IN HIS ESSAY "WHEN an Arab Laughs in Toledo," from the recently published Cervantes and Modernity." Four Essays on Don Quijiote (2007), Eric Graf interprets the strange novel Don Quijote as "a manifesto in defense of the oppressed Morisco population of southern Spain" (22). Perhaps Graf is correct to the point of exaggeration about that particular defense, for Dano Fernandez-Morera reminds us that Cervantes participated in the Christian navy's defeat of the Muslim Turks' massive naval force at Lepanto on October 7, 1571, that he was later captured by Muslim pirates and enslaved from 1575-1580 in Algeria in North Africa, and that he called upon Philip II to attack Muslim forces in North Africa and liberate 25,000 Christians enslaved in Algiers (Fernandez-Morera, "Cervantes and Islam," 126-132; "Islam's Christian Captives," passim). Although his personal experience as a slave to Muslims may have offered him opportunity to form a more complex view of that religion, and though he may have felt empathy toward particular Muslims, Cervantes would appear unlikely to have had any great sympathy for Islam itself. His own Christian religious beliefs strongly influenced his final work, The Wanderings of Persiles and Sigismunda, a chivalric romance in which the knights and ladies ate pilgrims wandering from the far reaches of the earth in a quest for the heavenly city of Rome on a journey signifying the stages of the soul's salvation through Catholic truth (cf. The Cervantes Collection). Given the strong Catholic views that Cervantes held, therefore, one might also suspect him of harboring a less-than-entirely-positive view of Muhammad as putative 'prophet' and thus wonder if any passage in Don Quijote perhaps expresses a negative view of that sort. Cervantes is well known for using irony in Don Quijote to poke fun at various figures. In Part I, Chapter 30, of the book, he shows the lovely lady-in-distress Dorothea inquiring after a great knight-errant, whose name she cannot quite recall but whom her father has sent her to find, so that this magnificent knight might free her kingdom from a dreadful giant. Cervantes makes Don Quijote's identity and valor depend upon the presence of a mole "on his right side under the left shoulder"--supposedly "the mark of a strong man," according to Sancho Panza (Cervantes, Part 1, Chapter 30 (Ormsby translation)). Quijote prompts the lady's memory: --Don Quijote diria, senora --dijo a esta sazon Sancho Panza--, o, por otro nombre, el Caballero de la Triste Figura. --Asi es la verdad --dijo Dorotea--. > En oyendo esto don Quijote, dijo a su escudero: --Ten aqui, Sancho, hijo, ayudame a desnudar, que quiero ver si soy el caballero que aquel sabio rey dejo profetizado. --Pues, ?para que quiere vuestra merced desnudarse? --dijo Dorotea. --Para ver si tengo ese lunar que vuestro padre dijo --respondio don Quijote. --No hay para que desnudarse --dijo Sancho--, que yo se que tiene vuestra merced un lunar desas senas en la mitad del espinazo, que es senal de ser hombre fuerte. --Eso basta --dijo Dorotea--, porque con los amigos no se ha de mirar en pocas cosas, y que este en el hombro o que este en el espinazo, importa poco; basta que haya lunar, y este donde estuviere, pues todo es una mesma carne. (Cervantes, Part 1, Chapter 30) Cervantes makes rather a mountain of this mole, so much emphasis he puts on it! Why a mole? Why on don Quijote's back? Why the uncertainty about its location? Vladimir Nabokov treats the "brown bristly mole" as a mark of irony, for while it may be "the sign of a strong man ... there is but little flesh on those big bones of his," perhaps implying the mole's significant insignificance, thereby standing for Quixote's "bodily condition [as] a crazy quilt of vigor, fatigue, endurance, and twinges of hopeless pain" (13 and 14). …


An 85-year-old man with type 2 diabetes mellitus presented to our clinic with the chief complaints of dry cough and dyspnea on exertion for several months. The oxygen saturation under ambient room air was 92%. Upon physical examination, the patient looked ill and appeared with rapid, shallow breathing pattern. Fine, end-inspiratory crackles were auscultated at bilateral basal lungs. Chest radiography (Figure 1a) and computed tomography (CT) (Figure 1b) showed calcified pleural plaques, mostly distributed along …


Solar power satellites (powersats) can be built almost entirely from lunar resources. When C-class asteroids are also included as ore bodies a complete powersat can be built through in situ resource utilization (ISRU) given appropriate processing and transportation technology. This article provides an in-depth overview of the technical feasibility and economic viability of lunar construction and operations for powersat component construction and delivery to geostationary earth orbit (GEO). Techno-economic analysis suggests a return on investment in seven years assuming a three percent discount rate. Electrical power collected in GEO and beamed to terrestrial receivers by the powersats can be sold as baseload power in the wholesale electricity market to generate revenue. This work presents a complete concept of operations from initial rocket launches to regolith harvesting through transport to GEO. Lunar infrastructure can be constructed of modules to optimize size and weight for launch costs. Future growth can be derived from using ISRU to build additional processing bases. A scaleup in this manner can provide 22% of the world's energy needs by the end of a 20-year period. This work builds upon previous studies and completes the architectural description of predominantly lunar-sourced GEO powersats.


Branching out from recent perspectives on divination in Africa, this study explores a fresh approach that engages in a constructive dialogue between local knowledge practices and Western-derived human sciences. A first section positions this essay within an emerging debate over the perspectival ontological turn in anthropology – in line with Viveiros de Castro (2004) – which holds that people's culture-specific ontology – such as, envisaging some propensity in the fabric between the human, things, fauna, flora and inter-worldly force-fields – is most explicitly voiced in the divinatory oracle and expressed in the ensuing healing and societal redress. The study then outlines the post-Lacanian matrixial model, defined by Ettinger (2006), that re-examines the originary processes unlocking, and inter-connecting in, the matrixial borderzone between body and psyche of mother and foetus or infans. A second section then focuses on the oracular scrutiny typically employed by the mediumistic Yaka diviner in southwestern DR Congo. Such practice, it is contended, induces the diviner to sense out in the consulting kin group the bewitching force-effects and the unspeakable in the inter-generational realm. The oracle unconceals some unguessed fate in the client's inter-generational line, in particular the inter-corporeal embeddedness of latent memory traces and forces of ill-bearing. Third, the study will conclude by evaluating – along the terms of the local culture's genius – the perspectivist stance and matrixial model.


Accelerated bridge construction (ABC) methods have been increasingly used in recent years to reduce the impact of construction operations on traffic and mobility. ABC methods, however, often require a higher initial cost, more planning, and additional design coordination. Several tools have been developed to assist decision-makers in the selection of conventional staged construction or ABC methods based on bridge characteristics and requirements. Most of these existing tools, however, are qualitative and depend on the subjective opinion of decision-makers/experts. Accordingly, there is a need for additional research to develop quantitative tools for generating reliable cost estimates for conventional and accelerated bridge construction methods. This report presents the findings of a research project funded by the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) to develop a decision support tool (DST) that IDOT can use to estimate and compare the cost of all bridge construction methods, including conventional staged construction and ABC methods. This project has four objectives. The first objective is to develop a qualitative DST that can be used by IDOT planners and decision-makers to identify all feasible bridge construction methods for any bridge project based on its specific characteristics, requirements, and constraints. The second objective is to create a quantitative cost-estimating DST that can be used to accurately estimate construction, road user, maintenance and rehabilitation, and life cycle costs for all feasible construction methods including conventional and ABC methods. The third objective is to develop guidance for the user interface of the developed DST to explain how it can be used to compare and rank all feasible bridge construction methods based on their individual performance in design, construction, road user, and maintenance and rehabilitation costs. The fourth objective is to evaluate the performance and accuracy of the developed quantitative DST for estimating bridge costs.


A kind of liquid crystal light valve (LCLV) based on a CdS-CdSe photoconductor that can convert visible image to infrared at video rate is introduced in this paper. A prototype of a visible to infrared dynamic image converting system using a CO2 laser as the infrared source is built with this device. Results of the converter are presented in this paper.


The amylose content and the chain profile of amylopectin from normal, waxy and high amylose barley starches were determined after enzymatic debranching and gel permeation chromatography and the degree of branching of the amylopectin was analysed by 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy. The normal barley starch contained around 30%, the high amylose around 40% and the waxy starch 9% amylose. The amylopectin of the high amylose starches had longer chains than those of the normal or waxy starches, especially in the molecular weight interval 5,400-8,000, but less of those below 2,400 in molecular weight. The chain length of amylopectin from high amylose barley was on average 5 units longer than those of normal or waxy barleys.


T YPICAL Salmonella strains are "diphasic" with respect to their flagellar antigens. That is, they manifest one of two genes, H, or H,, but not both in a given clone until a phase variation takes place and the alternative antigen is expressed. The genetic analysis of this alternation by transductional methods (LEDERBERG and EDWARDS 1953; LEDERBERG and IINO 1956) has shown that the variation depends on a "change of state" at the H, locus. The alternating factor has not been separated by recombination from the determinant for antigenic specificity of H,. On the other hand, repeated cycles of alternation in state have occurred at H, without influencing its antigenic specificity. The H, gene, the determinant of the antigen of the alternative phase, is not linked to HZ, but the expression of H, depends on the inactive state of H,. The present paper is part of a comprehensive study of the genetics of Salmonella phase variation (IINO 1958; 1961a,b). Various anomalies, or exceptions to the simple pattern of diphasic variation have occurred, whose assimilation to the general scheme can throw light on the genie control of protein synthesis. The anomaly presented in this paper is represented by CDC-157, a strain of Salmonella paratyphi B, now much used as an antigen for the production of diagnostic anti-12 antiserum (EDWARDS and BRUNER 1942). The advantage of CDC-157 for this purpose is its apparent monophasic behavior; that is, large clones will consist nearly exclusively of cells whose flagellar antigen is 1.2. A genetic analysis of this strain has revealed two anomalies: ( 1) The 1.2 antigen is determined by an allele at the H, locus instead of the H, usual for this antigen, and (2) the stock is carrying a duplicate H, locus. The genotypic formula of CDC-157 is thus HlbH,'.P, by contrast to the genotype HIbHB1.* for typical strains of S. paratyphi B. These genotypes accurately summarize the genetic behavior of the respective strains.


We present the realization of a physical quantum random number generator based on the process of splitting a beam of photons on a beam splitter, a quantum mechanical source of true randomness. By utilizing either a beam splitter or a polarizing beam splitter, single photon detectors and high speed electronics the presented devices are capable of generating a binary random signal with an autocorrelation time of 11.8 ns and a continuous stream of random numbers at a rate of 1 Mbit/s. The randomness of the generated signals and numbers is shown by running a series of tests upon data samples. The devices described in this paper are built into compact housings and are simple to operate.


To illustrate the influence of super absorbent polymer and fertilizers on soil moisture and nutrient retention,the interactions between different concentration solutions,fertilizers and KH super absorbent polymers(SAP) with different water absorbent rate(WAR) were studied.The results were as follows:The absorbing capacity of super absorbent polymer in distilled water was 337g/g,it showed a great change while the solution concentration was within the range of 0%—0.1%.The absorbing capacity of super absorbent polymer in 0.1% solution concentration was 45.6% of that in distilled water.Chemical fertilizers could obviously decrease the WAR of SAP,and the WAR of SAP were markedly decreased with the fertilizer concentration increased.However,different fertilizers had different impacts on the absorbing capacity of super absorbent polymer.The effects of fertilizer on the WAR were: ureapotassium dehydrogenatepotassium chlorideammonium chloride.Water retention power increased as SAP was added to soil.When the soil water potential was in the range of 0.01—1.5Mpa,there were obviously increases in soil water retention capacity.Thereby,compared with Lou earth,it could significantly increase available soil water content of crops in cultivated Loessial soil.However,in the soil with both SAP and fertilizers,soil water-holding capacity decreased as the concentration of fertilizer increased,and available soil water content of crops decreased significantly.Soil water potential had impacts on soil nitrate-holding capacity.In the range of 0.1Mpa soil water potential,there were more increase in soil nitrate-holding capacity of cultivated Loessial soil than that of Lou earth.Nitrate concentration in centrifugal filtrated solution showed decreasing trend while the SAP concentration increased,thereby,soil nutrient holding capacity were significantly increased with the concentration of nitrate leaching decreased.


We consider a cointegrating regression in which the integrated regressors are messy in the sense that they contain data that may be mismeasured, missing, observed at mixed frequencies, or have other irregularities that cause the econometrician to observe them with possibly nonstationary noise. We motivate the notion of messy data with a nontechnical example using linear interpolation. Even with such a straightforward DGP, we show that the resulting noise is mildly nonstationary. We adopt a unified theoretical approach to avoid strict distributional assumptions and to allow for such nonstationarity. Least squares estimation of the cointegrating vector is consistent under general conditions, even though the estimator is neither asymptotically normal nor unbiased. In order to allow valid statistical inference, we construct a canonical cointegrating regression (CCR) using standard consistent nonparametric variance estimators, and we show that least squares estimation of the CCR provides consistent and asymptotically normal estimation – even with nonstationary disturbances. We briefly examine largeand small-sample properties of the estimator when linear interpolation is the specific driver behind the messiness. First draft: January 18, 2007 This draft: January 26, 2009 JEL Classification: C13, C14, C32


: - In this paper, the author proposes a practical method to model and to simulate a dynamic system in the presence of failures of actuators and sensors. The fault detection and the isolation (FDI) problem is an inherently complex one and for this reason the immediate goals is to preserve the stability of the process and, if is possible, to control the process in a slightly degraded manner. The human operator needs to adopts the correct attitude, to know the good commands, so he must choose and validate the correct decision. This is the role of the modeling and simulation in these situations.


China is the largest developing country with the annual growth rate of 9.8% and the second largest energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and CO2 emissions in the world. Wind energy helps decreasing import dependency, diversifying sources of production, and contributes to a sustainable development in many countries. This article explores the importance of global wind turbine development in 2010. And then introduced the use of wind power annual development condition and the distribution characteristics of wind resources in China. Finally the existing problems were pointed out in the wind power industry of China, and have a guiding significance for the development of the future of China's wind power career.


The article analyzes the modern civilization crisis. Fixes inability of individual countries on their own to solve global problems, high levels of inter-civilization conflicts, mainly between Eastern, Muslim civilization and the Western world. The way out of this situation is the actualization of planetary solidarity constructed on the basis of humanism, expanding to the entire biosphere of all life on the planet. It is concluded that a general provision should be the thesis of mutual guarantee and total altruism. This integrative approach is to combine all the positive experience of solidarity priorities and values accumulated by mankind since ancient times.


.............................................................................................................................. ii Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................. iv Vita ...................................................................................................................................... v List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... x List of Figures .................................................................................................................... xi Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Protein stability ......................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Plasmid regulation by the protein 'ROP' .................................................................. 5 1.3 ROP as a model protein ............................................................................................. 9 1.4 Role of surface residues in protein stability ............................................................ 15 1.5 Effect of surface electrostatics on protein stability ................................................. 18 1.6 Other factors that affect protein stability ................................................................. 23 1.7 Lysines vs Arginines on the protein surface ........................................................... 24 vii 1.8 Solubility ................................................................................................................. 27 1.9 Deep sequencing ..................................................................................................... 32 1.9.1 DNA Sequencing .............................................................................................. 34 1.9.2 Chain terminator sequencing ............................................................................ 35 1.9.3 Second generation sequencing.......................................................................... 39 1.9.4 Next generation sequencing methods ............................................................... 39 1.10 General applications of next generation sequencing ............................................. 52 1.11 Applications of deep sequencing in protein stability and fitness studies .............. 53 Chapter 2: Engineering surface residues of the four helix bundle protein Rop ................ 63 2.1 Summary ................................................................................................................. 64 2.2.1 Plasmids and strains.......................................................................................... 65 2.2.2 Rop NNK5-surface library construction ........................................................... 65 2.2.3 Screen and selection for active variants ........................................................... 66 2.2.4. Resequencing of pAC surface library .............................................................. 66 2.3 Results ..................................................................................................................... 69 2.4 Discussion ............................................................................................................... 78


It is widely assumed that legitimate differential allocations of the burden of proof are ubiquitous: that in all cases in which opposing views are being debated, one side has the responsibility of proving their claim and if they fail, the opposing view wins by default. We argue that the cases in which one party has the burden of proof are exceptions. In general, participants in reasoned discourse are all required to provide reasons for the claims they make. We distinguish between truth-directed and non-truth-directed discourse, argue that the paradigm contexts in which there are legitimate differential allocations of the burden of proof (law and formal debate) are non-truth-directed, and suggest that in truth-directed contexts, except in certain special cases, differential allocation of the burden of proof is not warranted.


Review Article In view of the teaching reform of cell engineering, this paper puts forward the application of diversified teaching methods: reconstructing the teaching content of cell engineering with the method of discussion case study, and combining theoretical analysis with practice. Through the tutorial system of cell engineering, tutorial system diversified teaching methods and informationization of teaching tools, this study can help teachers successfully complete teaching tasks and improve students' comprehensive quality and practical skills.


Figure S1. Brain and plasma levels, and brain to plasma ratios for LM22A-4 and PTX-BD4-3 following IP administration in Wt mice. Brain and plasma levels were determined by LC-MS/MS and used to calculate the brain:plasma ratios at 1 and 3 hours after IP administration of 50 mg/kg LM22A-4 (black), or PTXBD4-3 (red), in mice (n=11-12 mice/time point; data shown are mean + s.e.m.) *p<0.05 compared to LM22A-4 at same time point; one-tailed Student's t-test. Disease Models & Mechanisms: doi:10.1242/dmm.044685: Supplementary information


Amorphous-nanocrystalline silicon thin films were deposited by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) on glass substrate with various silicon nanocrystal size distributions and volume fractions. The samples were examined by Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering (GISAXS) and Grazing Incidence Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (GIWAXS) at the Austrian SAXS beamline (Synchrotron Elettra, Trieste) using an X-ray beam energy of 8 keV. The grazing incidence angle varied from the critical angle to 0.2 deg. above the critical angle. This allowed the examination of the samples at different depths, and the distinction of the surface scattering contribution from the particles scattering in the bulk. The sizes of the "particles" obtained from the horizontal and vertical sections of 2D GISAXS patterns were between 2 and 6 nanometers. Since GISAXS is sensitive to electron density differences (contrast) between the scattering bodies and the surrounding matrix, it is not evident whether the particles are nanocrystals or just voids embedded in amorphous matrix. However, the size of the crystals calculated from the line-shape analysis of peaks in GIWAXS spectra and the crystal size distribution obtained from High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) images agree well with the size of "particles" estimated from GISAXS, strongly indicating that the observed particles are silicon nanocrystals.


Copyright: © 2013 Maglione M. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Tetrahydrobiopterin is known to date as an essential cofactor of a set of 8 different enzymes including three nitric oxide synthase isoforms (neuronal, endothelial, and inducible), four tetrahydrobiopterin dependent aromatic amino hydroxylases (phenylalanine-, tyrosine-, and tryptophan hydroxylase 1 and 2), and the recently described alkylglycerol monooxygenase. Since the products of the tetrahydrobiopterin dependent reactions are crucially involved in a wide range of biological processes it is plausible that its de novo biosynthesis occurs in almost every cell of higher organisms [1].


This paper examines hedging as a discourse strategy in professional legal texts. It investigates the incidences hedging in the selected legislative texts and high lights how hedges affects the comprehension of professional legal texts by the lay audience. Professional legal texts are addressed to the legal professionals and legal administrators. Very often, lay audience considers these texts as inexplicit for laying down the laws. The analysis of the texts in the corpus revealed that professional legal texts have a lot of hedging devices, which contribute to the inexplicitness of the texts. The texts, which are supposed to be explicit so that the lay audience can understand them, are riddled with hedges. The common hedging devices found are the conventional hedging devices such as may, if, could, would likely and passivizations.


Disclosed are a method of re-using offcuts and waste of nappies and sanitary towels and an apparatus therefor, belonging to the fields of waste reuse technology, and environmentally friendly technology and machines, precisely involving technology for re-using offcuts and waste from nappies and sanitary towels. The features thereof involve cutting off the offcuts and waste, and crushing and separating multiple times by means of a crusher and separator to achieve separate collection of individual materials, which are then respectively re-used. The positive effects thereof are: a channel for the recovery and re-use of rejects is found for the rejects of nappies and sanitary towels, thereby solving the difficulty of processing and producing rejects that has existed for a long time and that has perplexed factories producing nappies and sanitary towels; thus it is possible to avoid burning offcuts and waste from nappies and sanitary towels. Large quantities of toxic and harmful gases will no longer be produced, and in this way the environment will not be polluted, production costs will also be reduced and renewable resources are used.


One of the problems with the turn to affect in queer studies is that, when we were talking about sexuality, everyone at least thought they knew what we were talking about, even those who felt we shouldn't be talking about any such thing. After the affective turn, no one can quite agree what it is we are talking about, including, it seems, us. Consequently, while prudes might now be marginally less paranoid about what it is we're up to, this state of affairs is not necessarily fortunate. And the intellectual gains that studies of affect have enabled within queer studies are partly offset by the aloofness of the term affect. In talking about affect, I have noticed, one can easily lose the thread quite suddenly, in midconversation, and sometimes cannot seem to pick it up again despite continuous further discussion. This presents a perplexing irony: have our attempts to move closer to the shapes and textures of everyday feeling moved us further from the live wires of felt concern?


Fine, expansive, and problematic soils cannot be used in fills or paving layers. Through additions to these soils, they can be converted into technically usable materials in civil construction. One methodology to make them viable for construction is through a stabilization process. Nevertheless, current methodologies regarding dosage based on compaction effort and the volumetric amount of binder used are unclear. Thus, this research describes cement-stabilized sedimentary silt's strength and durability properties from Curitiba (Brazil) for future application in paving. Splitting tensile strength, unconfined compressive strength, and loss of mass against wetting and drying cycles (W-D) were investigated in the laboratory utilizing greenish-gray silt (originating from one of the Guabirotuba Formation layers, Paraná) and high-early strength Portland cement- ARI (CPV). Utilized were cement concentrations (C) of 3, 5, 7, and 9%, molding dry unit weights (d) of 14, 15, and 16 kN/m3, curing periods (t) of 7, 14, and 28 days, and constant moisture content (w) of 23%. With an increase in cement concentration and curing time, the compacted mixes demonstrate an increase in strength, an improvement in microstructure, and a decrease in accumulated mass loss (ALM) and initial porosity (η). Using the porosity/volumetric cement content ratio (η/Civ), the lowest amount of cement required to stabilize the soil in terms of strength and durability was determined. The porosity/cement index provided an appropriate parameter for modeling the mechanical and durability properties, and a unique equation between the strength/accumulated loss of mass and the porosity/binder index was obtained for the curing times studied. Lastly, C = 5% by weight is the minimum acceptable amount for prospective subbase soil application. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-05-02 Full Text: PDF


Myanmar is a multiethnic country composed of 7 administrative divisions and 7 tribal states. The 7 administrative divisions are located in its central...


Usually, systems properties are defined in terms of the infinite executions which satisfy it. In this work we explore what happens if we allow finite executions in properties definitions. In particular, we give a topological interpretation of the safety/liveness classification in the domains of: only finite, only infinite and mixed executions. Then we extend our reasoning to hyperproperties, namely sets of sets of executions (or sets of properties). Also in this case we give a topological interpretation of the hypersafety/hyperliveness classification in the three domains.


This research is action research conducted in STIE LMII Medan. The subjects of the study were 34 students of second semester in academic year 2015/2016. The data of this research were qualitative in nature and quantitative as the supporting data. The qualitative data were collected by observing the teaching and learning process during the implementation of the action, interviewing the students and the English lecturer, and taking pictures of the teaching and learning process. The instruments used in this research were interview guidelines, observation sheet and camera. The results in this research show that the applying of authentic materials is effective to improve the students' ability in learning English especially reading comprehension. The applying of these materials is effective when they were used together with authentic tasks which provide communicative activities. After the actions were implemented, the students showed some improvements. They could focus on the lesson and actively participated in the teaching and learning process. They got familiar with some reading strategies and could apply them. They were able to scan the detail information of the texts, deduce the meaning of unfamiliar words and understand information when not explicitly stated. They had more interest and motivation in reading. All the various activities made the class atmosphere more interesting. Key Words: Learning English, authentic material


This paper discusses problems associated with scheduling periodic tasks on a uniprocessor in a hard, real-time processing environment using a static-priority, preemptive-resume operating system. The scheduling problems associated with a task set containing a single periodic task which has two fixed release periods of unequal length are examined. Some real-world applications may require task release times which are periodic, but whose tasking periods are not symmetric. A scheduling algorithm for task sets with a single nonsymmetric task was developed for static-priority, preemptive-resume operating systems. The nonsymmetric scheduling algorithm is based on the rate monotonic scheduling algorithm which assigns higher task priorities to tasks with shorter release periods.
The effects on processor utilization using two different priority assignment schemes are examined. The first method sorts the task priorities by the average release periods. The second method sorts the task priorities using the short nonsymmetric task period with the average period lengths for the remaining tasks. A large number of task sets were generated to characterize effects of the two priority assignment methods on task set utilization levels when used with the nonsymmetric scheduling algorithm. Characterization results for the two methods indicated that the short nonsymmetric task period priority assignment had higher breakdown utilizations than the average period priority assignment method. For task sets with a low utilization nonsymmetric task, use of the short period priority assignment method resulted in little or no loss in the overall task set breakdown utilization. Maximizing the processor utilization is desirable, provided the tasks operate in a deterministic manner and meet their deadlines. The nonsymmetric scheduling algorithm allows the system designer to calculate the feasibility of a task set containing a nonsymmetric period task.


Purpose. To analyze the influence of mechanical versus nonmechanical trephination of donor and host corneas on superficial, peripheral corneal neovascularization occurring after non–high-risk keratoplasty. Methods. Patients of the prospective Erlangen non–high-risk keratoplasty study with standardized corneal photographs taken preoperatively and 1 year later were analyzed (n = 184). Slides of these photographs were projected (magnification ×100) and corneal vessels graded in a standardized semiquantitative fashion into five categories with regard to limbus, sutures, and host-graft junction in each of 12 corneal sectors. Degree (total increase of grades in the 12 sectors) and maximal extent of corneal neovascularization (maximal centripetal extension of blood vessels) were analyzed. In 32 patients mechanical (17%) and in 152 nonmechanical trephination of host and donor tissue was performed (193-nm excimer laser, 83%). Statistical analysis was done using Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney U test. Results. Corneal neovascularization within the first postoperative year was lower in the nonmechanical [73 of 152 (48%)] compared with mechanical trephination group [24 of 32 (75%);p < 0.01; Mann-Whitney U test]. Maximal extent of neovascularization (i.e., vessels reaching the interface or growing beyond) was not yet significantly different between nonmechanical (8%) and mechanical (17%) trephination (p = 0.074). Conclusions. Nonmechanical trephination using the 193-nm excimer laser in non–high-risk keratoplasties might reduce corneal neovascularization occurring within the first postoperative year. This indicates that in the non–high-risk setting, development of postoperative corneal neovascularization may be affected by the trephination technique and subsequent wound-healing response.


Aim. The article deals with some phraseological units with somatization in the Adyghe language. Methods. The methodological basis of the research is the principles of comparative, semantic, translation and statistical analysis, which allows to deepen the comprehence of somatic phraseological units in the Adyghe language. Results. Some features of functioning of lexical units on "eye", "mouth", "face" as a part of phraseological units denoting physiological, physical, emotional states of the person are analyzed. Conclusions. The results of the study have practical significance in the use of somatic phraseological units in the compilation of dictionaries, which will allow their distribution in language and speech.


WEAVE is the next-generation wide-field optical spectroscopy facility for the William Herschel Telescope (WHT) in La Palma, Canary Islands, Spain. It is a multi-object "pick and place" fibre fed spectrograph with more than one thousand fibres, similar in concept to the Australian Astronomical Observatory's 2dF1 instrument with two observing plates, one of which is observing the sky while other is being reconfigured by a robotic fibre positioner. It will be capable of acquiring more than 10000 star or galaxy spectra a night. The WEAVE positioner concept uses two robots working in tandem in order to reconfigure a fully populated field within the expected 1 hour dwell-time for the instrument (a good match between the required exposure times and the limit of validity for a given configuration due to the effects of differential refraction). This presents additional constraints and complications for the software that determines the optimal path from one configuration to the next, particularly given the large number of fibre crossings implied by the 1000 fibre multiplex. This paper describes the algorithms and programming techniques used in the prototype implementations of the field configuration tool and the fibre positioner robot controller developed to support the detailed design of WEAVE.


Pulsed laser vaporization of a heated, Fe/Ni or Co/Ni catalyzed, carbon target in argon gas has been used to synthesize single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy were all used to study the effect of the catalyst on the tube yield, and the evolution of the tube diameter distribution with increasing growth environment temperature $T$. By controlling the temperature in the range $780lTl1050\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$, we have been able to tune the diameter of the tubules from $\ensuremath{\sim}0.81$ to $\ensuremath{\sim}1.51\mathrm{nm}$. The threshold temperature for significant SWNT production was found to be $\ensuremath{\sim}850\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$.


: In this paper we introduce the characteristic dimension of a four dimensional N = 2 superconformal field theory, which is an extraordinary simple invariant determined by the scaling dimensions of its Coulomb branch operators. We prove that only nine values of the characteristic dimension are allowed, −∞ , 1 ,6/5, 4/3, 3/2, 2, 3, 4, and 6, thus giving a new organizing principle to the vast landscape of 4d N = 2 SCFTs. Whenever the characteristic dimension differs from 1 or 2, only very constrained special Kähler geometries (i.e. isotrivial, diagonal and rigid) are compatible with the corresponding set of Coulomb


Research purposes: The study was done on the principle and method for choosing transportation equity indexes to make establishment of the transportation equity indexes more scientific and purposive.Research conclusions:The transportation equity indexes are the main elements in evaluation of the transportation equity,but choice of evaluation indexes are of blindness and randomness at present.By studying,the definition of the transportation equity is offered on the base of capacity-supply equity.Meanwhile,the eight basic principles for choosing the transportation equity indexes are presented,namely,relativity,clear definition,consistency,correct incentive,flexibility,objectivity,practicality and comparability.The proper working process and requested information for choosing the indexes are also given out.From the study on chossing the indexes with Wilson entropy model,it is concluded by following these principles,requested information and working process,the selected indexes can be examined,and the new reasonable indexes can be selected for evaluation of the transportation equity evaluation.


Lacustrine mudrocks are important hydrocarbon source rocks due to their high contents of organic matter (OM). An accurate determination of the origins of OM in the rocks can contribute greatly to the identification of the sedimentary environment and the evaluation of the hydrocarbon generation capacity of the mudrocks. In this study, the lacustrine mudrocks of the Eocene Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Sag of China were sampled for further discussion of the types and origins of OM and the hydrocarbon generation capacity of the mudrocks. On that basis, the classical palynofacies classification scheme was improved, and five palynofacies types (PF1 to PF5) were classified to accurately reflect different lacustrine environments. Among them, PF1 to PF3 are rich in various amorphous organic matter (AOM), including benthic microbial mats, organic aggregates and algal aggregates, which are part of the lake environment in which aquatic organisms bloom. The hydrocarbon generation abilities of the three palynofacies are different but generally strong. PF5 and PF4 have abundant terrestrial plant fragments and macrophyte fragments, respectively, indicating a shallow, near-provenance lake environment and a shallow, macrophyte-flourishing lake environment. These two types of palynofacies have weaker hydrocarbon generation capacities than the former three. Due to the enrichment of different types of palynofacies, each formation of the Dongying Sag shows distinct hydrocarbon generation potentials. Therefore, it is important to pay special attention to the origin of OM and its influences on the hydrocarbon generation capacity of lacustrine mudrocks for a better understanding of the deposition and hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks.


Berlin geothermal field is a liquid-dominated system with temperatures in the range 270-305°C according to the chemistry and measured temperatures from 5 deep wells (depth of 19002300 m). Well enthalpy varies between 1200 and 1400 kJ/kg (18-30% steam quality), showing a power potential from 5 to 12 MWe. The geothermal fluids are of typical sodium-chloride composition with 3000 to 6000 mg/kg of reservoir chloride and silica content ranging from 600 to 900 mg/kg, and 0.25-0.50% by weight of non-condensable gases in the steam separated at 8 bara. Commercial production began in February 1992 with start-up of well TR-2 using a 5 MWe backpressure turbine. Well TR-9 began production with a second backpressure turbine in January 1995. These two wells generate a total of close to 8 MWe. The total water extracted, around 100 kg/s, is being reinjected. Chemistry of the fluid from wells TR-2 and TR-9 indicates some changes with time, specially for well TR-9, with a cooling in the silica geothermometer from 284°C to 200°C after 2 years of injection, and recovery, after 3 years of production, from 200°C to 285°C. Well TR-2 probably shows some effects of reinjection, with an increase in the reservoir chloride from 4000 to 5000 mg/kg in the first year, and a decrease in the noncondensable gases from 0.36 to 0.10 % in weight. From tracer tests (I as tracer) we have deduced that some connection exists between wells TR-2 and TR-9. Evaluations of mineral saturation indicate that calcite and quartz are close to equilibrium. A minimum separation pressure of 8–10 bara is required due to the higher content of silica in the separated water. According to geochemical and physical data the main process affecting the reservoir is boiling, due mainly to the drawdown pressure of about 6 barg. There is no influence of reinjection in the production area, according to the isotope and production characteristics.


The minor north mainstream of the Yellow River(the Longmen-Tongguan section)is characterized by the changeability of its channel.The flooding and channel shifting led to changes in the size,location and soil quality of flood land,which consequently resulted in conflicts in villages of Shanxi and Shannxi along the river.From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,the Central Government replaced the original principle of "taking the river as a natural boundary" with a geometric principle to demarcate fixed boundaries in some parts of the river.Faced with the problem of demarcating land and defining property rights,dwellers along the river who sought and found technological strategies concerning the farming system of flood land and land ownership in years of practice to adapt to the changes of environment and land.


The article describes some types of monitoring the state of the geometry of the stationary frame� cantilever roof structure over the stadium with a capacity of up to 5 000 people. The results of monitoring the geometry of structures over the stands SC «Olympic» have been given. The methods take into account possible deviations of geometric in this type design, based on the finite element method in the variational formulation. We propose a method of accounting changes of design scheme of geometrically nonlinear operating stationary framecantilever structure covering over the stands at different stages of their manufacture, installation and operation.


YFS: Paleoanthropologist Christopher Stringer and science writer Robin McKie argue that recent analysis of mitochondrial DNA evidence dates the evolution of anatomically modern humans to about 200,000 years ago. They assert that Homo sapiens originated from a single African population, which then spread over the rest of that continent and ultimately dispersed to all parts of the Old World, replacing all earlier hominid populations.


TiB2/Al2O3 composite coatings were fabricated on a substrate of casting steel HT200 by melting in-situ reaction processing (MIRP) using Al-TiO2-B2O3 elemental powder blends. The phases, microstructure, element distribution of the coating were studied by means of XRD and EPMA. The results show that the coating contains TiB2 and AI2O3 phases. The microstructure has two main existing forms: one is TiB2 particles aggregated area, the other is the intermixed area of TiB2 and AI2O3. In the intermixed area, the granular TiB2 particles are in network distribution along the interface of AI2O3 phases. The Vickers microhardness of TiB2 particles aggregated area ranges from HV2400 to HV3800, and HV1800 to HV3200 for TiB2 and Al2O3 intermixed area, respectively.


When people act on objects, their goals can depend on the objects' intrinsic properties and conventional uses (e.g., using forks, not knives, to eat spaghetti), locations (e.g., clearing the table, regardless of what is on it), or both (eating with the fork next to your plate, not your dining partner's). For adults, objects' intrinsic properties matter more than their locations in most action contexts. Whereas 5-month-old infants privilege objects' intrinsic properties in attributing goals to people reaching for objects, 3-month-old infants do not. Do younger infants fail to view reaching as goal-directed, or are they uncertain which properties of objects are relevant in different contexts? Here we show that 3-month-old infants attribute goals to others' reaching actions when given information that their actions depend on what, not where, an object is. Our findings suggest that 3-month-old infants can learn about others' object goals, before they reach for objects themselves.


The online monitoring of the characteristics of circuit breaker in high voltage switchgear has been studied.The curve route of moving contact has been measured indirectly by using non-contact angular displacement sensor,which could effectively overcome the difficulties in installing conventional angular displacement sensor and linear displacement sensor.The opening and closing moment of static and moving contact has been identified by using the auxiliary contacts of circuit breaker with the help of experiment.The starting moment of the circuit breaker' opening and closing period has been clarified by using hall current sensors and their circuits.The parameters of circuit breaker's mechanical characteristics have been calculated by using DSP2812 as processor.


Combining the general situation of some large-scale bridge projects,the paper explains to adopt the support methods in these projects.It mainly introduces the device and its construction of the support methods and points out its convenience,intuition,safety and notable economic benefits,so the method is valuable for extensive usages.


The scientific development concept is the administrative concept and principle of CCP for the new era to found a party and be at the helm of the state serving the people.It's identity in principles and core,obligation and orientation,responsibility and virtue,justice and objective with ethical dimension.It's the latest achievement of localized Marxism in China.


We demonstrate a simple platform for reconfigurable generation of arbitrary RF chirped waveforms from a single CW laser. Our scheme is capable of generating >100 GHz bandwidth chirps with a time-bandwidth product up to ∼1300.


Background and Review of Literature: The high rate of hospital readmissions has become a national issue after the Affordable Care Act began and was found to be related to lack of proper education and communication during discharge, coupled with medication nonadherence. Purposes/Goal: The overarching goal of this DNP project was to improve lifestyle management of Spanish-speaking congestive heart failure (CHF) patients and to reduce their 30-day readmission rate. The intent of the project was to improve patients' understanding of CHF exacerbation, medications, and discharge instructions geared to increase home self-management and reduce recidivism. The specific aims were (a) to use a professional Spanish interpreter (PSI) during discharge of Spanish-speaking patients, (b) to provide education via the "Teach-Back" method, assessing patients' understanding of discharge instructions before and after using PSI and (c) to follow up for reinforcement of the discharge education. Methods: Using the PSI, the simple evidence-based DHFKS as a Teach-Back method was used to help patients identify some key aspects of behavior and lifestyle modification. Implementation/Procedure: This DNP project was conducted at an acute care facility in the city of Elizabeth, New Jersey. The DHFKS as an educational tool to guide the Teach-Back on admission and during discharge using a PSI. Results: The Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that using a PSI to improve patients' understanding of discharge instructions did significantly lower the number of hospital admissions of Spanish-speaking CHF patients (Z = -3.879, p < 0.001). Interpretation/Discussion: Two months after the project intervention, the CHF patients who speak Spanish only who received help from a PSI at discharge had significant reduction of the frequency of their readmission compared with their previous admissions. Implications/Conclusion: This QI project will encourage stakeholders to provide PSIs to all Spanish patients with limited English during admission and discharge. PSI use improves self-care management of patients with CHF and reduce readmission.


Ethnography is still considered so much the sine qua non of our discipline that an anthropologist like me might be forgiven for asking if starting a journal on ethnography isn't like starting a journal on writing in English. What would unite studies of different aspects of our social worlds, grasped through the methodological tools of ethnography, with articles that treat this methodology as the object of study? What is the relationship between either of these types of studies and those produced out of, or reflecting on, that other meaning of ethnography so closely scrutinized in anthropology in the 1980s: the textual rendering of social worlds? Perhaps this ambiguity will be generative. Certainly the energy of the manifesto is infectious. So, it is in this positive spirit that I will offer some thoughts on the manifesto, theorizing from my 'lived experiences' in the discipline of anthropology, area studies, feminist studies, and 20 years of ethnography in Egypt. The manifesto, it seems to me, has not lingered long enough on questions of location – questions that have been at the heart of recent theorizing in the various fields in which I labor. Don't we need to locate ourselves and our projects more precisely and consistently? I was struck by the strange disjunction in the manifesto between a fetishization of something called 'the concrete', 'the lived', 'the embodied' or 'experience' and the general language of abstraction used in most of the piece. This unintended disjuncture may be a function of the generic conventions of manifesto-writing. It may also be a product of the assumptions of a sociology that, however critical, is not as regularly forced to confront uncomfortable difference as is anthropology. However, as someone who has worked with feminist theory and on the obviously 'partial' subject of women, and as someone who has had to grapple with the complexities of writing about an Arab community for a graphy


Reflecting the changing ideological and economic perspectives of the government of the day, the expansion of higher education in England has prompted numerous reforms aimed at reshaping and restructuring the sector and its funding. Leading to student riots and sparking some of the sharpest controversies in British higher education the reforms introduced in 2012/13 are by far the most radical and those concerning higher education funding and student finances the most far-reaching. This book seeks to unpack the drivers for the reforms while locating them in a broad historical, ideological, and policy context. Informed by the vast literature and research on higher education this book brings together recognised experts including leading academics and policy analysts. Divided into two parts, the first provides history and context while the second examines particular issues and themes arising including: historical antecedents of the reforms and tuition fee policies; the distinctive characteristics of the reforms; an economic critique of the limits to marketisation and the commodification of higher education; the drivers behind social mobility and widening participation and the subsequent impact of tuition fees; the consequences of fee setting policies among institutions; the impact on part-time students; the entrance of new providers in the higher education sector; the impact on institutional autonomy and freedom; and the policy vacuum on postgraduate education and the future of research. While the reforms have attracted significant media coverage focusing on the short-term consequences of the reforms, this book goes far beyond the media headlines to identify the nature of the reforms and to understand their impact on higher education institutions, students, and society as a whole.


Tobacco industry weighs heavily in China national economy. The concentrated extent of tobacco industry has been relatively low, which is a limitation of tobacco industry. It is an inevitable trend of China tobacco industry to meet the intense competition with foreign tobacco producers. Therefore, we should break tobacco's zone limit and improve the concentrated extent.


This comparative study explored web banner advertising type and shape effect on click-through-rate and conversion using Google Display Network. The aim was to help a case study company operating in mobile accessories industry to find the most suitable banner type and shape for their advertising goals. Prior literature has been focusing on click-through-rate, and conversion has been left out of much further attention, and their combined effect – total conversion rate – wasn't found reported previously in academic research. This study compared the effect of banner shapes, types, and combined shapes and types to click-through-rate, conversion rate and total conversion rate. The research method used was quantitative observation experiment and data was collected through the Google AdWords from Google Display Network, which the researcher had access through the case company's account. Data was collected from 14 days period. The findings showed levels of significance between types and shapes. Performance wise static banner type outperformed dynamic in all areas: CTR, CR and TCR. The best performing shape for CTR and TCR was square. The best converting shape was rectangle. Comparing combined type and shape showed that static square led to best CTR, second best CR, and best TCR. The best CR was recorded for static rectangle. Statistical tests showed that null hypothesis could be rejected for type CR and TCR, shape CTR, and most type and shape combined data, and that levels of statistical significance was found for most of these data.


This study represents a first attempt in the UK literature to split total pay into salary, annual bonus and share options for the purpose of empirically verifying how each is related to executive performance. As predicted from earlier studies on total pay, salaries were found primarily determined by firm size. Contarary to prior research, however, our findings suggest a pronounced link does exist between performance and pay over both the short- and long-term. This is manifested particularly by the magnitude of the coefficient estimates found between changes in shareholders return and changes in executive share options. This finding strongly suggests that the leverage executives achieve, on average, in their rewards as share prices increase may well be substantial; a finding that has not been captured in previous research on executive remuneration and which is of considerable relevance to the current corporate governance debates.


In mobile edge computing (MEC), it is difficult to recognise an optimum solution that can perform in limited energy by selecting the best communication path and components. This research proposed a hybrid model for energy-efficient cluster formation and a head selection (E-CFSA) algorithm based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and a modified k-mean clustering (MKM) method for MEC. We utilised a CNN to determine the best-transferring strategy and the most efficient partitioning of a specific task. The MKM method has more than one cluster head in each cluster to lead. It also reduces the number of reclustering cycles, which helps to overcome the energy consumption and delay during the reclustering process. The proposed model determines a training dataset by covering all the aspects of cost function calculation. This training dataset helps to train the model, which allows for efficient decision-making in optimum energy usage. In MEC, clusters have a dynamic nature and frequently change their location. Sometimes, this creates hurdles for the clusters to form a cluster head and, finally, abandons the cluster. The selected cluster heads must be recognised correctly and applied to maintain and supervise the clusters. The proposed pairing of the modified k-means method with a CNN fulfils this objective. The proposed method, existing weighted clustering algorithm (WCA), and agent-based secure enhanced performance approach (AB-SEP) are tested over the network dataset. The findings of our experiment demonstrate that the proposed hybrid model is promising in aspects of CD energy consumption, overhead, packet loss rate, packet delivery ratio, and throughput compared to existing approaches.


This study analyzed the 100 most-cited servant leadership publications in the Scopus database from 1991 to 2021 by using bibliometric analysis. The analysis includes visualization, bibliographic coupling, co-occurrence, and co-authorship analysis. Country contributions were examined, with the United States emerging as the dominant contributor, followed by the Netherlands, Australia, China, and Canada. van Dierendonck and Liden being the most influential contributors. Their work has focused on areas related to servant leadership scales, organizational behavior, and the conceptual development of servant leadership. The analysis of top keywords revealed a diverse range of research interests, underscoring the breadth and complexity of servant leadership as a concept. The study highlights the importance of international collaborations in advancing servant leadership research and emphasizes the need for increased research engagement from non-dominant countries to address the existing knowledge imbalance. The findings shed light on research trends, country contributions, influential authors, and important research themes, helping researchers identify gaps and future directions in servant leadership research. The findings could promote the development and application of servant leadership theory to enhance leadership practices and organizational outcomes.


The transport infrastructure's pavement is made of asphalt layers, placed and compacted. The asphalt mixture is produced in an asphalt mixing plant (AMP) using expensive technological equipment which, when it becomes obsolete and worn out, is replaced with new equipment. One of the main problems related to the replacement process is that when it comes to purchasing new AMPs, the decision making involved is, in most cases, highly intuitive due to a lack of clearly defined criteria. In order to remedy this situation, this work presents an analysis of the correlation between the number of AMPs and the production of asphalt mixtures. Firstly, a correlation analysis was performed based on the European Asphalt Pavement Association (EAPA) data. Secondly, the current situation with the AMPs in European countries was analysed. Furthermore, a case study was performed and a system of nine criteria was created to identify why/when road construction companies operating in the Baltic States buy new AMPs. The weights of the criteria have been established by applying the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. It was found that the most important criterion during the decision-making process for road construction companies is increased requirements for improving the quality of the asphalt mixture produced (criteria weight 25.0%). With a weight of 20.6%, the second vital criterion is the possibility of receiving support from European funds. The third criterion is the expectation of having a sizeable asphalt-paving site (weight 20.4%). The other six criteria are also significant, their weights varying between 1.6% and 13.5%. The industrial companies can use the obtained results for designing, producing and selling AMPs and adjusting strategic business plans.


The Pb10-xNdx(GeO4)2+x(VO4)4-x (x = 0 ‒ 3) compounds with the apatite structure have been synthesized from PbO, Nd2O3, GeO2 and V2O5 oxides by the solid-state synthesis with successive burning in air within 773-1073 K. The high-temperature heat capacity of the compounds obtained was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The CP = f(T) data have been used to evaluate their thermodynamic properties (enthalpy increment, entropy change, and reduced Gibbs energy).


Introduction The assessment of school outcomes and accountability for achieving appropriate outcomes are major concerns in contemporary American education. The assessment of outcomes depends largely upon the use of standardized testing devices which also have been traditionally used to identify and label individual students and predict individual performance. The contemporary demand for school assessment and accountability arises in part from the school's failure to provide high-quality education and thus equality of educational opportunity to large segments of American youth. An understanding of the function of standardized testing, school assessment, and accountability depends upon an analysis of the goals of the educational system and their relation to the larger society. There are at least two interacting sets of goals for the educational system. One of these concerns the impact of the educational programs on the society, and the other, the effect on individual students. These, of course, are not separate nor distinct outcomes. The effect on the society is intimately associated with the outcomes for individuals. In broad perspective, major social goals involve (a) the maintenance of an open society in which social class barriers are minimized and mobility within the social structure is facilitated, or (b) the maintenance or promotion of a closed social systerm These social goals are identified with equality of opportunity in the society on the one hand and, on the other, with differentiated education to efficiently prepare and allocate people to different positions in the social strata.


Given Australia"s ageing population, the capacity of Australian health professionals and aged care services workers to provide proactive support and appropriate care is fundamental. While much of the policy emphasis has been on increasing workforce numbers, particularly within the residential aged care sector, the development of gerontology education for all health practitioners also requires attention. This paper critically analyses the state of gerontology education in Australia through reference to key policy documents and secondary sources. It commences with an overview of the policy context and significance of gerontology education in Australia, with particular attention to the 2011 Productivity Commission review of the aged care sector. This position is then contrasted to the underdeveloped state of gerontology education in Australia. The disjuncture between workforce policy urgency and educational under-development is briefly considered with reference to the incapacity of neoliberal approaches to meet social needs. It is argued that the disadvantaged position of gerontology education under neoliberal higher education policies is but one aspect of the broader neoliberal assault on older people, particularly through the withering of the welfare state and public services that many rely upon. The commodification of higher education, social care and arguably, older people, helps explain the unpreparedness of


Introduction Implantation of an aortic-bifemoral prosthesis is characterised by a high (> 5%) rate of perioperative cardiovascular events. The main aim of the study is to demonstrate the usefulness of the determination of NT-proBNP concentration as a method of risk stratification of left ventricular dysfunction in patients subjected to surgery for aortic-bifemoral prosthesis implantation. Material and methods Forty consecutive patients were examined and subjected to aortic-bifemoral prosthesis implantation. The examined patients were divided into two groups: 1) with normal left ventricular systolic function and EF ≥ 58% (group I), 2) with left ventricular systolic dysfunction and EF < 58% (group II). Results In group I the median EF before surgery was 69.5% and the concentration of NT-proBNP 141.5 pg/ml. On day 7 after surgery respective values were EF 65.5%, NT-proBNP 498.55 pg/ml. In group II the median EF before surgery was 54%, and NT-proBNP concentration 303.9 pg/ml. Conclusions The concentration of plasma NT-proBNP before surgery well correlated with left ventricular ejection fraction. The values of NT-proBNP > 303.9 pg/ml strongly correlated with increased risk of left ventricular systolic dysfunction after surgery and they seem to have high prognostic value for the occurrence of cardiovascular events in this group of patients. The determination of NT-proBNP level on day 7 after surgery strongly correlated with the decrease of left ventricular ejection fraction in patients after the prosthesis implantation. It is a valuable diagnostic and prognostic factor of circulatory system efficiency before making a decision to discontinue hospitalization.


The paper deals with the review of published as well as new data on acritarchs from the Late Permian and Early Triassic sediments of peninsular India. Acritarch representation in terms of form diversity and quantitative acme phase is assessed. From the present state of knowledge the Acritarcha Group shows high form diversity during the latest Permian with high quantity in South Rewa and Rajmahal basins and Godavari Graben. During Early Triassic low to medium form diversity is observed in Damodar and South Rewa Gondwana basins. During the late Early Triassic high form diversity and high quantity is represented in Talcher Coalfield. The record of Micrhystridium, Cymatiosphaera and Veryhachium in the Late Permian and Muraticavea in Early Triassic sediments significantly points towards transgression of the sea during Late Permian and Late Early Triassic in India although no physical data is available.


The background to the problems encountered in the current process of managing the SMP N 5 Palembang Library is that it is a manual process that requires library members to come directly to the library, so it takes up a lot of time and energy, in addition to the very limited stock of books and data collection on book rentals that are still in use. handwriting, which often causes errors in the data collection process. The aim of the research is to build an e-Library Information System to make it easier for library members to access the book collection list online. As well as a solution to make it easier for the management of the SMP Negeri 5 Palembang Library to manage and create and print reports more easily and quickly. The method used in software development is the Prototype method using the PHP programming language and MySQL database. The results of the research are an application or e-Library system which has been tested on several students and library staff with very good response results. The conclusion of this research is that the use and utilization of the e-Library system at the SMP Negeri 5 Palembang Library can provide convenience for both library members and library managers, as well as reducing the costs of procuring book catalogues, because there is no need to buy many copies of books with same titles.


AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rosiglitazone hydrochloride in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.METHODS A multicentric,double-blind and randomized controlled method was conducted. Two hundred and thirty-nine patients with type 2 diabetes(7 mmol·L~(-1)≤fasting blood glucose13.0 mmol·L~(-1)) were selected,and were randomly divided into two groups.The patients in the trial group were treated with rosiglitazone hydrochloride 4 mg daily and those in the control group were treated with rosiglitazone maleate 4 mg daily.With 4 times of follow-up and a course of 12 weeks,blood glucose,hemoglobin A_(1c)(HbA_(1c))and insulin before and after the treatment were observed and compared.RESULTS Two hundred and thirty-three patients completed the trial,including 116 in the control group and 117 in the trial group.There were no significant difference in sex,age,body mass index,blood pressure,and other general index in both two groups(P0.05).The levels of fasting plasma glucose,HbA_(1c),postprandial glucose and insulin in two groups decreased apparently after the treatment(P0.05),with no significant difference(P0.05).As regards to adverse reactions,there were 7 patients(5.9%)in the trial group and 14 patients(11.7%)in the control group,also there was no significant difference between the two groups(P0.05).CONCLUSION Rosiglitazone hydrochloride and rosiglitazone maleate have equivalent efficacy in lowering blood glucose and HbA_(1c),with similar safety.


This chapter investigated effective feedback practices that develop assessment literacy of the high school gifted and talented in an inclusive environment. Gifted and talented were identified by their fluency of content and flexibility of curriculum areas, with the purpose for feedback to build student capacity for assessment literacy. A conceptual method included the aim for actionable feedback that extended the gifted and talented in their assessment literacy. Efficient feedback that developed assessment literacy included a feed-forward focus, metacognition development, and task-orientated understanding of the criteria. The study emphasised implementation strategies to build student capacity in utilising the feedback provided to its greatest effect. Ultimately, to improve assessment literacy, the use of exemplars to develop metacognition and improve criteria knowledge through strategic calibration of self-assessment were successful strategies used as part of teacher feedback.


Making pauses, which can express deep emotions for poems, is a very important feature that we can not ignore when studying poetry. Making pauses for poems has made the verse less interconnected. Therefore, the readers can give free rein to their imagination, then the image of the poem seems to be infinite. Meanwhile, making pauses should obey some rules, for instance, embodying the feeling of the poet, conforming to the rhythm of the poem. However, Chinese modern poems in the late 20th century are random, classical, popularized in this aspect, which is complicated and has dispelled the significance and function of making pauses. In this paper, the writer has comprehensively studied the Chinese modern poems in the late 20th century from the aspect of making pauses, analyzed the rules that poets should follow when making pauses, pointed out that Chinese modern poets should assimilate ancient heritage, thus making modern poems more vigorous.


The Japanese rice straw culture started from the Yayoi period, the start of wetland rice method of farming technique. The rice straw culture is spread across Japan, as the supply of the rice straw is high, and it does not require special tools to process it. The rice straw culture is performed both during the special events and everyday life. However, along with the modernization and industrialization of agriculture, the culture slowly disappears. It is increasingly difficult to find the rice straw culture in Japan. To prevent this, several rice straw communities create a movement to preserve the culture. Within their methods, the community focuses on pure preservation, preservation and development or pure development. An example of the community focusing on the preservation and development is the Inagaki Wara no Kai. With this method, this community help to preserve the traditional activities of Inagaki village while at the same time creating new events for wider community. The development is rooted in local and global issues and the process of preserving and developing the rice straw culture is documented through workshops, exhibition and festival. These activities are conducted in the cooperation with different stakeholders such as participants, research and development partners, facilitators, or sponsors.


Causal connections between mesoscale wind patterns and moisture distribution in the lower boundary layer can be studied using satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observations. Wind information is retrieved from radar backscatter intensity over water areas, whereas the moisture distribution is reflected in the radar signal delay. The latter can only be observed over land areas, using the interferometric combination of two radar images. This paper reports on the relation between wind and moisture associated with boundary layer rolls and with a cold‐frontal rain band. The combination of both signals, originating from one sensor, is used to infer a quantitative description of the underlying dynamical processes.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of Hologram media as Advertising media in terms of comsumer communication. First, Motivation and Personality Traits was set variables that drive consumer media experience and, also examined the impact on eWOM and Purchase Intention structurally. As the result, it Found that Intrinsic and Social motivation of consumers have a positive impact on the media experience, eWOM and PI. In the case of Personality Triats, Openness to the motivation, Openness and Extraversion had an impact of positive to the degree of eWOM. Furthermore, eWOM influence on PI positively. This result can be considered the need for the Media MIX Strategy or IMC.


You might find this additional info useful...This article cites€30 articles, 21 of which you can access for free at: http://ajpcell.physiology.org/content/274/6/C1521.full#ref-list-1This article has been cited by€6 other HighWire-hosted articles: http://ajpcell.physiology.org/content/274/6/C1521#cited-by Updated information and services including high resolution figures, can be found at: http://ajpcell.physiology.org/content/274/6/C1521.fullfound at: Additional material and information about American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology can behttp://www.the-aps.org/publications/ajpcellThis information is current as of August 16, 2012.


Acknowledgments Introduction PART ONE Definitions and Dynamics1. Esoteric Buddhism and Mikkyo2. A Religion of Images3. The Function of Icons and Visuality as Function PART TWO Mikkyo Visual Culture and Its Sources4. Kukai and China: Inheriting Mikkyo Visual Culture5. Kukai and Japan: Transmitting Mikkyo Visual Culture PART THREE Visions and Cosmologies6. Sight and Syncretism7. What They Saw: The Image Looks Back PART FOUR Vision, Ritual, and Imagery8. Contemplations and Contemplative Imagery9. Mikkyo Ritual and Imagery within Ritual PART FIVE Choreographies of Ritual Space10. Mikkyo Topographies and Palaces11. The Toji Karma Maabala Glossary of Japanese CharactersNotesSelected Bibliography


Mathematical models of the activated sludge process are believed to be a useful tool for research, process optimisation and troubleshooting at full-scale treatment plants, teaching and design assistance. Every simulation model is specific, because it contains kinetic and stoichiometric coefficients, which depend on the nature of a wastewater treatment plant. The present paper is concerned with a comparison between the practical results from a pilot wastewater treatment plant and mathematical model predictions results for steady-state conditions. A comparison of the real pilot plant quantities and model simulation was done proving the model confidence in the sense of carbon and nitrogen removal. The model simulated the real process successfully.


Objective To study the effect of Three-line Relaxation Method and Paradoxical Intention Method on stress test of medicine dispensation and transfusion,in order to explore a simple and effective way to reduce the students' tension and stress reaction during operation test and improve their grades. Methods Of 149 junior college nursing students enrolling in 2007,31nursing students whose hands trembled during the test were considered as the experimental group,and they received Three-line Relaxation Method and Paradoxical Intention Method twice per week for five weeks. Of 161 junior college nursing students enrolling in 2006,34 nursing students whose hands trembled during the test were regarded as the control group,and they didn't have any intervention. After five weeks,all of the students attended the test of medicine dispensation and transfusion again. Before the test,the students in the experimental group had two circles of exercises by using Three-line Relaxation Method,the Beck anxiety score and heart rate were measured before and after the exercises,and they used Paradoxical Intention Method to give self-psychology implication during the test. Teachers gave the grades,hand-trembling scores and hand-trembling degrees. The control group only took part in the same assessment. Results After intervention,the students' Beck anxiety scores and heart rates in the experimental group were better than those in the control group before the test. There were significant differences in hand-trembling scores and test scores between the two groups (P 0.05 or P 0.01). Conclusions Three-line Relaxation Method and Paradoxical Intention Method can reduce students' stress reaction,help students overcome strained hand-trembling,and improve students' operation skills and test scores.


by Harvey Kojan Third-seeded Albany State will take on Brockport State and defend ing champion Union College will face Geneseo State at Union's Memorial Fieldhouse this evening in the opening round of the second annual Eastern College Athletic Conference Ups t a t e New York Regional Basketball Tournament. The Danes, 16-7, will play B r o c k p o r t , 16-9 , in the preliminary contest beginning at 7 p.m., followed by top seeded Union, 19-3, against Geneseo, 16-7, at 9p .m.Thewinnersof the two games will meet Saturday in a 9 p.m.. championship game after a7p.m.consola t ionmatch . The Danes lost to the Eagles of Brockport in January, 77-73, in a game which saw the Danes relinquish a nine point halftime lead. In that important ballgame, which was played in Brockport during Albany State's intercession, the Danes played solid basketball throughout the first half, but were eventually victims of foul trouble, Harold Merrit, Hurry Johnson, and Byron Mil ler , th ree of Albany 's strongest rebounders, were forced to view much of the second half from the bench, an advantage which the far toiler Eagles used to thwart an upset bid by the Danes.


The last year have had two major economic developments that have affected the Canadian economy; one being the depression of both the Canadian dollar and the price of Crude Oil. This has brought up the question of what will happen to certain industries and how will Canadian trading relations with the United States change? Canada and the United States total trade amount has topped $597 Billion in 2013 making them the world's largest trading partners (Bloomberg, 2014). In the process, both American and Canadian governments are pressured to have a stronger environmental policy. This brings up the issue of sustainability of certain industries. This paper will present a method in understanding the sustainability of Canadian industries and developing sustainability indicators ("sustainability index") that addresses the financial performance with social and environmental factors included in these industries. The objective of this paper is to introduce sustainability indicators that will determine changes to industry trade. Our purpose is to understanding the strengths and weaknesses of certain industries based on criteria that we developed. The criteria has been determined based on the effect it has on international trade. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is used to develop weighting for the criteria and to compare considered industries on each criteria. Based on the results, a regression formula is developed which can be applied to all industries.


In this work we use atomic force microscopy to investigate the influence of the annealing temperature on the formation of nano-clusters in our growth technique for carbon nanotubes. Cluster formation is carried out just before in situ growth of carbon nanotubes from a methane feedstock by means of catalytic chemical vapor deposition where the clusters act as the catalyst. Since cluster size and distribution are directly connected to diameter and amount of the grown carbon nanotubes, respectively, the cluster formation process is of great interest.


A method and apparatus for detecting defects in apertures plates such as masks. The plate is illuminated by a collimated light beam and defects or irregularities are signalled by a bright spot of light. A modified microfilm reader or the like can be used to magnify and project an image of that portion of the plate associated with the bright spot of light.


Among several multipurpose tree species in the eastern parts of Ethiopia, Sesbania sesban, Moringa oliefera, Gravilea robusta, Cordia africna, Azadarichta indica and Leuceana leucocephala are common. However, their adaptability and growth performance of this tree species has not scientifically trailed in the study area. Therefore, the study was conducted to evaluate the adaptability of multipurpose tree species at Babille District, Oromia, Ethiopia, for three years (June 2016 - June 2019). The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. Data on the growth parameters; diameter, plant height and survival rate were measured and recorded at interval of three months. Results revealed that there were highly significant (p <0.05) variations among tree species in height growth, RCD, DBH and survival rate at the study area. Among the species tasted, M. oliefera showed the highest performance followed by A. indica, S. sesban and L. leucocephala in terms of height growth, RCD and DBH at Babille condition. after three years of establishment, M. oliefera, A. indica, S. sesban and L. leucocephala showed the highest mean survival rate at the study area. Hence it can be inferred that the conditions of Babille district matched with the environmental requirement of those tree species. On the other hand, species of G. robusta showed lowest performance at the study area. Thus, the long dry season, which extended from eight to ten months in the study area, clearly explains the poor survival and growth response in some of the species. Generally, the study under Babille condition and related agro-ecology, we advocate these adapted species and properly allocate species into the site that grow and adapt well for further agroforestry practices at wider scale on which success of agroforestry practices and forest plantations depend.


We proposed a 2-step neural network approach for estimating machining parameters of electric discharge wire cut. The first step net, which is described as a backward neuro-estimation, is designed for estimating coarse cutting parameters while the second phase net, as a polishing forward neuro-estimation, is utilized for determining fine parameters. Sequential estimation procedure, based on backward and forward net, is performed using the net's approximation capability which is M to 1 and 1 to M mapping property. Experimental results an given to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed 2-step neuro-estimation.


Abstract One thousand and forty males between the ages of 9 and 24 years were subjected to the following four tests of notation. 1. A tuck float (knees bent to chest, arms encircling knees, forehead on knees) with lungs fully inflated. 2. A tuck float during normal respiration. 3. A tuck float during maximum exhalation under water. 4. A horizontal float on the back. The results showed a significant decrease in the percentage of floaters from the age of 13 years onwards compared with the other age groups tested, a pronounced peak in both horizontal and tuck floating ability between the ages of 10 and 13 years, and an almost complete incapacity for horizontal floating from the age of 15 years onwards. Inferences drawn from these results were that an increase in fat tissue occurred between the ages of 10 and 13 years; that marked variations in the acquisition and distribution of high and low density body tissues occurred between childhood and maturity; that decisions regarding the teaching of swimming at par...


Strenuous exercise induces increased levels in a number of pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines, naturally occurring cytokine inhibitors and chemokines. Thus, increased plasma levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1, IL‐6, IL‐1receptor antagonist, TNF receptors, IL‐10, IL‐8 and macrophage inflammatory protein‐1 are found after strenuous exercise. The concentration of IL‐6 increases up to 100‐fold after a marathon race. The increase in IL‐6 is tightly related to the duration of the exercise and there appears to be a logarithmic relationship. Furthermore, the increase in IL‐6 is related to the intensity of exercise. Given the facts that IL‐6, more than any other cytokine, is produced in large amounts in response to exercise, that IL‐6 is produced locally in the skeletal muscle in response to exercise and that IL‐6 is known to have growth factor abilities, it is likely that IL‐6 plays a beneficial role and may be involved in mediating exercise‐related metabolic changes.


The invention provides a polytetrafluoroethylene millipore membrane for purifying PM2.5. The polytetrafluoroethylene millipore membrane is characterized in that the polytetrafluoroethylene millipore membrane is formed by a fiber of a three dimensional cross structure, wherein the polytetrafluoroethylene millipore membrane formed by the fiber of the three dimensional cross structure comprises following parameters: 5-8mum of thickness, 0.2-0.5mum of aperture, 80-90% of amount of porosity, 25-30MPa of intensity, 50-90% of resilience, 2-12m3/(m2.min) of ventilating amount, and +-1.5mum of thickness tolerance. The polytetrafluoroethylene millipore membrane for purifying PM2.5 in the invention, has advantages of uniform fiber thickness, high amount of porosity, good resilience, uniform membrane thickness, multi-layer filtration, high filtrating efficiency, high and low temperature resistance, and high chemical resistance, can effectively filtrate dust with 2.5mum of particle diameter. The polytetrafluoroethylene millipore membrane for purifying PM2.5 in the invention, is suitable for application in a membrane coated filtrating material.


The article deals with developing long-term sustainability programmes as a means of ensuring the effective functioning of mining enterprises. The authors focus on specific problems of Ukrainian mining enterprises' activity, substantiation of implementing environmentally sustainable natural resource management. The system of strategic factors for ensuring mining enterprises' sustainable development under unstable economic conditions is formed.


We study local Lipschitz continuity and interpolation properties of some classes of increasing functions defined on the cone Rn ++ of n-vectors with positive coordinates. We also study the so-called self-conjugate increasing positively homogeneous functions.


Many innovations are currently initiated by scientific community in the field of dynamic system diagnosis. Arcelormittal Maizieres R&D adapted and evaluated some advanced diagnosis tools for the detection of abnormal events and operating mode changing in steel processes. The developed approach is illustrated and applied to the sticker detection in continuous casting process, where the prevention of breakouts in slabs is a crucial challenge. Results show that it is possible to reduce relatively, the time delay for sticker detection and the false alarms rate without reducing the sticker detection rate. The evaluation of the proposed system on industrial data is encouraging and promising. This adaptable software solution could contribute significantly to improve the supervision and the productivity of the process with low or no investment.


Persistent genetic polymorphisms (e.g., different plumage morphs irrespective of age and sex classes) have long fascinated biologists, are found in approximately 3.5% of avian populations (Roulin 2004), and have prompted many hypotheses about how plumage morphs arise and are maintained (Lank 2002). In birds, many hypotheses have been proposed to explain intrapopulation differences of plumages, such as the handicap principle (Zahavi 1975) and different mating strategies (Lank et al. 1995). Raptors (Falconiformes and Strigiformes) in particular have a high prevalence of persistent genetic polymorphisms occurring in approximately 30% of species (Fowlie and Krüger 2003). In raptors, this prevalence of polymorphism has been related to prey type (Paulson 1973), wing load and population size (Fowlie and Krüger 2003), and heterozygous advantage (Krüger et al. 2001). For buteonine hawks, it has often been assumed that plumage morph is invariant over time (i.e., plumage pattern does not change as an individual ages and molts), and this has been used to identify individuals across years in some species (e.g., Krüger and Lindström 2001). In fact, similar polymorphisms have been associated with variations in the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene across a wide range of avian taxa (reviewed in Mundy 2005). These results indicate that morph in many avian species may be invariant over time. For example, in Ruffs (Philomachus pugnax) plumage polymorphisms remain unchanged over the course of an adult male's life (Lank et al. 1995). However, no studies have examined the persistence of morph within individuals over time in raptors. We examined the assumption that individual morph is invariant over time in a population of Swainson's Hawks (Buteo


ongoing economic reform programme, which is gradually being extended to most sectors of the economy, the entire scope and responsibilities of sub-national governments have increased and new vistas for economic activities have been opened. In the Indian context, issues relating to centre-state financial relations centred around the Aistribution of power in resource mobilisation between centre and states and sharing of expenditure responsibilities. Further, devising optimal criteria for federal fiscal transfers to reduce fiscal imbalances across the states has always been a demanding job. As the state governments' dependency on resources other than their own in financing expenditure is high and on which they have no control, fiscal dependency of the state governments has assumed larger dimension. A major debate of the day on fiscal federation in the Indian context is that taxation powers contained in the union list and the state list focused on the fact that major and elastic sources of tax revenue belong to the centre, while relatively inelastic sources of revenue come under the purview of state governments. It is widely debated that the centre enjoys almost unlimited powers to borrow from internal and external sources while the borrowing powers of the states are subject to various restrictions. Contrary to the limited resource base, the expenditure requirements of state governments continue to mount and they are confronted with a severe resource constraint in meeting social obligation and economic necessity. It is against this backdrop that a relook is attempted to examine the role of constitutional bodies like the finance commission in strengthening the resource base and fiscal stability of sub-national governments. The main objective of this paper is to examine how far finance commission awards have been successful in ensuring fiscal stability in the sub-national government in India. The paper is organised as follows: Section II sets out briefly some of the key elements of the fiscal transfer system along with a few country experiences, Section III is a quick overview of the states' finances in recent years. Section IV is an examination of the changing profile of the terms of reference and distribution criteria of successive finance commissions in fulfilling efficient and equitable distribution of financial resources among the states. Section V traces movements in federal transfers and Section VI sets out the various facets of federal transfers. Section VII empirically examines the impact of federal transfers from the perspective of fiscal health of the states and overall fiscal balance of the government sector. Section VIII contains a few concluding observations.


Australian public universities are statutory creations with common principal objects that clearly focus on providing higher education and research. However most universities have, by necessity, adopted a vigorous approach to commercial enterprise that in some circumstances have given rise to criticism. The session will focus on the following questions:

 1. Should universities participate in commercial activity?

 2. Could a university become insolvent? 3. If a university suffers a "disturbing pattern of weak governance and financial control" and has accumulated an insurmountable deficit, what should be the consequences?


The outsourcing work system is expected to provide legal protection for workers. The status of the employment relationship between the worker and the employer is stated in the Employment Agreement (SPK). The purpose of this study is to determine the advantages of implementing an outsourcing work contract model for companies, legal protection for workers with an outsourcing work contract model, and the efforts that the government has made in anticipating the emergence of industrial relations disputes between outsourced workers and labor supply companies and employers' companies. The method used is normative juridical, using secondary data as the primary data as supporting data. Secondary data was obtained by conducting a literature study through literature and legislation. The analysis was carried out qualitatively. The results of this study found that for companies to cost of production efficiency (cost of production), the government hopes to provide benefits to develop and encourage community economic growth and national economic growth. In the practice of outsourcing, wage discrimination often occurs between permanent workers who work for the principal company (employer company) and outsourcing workers (contract workers), continuing work with a contract work system. Protection for workers is provided by the existence of labor law because, by law, it means that there is a state guarantee to provide decent work to protect it in the workplace, such as health, work safety, and living wages. Apart from that, it is also up to the provision of social security after retirement, through trade unions or labor unions, providing legal assistance in case of problems, both in terms of non-judicial legal remedies and judicial legal efforts.