Background: Because of disadvantages of excessive dietary crude protein (CP), decreasing dietary CP of dairy cows has attracted the worldwide attention. Rumen protected methionine (RPM) supplementation can allow lower CP diets and is beneficial to milk production performance, N efficiency of cows and environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of reducing dietary CP and supplementing RPM on production, digestibility of nutrients, blood parameters, ruminal metabolites and economic effectiveness in lactating Holstein dairy cows. Results: A total of 96 lactating cows (63 ± 25 d in milk; 34.4 ± 5.74 kg/d of milk production; mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: diet containing 17.3% CP without RPM (control group; CON; n = 49); diet containing 16.4% CP with supplementing 15.0 g/d of RPM (treatment group; RPM; n = 47). No effect was observed of reducing dietary CP on milk yield and milk composition. The apparent digestibility of nutrients was similar between treatments. The results related to blood showed that cows in RPM group exhibited lower concentration of blood urea nitrogen than that in CON group (P < 0.001). Moreover, there were no differences between treatments on concentrations of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, globulin and albumin. In ruminal metabolites, microbial crude protein (MCP) of dairy cows in RPM group was higher compared with CON group (P = 0.006). Ruminal volatile fatty acid (VFA) contents were not changed by treatments except that the concentrations of butyrate and isovalerate of RPM group were higher than that of CON group at 2 h after feeding (P < 0.05). In addition, supplying the diet of 16.4% CP with RPM supplementation to cows could reduce feeding cost by 0.5 $/d per cow and boost net profits. Conclusions: Lower dietary CP with RPM supplementation did not limit milk yield, milk composition and apparent digestibility of nutrients, and could improve nitrogen utilization of dairy cows and synthesis of MCP in rumen, change VFA production at 2 h after feeding, as well as boost the economic benefits of the dairy farms.


The metabolic course of energy substance in the muscle during starvation period was studied.Samples were picked up in the 1st,4th,8th,16th,24th,32nd,40th,48th day during starvation period and the chemical composition (moisture,lipid,protein and ash) in the whole fish and the muscle were detected.The results showed that content of moisture and ash decreased,while the content of lipid and protein increased.During the starvation period,the protein compostion in the muscle decreased from 18.82% to 16.42%.The rate of protein consumption was -12.66.The lipid composion in the muscle decreased from 1.79% to 1.03% while the rate of lipid comsumption was -44.62.At the sametime,the protein compostion in the whole fish decreased from 17.43% to 15.85%.And the rate of protein consumption was -9.84 while the lipid compositon in the whole fish decreased from 2.98% to 2.11%.The rate of lipid consumption was -31.05.


Background: Obesity is a complex disorder influenced by various genetic and environmental factors. It has been shown that gut microbiota, which colonizes gastrointestinal tract, has a substantial role as an environmental factor in the pathophysiology of obesity. Since the composition of gut microbiota alters with regard to different criteria, such as ethnicity, geographical location, diet, lifestyle, age, and gender, we aimed to determine F/B ratio and the abundance of important gut microbiota members, A. muciniphila, F. prausnitzii, Roseburia, Bifidobacterium, and Prevotella in Iranian obese and normal weight individuals, for the first time. Methods: In this study, 50 normal and 50 obese subjects were recruited and classified based on their BMI into normal weight and obese groups. Stool samples were collected. Following DNA extraction from the samples, qPCR was conducted based on 16s rDNA universal primers. Finally, the correlation between the bacterial abundance and obesity was analyzed by statistical analyses. Results: We observed a significant increase of F/B ratio in the obese group, compared to the normal weight group (p = 0.002). Although A. muciniphila (p = 0.039) and Bifidobacterium (p = 0.049) abundance significantly decreased, the abundance of F. prausnitzii (p = 0.046) significantly elevated with BMI increase in the studied groups. Conclusion: Owing to the importance of the gut microbiota composition in obesity development, determination and targeted restoration of gut microbiota pattern could be valuable in the control and treatment of obesity in certain populations.


C.elegans is a biomedical key model organism as it is a simple, easy to maintain eukaryote, which shares many gene homologues with higher mammals. As each of its cells has been traced during development and characterized by light microscopy, mass spectrometry‐based time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) imaging seems to promise exciting new insights. In this study, we have investigated simple but basic factors for ToF‐SIMS‐based imaging of C.elegans. By comparing chemical standards and two authentic C. elegans mutant extracts (N2 and Daf‐2), we found that for our purposes, Bi3+ is better suited due to its higher mass and spatial resolution. We also investigated the use of light microscopy slides as imaging substrates and gold coating as standard for mass calibration in higher mass ranges. Our findings and preliminary imaging results show that ToF‐SIMS is a well‐suited platform for mass spectrometry imaging. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


PurposeThis study examines the contextual variables that can curb the negative effects of role conflict on job satisfaction and enhance the positive effect of job satisfaction on creativity and service performance. More specifically, adopting the job demands-resources theory, the authors explore the interactive effect of frontline employee (FLE) self-monitoring and FLE-manager trust on the relationship between role conflict and job satisfaction. Extending this line of inquiry, the authors adopt social identity theory and analyze the moderating effect of FLE-manager identification on the relationship between job satisfaction and creativity and between job satisfaction and service performance.Design/methodology/approachDyadic data utilizing 122 responses from FLEs and their managers were obtained from FLEs working with a major financial services firm in India. Structural equation modeling and PLS were used to assess the hypothesized relationships.FindingsThe negative relationship between role conflict and job satisfaction is reduced at higher levels of FLE self-monitoring and FLE-manager trust. Furthermore, FLE manager identification accentuates the effect of job satisfaction on creativity and service performance.Practical implicationsOrganizations should invest in developing FLEs' personal and job-related resources to reduce the deleterious effects of role conflicts on FLEs' job outcomes. Specifically, managers should hire FLEs who are high in self-monitoring while enhancing FLE-manager trust and FLE-manager identification.Originality/valueRole conflict is inevitable in a service job and can have serious negative downstream consequences. Hence, the study explores the important contextual factors that can help an organization develop policies to reduce the negative effects of role conflict.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of String Vibration Damper on the myoelectric activity of the wrist extensors during the impact phase of backhand stroke technique.15 elite and 15 novice tennis players with an age ranging from18 Only one racket was used and was impacted by a pressuri velocity. The ball impacts were directed the racket throat area with and without using the String Vibration Damper. The participants were not allowed to see the ball impacts, as stand was placed between the partic rest periods in String Vibration Damper. Results revealed that there was no significant effec Vibration Damper on the mean values of maximum EMG activity of the examined muscles (P>0.05). But, the decrease in the myoelectric activity of tennis beginners is significant, indicated that it may be preferable to use the string vibratio occurrence of lateral elbow pain. In conclusion, the results of the study do not support the concept of using the String Vibration Damper to reduce the myoelectric activity of the wrist extensor du tennis playing.


A design method of compact multi-stage bandpass filters (BPFs) using A.!4 stepped-impedanc e resonator s (SIRs) which are arranged in line on coplanar waveguide (CPW) is presented. Two-and six-stage Chebyshev CPW BPF designs with J-and K-inverters are demonstrated by using electromagnetic field simulators. Overall transmission and reflection characte ristics of the BPFs are calculated based on the equivalent circuits obtained. The frequency characteristics agreed well with the theoretical results and validity of the design method is confirmed.


Segmentation of scene text components to recognize the text contained therein is an active area in scene image analysis. In this paper, a new character segmentation method has been proposed for segmenting scene text candidate regions extracted from scene images. At first, original scene text components are converted into binary text components. Then, we apply distance transformation on these components and generate the distance matrix. After that hierarchical distance slices are generated and total number of hierarchical distance slices are divided into different quarters. After slice selection we apply histogram based vertical projection profile to segment the characters one by one. This method is implemented on a dataset of 260 camera captured text components. It has been observed that the proposed method is very effective for adjacent characters which are either closely placed or are overlapping as well as disconnected. Experimental results show an average character segmentation rate of 80.69% for the dataset of closely placed and disconnected characters.


Today, treatment effect estimation at the individual level isa vital problem in many areas of science and business. For example, inmarketing, estimates of the treatment effect are used to select the mostefficient promo-mechanics; in medicine, individual treatment effects areused to determine the optimal dose of medication for each patient and soon. At the same time, the question on choosing the best method, i.e., themethod that ensures the smallest predictive error (for instance, RMSE)or the highest total (average) value of the effect, remains open. Accord-ingly, in this paper we compare the effectiveness of machine learningmethods for estimation of individual treatment effects. The comparisonis performed on the Criteo Uplift Modeling Dataset. In this paper weshow that the combination of the Logistic Regression method and theDifference Score method as well as Uplift Random Forest method pro-vide the best correctness of Individual Treatment Effect prediction onthe top 30% observations of the test dataset.


Battery-powered wireless embedded smart cameras havelimited processing power, memory and energy. Since videoprocessing tasks consume significant amount of power,the problem of limited resources becomes even more pro-nounced, and necessitates designing light-weight algo-rithms suitable for embedded platforms. In this paper, wepresent a resource-efficient salient foreground detection andtracking algorithm. Contrary to traditional methods thatimplement foreground object detection and tracking inde-pendently and in a sequential manner, the proposed methoduses the feedback from the tracking stage in the foregroundobject detection. We compare the proposed method with asequential method on the microprocessor of an embeddedsmart camera, and present the savings in the processingtime and energy consumption and the gain in the lifetimeof a battery-powered camera for different scenarios. Thepresented method provides significant savings in terms ofthe processing time of a frame. We take advantage of thesesavings by sending the microprocessor to idle state at theend of processing a frame, and when the scene is empty.


Smoothing noises while preserving strong edges in images is an important problem in image processing. Image smoothing filters can be either explicit (based on local weighted average) or implicit (based on global optimization). Implicit methods are usually time‐consuming and cannot be applied to joint image filtering tasks, i.e., leveraging the structural information of a guidance image to filter a target image. Previous deep learning based image smoothing filters are all implicit and unavailable for joint filtering. In this paper, we propose to learn explicit guidance feature maps as well as offset maps from the guidance image and smoothing parameter that can be utilized to smooth the input itself or to filter images in other target domains. We design a deep convolutional neural network consisting of a fully‐convolution block for guidance and offset maps extraction together with a stacked spatially varying deformable convolution block for joint image filtering. Our models can approximate several representative image smoothing filters with high accuracy comparable to state‐of‐the‐art methods, and serve as general tools for other joint image filtering tasks, such as color interpolation, depth map upsampling, saliency map upsampling, flash/non‐flash image denoising and RGB/NIR image denoising.


Virtualization is being widely adopted in today's computing systems. Its unique advantages in isolating and introspecting commodity OSes as virtual machines have enabled a wide spectrum of applications. However, a common, fundamental assumption of all these virtualization-based systems is the presence of a trustworthy hypervisor. Unfortunately, recent successful attacks against hypervisors, in addition to the bloated trusted computing base and highly complex internal logic of commodity (type-I and type-II) hypervisors, seriously question the validity of this assumption.
In this dissertation, we first present two systems to mitigate the threats posed by vulnerable type-I and type-II hypervisors, respectively: HyperSafe is a lightweight approach that enables control flow integrity of type-I hypervisors for their self-protection. It has two key techniques: non-bypassable memory lockdown reliably protects the hypervisor's code integrity even in the presence of exploitable memory corruption bugs, and restricted pointer indexing enforces control flow integrity by converting control data into restricted pointer indexes; HyperLock is a systematic approach to strictly isolate vulnerable type-II hypervisors from compromising the host OSes. It also has two key techniques: hypervisor isolation runtime securely isolates a hypervisor in its own dedicated address space and restricts its instruction set for safe execution, and hypervisor shadowing efficiently creates an individual shadow hypervisor for each guest so that a compromised hypervisor can affect only the paired guest, not others. We have built a prototype for both systems based respectively on two open-source type-I hypervisors (i.e., BitVisor and Xen) and one type-II hypervisor (i.e., KVM). The security experiments and performance measurements of these prototypes demonstrated the practicality and effectiveness of our approaches.
The above two systems lay a solid foundation for secure virtualization-based systems. A wide range of virtualization-based security mechanisms can benefit from them. HookSafe, the third system presented in this dissertation, is one such system designed to mitigate serious threats from kernel rootkits. Specifically, many kernel rootkits hide their presence and activities by subverting kernel hooks (function pointers). A critical step toward eliminating kernel rootkits is to protect such hooks from being hijacked. This remains as a challenge due to the so-called protection granularity gap: kernel hook protection requires byte-level granularity but commodity hardware only provides page-level protection. HookSafe leverages the virtualization technology to address this problem. A key observation behind our approach is that a kernel hook, once initialized, may be frequently read but rarely changed. As such, HookSafe relocates those kernel hooks to dedicated memory pages and regulates accesses to them efficiently with hardware-based page-level protection. Our experiments with a prototype of HookSafe demonstrate that HookSafe can enable large-scale hook protection with a small overhead.


Introduction The stationary phase of traditional liquid chromatography (LC) columns is a bed of microparticles packed in random fashion inside a cylinder or capillary tube. The particles have a certain size distribution, which combined with their random placement creates a level of heterogeneity throughout the bed. As a result, the paths available to the sample molecules for their migration through the column are not identical, resulting in slightly different migration times, which give rise to additional dispersion in the overall separation. To avoid this, PharmaFluidics has developed columns filled with accurately positioned, ordered arrays of free-standing pillars, instead of particles packed in a tube. With their perfect order, the pillars reduce dispersion to an absolute minimum, as all molecules follow identical paths through the column. This ordered configuration results in better peak resolution, sharper elution peaks, and increased sensitivity. In addition, the columns have much higher permeability, which allows for long columns to be operated at moderate pressures. This article explains specific features of the micro-pillar array-based columns (μPACTM) and their application to shotgun proteomics in combination with data-independent acquisition (DIA) methodology.


the coVId-19 pandemic has exposed the vulnerability of medical product and pharmaceutical supply chains. Most countries in the Global north, including the united States of America (uS) and member states of the European union (Eu), as well as in the Global South faced shortages of various critical medical products in early 2020, with negative effects on patients and health care workers (ranney et al. 2020; truog et al. 2020). In contrast, coVId-19 induced shortages of pharmaceutical products (excl. vaccines) were, so far and with a few exceptions, rare and with very limited negative effects for patients. nonetheless, the coVId-19 pandemic highlighted already existing and potential new vulnerabilities for the security of supply of various pharmaceutical products in the Global north and South. Against this background, debates on various policies to promote strategic autonomy and increase supply security of socalled critical products intensified. Based on an analysis of the medical product and pharmaceutical global value chains (GVcs), this contribution discusses the policy implications of the coVId-19 crisis in the Global north and South. the article also highlights that policies to increase supply security in the Global north may have adverse effects on economic development and supply security in the Global South.


Our study was supported by the Choi Shin-Hai Neuropsychiatry Research Fund (2013) of the Korean Foundation of Neuropsychiatry Research. The funding source had no further role in the study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data, in the writing of the report or in the decision to submit the paper for publication.


The current research aimed to assess contamination levels in the soil of study area by heavy metals. Eight sites were selected for the collection of soil samples. The eight heavy metals namely As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn were analyzed in each soil samples by using ICP-MS technology. The measured concentrations of heavy metals were compared with Geochemical Background values, EPA Sediment Quality Guidelines, Ecological Screening values, and WHO Guidelines. The spatial distribution maps of ecological indices were performed using ArcGIS software (version 10.2), which provides an idea of the geographical distribution of heavy metals contamination levels in the soil of Shewasoor sub-basin. The soil contamination by heavy metals assessed using Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI), Nemerow Pollution Index (P_N), Hazard Index (HI), and Cancer Risk. The RI showed there are high risk of heavy metals in soil and according to P_N the soil has been moderate to severely contaminated by heavy metals. The hazard index of all soil samples was within acceptable range for adults and showed unacceptable risk for children. While the total cancer risk values of As and Cr were within acceptable limits, whereas of Pb, Cd, Co, and Ni were lower than acceptable risk range at all sites for adults and children. Ecological indices which are used to assess the contamination levels in the soil by heavy metals refers to the soil of study area was contaminated moderate to heavily by heavy metals, this attributed to the natural and anthropogenic pollution sources around and within the study area.


The study investigates interactions between information sharing offices, the coexistence of financial sub-systems and financial access. The empirical evidence is based on Quantile regressions in order to articulate countries with low, intermediate and high levels of financial access. The scope of the study is on 53 African countries for the period 2004-2011. The following main results are established. First, the positive association between "information sharing offices (ISOs)" and "formal financial sector development" consistently increases with improvements in initial levels of credit access. Second, the negative linkage between ISOs and "informal financial sector development" consistently decreases with increasing levels of credit access. In summary, we establish that the positive complementarity of ISOs and financial formalization is an increasing function of financial activity (or access to credit) whereas the negative complementarity


In the present paper we offer a model of the growth kinetics of Sil-xGe< layers from silane and germane molecular flows. The model considers disintegration of silane and germane molecules from chemisorption to formation of Si and Ge adatoms and their embedding in a crystal lattice. The numerical modeling of the epitaxial process has shown good agreement with the experimental data and has allowed to explain peculiarities of the experimental dependencies. The effective frequencies of SiH 3 and SiH 2 disintegration for the considered epitaxial method were estimated. Introduction In the last decade the chemical vapour deposition from silicon and germanium hydrides at low pressures has been actively used for Silj Ge, layer epitaxy. Despite the large number of experimental works the number of theoretical researches is insignificant, and the available models describe experimental data inadequately Therefore, as remarked by L. T Vinh with co-workers "improved models thus seem to be indispensable" [1]. The not good enough agreement of the theory and experiment is possible connected to an extremely simplified consideration of chemical processes on a growing surface. On the other hand, a detailed description of the kinetics of surface reactions inevitably will result in an increase of a number of parameters describing the rates of elementary processes. The task is complicated also by that the values of the majority of rate constants disintegration of SiH, and GeH, molecules, unfortunately, are unknown. In the present paper we offer a model of the growth kinetics of Sij -Ge, layers from silane and germane molecular flows. The model considers disintegration of silane and germane molecules from chemisorption to formation of Si and Ge adatoms and their embedding in a crystal lattice. Using the published experimental data, on the basis of the model we have made estimations of rate constants of disintegration of SilH3 and SilH2 molecules. 1 Model A comprehensive analysis of the process of disintegration of SiH, molecules on a surface Si(100) is made by S. M. Gates with co-workers [2]. They found out that the complete mechanism of silane disintegration is reactions: •(1) Si4~ SSiH4 V NMH, H2, 3 Sil14 + 2 "ýi4 Sill3 + 1 (1), SiH3 +1 -V Sil2 + H (2), 2SiH2 --t 2SiH + H 2 (3), •(2) Si2 ML2 SiHl+ H (4), SilH Si +1H 2 (5).


We explore the differences between developing a system using extreme programming techniques, and maintaining a legacy system. We investigate whether applying extreme programming techniques to legacy maintenance is useful and feasible.


The invention discloses a real-time sugarcane cutting mechanism of a sugarcane planting machine. The real-time sugarcane cutting mechanism of the sugarcane planting machine comprises a frame, a feed inlet, two conveying rollers, an upper guide sleeve, a lower guide sleeve, a cutting cutter head, a seed guide groove, first spray heads and second spray heads, wherein the feed inlet is arranged in the frame; the two conveying rollers are erected on the frame and are further located below the feed inlet; the upper guide sleeve is erected on the frame and is further located below the conveying rollers; the lower guide sleeve is erected on the frame and is further located below the upper guide sleeve; the cutting cutter head is erected on the frame and is further located between the upper guide sleeve and the lower guide sleeve; the cutting cutter head is provided with a cutter blade; the seed guide groove is erected on the frame, and further, the upper end of the seed guide groove is corresponding to the lower end of the lower guide sleeve; the first spray heads are arranged in the lower guide sleeve, and orifices of the first spray heads face obliquely upwards; the second spray heads are arranged in the seed guide groove, and orifices of the second spray heads face obliquely downwards. By using the real-time sugarcane cutting mechanism of the sugarcane planting machine, the smoothness of the cut surface of a sugarcane seed can be guaranteed; an end breakage rate is decreased; moreover, pesticide can be sprayed on the cut surface and the surface of the sugarcane seed, so as to carry out sterilization protection on the sugarcane seed.


Foreign workers make up a substantial portion of the labor force in developed countries and emerging markets' hospitality industries. Hence, managing international employees has received the attention of scholars and multinational companies in this field. The goal of this study is to examine the association between the foreign workers' perceived organizational support (POS), cross-cultural adjustment, and job performance. This study used structural equation modeling to analyze sample data of ninety-nine hospitality workers from Indonesia who were mainly living and working in Melbourne and Sydney, Australia. The result of the study indicated that perceived organizational support positively influences cross-cultural adjustment. Also, the cross-cultural adjustment has been found to positively influences workers' job performance. Interestingly, this study found that there was an association between perceived organizational support and job performance. Lastly, cross-cultural adjustment moderates the relationship between perceived organizational support and workers' job performance. This research is one of the first studies that examine the Indonesian hospitality foreign workers' perception of organizational support, cross-cultural adjustment, and job performance. Our findings shed a new perspective on one antecedent of foreign workers' job performance. Our findings also serve to elucidate the roles of cross-cultural adjustment in a multicultural workplace.


The paper presents a novel modeling approach to LSI MOST circuits performed at the gate level. A macromodel is analytically derived and provides a direct relationship between the input function and output response of the gate. This approach or macromodeling has been implemented for over 10 000 devices in LSI with only 32K of computer core and very fast computing time. The method employed relates directly the performance parameters (e.g., turn-on voltage, rise, and fall times, etc.) to the device parameters. An insight into the propagation delay of LSI structures is gained by statistically studying the transient performance of the system using Monte-Carlo techniques. Experimental results give ample evidence of good agreement with the computed results, for which various values of x0, oxide thickness, are used.


Mary Elizabeth Curry has written a comprehensive and scholarly treatment on the life and accomplishments of J. C. Penney. This is the first book on either the company or the man to be published since his death in 1971. This book gives its emphasis to J. C. Penney, the man, and to the philosophy and character that were influential in building the successful chain. Beyond the history of James Cash Penney's merchandising genius, the book provides new insights into the origins of the famous soft goods chain. Curry documents die emergence of the "Golden Rule Stores," where Penney was hired as a temporary salesperson in 1898, the 1902 opening of the 25 x 45-foot store in Kemmener, Wyoming, and the development of the chain of full-line department stores and regional shopping mall anchors that the firm was to become in the 1960s. Curry traces the origins of the Golden Rule Stores to Tom Callahan's traveling to the West with his bride in 1889. In October of that year, Callahan opened the first of what was to become a national chain of stores operating on a successful formula: cash only, one price, odd-cent pricing, customer service, group buying, and good-quality merchandise at low prices. It was Callahan's policy to open new stores, offering one-third partnerships to managers who had proven to be honest and hardworking. In 1898, the year Penney joined the firm, the Golden Rule Stores purchased $900,000 in merchandise (p. 77). As Curry states, " . . . without Callahan's success story, Penney would never have begun building his successful chain of stores" (p. 79). J. C. Penney used the lessons learned from Callahan to build and maintain a cooperative spirit among his employees. The policy of partnerships gave Penney sufficient control to maintain an efficient operation. For example, syndicated buying, merchandise testing (1913), and private brands (1924) were essential to obtaining quality merchandise at low prices. Pen-


chapter authors when they state that "urban agriculture has the potential to play a critical role in urban sustainability," as well as "to help to create more socially just and sustainable food systems" (p. 211). The book ends too suddenly. The editors should have provided readers with a summary of the key findings, particularly on the possible contribution of strategic planning to a more balanced relationship between rural and urban areas in Asia and beyond. Despite this drawback, the book provides innovative ways of thinking about the linkage between planning and environmental issues. I recommend this book to all researchers, policymakers, and planning practitioners engaged in searching for effective solutions for future sustainable urban and rural development.


The timing of emergence of life still remains one of the unresolved questions in the early Earth. Early life could be identified and characterized by its metabolic processes, which must be deposited and preserved in the old rocks. The oldest (ca. 3.8Ga) sedimentary rocks on Earth occur in the Isua supracrustal belt (ISB), southern West Greenland. These rocks have been subjected to until amphibolite facies metamorphism (Nutman, 1986; Hayashi et al., 2000). Despite the contribution of the intense thermal metamorphism, carbon isotope compositions from the Isua metasediments suggested the evidence for biological carbon fixation. Microbial dissimilatory iron reduction (DIR) is also considered to be one of the earliest metabolisms on Earth. σFe value of Feaq generated by DIR is expected to have lower value, whereas negative σF values lower than -1 ‰ are not found in the sedimentary record prior to 2.9Ga. Here, we report the in-situ iron isotope analysis of pyrite in sedimentary rocks from the ISB, using femtosecond laser ablation multi-collector ICP-MS technique (fs-LA-MC-ICP-MS). We obtained a large variation of iron isotope data from -2.41 to +2.35 ‰ in σFe values, from 212 points of pyrite grains in 15 rock specimens, including metachert, muddy metachert, BIF, carbonate rock and conglomerate. The distribution of σFe values varies depending on the lithologies and depth gradient, whereas no correlation could be found between σFe values and the metamorphic zone. Low σC values of graphite in ISB muddy metachert suggested the existence of biological carbon fixation(e.g., Schidlowski et al.,1979). σFe values of pyrite grains from the shallow water samples show lower σFe values, which suggested the occurrence of microbial DIR in the Early Archean.


sail:lab, as an interdisciplinary project of mathematicians and sport scientists, uses the physical description of sailing to develop an E-Learning component, which can be integrated in Blended Learning scenarios in both departments. By calculating the forces and moments due to wind and current which take effect at sail, hull, rudder, and fin, the movement of a jolly-boat is visualized. An instantaneous execution of computation and a graphical user interface, which accomplishes the association of sailing instruments, enable an intuitive use, especially for sailing experienced users. So, sail:lab originates an amended theory practise transfer, that is material to reflection and consideration for sport students. In the opposite this simulation process is an exemplary instance for practise – theory transfer in mathematics.


A geothermal reservoir simulator has been employed in a series of calculations which describe the response of geothermal reservoirs to fluid production/injection from a single well. The numerical solutions were analyzed to generate interpretation techniques for pressure transient data from either single-phase or two-phase geothermal reservoirs. The investigations include (1) the drawdown/buildup response of hot water wells, (2) the drawdown/buildup behavior of initially two-phase (liquid water/steam) reservoirs, (3) the drawdown/buildup response of initially single-phase reservoirs which undergo flashing as a result of fluid production and (4) the effect of cold water injection into single-phase and two-phase reservoirs.


Efficiency and security are often regarded as opposing factors in transport operations, with increased security causing decreased efficiency. The use of information technology holds the promise of enabling improved efficiency in freight transport operations and this article suggests and elaborates on the proposition that "An increased focus on efficiency will result in improved security for carrier operations." The research for this article involved a literature review, the collection of empirical data through one in-depth case study, and elaboration on a proposition through a field pilot implementation. The selected focus was carrier operations in connection with port terminals carrying out RoRo operations on trailers. The article explores and describes how measures to increase efficiency result in increased security.


Background. Many physics concepts can be abstract and difficult to learn from books or lectures. Experiments are frequently used to overcome such difficulties and provide a sound learning experience. However, some concepts may not be experienced through experimentation or may not be experienced in real life. Recently, computer games, based on physics simulations, have been utilized to provide an alternative learning tool. Aim. Educational games designed to overcome misconceptions have proven to provide an effective alternative learning option. In this research, the authors investigate if commercial entertainment games can be used to overcome misconceptions of Newton's laws of motion as well. Method. The application of a commercial entertainment game as an effective learning tool in physics education is compared with a self-designed, 2-dimensional game. Results. Self-designed educational games induce a significantly higher learning gain than the commercial entertainment game. Conclusions and Recommendations. For teaching specific concepts using educational games, special-purpose games may produce larger learning gains.


Karl Popper, I believe, has answered for the majority. "There is, from the ethical point of view", he has said, "no symmetry between suffering and happiness. . . . Human suffering makes a direct moral appeal, namely, the appeal for help, while there is no similar call to increase the happiness of a man who is doing well anyway. . . . Instead of the greatest happiness for the greatest number, one should demand, more modestly, the least amount of avoidable suffering for all."' It is unfortunate that what Popper says there was later dubbed "Negative Utilitarianism".2 That name suggests that the issue matters only to utilitarians, whereas it matters to anyone who in any way gives weight to people's welfare. If one gives any weight to utility, then what relative weights, the general question is, should one give to the positive and negative sides of the scale? The answer that we have equally strong obligations to promote happiness and to eliminate unhappiness we might call, in order to preserve proper distance from parochial issues of utilitarianism, the "Positive Doctrine". The answer that the obligation to promote happiness is, as Popper puts it,3 "in any case much less urgent" than the obligation to eliminate unhappiness we might call the "Negative Doctrine". As Popper's words suggest, the Negative Doctrine has various forms. A Strong Negative Doctrine would maintain that promoting happiness is not morally obligatory at all-morally desirable and commendable, of course, but no part of what one is morally required to do. A Weak Negative Doctrine would maintain, instead, that promoting happiness is a slighter obligation than eliminating suffering. (Finally, one could also hold a Very Weak Negative Doctrine, in which eliminating suffering is granted more weight than promoting happiness on practical grounds. It is usually more difficult to see how to make a person happy than to see how to reduce his suffering; perhaps governments that seek to promote the good life fall into a paternalism that degenerates too easily into tyranny. Although this last form of the Negative Doctrine is not unimportant, I shall not look into it.) These two doctrines, as I have formulated them, lessen the generality of the discussion. Some who give weight to utility would not be happy with either. For instance, it might be objected that our most stringent obligation of this sort is to avoid deliberately causing suffering, our obligation to relieve 1The Open Society and Its Enemies (London, 1966), 5th ed., vol. I, pp. 284-5. 2By R. N. Smart, "Negative Utilitarianism", Mind, 67 (1958). SOp. cit., vol. I, p. 235.


Using the simple model of evenly spaced kink distribution on a single straight step in the case of an ideally stoichiometric A—B crystal, the differential equations for the stationary distributions of A and B adatoms are estabilshed and they are solved in terms of the retardation factors. For the chosen model, the potential function of the components are periodic. The total flux of A and B adatoms going to the kink are separately calculated and the rate of advance of the straight step is determined as a function of their respective supersaturations.


Seed of papaya Sukma variety is considered to be intermediate seed category. It needs to be stored in cryopreservation for germplasm storage in the long term. The research aimed at getting the best time of seed immersion in cryoprotectant and the best water content of papaya seed for cryopreservation. The study was designed as factorial in a completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was time of seed immersion in a solution of cryoprotectant with 5 levels: 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The second factor was treatment of seed moisture content: low water content (7+1%), moderate water content (12+1%%) and high water content (16+1%%). The results showed the immersion of seed with cryoprotectant for 30 minutes at the level of moderate water content (12+1%) gave the best germination rate, maximum growth potential, growth rate and vigor index 38.4%, 38.4%, 2.3%/etmal, and 7.7%, respectively.


Significance Magnetite precipitates through either abiotic or biotic processes. Magnetotactic bacteria synthesize nanosized magnetite intracellularly and may represent one of the most ancient biomineralizing organisms. Thus, identifying bacterial magnetofossils in ancient sediments remains a key point to constrain life evolution over geological times. Although electron microscopy and magnetic characterizations allow identification of recent bacterial magnetofossils, sediment aging leads to variable dissolution or alteration of magnetite, potentially yielding crystals that barely preserve their structural integrity. Thus, reliable biosignatures surviving such modifications are still needed for distinguishing biogenic from abiotic magnetite. Here, we performed magnetotactic bacteria cultures and laboratory syntheses of abiotic magnetites. We quantified trace element incorporation into both types of magnetite, which allowed us to establish criteria for biomagnetite identification. There are longstanding and ongoing controversies about the abiotic or biological origin of nanocrystals of magnetite. On Earth, magnetotactic bacteria perform biomineralization of intracellular magnetite nanoparticles under a controlled pathway. These bacteria are ubiquitous in modern natural environments. However, their identification in ancient geological material remains challenging. Together with physical and mineralogical properties, the chemical composition of magnetite was proposed as a promising tracer for bacterial magnetofossil identification, but this had never been explored quantitatively and systematically for many trace elements. Here, we determine the incorporation of 34 trace elements in magnetite in both cases of abiotic aqueous precipitation and of production by the magnetotactic bacterium Magnetospirillum magneticum strain AMB-1. We show that, in biomagnetite, most elements are at least 100 times less concentrated than in abiotic magnetite and we provide a quantitative pattern of this depletion. Furthermore, we propose a previously unidentified method based on strontium and calcium incorporation to identify magnetite produced by magnetotactic bacteria in the geological record.


Composition measurements were made of the energetic
particles produced in the series of large flares which began on 19 October 1989, using the Galileo Heavy Ion Counter which is sensitive to nuclei ranging from carbon (Z=6) to nickel (Z=28) over an energy range from about 5 MeV/nucleon to >70 MeV/nucleon. The observations are unique in that clean, statistically well-measured abundances are available for heavy ions for an unusually large flare. For elements with low First Ionization Potential (FIP), these results show the same correlation of relative abundances
with the ion charge to mass ratio as the earlier Voyager observations of solar energetic particles 1 . After correction for selection on the basis of this charge to mass ratio, the abundances of all the elements measured
show the expected step-function correlation with FIP, when compared to the spectroscopic photspheric abundances.


Mr. Sendlein's discussion suggests two errors in the author's paper. These were errors in the plotting of the data and not in the data itself. In reply to Mr. Sendlein, the following three items will be discussed: 1. The method of determination of velocities from the time distance curve; 2. Reliability of velocities determined; and 3. The interpretation of the time‐distance curve for station 87+00.


The invention discloses an intelligent vertical lifting type delivery receiving and dispatching system. The system comprises hanging baskets and a servo motor which are mounted on a rack, and further comprises chain wheels mounted on the upper and lower sides of the rack, wherein two chain wheels are symmetrically distributed on each of the upper and lower sides; the servo motor is connected with the chain wheels through an ordinary chain; the chain wheels are connected with lug chains in a matched manner; the lug chains are connected with the handing baskets through hanging basket supporting shafts; the hanging baskets are uniformly distributed on the circumferences of the lug chains; a position detection scanner is fixedly mounted on the rack below the servo motor; a goods scanner is mounted on the other side of the rack; and a supporting plate is mounted below the position detection scanner. According to the system, deliveries are subjected to three-dimensional arrangement through a vertical lifting device, the space is saved, the deliveries are sent out in a civilized manner, the deliveries are specifically numbered, delivery taking and storage are accurate, quick and efficient, individual privacy is protected, the system has an intelligent delivery scanning device, the utilization is convenient, and the popularization prospect is wide.


In spite of the great dispersion of the values -- which is not uncommon in studies of the normal human lens -- it appears that: -- the glucose utilisation decreases after the age of 40; -- the mean of the energy reserves remains unchanged in the adult and in old people.


This article reviews the researches on the Chinese zero anaphora in the past three decades,focusing on the five aspects: its determination and scope of the zero anaphora,the small division of the sentence and identification of the antecedent,its function and constraints of the zero anaphora.finally,the article comments on the studies of the Chinese zero anaphora.The Article aims at readers understanding to the Contents and methods of the Chinese zero anaphora studies,and contributes to the further research for Chinese zero anaphora.


1. Many people think that a United Europe is about the creation of the single market. This happens not just outside Europe, but also in countries, such as the UK, that pertain to the European Union (EU). We had to be remembered by the Prime Minister of Poland, a recent entrant into the Union, that the long and tiresome process leading to the EU was borne to ensure European citizens peace, freedom and democracy. After hundreds of years of internal wars and millions of deaths, of tyrannies playing on nationalism and division, we tried to build a different, united Europe. The single market and the common currency are only means to the wider project.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and drug resistance of urology in the hospital to provide bases for the rational use of antibiotics in clinics.METHODS The distribution,category and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from patients from Jan 2008 to May 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS A total of 855 pathogenic bacteria were isolated.Among them,580 isolates(67.8%) were Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria,253 isolates(29.6%) were Gram-positive bacteria,and 22 isolates(2.6%)were fungi.The most common Gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli(52.2% of the isolates) and the dominant Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria were Enterococci(19.9%).All of the fungi 22 isolates,were Candida.No Gram-positive cocci strains were resistant to vancomycin.Gram-negative bacilli were highly susceptible to imipenem.CONCLUSION There are various pathogens identified from urinary system,and the drug resistance rate is high.The clinicians should monitor the changes in pathogens and trends of drug resistance in time,in order to give the patients the correct antibiotic therapy and to control the nosocomial infection.


The author conducted on-line paper investigation on 85 well renowned TCM experts who participated in the "11th Five-Year" Well Renowned TCM Experts Clinical Experience and Academic Thoughts Research Project,had analysis of related factors regarding their cultivation,including gender,native place,educational background,profession,and education model as well as cultural,quality,motivation,growth and treatment factors,and then compared the results with that of "10th Five-Year" Investigation,so as to provide reference for the cultivation of TCM talents.


The paper is addressed to a combined least squares (LS) and instrumental variables (IV) approach to identification of polynomial Wiener systems. It is assumed that the inverse nonlinear element can be described by a polynomial. It is shown that LS parameter estimates of polynomial Wiener system are inconsistent and to circumvent the consistency problem, the well-known IV method is used. To avoid the parameter redundancy, three different methods of calculation inverse nonlinear function parameters from the transformed model parameters are proposed. The simulation results are included that confirm the practical feasibility of the proposed approach. The highest parameter estimation accuracy has been obtained via solving an overdetermined system of equations, only insignificantly lower accuracy has been obtained using the mean value approach, and the lowest one calculating the inverse nonlinear function parameters from the sums of transformed Wiener model parameters.


Anaphoric demonstrative pronouns (d-pronouns), which are found in some languages in addition to the more common personal pronouns (p-pronouns), provide an interesting test case for theories of pronoun resolution. With regard to structural factors (e.g., syntactic function, linear position, topichood), d-pronouns have been found to stand in complementary relation to p-pronouns. Whereas the latter prefer structurally prominent antecedents, the former prefer structurally non-prominent antecedents. In contrast to structural factors, semantic factors (e.g., implicit causality and consequentiality) have been intensively explored for p-pronouns but not for d-pronouns. In particular, it is an open question whether semantic biases can override structural biases in the case of d-pronouns in the same way as it has been shown for p-pronouns. We have addressed this question in three sentence completion experiments and one acceptability experiment that investigated German p-and d-pronouns. Semantic bias was manipulated by including causal and consequential discourse markers in the interpretation experiments. The production experiments used questions to elicit continuations expressing causes and consequences. The results show that the semantic factor of coherence influences p-and d-pronouns in similar ways. Based on our experimental results, we show that the Bayesian Theory of Pronoun Resolution (Kehler et al. 2008), which captures the relationship between pronoun interpretation and pronoun production in a quantitative way, provides a good fit of observed and predicted values for both p-and d-pronouns.


While a fundamental pleasure in film spectatorship consists of viewer identification with the characters on the screen, Slavoj Zizek has suggested that what makes American film noir so compelling for today's audiences is not a viewer identification but precisely the opposite: a "kind of distance [that] is its very condition." While we may snicker at the dramatic moments in films like Murder, My Sweet (1944) and Out of the Past (1947), we are, in fact, fascinated by the imagined gaze of the film's original audience: the viewers whom we assume could still identify with what they saw onscreen, and who recognized that flickering world as their own. When we watch film noir, Zizek claims, we are transfixed by the gaze of this "mythic 'naive' spectator, the one who was 'still able to take it seriously,' in other words, the one who 'believes in it' for us, in place of us" (112). This dissonance, and the triangulated path of desire between today's irony-infused viewer and the imagined originary viewers, resonates equally when one considers the hard-boiled novels from which these films are so often derived-those tough, taut and darkly rendered tales of lone detectives navigating violent urban streets. In the decades since their publication, the novels' stylized American idiom and lean, razor-sharp prose have been satirized and burlesqued; the snap and purr of the dialogue now reads as a parody of itself, the original that we mistake for a copy. This contemporary viewer or reader reaction indicates the extent to which the hard-boiled tradition has been distorted and contorted for use in each ensuing era. We see this phenomenon most stunningly in conceptions of hard-boiled masculinity. The tough guy figure has largely been flattened out and reshaped into a solitary, gleaming icon: Humphrey Bogart. The predominance of Bogart as the hard-boiled hero reduces the complexities and variations of the genre into a single, unchangeable image: Bogart, in fedora and trench coat, cigarette hanging from his mouth. Bogart's interpretations of Raymond Chandler's detective hero Philip Marlowe and of Dashiell Hammett's Sam Spade have mingled with other, still-tauter models of hard-boiled masculinity, to spawn a hyper-tough guy icon bearing minimal relation to any individual film and even less so to the source novels (not to mention the eras from which these texts derive). The Bogart icon persists, however, because he accords with (and helps create) our nostalgic vision of the tough guy. He endures when other potential models of hard-boiled protagonists slip from collective memory. In fact, Bogart's rendering of Chandler's Philip Marlowe has all but occluded a variety of attributes Chandler himself gave Marlowe-attributes such as Marlowe's feelings of vulnerability and isolation. The often hysterical and reactionary, fraught and fumbling figure of the novels is revised in favor of a confident, controlled, sexually potent hero: a man recalling an imagined time when "men were still men." Interestingly, Bogart's iconographic status seems to emerge from a bleeding together of his actually quite distinct portrayals as a hard and intermittently cruel Sam Spade (The Maltese Falcon), a tough and honorable Harry Morgan (To Have and Have Not), a savvy Rick whose conscience rises to the exigencies of the time (Casablanca) and a sardonic, knightly Philip Marlowe (The Big Sleep) moving through the mean streets to weed out corruption and save damsels in distress. As such, it is difficult to distill the cultural memory of Marlowe from that of Bogart and his gallery of characters. Bogart's Spade accords fairly tightly with Hammett's detective, hard-bitten and winning but teetering perilously on the brink of psychosis, particularly when he seems to find genuine pleasure in battering a young gunsel. (1) Bogart's performance as Philip Marlowe, however, in Howard Hawks's famed adaptation of The Big Sleep (1946), is a man who remains consistently in control of himself and the situations in which he finds himself. …


The paper presents industiral policy as a part of economic policies inEuropean Union countries with special emphasis on Polish horizontal industial policy.The horizontal initiatives in the areas identified as critical for development ofcompetitiveness of Polish industry are presented as well as researches on state aid valuesto industry in general and horizontal approach.


The magnetic and dielectric properties of γ-ferric oxide, magnetite, Mn-Zn ferrite and Ni-Zn ferrite have been measured at wavelengths from 60 cm. to 1.23 cm. The pronounced magnetic dispersion and absorption which occur are attributed to the decay of the rotational magnetization, due to Larmor spin resonance in the internal anisotropy field HN. The theoretical relation HN = 2K/M, where K is the anisotropy coefficient, and M the saturation intensity, agrees satisfactorily with the observations, and|K| has been derived for each material. An inverse relationship between HN and the initial susceptibility is shown to account quantitatively for the magnetic resonance observed in high-permeability materials at much lower frequencies


Formation of different structures of protein films in process of dehydration of water solutions of albumin is discussed. Optical method of observation was used for analysis of different molecular structures in the protein films. The influence of magnetic field and solution acidity during drying of the solution on structures in the films is considered.


Forest-Wood Chains (FWCs) consist of a set of processes by which forest resources are converted into services and products. In this paper, a method to assess sustainability of alternative FWCs is discussed. It is suggested that each production process included in a production chain will be characterised by a set of environmental, economic and social sustainability indicators. The volume of wood material flows through the processes is the basis for assessing the overall sustainability of optional chains.


Abstract A brief introduction to neutron scattering is given with special emphasis on the difference between coherent and incoherent contributions. The following report of recent work on ice contains the determination and verification of some phonon dispersion curves, and outlines the state of the art on diffuse scattering due to the proton disorder. Results on "two-dimensional ice" in copper formate tetrahydrate are of great interest as this system exhibits a phase transformation below which the protons are ordered. The study of rotational diffusion and of the tunnel splitting of the rotational ground state of molecules which contain protons is discussed in some detail. These investigations are now possible with very high energy resolution ΔE ≈ 5 × 10-8 eV (4 • 10-4 cm- 1 or 12 MHz).


Objective To observe the effects of ketamine on plasma levels of malondialdehyde(MDA), myeloperoxidase(MPO), and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in stress ulcer rats. Methods Ketamine was administered to Wistar rats before the construction of the rat model by water immersion restraint stress method. Levels of UI, MDA, MPO, and SOD were detected. The histological changes and the degree of gastric mucosa injury were observed grossly and microscopically. Results UI level was markedly declined following the use of ketamine. The stress-induced gastric mucosa injury was evidently relieved with only mucosal congestion and edema. Plasma levels of MDA and MPO were obviously lower in the ketamine-pretreatment group (P 0.01). Conclusion Ketamine pretreatment has a protective effect on ulcer in rats, which is associated with the plasma levels of MDA, MPO, and SOD.


We prepared a number of reaction-bonded silicon carbides (RBSCs) made from various mixing ratios of raw SiC particles, and investigated their microstructure and etch characteristics by Reactive Ion Etch (RIE). Increasing the amount of 9.5 μm-SiC particles results in a microstructure with relatively coarser Si regions. On the other hand, increasing that of 2.6 μm-SiC particles produces much finer Si regions. The addition of more than 50 wt% of 2.6 μm-SiC particles, however, causes the microstructure to become partially coarse. We also evaluated their etching behaviors in terms of surface roughness (Ra), density and weight changes, and microstructure development by employing Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) techniques. During the etching process of the prepared samples, we confirmed that the residual Si region was rapidly removed and formed pits isolating SiC particles as islands. This leads to more intensified ion field on the SiC islands, and causes physical corrosion on them. Increased addition of 2.6 μm-SiC particles produces finer residual Si region, and thus decreases the surface roughness (Ra.) as well as causing weight loss after etching process by following the above etching mechanism.


Parallelism is necessary when joining words, phrases, and clauses by using the coordinate conjunction, the comparison, and the paired conjunction. However, the parallelism sometimes is used incorrectly. It makes writing awkward and confusing. Therefore, errors on parallelism and sources of errors must be found.
The research design used in this study was descriptive research. The population of this study was the fourth semester students of English Department. There were four classes: class A, class B, class C, and class D. Class B, class C, and class D were chosen as the sample while class A was chosen for trying out. The total number of the sample classes were 123 students. The writer just took 20% of the sample classes by using simple random proportional sampling. Therefore, the total number of the sample was 25 students. The data of the study were collected by giving a test and questionnaire for 30 minutes. The students' answer sheets were collected and scored. Students' errors were then analyzed and classified into three classifications where parallelism is usually used. The questionnaires were accounted to know the main sources of errors on the parallelism.
Based on the result of the data analysis, it was found that there were 85 errors (40%) in the use of the coordinate conjunction, 69 errors (34%) in the use of the paired conjunction, and 56 errors (26%) in the use of the comparison. While, the sources of errors on the parallelism were the context of learning (45%), the intralingual transfer (25%), the communication strategies (16%), and the interlingual transfer (14%).


We present the results of seismic tomography studies of two different volcanoes – Mt. Redoubt and Toba caldera. These two subduction related volcanoes have different ages and scales of eruption activity. Velocity model beneath the Redoubt volcano is based on tomographic inversion of Pand Sarrival time data from over 4000 local earthquakes recorded by 19 stations since 1989 to 2012 provided by the Alaskan Volcano Observatory (University of Fairbanks). Just below the volcano edifice we observe an anomaly of high Vp/Vs ratio reaching 2.2 which is seen down to 23 km depth. This indicates a presence of partially molten substance or fluid filled rocks. We can suggest that anomaly area matches with volcano magma chamber.


In this article, we test a simple version of Becker's marriage model for wage setting. This model predicts positive assortative mating. We estimate this model using linked employer–employee data for the France and the United States. We reject this simple version for both countries. The zero or negative correlation between person and firm ∗The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Science Foundation and the Centre de Recherche en Économie et Statistique (CREST), Paris. This research is a part of the U.S. Census Bureau's Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics Program (LEHD), which is partially supported by the National Science Foundation Grant SES-9978093 to Cornell University (Cornell Institute for Social and Economic Research), the National Institute on Aging, the U.S. Department of Labor (ETA) and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Census Bureau, the National Science Foundation, or the Institut National de la Statistique et des Études Économiques. Confidential data from the LEHD Program were used in this paper. The U.S. Census Bureau is preparing to support external researchers use of the U.S. data under a protocol to be released in the near future; please contact Ron Prevost, firstname.lastname@example.com. For further information concerning the French data, contact INSEE/CREST, 15, bd Gabriel Péri, 92245 Malakoff Cedex, France. †Corresponding author. CREST, Département de la recherche, 15, bd Gabriel Péri, 92245 Malakoff Cedex, France. firstname.lastname@example.com


An analytical study on noise transmission into a cabin of a twin engine G/A aircraft is presented. The solution of the governing acoustic-structural equations of motion is developed utilizing modal expansions and a Galerkin type procedure. The exterior noise pressure inputs are taken from available experimental data. A direct comparison between theory and experiments on cabin noise levels is given. Interior noise reduction by stiffening, mass addition, and damping treatments is investigated. It is shown that a combination of added mass and damping could significantly reduce interior noise levels for this aircraft.


The construction industry has not undergone the same logistical development as the manufacturing industry; this, in combination with increased material price, leads to the fact that the constructio ...


The methods for determining the presence of the relay node 102 is started in the wireless communication system. Method may include receiving information that indicates the presence of at least one access node and the relay node from a network node (102, 106) in the system 210. [ Method also comprises determining whether the network node is one of an access node and a relay node based on the information (220).


A smart card based scheme is practical and widely used in remote mutual authentication. In 2006, Shieh-Wang pointed out the weakness of Juangpsilas remote mutual authentication scheme using smart card and further proposed a novel one to improve Juangpsilas. The advantages in Shieh-Wangpsilas scheme include effective mutual authentication, freely chosen password, no verification tables, low computational cost, session key agreement and no synchronized clocks. However, in 2007, Yoon-Yoo showed that Shieh-Wangpsilas scheme does not provide perfect forward secrecy, and is vulnerable to a privileged insiderpsilas attack. Furthermore, the current paper demonstrates that Shieh-Wangpsilas scheme is also vulnerable to the parallel session attack and lack of wrong password detection and then presents a more efficient and secure scheme to resolve all the above problems including those that Yoon-Yoo has pointed out with less computational cost increase.


We consider the Higgs and Yukawa parts of the Noncommutative Standard Model (NCSM). We explore the NC-action to give all Feynman rules for couplings of the Higgs boson to electroweak gauge fields and fermions.


There are various combination of objects which draw by computer in three orthographic views for even one solid model and there possibly is projection mistake between objects in three orthographic views. So this paper proposes an algorithm for recognition of object with only combination and check for projection of objects between three orthographic views. The writer has worked out an active program based on the algorithm that can be run in Auto CAD system.


This study aims to examine the content of secondary metabolites in red gendola leaf ethanol extract, the effect of ethanol extract of leaf of red gendola on decreasing in blood glucose levels, the effect of graded doses to decrease blood glucose levels and show illustration histopathology pancreas of the rats induced diabetes mellitus streptozotocin.  The research was a laboratory experiment using a modified posttest study design randomized controlled groups design. A total of 24 rats were divided into six groups, each group consisted of four rats with details of group I, II, and III as a control group, and groups IV, V, and VI as the experimental group. Group I: normal control given CMC Na 0,5%; Group II: negative controls were given CMC Na 0,5% and streptozotocin induced 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally rats; Group III: positive controls were given a dose of glibenclamide 0.45 mg/kg and streptozotocin induced 40 mg/kg intraperitoneally rats; each experimental group was given ethanol extract of leaf of red gendola at a dose of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and streptozotocin induced 40 mg/kg of rat intraperitoneally.The results show that: there are secondary metabolites in red gendola leaf ethanol extract namely alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and phenols ; the ethanol extract of leaf of red gendola  at a dose of 100 mg/kg effective in lowering blood glucose levels in male rats and at a dose of 400 mg / kg effective in regenerating pancreatic tissue; ethanol extract of leaf of red gendola dose of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg did not give full effect to the decrease in blood glucose levels in male rats and ethanol extract of leaf of red gendola at doses of 100 and 200 mg / kg did not give full effect to the regeneration of pancreatic tissue streptozotocin-induced rats induced streptozotocin.   Keywords: Streptozotocin, gendola red (Basella alba L.), blood glucose levels, histopathology pancreas.


Certainly the long queues and the time spent at billing counters is an enormous waste of time. At the grocery section there is a long queue where in the customers need to wait to get the barcodes for the purchased items. At the other end the seller needs to scan the barcode manually or enter the details of the product purchased. There are separate barcodes for each commodity which the seller needs to keep it in mind which becomes almost impossible if the store is a huge one. Thus the Basic objective of this project is to sense the type of grocery and grains, their weight and generate the barcodes according to their prices for different commodities. These barcodes contain the encoded information which gives a unique identity to any product, and provide a security labels. Thus by using sensor technology we can identify the product and generate a barcode containing product name, cost and quantity.


We found conditions under which additive mappings defined on additively inverse semirings and satisfying the [Formula: see text]th power property are derivations.


The meaning of the term 'numeracy' is considered. A set of attributes which have been defined to denote numeracy is presented. It is argued that the possession of the attributes does not necessaril...


This article analyzes Pakistan's nuclear weapons program and the characteristics of the environment in which the program is nested. These characteristics include Pakistan's history of internal and external instability; nuclear saber-rattling during crises; support for Islamic terrorism in order to advance state goals; indigenous production of many elements of its nuclear forces; possession of delivery and command and control systems with destabilizing characteristics; and, finally, nuclear doctrine that appears to advocate first use of nuclear weapons. The article argues that the characteristics of Pakistan's nuclear weapons program generate threats to US national security interests. The article examines six interrelated and synergistic challenges for US national security: first, Pakistan is engaged in an arms race in Southwest Asia that has negative implications for Pakistan's stability; second, the threat of nuclear proliferation from Pakistan continues; third, Pakistan's arsenal characteristics make accidental and/or unauthorized nuclear war more likely; fourth, there is an ongoing possibility of war with India; fifth, Islamist influence is spreading through key sectors of Pakistani society; and, finally, there is an increasing danger of state failure in Pakistan.


Suppose that (A,G,α) is a C*-dynamical system such that G is of polynomial growth. If A is finite dimensional, we show that any element in K(G;A) has slow growth and that L 1 (G,A) is *-regular. Furthermore, if G is discrete and 7r is a "nice representation" of A, we define a new Banach *-algebra l 1 π (G, A) which coincides with l 1 (G; A) when A is finite dimensional. We also show that any element in K(G;A) has slow growth and l 1 π (G,A) is *-regular.


A chip set is described which meets the requirements of calculation-intensive image processing algorithm (e.g. correlation) for real-time execution. It calculates one million two-dimensional correlation coefficients per second on a 16*16 pixel image at 25 MHz with a 6-b input resolution. The set consists of two chips, a multiplier-accumulator unit (MAC) and an arithmetic processing unit (APU). The MAC processes image data of different formats, up to 32 by 32 pixels, with a 6- or 12-b resolution, and outputs sums of products in an 18- or 36-b integer format. The APU converts these sums to a single-precision floating-point format (the internal data format) and calculates the correlation coefficient in 1- mu s with floating-point precision using the standard formula. A system configuration with both chips, a host processor, and input/output components is shown. The chip characteristics are summarized, and chip micrographs are shown.<<ETX>>


Purpose
The COVID-19 crisis has had a dramatic impact on the tourism industry, with new challenges that calls for a combination of short- and medium-/long-term perspectives. At the destination level, a factor that has a critical incidence in the recovery path is the type of tourism governance. With the spotlight on this factor, the purpose of this paper is to reflect on the need to accommodate the model of tourism governance to the requirements of this new time.

Design/methodology/approach
The discussion that already existed in the literature about the roles of destination marketing organizations (DMOs) has been brought into the new context of the coronavirus crisis to propose three fundamental changes in them, together with the centrality of host communities in a model based on public–private–people partnerships.

Findings
Under the principle that the M in DMOs has to stand for management, an evolution of these organizations toward the performance of three different roles is proposed, namely, as the orchestrator of the various players in the destination, the facilitator of opportunities for its members and the intelligence promoter and their strategic mind.

Practical implications
The practical implications of this proposal are numerous, as it represents a move beyond the usual public–private partnerships of the old normal and goes further than the traditional roles of marketer, intermediary in the value chain and brand promoter.

Originality/value
To the best of the author's knowledge, this is the first work dealing with the topic of tourism governance in the context of the pandemic.


A 64-year-old gentleman was admitted for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after he experienced chest pain while drinking alcohol in a pub. The electrocardiograms demonstrated atrial fibrillation (AF) with a rapid ventricular response rate and transient ST-segment elevation with loss of R waves in the anterior leads (Figure 1). Coronary angiography revealed a thrombotic occlusion of the distal segment of the left anterior descending artery (Figure 2). The proximal left anterior descending, circumflex and right coronary arteries were angiographically free from significant atherosclerotic changes. …


Dr. Strowd1 described the personal challenges he faced with integrating the electronic medical record (EMR) system into his patient–physician experience. I identify with this struggle and realize that I must give equal attention to the patient as well as the machine in the room. Eye-to-eye contact with patients while listening to history has to be balanced with looking at the computer screen to document the history …


This explanatories research is aimed at obtaining information related to possibility whether job performance is affected by training and motivation with balance scorecard approach. The research was conducted at the secretariat KPU by using survey method with correlational applied in testing hypothesis. Fifty participants were selected as samples by boring sampling. The result indicates that task job performance affected directly by motivation has the greatest influence. Based on the findings it could be concluded that variation of the performance might have been affected by the variation of training and motivation. Therefore, training and motivation with balance scorecard approach should be put into consideration in developing job performance.


were chosen, in the first place, ' that they might be with him.' They learned their lessons as they moved with Him from place to place, as they watched Him dealing with the sick, the suffering, the anxious, the careless, and the penitent. In a modern College, some of the students, some also of the teachers, are in frequent contact with working, struggling, sinning, and suffering men and women; but the College itself is a stationary, and, on the whole, a cloistered affair.


This paper is yet another solution for finding linear internal state assignments for the next-state behavior of a sequential machine. A state assignment is said to be linear if and only if the resulting next-state variables are linear combinations of the present-state and input variables. Consequently, the next-state behavior of a sequential machine is said to be linear if and only if there exists a one-to-one assignment which is linear. The problem of finding linear assignments has received considerable attention, probably due to their inherent mathematical structure, and hopefully to further illuminate the theory of sequential machines in general.


Preface Since its establishment in 1992, the Office of Research Integrity (ORI) has conducted several studies on research misconduct and research integrity 1 in an attempt to develop a knowledge base on important issues, such as the impact of misconduct allegations on exonerated scientists, the experience of whistleblowers in the aftermath of making allegations, the research guidelines adopted by medical schools, and the causes of research misconduct. Over time, it became apparent to ORI that a more comprehensive, coordinated effort in collaboration with extramural research scholars was needed to develop the science base on research integrity issues. This recognition led to development of this "Research Conference on Research Integrity" and the related "Research on Research Integrity" program announcement jointly issued by ORI and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (RFA: NS-01-008). In the background report that follows, Assessing the Integrity of Publicly Funded Research, Dr. Nicholas Steneck (ORI's consultant on this conference and the related research program) has summarized the current state of the empirical literature on research integrity. This report provides important background information for participants in ORI's research conference on research integrity, and for scholars and others in the research community generally. The report will also serve as a catalyst for discussion during this conference, and other discussions that follow, on areas of opportunity for further research. The research conference background report and the observations and recommendations that this conference generates will provide an important link for improving our understanding of research integrity issues, and in identifying the important issues, what is currently known about them, and some of the important unanswered questions. Although research integrity has been a high profile topic for some twenty years and some important preliminary studies have been conducted, this literature review makes it clear how little we really know about many of the key issues, such as: how often research misconduct occurs, what situations tend to encourage or prevent it, how human subjects are best protected, how often conflicts of interest occur in research and how they affect the integrity of the research, how common questionable research practices are and what harm they cause to the research process, how students and research trainees learn the ethics of science, and what career pressures or other factors influence their ability and desire to follow the most honorable scientific practices. Some of these studies are still underway. 1 These unanswered questions provide a …


This article investigates human-driven robots via physical interaction, which is enhanced by integrating the human partner's motion intention. A human motor control model is employed to estimate the human partner's motion intention. A system observer is developed to estimate the human's control input in this model, so that force sensing is not required. A robot controller is developed to incorporate the estimated human's motion intention, which makes the robot proactively follow the human partner's movements. Simulations and experiments on a physical robot are carried out to demonstrate the properties of our proposed controller.


The present invention discloses a self-propelled work boat jack inter-tidal zone, is provided comprising a crane, the main hull cabin platform, the platform is composed of four main hull and a cylindrical leg platform structures; said platform structure provided to the post elevating leg; pile shoe sit on the bottom of the legs arranged in parallel on both sides of the pile shoe connected to the housing; welding the two T-shaped guide rail at the mobile platform structure, the platform supporting the panel at the T-shaped moving rail two rows of four sets of support rollers mounted between the case; ship arranged parallel to the two intermediate positions in the bottom of the mobile device platform support housing; hull moving means is provided at both ends of a bidirectional hydraulic cylinder and a pneumatic drive pin supporting steel cOMPOSITION, welded to said supporting base platform 3 on the support housing. The utility model mainly for intertidal offshore projects jackup workboat / platform migration venue operations, provide migration facilities, suitable for large steel components, limited facilities frequent automatic migration distance.


Page 1 of 8 Description The Modular Control System is designed to minimize NRE and RE in OEM control systems for RF switches and other devices. The modular design using standard Ethernet cables for interconnection significantly reduces the amount of chassis wiring in a typical system. Common approaches with standard parallel I/O boards result in large bundles of wires routed through the chassis increasing complexity and production costs. The OEM can quickly configure a control system using proven off the shelf boards and modules. Our engineering staff will assist in the configuration of your system thus freeing up your staff to concentrate on the overall system.


In order to evaluate the effect of the presence or absence of shade during grazing on thermal comfort and growth of West African crossbred lambs, a study was carried out using 24 lambs 13.08  ±  3.0 kg live weight, randomly assigned to two treatments: SHADE: grazing star grass (Cynodon nlemfluensis) with voluntary access to artificial shade or shelter of 36 m2 (3 m2 per animal) and SUN: grazing star grass without availability of natural or artificial shade. The experiment was performed in the Sheep Unit of the Agronomy School – Universidad Central de Venezuela. The animals were grazing on two paddocks of star grass during 6 weeks. Climate measurements were take using two portable weather stations (one for each paddock and for SHADE was placed under the shelter), recording temperature (TA, °C) , relative humidity (HR, %) and solar radiation (RS, w/m2), also some indexes were estimated: index of temperature and humidity or ITH and the coefficient of heat tolerance or CTC. The growth of lambs was assessed through weekly measurements of body weight (BW), for the estimation of daily weight gain (GDP), body length (LC), chest circumference (PT) , wither height (AC) , through which the body mass index 1 (IMC1) and body mass index 2 (IMC2) were estimated. As results for climatic variables, TA and HR were higher for SHADE than for SUN, 1.3 °C and 8.1 %, respectively (p<0.01), perhaps due to the material used as a roof or shelter forming a microclimate under it that increased these variables. However, the shelter decreased approximately 90 % incidence of RS in shaded areas during daylight hours. As the ITH was superior to SHADE (73.5) than SUN (74.5), both values are associated with stress start. However, CTC values for animals grazing with SHADE were lower (p<0.01); 3.21 vs 3.51. Results also showed that the use of SHADE in the paddock did not affect the growth of the animals, since there was no effect of treatment on BW, GDP, LC, AC and IMC1 and IMC2. For PV the mean values were 14.59 and 15.10 kg; while for GDP were 80.8 and 82.6 g/d for SUN and SHADE, respectively. In conclusion, the presence of artificial shade with canvas roofs during the rainy season causes increased HR, generating stress conditions even in SHADE conditions. Also, the presence of SHADE in the paddock did not result in better growth of lambs, perhaps due to the short duration of the trial.


Controller Area network (CAN) has long been used for automotive applications
as a method to enable robust serial communication. The goal was to make the system
more reliable, safe and efficient while decreasing wiring harness weight and complexity.
Based on these 1actors, a CAN bus project was carried out to fully utilize the application
of CAN bus system in building automation, security system and data acquisition system.
The objective of the project is to create a generic module for a system controller using
CAN bus. This module is expected to be ready for commercialization by the end of the
project and a system prototype which is used to demonstrate the functionality of the CAN
bus will be implemented in security system. The scope of the research will cover the
design of a terminal point controller, integration of multiple terminal points,
implementation of communication protocol using CAN bus and design of computer
software to hardware interface. There will be 3 terminal points each with a module which
consists of a microcontroller, CAN module, CAN transceiver and IO module. This report
shall focus on application of CAN bus in security system. The project output includes a
working prototype of security system, a paper to be presented in a conference and a book
regarding the research project is in progress.


Tells the resource-constrained project scheduling problem we often meet in the construction,secondly analyzes the shortages in the network plan optimization and gives one example,lastly presents the basic principle and virtue of the LINGO is gived and uses the LINGO to solve the resource-constrained project scheduling problem of the example,so as to make the optimization quickly and efficiently solved.


Objective. Patient global assessment (PGA) is commonly measured using a visual analog scale (VAS). The VAS asks patients to integrate many dimensions of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) activity, yet its scope is poorly defined and its endpoints are vague. We investigated whether a modified Rating Scale that used marker states and more defined endpoints would provide a more valid measure of PGA. Methods. In our prospective longitudinal study, 164 patients with active RA rated their global arthritis activity using the VAS and Rating Scale before and after treatment. To compare construct validity, we correlated each score with 2 reference measures of RA activity, the 28-joint count Disease Activity Score (DAS28) and the physician global assessment, and examined how each measure was associated with different aspects of RA activity, including pain, functioning, and depressive symptoms, in multivariate regression analyses. We also examined sensitivity to change. Results. Both measures were correlated with the DAS28 (r = 0.39 for VAS; r = 0.35 for Rating Scale) and physician global assessment (r = 0.41 for VAS; r = 0.26 for Rating Scale) at the baseline visit. Pain and depressive symptoms had the strongest association with the VAS, while functional limitations and depressive symptoms had the strongest association with the Rating Scale. Residual analysis showed no differences in heterogeneity of patients' ratings. VAS was more sensitive to change than the Rating Scale (standardized response means of 0.55 and 0.45). Conclusion.As measures of PGA, the VAS and Rating Scale had comparable construct validity, but differed in which aspects of arthritis activity influenced scores. VAS was more sensitive to change. (First Release March 1 2010; J Rheumatol 2010;37:717–22; doi:10.3899/jrheum.090764) Key Indexing Terms: PATIENT GLOBALASSESSMENT RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS RATING SCALE MARKER STATES CONSTRUCT VALIDITY From the Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA. Supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIAMS/NIH. C. Lati, MSPT; L.C. Guthrie, RN, BSN; M.M. Ward, MD, MPH, Intramural Research Program, NIAMS/NIH. Address correspondence to Dr. M. Ward, NIAMS/NIH, 10 CRC, 4-1339, 10 Center Drive, MSC 1468, Bethesda, MD 20892-1468, USA. E-mail: email@example.com Accepted for publication November 24, 2009. Patient global assessment (PGA) is an important patient-reported outcome in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). As a core set measure, PGA is commonly used in clinical trials, individually and in composite indices, to evaluate RA activity and response to treatment1-4. PGA is usually measured as a self-reported rating of global arthritis status using a visual analog scale (VAS) with endpoints of "very poor" and "very well"1. Although this method of measuring PGA is widely used, researchers have noted some of its limitations5,6. It has been argued that because the endpoints are not clearly defined, assessments may vary considerably among patients. One patient's perception of "very poor" may differ from that of another patient, a limitation of any self-reported measure. In addition, the loosely defined anchors may not convey the full range of RA activity to be considered. Patients are likely to rate themselves in reference to their personal experience and not relative to the overall range of possible arthritis activity. Also, they may consider only selected aspects of RA, such as pain or joint swelling, in their rating, and overlook other important aspects such as function, or consider irrelevant factors. The multidimensional yet loosely defined character of the VAS may undermine its validity and contribute to heterogeneity among patients' ratings. These problems arise because the content validity (item relevance and comprehensiveness) of the PGA cannot be tested. Despite these concerns, alternatives to the VAS have rarely been examined. We compared the construct validity, consistency, and sensitivity to change of the VAS and a modified Rating Rheumatology The Journal of on May 6, 2015 Published by www.jrheum.org Downloaded from Scale as measures of arthritis activity. Rating scales are generic preference measures, sometimes represented as feeling thermometers, on which respondents rate their health on a scale from "perfect health" to "death" or "worst imaginable health."7-9 Rating scales often use marker states, hypothetical scenarios describing mild to severe health states that may help in alerting patients to various aspects of health and the broad range of activity of the disease to consider when making their self-rating. Patients are usually asked to rate these marker states and then rate their own health. Although rating scales are typically used to measure quality of life, in our study we modified the Rating Scale to focus specifically on RA activity. We modified the prompts, anchors, and marker state descriptions to ask patients to rate how their arthritis affected their health. We hypothesized that the modified Rating Scale, with its more defined endpoints and marker states, would minimize ambiguity in PGA responses and would be a more valid and responsive measure of PGA than the VAS. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients were participants in a prospective longitudinal study of changes in RA activity. They were recruited from the practices of the investigators or local rheumatologists, and from the community by advertisement. To be enrolled, patients were required to fulfill the revised American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification of RA10, to be age 18 years or older, able to read English, and able to provide informed consent. In addition, they were required to have active RA, with at least 6 tender joints on examination and judgment of active synovitis by the study rheumatologist, and have plans for a change in their antirheumatic treatment (either escalation of doses of current medications, addition or change of disease-modifying medication or anti-tumor necrosis factor-α medication, or addition of prednisone). The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board, and all patients provided written informed consent. Evaluation.At study entry, the patients completed a clinical evaluation that included a paper questionnaire, a computer-administered assessment with the modified Rating Scale, a musculoskeletal examination, and laboratory testing for erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein. The questionnaire asked about the patients' demographic characteristics, medical history, symptoms, function, and the VAS. A rheumatologist performed the musculoskeletal examination, which included tender and swollen joint counts of 68/66 joints. We used data from the baseline visit and a followup visit, which was 1 month later for those patients treated with the addition of prednisone, and 4 months later for those treated by a change in disease-modifying medications. Timing of the second visit differed because of an expected difference in the time course of the treatment effect between these classes of medications. Study measures. The PGAwas rated by patients using 2 different methods: the VAS and the modified Rating Scale. Patients completed the VAS before completing the Rating Scale. The VAS was a 15-cm horizontal line with marked anchors: 0 = very well and 100 = very poor. With these anchors, patients were asked to respond to the following: "Considering all the ways that rheumatoid arthritis affects you, rate how you are doing on the following scale by placing a mark on the line." The modified Rating Scale was a computer-administered vertical scale with a top anchor of 100 = "perfect health" and a bottom anchor of 0 = "worst imaginable health." Horizontal and vertical scales were shown to be comparable in measuring PGA7. The direction of scoring was reversed to make it comparable to the VAS. Before marking the Rating Scale, the patients were first presented and asked to consider 3 case scenarios of mild, moderate, and severe RA activity. The scenarios, derived from the McMaster Utility Measurement Questionnaire11, described the ways in which one's health, functional status, and social activities can be affected by RA. The mild case scenario read as follows: Think what it would be like to live in the following way: You are able to perform all of your daily activities, like work, shopping, and driving. You are completely able to take care of your personal needs, like eating and bathing. You have some difficulty participating in leisure activities, like sports and hobbies. You have occasional pain. You normally do not have any worry or stress, but sometimes you are concerned about the future course of your arthritis. You have some mild stomach upset from some medication you take. The moderate case scenario read as follows: Think what it would be like to live in the following way: On most days you are able to run errands and work around the house, but fatigue and joint pain prevent you from working. You are completely able to take care of your personal needs, such as eating and bathing. Joint pain is mild on most days, but is never gone and is sometimes quite severe. You rarely have enough energy for leisure activities. At times you are frustrated with dealing with your arthritis. The medication you take sometimes causes diarrhea. The severe case scenario read as follows: Think what it would be like to live in the following way: You are unable to work, shop, or drive. You have much difficulty getting around outside the house. Sometimes you need help to bathe. You are unable to participate in any leisure activities. You are depressed and frustrated. You have severe pain on most days. The medications you take cause you painful sores in your mouth and difficulty thinking. Participants were asked to rate each scenario using the Rating Scale under the prompt, "Move the marker to indi


The morphology of reflexives correlates with their binding properties (Everaert 1986, Pica 1987, Reinhart & Reuland 1993) and reflexives are often distinguished according to whether they are X or XP anaphors (SE vs. SELF anaphors respectively). It has independently been argued that the categorical status of pronouns correlates with their binding properties (Wiltschko 1999). In particular, Déchaine and Wiltschko 2002 propose that there are (at least) three categorical types of proforms: pro-DP (Rexpression), pro-φP (variable), pro-NP (constant) with the structures in (1):


Ultraviolet irradiation of [RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3] solutions results in loss of carbon monoxide and generation of [RuHCl(PPh3)3], a known efficient hydrogenation catalyst.


The paper studies how to keep the newly built habitations in harmony with the urban environment.It is thought that harmonious habitations should inherit positively the historic context of the city and effectively continue the urban space.The design method of harmonious habitations is discussed with practical examples.