One spring day late in the 1990s, I was in the reading room of the Friends Historical Library at Swarthmore College. A visitor was there to discuss donating his father's papers. I had met the father as a member of the Quaker Meeting I had attended while I was in graduate school, so the conversation piqued my interest. I knew the father was a lifelong Quaker, a conscientious objector during World War II, and an activist for many liberal causes. But what struck me were the speaker's own reflections on growing up after World War II. His parents were committed to communitarianism, pacifism, and simplicity, and so lived for a while in an intentional community. A turning point, however, came when the son, in his early teens, rebelled against his parents' counterculturalism. His demand: he wanted to sleep in a bed, with a mattress, like those of his friends, rather than on the cots that were standard in the community. After reading Patricia Appelbaum's Kingdom to Commune, I realized that I had had an unexpected glimpse into a distinctive, vibrant subculture that flourished between World War I and the 1960s. Appelbaum's superb book gives us a better understanding of this alternative to the dominant culture of the United States in these years, a movement that tried to meld Christianity, cooperative economics, pacifism, and leftist politics. Appelbaum opens by noting that several historians have studied twentiethcentury pacifist movements. She argues, however, that they uniformly treated pacifism as a moral or ethical commitment and overlooked "the ways in which pacifism has evolved and has interacted with the various cultures in which it has flourished or struggled" (p. 2). She asserts that, in the twentieth century, pacifism, or at least the pacifists she treats, formed a culture "that exists in a matrix of culture and lifeways" (p. 2). She sees the elements of that culture in eight dimensions: "social networks, theology, performance, iconography, individual spiritual practice, rituals of identity, narratives, and material culture" (p. 2). Her goal is to "help the reader see pacifism through broader lenses"


Seismic base isolation is an effective way of protecting structures against seismic loads and is very effective in terms of both collapse mitigation of structures and protection of non-structural elements under severe ground shaking. In this study, the structural demand of base-isolated three- and four-story steel moment-resisting frames is determined in case of a fire event followed by an earthquake, and compared with the results of fixed-base frames, which have similar geometry, load, and seismic hazard for a location in California. Four compartments are selected as possible locations for fire events in each building, and beams and columns in those compartments are exposed to a representative temperature increase in time, which includes a cooling phase as well. Maximum, minimum, and residual axial force, and moment demands on elements of the fire compartments, and drift demand of structural frames on the first and second floor, where the fire is assumed to occur, are determined and compared. Results are given in terms of parameters of three-parameter log-normal distribution, hence fragility curves can be constructed for each response considered in the study. Seismic isolation is effective in reducing both maximum and residual drift demand of the frames, and axial force in the beam element for each compartment considered. Fixed-base frames have 20% more maximum axial load on beams. Beam and column elements in the four-story configuration are under relatively more moments in case of a fire, while the performance of three-story frames depends on the location of the assumed fire.


The thermodynamic theory of irreversible processes was applied to studying heat exchange described by Newton's cooling law. It is shown that the steady states described by Newton's law are not states having minimum entropy production; it is then proved that Newton's law is not a consequence of a linear relationship between fluxes and thermodynamic forces. Systems are often constrained and heat exchange can be optimised if entropy production is minimised according to the second law.


This study is an attempt to examine the association between important variables of service quality namely information and communications technology, prior experience and customer loyalty in Saudi Arabia's provision of health insurance. This study obtained primary data collected through questionnaire after which SPSS version 21 was employed to test the relationship between independence variables and dependent variable. The results of this study revealed a positive and significant association between information and communications technology and customer loyalty. In the same path, prior experience was found to have a positive and significant connection with customer loyalty. Finally, this study provides limitations and suggestion for future studies towards the end.


Integrin is a kind of cellular adhesion molecules on cell surface,which takes part in many physiological activities by mediating interactions between cells and cells as well as cells and extracelluar matrix.Integrins play important roles in tumor carcinogenesis,invasion,metastasis and angiogenesis. Colon carcinnoma is a common malignancy.Unfortunately,most of patients die of metastases and recrudescence even after the successful operation or other methods of therapy.This article reviews the present status of relationship between integrins and colon carcinoma.


The information available here is presented as a tool to help school districts and facility planners design the next generation of learning environments so that the school facility will help, rather than hinder, schools in achieving their core mission


The State and Federal Governments in Australia have sought to lead by example and significantly reduce the energy consumed in public sector buildings. A number of reporting and benchmarking schemes have been developed, over the past two decades, to encourage and require property and facilities managers to reduce energy consumption and the emission of greenhouse gases. This paper investigates the process employed to implement savings and analyses the reported outcomes of the schemes both in terms of public sector savings and in influencing private sector behaviour. The paper will also look at recent legislative changes in Australia which mandate the measurement of energy use and greenhouse gas emissions by private sector owners and occupiers yet specifically fall short of including public sector assets within the reporting requirements. Implications of this legislation on the management of both public and private sector buildings will be evaluated.


Automation has become a norm in software development practices, especially in CI/CD practices. Recently, GitHub introduced GitHub Actions (GA) to provide automated workflows for software maintainers. However, few researches have been proposed to evaluate its capability and impact, even though several GA have been built by practitioners. In this paper, we conduct a large-scale empirical study of GitHub projects, to help practitioners gain deep insights into the GA. We quantitatively investigate the basic adoption of GA and its potential correlation with project properties. We also analyze the usage details of GA, including its component scale and action sequences. Finally, using regression modeling, we investigate the impact of GA on the commit frequency, pull request and issue's resolution efficiency. Our findings suggest a nuanced picture of how practitioners are adapting to, and benefiting from GA.


This paper was focused on the research of remote spinning process collaborative products development system based on Internet. The research was mainly to establish textile products and process designs, which could lead to the Processing Public Service Platform for the small and medium sized enterprises. The project is supported by the IMAR (Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region) Natural Science Foundation. In this study, the cotton spinning technology is taken as an example emphatically in the thesis. Related processing examples could be inquired by process designers, the process parameters could also be optimized while they select and call the process parameters from related main process of cotton spinning in spinning process parameters calculate system, and then the enterprise coalition cooperated to design product and process by use remote-data interview and synergism.


This book is an attempt to come to a reasonable understanding of the origins, development and possible resolution of the situation which culminated in the Rwandan genocide of the 1990s. It is difficult for any writer to comment objectively on such a sensitive context, but the author manages to write with passion, and from his own point of commitment as an academic, on the development of the racial ideology in Rwanda, with particular reference to the role of the Christian Churches.


For the past three decades, the field of administrative law has been one of the
greatest contributors to the workload of the Supreme Court of Canada. During
that period, the Court has handed down at least ten cases per year dealing with
mainstream issues of judicial review. This substantial body of jurisprudence,
totalling some three hundred decisions since 1970, has pointed the way to a
transformation in Canadian administrative law.


Rabbits were immunized with lymphocytes from patient with chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL), who showed a remarkable lymphocytosis of B cell origin (distinct membrane fluorescence). After absorption with AB-erythrocytes, kidney tissue powder and infant thymocytes specificity of the antiserum was demonstrated by examination of normal lymphocytes, thymocytes and different CLL-lymphocytes (B- and T-cell leukemias) using indirect membrane fluorescence.


ABSTRACT Incomplete killing was observed for caspofungin against Candida glabrata, which was associated with increased SLT2 expression and elevated chitin content. In contrast, fungicidal activity and no chitin increase were observed in an isogenic Δslt2 strain, suggesting a role for SLT2 and chitin production in the response of C. glabrata to caspofungin.


Synthetic superabsorbent polymers (SAP) were studied here as chemical admixtures in mitigating autogenous shrinkage of high-strength concrete or mortar. The sorptivity of the SAPs was quantified in saline solutions which mimicked the ionic composition of cement pore solution and in the cement pore solution itself. Ca²+ ions essentially modified this sorptivity. SAPs of maximum anionicity released the stored ionic solution swiftly to a large extent, whereas SAPs containing acrylamide as a comonomer retained the liquid over a longer term. These kinetics could be directly linked to the efficiency of the SAPs in mitigating autogenous shrinkage of high-strength mortar. The SAPs which released liquid freely reduced autogenous shrinkage significantly less than the more retentive SAPs. Finally, the compressive strength of the mortars under investigation was determined. It became obvious that only a well-balanced selection of SAP type and dosage in conjunction with the most appropriate amount of extra water for internal curing has no negative effect, but can even lead to an increase in compressive strength.


During landfall of extratropical cyclones between 2005 and 2011, nearly 1400 precipitation samples were collected at intervals of 30-min time resolution with novel automated collectors at four NOAA sites in northern California [Alta (ATA), Bodega Bay (BBY), Cazadero (CZD) and Shasta Dam (STD)] during 43 events. Substantial decreases were commonly followed hours later by substantial increases in hydrogen isotopic composition (δ 2HVSMOW where VSMOW is Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water) and oxygen isotopic composition (δ 18OVSMOW) of precipitation. These variations likely occur as pre-cold frontal precipitation generation transitions from marine vapour masses having low rainout to cold cloud layers having much higher rainout (with concomitant brightband signatures measured by an S-band profiling radar and lower δ 2HVSMOW values of precipitation), and finally to shallower, warmer precipitating clouds having lower rainout (with non-brightband signatures and higher δ 2HVSMOW values of precipitation), in accord with 'seeder–feeder' precipitation. Of 82 intervals identified, a remarkable 100.5 ‰ decrease in δ 2HVSMOW value was observed for a 21 January 2010 event at BBY. Of the 61 intervals identified with increases in δ 2HVSMOW values as precipitation transitioned to shallower, warmer clouds having substantially less rainout (the feeder part of the seeder–feeder mechanism), a remarkable increase in δ 2HVSMOW value of precipitation of 82.3 ‰ was observed for a 10 February 2007 event at CZD. All CZD and ATA events having δ 2HVSMOW values of precipitation below −105 ‰ were atmospheric rivers (ARs), and of the 13 events having δ 2HVSMOW values of precipitation below −80 ‰, 77 % were ARs. Cloud echo-top heights (a proxy for atmospheric temperature) were available for 23 events. The mean echo-top height is greater for higher rainout periods than that for lower rainout periods in 22 of the 23 events. The lowest δ 2HVSMOW of precipitation of 28 CZD events was −137.9 ‰ on 16 February 2009 during an AR with cold precipitating clouds and very high rainout with tops >6.5 km altitude. An altitude effect of −2.5 ‰ per 100 m was measured from BBY and CZD δ 2HVSMOW data and of −1.8 ‰ per 100 m for CZD and ATA δ 2HVSMOW data. We present a new approach to categorise rainfall intervals using δ 2HVSMOW values of precipitation and rainfall rates. We term this approach the algorithmic-isotopic categorisation of rainfall, and we were able to identify higher rainout and/or lower rainout periods during all events in this study. We conclude that algorithmic-isotopic categorisation of rainfall can enable users to distinguish between tropospheric vapour masses having relatively high rainout (typically with brightband rain and that commonly are ARs) and vapour masses having lower rainout (commonly with non-brightband rain).


Background: Maintaining sexual life in older women might be perceived as a measure of healthy and successful aging. This study aimed to establish the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) based on the DSM-5 criteria and predictors of sexual performance in older women. Methods: A total of 185 women between 55 and 79 years old were included in the study. Validated scales were used to assess sexual function (Changes in Sexual Function Questionnaire (CSFQ)), the propensity for sexual excitation/inhibition (Sexual Excitation/Sexual Inhibition Inventory for Women), and sexual anxiety/avoidance (Body Exposure during Sexual Activity Questionnaire (BESAQ)). Multiple regression was used to assess the factors affecting sexual function and the prevalence of FDS. Results: Sexual distress was diagnosed in 14.1% of women, and FSD in 16.2% (n = 53), whereas sexual problems (CSFQ) were diagnosed in 33.3% of women, and distressing sexual concerns in 35.1%. Women with a lower number of male sexual partners (β = −0.22), a better attitude toward sex (β = 0.25), higher importance of sex (β = 0.31), a higher level of sexual excitation (β = 0.34), and that were sexually active (β = 0.39) had better sexual function, as evaluated by CSFQ. Conclusions: Most older women remain sexually active. The diversity of sexual activity in later life should be affirmed to encourage women to be sexually active and to strengthen the response to sexual stimuli.


Recommended system that predicts or suggests the content to the user supported the past searches and supported the opposite user's behavior. With the recognition of the social network, the social recommender system has gained the momentum of analysis among the researchers and social scientist. Social choice is one amongst the new rising options. Social choice is employed by each e-commerce and political organizations. Political organizations use it to investigate the end result of the election result. Ecommerce uses it to spice up their services and business. The paper essentially speaks a lot of regarding cooperative filtering in specific and normally regarding the social recommender systems. It discusses the social choice recommendation system in radio frequency and NN based mostly approaches. The paper provides a summarize context of the techniques and challenges within the collaborating filtering.


The article presents a statistical analysis of the monthly consumption of hot water in apartment buildings. On this basis, a monthly model of hot water consumption in multi-family buildings was proposed. This model consists of two sub models: model of average daily consumption of domestic hot water and a model describing changes in consumption of hot water in individual months of the year. To construct the model of average daily consumption of hot water, data on the consumption of hot water was used out of 16 multi-family buildings from the period of two years. The data was supplemented with information on the housing structure in the building. The study of changes in hot water consumption in the following months was based on data obtained from 30 buildings. Statistical analysis showed a strong correlation between the monthly consumption of hot water, the outside temperature and holiday period.


Preeclampsia (PE), the most common pregnancy disease, is the main cause for maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity worldwide. The disease is characterized by a sudden increase in blood pressure in combination with signs of end organ damage, e.g. proteinuria and the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Immune dysregulation and endothelial dysfunction are important pathomechanisms leading to PE, we hypothesize that anti-angiogenesis and dysregulation of microvascular perfusion postpartum lead to the increased cardiovascular risk in later life. In addition, we will test if the examination of retinal vessels can be used as a diagnostic window for early risk prediction of cardiovascular alterations. In a well-established transgenic rat model for PE, we performed speckle tracking echocardiography, immunostaining, RNA sequencing and small vessel imaging by micro-computed tomography of the heart and the eyes in former preeclamptic rats (PEpp) and healthy controls (WTpp). A reduction of cardiac vessels (AUC 0-200 μm: WTpp 77.19±4.64 vs. PEpp 62.59±2.72) in combination with an increase of small vessels in the retina (AUC 0-50 μm: WTpp 52.89±1.47 vs. PEpp 59.54±1.09) is shown postpartum. Data from echocardiography (Global longitudinal strain: WTpp -22.03±2.47 % vs. PEpp -14.50±1.80 %) and histological staining (CD31: WTpp 292.7±30.9 per fov vs. PEpp 219.0±10.5 per fov) support the hypothesis of persistent cardiovascular alterations after PE. Performing RNAseq, 65 genes were found to be permanently altered in the left ventricle of the heart of preeclamptic rats compared to 4 genes in controls. In the retinal tissue, 39 genes in PEpp and no genes in WTpp were identified postpartum compared to never pregnant animals (adjusted p-value < 0.05,


Talk presented at the Informal Seminar in Operations Research, The Johns Hopkins University, April 6, 1954. Operations Research, ISSN 0030-364X, was published as Journal of the Operations Research Society of America from 1952 to 1955 under ISSN 0096-3984.


Recent advances in single‐molecule techniques have led to new discoveries in analytical chemistry, biophysics, and medicine. Understanding the structure and behavior of single biomolecules provides a wealth of information compared to studying large ensembles. However, developing single‐molecule techniques is challenging and requires advances in optics, engineering, biology, and chemistry. In this paper, we will review the state of the art in single‐molecule applications with a focus over the last few years of development. The advancements covered will mainly include light‐based in vitro methods, and we will discuss the fundamentals of each with a focus on the platforms themselves. We will also summarize their limitations and current and future applications to the wider biological and chemical fields.


1 . The Context of Chu Hsi's Composition of the Ts 'an-t 'ung-ch 'i k 'ao-i 2. The Ts 'an-t 'ung-ch 'i k 'ao-i as a Critical Edition and as a Commentary 3 . Chu Hsi's Comments on the Trigram and Hexagram Associations 3.1. Adoption of the Na-chia Method 3.2. Extension of the Scheme of the "Twelve Sovereign Hexagrams" 3.3. Rejection of the Kua-ch 7 method 4. Chu Hsi's Comments on the Alchemical Content


Carbonate rocks react easily with the surrounding environment, especially in acidic environment. This property leads to very complex and heterogeneous fabric but can also be an important advantage in EOR method and CO2 sequestration. Extensive studies have been carried on carbonate dissolution but the dissolution response of different microfacies at different temperature is still unpredictable and challenging to predict. The aim of this study is to develop predictive dissolution models for different carbonate microfacies at 25°C, 50°C and 75°C, under controlled conditions. The models are developed as a function of time of dissolution, pore-filling carbonate crystal size, porosity and permeability. The results show that as a function of only time, the dissolution models are described by log linear function where the dissolution rate increases as the temperature increases. The other developed dissolution models show that time and porosity have positive impact on dissolution whereas crystal size slows the dissolution. Based on the models, permeability appears to have no impact on dissolution. The predicted results obtained from the different models are in good agreement with the measured experimental data.


Background: To determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practice among clinical students' of Yazd University of Medical Sciences toward Isolation Precaution -1394. Methods and material : A descriptive –analytical cross-sectional study was developed and distributed to 300 clinical students who studied in Yazd University of Medical Sciences. The self-administered questionnaire was composed of demographic data and three parts, knowledge, attitude, and practice, toward Isolation precaution (standard, droplet, airborne and contact precautions). Results: The survey was completed by 325 (response rate: 92/3%) of potential respondents. Mean scores of knowledge, attitude, and practice towards standard, droplets, airborne and contact isolation precautions were poor. In addition, a linear correlation was found between three items of the survey including knowledge-attitude, knowledge-practice and attitude- practice in all subgroups of isolation precautions. Conclusion : clinical students' of Yazd University of Medical Sciences seemed to have low levels of knowledge, attitude and practice towards infection control. There are numerous educational deficits in our clinical students' of Yazd University of Medical Sciences in relation to infection control that must urgently be addressed


By using the concept of uniform limit, several conditions for exchanging order of repeated limit were esta blished and several results were also acquired.


The invention relates to an apparatus for introducing a label and / or in a substrate, wherein at least one laser beam to the substrate is applied, and causes a change in the material of the substrate or its coating on at least one of the surfaces of the substrate, wherein the substrate is rotatable about a mounted cylinder is performed, and the laser beam is applied to the substrate while the substrate is at least partially in contact with the cylinder. According to the invention takes the surface of the cylinder which is in contact with the substrate, at least temporarily ablated particles which dissolve due to the laser radiation from the side of the substrate which is in contact with the cylinder, so that the ablated particles will not again at or adhere a following substrate.


The objective of the study was to determine the effects of animal class and genotype of cattle on Muscularis longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LTL) nanostructure, ultimate pH (pHu), colour and tenderness of beef. We found significant positive relationships between distance travelled (DT) and meat temperature (Tm) (pl0.01); lairage duration (LDhr) and lightness of colour (L*) (p<0.01); ambient temperature (Ta) and L* (p<0.05) and LDhr and yellowness (b*) (p<0.05) of beef from Bonsmara cattle. Positive linear relationships were observed between DT and Tm (p<0.05) and DT and L* (p<0.01) of the non-descript cattle. There were no significant relationships between pre-slaughter stress and other beef quality parameters (pHu, Warner- Bratzler shear force [WBSF], redness [a*] and b*) of Bonsmara, Nguni and non-descript cattle. Muscle fibres differed among class and genotype and had an effect on meat quality. The Bonsmara, non-descript and Nguni cows and heifers had visible skeletal muscle fibres which were thin and long, promising improved tenderness of beef. Genotype and class had significant effects on meat quality parameters (Tm, pHu, L*, a*, b* and WBSF). The first important principal components as they appeared from the analysis were pHu, Tm, L*, a*, b* and WBSF. Therefore, animal class did not affect the nanostructure of beef; instead, meat tenderness was enhanced by the longer and visible muscle fibres. Nguni cattle produced meat of superior quality to that of the Bonsmara and the non-descript cattle.


This paper presents a set of algorithms for trade modeling with cellular automata (CA). The cellular automata simulator developed for this purpose has allowed the study of phenomena that occur within groups of agents that operate in a dynamic resource field. With this cellular automata simulator algorithms have been developed and tested for clustering of agents in agencies and for studying phenomena within agencies. It was thus evident that within agencies the agents try to group in the neighborhood of leading and rich agents with high performance, in order to learn from them the best rules. In terms of hierarchy, the results show that the places in the immediate neighborhood of the agents with leading positions can be occupied only by agents with wealth.


Organizations such as broadcasting stations and libraries which deal with huge amount of information require high-capacity storage systems for archiving their materials and information. It is necessary and urgent for the storage people to develop a compact, high capacity, and low-cost data storage systems. Even though the Blue-ray technology is commercialized and now it is on the market, demand for the compact and low-cost system is still increasing. A flexible disk system has been introduced recently to satisfy above mentioned requirements. The system uses multiple of thin disks and is expected to achieve technical requirements. However, decreasing the disk thickness makes it difficult to read and write data because it decreases the disk rigidity so that the transverse vibration of the rotating disk increases easily due to both the interaction with surrounding air and the vibration characteristics of thin flexible disk itself. In this study, flat-type stabilizer is proposed to suppress the transverse vibration of a -thick polycarbonate disk. Characteristics of disk vibration have been studied through the results of numerical analysis from the fluid mechanics point of view. Numerical simulation is verified through the experiment by measuring the gap between the rotating disk and the stationary flat stabilizer. The axial deflections of the disk are computed for various rotating speeds and reference gap sizes and then a method of regression is applied to those data. As a result, an empirical relation is proposed for the steady deformation shape of the rotating disk.


Capital market efficiency is enhanced through improved quality of corporate reporting. Credible information, however, is costly to gather and disseminate. A practical methodology is thus required to determine the most cost effective way of evolving a company's communication strategy over time. To this end, this paper addresses three key questions: What information is required to provide confidence that the reported financial performance is both an accurate reflection of the value creating activities of management and sustainable over time? Why should companies report this information? What are the economic benefits? How, in practical terms, can companies start to frame their long-term reporting strategy? The journey that this paper suggests is not straightforward - indeed, for many, it will start with a hard look at the quality of internal information systems. However, recent events have underscored the fact that the costs of inaction are too high to ignore.


The structural transition of the Brazilian industry: an analysis of the explaining factors from the demand side. The paper aimed to find the causes of the recent process of specialization of the Brazilian industrial structure. In a first section, an analysis of the evolution along time of the Brazilian industrial structure in terms of value added indicates that this process was initiated in the first half of the 90's and deepened in the years of 2000, with an increase of the share of some sectors of lower-technological complexity, which represented already a high share of the industrial output. In a second section, based on three distinct periods (1985-1990, 1990-1996 and 1996-2004), the study realizes a structural decomposition analysis of the Brazilian input-output matrices in terms of value added and employment and concludes that it was not a single factor that leaded to such recent path of structural change of the Brazilian industry. Oppositely, the low dynamism of domestic demand and the process of trade liberalization seem to have jointly created this result. Key-words: structural change, diversification, specialization, input-output, Brazilian industry JEL Classification: L16; L60; O14 1 Artigo submetido ao XXVI Encontro Nacional de Economia da ANPEC ∗ Assistente de pesquisa do Grupo de Indústria e Competitividade do IE/UFRJ e bolsista do CNPq. Endereço para correspondência: Instituto de Economia, UFRJ – Av. Pasteur, 250 – CEP 22290-240. E-mail: email@example.com. ∗∗ Professor Adjunto do Instituto de Economia / UFRJ e coordenador do Grupo de Indústria e Competitividade do IE/UFRJ. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. A TRANSIÇÃO ESTRUTURAL DA INDÚSTRIA BRASILEIRA: UMA ANÁLISE DOS FATORES EXPLICATIVOS PELA ÓTICA DA DEMANDA


During the anti-Japanese war,the colonial ruling is disastrous to the occupied Hebei.The enslaving education for the Chinese school children proves an aftermath.


Microbolometer depends on the change in electrical resistance of material as the temperature of the material changes. As element technology of microbolometer, VOx thin films are widely used due to high temperature resistance coefficients (TCR) and low noise. However, due to the metal-insulatortransition (MIT) property of the VO2 thin film, it is difficult to fabricate a microbolometer at 68C which can operate at high temperatures. Also, high light absorption is required. Here, we developed VO2 thin films and nanowires. And we developed a light absorber to increase the responsivity of microbolometer through high light absorption and applied it to various application. In order to obtain high quality of thermal sensitive material, we fabricated the resistor included in micro-bolometer which has a low resistance and a high temperature resistance coefficient (TCR) by growing the tetragonal VO2 crystal phase on the oxide thin film of the perovskite structure. In addition, infrared absorber has multilayer structure in which Ti metal layer and an MgF2 dielectric layer are alternately deposited with a several repetition cycle. The absorber layer shows about 70 % infrared absorption in the range of 8–14 μm. In this paper, we used VO2 for the TCR material and the infrared absorber, showing the enhanced performance compared to that of the conventional micro-bolometer. The micro bolometer operates even at high temperature of 100°C. The micro-bolometer has a responsivity and detectivity of 4.90 x 10 V/W and 1.45 x 10 cmHz/W at 100C. In VO2 materials study, we demonstrated the mechanism of VO2 nanowires growth and MIT based strain sensor. The remarkable electronic and mechanical properties of nanowires promise fascinating applications; however, the difficulties of assembling ordered arrays of aligned nanowires over large areas prevent their integration into many practical devices. In this paper, we show that aligned VO2 nanowires form spontaneously after heating a thin V2O5 film on a grooved SiO2 surface. Nanowires grow after complete de-wetting of the film, formation of super-cooled nanodroplets and subsequent Ostwald ripening and coalescence. We investigate the growth mechanism with molecular dynamics simulations of spherical Lennard-Jones particles – the simulations help explain how the grooved surface produces aligned nanowires. With this simple approach, we produce self-aligned, millimeter long nanowire arrays with uniform metal-insulator transition properties which, after transfer to a polymer substrate, act as a highly sensitive array of strain sensors with very fast response time of several tens of milliseconds. As photo-thermal conversion study, we developed light absorber in broad wavelength. A facile method to fabricate mechanically robust stretchable solar absorber for stretchable heat generation and enhanced thermoelectric generator is demonstrated. This strategy is very simple, it is a multilayer film made of titanium and magnesium fluoride optimized by two-dimensional finite element frequency domain simulation, followed by the application of mechanical stress such as bending and stretching to the film. This process produces many microsized sheets with submicron thickness (~ 500 nm), showing great adhesion to any substrates such as fabrics and PDMS. It shows quite high light absorption of approximately 85 % over a wavelength range from 0.2 to 4.0 μm. Under 1-sun illumination, the solar absorber on various stretchable substrates increased the substrate temperature to approximately 60C, irrespective of various mechanical stresses such as bending, stretching, rubbing, and even washing. The thermoelectric generator with the absorber on the top surface also showed an enhanced output power of 60 %, compared to that without the absorber. With incident solar radiation flux of 38.3 kW/m, the output power significantly increased to 24 mW/cm due to the increase of the surface temperature to 141C. Reflectivity is an important part of photo-thermal conversion. We have studied research on antireflective films applicable to solar cells. A series of hierarchical ZnO-based antireflection coatings with different nanostructures (nanowires and nanosheets) is prepared hydrothermally, followed by means of RF sputtering of MgF2 layers for coaxial nanostructures. Structural analysis showed that both ZnO had a highly preferred orientation along the <0001> direction with a highly crystalline MgF2 shell coated uniformly. However, a small amount of Al was present in nanosheets, originating from Al diffusion from the Al seed layer, resulting in an increase of the optical bandgap. Compared with the nanosheet-based antireflection coatings, the nanowire based ones exhibited a significantly lower reflectance (~2%) in ultraviolet and visible light wavelength regions. In particular, they showed perfect light absorption at wavelength less than approximately 400 nm. However, a GaAs single junction solar cell with nanosheet-based antireflection coatings showed the largest enhancement (43.9%) in power conversion efficiency. These results show that the increase of the optical bandgap of the nanosheets by the incorporation of Al atoms allows more photons enter the active region of the solar cell, improving the performance.


The information of Normalized Well Log(NWL) in the district No.7 of Karamay Oilfield means the information acquired by normal apparent resistivity log,spontaneous potential log and caliper log with normalized depth scale of 1:500 and calibration scale.This kind of information originally is not capable of quantitatively interpreting porosity and oil saturation, however,it has taken the proportion to total logs in the district up to 34%,so it should be used to its greatest possibility.This paper utilizes the normal apparent resistivity log and core analysis data to establish normal apparent resistivity-lithology charts,utilizes SP decrease index α and core porosity  to establish α- charts,and calculates correct factors of the normal apparent resistivity according to comprehensive well logs(CWL) and then fixes on parameters of saturation calculation equations.Comparison the results of the improved NWL with the corresponding CWL,the average absolute error and relative error of porosity are 1.85% and 11.88% respectively,and those of oil saturation are 9.08% and 24.75% respectively.Selective application of the improved NWL to fine conglomerate reservoir description in the district offsets the defect that reservoir parameters cannot be studied because of absence of CWL data.


The effect of different IVM time,FSH dose(0,0.02,0.04,0.06 AU/mL) and hormone combination strategy,amino acids,and the low oxygen and negative air pressure culture condition on the goat IVM/IVF were studied.The result showed that 24-27 h was a suitable time for goat oocytes maturation in vitro;The supplement FSH to IVM medium improved significantly the IVF cleavage rate of goat(P0.01);The best additive dose of FSH was 0.02-0.04 AU/mL;The supplement of LH had no obvious influence to IVM/IVF of goat;The supplement of E2 had the negative effect to the IVM/IVF of goat and decreased the blastula development rate significantly(P0.05);The supplement of amino acids of EAA and NEAA to IVM medium increased significantly the cleavage rate of IVF(P0.05);The condition of low oxygen and negative air pressure used in the experiment had no significant influence to the effct of IVM on goat,but decreasd significantly the cleavage rate of IVF(P0.01),and did not increase the blastula development rate in vitro.


OBJECTIVE To study the chemical constituents of sarcandra glabra.METHODS The chemical constituents were isolated by means of chromatography technologies and extraction、recrystallization methods.The structures were determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods.RESULTS Seventeen compounds were isolated and elucidated as(-)-lithospermoside(1),10a-hydroxy-1-oxoeremophila-7(11),8(9)-dien-8,12-olide(2),isoscopoletin(3),esculetin(4),rutin(5),hyperoside(6),citreorosein(7),chrysophanol(8),emodin-8-O-β-Dglucopyranoside(9),friedelin(10),ursolic acid(11),oleanolic acid(12),β-daucosterol(13),palmitic acid(14),monopalmitin(15),5-hydroxyl-methylfurfural(16),β-D-glucose(17).CONCLUSION Compounds1、2、 3、7、8、9、10、12 and 15 are isolated from this plant for the first time.Compounds 1、2、3、7、9、10、12 and 15 are obtained from this genus for the first time.Compound 1、2、7、9 and 10 are isolated from Chloranthaceae for the first time.


As road base materials, porous cement-stabilised aggregates (PCSA) can reduce the erosion damage caused by the water inside pavement structure. However, due to the reduced deformation resistance and anti-cracking ability associated with the high porosity, the application of PCSA has been held back. A laboratory experiment was conducted in this study to improve the cracking properties of PCSA through the incorporation of the styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) latex. The effects of the SBR latex usage on permeability, compressive strength, flexural strength and anti-freezing ability (AFA) of PCSA were investigated. In addition, the modification mechanisms of the SBR latex on the PCSA properties were analysed. Test results indicated that the air voids and permeability coefficient decreased with the increase in the SBR latex dosages. The flexural strength and AFA were improved when the SBR latex dosages are between 10% and 15%. 7 d compressive strength has a slight decrease, while the 28 d compressive strength is increased. The significant increase in flexural strength and AFA can be attributed to the interpenetrating matrices formation, stretching effect as well as flexibility enhancement after adding the SBR latex.


Column Editor's Note Community college libraries are deeply underrepresented in the professional literature and organizations of academic librarianship. As a result, the challenges and successes that take place in the community college world are largely invisible to others. This JLA column lifts the curtain to reveal the uniqueness of community college libraries as described by their most passionate advocates: the librarians who work there. Articles in this column pay tribute to the commitment and creativity of community college librarians by providing a platform where they can share their professional perspectives and stories. Want to write for this column? Interested authors are invited to submit articles to the editor at firstname.lastname@example.com. Joint-use libraries aim for the most effective use of resources in supporting the needs of multiple institutions, whether high schools, colleges, or universities. However, these streamlined organizations are challenging to design, complex to administer, and often suffer from staffing conflicts and territorial disputes. In this article, the author describes a successful model of a joint-use library, The University Library of Columbus, whose multilayered evolution has generated a multi-institutional library that serves students from a community college, a university, and a technical college. By describing the history and development of their model, as well as details about their agreements and functions, the author shares tips and provides guidance for those who may be developing future joint-use models.


Current cyber defenses are reactive and cannot protect against customized malware and other zero day attacks which persist for many weeks. Using Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis and damage cost models, we trade-off the true positive rate and false positive rate to compare alternative architectures. This analysis provides optimal value(s) of Probability of Detection by evaluating the potential damage from a missed intrusion and costs of processing false positives. In this paper, we propose an approach which involves determining the influencing factors of each strategy and studying the impact of their variations within the context of an integrated intrusion defense strategy. Our goal is to manage the intrusion risks by proactively scheduling recovery for dependable networks.


Quantum information encoded in optical photons can be transmitted over long distances with very high information density, and suffers from negligible thermal noise at room temperature. On the other hand, microwave photons at cryogenic temperatures can be confined in high quality resonators and strongly coupled to solid-state qubits, providing a quantum bus to connect qubits and a route to deterministic photonic non-linearities. The coherent interconversion of microwave and optical photons has therefore recently emerged as a highly desirable capability that would enable freely-scalable networks of optically-linked qubits, or large-scale photonic information processing with multi-photon interactions mediated by microwaves. Here, we propose a route to efficient and coherent microwave-optical conversion based on frequency mixing in Rydberg atoms. The interaction requires no microfabricated components or cavities, and is tunable, broadband, and both spatially and spectrally multimode.


The invention relates to a lens jitter prevention video movement target detection method for an intelligent mobile terminal. The method comprises the steps: dividing a jitter video into a plurality of original frame images with independent numbers; setting a preset difference value as the interval; extracting the continuous original frame images as original images so as to guarantee that an original video does not have big pixel loss; carrying out the gray processing and two-dimensional Gaussian filtering of the original images through optimized image space conversion parameters, and then classifying the obtained images through building a background pixel model and a spherical model, and obtaining a background point; carrying out the movement compensation and correction of the current frame image through employing the offset of the image background pixels after the initialization and real-time updating of a background model, correcting the background model through employing the offset, and extracting a moving object. The method carries out the movement compensation and correction of the current frame image through employing the offset of the image background pixels, so as to compensate the jitter of a lens and to eliminate the adverse impact caused by an unstable jitter lens, thereby effectively detecting the jitter video moving object.


OBJECTIVE To investigate HPLC profiles of the Cassiae obtusifolia Teabag and provide basis for the production and use of specific chromatogram of Cassiae obtusifolia.METHODSBoited water was added to the samples of Cassiae obtusifolia,covered and heated.The lixivium was hydrolyzed with hydrochloride acid and then reflux extracted with chloroform.The HPLC was conducted on Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 column with acetonitrile-water(0.1% phosphoric acid)as mobile phase in gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1.The detection wavelength and reference wavelength were 278 nm and 550 nm,respectively.The integrated chromatographic-digitized information was treated by index of composite information.RESULTSThe specific chromatograms of the Teabag lixivium in different times were obtained and the detecting peaks and ratio,overlapping peaks and ratio of the Cassiae obtusifolia Teabag are different at different times,To compare the similarity by index of composite information,the lixivium heated for 20 min was less than that for 40 min.CONCLUSIONThe quatity of Cassiae obtusifolia Teabag could be controlled by this methed.


IV RESUME V INTRODUCTION 1 ATMOSPHERIC SYSTEM 1 North Atlantic Oscillation 1 Surface Air Temperature 2 SEA SURFACE CONDITIONS 2 Temperature 2 Sea Ice 3 LABRADOR SEA HYDROGRAPHY AND CURRENTS 3 AR7W Hydrography 3 Mean Currents from Argo 4 CHEMICAL CONDITIONS: TOTAL INORGANIC CARBON AND PH 4 BIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS 5 Ocean Colour from Remote Sensing 5 Phytoplankton and Bacteria 5 Mesozooplankton: The Copepod Calanus finmarchicus 6 SUMMARY 6 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 7 REFERENCES 8 FIGURES 9 Maritimes Region AZMP 2013: Labrador Sea Conditions


The invention is a Separierwelle (1) for separating flat strip (2) of a longitudinally divided band. In the Separierwelle (1) are arranged two diagonally opposite, in guide grooves (5, 6) parallel to the axis (7-7) of the Separierwelle (1) by means of a drive movable transport carriages (8, 9) each having a radially out of and in (3) the Separierwelle (1) extendable and retractable grippers (10) for detecting the transport carriages (8, 9) in a predetermined by an editing program position on the Separierwelle (1) to be transported separating wheel and releasing the positioned separating wheel, and two 90 ° to the transport carriage (8, 9) arranged twisted pneumatic clamping strips (11, 12) for clamping the positioned separating discs (3) on the Separierwelle (1) is integrated.


COD fast determination method to obtain COD of wastewater with high concentration of chloride was introduced.The methods of HgSO4 accession and dilution were used to avoid disturbance of chloride ion.The results show that It has high accuracy and preciseness for the wastewater of Cl-/COD≤20.


The invention discloses a driving state early warning method of a fixed route vehicle. A vehicle driving state static test space-time buffer area monitoring model is established, and a driving vehicle is judged to belong to the space border crossing state when the vehicle driving range exceeds a space threshold set by space buffer extended distance L; the driving vehicle is judged to belong to the time border crossing state when driving time of the vehicle in a corresponding segmental arc is less than the minimum value Min of the segmental arc driving time range H or greater than the sum of the maximum value Max of the segmental arc driving time range H and a time threshold h; and when the vehicle is in the border crossing state, the border crossing track point acts as a new starting point to generate a new segmental arc and update the parameters of the vehicle driving state static test space-time buffer area monitoring model so as to start monitoring again. The vehicle condition can be accurately acquired in real time so that a great reference basis is provided for vehicle monitoring.


Abstract The Second World War ended with Japan's capitulation after the disastrous nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Subsequently, approximately 700,000 Japanese soldiers were selected as captives to undertake physical labour in Soviet prison camps. After returning to Japan, some of them wrote about their lives in the Soviet Union, drew pictures about their experiences, or wrote about their favourite songs that they had sung during their imprisonment. My study of various reports of Japanese prisoners of war (POWs) after the Second World War surprisingly revealed that not only traumatic conditions during forced labour were published, but also social interactions in the form of joint artistic activities such as making music, producing theatre plays, and staging sports competitions. The prisoners have often retrospectively described these as strikingly positive events during their years of internment in the Soviet Union. This article analyses a total of thirty-four songs sung and composed by Japanese POWs during captivity on a lyrical level (text analysis). In doing so, I adopt a new approach to interpreting the social conditions during the imprisonment of Japanese soldiers in the Soviet Union.


TWO TEST SITES REPRESENTATIVE OF SOILS OF LARGE SECTIONS OF THE COUNTRY WERE EMPLOYED: ONE IN BAINBRIDGE, GEORGIA, AND THE OTHER IN ROSWELL, NEW MEXICO, TYPICAL ACID AND ALKALINE SOILS, RESPECTIVELY. A DETAILED DISCUSSION OF THE EFFECT OF UP TO EIGHT YEARS OF SOIL BURIAL EXPOSURE ON MOLDED PLASTICS, CASTING RESINS, RUBBERS AND METAL-TO-RUBBER BONDS, ELECTRICAL AND STRUCTURAL LAMINATES, ADHESIVES, TAPES AND COATED CONDUCTORS ARE COVERED. HIGH-DENSITY AND BLACK CROSSLINKED POLYETHYLENES, RIGID PVC'S, ACRYLICS, POLYCARBONATES, ACETATES, FLUOROCARBONS, STYRENE POLYESTERS, UNFILLED EPOXY, NEOPRENE WITHOUT CLAYS, AND SULFUR-CURED NITRILE RUBBER HAVE BEEN ESSENTIALLY UNAFFECTED. WITH BOTH PLASTICS AND ELASTOMERS, SIGNIFICANT LOSSES IN TENSILE STRENGTH ARE ALMOST ALWAYS ACCOMPANIED BY LARGE DECREASES IN INSULATION RESISTANCE. UNLESS THERE IS CHEMICAL BREAKDOWN OR BIOLOGICAL DAMAGE, THE STRENGTH LOSSES OF ALL MOLDED PLASTICS AND MANY ELASTOMERS APPEAR TO LEVEL OFF, AFTER FOUR YEARS OF EXPOSURE, AT ABOUT 25-45 PERCENT. /AUTHOR/


Medical big data science research such as radiomics has soared in recent years and found many potential applications in medical physics. In contrast to the tremendous interests in these exciting new directions, comprehensive learning materials and books have been scarce on these topics, especially those that tailor toward the radiation oncology and radiology communities. Despite an abundance of research papers and some review articles, there have not been many comprehensive books devoted to these special audiences. Two first‐ edition books published in 2019 by the Taylor and Francis Group, Radiomics and Radiogenomics (edited by Ruijiang Li, Lei Xing, Sandy Napel, and Daniel L. Rubin) and Big Data in Radiation Oncology (edited by Jun Deng and Lei Xing), have opportunely filled this void, and provided a comprehensive review as well as valuable insights on these key new advances. The chapter authors for the two books are reputable experts on related research areas, including many leading figures such as Robert Gillies, Maryellen Giger, Joseph Deasy, Issam Naqa, Laurence Court, and Charles Mayo. The books belong to an ongoing book series titled "Imaging in Medical Diagnosis and Therapy" that was first initiated over a decade ago by a group of senior leaders in the medical physics community, with each volume to address "a rapidly advancing area of medical imaging or radiation therapy of importance to medical physicists".


concludes that it was decisively Calvinist. On a similar topic, Francis Higman examines Calvin's view of Anglicanism and finds that Calvin had a forbearing attitude toward the 1549 Prayer Book, although he believed it contained far too many ceremonies. He attributed the English affection for ritual to excessive patriotism, a view that discredited Calvin in the eyes of many English Protestants. Yves Tatarenko directs his attention to the Catholic reception of Calvin, as expressed by theologians at the Sorbonne in the mid-sixteenth century. Not surprisingly they roundly condemned Reformed theology and regarded Calvin as a prideful hypocrite with whom no dialogue was possible. Finally, essays by F. P. van Stam, Irena Backus, Marie-Madeleine Fragonard, and Mario Turchetti explore the polemics surrounding Calvin and the Reformation. Van Stam's discovery of a 1545 work by Pierre Caroli attacking the "Farellistes" enabled van Stam to show that Calvin did not begin this exchange. Rather, van Stam argues, Calvin was actually on the defensive, even as Protestant fortunes were flagging in the Vaudois. Backus gives a more ordinary flavor to contemporary polemics by describing the banal and misinformed assault on Calvin by Nicolas Durand de Villegagnon, a minor noble and lay amateur theologian. Fragonard's study points out that polemics was not the only strategy to battle heresy. The French Dominican Pierre Dore wrote devotional manuals to nurture Catholic piety and thereby ward off religious contamination. A few thinkers promoted compromise and even toleration as solutions to the intense conflicts of the Reformation. Turchetti, in recounting Calvin's antagonism to two such figures, Sebastian Castellio and Francois Baudoin, shows that Calvin's rigid exclusivism placed him well within the mainstream of sixteenth-century religious culture. In general Olivier Millet edited the work skillfully and provided something for almost any serious student of the Reformed tradition in the sixteenth century. Unfortunately, however, the inclusion of so many essays must have placed stringent space requirements on the authors, for several need more depth to develop their arguments sufficiently. Nevertheless, the collection as a whole does offer some interesting prospects for the study of Calvin in the context of his times.


Middle-class status in Baroda, India, involves the consumption of other and much more goods than consumed by earlier generations. However, established morality qualifies the pursuit of status through consumption as illegitimate. In addition, some people fear that consumption of modern goods signals the onset of a shallow and meaningless society, and conflicts with true emotional life and empathy. The pursuit of employment and status through consumption also runs counter to the ideal of simplicity, or abstinence from material pleasures. In local discourse on social and cultural conditions, consciousness of the distance between ideal and real with regard to consumption is ever present and marks local evaluation of, and debate about, modern consumer culture. 13 References. Adapted from the source document.


This paper presents a study of the scour in front of the breakwater caused by oblique waves influence. The experiments were conducted to investigate this scour. The experimental results indicate that the maximum depth of scour hole is observed near the breakwater. The scour depth increases as a wave period and incident wave angleincrease. While comparing the present experimental results with the previous study, it is found out that the scour caused by oblique waves influence considerably differs from the scour caused by the influence of straight waves. Breakwater is an important component of a sea port. It is intended to protect the port water area from the impacts of waves, currents and sediments. The scour in front of the breakwater may occur as a result of waves and currents. It may cause the damage of a construction and stop the proper functioning of the port. Therefore the study of scour is an important task of hydraulic construction.When oblique waves approach the breakwater the system of three-dimensional waves are formed, which are called "short-crested waves". These waves generate a current along the breakwater front. The current interacts with the ground and causes erosion of the bed. This mechanism differs from the mechanism of erosion in the case of frontal approach of waves when the standing waves are formed. Namely, erosion of the bed is the result of the wave velocity increase due to the reflection of waves at the structure. However, in engineering practice of hydraulic structures design, the influence of oblique waves is neglected and is taken into account only in case of the regular incoming of the waves.


In the period of the information explosion, small and medium-sized companies are constantly made to use information systems for classification and evaluation of gathered information. This appears to be the beginning of the need of their flexibility in terms of the market demands. The pressure on the quality, quantity, relevance and reliability of gathered and further transferred information is constantly rising. This concerns any business regardless of its size. However, the quantitative growth of data is mostly not balanced by equal growth of quality of the information for the purpose of effective management. This is why it is very important to monitor the overall information about a company in small and medium-sized business . Effective use of the gathered information depends on the choice of the information system corresponding to the company structure.


Urbanization can lead to increased sedimentation, erosion, pollution, and runoff into streams. The United States Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Rapid Bioassessment Protocols (RBPs) are sets of guidelines that can be used to assess a habitat's sedimentology, hydrology, vegetation, and geomorphology to determine impairment. An unnamed tributary of Stone Dam Creek on the University of Central Arkansas (UCA) campus in Conway, Arkansas runs partially underground and through the urbanized UCA campus watershed. The stream was assessed using the USEPA's RBPs to determine impairment of the stream, and received a RBP score of 71.2 out of 200 compared to 153.5 in a reference stream. An ecological restoration design was then prepared for a 2-year, 1-hour rainfall event to address areas of impairment. The goal was to increase the RBP score by increasing cross-sectional area of the stream as well as by improving stream morphology where possible. With the proposed design, modeled stream velocity was reduced throughout the stream by an average of 19.6%. It was assessed that as a result of the reduction in velocity and changes to morphology, RPB scores would increase throughout the stream reach. * Paige E. Boyle is a May 2015 honors program graduate with a major in Environmental, Soil, and Water Science and minors in Horticulture and Wildlife Habitat. † Mary C. Savin, a faculty mentor, is a professor in the Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences. § James A. McCarty is a program associate in the Office for Sustainability. ‡ Marty D. Matlock, a faculty mentor, is the Executive Director for the Office for Sustainability and a professor in the Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering. Undergraduate Research Articles


Abstract The paper reviews 200 papers regarding environmentally adjusted analysis of agricultural efficiency found in the Scopus database. Based on the PRISMA method the scope of the review was limited to papers where efficiency is assessed with data envelopment analysis (DEA) or stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). The aim of this paper is to identify how efficiency analysis can be enhanced to take into account environmental aspects of agricultural production and indicate the research trends and gaps. Regarding the trends, most of the studies refer to agriculture in Europe, with a noticeable increasing trend in Asia. The production directions under research mainly include crops or milk production, usually in the farm scale. It can also be observed that a typical economic efficiency model is developed to include new environmentally detrimental inputs or undesirable outputs, such as fertilizing, climate impact, crop protection, water footprint, and energy usage. The most common determinants were farmers features, scale of production, intensification, agricultural practices, quality of the production environment, macroeconomic environment, specialization, environmental practices, and farm features. The following research gaps were identified. The case studies of Africa and North America are limited, like those at the field and local levels as well as those related to horticultural and animal production other than milk production. The SFA approaches are underdeveloped in comparison with DEA, like approaches other than additional inputs/outputs. In particular, the by-production approach seems promising. Limited attention has been paid to soil condition, biodiversity, waste generation in agriculture, and positive externalities provided by the agriculture. An interesting and less investigated area in terms of performance determinants remain farmers' behavioral features.


In KI—C4H4O6KNa—HCl—NaHCO3solution at pH 8,Sb(Ⅲ) was titrated by electrogenerated iodine,and then was determined base on the coulomb's law.The end point was determined by the dead-stop titration method.Under the optimized condition,the relative error for 1.00mL 0.01000mol/L Sb(Ⅲ) standard solution was 0.20%.This method had been applied to the determination of purity of antimony(Ⅲ) compound sample,the RSD was 0.08%~0.21%.The results indicated that,comparison with the convention titrimetry(iodimetry),this method is simple,rapid,sensitive and accurate.


An intelligent target hit reporting system for military purpose is composed of a microphone array, data acquisition device, communication cable, computer, and report display. It is based on the priciple that the supersonic flying of a bullet can generate shock waves. When the shock wave passes through the microphone array, the shock wave pulse can generate time delay. A mathematical model for determining the position of bullet hit on target is created according to said time delay and the geometrical relation between shock wave and microphone array and then used to write the computer program.


The 40 years SST data of eight hydrological observation stations (Yinshuichuan, Shengshan,Dachen,Nanji,Beishuang,Pingtan,Xiamen,and Dongshan) in the coastal region of the East China Sea are sumarised and analisized. The research results show that the SST is mainly controlled by solar radiation, secondly controlled by local geography, climate and hydrological conditions. The SST contribution takes on the following trend: south is higher than north. The SST has obviously annual and biannual periods. There exist various SST periodic vibrations, and there exist difference between the south main vibration and the north one. According to 40 years SST data along the East China Sea, as a whole, the SST is increasing with time, with the winter increasing range most, so the warm winter is the important factor to increasing SST.


Aim  Rectal carcinoids are often inadequately resected by snare excision during colonoscopy. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery is a minimally invasive procedure with low morbidity that offers full‐thickness excision with a low rate of negative margins. It presents an excellent alternative to radical surgery for mid and proximally located lesions. We report the largest United States (US) experience in the use of transanal endoscopic microsurgery for rectal carcinoids.


Vitamins are present in small amounts in food and are essential for the organic balance of fish. Liposoluble vitamins are stored in the liver and may lead to hypo or hypervitaminosis which in both cases can generate complications to animal homeostasis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of vitamin A supplementation in the diet of pacu fingerlings (Piaractus mesopotamicus). A total of 240 fingerlings with the initial average weight of 17.55 ± 3.22 g were randomly distributed in 20 500 L-circular tanks. Diets were supplemented with retinol acetate (1,000,000 IU of vitamin A g-1) to contain 0, 3,000, 6,000, 9,000, and 12,000 IU of vitamin A kg-1 of diet. The fish were fed ad libitum. Productive performance, carcass yield, visceral fat, hepatosomatic ratio, carcass chemical composition, hematology blood parameters, and liver histology were evaluated. The quadratic effect was observed on final weight and apparent feed conversion with optimum levels at 6,583 and 5,555 IU of vitamin A kg-1 of feed, respectively. There was no influence of vitamin A supplementation on survival, carcass chemical composition, hematology, and liver histology. The minimum supplementation of 5,555 IU of vitamin A kg-1 of ration is indicated to obtain enhanced results in weight gain and apparent feed conversion in pacu fingerlings.


Examines factors contributing to changes in childhood. Care and supervision of children has declined, with survival skills substituting for protection, early concern with emotional issues, and premature sexual initiation. Parents rationalize abandoning authority as increasing children's independence. They deprive children of childhood, contributing to feelings of injury. Childhood should allow for gradual growth and trust in interpersonal relations. (KDFB) Language: en


ABSTRACT Background: Mesothelioma (MM) is a malignant tumor originating from the cells lining the coelomic cavities of the body, principally caused by asbestos exposure. Asbestos causes immunosuppression/dysfunction in the coelomic cavities micro-environment. First-line treatment for advanced MM is pemetrexed/platinum chemotherapy, but effective second-line treatments are lacking, highlighting a need for new treatment approaches. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a co-inhibitory receptor expressed on activated T cells. Tremelimumab is a human anti-CTLA-4 antibody that has been investigated in ∼1000 patients (pts) with various tumor types. A single institution, investigator-initiated phase 2 trial (NCT01649024) in advanced MM showed encouraging activity with tremelimumab, including disease control in 31% of 29 pts, two durable partial responses lasting 6 and 18 months (mos), median overall survival (OS) of 10.7 mos, and 1- and 2-year (y) survival rates of 48% and 37%, respectively (Calabro, Lancet Oncol 2013). Trial design: This is an ongoing global, multicenter, phase 2b, randomized, double-blind study (NCT01843374) in pts with unresectable pleural or peritoneal MM who progressed after 1–2 lines of treatment, including an anti-folate-platinum-based regimen for advanced disease. Pts, stratified by EORTC status (low vs. high risk), line of therapy (2nd vs. 3rd), and anatomical site (pleural vs. peritoneal), are randomized 2:1 to tremelimumab or placebo. The primary endpoint is OS. Secondary efficacy endpoints include OS rate at 18 mos, disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR), and duration of response (based on modified RECIST criteria for pleural mesothelioma and modified RECIST criteria v1.1 for peritoneal mesothelioma), and patient-reported outcomes. Exploratory objectives include clinical outcomes based on immune-related response criteria; health-related quality of life, pain, disease-related symptoms, and health status in pts with durable clinical activity; and biomarkers. Recruitment is ongoing at ∼180 centers globally to a target of ∼564 randomized pts.This abstract was accepted and previously presented at the 2014 ASCO Annual Meeting Chicago, June 2014 (TPS7609). Disclosure: A. Scherpereel: PI for the trial MedImmune considers the research funding received for the conduct of a MedImmune-sponsored study as conflict of interest; R. Cornelissen: MedImmune considers the research funding received for the conduct of a MedImmune-sponsored study as conflict of interest; A. Di Pietro: Employee of Medimmune and owns stock/stock options in AstraZeneca; H.L. Kindler: Research funding and ad hoc consultant MedImmune. MedImmune considers the research funding received for the conduct of a MedImmune-sponsored study as conflict of interest; K. Nackaerts: Research funding for conduct of MedImmune-sponsored ph IIb randomized placebo-controlled tremelimumab study for malignant mesothelioma patients(D4880C00003).MedImmune considers research funding received for the conduct of a MedImmune-sponsored study a COI; S.J. Antonia: Received honoraria from BMS & MedImmune/AZ for work related to designing, implementing, and analyzing various clinical trials. MedImmune considers the research funding received for the conduct of a MedImmune-sponsored study as conflict of interest; L. Calabro: I have research funding to disclose from MedImmune. MedImmune considers the research funding received for the conduct of a MedImmune-sponsored study as conflict of interest; D. Fu: I am an employee of MedImmune, LLC, Gaithersburg. And I have stock of AstraZeneca; P.B. Robbins: I am an employee of MedImmune, LLC, Gaithersburg. I have stock of AstraZeneca; R. Ibrahim: I am an employee of MedImmune, LLC, Gaithersburg. And I have stock of AstraZeneca; M. Maio: Advisory Boards for BMS, GSK, Roche, MedImmune. He has received clinical research grants from BMS and MedImmune. MedImmune considers research funding received for the conduct of a MedImmune-sponsored study as COI.


California poultry diets typically contain about 60% corn and 30% soybean meal even though the bulk of these ingredients have to be transported from the Midwest. Triticale is a viable alternative feedstuff for poultry because it has a substantially higher protein content than corn and reduces the amount of soybean meal needed in poultry diets. This potential California crop could save the industry a substantial portion of its current shipments of Midwest corn and soybean meal.


It has been reponted thnt nonirradinted monkeys associated peripherally placed stimuli with stimuli that were available for problem solving, and monkeys that had survived large doses of whole-body radiation with mixed source of radiation did not. This was interpreted as indicating that the response threshold of irradiated monkeys is displaced and their attention is narrowed. The present study was designed to determine whether the effect previously reported was related to changes in preferences of irradiated and nonirradiated monkeys for foods. Raisins and celery were selected as rewards, and it was hypothesized that a strong incentive (raisin) would cause the animals to attend to the problem at hand and ignore peripheral cues, whereas a weak incentive (celery) would favor the use of peripheral cues. Also, if groups differ in their preference for the incentives, this should be reflected in their ability to use peripheral cues. The test monkeys had survived three large doses of whole-body irradiation which were given 6, 7, and 8 yr earlier and totaled 1100 r. The results revealed three significant effects. One, which occurred with raisin rewards, was the tendency for irradiated monkeys to do less well on the second problem than on the first. This wasmore » the effect that had been reported under the same condition of reward. The effect was also significant during the second and third, but not during the first time the condition using raisins was presented. More striking was the effect produced by giving two different incentives. Every subject made a higher percentage of errors under celery than under raisin reward. Also, the effect disappeared under celery reward and there was a decline in errors between the first and second problems with celery rewards. Thus, the effect disappears under a weak incentive. This supponts the hypothesis that differences in food preferences of irradiated and nonirradiated monkeys explain the phenomenon of a narrowing of attention to stimuli. (BBB)« less


In the present study, the antioxidant property of 4 flavones (moslosooflavone, wogonin, isowogonin, and norwogonin) was evaluated using 6 different assays: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·), superoxide (O2 •−), and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging assays, ferrous iron chelation, reducing power, and total antioxidant capacity. The 4 flavones exhibited antioxidant activities with decreasing order as norwogonin > isowogonin >> wogonin> moslosooflavone. The present results demonstrated that norwogonin and isowogonin exhibited excellent antioxidant activity, which was mainly based on the presence of C-8 hydroxyl group.


Aiming at the climate and architectural features of Guangzhou region,the energy efficiency rate of several exterior shading in a multi-floor residential building and an office building was analyzed by using Building Shading Design Analyze software(ShadePlus) which based on DOE-2.The result shows that the energy efficiency rate will reach 72.67% for residential building and 57.26% for office building with best exterior shading strategy.At last,exterior shading design method applied in Guangzhou region and related questions such as day lighting and natural ventilation were discussed.


This paper takes a look at the Fairtrade certification system and argues that it represents an
illuminating example of the challenge of systematically determining consumer and
entrepreneurial responsibilities in our global age. In taking up the question of what, if
anything, may be called 'just' or 'fair' in Fairtrade, I more precisely argue for a two-fold thesis:
that (1) a meaningful evaluation of Fairtrade must consider both an interactional and an
(arguably prior) institutional understanding of global responsibilities to promote justice and
that (2) Fairtrade can be better defended against several popular objections from the
perspective of a theory that adequately differentiates between interactional responsibilities of
global reach and institutional responsibilities of promoting justice under unjust circumstances.


So far there is only one special numerical solution to the problem of the large deflection of the annular sandwich plate with uniform thickness because of the complication of the boundary conditions.Using the cubic B-spline function as the trial function,the nonlinear bending and buckling of the annular sandwich plate were calculated by the method of point collocation.The sandwich plate was assumed to be the Reissner model.Under 16 boundary conditions,the formulae were developed for the calculation of the annular sandwich plate subjected to polynomial distributed loads,uniform moments,uniform radial pressure along the edges,uniform line load along an inner edge or their combination.It is the first time that buckling critical load of annular sandwich plate is calculated by nonlinear theory.Advantages of the program written by the spline collocation method are high accuracy,universality and little amount of input data and computing time.


THIS PART OF THE PUBLICATION CONTAINS A NUMBER OF REPORTS BY DIFFERENT AUTHORS ON EXCAVATIONS IN URBAN ZONES. THE FIRST DESCRIBES A SYSTEM OF PROTECTING EXCAVATION SLOPES. THE FOLLOWING PRESENTS SOME PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS ON THE HANDLING OF EXPLOSIVES IN URBAN ZONES. THE THIRD DEALS WITH THE NEED FOR PRELIMINARY SITE INVESTIGATION. THE FOURTH DEALS WITH THE CASE OF SPECIAL EXCAVATIONS WITH PIERS AND SCREENING WALLS. ANOTHER REPORT EXAMINES SOME SAFETY PROBLEMS IN SUBSOIL EXCAVATIONS. THE NEXT DEALS WITH SAFETY PROJECTS IN EXCAVATIONS FOR ACCIDENT PREVENTION. ANOTHER DEALS WITH THE RISK OF EXCAVATING TRENCHES IN URBAN ZONES. THE LAST EXAMINES EXCAVATIONS ON WASTE GROUND BY MEANS OF EXPLOSIVES, AND POSSIBLE CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS AND DAMAGE. FOR THE COVERING ABSTRACT, SEE IRRD ABSTRACT NO 106118.


A support for photographic equipment, comprising: a central shaft (10), a main seat (40) having an axial central through hole (41), support legs (70), and a support mechanism for supporting the central shaft on the main seat; the support mechanism comprises a horizontally arranged support seat (30) disposed rotatable relative to the main seat and unable to move axially; the horizontally arranged support seat (30) has a support segment, an axial through hole (34) and a side wall; the side wall is provided with a notch (33) and a radial through hole (38); the axial through hole (34) and the axial central through hole (41) are sized and shaped to allow the central shaft (10) to at least partially pass through to achieve an upright mode, and the notch and the radial through hole are sized and shaped to allow the central shaft to pass through to achieve transverse mode.


The invention discloses a distributed task managing system and method to reduce resource waste caused by task repetition and improve query efficiency. The system comprises a task monitoring module used for recording task identifications and executing states of all tasks of the system, a database used for storing the one-to-one corresponding relations between the task identifications of all the tasks of the system and query identifications and execution results of tasks which have already been executed, a generating module used for generating a current task request, and a task preprocessing module used for reading the query condition of the current task from the current task request and determining the query identification of the current task when the current task is a query task, searching for the task identification corresponding to the query identification from the database, reading the executing state of the task corresponding to the found task identification from the task monitoring module if the task identification is found, and reading the execution result of the task corresponding to the task identification from the database when the execution state is an accomplished state.


Ex-post evaluations of energy policies in Malaysia between 1970 and 2010 were conducted. The developments of energy policies in Malaysia were traced from the early 1970s with the introduction of the country's first energy-related policy all the way to 2010 with the country's first endeavour towards a biobased energy system. Analyses revealed that many of the policies were either: (1) directly responding to changes in global/domestic socioeconomic and political events, or (2) provided visions to guide developments of the energy sector in alignment with the country's growth agenda. Critical examinations of the country's actual energy consumptions during these 40 years were also conducted to evaluate the efficacy of these energy-related policies. Three noteworthy successes in Malaysia's energy landscape are: (1) the formation of PETRONAS as the national oil and gas company; (2) reduction of country's over-reliance on oil as a single source of energy by significantly growing the production and use of natural gas in a short span of time; and (3) creation of a thriving oil and gas value chain and ecosystem in the country. However, the country is still critically dependent on scarce petroleum resources, despite having an abundance of renewable reserves. Progress towards renewable energy has been too little and too slow.


Solar trackers introduce complexity to the agrivoltaic system's (AVS) design, installation, and operation. The movement of solar trackers creates shading patterns on crops located beneath solar panels. Certain crops can benefit from some shade, but excessive shade during critical growth stages can hinder plant growth and reduce agricultural productivity. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the capability of the common solar tracker system to suit crop-light demands. In this study, five PV system types including the fixed-tilt orientation system (FO), the east-west single-axis tracking system (EWSAT), the north-south single-axis tracking system (NSSAT), the vertical single-axis tracking system (VSAT), and the dual-axis tracking system (DAT) were evaluated. Based on the findings, the order of the solar radiation measured on the PV module is DAT > VSAT > EWSAT > FO > NSSAT. In contrast, the NSSAT system offers less light reduction on the ground than other systems. However, crop-light demands should guide the selection and modification of the solar tracking system. In addition, the PV structure arrangements should also be considered when integrating solar tracking systems with AVS systems.


We prove that a model atom having one bound state will be fully ionized by a time periodic potential of arbitrary strength $r$ and frequency $\omega$. The survival probability is for small $r$ given by $e^{-\Gamma t}$ for times of order $\Gamma^{-1} \sim r^{-2n}$, where $n$ is the number of ``photons'' required for ionization, with enhanced stability at resonances. For late times the decay is like $t^{-3}$. Results are for a 1d system with a delta function potential of strength $-g(1 + \eta (t))$ but comparison with experiments on the microwave ionization of excited hydrogen atoms and with recent analytical work indicate that many features are universal.


those persons who, though unemployed, are not in receipt of insurance benefits. It is worth noting that, in spite of the insurance and in spite of the new form of categorical assistance for the unemployed, no less than 329,905 persons were still in receipt of poor relief because of unemployment. Thus a program of generalized relief, aided by parliamentary grants, is still a last line of defense for nearly a third of a million people. These circumstances in England, where there is a background of twenty-five years' experience with insurance, strongly support the program advocated by some of the leading social workers in this country that a federally aided program of generalized public assistance must provide an underpinning for the new social-security measures. This need is most strikingly revealed perhaps with respect to the unemployed, but is also clearly indicated in other categories. Although England has both a contributory and a noncontributory plan for the aged, this report shows that no less than 221,815 persons over sixty-five years of age who were drawing benefits under one or the other of these plans were obliged in addition to receive assistance from Poor Law Authorities. In other words, 9.2 per cent of all aged pensioners found it necessary to fall back upon the last line of defense. WAYNE MCMILLEN UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO


Shea tree species is vulnerable; the density is rapidly declining due to poor conservation. In spite of the need for its preservation, inadequate information on the returns to shea value chain activities and the limiting factors to shea tree conservation among shea value chain actors in the North-central, Nigeria remain worrisome. A three-stage sampling technique was used to draw 387 respondents in North-central Nigeria consisting of 200 and 187 shea value chain actors from Niger and Kwara States respectively. Descriptive statistics, budgeting techniques and Least Significant Difference (LSD) test were used for data analysis. The results revealed that shea butter producers and shea nut collectors produced an average of 126.44kg and 634.54kg of shea butter and dried shea nut per month, from 337.67kg and 1,264.79kg of shea resources respectively. Similarly, an average of 1,182.08kg of charcoal, 1,377.24kg of fuelwood and 248.25kg of mortar/pestle and hoe handle (MP&H) were produced from 2,703.88kg, 1,433.19kg and 1,101.23kg of inputs per month respectively. The average net returns realized were N29,607.61, N19,690.45 N22,061.31, N24,521.14 and N27,524.15 per month from shea butter production, shea nut collection, charcoal production, fuelwood gathering and MP&H making respectively. The returns from the value chain activities showed a significant difference among all the actors (p<0.05). The major constraints to shea tree conservation for more than 70% of the shea value chain actors were: scarcity of shea hybrids, long gestation period, low returns, threat from charcoal and fuelwood activities. Furthermore, all the activities in the shea value chain were profitable. And the production of charcoal, fuelwood, MP&H constitutes threats to shea tree conservation. The study recommends the provision of shea hybrid, enlightenment on shea tree conservation and enforcement of control mechanisms to check wastage.


This article focuses on the relationships between present-day hypochondria and melancholic states in the passage women to maturity. That is, in the period of the climacteric and the menopause, evidenced by the radical loss of the biological ability to procreate. It discusses women's pathos in this stage and their need to establish a new erotic politics that springs from their body in transition, by going through the prior and subsequent oedipical stages, experienced in regression and transference in the analytic process.


The systematic status of Dalmatian black pine is still unexplained. This black pine is usually considered as subspecies but sometimes also as a separate species. Austrian black pine from Botanical Garden Zagreb, Dalmatian black pine from the mount of Biokovo and Dalmatian black pine from the island of Hvar were used in this study. Two methods of plant molecular systematics have been applied in this work: restriction fragment length polymorphisms of chloroplast DNA (RFLP cpDNA) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The results of RFLP analysis of chloroplast DNA have been showed that there is no differences in restriction fragments among all investigated plants. The RAPD method which is the most appropriate for plant systematic at the species level and below, has been shown DNA polymorphisms between and within investigated populations, distinctly separated Austrian and Dalmatian black pine. The subspecies level for Dalmatian black pine has been strongly supported by these methods.


The paper presents the semi-active vibration control based on the Skyhook algorithm which benefits from the adaptively tuned inverse magnetorheological (MR) damper model. The structure of the inverse model consists of the atan function and a linear viscous damping component. The proposed algorithm was tested by simulation of the quarter-car suspension model subjected to multiple bump road excitation. The suspension model includes the Bouc-Wen model which serves as a reference model of MR damper dynamics. Additional dynamics in the form of the first order filter is added at the output of the damper model. The key elements of the presented algorithm are iterative estimation of immeasurable signals and identification of the inverse model using the modified FxLMS algorithm. The current controlling MR damper is calculated by the inverse model according to the force determined by Skyhook. Simulation experiments confirmed a good quality of vibration control of the vehicle suspension model traversing a bumpy road profile, as well as the correctness of immeasurable signal estimation and MR damper identification. It can be stated that application of the inverse model adaptation in the semi-active vibration control gradually improves vibration attenuation during the ride.


Malaria's cases have been reported to occur annually in Wongsorejo district of Banyuwangi, East Java since 2002. However, there is a significant decrease of malaria cases during these last years, which might be related to the malaria vector species shifting composition. The objective of this research was to observe some important bionomic characteristics of malaria vector Anopheles in this area from 2015 until 2020 which include species identification, blood feeding behaviour and biting preference of vector. The data collection i.e. determination of Anopheles diversity and behaviour was conducted monthly for 3-6 months annually from 2015 – 2018. In 2019-2020 we sampled irregularly to see the trend. The results showed that there were species shifting of Anopheles vectors in this area. The proportion of Anopheles (An.) sundaicus and An. subpictus, which were previously reported until 2015 as the main Anopheles species in this area, significantly decreased in 2016 - 2018. An. indefinitus & An. vagus was becoming the majority of Anopheles species. During 2019-2020, An. vagus became the main species identified in the sampling area. The predominant species of An. vagus and An. indefinitus has exophagic and zoophilic preference behaviour. Furthermore, An. indefinitus has not previously been identified as a vector for malaria, compared to An. sundaius, and An. subpictus which are well known as an important primary malaria vector on Java Island, Indonesia.


A serine protease from Euphausia superba was purified by a series of procedures,including ammonium sulfate precipitation,column chromatographies on DEAE-Sepharose and Phenyl-Sepharose. The purification multiple of the protease was 5. 44 times,and the yield of the protease was 26%,with specific activity of 38. 3 U /mg. As shown in the result of SDS-PAGE electrophoresis,the molecular weight of this protease is 28 ku. The optimum temperature of protease was 37 ℃ and the most suitable pH was 7. 5. Mg2 +,Ca2 +and Mn2 +were activated to protease from Euphausia superba. However,Zn2 +,Cu2 +and Fe3 +were inhibited to the enzyme activity,and the inhibition ability of Cu2 +was the strongest. The enzyme kinetics experiments were performed by using BApNA as substrate. The results showed that the Kmvalue was 0. 073 mmol /L,Vmaxvalue was 1. 44 × 10- 2mmol /L·s,kcatvalue was 0. 6 S- 1and kcat/Kmvalue was 8. 22 × 103.PMSF was a protease inhibitor,and its mechanism of action was irreversible inhibition.


In theses discusses the possibility of correcting persons sentenced to life imprisonment in Ukraine using international experience. Indicated some recommendations for real correction and rehabilitation of prisoners.


On May 22, 2018, Kansas State University Libraries experienced a fire that resulted in major smoke and water damage. The campus computing center was located in the basement of the library and also sustained major water damage rendering campus services unavailable. In the days following, it quickly became apparent that the materials in the main library would be temporarily unavailable. As the summer moved forward, the disaster scope grew, and the timeframe changed to unavailable for several years. This presentation will look at how the Libraries quickly modified their services to reflect the new reality. Topics covered will include:

Changes made to location and library displays
Creation of a satellite library for service continuity
Modifications made on the handling of requests
Handling of renewals
Modifications of links to emphasize Interlibrary Loan
Access to electronic resources without campus authentication
Other useful tips should you need to modify Alma and Primo in a hurry


It is known that chemical bonding is only possible when particles with antiparallel valence electrons spins orientation collide [1, 2]. In an external magnetic field unpaired electrons spins precession around the field lines is observed. Precession frequencies of valence electrons of magnetic and nonmagnetic nuclei differ, resulting in a different probability to collide in reactive state for different isotopes. The investigations results of magnetic field influence on the carbon isotopes redistribution between carbon dioxide and disperse carbon in plasmachemical processes are given. Argon-oxygen plasma by a high-frequency generator was produced. Carbon placed into reaction zone by the high-frequency electrode evaporation. The plasmachemical reaction products quenching in the plasma flow at the sampler probe were examined. It is found that the Laval nozzle sampler is more efficient for plasma stream cooling versus the cylindrical sampler. The effects of flow rate, pressure and carbon dioxide concentration on the plasma flow cooling efficiency were estimated.


Traditional monitoring on water quality is mainly carried according to the instantaneous concentration of pollutants in river,which is time consuming and labor cost.A method based on reuse of ion-exchange resin capsules was evaluated for continuously adsorbing ions in the Longhongjian stream discharged into the West Lake of Hangzhou City.Results showed that the recovery rates of reuse-resin capsule were greater than 95.91%for both NO-3and PO3-4,but the differences among treatments were not significant.The recovery rate of reuse-resin capsule for NH+4was greater than 100%in low concentration and 90%in high concentration.Significant correlations existed between resin capsule cumulative adsorption(RAQ)value and flow in all kinds of ions(R2=0.59,0.47and 0.50,respectively,p0.05).Moreover,there was a significant positive correlation(R2=0.46,p0.05)between RAQ of NO-3—N and concentration of NO-3—N and water flow,indicating that resin capsules can be used in water monitoring of nitrogen and phosphorus,especially NO-3—N.


Results from whole-genome association studies of many common diseases are now available. Increasingly, these are being incorporated into meta-analyses to increase the power to detect weak associations with measured single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Imputation of genotypes at unmeasured loci has been widely applied using patterns of linkage disequilibrium (LD) observed in the HapMap panels, but there is a need for alternative methods that can utilize the pooled effect estimates from meta-analyses and explore possible associations with SNPs and haplotypes that are not included in HapMap. By a weighted average technique, we show that association results for common SNPs in an observed data set can be scaled and combined to infer the effect of a genetic variant that has been measured only in an independent reference data set. We show that the ratio p(R-1)/[1 + p(R-1)], where R is the relative risk associated with a measured or unmeasured allele of frequency p, is appropriately scaled by 1/D' and weighted in proportion to r, both common measures of LD being derived from the reference data set. We illustrate this computationally simple method by combining the results of a genome-wide association screen from the North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium with LD measures from the British 1958 Birth Cohort, and explore the validity of underlying assumptions about the generalizability of LD from one population to another, and from healthy subjects to subjects with clinical disease. Background The HLA allele DRB1*04 has been shown to be more strongly associated with rheumatoid arthritis than nearby tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) [1]. We propose here a method of inferring the effects of an unmeasured genetic variant (such as DRB1*04) using linkage disequilibrium (LD) measures from an independent reference data set (the British 1958 Page 1 of 6 (page number not for citation purposes) BioMed Central


As a follow-up to a recent report about chimera ordering in Monte Carlo simulations of a three-dimensional Ising spin model (Singh R. et al., EPL, 95 (2011) 10004), further simulations are performed to ascertain the validity and the applicability of the initial results. In the initial work only nearest-neighbour interactions were considered within a cubic lattice of spins, having ferromagnetic interaction between spins within the same plane and anti-ferromagnetic interaction between spins in adjacent planes. This model was proposed as a prototype for certain layered magnetic systems, such as FeCl2. In the present work two main deficiencies in the initial work are addressed. First, use is made of parallel tempering to explore whether or not the reported chimera ordering could be a simulation artefact. This step is important because it is well known that, at lower temperatures, Monte Carlo simulations can often become trapped in local minima of the energy landscape. Furthermore, in the case of frustrated systems, such as the one that was considered, the energy landscape is well known to be complicated, typically containing many local minima. Second, the initial model of a cubic lattice of spins is extended to the face-centred cubic structure for FeCl2. Our extended model, consisting of the frustrated 3-dimensional face-centred cubic lattice of Ising spins, has the correct coupling topology and known exchange interactions for FeCl2. We find that the chimera ordering is robust to the parallel tempering and that it is influenced by the boundary conditions and the number of layers in the fcc lattice. In general one can expect to find small disruptions in the chimera ordering of the magnetization within different layers.


Singularities of non-Hermitian systems typified by exceptional points (EPs) are critical for understanding non-Hermitian topological phases and trigger many intriguing phenomena. However, it remains unexplored what happens when EPs meet one another. Here, in a typical four-level model with both touching and crossing intersections of EP hypersurfaces, we report the interconversion mechanisms between EPs of different orders. By examining both the eigenvalues and eigenvectors, we show analytically that all EPs of higher orders are formed at the touching intersections of two different types of EP hypersurfaces of lower orders. Contrarily, the crossing intersection of EP structures lowers the order of EPs. The mechanisms of the increase and decrease in defectiveness discovered here are expected to hold for EPs of any order in various non-Hermitian systems, providing a comprehensive understanding of EPs and inspiration toward advanced applications such as biosensing and information processing.


The publishers of this edited volume rightly claim that it should be required reading for a varied audience interested in wildlife tourism including tourism professionals, wildlife managers, recreation managers, researchers, and general readers with an interest in the role of wildlife tourism. I volunteered to review this book, since I readily confess to being a wildlife tourist at times, and I was curious as to the inner workings of the industry. This volume provides an eye-opening viewpoint on wildlife tourism to someone outside the field