales may not be trauma to the auditory system as a direct result of ensonification. Evidence now suggests that the most serious effect is the evolution of gas bubbles in tissues, driven by behaviourally altered dive profiles (e.g. extended surface intervals) or directly from ensonification. It has been predicted that the tissues of beaked whales are supersaturated with nitrogen gas on ascent due to the characteristics of their deep-diving behaviour. The lesions observed in beaked whales that mass stranded in the Canary Islands in 2002 are consistent with, but not diagnostic of, decompression sickness. These lesions included gas and fat emboli and diffuse multiorgan haemorrhage. This review describes what is known about beaked whale anatomy and physiology and discusses mechanisms that may have led to beaked whale mass strandings that were induced by anthropogenic sonar. Beaked whale morphology is illustrated using Cuvier's beaked whale as the subject of the review. As so little is known about the anatomy and physiology of beaked whales, the morphologies of a relatively well-studied delphinid, the bottlenose dolphin and a well-studied terrestrial mammal, the domestic dog are heavily drawn on.


Samples of precision-machined optical flats were solicited from a number of commercial suppliers, examined by visual and Nomarski microscopy, and measured using a Wyko Non-Contacting Profiling instrument. The profile data were analyzed in terms of finish statistics which are directly related to optical performance, and these are presented in a common format and compared. The results are of intrinsic interest and suggest a number of intriguing generalities regarding surface materials and the machining process.


Although there is not a perfect agreement among pathologists as to the identity or non-identity of follicular conjunctivitis and trachoma (that is, as to whether they are independent affections), still the recent text-books on ophthalmology are almost unanimous in making a clinical if not a pathologic distinction between these manifestations. It is not my intention, nor is it necessary in a paper of this description, and on such an occasion, to enter into a dissertation giving the details of the arguments that have been, and are still being brought forward to prove the sameness or dissimilarity of these diseases. It is sufficient for the purposes of this article to state my own position in the controversy without giving the reasons for "the faith that is in me," and thus prevent any misunderstanding of terms. "Granular lids" is a phrase that I but rarely use, and then always as a synonym


Objective To discuss the clinic efficacy of bipolar electrocoagulation used in senile refractoriness haemorrhagia nasalis treatment under nasal endoscopy.Methods All of 84 patients who had senile refractoriness haemorrhagia nasalis from June 2008 to June 2011 were randomly divided into nasal endoscopic group of 54 patients and a control group of 53 patients.All patients in the control group were used traditional medication as well as hemostasis with packs.Efficiency of two groups were observed and compared.Results Nasal endoscopic group was 98.1% effective,while the control group was 56.6%,nasal endoscopy group was better than the control group.Conclusion Efficiency in the use of endoscopic bipolar electrocoagulation in the treatment of elderly intractable epistaxis is relatively high,it is worthy of promotion because of the exact effic acy,minimally invasive,safe and so on.


In this atlas the authors have brought together, in accessible form, a set of maps which portray a vivid picture of the physical environment of the British Isles. Each set of maps is accompanied by text that explains the nature and causes of the patterns that can be observed. The contents are broadly based, covering the geology, geomorphology, hydrology, climatolgoy, soils, biogeography, and seas of the British Isles and the human impact on each of these aspects. The maps are as uncomplicated as the subject matter allows and the text is designed to be accessible to a wide range of readers. The book was prepared to celebrate the centenary of the Geographical Assocation. From it emerges a remarkable picture of the physical landscape. Together with its companion volume, Britiain in the 1990s: A Social and Economic Atlas, it provides a comprehensive overview of the British Isles.


There are rich nutrition,high medical value and health function in yam( Dioscorea opposite. Thunb). In order to further develop and utilize plentiful resource of yam in China,a survey of research on medical value,health function,and processing situation of yam in the world were comprehensively introduced in this paper. The main problems in yam processing and the further research fields were pointed out.


We study the asymptotic behavior of maximin values of a payoff function, when relaxed constraints are tightened. The payoff function depends on the trajectories of controlled systems of the first and second player. An extension in the class of the Radon measures is used. The asymptotic equivalence between two types of the constraints relaxations is shown.


Sedimentary soils and rocks are very often characterized as materials with a so-called layered microstructure, i.e. two or more constituents form a fabric of periodically repeating layers. This speci c pattern is an effect of the decomposition and sedimentation in different, but periodically repeating conditions during diagenesis process. Soil called varved clay is a special class of such materials. This soil was formed in glacial lakes and is composed of two layers arranged in a periodic manner. The macroscopic effect of the layered microstructure is a strong anisotropy in both an elastic and inelastic range. Particularly, the two main mechanisms of the failure of the laminated microstructure can be distinguished, i.e.: a localized shearing on the "weakness plane" or the destruction of the entire structure by a failure of all constituents. From an engineering point of view, identi cation of an adequate anisotropic strength criterion for sedimentary rocks is an especially important problem [2, 5]. This work presents the preliminary results of the strength anisotropy of varved clay. The paper is organized as follows. In Section 2 the physical properties of the soil investigated are discussed. Next, the results of the directional failure characteristics of the varved clay considered are presented. These results have been obtained at three different values of con nement, i.e. at 0 kPa, 50 kPa and 200 kPa. The failure pattern corresponding to different angles of bedding planes orientation with respect to loading direction are discussed in the Section 4. Final remarks end the paper.


A candidate Variable Speed Limits Sign (VSLS) control algorithm was applied to an urban freeway in Toronto, Canada using microsimulation. The microsimulation model was combined with a categorical crash model to quantify the impacts of VSLS implementation on safety and traffic performance. The VSLS control strategy was developed as a practical algorithm that responded to real-time measures of traffic conditions. Evaluation of the VSLS impacts revealed that the control strategy could produce desirable impacts (i.e. reduced crash potential associated with a small travel time penalty) but only for a limited range of traffic conditions. Modifications to the algorithm parameters revealed that considerable improvements to the original results could be achieved. The travel time penalty was significantly reduced while a high reduction in crash potential was maintained. For the covering abstract see E134653.


Contrary to prior evidence, we show that corporations don't necessarily follow a systematic trade-off between cash holdings and risk management policies and that cash holdings are not a viable substitute for hedging using derivative instruments. Most importantly, we document an economically significant and positive effect of corporate risk management on the value of corporate cash holdings. We show that investors are particularly aware of the uncertainties to firm-level cash holdings when firms use cash balances to absorb systematic risk(s) instead of financial derivatives. Our results present evidence of an indirect and complementary route towards value maximization via corporate risk management.


Two complex (real) square matrices A and B are said io be unitarily t-congruent (orthogonally similar) it there exists a unitary (an orthogonal) matrix U such that A=UBU 1 We characterize those linear operators that preserve unitary t-congruence on complex matrices and those linear operators that preserve orthogonal similarity on real matrices. This answers a question raised in a paper by Y. P. Hong, R. A. Horn and the first author.


Objective To improve the ability of paediatricians in diagnosis and understanding of the prognosis about neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD) by analyzing the dead cases.Method 4 patients died of NICCD in Endocrinology Department of our hospital during 2004-2012 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among the 4 patients,mutation Ⅰ/Ⅰ,Ⅰ/Ⅲ.3 cases started with infant hepatitis syndromes,1 case started with pale yellow stool,1 case started with hepatosplenomegaly.3 cases started with edema.Psychomotor retardation showed in 2 cases.The average age of these patients were 49 days.2 cases showed hypoglycemia,all cases showed obvious citrulline increasing by amino acid analysis.3 cases showed high galactitol level if detected by urine GC-MS analysis.4 cases showed coagulation disorders.3 patients with NICCD were treated.The blood sugar increased after 11 days' treatment in 2 cases,but their liver function didn′ t improve.1 case died 6 days after admission,1 case died after leaving the hospital,1 case died 11 months after discharging from the hospital.1 case readmitted for lung infection after 13 months follow up.The primary cause of death in all the cases was pneumorrhagia.Conclusions It is important to check the disorders of NICCD gene in the severe patients to make the correct diagnosis as early as possible,but this is meaningless to the prognosis of the patients.Coagulation disorders and pneumorrhagia are the primary causes of death in these patients.


- This paper discusses administrative quality, un-bias performance appraisal exercises and staff job satisfaction. Performance appraisal is the evaluation of the contribution of employee towards the attainment of the organizational goals and objectives. It is the systematic rating, examination, evaluation and description of employees performance on how they have done or doing their jobs – its purpose is to look at employee strength and weaknesses, to identify the training needs, to review work schedules in the right direction, it provides employees the opportunities to realize their potentials, helps to provide information for modifying job schedules for personnel planning, promotion, recruitment and selection of staff. The paper identified some features of a good appraisal to include; being objective, impartial, acceptable and factual, it must have good job schedule description on the expectation of the employee and the users must have adequate training on appraisal. Appraisal exercise is done by self, subordinates, peers, superiors or the combination of any of the above. Staff appraisal creates and sustain teachers satisfaction in their job and triggers higher performance, brings greater productivity greater and better versa-ability and adaptability to new methods, with job satisfaction which lowers labour turnover and less absenteeism. The paper also identified some challenges against quality and unbiased appraisal exercise; to include not stating clearly the purposes of appraisal, unfair evaluation when staff appraises themselves, high cost in terms of time money and efforts invested in it. It is often wrongly used by heads/managers/employers and students who are not trained in the use of the various rating scales. Some relevant recommendations offered include; making appraisal to be objectives, impartial, acceptable and functional, must have good description on job expectation, and have adequate and relevant training on staff appraisal exercise.


The herbal plant is one of Indonesia's natural wealth which can be used as alternative medicine. Herbal plants do not necessarily consume without guidance according to health standards. Carrying out a recommendation for herbal plants with complex entities and attributes can be done with a Decision Support System (DSS). However, it cannot be done optimally if only doing it using the usual DSS methods. Some entities such as consumer diseases, herbal contraindications to the use, and dosage to be considered in providing a recommendation of herbal plants as alternative medicine. For the solution of these problems, a Multi-Layer-based on Decision Support System was built with three layers of alternative search stages namely an alternative layer of disease, an alternative layer of herbal plants, and an alternative layer of using herbal weaving to solve recommendations for this complex problem. This work uses TOPSIS. The results of this work indicate that the implementation of Multi-Layer in the Decision Support System returns a compatibility level of accuracy of 86.66%.


This thesis proposes a new model of disordered eating and tests it using a longitudinal design. The Expectancy Model of Disordered Eating maintains that dieting and binge eating can best be explained as a predisposition towards avoidance coping which is triggered by outcome expectancies and negative affect or low self-esteem.


Nowadays, the hypothesis of using low cost "unmanned" vehicles, to replace men into territorial waters' surveillance operations, is taking over. This would allow few operators to patrol great sea areas, reducing consequently costs of patrolling missions led by human resources. Because of low autonomy of robotic vehicles, compared with the autonomy of normal vehicles, path's planning algorithms are needed to maximize the length of each path, respecting each vehicle's autonomy and the constraints due to the vehicles' features, revisits of sensible areas etc. etc. The following article describes a heuristic approach to the computing of these navigation plans.


A: Well, it started when I was growing up in Houston and when I was in junior high school or what we call middle school now. I was already over 6 feet tall, and I was sort of the star of our team there. Then when I got to high school, I didn't try to make the high school team because the high school team was run by a fellow named Young Bussey. He was another kid who had a reputation for whipping other kids. I didn't start playing until I was a senior in high school, and I made the all-city team here. Then, when I got up to Austin at University of Texas, I went out for the freshman team. I made the freshman team, but I didn't get a scholarship until I had a chance to go in the game and help University of Texas beat St. Edward's University, and then, the coach called me into his office and offered me a scholarship during my sophomore year. I stayed there and played on the championship team that year—1939—and then stayed in Texas. Basketball changed my career. My basketball scholarship influenced my change of career from predental to premed. The coach called me in at the end of my junior year when I was thinking of transferring to dental school, and he said, "Cooley, you gotta stay here for your full four years cause you gotta use up your eligibility. We've got a lot invested in you." So I decided to stay for four years, and I'd just go on to medical school, instead of dental school.


This paper proposes a diversity scheme for multiple antenna in OFDM system based on an electrically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna. Although the 2 × 2 OFDM system is capable of doubling the capacity without expanding the occupied frequency bandwidth, we can't get the additional diversity gain using the linear MIMO decomposition method. This proposed method can improve the bit error rate performance (BER) by making efficient use of ESPAR antenna. Computer simulation results shows that the proposed scheme gives the additional diversity gain about 3.9 dB for ideal channel and 2.55 dB for estimated channel for maximal likelihood detection (MLD) with scheme 2 × 2 MIMO conventional.


A k-out-of-n Extended Visual Cryptography Scheme (EVCS) is a secret sharing scheme which hides a secret image into n shares, which are also some images. The secret image can be recovered if at least k of the shares are superimposed, while nothing can be obtained if less than k shares are known. Previous EVCS schemes are either for black-and-white images or having pixel expansion. In this paper, we propose the first k-out-of-n EVCS for color images with no pixel expansion. The scheme also improves the contrast of the n shares and the reconstructed secret image (i.e. the superimposed image of any k or more shares) by allowing users to specify the level of each primary color (i.e. Red, Green and Blue) in the image shares as well as the reconstructed secret image.


Cancer Therapeutics CRC Pty Ltd (CTx), established in 2007, is Australia's first translational drug-discovery and development company. It was formed to bridge the gap between leading cancer research and the discovery and development of the next generation of cancer drugs, precision small-molecule drugs. These small-molecule drugs are expected to make up half of the global market in cancer drugs within 10 years. Funded under the Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centres scheme, CTx has garnered approximately AU$ 148 million in cash and in-kind contributions from the federal government and its participating institutes to operate for 7 years. These funds are being used to expand and integrate previously separate drug-discovery and development centers into one large multidisciplinary organization with the requisite resources and capabilities to make a significant impact in the global cancer drug-discovery industry.


The electronic structure and properties of two different types of random Ag overlayers on a nonrandom Pd(001) substrate have been studied. One overlayer is an Ag-Pd alloy and the other is Ag plus vacancies. Calculations were performed by means of a self-consistent, surface Green's-function technique based on the tight-binding linear-muffin-tin-orbital theory. The disorder was included via the coherent-potential approximation generated to inhomogeneous systems. The layer-resolved local densities of states and the work functions were obtained


A tunable and switchable multi-wavelength Erbium–Brillouin random fiber laser (MW-EBRFL) with a half-open cavity structure and incorporating a segment of highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Due to HNLF being with high nonlinear coefficient, high Brillouin gain coefficient and high Rayleigh scattering (RS) coefficient, a reduced length of HNLF can provide a strong random distributed feedback (RDFB) and high stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) gain. In addition, an optical fiber amplify loop (OFAL) including a high-power erbium-doped fiber amplifier (HP-EDFA) and an optical attenuator (ATT) is constructed to provide a strong Brillouin pump (BP) and controllable optical feedback. Using the presented MW-EBRFL, up to 11 orders of stable Stokes laser lines with a wavelength spacing of 0.074 nm and the minimum optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of 41.22 dB are obtained. System parameters including BP power and HP-EDFA pump power influence on output of MW-EBRFL are also investigated. By adjusting BP wavelength, multi-wavelength output with 6–11 channel numbers can be tuned in a wide wavelength range spanning 36 nm. The proposed MW-EBRFL also can realize switchable multi-wavelength generation of 1 ∼ 11 order Stokes with an increasing wavelength number in turn, only by simply adjusting HP-EDFA pump power. Furthermore, when a polarization-maintaining fiber loop mirror filter (PMF-LMF) is cascaded with output port of the cavity, it can be very convenient to achieve wavelength switching between single- and double-Brillouin frequency spacing (BFS), only by tuning polarization controller in PMF-LMF.


C language course design is one of the courses which need practical ability.This paper analyzes the present teaching situation in C language course design.In the teaching process,we take students as the center of " Project Teaching Method " who participate in the entire process of a complete project development under the guidance of teachers.The teaching effect is good.This paper also analyses the good aspects in the teaching process and puts forward the corresponding solutions combining with the practical courses and aiming at the problems existing in the teaching process.


The sex ratio of Osmanthus fragrans(Thunb.) Lour.individual of six wild populations in Guihua Gorge of Zhouluo Village in Liuyang County of Hu'nan Province,northeast and south slopes of Shifengzhai of Guanfang Village in Changting County of Fujian Province and Gongcun Village,Zhanggongqiao and Maoweicun Village in Longquan County of Zhejiang Province was counted,and pistil morphology in flower,number and external morphology of pollen and pollen germination on stigma of unisexual males and hermaphrodites were observed and compared.The results show that male ratio of six populations has a great difference(0-0.62) with an average value of near 0.5,in which that of northeast slope and south slope populations of Shifengzhai is the biggest(0.62) and that of Zhanggongqiao population is the smallest.Hermaphrodite flower has a normally developed pistil,while unisexual male flower has a trace of pistillode.There is a certain difference in pollen number per anther among different populations and individuals,and those of unisexual males are more than those of hermaphrodites,but without significant difference(P0.05).Pollen morphology of unisexual males and hermaphrodites is same all with oblong,polar axis of 16 μm,tricolpate and reticulate surface ornamentation.Pollens all have higher activity and can germinate normally on stigmas.Combined with observation results of other species in Osmanthus Lour.,breeding system of O.fragrans should be functional androdioecy,which may be a transition type between hermaphroditism and dioecism,and can be found in other species in Osmanthus.


The article deals with the volleyball teaching-learning process in the 11-12 year-old category through competition as a course for achieving teaching-learning results solving the various game situations that volleyball players face during the competitive act, therefore, the objective was formulated to develop a model for the teaching-learning of volleyball as a support for the competitive dynamics. Among the methods used are: scientific observation, documentary and bibliographic review, holistic-configurational, analytical-synthetic and statistical. Likewise, the relevance and scientific feasibility of the research results were assessed through the pre-experiment, accompanied by the expert criterion, concluding that the proposed model shows the essential relationships between the configurations that make it up, which allows understanding the integrative logic of the systematization of the competition, revealed in the subsystems as ways for the players to appropriate volleyball through competition.


is not as great as might appear, for it may be safely assumed that the severity of the nerve lesion is such as to require operation. In all cases met with, the operation advised was never found to be unnecessary. With, regard to injuries to mixed nerves with only partial cutaneous sensory loss, the muscles innervated by the affected nerve seldom fail to react on or below No. 10 stop. If reacting on No. 8 or below, recovery almost invariably ensues without operation. Cases in which the majority of muscles react on No. 10 should be examined every four weeks; if no improvement be apparent after the third examination, exploration should be advised. Some cases appear to remain stationary; in such instances operation usually reveals moderate involvement in scar tissue or a partial division of the nerve, and surgical treatment is followed by rapid


The invention discloses a zinc oxide-based semiconductor material which is composed by mixing fluoride into the zinc oxide-based semiconductor material. The ratio of the molecule number of the fluoride and the total molecule number of metallic oxide in the zinc oxide-based semiconductor material is greater than or equal to 0.001 and less than or equal to 0.15. The invention also discloses a thin film transistor using the above material as channel layer material. The zinc oxide-based semiconductor material of the invention has the advantages of higher electron mobility, good electrical stability (little hysteresis effect), high switch ratio and the like. The thin film transistor used the zinc oxide-based semiconductor material as the channel layer needs no special process to be processed and can adjust threshold voltage of components by adjusting the content of new dopant to make the components in an often-close state, thereby reducing the driving difficulty and overall power consumption and reducing process cost.


Organic farming system has been considered environmental friendly and sustainable agricultural practice. However, the influence of organic farming on soil quality and environment is not well informed and controversial. We sampled and analyzed 0~15 cm and 15~30 cm depth soils of organic and conventional paddy fields in Yongin and Anseong. The electric conductivity and organic matter content of organic paddy soil were significantly less (p = 0.0097, 0.0067, respectively) than those of conventional paddy soil. Available phosphate and total phosphorus in 0~15 cm depth of organic paddy soil were 211.1±135.3, 872.4±286.3 mg/kg, respectively, less than those of conventional paddy soil. Available phosphate amount in conventional paddy was 358.8±246.7 mg/kg, which is higher than 300 mg/kg that can cause secondary environmental contamination by runoff. The amount of total nitrogen in organic paddy soil was less than that in conventional paddy while their difference was not significant. The concentration of the heavy metals in organic paddy soil was also lower than that in conventional paddy soil but their difference was not statistically significant. Our findings demonstrate that electric conductivity, organic matter, nutrients, and heavy metals in organic paddy soil were less than those in conventional paddy soil. However, additional monitoring of soil properties for longer period is necessary to certify such a conclusion.


Abstract This study presents a segmentation analysis of grocery shoppers. The process utilized consists of three parts. First, shopping orientations are identified through a factor analysis of responses to psychographic statements related to grocery shopping. Seven shopping orientations are found to exist, including (1) price consciousness, (2) recreation, (3) food safety, (4) health, (5) convenience, (6) home shopping, and (7) home cooking. Second, grocery shopping segments are identified by clustering respondents on the basis of their scores across the seven shopping orientations. Four grocery shopping segments are identified including (1) food safety/health, (2) convenience, (3) middle-of-theroad, and (4) home shopping. Third, each of the grocery shopping segments is profiled with respect to store attribute evaluations, media usage, and level of involvement. Demographic characteristics were not significantly related to the four grocery shopping segments. The study delineates implications for each of th...


A n important approach that has evolved and been emphasised in the assessment of health professionals is the blueprint approach to assessment construction. Like 'portfolio', a term that has been borrowed by medical education from the arts, 'blueprint' has been borrowed from architecture. It indicates that a process of assessment needs to be conducted according to a replicable plan. This fundamental procedure, as a precursor to test construction and item choice, ensures that test content is mapped carefully against learning objectives to produce a 'valid examination'. It generates congruence between the subject matter delivered during instruction, or competencies expected to be acquired by the student, and the items that appear in the test.


A case of a heavily ossified cavernous angioma of the spinal cord along with its histological features and surgical implications is reported. The unusually dense calcification and even bone formation along with the unique eggshell-like cyst formation posed problems in diagnosis and surgical excision. This calcified vascular lesion was treated by subtotal excision.


This study aimed to prepare sheep bone collagen–chitosan (BC‐CS) blend films and to characterize their film‐forming properties and structure. The blend films were prepared with different blend ratio of collagen and CS (BC:CS = 100:0, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, and 0:100) with skin gelatin‐chitosan (SG‐CS) film used as a control. The results showed that the BC film became smoother, tougher, and more transparent when CS was added. The addition of CS significantly increased the tensile strength of the BC film. Elongation at break of the BC film decreased when the addition of CS was more than 50%. Compared with the BC film, the light barrier properties of the blended films increased in the ultraviolet region. The blend films exhibited increased thermal stability and decreased water solubility when compared with the BC film, but their permeability to water vapor increased undesirably. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results confirmed the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between BC and CS in the blends. Conclusively, the film‐forming properties of BC‐CS blend films have the potential to be used for food packaging. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The sheep bone collagen–chitosan blend film was fairly transparent and possessed good mechanical properties, which might be suitable for food packaging. This study can provide some reference for future development of bone collagen films for industrial application and bring forth new ideas for the utilization of animal bone coproducts.


As part of our ongoing Deep Ecliptic Survey (DES) of the Kuiper belt, we report on the occupation of the 1 : 1 (Trojan), 4 : 3, 3 : 2, 7 : 4, 2 : 1, and 5 : 2 Neptunian mean motion resonances (MMRs). The previously unrecognized occupation of the 1 : 1 and 5 : 2 MMRs is not easily understood within the standard model of resonance sweeping by a migratory Neptune over an initially dynamically cold belt. Among all resonant Kuiper belt objects (KBOs), the three observed members of the 5 : 2 MMR discovered by DES possess the largest semimajor axes (a ≈ 55.4 AU), the highest eccentricities (e ≈ 0.4), and substantial orbital inclinations (i ≈ 10°). Objects (38084) 1999HB12 and possibly 2001KC77 can librate with modest amplitudes of ∼90° within the 5 : 2 MMR for at least 1 Gyr. Their trajectories cannot be explained by close encounters with Neptune alone, given the latter's current orbit. The dynamically hot orbits of such 5 : 2 resonant KBOs, unlike hot orbits of previously known resonant KBOs, may imply that these objects were preheated to large inclination and large eccentricity prior to resonance capture by a migratory Neptune. Our first discovered Neptunian Trojan, 2001QR322, may not owe its existence to Neptune's migration at all. The trajectory of 2001QR322 is remarkably stable; the object can undergo tadpole-type libration about Neptune's leading Lagrange (L4) point for at least 1 Gyr with a libration amplitude of 24°. Trojan capture probably occurred while Neptune accreted the bulk of its mass. For an assumed albedo of 12%–4%, our Trojan is ∼130–230 km in diameter. Model-dependent estimates place the total number of Neptune Trojans resembling 2001QR322 at ∼20–60. Their existence helps to rule out violent orbital histories for Neptune.


Before making any measurements in this lab, you will need to read the introductory material in the apparatus manual and work out some of the details that describe the physics of NMR. This handout is only meant as a supplementary guide to the procedures. You will need to refer to this and to the manual as you become familiar with the apparatus. You will need to use a significant part of the three weeks allocated for the lab to understand the system and learn how to make the basic measurements. Once that's under control you can make some measurements on samples. Work out the pre-measurement exercises in your lab notebook. then become familiar with the apparatus. This includes observing the signals produced from the NMR system, especially the generation of various pulse sequences to be used in the measurements, and making preliminary measurements. The remaining lab time will be used for completing measurements on the assigned sample.


This study was designed to assess taste threshold and investigate the effect of age, dental problems, health disorders/diseases and multiple medications on the distortion of taste and to determine if the loss of taste increases with age. One hundred seven elderly from rural congregate feeding sites and senior centers in Northern Alabama volunteered to participate in this study. Water solutions of varying concentrations for sweet, salty, sour, and bitter were prepared to determine recognition thresholds and test the effect of other factors on the ability to taste. A questionnaire was administered to each elderly volunteer to assess overall health. Results indicated that there was no significant age difference for the basic taste sensations, except for sweetness. Gender, dental problems, health disorders, diseases and multiple uses of medications did not significantly affect taste threshold. The basic was a decrease in taste threshold independent of any extraneous factors. Les effets de l'âge, des problemes dentaires, de l'etat de sante, des traitements sur la deformation ou la perte du gout chez le vieillard sont etudies. Les resultats montrent que l'âge n'a pas d'effet sur la perception des gouts basiques. Les autres facteurs testes n'influencent pas non plus le seuil de detection des differents gouts.


One of the next steps of integrating Pentecostal spirituality with the wider Christian spiritual tradition is to consider further glossolalia's relationship to forms of prayer with a longer and more firmly established history. While some initial attempts to do so have connected glossolalia more closely to mystical prayer, there is ground for seeing some occasions of glossolalia also as ascetical prayer. Pentecostals and Catholics are particularly equipped to support this claim, if they can transcend some of their own typical views of glossolalia and accentuate other tendencies within their own traditions. The result may be a clearer understanding of glossolalia for all interested parties, an understanding marked by new insights about glossolalia's value as an unintelligible form of prayer that is widely available for regular use.


The interest in organizational play is growing, both in popular business discourse and organization studies. As the presumption that play is dysfunctional for organizations is increasingly discarded, the existing positions may be divided into two camps; one proposes 'serious play' as an engine for business and the other insists that work and play are largely indistinguishable in the postindustrial organization. Our field study of a design and communications company in Denmark shows that organizational play can be much more than just functional to the organization. We identify three ways in which workplaces engage in play: play as a (serious) continuation of work, play as a (critical) intervention into work and play as an (uninvited) usurpation of work.


Submitted for the MAR08 Meeting of The American Physical Society Electronic doping in heterostructures of strongly correlated materials IVAN GONZALEZ, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, ROGER G. MELKO, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Canada, ELBIO DAGOTTO, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN — Heterostructures of strongly correlated materials have attracted much attention recently. One of the main points of interest is the possibility of the stabilization of new phases at the interface between two different strongly correlated materials. In this talk, we present a study of the electronic properties of a heterostructure made of strongly correlated materials. The heterostructure is built up by alternating several layers of two different materials. The layers are thin enough (about 10 units cells) so the charges can be transferred all throughout the heterostructure. Calculations are performed using the Density Matrix Renormalization Group algorithm together with a Poisson equation formalism to account for the charge redistribution produced by the interfaces. We show that for realistic values of the parameters of the model the properties of the heterostructure are greatly determined by the behaviour at the interfaces. Ivan Gonzalez Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Date submitted: 27 Nov 2007 Electronic form version 1.4


Abstract This article examines how academic staff involved in the workplace supervision of students in vocational courses conceive of the workplace experience. Five conceptions have been identified which range from a view that the placement is about students picking up relevant skills in the workplace, to a view that the workplace experience is about giving students the opportunity to learn, to do and to question, by working collaboratively with the university and the workplace on relevant problems. The article suggests there is a relationship between these conceptions and the quality of student learning resulting from the experience. Where the workplace is seen as a simple picking up of skills there is least evidence of development and satisfaction. Where the experience is seen as an opportunity to help students engage with salient issues by working collaboratively with employers, there is most evidence of development and satisfaction. There is a clear parallel between this study of workplace supervision...


The source of low quality gases can be either naturally occurring or the result of enhanced oil recovery methods. Because the economics justify processing low quality gases, emphasis on improving or replacing costly clean-up processes has been supported by several companies. This effort to develop new technology has been enhanced by the use of equations of state, the accessibility of computers and the associated advancement in numeric methods. Equations of state have been used for some time for vapor liquid equilibrium and thermodynamic computations. Applications of equations of state for other purposes, or extrapolation into design areas not yet verified by data are somewhat unusual and of interest to the process engineer. 31 references.


Objective In the help of database saving and managing the obstetrically puerperal da-ta, rapid statistics and analysis of obstetrically data had been achieved, which provides technical support for large - scale clinical investigation.Methods To coordinate the obstetrically puerperal data, database of obstetrically puerperal data was established by EpiData, with puerperal data of all the 15102 lying - in women(gestations>28 weeks) in hospital from Jan.1st, 1998 to Dec.31st, 2007.Results This database had a simple structure and runs well;it realized the "electronicalization" and statistics and analysis of the 10 - year obstetrically puerperal data in a short time, which cost more than 2 months.Conclusions EpiDa-ta database has great capabilities to deal with the management and statistics and analysis of the obstetrically puerperal data pertinent, and is easy to be employed.It merits wide employment in clinic investigation.

Key words:
Puerperal data; EpiData software; Database


A 5-year-old male Labrador retriever was presented for traditional Chinese veterinary medicine (TCVM) evaluation and treatment after a diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma of the right rostral mandible. The large tumor (5x4x1 cm) displaced the right mandibular canine tooth, lower incisors and extended ventrally under the tongue. A guarded prognosis had been given by an oncologist with an estimate of 3-6 months survival with palliative care. With the dog's quality of life the most important consideration, the owner elected to try an integrative medicine approach combining piroxicam, tramadol and TCVM. The TCVM treatment strategies focused on tonifying Spleen Qi, and moving Qi and Blood. Chinese herbal therapy and food therapy were instituted as the central components of the treatment plan. A specifically-designed home-cooked diet was started to tonify Qi, resolve Stagnation and transform Phlegm. Emphasis was placed on food therapy as good nutrition has been shown to increase survival times in humans and animals with cancer. Over a 4-6 month treatment period, clinical signs steadily improved with resolution of the visible oral mass and the pain associated with it. The dog maintained an excellent quality of life for 56 months after the initial diagnosis. This case highlights an excellent clinical outcome for a dog with poor prognosis for long-term survival through an integrative approach using TCVM therapies.


During the most difficult moments of the Covid-19 pandemic various comparisons were drawn between the current crisis and the financial disaster in 2008. In that year, a group of fine arts students developed a participative and activist project in which architecture, understood as a possibility to inhabit and look after, was the emancipatory and enabling impulse for a new type of political and social intervention which originated from the necessity to participate in discussions that consequently arouse from a time of political turmoil. Ever since, LaFabrika detodalavida , the project stemming from the inhabitation and rehabilitation of a derelict cemetery in Los Santos de Maimona (Badajoz), maintains a relation between architecture and social activation through the development of cultural practises of set political connotations. In this retrospective view we try to narrow down the requirements of these kind of projects and their difficulties with regard to the initiation of events and the upkeep of their social and professional relations.


Composites of jute fabrics (Hessian cloth) and Biopol® were prepared by compression molding process. Three types of Biopol® (3-hydroxbutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalarate) such as D300G, D400G and D600G, depending on the concentration of 3-hydroxyvalarate (3HV) in 3-hydroxbutyrate (3HB) were taken for this purpose. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength (TS), bending strength (BS), elongation at break (Eb) and impact strength (IS) of the jute-Biopol® composites were studied. It was found that the composite with D400G produced higher mechanical properties in comparison to the other two types of Biopol®. To increase mechanical properties as well as interfacial adhesion between fiber and matrix, 2-ethyl hydroxy acrylate (EHA), vinyl tri-methoxy silane (VMS) and 3-methacryloxypropyl tri-methoxy silane (MPS) were taken as coupling agents. Enhanced mechanical properties of the composites were obtained by using these coupling agents. Biopol® D400G composites showed the highest mechanical properties. Among the coupling agents EHA depicts the highest increase of mechanical properties such as tensile strength (80%), bending strength (81%), elongation at break (33%) and impact strength (130%) compared pure Biopol. SEM investigations demonstrate that the coupling agents improve the interfacial adhesion between fiber and matrix. The surface of the silanized jute was characterized by FTIR and found the deposition of silane on jute fiber was observed. Soil degradation test proved that the composite prepared with EHA treated jute exhibits better degradation properties in comparison to pure Biopol®.


ABSTRACT This article examines the environmental justice efforts of the Coal River Mountain Watch (CRMW) in Boone County, West Virginia. The CRMW is a grassroots group formed in 1998 to fight the effects of mountaintop removal coal mining in West Virginia. The membership of this organization is largely comprised of white, working-class women whose homes and community have been adversely impacted by this extractive industry. The CRMW serves as a watch dog of the coal industry oligarchy in the state, resisting the social and environmental injustices created by King coal and its abetting state political system. This article posits that around the country poor and working-class women respond collectively to threats on their homes and communities. However, the scale and impact of this social trend has yet to be adequately assessed by feminist and environmental justice scholars. There is a large body of important, ecofeminist scholarship examining women's connection to the natural world, mostly framed by the sp...


Green chemistry protocols are proposed to produce high-value chemicals from waste tomatoes. Long-chain hydroxy fatty acids (called cutin acids), in particular the 10,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid and its oligomers, could be innovative building-block chemicals for the synthesis of novel bio-resins and lacquers suitable as internal protective coating for metal food packaging. However, these natural compounds are not currently commercially available. This study investigates the possibility of extracting cutin acids from tomato peels without the use of organic solvents and by an efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally safe method amenable to industrial scale-up. The first route investigated was based on alkaline hydrolysis of the tomato cuticle. The second involved the acid free-selective precipitation of cutin. Finally, cutin was isolated by hydrogen peroxide-assisted hydrolysis. GC-MS analysis revealed the main chemical compound isolated by all methods to be 10,16-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid, the principal component of tomato cutin, with extraction yields ranging from 81 to 96%. Products are different in terms of appearance, solubility, the degree of crosslinking observed and molecular weight, as shown by GPC analysis. Furthermore, the products extracted were characterized by means of FT-IR spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The cutin obtained through alkaline hydrolysis results the best raw material for bio-resin preparation.


Virtual input panel (for example, a virtual keyboard, gesture area, handwritten area) so that the display and user is not occluded is the content they are interacting, the display of the content area is adjusted automatically. After adjusting the display of the content area, content to be interaction is visualized in the content area. The content area is automatically adjusted so as to remain visible during the interaction. Some circumstances, content area also others temporarily can be resized while the virtual input panel is displayed. Scale zoom, when it is set to automatically change in response to changes to the content area, the zoom scale may be set to a fixed percentage. When the virtual input panel is removed, it is possible to restore the original settings of the content area before the virtual input panel is displayed.


Ergonomic or human factors considerations have been central to vehicle design and national rule making for more than twenty years. The ergonomics of the road vehicle may be considered under a number of different general topics: visibility, field of view, design of controls, design of displays, anthropometric considerations, handling characteristics, ride quality and aesthetics. This paper focusses on issues involving the first three of these. Primary emphasis is given to the question of designing for the visual information that a driver receives from the outside environment. The problem of windscreen light transmission is discussed. A case is made that the requirement for high transmission levels can be justified on both experimental and theoretical grounds. Recent experimental evidence is presented showing a significant decrement in visual performance resulting from the Australian practice of using wire mesh stone guards mounted in front of the windscreen. The question of the visual observation caused by front pillars is addressed. Finally, issues relating to motor vehicle multifunction stalk controls are considered (a).


In application server systems, such as J2EE, replication is an essential strategy for reliability and efficiency. Many J2EE implementations, both commercial and open-source, provide some replication support. However, the range of possible strategies is wide, and the choice of the best one, depending on the expected application profile, remains an open research question. To support research in this area, we introduce a framework for prototyping J2EE replication algorithms. In effect, it divides replication code into two layers: the framework itself, which is common to all replication algorithms, and a specific replication algorithm, which is "plugged in" to the framework. The division is defined by an API. The framework simplifies development in two ways. First, it keeps much of the complexity of modifying a J2EE implementation within the framework layer, which is implemented only once. Second, through the API, the replication algorithm sees a highly abstracted view of the components in the server. This frees the designer to concentrate on the important issues that are specific to a replication algorithm, such as communication. We have implemented the framework by extending the open-source J2EE server. Compared to an unmodified server, the framework adds a performance cost of about 22%. Thus, it is quite practical for the initial development and evaluation of replication algorithms. Several algorithms have already been implemented within the framework.


Male genital self-mutilation (GSM) is an extremely rare occurrence. Treatment options include primary penile repair vs penectomy, depending on the extent of the injury. Partial amputation of the penis in a transgender person presents a particularly unique ethical challenge. While GSM has been associated with depression, suicide, schizophrenia, and substance use disorders, there is a paucity of literature regarding GSM in male-to-female (MTF) transgender patients. One major obstacle to our understanding of GSM in this patient population is the rapidly changing attitude toward gender incongruence over the last several decades. The concept of gender incongruence was not introduced in the medical community until 1980, when the DSM-III criteria established "gender identity disorder" as a diagnosis. Previously, gender dysphoria had been classified as a form of psychosis or delusion [1]. Societal and medical attitudes toward gender incongruence continue to evolve; however our failure to acknowledge and understand this special patient population for many decades has left us with minimal reliable data from which to guide care. The majority of genital gender confirmation surgery is performed in accordance with the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) Standard of Care guidelines. While there are no standard of care guidelines specific to performing penectomy in the MTF transgender patient, the criteria for irreversible genital surgery include persistent well-documented gender dysphoria, the capacity to make a fully informed decision, age of majority, well controlled comorbid medical or mental health concerns if present and 12 continuous months of hormone therapy as appropriate to the patient's gender goals [2]. Among reported cases of attempted penile amputation in MTF transgender patients, it appears that the initial approach to treatment has been prioritizing structural and functional integrity of the penis, with gender confirmation penectomy being considered at a later time when the patient is stable and the WPATH criteria can be appropriately assessed [3]. Nonetheless, there are no specific guidelines for the management of this scenario and each individual case must be assessed carefully with a multidisciplinary approach. Here we present a case in which a MTF transgender patient presented with an attempted but unsuccessful penile self-amputation. Case history


The material study of the features of early modern printed contents in the calligraphic treatises and arts of writing in Europe revitalizes the scope and significance of its marginal handwritten annotations in order to understand multiple aspects related to the reception and real use of these scriptural learning materials by emulation. As part of a more extensive research, this article focuses on the dialectic between the printed treatise and the multiple imitative handwritten signs of effective use of these examples, which implies a set of practices traditionally considered secondary or of limited importance but which are essential to reconstruct the history of written culture.


This paper introduces the way and programme of compressing a speech ADPCM code from 8 bit to 4 bit, by the technology of adaptive differential pulse modulation in speech waveform coding. The programme is else suited to compress other non-speech signals coding.


We present updated measurements of the [O iii] 88 μm, [C ii] 158 μm, and dust continuum emission from a star-forming galaxy at z = 7.212, SXDF-NB1006-2, by utilizing Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) archival data sets analysed in previous studies and data sets that have not been analysed before. The follow-up ALMA observations with higher angular resolution and sensitivity reveal a clumpy structure of the [O iii] emission on a scale of 0.32–0.85 kpc. We also combined all the ALMA [O iii] ([C ii]) data sets and updated the [O iii] ([C ii]) detection to 5.9σ (3.6σ–4.5σ). The non-detection of [C ii] with data from the REBELS large program implies the incompleteness of spectral-scan surveys using [C ii] to detect galaxies with high star formation rates (SFRs) but marginal [C ii] emission at high-z. The dust continuum at 90 and 160 μm remains undetected, indicating little dust content of <3.9 × 106 M ⊙ (3σ), and we obtained a more stringent constraint on the total infrared luminosity. We updated the [O iii]/[C ii] luminosity ratios to 10.2 ± 4.7 (6.1 ± 3.5) and 20 ± 12 (9.6 ± 6.1) for the 4.5σ and 3.6σ [C ii] detections, respectively, where the ratios in the parentheses are corrected for the surface brightness dimming effect on the extended [C ii] emission. We also found a strong [C ii] deficit (0.6–1.3 dex) between SXDF-NB1006-2 and the mean L [C II]−SFR relation of galaxies at 0 < z < 9.


This paper introduces the security threats to computer network management, and then analyzes the security mechanism of User-based Security Model (USM) of Version 3 of Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv3) in detail. Finally,it presents five issues of SNMPv3 pending further discussion and gives overall evaluation about SNMPv3.


A maximum/minimum principle for weighted W1,2 solutions to the Tricomi problem with L2 right hand side and homogeneous boundary data is established for normal Tricomi domains. In addition, the existence and uniqueness of such generalized solutions is established for arbitrary L2 right hand sides in normal domains which satisfy a convexity condition near the parabolic boundary points.


A number of dipeptides containing C-terminal DL-p-trimethylsilyphenylalanine have been synthesised by the mixed anhydride method and a number containing N-terminal DL-p-trimethylsilylphenylalanine by the carbodiimide method.


A case of eccrine porocarcinoma is reported. An 89-year-old woman had a pigmented tumor with ulceration and crust on her left medial crural region, which had enlarged up to 2cm in diameter during two years. Histologically, the tumor composed of two types of atypical cells, one with dark nucleus and the other with clear nucleus, which showed tubular structure in part. Cytoplasm of the tumor cells contained PAS-positive and diastase-sensitive granules. These findings were compatible with eccrine porocarcinoma.Taking into account the patient's age, we chose combination therapy of radiation with hyperthermia. She received a cource of 10MeV electoron irradiation in a total dose of 60 Gy. Hyperthermia was given one time a week for 5 weeks. After the end of the treatment, the tumor disappeared clinically and the biopsy specimen showed inflammatory cell infiltrate taking place of tumor cells. It is supposed that this combination therapy is beneficial for carcinoma of eccrine glands as well as other skin tumors.


We test whether religious affiliation and participation in religious services are associated with behavior in public goods and trust games. Overall, religious affiliation is unrelated to individual behavior. However, we find some weak evidence that among subjects attending religious services, increased participation is associated with behavior in both public goods and trust games.


Abstract: The parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which causes toxoplasmosis, one of the most common parasitic infections of humans and other warmblooded animals, is described and methods of detection and control are explored. Common routes of human infection, such as ingesting food or water contaminated with sporulated oocysts from infected cat feces or tissue cysts in undercooked meat are identified. Because the resulting meat products contain tissue cysts, which can then infect consumers, animal management measures such as biosecure confinement housing, are important in reducing the levels of infection in animals destined for human consumption.


Generally, diversification of enterprises' production flow effects the selective preference of energy saving and consumption reducing project. This paper disintegrates enterprises' production flow, applies the factor analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to implement the selective preference of energy saving and consumption reducing project. A power plant case is presented at the end of the paper to illustrate the proposed model.


This paper expounds the difference between methodology of Das Capital and that of western economy from four perspectives:the philosophical basis,the evolution process of methodology of western economy,scientific abstract method and phenomenal abstract method,critical theory of capitalist production mode and defensive theory of capitalism.Meanwhile,there are some common features in them,for example,both focus on the combination of empirical analysis and normative analysis and involve the overlapping of the system analysis.


The vase life of rose cut flowers was determined by various Physiological factors that determine the rate of their senescence. The vase life of the rose cut flowers studied was pronged by the 8-HQS treatment. The best concentration was 100 ppm, when combined with sucrose 3% gave negative effect. AgNO3 in different concentration, significantly Result in maximum vase life compared to other treatment, while sucrose recorded the lowest vase life especially under lower concentration. The percent of wilting was minimized as a result of using this treatment . However the percent of wiling increased .With the increasing in concentration of 8-HQS , that wilting occurred after 10,8 and 7days of vase life for 100,200, and of 8-HQS in rose. The longest period to reach percent of wilting was obtained by AgNO3 at 30ppm13 days for rose. The best treatment of each chemical retarded the chlorophyll as well as carbohydrate degradation during postharvest life. These physiological processes are connected to cut flower longevity and quality.


The application of information technology to improve public health programs has gained increased attention in recent years. This paper discusses an informatics-facilitated evaluation program for a federally supported vulnerable population registration system (also known as the 2-1-1 registration system) for emergency preparedness and response in the Gulf Coast region of Texas. This program is part of a larger project, "HealthQuilt," which is an evaluation of the Harris County catchment area using emerging web-based technologies. The goal of this project is to assess registration system use, with a focus on how to use the information to improve enrollment in ZIP codes with low registration. We created three interactive map displays of 2-1-1 registrants and the location of participating clinics using a geo-reference service on the Google mapping system (a free web-based geospatial map service). The results show geographically diverse distributions of 2-11 registrants by ZIP code in relation to collaborating clinics in greater Houston. These displays provide potential insight into recruitment of service providers to meet the needs of registrants. This project presents a potential prototype system for monitoring the progress of 2-1-1 enrollment in the target area and for increasing the number of registrants. The lessons learned may provide a valuable reference for other jurisdictions with similar needs in implementing informatics in public health preparedness for vulnerable populations.


1. Introduction Design of Experiments forms a fascinating branch of Statistics, which owes its origin to agricultural experiments. During 1930's to 1950's there have been major contributions from Fisher and his co-workers in the development of classical theory of design of experiments. Last five decades have witnessed a quantum jump in the development of this branch of Statistics. A careful glance in classical theory reveals that the designs developed have inherent simplicity, which helps in analyzing the data easily. The principal reason for this was lack of computational facilities available in the earlier days. The emphasis on simplicity, with the advent of high-speed computers, shifted to designs, which have some statistical properties or are optimal in some statistical sense. The optimal design theory has been developed under various assumptions like homoscedasticity, independence and normality of errors, etc. The optimal design theory assumes absence from disturbances like missing observations, outlying observations or inadequacy of assumed model, etc. These assumptions may, however, be violated in real life; thus rendering even an optimal design poor. In order to overcome such a situation we have to think of designs, which are insensitive or robust against such disturbances. It may be emphasized that in the literature robustness has been defined with reference to a particular disturbance and broadly speaking the following disturbances have been identified which tend to spoil the ideal structure of the design. (i) Presence of one or more outliers, (ii) Missing data, (iii) Systematic trend in blocks in a block design, (iv) Model inadequacy, (v) Disturbance due to mechanical handling like interchange and exchange of treatments. A design d is said to be robust against one or more of the above disturbances if it remains insensitive to presence of one or more of the above disturbances in terms of design properties. For a review on robust designs one may refer to Dey, Srivastava and Gupta (1991). Consider a design d having some property 'A'. Let d * be the resulting design after some disturbance(s) η has taken place. Then the design d is said to be robust against disturbance η if d * possesses property A .For example suppose a design d is connected i.e., all the elementary treatment contrasts are estimable, then the design d 1 obtained after losing some observation(s) remains connected then we say that the design d is robust against loss of observation(s) as per the connectedness property …


Background We conducted a case-control study to assess the relative safety and efficacy of minimally invasive endoscopic surgery (MIS) for clot evacuation in patients with basal-ganglia intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Methods We evaluated consecutive patients with acute basal-ganglia ICH at a single center over a 42-month period. Patients received either best medical management according to established guidelines (controls) or MIS (cases). The following outcomes were compared before and after propensity-score matching (PSM): in-hospital mortality; discharge National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score; discharge disposition; and modified Rankin Scale scores at discharge and at 3 months. Results Among 224 ICH patients, 19 (8.5%) underwent MIS (mean age, 50.9±10.9; 26.3% female, median ICH volume, 40 (IQR, 25–51)). The interventional cohort was younger with higher ICH volume and stroke severity compared with the medically managed cohort. After PSM, 18 MIS patients were matched to 54 medically managed individuals. The two cohorts did not differ in any of the baseline characteristics. The median ICH volume at 24 hours was lower in the intervention group (40 cm3 (IQR, 25–50) vs 15 cm3 (IQR, 5–20); P<0.001). The two cohorts did not differ in any of the pre-specified outcomes measures except for in-hospital mortality, which was lower in the interventional cohort (28% vs 56%; P=0.041). Conclusions Minimally invasive endoscopic hematoma evacuation was associated with lower rates of in-hospital mortality in patients with spontaneous basal-ganglia ICH. These findings support a randomized controlled trial of MIS versus medical management for ICH.


In this paper we analyze the position of women in the social life of the Toba Batak community, in influencing others to do something called a leader. In the context of such thinking, the author wants to see why women in Toba Batak have not experienced development in leadership and want to elaborate on the process of socio-cultural transmigration in Batak Bangso especially Batak Toba in political, social and cultural aspects, the majority of whose leaders are men. This paper uses a descriptive-analytic approach and with a qualitative approach. The results of the study mentioned that women experience gender inequality which is characterized by the occurrence of subordination (numbering) and marginalization of Batak women. In the field of politics, the ideal leadership is always measured from a men's perspective, so that the position of women is increasingly weak in their interaction with the surrounding community. Domestication and marginalization of women in the public sphere seems to have been exhausted and enjoyed by women because they are educated and live in a patriarchal culture by believing and believing in diverting religious teachings that are understood in a discriminatory way, and perpetuating women's alienation.


The purpose of the research was to access bacterial activity from swamp plant extract of Eleocharis dulcis against Bacillus subilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholera. The phytochemical compounds of ethanol extract of Eleocharis dulcis were tannins, flavonoids and triterpenoids. Phytochemical compounds of ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts were flavonoids and triterpenoids. The maximum antibacterial activity the all of solvents in 2.000 ppm concentration. The bacterial activity of Eleocharis dulcis extract against Bacillus subtilis higher than that of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio cholera.


Comparative experiments on four cultivars of balsam pear(Momordica charantia) were carried out in the plastic house in winter-spring crop in Nanning. The results were as follows:Chunfeng 40 had higher yield than Chunfeng 45,Guangxitexuan 2 and Guangxidarou 2. Chunfeng 40 blossomed early. The joint of the first female flower of Chunfeng 40 was lower. Chunfeng 40 had high resistance to diseases and pests, and higher single fruit weight.


Considering the travel character of travelers, attr ibu e of travelers and the original attribute of transportation modes, and searching the travel c ost and travel time of private cars and public buses, this paper sets up a logistic model to inves tigate the travelers' behavior in Ho Chi Minh city. Specifically, the significance level used in this model is 0.05. Through this model, it shows that the major factors affecting the behavior of tr aveler are travel distance, the difference of travel cost between cars and buses, the cost of con gestion, the parking fee of cars, the difference of time between cars and buses, and the time for tr avelers to reach the bus stops on foot. Furthermore, this model indicates that by increasin g the fuel fee, parking fee and congestion fee, less travelers would choose cars as their travel to ol.


Snow cover and glaciers in the Himalaya play a major role in the generation of stream flow in south Asia. Various studies have suggested that the glaciers in the Himalaya are in general condition of retreat. The snowline is also found to be retreating. While there are relatively more studies on glaciers fluctuation in the Himalaya, studies on snow cover is relatively sparse. In this study, snow cover and glacier fluctuation in the Nepalese Himalaya were studied using remote sensing techniques and geographic information system. The study was carried out in two spatial scales: catchments scale and national scale. In catchments scale two catchments: Langtang and Khumbu were studied. Intermittent medium resolution satellite imageries (Landsat) were used to study the fluctuation in snow cover and glacier area in the two catchments. In the national scale study coarse resolution (MODIS) imageries were used to derive seasonal variations in snow cover. An indication of decreasing trend in snow cover is shown by this study, although this result needs verification with more data. The snowline elevation is in general higher in Khumbu compared to Langtang. In both catchments, snowline elevation are higher in east, south-east, south and south-west aspects. The areas of snow cover in those aspects are also greater. The study provides the first multi-year temporal variation in snow cover extent in Nepal. According to the analysis of MODIS data, the snow cover extent over the country is highest during late winter and spring, while it is lowest during summer monsoon season. The snow cover area shows dynamic nature and the variability during late winter and spring is quite large. The snow covered territory of Nepal was divided into four subsections: east, central, west and far-west, and snow line elevations for these subsections were derived from MODIS data. Generally, the snowline elevation is lower in the west than in the east, although the central region shows relatively lower snowline elevation, not following the general zonal trend. Key Words: Snow cover; glacier fluctuation; satellite imageries; trend; snowline DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jhm.v6i1.5481 Journal of Hydrology and Meteorology , Vol. 6, No. 1 26-36


Much attention has been paid to the diagonal flips in maximal planar graphs. In this paper, we firstly focus on the properties of the unflippable edges in maximal planar graphs, and propose the concept of K4-embedding. Also, we prove that for a maximal planar graph G with order n(⋝ 5), an edge e ∊ E(G) is unflippable if and only if e is either incident to a 3-degree vertex or a supporting edge of a K4-embedding. Secondly, we give the necessary and sufficient condition for a maximal planar graph G has a given number of flippable edges. Finally, we show a general algorithm of the enumeration of flippable edges in maximal planar graphs by the extending-contracting operational system, with the time complexity of O(n2).


Vol. 36, No. 3 (2004) BioTechniques 409 The process of microsatellite development and profiling involves three primary steps: (i) isolating regions of genomic DNA that contain microsatellite loci; (ii) developing strategies for screening each locus, which requires designing primers for amplification, optimizing reaction conditions, and screening for variation; and (iii) genotyping sampled individuals. The protocols for cloning genomic DNA and isolating microsatellite loci have previously been based on those of Sambrook et al. (1) and Rassman et al. (2). However, recent techniques have been developed that greatly streamline this process and reduce the time and money involved in cloning and isolating microsatellite loci (3). Significant methodological and technical advances have also streamlined the process of genotyping individuals. This revolution began when fluorescent molecules replaced radioisotopes as the primary method of labeling DNA fragments for visualization in sequencing analyses (4). Moreover, fluorescent techniques are safer because they remove the need for radioisotopes. Although methodological advances have recently occurred in the first and third steps of microsatellite development and profiling, the process of screening markers for polymorphisms has changed little, and this step has become limiting. To reduce the time and cost and increase the safety involved in screening microsatellites for polymorphisms, several nonradioactive methods have been developed (5–8). However, these techniques still represent additional costs because they require the use of equipment that is unnecessary for other steps in fluorescent-based microsatellite development and profiling. Purchasing fluorescently labeled primers for this step is not economical due to the large cost involved in labeling primers with fluorescent molecules and because a portion of the loci will not be polymorphic. Therefore, a method for screening microsatellite markers for polymorphisms using unlabeled primers and fluorescent detection systems is necessary to reduce the cost and further streamline the process of microsatellite analysis. Here we describe a method for screening microsatellite markers for polymorphisms using unlabeled primers, an ABI PTM 377 automated DNA sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA), and the DNA stain SYBR® Green I (Cambrex, Rockland, ME, USA). Right whale (Eubalaena sp.) samples used to develop this technique were collected as previously described (9), and DNA extraction also followed previously described protocols (10). PCR amplification of the dinucleotide microsatellite loci TextVet19, TextVet20 (11), and RW31 (12) was performed on individuals whose genotypes had previously been determined using the methRapid screening of microsatellite markers for polymorphisms using SYBR® Green I and a DNA sequencer


Substance P (SP), some of its C-terminal fragments and some of its homologues (physalaemin and eledoisin) are hypotensive in rats anaesthetised with urethane, vasodilators in isolated rabbit hearts, i


Power semiconductor device having a heat-conducting base plate (1), a printed circuit board (1a), which is bonded by a bonding material to the base plate (1), an electronic component (6) which is mounted on the printed circuit board (1a), and a to the base plate (1) fixed to the outer casing (7), wherein the base plate (1) and the outer housing (7) together form a portion of the internal accommodation of the electronic component (6), wherein the circuit board (1a) an electrically insulating plate (2) and an attached by bonding metal plate (3a, 3b) on both sides of the insulating plate, and the sum of the thicknesses of the metal plates (3a, 3b) is in a range of 0.9 mm to 2.2 mm and the minimum thickness of the bonding material by means of spacing elements is maintained so that it is not less than 50 microns.


an inadequate response to biologics may reach 30% in psoriasis patients.1,2 In other inflammatory diseases, a positive effect of adding methotrexate (MTX) to adalimumab has been reported.3,4 In this real-world, Canadian multicenter, single-arm, phase IIIb, open-label study, sub-optimal responders who have been receiving adalimumab for ≥16 weeks, who had a Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) ≥ 3 and Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) ≥ 5, continued to self-administer adalimumab (40 mg every other week). Oral MTX was added (10 to 25 mg per week as per investigator's decision and could vary throughout the length of study) as well as folic acid (1-mg tablet daily) for 24 weeks.


Absrrocr-Sets of engineering coefficients have been obtained from least-squares fits of simple functions using as input data the involved computations of the edge- and planar-stress effects in quartz thickness mode plates. The fitting coefficients contain the biasing strain and nonlinear elasticity information, yet are suited for engineering applications. AU three thickness modes with orientations on the upper c-mode zero temperature coefficient locus are treated. New values for the thennoelastic coefficients of quartz are also obtained.


In recent years,the remediation technologies for soil and underwater contaminated by DNAPLs have developed rapidly in Europe and America.The research advances in magration mechanism and remidiation technologies for underground soil and aquifers contamination by DNAPLs were reviewed in this paper,and relevant foreground of the technologies was prospected.


The magnetic behavior of a chain of N disks are investigated. The critical field Hcri for the discontinuous jump of the magnetization and the coercive force Hc for the fanning mechanism, and the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy constant Ku are estimated as a function of N, the aspect ratio of the disks, and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant K1. By comparing the MH loops calculated and the experiments, the values of K1 and N are obtained for an assembly with random orientation of Ba ferrite particles. This value of K1 agrees well with the experimental results obtained by Fujiwara [IEEE Trans. Magn. MAG‐23, 3125 (1987)].


Multi-wavelength distributed feedback laser array based tunable semiconductor lasers have been widely used owing to their high mode stability and simple tuning scheme. Comparing with the in-parallel laser array, the in-series one can avoid a large power loss caused by the optical combiner. However, the single-mode stability of an in-series laser array is vulnerable to the reflections of other lasers. Here we experimentally demonstrated a tunable in-series laser array with high single-mode stability and high uniformity of wavelength spacing. To reduce the impact of such reflections, the Bragg gratings in different lasers were designed in phase, and the grating phase error was reduced by utilizing the reconstruction-equivalent-chirp technique. Besides, a three-section laser structure was applied in each laser to increase the priority of the dominant lasing mode. Four lasers with small wavelength-spacings of 2.5 nm were integrated in the in-series laser array. According to the measurement results of 40 in-series laser arrays (160 lasers), wavelength deviations of 90.6% lasers were within ±0.2 nm, average wavelength spacings of 97.5% of the measured laser arrays were deviated from the design within ±0.2 nm, and SMSRs of 96.3% lasers were above 45 dB. The output power was above 25 mW and the relative intensity noise was below −130 dB/Hz. Like the in-parallel laser array, the proposed laser array can be applied in either continuous wavelength tuning or fast channel switching. For the continuous wavelength tuning applications, the 10-nm tuning range was obtained with a temperature tuning range of less than 20 °C. For the fast channel switching applications, four channels with 2.5-nm spacing are available, and the switching time between two channels was less than 300 ns.


Since 2013, the LHCb collaboration extended its physics programme to the study of ion collisions. Thanks to its unique tracking and PID capabilities in the forward rapidity region, the LHCb detector can provide important results on heavy flavour production in proton-lead and lead-lead collisions at LHC. Moreover, LHCb has the unique capability to operate in a fixed-target configuration and study proton and ion-beam induced reactions on gaseous targets. In the following, we report on the results and performances on open and hidden heavy-flavour hadron production in proton-lead, lead-proton and lead-lead collisions, recorded in collider mode, and in proton-nucleus collisions, recorded in fixed target mode.


It is considered that a long‐acting therapy would be advantageous in the treatment of addiction. In a search for novel buprenorphine analogues, thienorphine was demonstrated to be an extremely long‐acting orally active partial opioid agonist. This study explored the mechanisms underlying the long‐lasting effects of thienorphine.


The existence of the COVID-19 virus has various impacts, one of which is a psychological impact. The studies that included were presented the results of depression, anxiety, and stress levels in the general population. The aim of this study is to establish the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on depression, anxiety, and stress in several countries worldwide. This study was a review based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). A systematic search was carried out to obtain relevant articles from PubMed and Google Scholar. The inclusion criteria in this study are using the cross-sectional method, assessing the mental health status of the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic, and using DASS-21 as the instrument. Whereas the exclusion criteria are the full text is not available, using a language other than English, and focusing on certain sample groups. In total, 3.547 publications were identified, of which 14 were included in this study. The various populations from Bahrain, Brazil, China, Philippines, India, Iran, Iraq, Italy, Pakistan, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Serbia and Vietnam were found in this study. The different prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress were obtained. Several factors that might influence the difference were gender, age, occupation, physical and mental health status from each individual. Gender, age, occupation, physical and mental health status impacted the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms.


Early Middle Age textile remains are few in the Carpathian Basin; moreover, most are impregnated by corrosion and poorly preserved. A systematic collection and evaluation of the related findings, however, might provide the research on fashion, commerce, and funerary rites with a valuable contribution. Coffin-related nails, metal fittings, and decorative mounts from Avar Period graves represent an interesting source of information, as their surfaces often preserved remains or imprints of textiles, thus indicating (by their relative positions in the graves) the covering of the coffins with sheets of fabric. This custom was present in Inner Asia, appearing in burials of the Xiongnu and the Chinese, but also in coeval Europe (see, for example, graves of the Frank and Italian elite); besides, examples can also be cited from the ethnographic record. In summary, covering the coffin with sheets or lining them with silk was in practice at many times and places and cannot be linked only to distinct peoples or areas. While the available analogies suggest that the textiles used for funerary purposes were usually expensive, the examples from the Carpathian Basin are not related to elite burials.


Multi-megapixel cameras are transforming airborne video surveillance by enabling persistent imaging of extremely large areas while providing sufficient pixel density to resolve both vehicles and pedestrians. The sheer spatial and temporal volume of data has rendered human scanning of expansive images for miniscule moving objects intractable, underscoring the importance of automated detection and tracking systems. Existing algorithms, however, are generally designed for stationary cameras and moderately-sized objects. This paper presents one of the first systems for reliably detecting and tracking low-resolution objects of varying size and shape in challenging wide-area aerial video. Significant contributions include a simple, fast approach for robust motion detection with parallax handling; spatial-temporal filtering for quickly discarding spurious detections; adaptive shape learning for unusually-shaped objects; and multi-cue fusion for state evolution that enables tracking through confusion, occlusions, and stops. Our system is highly efficient and parallelizable, processing 1-megapixel image streams in real time on a single CPU core. Experiments on a variety of data sets demonstrate that the system outperforms more traditional detection and tracking approaches, and is able to find pedestrians missed by human ground truthers despite tiny size, poor contrast, and surrounding clutter.1


Lognormal-Rician random variables (RV) can model large-scale and small-scale fading, line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight channels in wireless communications. However, the versatile stochastic tool is mathematically intractable for correlated cases. In this work, we derive closed-form expressions for the outage probabilities of diversity receptions over dual-branch lognormal-Rician fading channels with arbitrary correlation at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The analytical results show that the lognormal RV and the Rician RV, respectively, contribute an exponential factor and a fractional factor to the outage probability expressions. Some important insights are revealed based on the elegant expressions. For example, negative correlation between the lognormal RVs can suppress the outage probability, and the phase of the complex correlation coefficient between the accompanying Gaussian RVs in the Rician channels can significantly influence the performance.


This study concerns the failure mechanism of a lead-free SAC305 solder joint under the isothermal bending fatigue condition. For this, series of bending fatigue tests are carried out with the variations of bending displacement and frequency, and FEM analysis is conducted to examine the relationship between mechanical behavior of a solder joint and fatigue life cycle. The results of this investigation suggest that the isothermal fatigue of a solder joint is strongly affected by plastic deformation process of SAC solder. It is found that the failure life cycle 'Nf' fits well to the model suggested by Coffin-Manson, that is Nf ∼ (Δεp)−2.3. This result indicates that fatigue failure is determined by accumulation of damage by plastic deformation of solder. The fractography of a solder joint also supports our conclusion because crack is found to propagate along the solder matrix near to IMC interface.


We compare the performance of Islamic and conventional stock returns in Saudi Arabia in order to determine whether the Saudi market exhibits characteristics that are consistent with segmented markets and investor recognition effects. We sample the daily stock returns of all Saudi firms from September 2002 to 2015 and calculate important measures, including idiosyncratic volatility (Ang et al, 2006), market integration (Pukthuanthong and Roll, 2009), systematic turnover (Loughran and Schultz, 2005), and stock turnover and liquidity (Amihud, 2002). Integration tests report that Islamic stocks are more sensitive to changes in global and local macroeconomic variables than conventional stocks, supporting the hypothesis that the Islamic and conventional stock markets are segmented in Saudi Arabia. In addition, our results show that Islamic stocks have a broader investor base, lower idiosyncratic risk, higher systematic turnover, and are more liquid than conventional stocks, which support the investor recognition hypothesis. Our results provide new evidence on asset pricing in emerging markets, the evolving Islamic financial markets, and the potential impact of other implicit market barriers on global financial markets.


Despite the emergence of YAP as an important regulator of cell proliferation and oncogenesis, a clear picture of the relationship between YAP localization dynamics and downstream transcription is missing. Using live-cell imaging of CRISPR-knockin breast epithelial lines, we show that YAP displays dramatic spatial resets characterized by bulk exit from the nucleus followed by re-entry. These localization resets were upregulated by inhibiting Src-kinase and dampened by Ras transformation. After monolayer wounding, we found that edge-cells exhibited a synchronized localization reset. Lastly, induction of store-operated Ca2+ release and chromatin condensation during mitosis were found to also cause YAP localization resets. We relate these spatiotemporal YAP localization changes to transcriptional outputs from endogenous YAP targets using nascent-transcription reporter-cassette knockins. Maximal transcriptional responses were strictly correlated to the induction of localization resets through targeting Src-kinase, inducing Ca2+ release, and mitosis. By blocking the response to Ca2+ release using a PKC inhibitor, we show that the large transcriptional response is dependent on the ability of YAP to transiently localize to the cytoplasm. We found that Ras transformation, which suppressed YAP localization resets, caused upregulated import and export, reduced overall chromatin binding, and increased target gene expression. Untransformed cells, on the other hand, show relatively high nuclear retention through increased binding and slower nuclear export. This suggests that Ras transformation allows an escape from the compartmentalization-based control shown in untransformed cells. Our results suggest a new perspective on YAP-dependent transcription, revealed through the application of real-time imaging of native YAP dynamics and nascent transcription of YAP target genes. This abstract is also being presented as Poster A21. Citation Format: Matt Franklin, Raja Ghosh, Quanming Shi, Jan Liphardt. Spatial resets modulate YAP-dependent transcription [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Hippo Pathway: Signaling, Cancer, and Beyond; 2019 May 8-11; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(8_Suppl):Abstract nr PR02.


This paper presents the improvement of intrinsic carrier concentrations in the active layer of solar cell structure using Indium Nitride quantum dot as the active layer material. We have analyzed effective density of states in conduction band and valance band of the solar cell numerically using Si, Ge and InN quantum dot in the active layer of the solar cell structure in order to improve the intrinsic carrier concentration within the active layer of the solar cell. Then obtained numerical results were compared. From the comparison results it has been revealed that the application of InN quantum dot in the active layer of the device structure improves the effective density of states both in conduction band and in the valance band. Consiquently the intrinsic carrier concentration has been improved significently by using InN quantum dot in the solart cell structure.


This study aims to elaborate on the solution the pesantren economic community takes in dealing with the penetration of market capitalism in the competitive era. This case study was conducted in Pesantren Al Ittifaq Bandung. Pesantren can successfully build a strong economic community through integrated education implementation including role modeling, facilitation, empowerment, and economic culturing in social capital-based communities. This article concluded that high consciousness of cooperation can improve competitiveness and be an appropriate strategy to oppose market capitalism penetration. The community's capital asset leads to bargaining position and independence in partnership cooperation thereby can be beneficial and results in welfare. Keywords: pesantren , economic community, social capital, capital asset, cooperation, welfare


Women tend to be the main users of health services. However going to a doctor or clinic intimidates many women. Health care workers can be extremely rude and the more rural or uneducated the woman the more strained the relationship can be. One doctor and one nurse at the Womens Health Project in Johannesburg South Africa have been conducting workshops for healthcare workers in South Africa and with World Health Organization support in Senegal Mozambique Uganda and Zambia. The objective is to get participants thinking about womens status in society and how that affects their relationship with health workers. Poetry was used to highlight womens lives in rural areas. As the readings described the nature of womens lives to the health workers connections to problems faced by the workers were quick to emerge. Workshops also dealt with the concept of a womans unmet needs and health care workers places of work. While not confronting family planning providers the workshops have enabled them to recognize ways in which they may have failed to provide such support and ways in which they may correct that failing in the future.


Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), which couple glutamate to second messengers, have important roles in the regulation of movement by the basal ganglia. We used two polyclonal antisera to mGluR1a and mGluR2/3 and confocal laser microscopy to investigate the localization of these receptors in the basal ganglia of the rat. The mGluRs were visualized in combination with an antibody to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), an antibody to microtubule‐associated protein 2 (MAP2, a dendritic marker), or SV2 (an antibody to a protein associated with presynaptic terminals). In the neostriatum, punctate mGluR1a immunoreactivity (ir) was present in the neuropil. This staining did not colocalize with MAP2‐ir or SV2‐ir and was not altered by decortication or unilateral 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA) lesions. In the globus pallidus and substantia nigra pars reticulata, however, mGluR1a‐ir was tightly clustered along large MAP2‐ir dendrites. In contrast to the variations in mGluR1a‐ir staining, similar punctate neuropil mGluR2/3‐ir staining was observed within all basal ganglia structures. In the neostriatum, these puncta were abundant; unlike mGluR1a, many mGluR2/3‐ir puncta colocalized with SV2‐ir, and striatal mGluR2/3‐ir puncta were markedly reduced in number after decortication. Neither mGluR1a‐ir nor mGluR2/3‐ir could be detected in TH‐ir soma within substantia nigra pars compacta, or in TH‐ir striatal terminals.


In induction graphs methods such as C4.51 or SIPINA2, taking continuous attributes into account needs particular discretization procedures. In this paper, we propose on the one hand, an axiomatic leading to a set of criteria which can be used for continuous attributes discretization, and on the other hand, a method of discretization called FUSINTER. The results obtained by FUSINTER are compared to those obtained by techniques developed by Fayyad and Irani3 and Kerber4 and they have proved better for the majority of the examples studied.


The family Mesorhabditidae Andrássy, 1976 is the most abundant group in Rhabditoidea and occurs all over the world. Over 85 valid species have been reported from Mesorhabditidae; however, only 2 species have been recorded in South Korea. In this study, Bursilla vernalis Andrássy, 1982, Mesorhabditis inarimensis (Meyl, 1953) Dougherty, 1955, and M. minuta Boström, 1991 belonging to the family Mesorhabditidae (Rhabditomorpha), are newly reported from South Korea. Species in this family are distinguished from other rhabditomorphs by a posteriorly located vulva and an unpaired prevulval female gonad. Details of the morphological characters and morphometrics of B. vernalis, M. inarimensis, and M. minuta are described and illustrated based on optical and/or scanning electron microscopy.


Enterprise systems are commonly implemented by firms through outsourcing arrangements with software vendors. However, deriving benefits from these implementations has proved to be a challenge, and a great deal of variation has been observed in the extent of value generated for client and vendor firms. This research examines the role of co-specialization as a strategy to make the most out of outsourced enterprise systems. The authors develop hypotheses relating resource co-specialization with two indicators of success for implementation of enterprise software: (1) exchange success and (2) firm growth.,The hypotheses are tested using a unique panel data set of 175 firms adopting Advanced Planning and Scheduling (APS) software, a type of enterprise system used for managing manufacturing and logistics. The authors identify organizational factors that support co-specialization and then examine how co-specialization is associated with enterprise software implementation success, controlling for the endogenous choice to co-specialize.,The empirical results suggest that resource co-specialization is positively associated with implementation success and that the two resource co-specialization pathways that are examined complement each other in providing performance benefits.,This paper contributes to the research literature on outsourcing. The study also provides a new empirical test using a unique data set of 175 firms adopting APS Software.


It ought to be possible in this twentieth century for the scientific man to believe in religion in the same way in which he believes in education: not half-heartedly and quizzically, but positively and constructively. Just as there are many metaphysical questions which can be raised concerning education, which admittedly cannot yet be given final answers, but which, nevertheless, the scientific man does not concern himself about but goes on with the work of education as if they were settled, so, too, there are metaphysical questions concerning religion to which as yet no one would pretend that final answers could be given, but which need not hinder the most scientific-minded man from taking a practical and constructive interest in religious activities. Our faith in education, for example, as being able to shape, more or less, the destiny of the individual and of society implies that this is not a rigid universe, held in the iron grasp of blind forces acting even in the most distant past. Education, in other words, implies not only a modifiable human nature and human society, but also that such modifications can be intelligently planned and executed; in short, that consciousness in the highest form of which we know, the human reason, can and does control, to some extent, human life. Now no one thinks that it is necessary to demonstrate this metaphysical view before one can have a practical faith in the