An absolute measurement of the rate coefficient for dielectronic recombination (DR) of C{sup 3+}, via the 2{ital s}-2{ital p} core excitation, in an external electric field of 11.4{plus_minus}0.9(1{sigma}) Vcm{sup {minus}1} is presented. An inclined-beam arrangement is used and the stabilizing photons at {approximately}155 nm are detected in delayed coincidence with the recombined ions. The full width at half maximum of the electron energy spread in the ion rest frame is 1.74{plus_minus}0.22(1{sigma}) eV. The measured DR rate, at a mean electron energy of 8.26{plus_minus}0.07(1{sigma}) eV, is (2.76{plus_minus}0.75){times}10{sup {minus}10} cm{sup 3}s{sup {minus}1}. The uncertainty quoted for the DR rate is the total uncertainty, systematic and statistical, at the 1{sigma} level. In comparing the present results to theory, a semiempirical formula is used to determine which recombined ion states are ionized by the 4.65 kVcm{sup {minus}1} fields in the final-charge-state analyzer and not detected. For the present results, any DR of the incident electrons into {ital n} levels greater than 44 is assumed to be field ionized in the final-charge-state analyzer. A more precise treatment of field ionization, which includes the lifetime of the C{sup 2+} ions before they are ionized and the time evolution and rotation of the fields experienced by themore » recombined ions, is needed before a definitive comparison between experiment and theory can be made. Our DR measurement, within the limits of that approach, agrees reasonably well with an intermediate coupling calculation that uses an isolated resonance, single-configuration approximation, but does not agree with pure {ital LS}-coupling calculations. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}« less


By using perturbation formula in the rectangular cavity resonator and combining with quasi-static approximation, this paper derives the equivalent series reactance and parallel susceptance of the small conducting foreign body in the rectangular waveguides, and also derives the expressions of its reflection coefficient, transmission phase displacement and power carrying capacity reduction, the expressions shows that it is suitable in experiment.


Coronary blood flow was measured by the nitrous oxide method, and cardiac output was measured by the Fick principle, in a series of 31 human subjects with the clinical diagnosis of angina pectoris. Coronary arteriography was carried out on the same subjects as a part of the same procedure, and the extent and severity of the coronary artery lesions was determined. A numerical value was assigned to the severity of the coronary artery disease, an attempt was made to correlate the severity of coronary artery disease with the measured coronary blood flow and with various hemodynamic parameters which traditionally describe the systemic and pulmonary circulation. There was no correlation between any of the parameters measured and the severity of coronary artery disease demonstrated by angiography. It is concluded, therefore, that the nitrous oxide method for measuring coronary blood flow is not helpful in separating subjects with normal coronary arteries from those with coronary artery disease, nor are resting hemodynamic observations helpful.Maximum flow through the coronary arteries of the dog heart was measured by postmortem perfusion. This flow rate is sufficient to provide a considerable factor of safety as far as constriction of the major coronary arteries is concerned. If these data are extrapolated to the coronary vessels of man, it would seem that a very large "safety factor" exists, and this may explain why severe coronary disease is not revealed by studies of coronary blood flow.


The purpose of this paper is to assess the need for application of automatic vehicle location to the Cairo Transport Authority bus fleet. Applying an automatic vehicle location system will improve public transport productivity, efficiency and safety. Five Cairo Transport Authority bus depots have been selected for the system implementation. The total cost of the system is estimated as 5 018 992. Economic benefits of the system are estimated as well as its social benefits. Three scenarios of Cairo Transport Authority revenue increase are analysed. Results indicate a payback for the system within 3–15 years. A proposed score system has been applied for setting priorities to bus routes for automatic vehicle location application based on bus operating indicators. Three stages have been identified with first, second and third priority based on the discriminant analysis classification method. The power of the discriminant classification method has been checked through Wilks' Lambda value which was found to be 0...


In order to increase the hit rate of the BOF endpoint,a static model of converter steelmaking was established using radial basis function neural network.Quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization has better global search capability,but gradient descent method has better local search capability.To be able to play the advantages of the two algorithms,a combination of training methods was proposed,to train the radial basis function neural network.Stimulation was done based on the historical data of a steel plant,so as to compare the combination method and non-combination methods.The results indicate that the analysis improves prediction accuracy of the converter end C content and temperature.


To explore the construction and management of first aid and emergency work in college communities through analyzing the experience from one successful treated case of acute myocardial infarction with complicated cardiogenic shock.We come to the conclusion that strengthening the self-construction of health service institutions in colleges and making full use of social medical and health resources are effective ways to improve the medical and health services in college communities so as to ensure the medical quality of emergency treatment.


A description of several forms of laboratory study is given, and the major educational objectives likely to be attained via each mode analysed. Current practice of laboratory work in British undergraduate electrical engineering courses is then reviewed. The published methods of assessment of these study modes are considered, and the problems of value judgments of human qualities as well as intellectual skill development are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to the project method and the difficulties of this approach for both staff and students, particularly if this approach is to become an increasingly important component of study methods, are examined.


ABSTRACT An ongoing struggle to discern patterns of allegiance in the Civil Wars has emerged as a geographic enterprise, whose constructions of England's 'wild' West in particular need careful re-evaluation. 'Dark Corners' examines the major twentieth-century theories of an East/West divide within England – in relationship to one another, to modern quantitative geography's various models of civil war in general, and to seventeenth-century geographical writing and cartography. It goes on to suggest a new study of regional patterning of active royalism vis-a-vis the education, educational activities, regional origins and migration patterns of the clergy of the Church of England, who are perhaps as unique in their susceptibility to geographical analysis as in their role in the public communication of ideas.


The African Epic Controversy is as much about interpreting the enanga epic tradition of the Bahaya people of Tanzania and making it available to a wider public, as it is about defining the African epic. The enanga tradition gets its name from its accompaniment: a 7/8 string trough zither that is also found in many other communities in East and Central Africa. The enanga tradition is from pre-colonial times, probably dating back 500-1000 years. The book, which is based largely on the writer's doctoral thesis, provides a comprehensive synthesis and critique of the various arguments in the African epic controversy that Ruth Finnegan unleashed by her claim (1970: 108-110) that the epic does not seem to exist in sub-Saharan African literatures. Using four enanga poems recorded between 1974 and 1983: Mugasha, Rukiza, Kachwenyenja and Mugangala, all heroic narratives depicting the exploits of historical, legendary, fictitious and mythological heroes, kings, noblemen and women, Mugyabuso Mulokozi both supports the argument that the epic exists in Africa and illustrates the characteristics of that epic.


Since the early 1980s pain has been recognised in neonates. Much research has been performed over the years into the analgesic effect of sucrose administered for painful procedures performed on the neonate and infant. Studies have reported the endogenous effect of sucrose when used in conjunction with non-nutritive sucking (pacifiers). Sucrose is routinely administered to neonates and infants in the US either on its own or as an adjunct to other pharmacological interventions post-operatively.


Angiogenesis is critical for cardiovascular function, however, insufficient or excessive angiogenesis has been implicated in various diseases. Although both soluble (VEGF) and mechanical factors regulate angiogenesis, most of the studies on angiogenesis are focused on targeting soluble signaling. We have recently shown that mechanosensitive ion channel TRPV4 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 4) negatively regulates angiogenesis via modulation of Rho/Rho kinase‐dependent endothelial mechanosensing. We also found that pharmacological activation of TRPV4 normalized abnormal tumor vasculature and improved cancer therapy. However, it is not known if there is a cross‐talk exists between TRPV4 and VEGF signaling. To explore this cross‐talk, we knocked down TRPV4 in human endothelial cells and measured VEGFR2 expression, localization and phosphorylation. We found a significant increase in VEGFR2 phosphorylation at Y951 (kinase insert domain) and Y1175 (c‐terminal domain) in TRPV4 siRNA knocked down cells. Further, we found that knockdown of TRPV4 increased VEGFR2 expression with concomitant increase in angiogenic transcriptional factor GATA2. Importantly, immunofluorescence analysis revealed reduced accumulation of VEGFR2 in perinuclear Golgi compartment suggesting increased trafficking of VEGFR2. Taken together, our results suggest that TRPV4 mechanotransduction regulates VEGFR2 expression and trafficking and identifies a novel cross‐talk between mechanical (TRPV4) and soluble (VEGF) signaling in human endothelial cells.


Several studies have shown a statistically significant correlation between Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) and Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) since 1871 when instrumental data are available. In the instrumental records, both ISMR and North Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs) have multidecadal variability with a period close to 60 yr, where periods of warm (cold) North Atlantic SSTs are accompanied by periods of wetter (dryer) ISMR and lower (higher) frequencies of dry years. We have studied both AMV and ISMR for the period from 1481 to present using several proxy reconstructions from both regions, as well as an extended instrumental data set for ISMR, to investigate multidecadal variability in the ISMR and the teleconnection to AMV. Previous studies investigating the relationship between AMV and ISMR in instrumental data have only used the period from 1871 onwards, whereas rain gauge data from the year 1844 are studied here, extending the instrumental record by 26 yr. We find that the observed link between AMV and ISMR is present in the extended instrumental data. We also find that multidecadal variability is present in the ISMR in all proxy records; however, all the proxy records for both ISMR and AMV diverge before the 1800s. In addition, the observed correlation between AMV and ISMR has weakened in the last decade. These results emphasise that it is not appropriate to use single proxy reconstructions to study past climates.


In this paper we explore the fundamental question of why bubbles exist. We construct a simple model of asset bubble and show that the model is equivalent to a reverse common value auction and that bubbles exist. By decomposing equilibrium bidding strategies into two components (incentives), we show that bubbles arise because this is a discriminatory price (rst-price) auctions, i.e. a trader's payo is exactly her bidding price, while in a uniform price (second-price) auction there is no bubble. Based on this nding, experiments are devised to oset these incentives and reduce or eliminate bubbles.


Double-strand Oligo DeoxyNucleotides (ODNs) or hairpin ODNs that mimic binding sites for transcription factors are effective ciselement decoys. These short (15-30 mer) platforms are designed to contain protein-binding consensus recognition sites or modified sequences permissive for stronger protein–DNA interactions [1]. Transfected decoys bind construct-specific transcriptional effectors effectively titrating trans-acting factors from their target promoters. Sp1, AP-1, STAT3, and Ets-1 decoys inhibit expression of cancerassociated genes as well as attenuate tumor cell growth and metastasis [2-5]. Despite similarity in the consensus binding sequences between STAT1 and STAT3, a decoy was developed that specifically sequesters STAT3 but not STAT1 [6], demonstrating the feasibility of differential discrimination among closely-related transcription factors. While decoy delivery in vivo is major challenge for clinical applications, recent findings highlight the utility and advantages of ODN technologies in animal model systems [7,8] including specific modifications (i.e., incorporation of phosphorothioate groups) to increase stability. Recent advances include development of circularized or "block" decoys which are chimeric constructs that target multiple regulatory elements [9].


Closed queuing networks (CQNs) are generally used to model CONWIP systems. An implicit assumption in the CQN model is that whenever the work-in-process (WIP) level goes below the set value, there is always a job waiting for the released kanban. In other words, there are an infinite number of jobs in the external queue and as a result the kanban never waits in the resource pool. Modelling the CONWIP under this unrealistic assumption tends to underestimate the true cycle time of the kanban (and the job). In this technical note, we represent a CONWIP as a semi-open queuing network (SOQN) in which the job waits in the external queue until a kanban is available or vice-versa. Using published data and numerical experiments, we point out a modelling flaw of CONWIP systems in the literature and also show that the SOQN approach is a more appropriate model for representing CONWIP systems.


The Executive recently approved an additional £2 million of funding to be spent on pothole repairs as part of the North Yorkshire County Councils ...


More than 14 billion pencils are manufactured and used globally every year. On average, a pencil is discarded after 60% of its original length has been depleted. In the present work we propose a simple and affordable way of converting this non-neglectable amount of waste into added value carbon product. In particular, we demonstrate the microwave synthesis of carbon from the wood pencil with and without chemical activation. This could be a process stage before the final recycling of the expensive graphite core. In the latter case, irradiation of the wood pencil in a domestic microwave oven heats up the pencil's graphite core, thus inducing carbonization of its wood casing. The carbonized product consists of amorphous carbon nanosheets having relatively low surface area. However, if the wood pencil is soaked in 50% KOH aqueous solution prior to microwave irradiation, a significantly higher surface area of carbon is obtained, consisting of irregular-shaped porous particles. Consequently, the obtained carbon can easily decolorize a methylene blue aqueous solution, can be used to make pocket warmers or gunpowder, and lastly, serves as an excellent adsorbent towards Cr(VI) removal from water, showing a maximum adsorption capacity of 70–75 mg/g within 24 h at 23 °C, pH = 3.


The purpose of this project was to develop a curriculum for global education appropriate for kindergarten children. A review of relevant literature provided concepts and themes that researchers consider essential components for inclusion in any global education program. Recommendations were made as to when and how the subject should be introduced in the classroom. Activities emphasized three important themes: We are one race, the human race, living on a small planet, earth; people are more alike than they are different, basic human needs bind people together; and, people of the world, even with different points of view, can live, work together, and learn from each other. These themes were introduced through the study of three countries; Africa, Japan, and Mexico. Conclusions arrived at through the review of the literature and development of the curriculum unit were included as were recommendations for possible improvement and expansion of this project.


SUMMARY The author introduced the use of time–varying inertia links to increase the flexibility (or versatility) of manipulators in the sense that they can so achieve more tracking capabilities. Clearly, we then have a pair of control vectors (link inertias and external forces) instead of one control vector only (applied forces). After a careful derivation of the dynamical equations of such manipulators, one shows that their control procedure can be decomposed into two stages, each of them involving sliding control schemes via prescribed dynamics on the error term, that is to say the difference between the desired position and the actual position. This approach provides a good technique to take account of possible constraints on the magnitude of the control, and in addition, it is possible to consider the sliding conditions as an ideal mechanical constraint, therefore the use of the principle of virtual displacements. This paper is a continuation of the one entitled "Trajector control of manipulators with time–varying inertia links" (Robotica 6, No. 3, 197–202, 1988). It described new techniques to circumvent difficulties arising when the values of the mechanical parameters are not exactly known and when linearization does not apply because of the important deviation. In addition this paper shows that Appel's principle of virtual displacements is more efficient than the Lagrangian parameters for the derivation of the manipulator's dynamic parameters in the presence of mechanical constraints.


In this contribution we (among other things) describe a virtual instrument that is currently being developed and tested in two laboratories at the Department of Electrical Measurements of the VSB - Technical University of Ostrava. The virtual instrument can eliminate some disadvantages of the intervals or even uncertainty intervals, in which the intrinsic value of some electrical quantity lies is not always easy matter especially in case of digital multimeters. Some relevant details including the interface of the virtual instrument prototype developed in the framework of scientific and research project (FRVS-1382/2005/F1/a) are also highlighted in this paper. The virtual instrument gives a good opportunity to manipulate up to thirteen simulators of real measuring instruments only by clicking the mouse on corresponding buttons (another meters can be implemented any time later).


ABSTRACT In view of the local extreme problem of the gradient descent algorithm, which makes the working face of mine gas emission prediction uncertainly, this paper combined Wolf pack algorithm (WPA) with complex neural network nonlinear prediction method to the established new prediction model. The WPA shows good global convergence and computational robustness in the solving process of complex high-dimensional functions. Working face in a coal mine as a case, this paper selects seven factors as input variables of the mine gas emission prediction, uses training data to mature prediction model and adopted it to predict six group gas emission data. Research results show that the mean absolute percentage value of the complex neural network model which has been optimized by WPA is 0.06%, the root mean square error value is 0.0191, the mean absolute error value is 0.0175 and the equal coefficient value is 0.9979. The prediction results are very close to the real value, and the change trend is highly consistent with the actual situation.


Gas adsorption on zeolites gains remarkable attention in this new era of nanotechnology since it has industrial importance in many process industries. Efforts of chemists during the past few decades have advanced the field of synthesis and accelerated the development of zeolites with different physicochemical properties for specific application. New technologies involving gas separation, gas purification, gas storage, high temperature gas sensor, semiconductor material hold a great promise for industrial applications. In order to develop and design an efficient and economically feasible industrial adsorption process, it is important to understand the adsorption phenomena between solid and gas phases. The presence of metal cations in the extra-framework structure determines the accessibility of gas molecules into the zeolite framework. In addition, the selectivity and capacity of adsorption is also being influenced by the adsorbate-adsorbent interactions. The molecules may interact through dispersion, induction, field-quadrapole and/or repulsion forces. Hence, information on physicochemical properties of zeolites as well as the properties of adsorbent is equally important in order to understand gas adsorption phenomena in zeolite microstructures. Results of this study show that structural properties and adsorbate-adsorbent interactions affect gas adsorptive characteristics of zeolites.


The role of kinases in transformation and cancer progression is established, though isolation and characterization of low abundance serum phosphoproteins remains a challenge. The existing technology lacks the specificity, efficiency and flexibility necessary to analyze larger sample volumes. To overcome these problems we have used nanoparticles to enrich phosphopeptide from serum and then analyze by mass spectrometry (MS). Nanoparticles provide a very large surface area, specificity and ability to analyze larger serum samples. We have developed and characterized Fe 3O4-SiO2TiO2 core/shell/shell nanoparticles to specifically enrich phosphopeptides. Preliminary data indicates that particles bind specifically to phosphopeptides, and can be analyzed directly by MALDI-MS. The ongoing work will determine the efficiency of phosphopeptide enrichment from serum.


Aurantio‐obtusin (AUR) is the main bioactive compound among the anthraquinones, from Cassia seed extract. This study was conducted to identify whether AUR could improve obesity and insulin resistance, induced by a high‐fat diet in obese mice. Mice were fed a high‐fat diet for 6 weeks and were then assigned to the high‐fat diet (HFD) control group, the AUR 5 mg/kg group, or the AUR 10 mg/kg group. AUR improves glucose by activating the expression of PI3K, Akt and GLUT4, GLUT2. AUR altered the expression levels of several lipid metabolism‐related and adipokine genes. AUR decreased the mRNA expression of PPAR‐γ, FAS and increased the mRNA expression of PPAR‐α in liver. AUR lowered SREBP‐1c, FAS, SCD‐1, inflammatory cytokines, and increased the expression of PPAR‐γ, PPAR‐α, CPT‐1, and adiponectin in white adipose tissue (WAT). AUR docking with the insulin receptor showed that the residues of the insulin receptor, ectodomain, were the same as those around the emodin. The effect of AUR may be elicited by regulating the activity of the insulin signaling pathway, expression of lipid metabolism‐related genes, and expression of inflammatory cytokine markers to improve adiposity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia.


Azara dentata Ruiz & Pav. also called "Corcolen" is an endemic shrub of Chile. The honey produced in areas with abundance of Azara dentata is highly appreciate by its polyphenols. In the present work, we isolated and identified for the first time the phytochemical components of Azara dentata and its cytotoxic effects were analyzed on cancer cells together with its antimicrobial activity. The results showed that palmitic acid methyl ester, linolenic acid methyl ester, α-tocopherol and β-sitosterol are the main non-polar constituents of the plant, while the compounds AD-3 (3-phenylisocoumarin, 0.0001% yield) and AD-4 (methyl 2-phenacylbenzoate, 0.00039% yield) were isolated by column chromatography with n-hexane/EtOAc (3:2 v/v) and their structures were determined using NMR analysis. In addition, the structure of AD-4 was complemented by a single crystal x-ray structural determination. Azara dentata showed moderate antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. epidermidis with a MIC of 5.0 and 10 mg/mL respectively. The cytotoxic activity of Azara dentata against MCF-7 cancer cells showed an IC50 of 15.63 µg/mL, this is a promissory value for the deeper study of its metabolites in cancer models.


This paper explores the use of the Internet by adolescents with Asperger in Tehran. Utilizing a grounded theory, the research is conceptualized from semi-structured interviews with 13 adolescent participants with Asperger, with ages ranged between 12-14 (younger adolescents) and 15-18 (older adolescents). The findings revealed that younger adolescents used the Internet for entertainment and looking up information but not for communication, while older adolescents used the Internet for communication purposes as well. As the adolescents got older, they simultaneously used the online and the offline environment for communication but because of lack of social skills for communicating with offline friends, they were more active on the virtual space and less active on the offline environment. As a result this lack of offline communication might increase their lack of social skills because they did not have enough contact in real life.


Independent assessment of TRAC-PF1 (Version 7.0), TRAC-BD1 (Version 12.0) and RELAP5/MOD1 (Cycle 14) that was initiated at BNL in FY 1982, has been completed in FY 1983. As in the previous years, emphasis at Brookhaven has been in simulating various separate-effects tests with these advanced codes and identifying the areas where further thermal-hydraulic modeling improvements are needed. The following six catetories of tests were simulated with the above codes: (1) critical flow tests (Moby-Dick nitrogen-water, BNL flashing flow, Marviken Test 24); (2) Counter-Current Flow Limiting (CCFL) tests (University of Houston, Dartmouth College single and parallel tube test); (3) level swell tests (G.E. large vessel test); (4) steam generator tests (B and W 19-tube model S.G. tests, FLECHT-SEASET U-tube S.G. tests); (5) natural circulation tests (FRIGG loop tests); and (6) post-CHF tests (Oak Ridge steady-state test).


This paper describes a general approach to the design of natural language interfaces that has evolved during the development of DATALOG, an English database query system based on Cascaded ATN grammar. By providing separate representation schemes for linguistic knowledge, general world knowledge, and application domain knowledge, DATALOG achieves a high degree of portability and extendability.


The Zhijing River Bridge is a CFST arch bridge in Hubei province. The limitations are more cables, as the angles of some cables are very small and made cable adjusting difficult in construction. The Iterative optimization method with once-tension principle and alignment controlled by pre-cambers is introduced into the alignment control and cable-force calculation of the erection stage. All cables should have been removed after the arch rib closure in the original design, but in the latter hoisting construction, the early cable force and elevation were influenced seriously and the inner force of main arch rib became uneven. The influence by the time, order and method of cable-removing are calculated in the optimization process and the new cable-removing schemes are brought forward. In that, part of the cables removed before closure, and they are analyzed and compared to each other, and then a best scheme with easier control is determined.


Range and average values were determined for the vitamin B12 levels of the liver tissues obtained at laparotomy from 35 patients with chronic liver diseases and from 18 patients with peptic ulcer or gastroptosis. In cirrhosis the average value was 0.19μg per g, in cancer of the liver possibly developed from cirrhosis 0.13μg per g, in Banti's syndrome 0.62μg per g, and in peptic ulcer and gastroptosis 0.74μg per g. In cirrhosis and Banti's syndrome the liver B12 levels of the cases receiving parenterally B12 did not rise significantly with a few exceptions, the average values remaining on the similar levels described above.Following the operation of portacaval anastomosis the liver B12 levels of the patients with cirrhosis or Banti's syndrome fell even during parenteral administration of the vitamin. The fall following the operation was not remarkable in cases whose pre-operation levels of the liver B12 were low.


Combining the results of measurements of NICMOS focus and temperature (outside NICMOS dewar), we have found a correlation between detrended NICMOS focus and detrended temperature. The correlation suggests that there is a thermally induced (quasi)periodic component in NICMOS focus variation which has a time scale resembling the HST precessional period. This component may thus be due to HST temperature variations caused by changing radiation flux from the Sun as the telescope attitude at the same pointing (same target of the focus monitoring proposal) changes with respect to the Sun because of precession. The mechanism of focus variation may be similar to the one causing the well-known HST orbital focus "breathing" except that in this case it may be associated mostly with light path variations in NICMOS fore optics. The data seem to be consistent with some amount of "precessional breathing" in the Optical Telescope Assembly (OTA) as well. The amplitude of "precessional breathing" has been found to correspond to ~5 micron of the Secondary Mirror (SM) shift. This is to be compared to ~2 micron of the regular "orbital breathing" and ~5 micron of the actually adopted tolerance with respect to the HST long term focus drift.


Carole A. Federico Jeffrey S. Mogil Tim Ramsay Dean Fergusson Jonathan Kimmelman Department of Biomedical Ethics, Studies of Translation, Ethics, and Medicine (STREAM), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada Departments of Psychology and Anesthesia, Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada E-mail address: email@example.com (J. Kimmelman) http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001995


Fractional Slot Concentrated Winding (FSCW) have short end-winding resulting in lower copper loss. Single layer and double layer FSCW have sub harmonics and higher order harmonics of significant magnitude. This results in high leakage inductance and low saliency ratio in synchronous reluctance motor. In this paper, the impact of multi-layered FSCW on synchronous reluctance motor designs is studied. Multiple slot-pole combinations are considered for selection of winding distribution with lower harmonic content. A four-layer FSCW design with lower winding harmonic content is selected for motor design. The motor performance is analyzed using finite element analysis. The motor shows significantly low torque and voltage ripple. Improvements in performance are compared with conventional two layered FSCW synchronous reluctance motor.


At present, the projects in construction field are getting more and more complex, and widely dispersed. Geographic Information System(GIS) as a tool of data storage, visibility display and spatial query has been used in the construction project management. The visibility of GIS shows the spatial distribution of geographic object scientifically and effectively, and it also provides a more skillful and convenient method. It introduces the contribution to the construction project management which is getting more complicated based on the visibility and spatial query of GIS, and proposes taking advantage of Web to realize the project management on WWW, when coming up against the immature of communication during projects. It is necessary to exert the theory of modern construction project management in the practical process. But now, there is no fledged and all-round software to conduct the whole life of project management.


O N SP E E C H PR O C ES SIN G B y Y in g Yang D r. Evangelos A . Y fa n tis . E xa m in a tio n C o m m itte e C h a ir Professor o f C o m pu te r Sciences U n ive rs ity o f Nevada. Las Vegas Speaking is one o f the most im p o rta n t ways o f com m un ica tion between humans. Speech processing refers to the technology o f speech signal transfo rm ations for more efficient storage and transm ission, fo r enhanced in te ll ig ib il ity and ease o f assim ila tion. .According to the d iffe ren t purpose as above, technologies on speech signal processing falls in to three m ain categories. They are speech coding, speech recogn ition and speech synthesis. Th is thesis shows the experience o f ou r approach ing in th is area. I t focused on ana lyzing the d iffe ren t characteristics o f speech by using m athem a tica l and s ta tis tica l methods. A test based on la g l p ro d u c t o f signals was taken fo r separa ting the voiced and unvoiced pa rts o f the speech signals. O th e r tests fo r speech processing include pre-processing, co llinear p red ic ting , peak detected p re d ic tin g as w e ll as spectrum analvsis.


The aim of this study was to discuss the Incentive Mechanism of the Cooperation among the government, enterprise and college so as to promote the development of College Students' Network Entrepreneurial education. We analyze the interest demands and cooperation mechanism of each subject in the process of Network Entrepreneurial Education for College Students. And a mutual incentive model is proposed. By means of derivation, we conclude that the incentive of the government is greater when the unit cost of the government encouraging enterprises to cultivate entrepreneurial teams is lower and the value created by the entrepreneurial teams is higher. And enterprises can obtain an incentive when the marginal revenue of human capital and other factors required for maximum profit is equal to the respective unit cost and the combination of demand factors in cultivating entrepreneurial teams achieves the best proportion. And universities can obtain the incentive when the coefficient of college benefits and enterprise incentive reach maximum. Keywords—College Students' Network Entrepreneurial Education; collaboration; incentive model; government; enterprise; University


A CONSIDERABLE number of highschool pupils who wish to study two or more foreign languages must decide which language to study first. When advising pupils in their choice of subjects, both parents and teachers often emphasize the value of studying one foreign language as a preparation for another. The study of Latin is frequently recommended as preparation for the study of another language. The assumption appears to be that a pupil should do well in a modern language if he has previously studied Latin. Such a viewpoint may have arisen when both Latin and the mod-


A novel aluminum-based shale stabilizer used in drilling fluid composed of humic acid and aluminum (HA-Al) was synthesized. The expansion rate of shale sample in HA-Al solution was 12.87% (23.21% in pure water) in linear expansion test. Shale stability index values of high water content and low water content samples were 73.00 and 55.94, respectively, indicating HA-Al had good inhibition performance by absorbing between clay particles. The pore pressure transmission test indicated that after 20 h, the result was 0.4 MPa in glycols solution, 0.15 MPa in sodium silicate solution, and 0.07 MPa in HA-Al solution. Obviously, the last one was the best. So HA-Al had excellent performance to reduce pore pressure transmission. By scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometer analysis, it was confirmed that HA-Al could precipitate in the shale pores. As a result, the pore pressure transmission reduced and the shale stability increased.


The logic blocks (CLBs) of a lookup table (LUT) based FPGA consist of one or more LUTs, possibly of different sizes. In this paper, we focus on technology mapping for CLBs with several independent LUTs of two different sizes (called ICLBs). The Actel ES6500 family is an example of a class of commercially available ICLBs. Given a tree network with n nodes, the only previously known approach for minimum area tree-based mapping to ICLBs was a heuristic with running time /spl Theta/(n/sup d+1/), where d is the maximum indegree of any node. We give an O(n/sup 3/) time exact algorithm for mapping a given tree network, an improvement over this heuristic in terms of run time and the solution quality. For general networks, an effective strategy is to break it into trees and combine them. We also give an O(n/sup 3/) exact algorithm for combining the optimal solutions to these trees, under the condition that LUTs do not go across trees. The method can be extended to solve mapping onto CLBs that can be configured into different ICLBs, (e.g. Xilinx' XC4000E).


Entrepreneurship and sustainable development are considered two of the most important keyelements to assure the social-economic development. Our paper analyses indicators of the entrepreneurial activities and sustainable development indicators in European countries before the international crises has begun. The research results are based on data and information collected from Eurostat and Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) data bases. In a previous research, we have obtained new factors, respectively principal components based on entrepreneurship and sustainable development indicators, applying Principal Components Analysis (PCA), using SPSS software package. The results show the similarities and the differences of the European countries distribution based on the indicators of both entrepreneurship and sustainable development which are combining with each other. Key-Words: social economic development, sustainable development, entrepreneurship, Principal Components Analysis, correlation, distribution


A catalogue of Psychodidae of Mexico is presented. A total of 99 species in 30 genera of the subfamilies Bruchomyiinae, Phlebotominae, Psychodinae, and Trichomyiinae are listed, with bibliographic citations and distributional data by country and in the case of Mexico by states.


A 26-year-old female presented with the chief complaint of a gummy smile (Fig. 1). Initial evaluation revealed excessive gingival display in smiling due to vertical maxillary excess, a convex profile, an acute nasolabial angle, a retrognathic chin, a short upper lip, and lip incompetence. The patient had multiple missing teeth and a skeletal Class II malocclusion, with 11mm of overjet and 4mm of overbite.Two treatment options were discussed with the patient. The first was traditional orthodontic treatment combined with Le Fort I surgery to reduce the maxillary height, which would in turn reduce the gingival exposure. The second was orthodontic intrusion of the maxillary arch using miniscrew skeletal anchorage. After a review of the risks and benefits of the two options, the patient chose the more conservative method. Fixed preadjusted appliances were placed to


The N-alkyl-3-hydroxypyridones are a group of compounds with clinical potential as oral iron chelators (Hider et al., 1982). In order to determine the physicochemical properties of iron chelators which are most important for optimizing cellular iron mobilization, an hepatocyte culture system has been used which allows the simultaneous comparison of cellular iron release and toxicity. In this communication, the ability of chelators to mobilize hepatocellular iron has been related to their partition coefficients between aqueous and lipid phases, in both the iron-free and complexed forms. Hepatocytes were isolated by collagenase perfusion of livers from adult male Wistar rats (Berry & Friend, 1969). After differential centrifugation hepatocytes of greater than 95% purity were plated on to collagen-coated sterile dishes by a modification of previously described methods (Page et al . , 1983). After overnight culture at 37"C, the non-adherent dead cells were washed free leaving an hepatocyte monolayer of greater than 95% viability. These were pulsed for a variable time with 59 Fe-transferrin before further washes and incubation with the test chelator. Release of 59Fe was then measured over a known time period. The N-alkyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one iron chelators coordinate Fe'+ in a 3 : 1 ratio and with a stability constant of lo" (Hider et al., 1982), which is five orders of magnitude greater than that of desferrioxamine (Keberle, 1964). By increasing the alkyl function substitution on the ring N atom, a variet of compounds with increasing lipophilicity but similar Fey. stability constants are produced (Table 1). The percentage increase release of 59 Fe above control at 2 h with compounds CP20-CP25 is presented (Table 1). The iron release from hepatocyte monolayers is significantly less with the more hydrophilic compounds CP20 and CP21 than with the more lipophilic compound CP22 ( P < 0.008, Student's t test). This compound which has partition coefficients near to 1 in both the iron-free and complexed forms, appears to be the most active of these chelators in this system. CP23, which has a slightly higher lipophilicity in the free form, thus facilitating its diffusion into the cell, has a relatively low lipid solubility in the iron-complexed form. This may explain the lower iron release seen compared with CP22. Compounds with higher solubility in the lipid than aqueous phase, CP24 and CP24, were less active than CP22, presumably because they partitioned preferentially within the cell membrane. Furthermore, CP25 was toxic at 500 ~ L M as measured by increased lactate dehydrogenase release into incubation medium. CP22 consistently caused more 5'Fe release than desferrioxamine at equimolar concentrations ( P < 0.007) whereas the more hydrophilic CP20 was less active than desferrioxamine. This suggests that both the affinity constant for ferric iron and the partition coefficients of free and complexed forms of chelators may determine net iron mobilization from parenchymal cells. As the majority of radioiron in this model will be in the form of ferritin 15 min after pulsing of the cells (Octave et al . , I983), and as studies in vitro suggest that the hydroxypyrid-Cones mobilize ferritin iron at a greater rate than desferrioxamine (Hider et al., 1982), ferritin iron may represent an important source of chelatable iron for the hydroxypyrid-4-ones which is less available to desferrioxamine. It is concluded that chelators which have approximately equal lipid and aqueous solubilities in both free and complexed forms are likely to be the most effective mobilizers of parenchymal cellular iron, and that the most active hydroxypyrid-Cones mobilize hepatocellular iron at a greater rate than desferioxamine in this system.


THE INFLUENCE OF ONE'S SOCIAL NETWORK ON PSCYHOLOGICAL CONTRACT FORMATION Kathryn L. Engel, Ph.D. George Mason University, 2008 Dissertation Director: Dr. Jose M. Cortina Psychological contract (PC) breach is a common organizational occurrence and is associated with significant negative outcomes for organizations and employees. This study investigated the social network as a source of accurate information that may help new employees form PCs congruent with their organization. A sample of 129 new employee (i.e., with less than one year tenure) and supervisor pairs from diverse organizations participated in the study. Results suggest that congruence regarding organizational obligations is the aspect of PC congruence most influenced by social networks. Results also indicate that networks with large range and strong ties play a role in establishing congruent PCs. For especially new employees (i.e., those with tenure < 100 days): low status networks are most effective; large range and strong ties are not beneficial for establishing congruent PCs. Overall, results indicate that social networks play a role in developing congruent PCs among new employees.


Pedestrian trajectory prediction in multiple scenarios is of immense importance in autonomous driving and disentanglement of human behavior but is limited in catching human intention and initiative. Most previous works tend to predict the trajectory using only 2D coordinates, which generally cause two common problems: a) Overlooking the subjective initiative, including sudden swerve and erratic movement; b) A potential challenge called abnormal collision caused by unlabeled pedestrians on dataset is not being identified and resolved, which would ruin the model prediction. To break those limitations, we introduce visual localization and orientation as Visual Intention Knowledge to help the trajectory prediction, which is learned directly from visual scenarios. It benefits to comprehend human intention and formulates decision-making processes. Moreover, by learning from the visual information and decision-making policy, we construct the Visual Intention Knowledge associated spatio-temporal Transformer (VIKT) to predict human trajectory by combining the intention knowledge with the novel Transformer. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our VIKT model could achieve competitive performance by the Visual Intention Knowledge through optimizing the model prediction compared with state-of-the-art methods in terms of prediction accuracy on ETH/UCY and SDD benchmarks.


Surtijapon distribution company, Ltd., is located in the sector of August 7 in the city of Bogota, from its beginning has been dedicated to the purchase and sale of car parts, but has several problems with inventory.
To search for the causes of these problems using various tools such as surveys, diagram cause - effect, among others. With these tools you identified the causes of these problems and decided to apply an inventory model to provide a solution to the problems of the distribution company Surtijapon Ltd., for it was necessary to obtain information about suppliers, sales and purchases, as well as figures demand, costs, and prices of products, where the indicated variables were obtained to evaluate inventory models in order to choose which model is best suited inventories to the conditions and restrictions of the company.


This paper shows the failure(wear) phenomena of differential bearings in the transaxle of passenger cars and investigate their characteristics. It was found that the wear mechanism was mild abrasive wear caused by the presence of particles in the gear box. The sides of the outer raceway was more weared than center of it, so it is showed as if the crowning of outer raceway are increased. With close examination of the failed bearing, various countermeasures could be suggested.


After fractional precipitation of kidney, intestinal and faecal phosphatase with acetone in the cold, further attempts at purification by either repeated acetone or ammonium sulphate fractionation were ineffective. there was considerable ascribed the inactivation of the kidney alkaline phosphatase through prolonged dialysis to a separa- tion of the phosphatase into an inactive protein apoenzyme and a dialyzable coenzyme or prosthetic group. These workers showed that this coenzyme cannot be magnesium. It appeared to be a labile organic substance, which could be obtained by incubating the holoferment for a minutes in a neutral medium. This treatment destroyed the apoenzyme while not affecting the coenzyme. By mixing with preparation active phosphatase


BACKGROUND
Safer-sex information for women who have sex with women (WSW) is often very difficult to locate. Girl2girl.info is one of the only websites focussed on safer sex for WSW. The present article describes the predevelopment consultation and evaluation of girl2girl.info. A risk-reduction framework was used to develop the website.

METHODS
Girl2girl.info was developed in 2004 using questionnaires and focus groups with 36 consumers who were WSW, largely based in Canberra, Australia. In 2006-2007 the site was evaluated using mixed methods of questionnaires with 74 WSW and interviews with 17 health professionals around Australia.

RESULTS
This research has identified some key attitudes toward safer sex of WSW participants, in particular a misperception that the majority of WSW are at low risk for sexually transmissible infections and a consistent aversion to using latex for safer sex.

CONCLUSIONS
The article concludes that the promotion of a risk-reduction approach - including non-latex-based safer-sex practices - for WSW is both a theoretically appropriate and engaging form of health promotion for WSW.


The research addresses the economic sustainability of real estate investments, realised through urban densification process. The aim of this work is to verify whether urban form, and diverse high density urban forms specifically, must be taken into account in investments valuations of urban regeneration and urban renewal projects, such as all the other features (i.e. costs, profits, risk) usually part of the valuation process.
The research question and the context from which emerges it are presented in the introduction. Subsequently, the two main lines of research are summarised: the first one concerns investments feasibility at project scale; the latter at urban and territorial level.
Each one of the following three chapters are paper – based and discuss a specific research issues. The first one describes the relevance of building typology for the success or the failure of high density urban developments. The next one tests the phenomena interpretations, discussed in the previous chapter, with a real option theoretical model. The purpose is to verify the potential option value of sequential investments, using both of the main high density building typology: high rise - tall building and low rise - blocks developments.
The last chapter presents the results of a multivariate regression, designed on an original dataset, which verify whether a relationship between urban density and residential market trends actually exists.
Finally, the conclusion summarises the research results and suggests further research features on this matter.


In this project, it resolves the considerable amount of information need to be saved in the routing table of a router. The objective of this project is mainly focus on how to design and implement a data compression mechanism without losing any routing tables. It should be very fast and easy for its implementation. Thus, C programming language is the perfect candidate. The compression process should make the final result as its initial value. To be more specifically, the process should able to recover the routing table. Several compression methods are be established due to the IP address, whether Prefix or next hop. To design the mechanism, a specific data structure has been used for coding and decoding different attributes of the routing table. There would be two designs for coding the prefix IP address and one design for next hop IP. The design is based on Huffman algorithm. For decoding only the same inverse process should be applied.


Background: The human brain evaluates and processes a wide variety of stimuli simultaneously and from multiple coexisting areas. One of those areas is the Prefrontal Cortex, the brain's executive center, which divides itself in orbitofrontal, dorsolateral and ventromedial areas. These areas can be regulated by internal factors such as personality, or even biological, like sex or age. The researcher investigated the relationship between gender, age, education, profession, current situation, household and clinical history with the ability of planning, emotional recognition of faces and decision-making, while also including the different personality typologies, in a population without brain injury. Material and Methods: For this study, 100 individuals from either gender and with age above or equal 18 were studied, using BADS Key Search, Gandra-BARTA, IOWA Gambling Task and NEO-FFI. Results: We confirmed our hypothesis. A subject with a good performance in planning will most likely also be good at recognizing emotional faces and at making decisions. Furthermore, age and household act with a negative influence on performance, whilst years of education influence positively. Finally, a high Neuroticism level would be adverse for execution of our areas, whilst Openness to Experience and Conscientiousness have their pros and cons. Conclusion: The results from our tests suggests that all these areas are somewhat related, having areas that affect positively and vice versa. Even so, many question remain to be addressed in future studies, especially in the Household variable.


The Yearbook Program: Observations and Analysis of Secondary Schooi Yearbook Teachers and the Implementation of their Curriculum Masters of Arts, 200 1 Lara Fernande Boudignon Depment of Curriculum, Teaching and Learning Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto The purpose of this thesis was threefold: to explore the curricular innovations of yearbok teachers, to emphasize similarities between the cunicula of the participants and to question the need for yearbook curriculum standards. ï h e literature review provided information fiom three aspects of education text: yearbook literature, teacher narratives and curriculum inquiry related to teacher narrative. The 1st section included three frameworks, applied in data analyses: Tyler's model, Eisner's model and curriculum integration. Once a questionnaire process ascertaineû the number of schools admiristering yearbook courses, two candidates were willing to participate. Stmctwed in t e~ews and artifacts detailed their curriculum-making process. The findings were reponed in a multiplecase, replication logic research design. The conclusions revealed that yearbook teachers share similar objectives, but plan different leaniing expenences. These results and a lack of resources require M e r inquiry into creating standards for yearbook cuniculurn and more research into the phenomenon of the yearbook program. The Yearbook Program 3


The need for clean energy, predominantly wind and sun, to replace fossil fuels is in high demand for the carbon neutrality. The intermittent nature of the renewable energy sources is one of the most important challenges. A potential solution is to store the extra electricity in the form of chemical fuels, and then reconvert on demand. Electrochemical water splitting to produce hydrogen and oxygen is an appealing and sustainable approach. The benchmark electrocatalysts for water electrolysis are noble metal Pt- and Ir/Ru-based materials. Nevertheless, the scarcity and the high cost of these precious catalysts severely hinder their widespread applications. Developing non-precious electrocatalysts has been one long-term target, but still remains a great challenge. In this presentation we will show our research efforts and design strategies by regulating the electronic structures on transition metal-based electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution, oxygen evolution as well as constructing the water electrolyzer powered by solar energy.


In this paper we present lightweight record-and-replay (RR). In contrast to traditional "fully deterministic" RR solutions, lightweight RR focuses on handling nondeterminism arising from thread communication for programs with concurrent, message-passing architectures. By decreasing nondeterminism in programs, lightweight RR decreases the number of intermittent failures in program's test suites. We evaluated the effectiveness of lightweight RR on Servo, a highly concurrent web browser. Our evaluation shows lightweight RR is effective at greatly reducing intermittent failures for some tests, but not others. Lightweight RR performance overhead remains a work in progress, but log sizes are quite small. We believe with further work lightweight RR could prove useful for lowering nondeterminism in programs at a negligible performance overhead.


: The purpose of this study is to explore the short-term efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of resectable non-small cell lung cancer. Collect clinical data of 89 non-small cell lung cancer patients who underwent PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy from January 2020 to December 2022 in the first and second extrathoracic wards of our hospital, aged 50.0 to 82.0 (68.0 ± 8.5) years old. Retrospective analysis of the imaging data and pathological changes of patients before and after PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment, recording the adverse reactions that occurred during the treatment process, with objective response rate, main pathological response rate, and pathological complete response rate as the main observation indicators. The results showed that after PD-1 immunotherapy combined with neoadjuvant therapy, all patients successfully underwent thoracoscopic radical resection of lung cancer. According to the RECIST 1.1 standard evaluation analysis, 16 patients achieved complete remission and 36 patients achieved partial remission, with an objective remission rate of 58.43%; There were 17 PCR patients and 61 MPR patients, with a main pathological response rate of 87.64%. The main adverse reactions of the patients were Hypoalbuminemia, decreased appetite and nausea. Most patients were mild, and no drug intervention was needed; There were no deaths or tumor


This contribution presents the GIS based software NODUS that provides a tool for detailed analyses of freight transport over extensive multimodal networks. It is built around the systematic use of the concept of "virtual links" which enables the development of a network analysis modelling all transport operations by different modes, means and roads including all interface services in nodal platforms and terminals. The virtual network can be automatically generated by means of an algorithm embedded in NODUS. The contribution presents an overview of the applied methodology: the procedure for building the virtual network with a special notation of virtual links which permits to attach the cost functions (or weights) specific to each specific transport to each virtual links. NODUS has successfully been applied to study large-scale network optimisation problems. In this paper, four different areas of application are highlighted: policy analysis, market analysis, infrastructure analysis and


Each day in Britain there are some two million consultations between doctors and patients and around 100 million decisions about patient care. Any fundamental reform of health care will depend on influencing those consultations and decisions, and they are, I suggest, so far largely untouched. "Thank God," I hear many doctors say, but who could disagree that much of what goes on in those consultations is capable of considerable improvement?

One method of improving what happens in consultations is through teaching doctors communication skills, but a paper from Liverpool …


The economics of emerging power systems heavily depend on the subject of hydrothermal scheduling. The purpose of this article is to suggest soft computing-based enhanced particle swarm optimization techniques for dealing with short-term hydrothermal scheduling problem. The article uses a test system made up of a multi-stream cascaded system with hydro, thermal plants and wind farms, to find the best solution while taking economic and environmental considerations into account. The mathematical models applied to solve the water outflow, generating cost, and harmful emissions from the above-mentioned power plants included in the IEEE-30 Bus system. Statistics have been used to gauge the dependability and consistency of the suggested algorithm. In order to find the optimal generating schedule for conventional scheduling issue, a solution technique called robust heuristic search algorithm has been used. The developed heuristic methodology has outperformed conventional and soft computing methodology.


Dachang is a well-known Tin-polymetallic mine field in the world.Tongkeng Mine is the largest production scale mine with obvious spatial zonation.There are north-east fissure-vein type,veinlet-belt type,veinlet-metasomatic type(No.91),stockwork-disseminated type(No.92) and skarn type zinc-copper orebody from the surface to depth.In production practice,according to the analysis of metallogenic information from geophysical prospecting,geochemical prospecting,pitting and drilling,it is suggested that the depth part and margin area of Tongkeng Mine has good metallogenic condition.The verification of some engineering in the mine prospecting target indicates that Tongkeng mine has huge Ore-searching Potential.The practices show that prospecting in surrounding old mines is a fast and effective way to increase reserves resources.


Optimal Power Flow aims to optimise a certain objective, subject to the network power flow equations and system and equipment operating limits. The optimal condition is attained by adjusting the available controls to minimise an objective function subject to specified operating and security requirements. Objective function takes various forms such as fuel cost, transmission losses and reactive source allocation. Usually the objective function of interest is the minimisation of total production cost of scheduled generating units. This is most used as it reflects current economic dispatch practice and importantly cost related aspect is always ranked high among operational requirements in Power Systems. As an extension of ED, OPF with wind is carried out in this chapter.


Locational marginal price is required in restructured power system.It is require creating an effective pricing scheme that to provide the useful information to generation, transmission section and customers. These transmission pricing depends on generator, load levels and transmission line constraints. Transmission line constraints result is variations in energy prices throughout the network. The proposed approach is based on AC optimal power flow model with considering of losses. Resulting optimization problem is solved by linear programming approach. Locational Marginal Pricing methodology is used to determine the energy price for transacted power and to manage the network congestion and marginal losses. Variation of LMP values with transmission constraint conditions also studied. Simulation is carried out on 220kV, 400Kv & 765kV MSETCL system of Maharashtra transmission line for real data bus system and the results are presented.


HAZOP is a widely-used technique for identifying potential hazards in process plants. However, the application of the technique is very repetitive and time consuming. One way to overcome this bottleneck is to develop automated hazard identification systems that emulate the HAZOP technique. Much of the research on automated hazard identification so far has concentrated on continuous plants by considering the causes and consequences of deviations from steady state. This work concentrates on batch processes where a batch plant moves through a number of different stages during operation. To safely produce a product in a batch process, a plant operator follows a sequence of operating instructions. In order for an operating procedure to be analysed by a computerized system it must be formally represented. Instructions written in natural language require complex analysis algorithms and their meaning may also be ambiguous. However, machine language is incomprehensible to humans. Therefore, there is a need to develop operating instruction formats that are both intuitive for humans and unambiguous for the computer. In this paper formal operating procedure templates are described. These templates can be used for writing a wide range of operating instructions. Examples of the templates in use will be given. On-going research problems are discussed.


This paper presents a methodical approach to the creation of the ontological model which serves as a knowledge base in the decision-making process of evaluation clients who are applying for loans and subsides of state development funds. The role of the proposed ontological model is steering government subsidies and investments in industries and areas of socio economic development which are defined by the state development strategies. The ultimate aim of this research is to suggest appropriate classifiers (priority indexes) for each ensemble of the socio-economic parameters in the context of scoring government development funds clients. The novelty of the research presented in this paper is reflected by the identifying and semantically presenting of social and economic characteristics, which covers the area of operation of state development funds and which are relevant for the development of the analyzed region. The advantages which are achieved by using the proposed ontology model are: decision-making process that excludes the subjective reasoning of the administrative staff and decision proposals which are justified in state development strategies. The authors in this paper propose an implementation procedure and show a prototype example of utilization of the created ontology.


Herein, we have demonstrated a facile method for the synthesis of CeO2/Ce-Co-LDH heterostructures using zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 as the precursor. The Ce-incorporation in Co-LDH results in 4f-2p-3d orbital overlap to tune the electronic structure whereas the oxygen-deficient CeO2 controls the interface charge transfer. This results in excellent water oxidation activity to attain 500 mA cm-2 current density at 320 overpotential.


A thin layer is a very thin layer of material (organic, inorganic metal or a mixture of organic metals) which has the properties of a conductor, a semiconductor, a superconductor or an insulator. CoFe2O4 nanoparticles are very popular materials to be developed in the field of electricity and magnetism because they have cubic magnetocrystalline properties and high coercivity properties, as well as medium saturation magnetization. Sol-gel is one of the techniques in the manufacture of thin films that involves chemical processes in the form of hydrolysis and condensation reactions. Sol-gel dip coating is a technique for making a thin layer that has several advantages, namely a simple method, easy, few precursors so that it saves production costs and does not damage the environment. XRD test results of a 0.20 M CoFe2O4 thin layer found a peak in the 2Ө 18.1152 region with a diffraction pattern (111). The highest UV-Vis absorbance peak at a wavelength of 285 nm was 2.5423 A and the lowest bandgap value was 2.79 eV. The resistance value is 6.46 and the resistivity value is 0.00016225 m.


Objective To compare the consistency of immunohistochemistry(IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) in detecting c-erbB-2 status in breast cancer tissues.Methods A total of 50 breast cancer paraffin embedded samples were selected,of which there were 10 cases of c-erbB-2 protein expression(+),20 cases of() and 20 cases of().FISH was used to assess the amplification of c-erbB-2 gene,and SPSS 13.0 software was employed to analyze the difference and consistency between the two methods.Results IHC and FISH methods had a good consistency when detecting c-erbB-2(+) and() expressions in breast cancer tissues,with the coincidence rate of 89.2%.However,when IHC was used to test c-erbB-2(),the result of FISH was quite different,with the coincidence rate of only 35.3%.Conclusion IHC is a preliminary method to detect c-erbB-2 status in breast cancer.IHC and FISH methods have a good consistency in detecting c-erbB-2(+) and() status in breast cancer tissues.As detection of c-erbB-2() with IHC has a different result from FISH,such patients should receive FISH confirmation for herceptin therapy.


This paper uses high frequency intraday data to construct the VaR adjusted high-frequency sharp index model as an efficient method of asset selection and portfolio strategy for the optimal portfolio problem. Both asset selection and perfect weight allocation are key processing. This paper constructs the VaR adjusted high-frequency sharp index to choose stocks, and uses several portfolio strategies to allocate stock weight. Through market data of shanghai stock exchange as out-of-sample empirical, we find that VaR adjusted high-frequency sharp index model can have a better result than high-frequency sharp index model and momentum stock choice model, and portfolio strategies based on the VaR adjusted high-frequency sharp index model have a higher risky return.


Summary Six strains of bacteriocinogenic Lactobacillus plantarum (TL1, RG11, RS5, UL4, RG14 and RI11) isolated from Malaysian foods were investigated for their structural bacteriocin genes. A new combination of plantaricin EF and plantaricin W bacteriocin structural genes was successfully amplified from all studied strains, suggesting that they were novel bacteriocin-producing L. plantarum strains. A four-base pair variable region was detected in the short 16S-23S intergenic spacer regions of the studied strains by a comparative analysis with 17 L. plantarum strains deposited in the GenBank, implying they were new genotypes. The studied L. plantarum strains were subsequently differentiated into four groups on the basis of the detected four-base pair variable region of the short 16S-23S intergenic spacer region. Further analysis of the DNA sequence of 23S-5S intergenic spacer region revealed only one type of 23S-5S intergenic spacer region present in the studied strains, indicating it was highly conserved among the studied L. plantarum strains. Three randomly amplified polymorphic DNA experiments using three different combinations of arbitrary primers successfully differentiated the studied L. plantarum strains from each other, confirming they were different strains. In conclusion, the studied L. plantarum strains were shown to be novel bacteriocin producers and high level of strain discrimination could be achieved with a combination of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis and the analysis of the variable region of short 16S-23S intergenic spacer region present in L. plantarum strains.


Traditional Computer Science (CS) and Software Engineering (SE) curricula pay great attention to the training of programming skills and software engineering competence. In practice we find a large "gap" between the two perspectives: even for those students who have good programming skills, it is rather difficult for them to transform the programming-oriented thinking into the engineering-oriented thinking. Software construction, a key knowledge area (KA) in SWEBOK, plays a role for filling such gap in CS and SE education. We design "four transformations" in the course Software Construction and use multi-dimensional software artifacts as the index of the course contents, so as to train students on the design, programming and testing of a software system in terms of five key quality objectives. A set of gradually-deepening labs are designed for students to make practice on various quality-oriented software construction techniques. Two-year practice demonstrates that our course design significantly facilitates the transformation from programming-oriented training to engineering-oriented training and has been widely welcome by undergraduates from CS and SE.


The effect of the combined, electric-vibrating field on the formation of the particles of metallic filler of chain structures in adhesive interlayers of compounds on filled adhesives in the uncured state is examined. It is shown that at influence on the uncured adhesive layer by electric-vibrating field due to the formation of chains from filler particles the thermal conductivity of the interlayer increases. Increasing the electric field stress, frequency of mechanical oscillations, the filler concentration and its dispersion results in increase of given thermal conductivity of adhesive layers. Due to the increased mass of the individual filler particles their strength under the influence of the interaction of the electric field increases, which leads to an increase in thermal conductivity of filled adhesive layer. Exposure to by electric-vibrating field of on the adhesive layer of dispersed-filled adhesive also increases the strength of adhesive joints. The proposed technology can be used in high-tech fields of modern technology.


The mechanisms of network transport and its management were put forward on the basis of analyzing the characteristics of multi transport. A set of data packet format which meets the requirements of the system was designed and the model of the receiving queues was described. The whole structure of the system and the primary functions acted by each unit were given. The theory of decoding in real time was expounded, and the structures and realization methods of the decoders were also described. The ideas of saving in sections in real time and querying were expressed. Tests and comparisons were made between the performances of systems.


Background: Protein malnutrition is one of the most common causes of death and illness among children under five years in developing countries. The gastrointestinal tract is the first part of the body to be affected in such condition. Substitution of animal protein intake by vegetarian protein as soymilk could be a life saving solution. Aim of the work: This study aimed to monitor the effect of protein malnutrition on the jejunal mucosa and liver of young rats, and to evaluate the possible beneficial effect of soymilk rehabilitation. Materials and Methods: Forty young albino rats were used in this study. They were divided into three groups. Group I served as a control group. Group II rats were subjected to protein malnutrition for two weeks. In group III, rats were subjected to protein malnutrition for two weeks followed by rehabilitation by soymilk intake for four weeks. The weight of animals was monitored in each group. Jejunal and liver specimens were taken, processed either for light microscopic, scanning or transmission electron microscopic examination. Morphometric and statistical studies were also done. Results and conclusion: Protein malnutrition resulted in major degenerative changes in the jejunal mucosa and liver structure. Rehabilitation by soymilk successfully attenuated this degenerative condition. [Azza Abd El Moneim Attia, Nevine Bahaa, Abeer A. Abd El Samad. Histological Study on the Effect of protein malnutrition on liver and Jejunal mucosa of young rat and role of Soymilk Administration. J Am Sci 2015;11(6):24-38]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 4


Abstract : Failure of a cam clutch after some 2,000 hours of operation was found to be due to bearing failure. When examined in the scanning electron microscope, evidence of molten metal in the form of craters or pools, and of minute globules of metal was found on the balls and races of the bearings. This suggested that electrical arcing between the balls and the races had occurred, and this was considered to be the primary cause of subsequent fatigue and other mechanical damage to these components.


Qualitative research methods were used to study families who had made or were in the process of making the decision to use a feeding tube to meet the nutrition needs of their child with a disability. Data were gathered over a 2-year period through interviews with eight families. Family decision making in the context of quality of life was examined using a theoretical family systems model. Descriptive themes and issues emerged from the data that led to a greater understanding of what families face in making this decision for their child. The data can help families and professionals work in partnership before a child becomes severely malnourished or medically compromised as a result of inadequate nutrition. The themes and issues are discussed and implications for future interventions and research are presented.


In this work, an efficient carbothermal reduction–nitridation strategy was rationally designed and delicately tailored to directly synthesize spherical granules of aluminum nitride. Effects of processing parameters, such as N2 pressure, additives and temperature on the nitridation ratio, especially on the morphologies of the AlN granules were elaborately investigated. The experimental results showed that the elevated N2 pressure of 0.9 MPa and additives of CaF2 and Y2O3 greatly favored for forming micrometer-sized AlN granules with smooth spherical appearance. More significantly, the underlying formation mechanism of spherical morphology and large particle size was also attentively put forward.


The magnetic exchange splitting of epitaxial Fe films is determined using inverse photoemission. fcc Fe grown on Cu(100) is found in two phases, one obtained by deposition at 300 K with a splitting of 1.2 eV, and the second with a splitting of 0.9 eV obtained after annealing above 450 K. bcc Fe on Ag(100) exhibits a splitting of 1.8 eV, similar to that of bulk Fe. The magnetic splitting of the 3d states is shown to be correlated linearly with the local magnetic moment, with a slope of 1 eV/μ B . This relation holds not only for ferromagnets, but also for antiferromagnets, spin glasses, and the free atoms


Recent analytical and empirical research in budgeting has focused on conditions under which participation may or may not prove beneficial to the firm. The present study seeks to examine (in a budget setting) the impact on firm returns of managerial participation, private state information, and relative skill. Experimental results indicate a significant improvement in firm and managerial welfare across favorable and unfavorable private state information with budgetary participation. A significant interaction between the type of state information and participation is reported for managers but not firm returns. Finally, relative skill signals are shown to lead to improved managerial performance.


Various methods have been proposed recently to solve the problem of weak domain adaptability of Chinese word segmentation (CWS) models based on neural networks. However, although some of these improved models achieve high segmentation accuracy in a specific domain, they need to be retrained when applied to another. After rethinking the domain adaptability, two criteria, including the segmentation accuracy and the universality, are suggested for measuring it. Taking the above two criteria into consideration, an improved neural-based CWS model is proposed, which incorporates the common lexicon and unlabeled data into BERT. To make the most use of lexicon, a new method is proposed to construct the lexicon-based feature vector. In addition, the domain-specific words can be effectively extracted by pre-training a language model on the unlabeled data. Finally, a GRU-like gate structure is used to integrate the lexicon-based feature vector and language model into BERT. Experiments on five different domains reveal that the domain adaptability of this model is very strong.


The utility model discloses a transformer insulation online monitoring device, comprising a gas-oil separator 1 and a chromatographic detection control box 2. The gas-oil separator 1 is arranged in the chromatographic detection control box 2. The transformer online monitoring device with this structure has accurate detection result, easy equipment installation and debugging.


In the article the main parts of optimization of bank organizational structure are reviewed, the preconditions of changes and the ways of structural adjustment are defined. Herewith the improvement of bank structure will encourage the reduction in expenditure and increase of work efficiency as well assimplification of bank structures due to cooperation with outsourcing companies. Three-tier model of bank management is described within the framework of structuring according to the main business dimensions and busiess segmentation. The changes of population for one banking centre in euro-zone countries and Ukraine are analized and these changes reflect the optimization of banking network structure. Within the research it is defined that banking structures will develop in the segment of retail business in the direction of remote maintenance of customers via the Internet, ATM and mobile communication lines.


The problem of adaptive Kalman filtering for a discrete observable linear time-varying system with unknown noise covariance matrices is addressed in this paper. The measurement difference autocovariance method is used to formulate a linear least squares cost function containing the measurements and the process and measurement noise covariance matrices. Subsequently, a Riemannian trust-region optimization approach is designed to minimize the least squares cost function and ensure symmetry and positive definiteness for the estimates of the noise covariance matrices. The noise covariance matrix estimates, under sufficient excitation of the system, are shown to converge to their unknown true values. Saliently, the exponential stability and convergence guarantees for the proposed adaptive Kalman filter to the optimal Kalman filter with known noise covariance matrices is shown to be achieved under the relatively mild assumptions of uniform observability and uniform controllability. Numerical simulations on a linear time-varying system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive filtering algorithm.


Self-consistent scalar relativistic band structure calculations for NaI, KI and RbI performed both in NaCl (B1) and CsCl (B2) structures using the tight-binding linear muffin tin orbital (TB-LMTO) method are reported. The valence bandwidths were calculated and compared with the available experimental and theoretical results. From the total energy calculations, the equilibrium lattice constants, the bulk moduli, the reduced volumes, and the corresponding pressures at which the compounds KI and RbI undergo B1 → B2 structural phase transitions as well as metallisation were calculated. These values agree reasonably well with the reported experimental values. The calculations rule out the possibility of B1 → B2 structural transformation in the case of NaI and the reason for this is discussed.


Regional precipitation depends chiefly on the large scale flow and local topography. Large scale moisture influx determines the amount of moisture available for the precipitation. Topography affects two major factors in the local precipitation: Low-level vertical motion and local water vapor transport. Topography also affects partitioning the total precipitation into rain and snow since the snow line is usually lower than the peaks of major mountain ranges during wintertime.


(CHEST 2003; 123:272–276) A 27-year-old woman from Trinidad presented at a rehabilitation facility with a 3-day history of fever and shortness of breath. Six months prior to hospital admission, she had received a diagnosis of HIV infection at an outside institution, at which time antiretroviral therapy was initiated. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis was not initiated at that time. Her CD4 T-cell count at the time of diagnosis is unknown. One month prior to hospital admission, she began treatment for a presumptive diagnosis of PCP with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and prednisone at another hospital. She improved and was transferred to a chronic care facility to complete her course of therapy. Three days prior to hospital admission, while at the chronic care facility, the patient was completing her therapy and her dose of prednisone was tapered. She subsequently developed a fever of 102°F, shortness of breath, cough with scanty sputum, and abdominal pain in both upper quadrants. She denied having any purulent or bloody sputum, headache, photophobia, chest pain, palpitation, dysphagia, diarrhea, or dysuria. Two days prior to hospital admission, a regimen of broad-spectrum antibiotics was initiated at the chronic care facility, including vancomycin, ceftriaxone, and amikacin, presumably as coverage for nosocomial superinfection. However, her symptoms worsened, and she was transferred to our institution within approximately 24 h of her acute illness. The patient denied any other concurrent medical problems. Her medications at the time of transfer to our institution included multiple antiretroviral medications, prednisone, and the antibiotics mentioned earlier. The patient drinks alcohol occasionally and denied cigarette smoking or illicit drug abuse. The patient migrated from Trinidad 2 years ago. She lived in New York City with her mother and her cousin. She was a babysitter prior to her illness.


This research work focuses on critical thinking and its impact on cyber security. This research is based on two strong premises about critical thinking viz., (1) critical thinking skills outsmart the malicious attacks in cyber security and (2) cyber intelligence is inter twinned with critical thinking. The 21 century Bloom's taxonomy is visualized from two broad angels' viz., (A) how it is applicable at different levels of current cyber security education system and (B) its impact on the cyber security professionals. Outlined a professionals' look towards cyber security; underpinning the need for CT and cyber security education. Presents a strong mapping between critical thinking life cycle and different phases in cyber security. Finally suggested few guidelines for best practices for improving the cyber security skills at modern corporate arena.


Apart from Barnstein & Mossman (1938) investigators of this problem agree that the urethral plate is an outgrowth from the walls of the cloaca and of the urogenital sinus. Some workers (Debierre, 1883; Tourneux, 1889; Schwartztrauber, 1904; Lichtenberg, 1906) consider that the region from which the urethral plate develops is of ectodermal origin, and consequently the urethral plate and the whole penile urethra are derived from ectoderm. Others (Herzog, 1904; Felix, 1912; Johnson, 1920; Williams, 1952) believe that the urogenital sinus is an endodermal derivative. Consequently according to these authors, the urethral plate and the resulting glandar urethra are of endodermal origin, the remainder of the penile urethra developing from the urogenital sinus itself. Van den Broeck (1909) agrees that the urethral plate is of endodermal origin, but considers that it contributes to the lining of all parts of the penile urethra, and that surface epithelium covering the urethral folds is incorporated into the floor of the urethra. Siddiqi (1937) considers that the dorsal half of the urethral plate develops from the urogenital sinus, whereas the ventral part is derived from the ectodermal cloaca. Thus the bulbo-urethral glands, the bulb, the floor of the proximal two-thirds and the whole of the distal third of the urethra are ectodermal, but the roof of the proximal two-thirds of the urethra is purely endodermal in origin. Berry Hart (1908) and Wood Jones (1910, 1914) suggest that the glandar urethra results from the canalization of an ectodermal cord of cells which joins the lumen of the spongy urethra, itself derived from endodermal tissue. Barnstein & Mossman (1938) have enunciated a completely different concept. According to them, the urethral plate develops as an ectodermal ingrowth from the urethral groove along the under surface of the phallus. This ectodermal lamina gives rise to the whole penile urethra and the bulbo-urethral glands.


Investment control implement through the whole processes of the construction items,how architecture performing the investment to maximum the benefit/cost is one of the most important goals for the enterprise. To improve the ability, the students should understand the knowledge widely during campus life. To adapt to this request, it is necessary to train students of civil engineering to set up the design in technique and economy combination.


Abstract The frequent occurrence of chlorides and carbonates in the form of microinclusions of melts or high-density fluid (HDF) in diamonds and igneous minerals of kimberlites worldwide generates genuine interest in their phase diagrams under pressure. Here, we present the first experimental results on the phase relations in the NaCl-CaCO3 and NaCl-MgCO3 systems at 6 GPa in the range 1000–1600 °C performed using a multi-anvil press. We found that both systems have the eutectic type of phase diagrams. The subsolidus assemblages are represented by halite + aragonite and halite + magnesite. Halite-aragonite eutectic is situated just below 1200 °C and has a composition of 40 wt% NaCl and 60 wt% CaCO3. Halite-magnesite eutectic is located at 1300 °C and has a composition of 72 wt% NaCl and 28 wt% MgCO3. The halite melting point was established at 1500 °C. Complete miscibility between carbonate and chloride liquids was observed up to 1600 °C. The results support the hypotheses that saline HDF is either a low-temperature derivative or precursor of mantle carbonatite HDF. The data also do not exclude an alternative hypothesis, according to which saline HDF are formed as a result of the reduction of the carbonate component of chloride-containing carbonatite melts to diamond.


A new blazed metasurface grating for circularly polarized (CP) incident wave operating at 10 GHz is proposed. Such a structure can provide strong auto-collimation for the CP incident wave. Unlike the conventional scatterer, which typically reverses the handedness of the incident CP wave upon reflection, the proposed grating can preserve the handedness. The auto-collimation blazing effect and handedness preservation are achieved by a specially designed reactive impedance surface, which allows independent response controls to transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations. The proposed idea is demonstrated by simulations and verified by experiments. Comparisons with conventional sawtooth grating are made through measurements.


【The purpose of this paper is to present author's experience with 6 cases of ruptured aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva which were treated surgically during last 10 years. Among the 6 cases, 5 were male and one was female. All of them originated from the right coronary sinus and 5 cases were ruptured into the RV while remained one into RA. The diagnosis was obtained in 4 cases by cineangiocardiogram. Clinically, we had difficulties in differential diagnosis with combined cases of VSD with A.I. and had special experience in its differentiation during cardiac catheterization. By simultaneous trans-venous and trans-arterial catheterization, identified two catheter tips in the RV, and pull back tracing obtained aortic pressure directly from RV, and RA from RV pressure which were benefit in confirm ruptured aneurysm of the aortic sinus. Surgical correction was performed by means of direct suture closure or combined Teflon pledget Of patch enforcement graft after aneurysm resection by trans-RA or trans-RV approach. All patients had no history of bacterial endocarditis, syphilis, or tuberculosis and operative findings revealed intact coronary sinus except involved one moreover 3 cases combined with high VSD which uggested congenital in origin although pathologic reports revealed only fibrosis. Post-operative course were uneventful in all cases but one who had bleeding and 2 months to 9 years follow up results were good and spend their usual life in all cases.】


To reduce the amount of data transfer in networked control systems and wireless sensor networks, measurements are usually taken only when an event occurs, rather than at each synchronous sampling instant. However, this complicates estimation and control problems considerably. The goal of this paper is to develop a state estimation algorithm that can successfully cope with event based measurements. Firstly, we propose a general methodology for defining event based sampling. Secondly, we develop a state estimator with a hybrid update, i.e. when an event occurs the estimated state is updated using measurements; otherwise the update makes use of the knowledge that the monitored variable is within a bounded set that defines the event. A sum of Gaussians approach is employed to obtain a computationally tractable algorithm.


This paper presents a review of the present states of commercially available silicon bipolar transistors and projects what power at frequency performance will be available in the next few years. It discusses the need for implementing certain fabrication/processing developments necessary to meet the projected power at frequency performance Ievels.


Recently, optically reconfigurable gate arrays consisting of a holographic memory, a laser array, and an optically reconfigurable gate array VLSI have been under development as high-speed dynamic reconfigurable devices. High-speed dynamic reconfiguration of optically reconfigurable gate arrays can be achieved using a two-dimensional optical bus. If such high-speed reconfiguration were feasible, then its programmable gate array performance could be increased dramatically. This paper presents a demonstration of high-speed asynchronous optical dynamic reconfiguration based on an optically reconfigurable gate array VLSI. The reconfiguration speed of the optically reconfigurable gate array can reach 206.44 Gbit/s.


Abstract A field experiment involved the observation of souvenir shop transactions in Salzburg, Austria. An overpay and an underpay condition were introduced to determine if dishonesty, indifference, or carelessness played a factor in the cashier's keeping incorrect change. Female cashiers were found to be more likely to keep the change when overpaid by female confederates than by male confederates. Dishonesty, defined as keeping overpaid change that was counted, occurred in 26% of the cases. Indifference, defined as not requesting additional money when underpaid change was counted, occurred in 22% of the cases. Carelessness, defined as failing to count the change given when overpaid or underpaid, occurred in 37.5% of the cases. The findings suggest that carelessness and indifference should be considered as relevant variables when studying dishonesty in the marketplace.


In the course of our systemic lupus erythematosus (S.L.E.) plasma transfusion experiments we have succeeded in producing the lupus erythematosus (L.E.) cell phenomenon in man and dog (Bencze, Cserhdti, K6vacs, and Tiboldi, 1958; Bencze and Luddnyi, 1960). Our further experiments have confirmed the existence of two types of lupus erythematosus plasma factor, one transferable and one non-transferable (Bencze, K6vacs, and Cserhdti, 1959; Bencze, Lakatos, and Luddnyi, 1960). These two types of factor produced identical results in man and dog, the S.L.E. plasma factor of transferable type proving to be transferable in every case and vice versa. These two types of factor are independent of the recipient, depend exclusively on the plasma of the donor, and the amount transfused has no bearing on their incidence. This paper reports on our recent plasma transfusion experiments, performed on rabbits, guineapigs, rats, and mice, with plasma obtained from three patients with S.L.E. The plasma factor from these three patients proved to be transferable in repeated experiments, and an amount of 0 125 to I *0 ml./kg. body weight transfused into dogs, produced the L.E.-cell phenomenon in all cases.


Behavior of geopolymer concrete‐filled circular steel tube members was experimentally investigated. Four column specimens and one beam specimen were prepared using fly‐ash based geopolymer concrete. The material properties for both circular steel tubes and the geopolymer concrete infill were measured. The column specimens were tested under concentric and eccentric compression while the beam specimen was tested under three‐pointing bending, aiming to investigate the behavior of the structures subject to compression or combined loading. The load‐deformation behavior, compressive and bending strengths and failure mode of the specimens observed through the experiments are also reported in this paper. The compressive load and moment interaction relationship was developed using the experimental results. The measured ultimate compressive loads and ultimate moment capacity were also compared with the predictions obtained based on European and American Standards. It shows through the comparison that the predictions based on the standards are conservative. Therefore, the European and American Standards can be applied to safely design the structures.


Under conditions of rapid or continual technological change, understanding how the transition from old technology to new works is critical to organizational success. We apply the Six Facets Model of technology management to the process innovation challenges faced by the printing industry. This new application of the model yields insights not only into the printing industry but into how the process innovation process can be managed in any industry facing high levels of technological change. Thus, the Six Facets Model is validated in a new, broader setting, suggesting it be widely applied in industries facing significant changes in technology.