We present the Transform with Resilience during Upgrades to Socio-Technical Systems (TRUSTS) Framework, which specifies sources of work system resilience. A work system is defined as elements, including technology, people, policies, protocols, and procedures, that cooperatively function to achieve shared goals. By describing sources of work system resilience, the framework can help a work system's stakeholders preserve its resilience. This is especially important for high-consequence work systems; these are work systems involved in healthcare, military operations, and national airspace management, as examples. In these work systems, responsivity and adaptivity, i.e., resilience, are requisites to achieving missions and goals in the face of outages and other unexpected events, high demands, and nonroutine conditions. In event-driven environments, system resilience is also required to respond to routine variety produced by uncontrollable aspects of the work, such as treatment responses, weather, and adversary behaviors. The TRUSTS framework is derived from foundational literature in complex systems science and resilience engineering. We build upon prior research in resilience engineering. In that body of work, work system resilience has been defined by Erik Hollnagel and colleagues as based on four cornerstones: anticipating, monitoring, responding, and learning. Its fundamental principles have been described in David Woods' Theory Graceful Extensibility and writings on complex systems' adaptive capacity. These cornerstones and principles have typically been described as high-level system capabilities that are illustrated by examples. With TRUSTS, we identify detailed system characteristics and capabilities that afford those high-level cornerstones. The framework is organized into five inter-related factors (a.k.a. the "Big Five" factors) that allow a high-consequence work system and its operations to be responsive and adaptive in the face of challenges. Each of the "Big Five" consists of three to four sub-factors, and each sub-factor consists of two or more resilience requirements. The framework and our associated efforts to operationalize work system resilience are heavily informed by targeted analysis of case studies of new technologies introduced into high-consequence work operations, including healthcare work operations, and interviews with military planning and command and control experts. Currently, we are endeavoring to integrate the TRUSTS Framework into the development of new technologies for health care and other high-consequence work systems. Increasingly, technologies are designed to participate in core work system activities, such as assessment, decision making, planning, and resource brokering and allocation. In these roles, they become integral to the work of other system elements—both technological and human—and the work system as a whole; i.e., they are a part of that work system. When technologies have core roles such as these, they have greater potential to inadvertently interfere with one or more of the means used by the work system to be adaptive and resilient to changing demands and conditions. They also have greater potential to positively contribute to the work system's resilience. Our goal is to help developers attend to the ways their new technology will impact the work system's ability to be adaptive and resilient. We present ongoing work to integrate TRUSTS Framework resilience sources into technology development, including newly developed methods and tools that together enable a TRUSTS Resilience-Aware Development (RAD) approach to technology development. The goal of RAD is to help ensure new technologies are designed to contribute to and not unintentionally compromise work system resilience. It ensures technology development benefits both work system efficiency and resilience in the balanced way that is necessary for long-term work system and mission success. Together, the TRUSTS framework and RAD approach and tools can be used to ensure that, as our healthcare work systems become more complex and technology-driven, they maintain the ability to provide responsive patient care and safety that is adaptive to conditions.


Abstract This paper presents the results of climatic pattern analyses of three- and seven-day summer (May–August) rainfall totals for the central United States. A range of eigenvectorial methods is applied to 1949–80 data for a regularly spaced network of 402 stations that extends from the Rocky to the Appalachian Mountains and from the Gulf Coast to the Canadian border. The major objectives are to quantitatively assess the sensitivity of eigenvectorial results to several parameters that have hitherto been the subject of considerable qualitative concern, and to identify the potential applications of those results. The entire domain variance fractions cumulatively explained by a) the first 10 correlation-based unrotated Principal Components (PCs) and b) the 10 orthogonally rotated (VARIMAX criterion) PCs derived from them are identical for the same data. They vary between 35–47 percent depending on the data time scale and form, being higher for seven- than three-day totals and further enhanced when those t...


Design and three-dimensional simulation of a solar Dish-Stirling (SDS) engine is currently performed. The design starts with the GPU-3 Stirling engine, which is originally built to generate power from the fossil fuel exclusively. The design is conducted through three subsequent phases. Firstly, several parabolic dishes with different rim angles and number of facets are investigated to optimally design the dish concentrator. Secondly, different relative positions of the receiver aperture to the dish focal plane are tested to reach the optimal position. The optical simulation of the solar concentration process is carried out using SolTRACE software. Finally, an optimal design for a cavity receiver that involves a new structure of the heater tubes is performed. The simulation of the engine with the designed receiver is implemented using the commercial CFD code ANSYS FLUENT. Having finished the design, a comprehensive energy analysis of the designed SDS engine is carried out. The results show that a nearly uniform temperature distribution of the heater tubes throughout the cycle is achieved. The overall thermal efficiency of the designed SDS engine is about 31.8 % at a DNI of 1000 W/m2.


Abstract
The team members' expertise has been shown to increase team effectiveness when it is actively coordinated. While in face-to-face teams such expertise coordination unfolds through direct interaction, expertise coordination in dispersed teams is unlikely to evolve automatically. In this context, shared leadership, that is, the distribution of leadership influence across multiple team members is argued to serve as initiating mechanism for expertise coordination.


Introduction 1. The crisis of 1815 2. The crisis of 1825 3. The crisis of 1836-1839 4. The crisis of 1847 5. The crisis of 1857 6. The crisis of 1866 7. The crisis of 1873 8. The crisis of 1882 9. The crisis of 1890 10. Remedies


From Pauli matrices to r-matrices, A.J. Bracken statistical mechanics - from Ising models to unitary minimal models, P.A. Pearce symmetry breaking and nucleon structure, A.W. Thomas electron-atom collisions, I.E. McCarthy exact s-functions and quantum-scattering potentials, K. Amos dimensional odd-ities, R. Delbourgo mathematical remarks on the cohomology of gauge groups and anomalies, A.L. Carey and M.K. Murray the Ising model and its descendants, R.J. Baxter integrable SU(2)-invariant spin chains and the haldane conjecture, M.T. Batchelor and C.M. Yung generalized characteristic identities and applications, P.D. Jarvis and D.S. McAnally quantum group and group link polynomials, M.D. Gould discrete space-time, P. Szekeres.


The Rock of Saint-Eucher is a limestone hill isolated between two successive valleys of the River Durance: on one side a Neogene valley fossilised by Pliocene deposits and on the other an active quaternary valley. This Rock proves to be particularly rich in karstic features, notably a system of sub-horizontal galleries with a developed length of 1600 m. This note is a first synthesis of the study on this cave and its in-fill materials. By correlating to external morphological and stratigraphic factors it attempts to determine the successive stages in the development of karsts in this area since the Neogene.


This paper focuses on the design of entropy-constrained successively refinable unrestricted polar quantizer (EC-SRUPQ) for bivariate circularly symmetric sources. The proposed algorithm is globally optimal under the constraint that the magnitude quantizers' thresholds are confined to finite sets. The optimization problem is formulated as the minimization of a weighted sum of distortions and entropies. The proposed solution consists of a series of steps including solving the minimum-weight path problem for multiple node pairs in certain weighted directed acyclic graphs. The asymptotical time complexity is $O(K_{1}K_{2}^{2}P_{max })$, where $K_{1}$ and $K_{2}$ are the sizes of the sets of possible magnitude thresholds of the coarse UPQ and refined UPQ, respectively, while $P_{max }$ is the maximum number of phase levels in any phase quantizer of the coarse UPQ.


where FCb (Lx(M)) denotes the set of the smooth cylindrical functions and ∇(i) denotes the covariant derivative with respect to the i−th variable. Also τ(γ)t : TxM → Tγ(t)M is the stochastic parallel translation along γ. Among Riemannian connections, we restrict ourselves to the torsion skew symmetric (=TSS in short) connection, Namely the torsion T must satisfy that g(T (X, Y ), Y ) = 0. for any vector fields X, Y . Then for the associated derivative D on Lx(M) is a closable operator on L(Lx(M), νx). This is an immediate consequence of the integration by parts formula [D]. We denote the closure by the same notation D and the domain of the smallest closed extension by D. Next we consider the topology on Lx(M). Let us assume that M is isometrically embedded into the Euclidean space R. As is well-known, νx(W∩Lx(M)) = 1. Here


Objective: To study the relationship between level of plasma fibrinogen(FIB) and coronary heart disease (CHD) .Methods: Levels of plasma FIB were detected in 610 patients who underwent the examinations of coronary angiography. The linear relationship between level of FIB and the branch number or degree of coronary stenosis was analyzed. Results: (1) The levels of plasma fibrinogen were higher in 350 patients with CHD than that in 260 patients without CHD[ (3.86 + 0.87)g/L and (2.76 + 0.72)g/L respectively, P0.01) ]. There was an increased trend in FIB with the increase of branches of stenosis. (2)There was a slight relation between FIB and coronary stenosis (P0.01) . (3) The threshold of the prediction of CHD was FIB≥3. 5 g/ L. The sensibility was 53.7%, and the specificity was 80.8%. Conclusion: The increase of plasma fibrinogen is a main reason in the formation of CHD, but the significant correlation between FIB and coronary stenosis is not found.


Although it has been said that Africa is a slumbering giant slowly waking from a deep sleep as illustrated by increased growth rates in countries (unfortunately excluding South Africa which has shown a decline in financial growth), the reality is that as far as the African continent is concerned, a 'marginalisation' in the availability of information from certain countries is evident when trawling through various information sites in search of relevant information, and finding virtually nothing on the countries under review.


ABSTRACT Using case study methodology including weekly focus group meetings and individual interviews, this article reports results of a study in a Canadian childcare centre in which four educators shared their attitudes and experiences on their role as educators and on building relationships with the children transitioning into their care and their parents. Analysis of the data reveals that educators are most concerned with their role as professionals, and that their interpretations of professionalism influences structural and organizational elements in the centre like shifts and schedules of the educators, but also their relationships with children in their care, and with parents.


The frequency moments characterize a sequence of elements by a number Fk = ∑n i=1m k i where mi denotes the amount of each type of element i. We present the work of N. Alon, Y. Matias and M. Szegedy who construct randomized algorithms to approximate Fk and analyze its space complexity [2]. It turns out that there exists approximation algorithms for certain frequency moments in logarithmic space. In particular for those frequency moments which are useful in data base applications. Unfortunately, the lower bound to approximate Fk for k > 5 is at least Ω(n 1−1/k).


Today the pressures in productive gas collectors on the Dnieper-Donets rift are considerably lower than hydrostatic ones. Opening such formations while drilling is a challenging task in terms of preventing losses and differential pressures. In order to solve the problem, one needs to improve the methods of effective temporary colmation of productive formations with acid-soluble materials under the conditions of abnormally low formation pressures during drilling on fields with late terms of development. Traditional algorithms of lost circulation control in abnormally low reservoir pressure, developed by leading world services companies, often turn out to be unworkable. In order to conduct the lost circulation control, one often chooses colmatants, which totally align with the principles of ideal packaging, however do not meet the criterion of strength or resistance to significant differential pressure. As a result, in the course of the subsequent drilling there can be another circulation loss in already colmated layer. In Ukraine the lost circulation control sphere is being developed by means of selecting colmatants according to a new principle. The article has proposed the activities for the lost circulation curing and pollution reducing of productive collectors. For this purpose the generalized characteristic-criterion of colmatants has been developed and used. The criterion got a name "flexibility", i.e. a deformation, compaction and penetration (into porous-fissured medium) capability under immense pressure. With the help of the criterion the set of particular colmatant have been chosen; also, principles of colmatant mixtures selection under the relevant geological and mining conditions have been identified. In many cases, there is no need to calculate the physical parameters of the formation and the circulation loss crack due to flexibility of colmatant; one only has to select the optimal concentrations of materials and the periodicity of input these materials to the mud. The developed technology confirms the need to improve the algorithms for circulation loss prevention and curing, primarily for conditions of abnormally low reservoir pressures.


This paper explores a passivity-based control scheme for active power filters that are used not only for the compensation of specific thyristor or diode rectifiers, but also for more general loads. Such loads may include, for example, power factor capacitors or may have unknown dynamics. To provide an alternative to existing solutions, which often lead to unstable operation in demanding applications, the authors investigate the effectiveness of a family of passivity-based controllers using on frequency-domain modeling of the system dynamics. Following the passivity-based design procedure, they first obtain a compensation strategy that allows stable active filter operation regardless of line and load parameter variations. Secondly, to ensure precise tracking for the selected harmonics, the develop an adaptive procedure which allows (under varying degrees of approximation) to estimate line and load parameters. Finally a comparison with a linear controller suggested by their passivity-based control structure shows the advantages of the proposed solution. Simulation results are presented which confirm effectiveness of the proposed controller.


Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common form of childhood cancer. Despite effective chemotherapy, 25 to 30% of children will relapse. In adults, less than 30% of patients with ALL are cured. Therefore, it is critical that we identify novel therapies to treat ALL. We are studying the effects of a small molecule compound known as tubacin (tubulin acetylation inducer) that selectively inhibits histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) resulting in increased acetylation of alpha-tubulin by inhibiting one of the two catalytic domains of HDAC6. We found that treatment of both pre-B and T-ALL cell lines with tubacin inhibits growth at very low micromolar concentrations (Jurkat IC50=1μM, Loucy IC50=3μM, REH IC50=2μM, Nalm6 IC50=5μM). We also determined that there is a therapeutic window, since tubacin inhibits the growth of normal bone marrow progenitor cells in methylcellulose colony assays at 20μM and normal human lymphocytes cultured in IL-2 at an IC50 of 16μM. We next tested the effects of tubacin in vivo. SCID mice injected with pre-B ALL Nalm-6 cells were treated with tubacin intraperitoneally at 50 mg/kg/day. Preliminary data using bioluminescence imaging in SCID mouse models showed that tubacin inhibited leukemic progression in vivo. To understand the mechanism of tubacin in ALL cells, we examined both apoptosis and cell cycle regulation by PARP cleavage, activation of caspases, and propidium iodide staining with FACs analysis. Tubacin induced apoptosis of pre-B and T-ALL cells within 12 hours of treatment. There was no effect on cell cycle progression, Retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation, or p21 upregulation, which have been observed with other HDAC inhibitors. Unlike in myeloma cells, tubacin did not increase JunK/SAPK activation or accumulation of acetylated HSP90 in ALL cells. Tubacin treatment resulted in accumulation of acetylated alpha-tubulin after 1 hour and an increase in polyubiquitinated proteins after 7 hours. To address potential mechanisms of tubacin in ALL, we tested whether Na+/K+ ATPase could be contributing to apoptosis. Previous work has shown that treatment with L-glutamate dissociates the Na+/K+ ATPase complex from acetylated tubulin and restores ATPase enzymatic activity. We hypothesized that the accumulation of acetylated tubulin could potentially inhibit the activity of the cytosolic Na/K ATPase pump, which could be reversed by treatment with 1mM sodium glutamate. Preliminary data demonstrate that we can partially rescue the effects of tubacin on PARP cleavage with sodium glutamate. These results suggest that tubacin induces apoptosis through a novel pathway in ALL cells and provide rationale for targeting the aggresome pathway to treat ALL in the future.


Cutbacks are occurring in domestic exploration and US oil fields are maturing. Companies are now putting greater emphasis on improving the profitability of their existing assets through increased production and improved efficiency. This has led to a surge of interest in reservoir geophysics as new borehole methods are added to the existing toolbox of seismic techniques. Infill wells are no longer drilled on a regular grid step‐out pattern but are based on geophysical models of the structure and stratigraphy. Repeat surveys are also becoming an increasingly acceptable method of monitoring EOR projects.


A novel method is presented to overcome the accuracy problem in the ray tracing method for anechoic EMC chamber modeling, with minimum increase in computing time and resources. The algorithm approximates absorber arrays as multi-layered flat structures through a homogenization technique. The chamber model is simplified by applying the homogenization to all the absorbers-lined walls within the chamber. The model simplification allows us to compute the first-order response of each absorber wall by utilizing the discrete complex image method (DCIM) for the layered media Green's function. In this study, we combine the complex images with the higher order reflections (wall-to-wall reflections) from the ray tracing method to obtain the full responses. A simulation tool based on the presented algorithm has been developed for EMC chamber designs, including both full-anechoic chambers and semi-anechoic chambers. The tool has the ability to model anechoic chambers at low frequencies down to 30 MHz, meanwhile, retaining the efficiency of the ray tracing technique. Comparison against full-wave simulations and measurements demonstrates its excellent accuracy and efficiency.


The lack of availability of adequate classroom reading corners and attracting students' attention has an impact on students' reading interest. This activity aims to implement the Class Reading Corner Surgery Program as an effort to improve student literacy in elementary schools. The method used is a participatory approach through collaboration between the activity implementation team, teachers, and students. The first phase was conducted an initial survey to evaluate the existing condition of the reading corner and based on the survey results, the reading corner surgery program was designed by involving physical renovation, procurement of new books, and development of interesting activities to improve students' interest and reading skills. The results of this program show a positive impact on significantly improving student literacy in elementary schools. After going through the process of renovation and procurement of books, the reading corner in the classroom becomes more interesting and comfortable for students. This Class Reading Corner Surgery Program not only focuses on the physical aspect, but also pays attention to the development of students' reading interest and reading skills. With this program, it is expected that students' literacy in elementary schools can increase significantly, having a positive impact on their learning and development.


In a social network there can be many different kind of links or edges between the nodes. Those could for example be social contacts, hyper-references or phone calls. Link Prediction is the problem of predicting edges that either don't yet exist at the given time t or exist, but have not been discovered, are likely to occur in the near future. We develop approaches to link prediction based on measures for analysing the proximity of nodes in a network. Consider a co-authorship network among scientists, e.g. two scientists who are close in the network will have colleagues in common, so they are more likely to collaborate in the near future. Our goal is to make this intuitive notion precise and to understand which measures of proximity in a network lead to the most accurate link predictions. Link prediction algorithms can be classified into three categories: Node neighbourhood approaches, Path based approaches and Meta approaches. Node neighbourhood approach is based on local features of a network, focusing mainly on the nodes structure(i.e. based on the number of common friends that two users share). The local-based measures are: Common Neighbors, Jaccards coefficient, Adamic/Adar and Preferential Attachment. Path based algorithms considers the ensemble of all paths between two nodes. The Path based algorithms are: Katz, Sim-Rank, Hitting Time and Commute Time, Rooted PageRank, PropFlow and High-Performance Link Prediction. Meta-Approaches alter the data before being passed to one of the path based approaches. The algorithms are: Low-rank approximation, Unseen bigrams and Clustering.


In this paper, we introduce a two-dimensional Chebyshev wavelet method (TCWM) for solving partial di erential equations (PDEs) in L2(R) space. In this method, the spatial variables appearing in the PDE each has its own kernel, as well as wavelet coecient for approxi- mating the unknown solution of the equation. The approximated solu- tion of the equation is fast and has higher number of vanishing moments as compared to the Chebyshev wavelet method with only one wavelet coecient for two or more separated kernels for the variables appearing in the PDE.


The CNGS project (CERN Neutrinos to Gran Sasso) aims at directly detecting νμ−ντ oscillation. An intense muon‐neutrino beam (1017νμ/day) is generated at CERN and directed towards the Gran Sasso National Laboratory, LNGS, in Italy, where the ντ will be detected in large and complex detectors. An overview of the CNGS beam facility is given. The performance of the primary and secondary beam line during beam commissioning and physics operation is discussed. Modifications on the magnetic focusing lenses (horn and reflector) are described.


This study aimed to identify the effect of the reciprocal style on the performance skills of forward rolling and leap, performed by the faculty of physical education female students on the balance beam. The sample consisted of (58) students distributed over two equal groups. The first experimental group students were taught by the traditional teaching style, whereas the second experimental group students were taught by the reciprocal teaching style, during the second semester of the academic year 2017/2018. The means, standard deviations, and T-test were calculated to determine the differences between the groups. The results showed statistically significant differences at (??0.05) level between the post measurements of the two groups in the skill performance level in favor of the experimental group. The researcher recommended the use of reciprocal teaching style in teaching skills as well as use modern teaching methods on the different activities.


The main emphasis in this text is on the T cell "in vitro" and "in vivo", because T cells are the main orchestrators of the adaptive immune response and they seem to be the most susceptible to age-associated functional alterations.


Purpose: For easy application to targeted area or in laparoscopic surgery, proper injectable antiadhesive agents are needed. The efficacy of two injectable antiadhesive agents- the thermosensitive poly (organophosphazene) hydrogel (Gel group) and a mixed solution of hyaluronate and carboxymethyl cellulose (Guardix-sol ⓡ , Hanmi Medicare, Korea; Gd group) were compared with that of a positive control (one established membranous agent [Interceed ⓡ , Johnson & Johnson, USA; IC group]) and negative control (phosphate buffered saline, control group). Methods: Eight ischemic buttons were created on both sides of the peritoneum in twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats. Each of the solutions, or membrane agent was applied before closing of the wound according to groups (six rats per group). Two rats in the IC group were excluded because of death or intraoperative bleeding. Animals were sacrificed at two or four weeks after surgery. The number of adhesion-forming ischemic buttons and the weight gain were analyzed. Results: The overall number of adhered ischemic buttons were 23 in the control group (n=48), 22 in the Gd group (n=48), 14 in the Gel group (n=48) and 0 in the IC group (n=32). Overall number of adhered ischemic buttons of the Gd group was not significantly different from that of the control group (P=1.000). However that of the Gel group was smaller than that of the control group, although not statistically significant (P=0.093). Conclusion: The Gel group demonstrated some possibility of having an antiadhesive effect, and the Gd group failed to show antiadhesive effect, in contrast to IC group. A large-scale preclinical study is required to verify these findings.


THE condition of suppurative pylephlebitis with generalized abscess formation throughout the liver, resulting from the obstruction to the opening of the ampulla of Vater by a carcinoma at this orifice, is of sufficient rarity in our opinion to warrant the publication of the following case :-


Thin films and membranes are one of the important members of soft matter, they have played many essential roles in research fields such as chemistry, materials science, mathematics, etc. Although humankinds have figured out how to make films from soapy liquids hundreds of years ago, quantitative films forming is still an open challenge nowadays, especially for free-standing films. Conventional quantitative film preparation methods often use the interface between bubbles to quantitatively generate free-standing film. In addition, the edge injection method is also widely used to obtain free-standing films with smaller diameters (less than 10 mm). However, for the gravity-free environment, the above two conventional methods have certain drawbacks. In this paper, we propose a quantitative preparation strategy for free-standing thin liquid films. This is an experimental system that can complete quantitative thin film preparation even in a gravity-free environment. Digital holographic dynamic imaging has been used in this system to achieve closed-loop control of thin film fabrication process. It allows us to quantitatively characterize film formation and its final three-dimensional structure. The key concept of this system is an optical iris-based droplet opening device. For the preparation of thin films, a droplet is placed at the central aperture of the iris when it is closed; the diameter of this aperture is less than 1 mm, which also creates the possibility of using tiny droplets for film generation; then, by slowly opening the optical iris, a uniform pulling force distribution is created on the droplet. Therefore, a liquid film with known volume can be formed. Owing to the three-dimensional non-contact non-destructive measurement capability of digital holography for transparent liquid films, it has been used to monitor the forming process of thin film during opening. This allows us to quantitatively prepare thin liquid films with required thickness, and it is also possible to reach the common black film. Herein, we show the quantitative preparation of surfactant films and glycerol films, a series of experimental data were recorded and reconstructed by digital holography. The digitized thickness information also creates the possibility of dynamic modeling of the film forming process. By analyzing the spatiotemporal thickness model of the thin film preparation process, we reveal the liquid flow motion and thickness variation trends during film forming.


Background: Measurement of urinary albumin excretion (UAE) is useful for the prediction of future cardiovascular event and is now used not only in clinical but also in health-check up or industrial settings. Especially, microalbuminuria (MA) is an important category of early vascular marker to alert lifestyle modification and/or pharmacological treatment. In the working female population, however, examination of urine in above settings could encounter menstrual situation. Contamination of menstrual blood into urine could induce pseudo-microalbuminuria. However, it has never been studied in apparently healthy women how much of contamination of menstrual blood could increase the risk of pseudo-microalbuminuria. To address this issue, we examined the relationship between urine occult blood level and UAE or frequency of MA cases during menstrual and non-menstrual situation in apparently healthy workers. Subjects and method: We studied 735 female school workers who participated in the Miyagi Karoshi Prevention study. Urinary albumin excretion adjusted for creatinine (UAE) from morning spot urine sample was examined together with annual health check-up in 2019 and 2020. Menstrual situation was confirmed by a questionnaire at the time of examination. One hundred and forty-four non-diabetic, non-hypertensive women without chronic kidney disease (36.9 ± 9.2yrs) were studied either during menstrual or non-menstrual situation in the 2 consecutive years. We compared clinical data during menstrual and non-menstrual situation and then examined the dose-response relationship between urine occult blood category (negative to three plus) and UAE or frequency of MA cases at menstrual and non-menstrual situation. Results: Menstrual situation was associated with significantly higher UAE (4.6 vs. 3.4 mg/gCr, p < 0.001), systolic BP (113.6 ± 13.1 vs. 111.3 ± 12mmHg, p = 0.015) and uric acid level (4.3 ± 0.8 vs. 4.10.9 ± mg/dl, p = 0.004) and was associated with significantly lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (70.0 ± 14.4 vs. 72.7 ± 16.3 mg/dl, p < 0.001) and eGFR(85.0 ± 14.6 vs, 87.7 ± 16.9 ml/min/1.73m2, p = 0.003) as compared with non-menstrual situation. In menstrual situation, UAE was dose-dependently increased with an increase in urine occult blood category (p < 0.001). Frequency of MA in each urine blood category was 0, 0, 4.5, 0 and 17% (p = 0.001), respectively. UAE was not correlated with systolic BP or other parameters during menstrual situation. In non-menstrual situation, there was no correlation with UAE and urine occult blood level. Conclusion: Risk of pseudo-microalbuminuria could abruptly rise if urine occult blood level reach three plus in menstruated women.


This honours paper was supervised by Prof. Don Rothwell. The Torres Strait Islands is among the most vulnerable regions to climate change in Australia. This paper examines the implications of climate change for Torres Strait Islanders' human rights protected by the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). A key purpose is to assess the viability of a complaint being made to the United Nations Human Rights Committee under the ICCPR Optional Protocol, contending that Australia's failure to adopt sufficient measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions constitutes a violation of Islanders' Covenant rights. Written in the lead-up to the 2007 federal election, the paper is primarily concerned with the actions of the Howard Government, but also considers the implications of federal Labor's pre-election policies. It is concluded that whilst a claim by Islanders' would have compelling legal merit, complex issues such as causation and standing mean that it is unclear how the Committee would ultimately determine the case.


The term soliton has recently been coined to describe a pulselike nonlinear wave (solitary wave) which emerges from a collision with a similar pulse having unchanged shape and speed. To date at least seven distinct wave systems, representing a wide range of applications in applied science, have been found to exhibit such solutions. This review paper covers the current status of soliton research, paying particular attention to the very important "inverse method" whereby the initial value problem for a nonlinear wave system can be solved exactly through a succession of linear calculations.


The article explains the conceptual principles of macroprudential policy, its main objectives and instruments. The classification of macroprudential policy tools of the Committee on the Global Financial System is defined. The comparative characteristics of macro-prudential policy in the Western developed countries are also examined


Juveniles who are institutionalised in juvenile homes for care and protection are often perceived as detrimental to society who cannot be moulded into fruitful persons. This negative perception towards institutionalised children prevails even among officials of juvenile homes because of repeated incidences of juveniles escaping from juvenile homes, violence, unhealthy sexual behaviour and recidivism of criminal behaviour both during and after institutionalisation. This paper throws light on the fact that mere institutionalisation and vocation based training is not sufficient to build the juvenile's skills for facing adverse circumstances of life. This paper is an endeavour to seek the attention of social welfare department of Kerala about the need to inculcate life skills training in juvenile homes not only to improve the mental health of juveniles but also to equip them with the necessary skills for facing the challenges of life. The paper is framed on experimental methodology with the aim to find out the significant levels of improvement that a life skills development programme can bring forth in the mental health of juveniles in juvenile homes.


Since the end of the 70th H -NMR becomes more and more important in rock physics and weIl logging. First logging tools could only measure relaxation of H in the natural earth magnetic field, modem tools use their own static magnetic field by a factor of 1000 or more higher than the field of the earth. In weIl logging only transversal relaxation time T2 is measurable by a spin-echo puls sequence. For a correct characterisation of pore size distribution, uneffected by inhomogeneous distribution of suszeptibiliy in the rock matrix, the longitudinal relaxation time TI is the better parameter. The following will show some first investigations on T1 and T2 relaxation on fully and partly saturated consolidated and unconsolidated soil and rock material.


Introduction: Variably present rotator interval capsular openings (RICOs) complicate anterior shoulder capsular anatomy. Open and arthroscopic approaches may lead to differences in the appearance and size of RICOs. The purposes of this study are to: (1) Confirm that RICOs viewed from inside and outside the joint are the same structures, and (2) compare the size of RICOs when approached in an open manner vs arthroscopically. Materials and methods: Twelve fresh cadaveric shoulders were randomized to two different approaches in order to identify and mark RICOs. In the first group, the superior glenohumeral ligament (SGHL) and middle glenohumeral ligament (MGHL) were marked arthroscopically. Sutures were placed in these structures in an open fashion. Repeat arthroscopy was then performed to determine whether the sutures penetrated the marked SGHL and MGHL. In the second group, these steps were reversed and arthroscopically placed sutures were evaluated in an open manner. Dimensions of the RICOs were measured both arthroscopically and open in each shoulder. Results: All specimens had a RICO visualized both arthroscopically and open. Five of 12 specimens had an additional second RICO. RICO size measurements were similar for the arthroscopic and open techniques. Sutures placed via both the arthroscopic and open technique were noted to penetrate the marked structures in all cases. In addition, sutures placed through the SGHL while viewing arthroscopically always captured the coracohumeral ligament (CHL). Sutures placed through the SGHL with an open technique never engaged the CHL. Conclusion: The capsular openings in the rotator interval were confirmed to be the same structures when observed arthroscopically and through an open approach.


The territory and the contemporary city require a dynamic approach capable of embracing the life cycles of the different functions and their relationships. The article discusses tools developed in three case studies in which some factors that determine the evolution of tourist and healthcare functions in a historical centre and recreational functions in a protected natural park can be observed and interpreted. The research presented aims to provide the territorial conservation, transformation and enhancement project with tools capable of interacting with new social demands for inclusiveness, identity, accessibility and sharing, favouring new forms of administration as well as participation and collaboration between different knowledge and skill sets.


The concept of attachment has been discussed and debated in the psychological literature for quite some time. More recently, the concept of attachment has been extended to adults, and several measures that purport to measure attachment style have been developed. The purpose of the present study was to provide a reliability generalization study of five of the most prominent adult attachment style measures. Reliability generalization, a relatively new meta-analytic reliability procedure, was used to (a) identify the typical reliability of scores across instruments and studies and (b) examine sources of measurement error across instruments and studies. Results from this investigation of 154 previously published research studies indicated that the average score reliability across studies varied considerably across instruments and subscales. Implications for the use of self-report measures of adult attachment style are offered.


Object of the present invention even when the belt layer or the belt reinforcing layer is made of a non-metallic material can also be reliably detect a belt to form a base tire having a desired shape and size. In particular, the present invention provides a method of producing a retread tire, grinding by a grinding means tread rubber of a used tire is removed, tires comprising a belt layer, the tread rubber being disposed radially outside the belt layer, the method comprises the steps of: measuring hardness of the tread rubber hardness measuring means; and when measured by a hardness measuring means hardness of the tread rubber has reached a predetermined hardness, the complete grinding of the tread rubber by the grinding means.


The present communication is devoted to the synthesis of tribenzylneodymium and its use for the polymerization and copolymerization of dienes. It was established that tribenzyl-neodymium is formed in the interaction of benzyllithium with anhydrous neodymium trichloride in diethyl ether medium at temperature no higher than -15/sup 0/C. The data obtained suggest that in the case of tribenzylneodymium, all three benzylneodymium bonds of the initial organoneodymium compound participate in the reaction, and, consequently, the active site represents mixed triscrotyl (tris-isoprenyl) derivatives of neodymium. The latter per se or in the form of a ..pi..-complex with the monomer are substantially more stable compounds than the initial tribenzylneodymium.


The invention discloses a measuring method for the particle diameter of blocking particles in pervious concrete, and a pervious concrete grading detection method. The measuring method includes optionally selecting a group of pervious concrete materials, putting the pervious concrete materials in a preset region, collecting an image of the pervious concrete materials, and taking the image as an original image of the pervious concrete materials, wherein the blocking particles in the pervious concrete materials are placed optionally and do not overlap; transforming a pixel value of the original image into a distance value, subjecting the original image to black-and-white treatment to obtain a black-and-white image, and turning all the blocking particles in the pervious concrete materials to uniform black; calculating the area of each blocking particle in the black-and-white image according to a threshold segmentation method, and directly calculating the particle diameter of each blocking particle in the pervious concrete materials according to a preset condition that the blocking particles are spherical.


Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship and duration of breastfeeding in monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna. Material and Methods: 150 children, 78 of whom were diagnosed with enuresis nocturna and 72 of whom were in the control group, who applied to our urology clinic between July 2020 and September 2020, were included in the study. The duration of breastfeeding, the number of children at home, formula feeding, parent education, and passive smoking were asked. Results: The mean age of 150 patients included in the study was 7.6 (5-10 years). The enuresis group consisted of 36 girls and 42 boys, while the control group consisted of 36 girls and 36 boys. In comparison, the number of household members was 7(3-10) in the enuresis group, 5(4-8) in the control group. There was a significant difference between both groups (p=0.008). When the duration of breastfeeding was evaluated, the significant difference between the enuresis group and the control group was found to be 18 months (p=0.016). There was no difference between the formula and feeding enuresis group and the control group (p=0.599). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of passive smoking and parental education. Conclusion: One of the most common disorders in childhood is enuresis nocturna. Continuing with age has many negative effects on the child. Our study observed that the incidence of enuresis decreased if breastfeeding was continued for more than 18 months. Readily available breastfeeding positively affects enuresis nocturna, similar to its effect on many aspects of childhood development. Keywords: Enuresis nocturna, breastfeeding, nutrition.


The final report that entitled " Planning of structure building showroom
hall Suzuki on Jl.Kol.H.Burlian Palembang".there is problem in the final report.it
is how is the writer can decide structure dimension and project management from
this building.the purpose of this planning is so that building and strong structure
can be according to what due wish.when we do this planning we get data from
documentation and analysis which using SNI 03-2847-2002 "list of structure
calculating concrate to buld hall".the rate of imposition Indonesia to hall 1983.
Calculating of planning incude construction conist above planning of
building include roof lisp,floor lisp,gate ,beam,column,while bottom building
include sloof and foundation.For proect management incude specification plan
and prerequirements (RKS),List of pay manpower,list of price
material,NWP,barchart and curve S.
Structre planning uses concrate quality Fc' 30 Mpa and steel quality Fy
300,dimension size of printed column 40x60 cm with prime beam with size 35x60
cm,20x35 cm ,thick of roof metal.sheet is 12 cm and 60 cm with depth of pole
foundation is 12m.Also we use steel frame work IWF is 300.300.15.15
Based on calculating ,the writer can onclude that to plan.data and picture
completely also calculating must be accurate so that structure is safe and it can be
do showroom Suzuki hall building on Jl.Kol.H.Burlian Palembang


A team effort helped to develop an automated test system that improves the reliability of helicopter avionics cables and connectors while accelerating production measurements.


Objective To explore the clinical effect of Habib 4X bipolar radiofrequency ablation assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy without blockage of renal artery for treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods Between October 2010 and June 2011, 14 patients with exophytic RCC (T1N0M0) were treated with Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy with (LRA) or without (LPN) Habib 4X Bipolar Radiofrequency ablation assisted.The LRA group included 6 patients,and the maximum tumor diameter was 2.1 - 3.5 cm (mean,3.1 cm).The LPN group included 8 patients,and the maximum tumor diameter was 2.0 -3.7 cm (mean,3.0 cm).The operative time,average intra-operative blood loss,postoperative hospital stay and incidence of postoperative complications were recorded.Changes of hemoglobin (Hb),serum creatinine (SCr) and ipsilateral glomerular filtration rate (GFR) before and after operation were analyzed and compared. Results The 14 surgical procedures were successful without conversion to open operation.In LRA group,renal artery blocking was unnecessary,the Hb,SCr and GFR before and after operation were (127 ± 19) g/L vs.(124 ± 19) g/L、(96 ±39) μmol/L vs.(92 ±29) μmol/L and (42 ± 12) ml/min vs.(40 ± 13) ml/min,respectively,and the difference was not significant (P >0.05).In LPN group,the renal artery blocking time was 20-52 min (mean,32 min),the Hb,SCr and GFR before and after operations were (130±17) g/L vs.(112±15) g/L,(92 ±31) μ mol/L vs.(110±28)μmol/L and (43 ± 14) ml/min vs.(30 ± 11 ) ml/min respectively,and the difference was significant (P <0.05 ).The operative time was ( 86 ± 20) min and ( 112 ± 43 ) min,the estimated blood loss was (94 ± 18)ml and (256 ± 58) ml,and the postoperative hospital stay was (5.0 ± 0.8) d and (7.8 ± 1.2 ) d,respectively.The difference between the two groups was significant (P < O.05).Complications such as bleeding,gross hematuria,and leakage of urine were noted in LRA group. Conclusions Habib 4X Bipolar Radiofrequency ablation assisted LPN without blockage of renal artery is a safe and effective intervention with a relatively low incidence of complications.And it is superior to LPN in operative time,intraoperative blood loss and postoperative recovery.

Key words:
Renal tumor;  Partial Nephrectomy;  Laparoscopy;  Radiofrequency ablation


With an instantaneous field of view of ~2 sr and a duty cycle > 95%, the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory is a perfect instrument for monitoring variable TeV sources. Because radio galaxies are a type of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) with their jets misaligned with respect to our line of sight, they may help us to probe the physics of very-high-energy (VHE) emission processes in these objects. Three out of four radio galaxies that have been detected at TeV energies by other facilities are located within the field of view of the HAWC Observatory: M87, NGC 1275, and 3C 264. A search for TeV gamma rays at their locations yields no statistically significant excess of counts. We present corresponding upper limits for each radio galaxy and light curves covering 3 years of data taken with HAWC.


The article analyzes such a type of judicial jurisdiction as civil. The consequences of a judge's erroneous determination of the type of jurisdiction are noted. It is proposed to distinguish between civil jurisdiction in statics and dynamics. It is argued that subject and subject jurisdictions constitute the statics of the institution of jurisdiction. Instance and territorial jurisdictions are a manifestation of dynamics. Based on the case law of the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court, criteria for delimitation of judicial jurisdictions are proposed.

To establish the nature of the case, the judge at the stage of opening proceedings must preliminarily (conditionally) apply the rules of substantive and procedural law by modeling the legal structures of relations between the parties, their qualifications.

Considering the subject, grounds and content of the claims, evidence confirming these circumstances, the judge must establish that between the plaintiff and the defendant during recourse to the court there is a civil relationship in which there is a dispute or that there is a possibility of infringement the plaintiff's property right, other property rights or if the life and health of the person applying to the court is in danger.

The subject of protection in civil proceedings may also be the freedom of an individual or an interest that does not contradict the general principles of civil law, including the public or other person's interest. If the application is not subject to consideration in civil proceedings, the judge shall determine to which jurisdiction the case is assigned or that the case is not subject to judicial review.

Keywords: judicial and civil jurisdiction, subject jurisdiction, delimitation of judicial jurisdictions, preliminary (conditional) application of civil law and procedural norms.


The competence of the writer is the ability to analyze economic situations and to suggest appropriate policy and action to meri respon sible for the management of economic affairs. Because this is the competence and viewpoint employed, there is little unusual which can be offered for consideration by readers of this report. Instead, what ever value, may be assigned to the ideas presented in this report must be attributed to the fact that the author is accustomed to evaluate the economic consequences of expenditure made by Government from the viewpoint of a person observing and appraising rather than as a participant. E c o n o m y , W a s t e , E f f i c i e n c y ' : = '


The equations which have been derived for the dissociation equilibrium and the solubility of an electrolyte contain a series of energy quantities, the values of which must be known in order to enable comparison between theory and experiment. In this article the evaluation of these energy terms is given.


FIELD: conveying systems for frangible items, particularly for tilting thereof. SUBSTANCE: method to move glass panel from slightly inclined position into horizontal position involves locating the panel into initial position so that lower edge thereof is supported by vehicle and upper end thereof abuts supporting means provided with rollers; moving the supporting means from upper glass panel edge, which result in tilting thereof backwards so that the glass panel falls onto supporting surface of table, which may be formed as air cushion or web with conveying belts or rollers; moving the panel to next processing device. The glass panel is laid on the support surface so that right side thereof, which is the most attractive one, faces upwards. EFFECT: increased speed and carefulness of glass panel tilting. 23 cl, 2 dwg


Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. The prevalence of this chronic, endocrine condition continues to grow, from a world-wide prevalence of 221 million in 2010 to a projected 300 million in 2030 [1, 2]. The majority (~90%) of patients suffering from diabetes mellitus have type 2 while about 10% have type 1. Type 1 diabetes is caused by immunological destruction of pancreatic beta cells leading to absolute insulin deficiency. On the other hand, type 2 diabetes is associated with deficient insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance. The etiology of diabetes mellitus is multifactorial involving both genetic and environmental factors.

The multifactorial nature of the disease makes management of the diabetes difficult and in many cases multifaceted. While insulin might be nearly sufficient in the treatment of type 1 diabetes, a more diverse approach is needed for the amelioration of the signs and symptoms of patients suffering from type 2 diabetes.

Several non-pharmacological approaches have been employed to manage patients with type 2 diabetes. Physical exercise with or without weight loss have been shown to improve glycemic control [3, 4]. Physical exercise such as progressive resistance training has been reported to significantly lower blood glucose level in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes [4]. In addition, a low calorie diet with a low glycemic index is also useful in lowering glycemic level [5].

Since the etiology of diabetes mellitus is multifactorial, the pharmacological approach would warrant a multidirectional treatment as well. Several groups of pharmaceutical agents are used to target different phases of the metabolism of the pancreatic beta cell in order to generate an optimal secretion of insulin.

Oral hypoglycemic agents including, sulfonylureas, which induces the release of insulin after binding with the sulfonylurea receptors on pancreatic beta cell are widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The biguanides, a drug that does not necessarily induce insulin secretion but reduce hepatic glucose output [6] is also an 'old hand' in the pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes. Biguanides also increase peripheral uptake of glucose [7]. All of these actions of biguanides help to reduce blood glucose level in diabetic patients.

In spite of the success achieved with the use of the older generation of oral anti-diabetic agents, the severity and prevalence of diabetes complications continue to be high, hence the need for newer medications in the fight against the signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus.

Research into ways of treating diabetes mellitus has led to the discovery of thiazolidinediones. These drugs bind to nuclear molecules, called peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). Stimulation of PPAR will in turn activate genes responsible for insulin release. The medicinal chemistry of this class of anti-diabetic drug is a subject of this Special Issue. The discovery of dual PPAR agonists is particularly interesting because it is capable of controlling diabetes mellitus and at the same time preventing the complications associated with it.

In addition, incretins such as GLP-1 and bioactive agents that block DPP-4 (vidagliptin) are relatively new, but promising tools in the arsenal of drugs used in the treatment of diabetes. DPP-4 is the enzyme that degrades GLP-1.The medicinal chemistry of this group of drug is addressed in this Issue.

Meglitinide analogues target pancreatic beta cell receptors to induce insulin release by attaching to the sulfonylurea receptor subunit and closing the K+ ATP channel concomitantly [8].

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (e.g. acarbose, miglitol) is yet another drug used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors delay the digestion of complex carbohydrates resulting in a decrease in blood glucose [9].

Amylin, which is released with insulin from pancreatic beta cell, is used after structural modification, as adjunct therapy in the treatment of type 1 diabetes. It is particularly favored in pediatric patients. The functions and medicinal chemistry of amylin is discussed in this Special Issue.

Insulin, given subcutaneously, comes in different preparations including short-, intermediate- and long-acting. Other forms of insulin preparation including nasal insulin spray have also been experimented. Further development of this type of insulin is under intense focus [10]. Other insulin preparation include thyroxyl-insulin, an insulin linked to thyroxin, binds strongly to plasma proteins via its thyroxyl molecule, resulting in a prolonged plasma half-life and little chance of diffusing through the vascular endothelium [5]. All of these result in a longer insulin action.

Studies examining the role of herbs in the treatment of diabetes have been gaining momentum in the last few decades and many herbs have been characterized as having hypoglycemic action [11]. One medicinal plant that has been getting a lot of attention is Mormodica charantia. The fruit juice of this plant has been shown to have hypoglycemic effect [12-14]. The medicinal chemistry of this plant is discussed in detail in this Special Issue.


This study investigated the influence of mother-child communication and rejection anxiety on school-age children\'s peer attachment. The participants were 441 school-age children in Daegu or Gyeongbuk Province. The collected data were analyzed by Two-way ANOVA, and Multiple Regressions, using SPSS PC(15.0 version). The results were as follows.
(1) School-age children with a lower level of mother-child communication perceived higher level of peer attachment than children with a higher level of mother-child communication. And school-age children with a higher level of rejection anxiety perceived lower level of peer attachment than children with a lower level of rejection sensitivity.
(2) In addition, interaction effects of mother-child communication and rejection anxiety on peer attachment were observed.
(3) The explanation power of mother-child communication on school-age peer attachment was rather higher than rejection anxiety.


The transducer is an essential part of all ultrasonic systems used for applications such as medical diagnostics, therapy, nondestructive evaluation, cleaning or other purposes because its health condition is vital to their proper operation. Defects within the active element, backing or other constitutive elements, loss of adhesion between layers can significantly weaken the performance of a transducer. The objective of this work is to determine procedures to monitor the behavior of a single-element probe during its lifetime and detect degradations before they significantly affect the performance of the system. To achieve this, electromechanical admittance-based (EMA-based) method is envisaged numerically and experimentally. A simplified single-element transducer consisting of a piezoceramic disk, a bonding layer and a backing is studied and the influence of bonding delamination on EMA is investigated. This study considers three different types of delaminations, which are named respectively ?center? (circular delamination from the center of the disc towards the peripheric zone), ?peripheric? (annular delamination from the peripheric zone towards the center) and ?wedge? (delamination from the center to the outside with a given angle). First, a numerical model based on the finite element method is developed. A two-dimensional (2D) finite element analysis is implemented for the first two types of delaminations, taking advantage of their axisymmetric structure, and ?wedge? delamination is modeled in three dimensions (3D). Secondly, transducers with different shapes of 3D printed backings are mounted and experiments are conducted using an impedance analyzer. Experimental results are found to be in good agreement with numerical solutions and it is shown that changes in EMA could allow early detection of delaminations in an ultrasound probe.


Interviews with 27 licensed lay midwives in Arizona demonstrate the continuing macroand micro-political struggles over definitions and control of childbirth. Physicians define childbirth as a potentially pathological process requiring active medical intervention. They also continue to regard lay midwives as dangerously unqualified and home birth as unnecessarily risky despite state licensure of midwives who attend home births. On the other hand, midwives define childbirth as a safe, normal process in most cases, and see physician opposition as self-serving and misinformed. They also stress the advantages of their holistic, family-centered care. Although state licensure gives lay midwives some protection from legal risks, physicians' continuing dominance in the health care arena has powerful, adverse consequences for both midwives and their clients. A cornerstone of the feminist health movement is the belief that women must take charge of their own health care if they are to liberate themselves from men's control (Boston Women's Health Book Collective, 1984; Corea, 1985; Ruzek, 1978). The male-dominated medical profession has maintained control over women by defining menstruation, menopause, childbirth, and other female physiological processes as dangerous and pathological - requiring medical treatment. Contrary to this definition, feminists argue that these processes and the wide variation in women's experience of them are normal, while many "routine" medical procedures that physicians use to treat women's health care "problems" either endanger women's health or are simply unnecessary. For example, they view the historical use of medical practices such as ovariotomy and clitoridectomy to treat hysteria, frigidity, and masturbation, as well as recent restrictions on birth control and abortion, and denial or imposition of sterilization, as helping men to maintain their dominance over women (Barker-Benfield, 1976; Corea, 1985; Ehrenreich and English, 1973; Gordon, 1976; Koumjian, 1981). Moreover, they see the current rates of cesarean sections, hysterectomies, and mastectomies -rates which are unnecessarily high (Dicker et al., 1982; Mueller, 1985; Roos, 1984; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1981)- as further evidence that physicians neither understand nor have sympathy for women's health problems, and that they do not exercise sufficient caution in subjecting women to new or radical treatment regimens. Feminists are not alone in their opposition to standard practices of the male-dominated medical profession. Both feminist and non-feminist women are united in their concern over the widespread medicalization and medical control of childbirth. Both groups fear that routinized medical intervention may do more harm than good to women and their babies. Additionally, non-feminists fear that such medicalization and medical control pose a threat to family bonding and the family's control over decision-making. They criticize hospital procedures which isolate women in labor from their families, separate newborns and their mothers, and discourage breast-feeding (see for example, the journals Birth and Mothering). The recent re-emergence of lay midwifery in the United States is one example of how women are attempting to regain control over their own health care by demedicalizing the childbirth process. A number of excellent historical analyses of midwifery exist (e.g., Devitt, 1979a,b;


: A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of nutrient sources on vegetative growth, rhizome yield and quality attributes of turmeric during 2015-17 at Agroforestry Research Centre (Haldi), G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand. The experiment comprised of two farming systems i.e. harad-turmeric based agroforestry system and open system (without tree) with eight treatments viz ., T - control, T - farmyard manure, T - poultry 1 manure, T - wheat straw, T - vermicompost, T - NPK (100:80:60), T - integrated 50% and T - integrated 100%. The 4 5 8 experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications, with farming system as main plot and nutrient sources as sub plot treatments. The results revealed that the agroforestry system was superior to open (no tree) system and recorded higher yield of turmeric rhizome during both the years. Among nutrient sources, integrated 100% source was significantly superior to NPK, integrated 50% and organic sources. Among organic sources, the effect of vermicompost was superior to other organic sources. Curcumin content of rhizome also followed a similar trend.


In this paper, we quantify the impacts of model fidelity on the effectiveness of trajectory optimization for autonomous vehicles when driving at the limits of friction through experiments with a full-size vehicle. Models ranging from a double-track model with lateral and longitudinal load transfer dynamics to a simple point-mass model are used in combination with direct numerical optimization to generate optimal trajectories subject to the limits imposed by each model. The effectiveness of each model for trajectory planning is evaluated by testing the trajectories on an automated vehicle across friction conditions ranging from ice to dry asphalt. Comparisons between the outright performance of the car and the car's ability to track the optimal trajectory are made across the various models. The tests reveal that the advantage of more complex models is less that they better predict the vehicle's behavior, but that they provide a more nuanced view of the vehicle's limits and guidance on the proper coordination of the various actuators on the vehicle in order to make most efficient use of the available tire friction.


Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of primany small intestinal tumor.Methoeds 108 cases with primany small intestinal tunor verified through operation or/and pathology were reviewed.Benign tumors made up 25/108 and malignant ones accounted for 83/108.Results:Before operation,38(35.0%) cases were given confirmed diagnousis of small intestinal tumor by the following examinations:radiography of digestive tract,fiber endoscopy accompanned by biopsy,selective arteriography, computered tomography(CT) and B ultrasonography.The diagnosis of the other 70(70/108) cases were confirmed by pathology after operation.Partial excision were administered in 24 cases with benign small intestinal tumor.Among the cases with duodenal tumor,33 cases were given whipple's/child's operation and 7 cases,explorative operation.As to the 44 cases with jejunal and/or ileal malignant tumors,radical excaision were performed in 18 cases,palliative excision in 4 cases and explorative operation in 2 cases.Excision operations accompanied by pastoperative standard chemotherapy were given to all of the 20 cases with malignant lymphoma.Conclusions Before operation,the erroneous diagnostic rate of primary small intestinal tumor was high.Fiber endoscopy and lower tension duodenography may bring a high diagnostic rate of duodenal tumor.Radiography and selective arteriography may be very important to the diagnosis of jejunal and/or ileal tumors.Operation is the major treatment to small intestinal tumor and pestoperative chemotherapy should be added to malignant lymphoma.


[Objective]To learn the risk factors of stroke patients,then explore effective intervention measures for stroke patients.[Methods]Retrospectively analyzed data of 205 stroke cases,and used Logistic Regression method to study the risk factors of stroke.[Results]The main risk factors of stroke patients included age,drinking,hypertensions,diabetes mellitus,HDL and LDL.[Conclusion]To aim directly at these risk factors of stroke,we have raised homologous intervention measures such as early stage community prevention,propaganda education,psychological guidance and pristine rehabilitation nursing intervention,to provide scientific basis for cutting down the incidence rate,treatment and rehabilitation of stroke.


This paper presents the design and implementation of an Omnidirectional Mobile Arm Robot System (O-MARS) equipped with multiple sensors. The system integrates sensor information using Riemannian Motion Policies (RMP) to generate dynamic motion policies, which are continuously transmitted to the corresponding actuators of the robot. To facilitate dynamic motion policies for the robot arm and mobile robot, this paper incorporates Eye-in-Hand and Eye-to-Hand vision applications as well as self-collision avoidance. The integration of vision and LIDAR localization guides the mobile robot towards its goal position. Additionally, a virtual model of the robot's environment is constructed, and a virtual-physical integration system is devised. Within this system, the decision-making process of the RMP involves establishing relevant connections between recognized modeled environmental obstacles and the robot's digital twins. This capability enables the mobile robot to navigate around obstacles in a familiar environment. Furthermore, the inclusion of digital twins allows for the integration of LiDAR obstacle avoidance, empowering the robot to exhibit avoidance behavior when encountering unknown obstacles. The system also incorporates human skeletons and whole-body position information to autonomously analyze collision dynamics between humans and robots, ensuring their safe coexistence in shared environments. Lastly, a physical experiment is conducted in a healthcare workplace where humans and robots coexist, with a specific focus on the transportation of medical supplies. This experiment aims to demonstrate the system's effectiveness in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and safety. This paper applies the RMP approach to various domains, including sensor integration, virtual-physical integration, and the heterogeneous application of manipulators and mobile robots. The experimental results of this paper can be found at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pRyd0-gvutM.


ABSTRACT The advent of New Generation Large Aircraft (NGLA), such as the Boeing 747 and Airbus A380, has introduced more complicated landing gears and heavier axle loads. The wheel configurations and loads induce complex mechanical response to the pavement structure particularly during turning movements while taxiing. The objective of this paper is to determine the lateral force on all wheels during turning movements to permit future field measurements and pavement design. The paper documents the use of the velocity instantaneous method to analyse the lateral forces imparted by a B747 and A380 under a moving aircraft. Firstly a multi-wheel landing gear is represented by a single wheel, and then the total lateral force of each landing gear at different velocities is analysed, and the total lateral force of a multi-wheel gear is assigned to each wheel. The results show that both taxiing velocity and nose gear steering angle have an effect on the lateral force during turning at low speed, and an increase in velocity and nose gear steering angle cause a significant increase in the lateral force. The maximum wheel lateral force of A380 is located on the front landing gear without sideslip whereas of the B747 it is located on the inside wheel of the wing landing gear near the center. These positions are recommended as the critical design factor.


The decision support system was created for estimating and forecasting the state of an insurance company according to its financial and economic indicators. The task of estimating the state of this type of an institution was considered as a problem of a binary classification: whether the company's activity is efficient or not. During the research, six supervised machine learning methods were implemented: k-nearest neighbors, support vector machine, naive Bayes classifier, random forest, XGBoost and deep neural network. The created system allows the following: to perform correlation analysis of financial and economic indicators, to check the balance of data, to perform training of the selected model and to estimate quality of training, to predict the state of the insurance company according to the selected model. According to the best model, the future state of insurance companies in Ukraine was predicted.


The authors evaluated the influence of status characteristics sexual history alcohol and substance abuse values and attitudes psychological characteristics and relationship dynamics upon a sample of college students safer sex practices. Regression models were developed for each category of potentially influential factor separately for men and women and a comprehensive regression model featuring variables from all categories separately for men and women was also developed. The model of sexuality was tested upon 291 students of mean age 20.26 enrolled in an undergraduate college course on human sexuality. 77.1% of the 138 men and 133 women were White 75.8% lived with roommates 15.5% with parents and 8.7% alone. 48.7% were dating someone exclusively 28.4% were dating casually and 22.9% were not involved in any romantic relationship. 87.5% had ever had sexual intercourse with the mean age at first intercourse being 16 years and an average of 6 total lifetime intercourse partners. 94.4% self-identified as exclusively heterosexual. Participants were administered a package of self-report instruments to collect demographic information and measure the following: self-esteem locus of control ego identity sexual attitudes sexual behavior peer influence and family relationships and functioning. Study results support the approach of examining models of influence separately for undergraduate men and women due to the existing differences both within and between categories. Findings are presented and discussed. The relevant literature is also reviewed.


A method is suggested for determining the mean rate of radon scavenging from the lower troposphere by clouds and precipitation. Vertical turbulent diffusion is considered. Data are included on the mean rate of aerosol wash out by precipitation. (tr-auth)


The utility model relates to a beverage bottle with a marking device. A device which is easy for marking is increased on the basis of the design externality of the existing beverage bottle (water bottle), thus distinguishing the relationship between the same beverage and bottled water. The beverage bottle consists of a bottle body and a marking device, wherein the marking device is arranged on the beverage bottle body; the marking device can generate deformation by pressing or pulling; and the marking device can be provided with texts, letters, digits or patterns which are convenient to be distinguished.


During the major onset of Plasmopara viticola,the resistance of six strains tested from Zizhenxiang grape variety self progenies to Plasmopara viticola was studied by means of natural infection investigation in field and determining the PPO and PAL activities in leaves before infection and after infection.The results showed that there was positive correlation between the resistance of grapevines tested and activities of PPO and PAL.The resistance of strains tested existed significantly different.The resistance of 08-88 was the strongest.It improved markedly comparing with the parent strain.The resistance of 08-42,08-51 was intermediate to Plasmopara viticola.The resistance of 08-141,08-96,08-13 was the weakest and far beneath the parent strain Zizhenxiang.


The paper explores the relationship between PE games and the mastery of sports skills from the perspective of its specific characteristics, the inconspicuous benefit of compiling principles of PE games and the mastery of sports skills, the criterion of "play" VS "pleasure" in the course of correct treatment to PE games and the mastery of sports skills.


This paper explores the transition from logics of cooperation to logics of competition in strategic groups in liberalizing industries. I suggest that the notions of logics of action and dominant logic, usually associated with studies of institutional fields and organizational top management teams, respectively, can usefully be applied to the study of cognition in the formation of strategic groups in liberalizing industries. Over time, a group dominant logic emerges through cognitive processes of simplification, elaboration, and the avoidance of cognitive dissonance, as a result of observations and interactions between executives across organizations in the group. These processes also serve to maintain the dominant logic of competition in strategic groups over longer periods, until external environmental changes lead to a sufficiently large rise in dissonance, prompting the emergence of a new logic. The Nordic postal industry presents many of the hallmarks of a strategic group, including pursuing similar s...


As a neutron-absorber, Boron 10 plays a significant role in nuclear power plants as it is used in order to control reactivity in the core, together with control rods. For that reason; it is a key parameter that has to be controlled. In a similar way, it is crucial to be able to detect a boron dilution in the primary circuit, as it would causes severe damages if not detected and controlled. Thus, it comes as evidence that a boron concentration monitoring system is a key for every nuclear power plant. Consequently, it becomes important to provide plant operators with a boron concentration measurement issued by a reliable, redundant, classified and qualified system, with high accuracy and short response time. In order to cover this need, Rolls-Royce has designed Boronline®, the latest generation of boron meter, which provides nuclear power plant operators with a permanent record of boron concentration of primary circuit by way of continuous sampling and real-time measurements. Boronline takes part of a new generation of Advanced Sensors and Measurements Technologies. In this paper, boron meter role, main functions and measuring principles will be detailed, as well as technical characteristics of the new generation of boronmeter will be presented.


As the principal mechanisms for the transmission of the AIDS virus have been identified a need has arisen for a set of symbols to indicate each mechanism of HIV transmission and track its spread. If soundly devised such symbols might have utility for HIV-AIDS communications and control programs somewhat analogous to the utility of international traffic signs. A system is therefore suggested that has been adapted from the symbols denoting male and female with diverse permutations of the same while adhering to a specific set of rules. These transmission symbols could also be used to track and present outbreaks of other sexually transmitted diseases especially syphilis whose chancre within weeks of infection makes identification of the source of syphilis infection a far easier task than is the case with HIV-AIDS. In states and nations with modest numbers of AIDS cases it may be feasable to diagram each cluster of cases according to transmission mechanisms discerned. Such diagrams of HIV-AIDS outbreaks may serve to heighten awareness of transmission patterns and hazards in each community and thus intensify control activities.


Professional social work is a profession to help others in a specialized way. In order to carry out its special mission, professional social work must form a complete, practical alignment of ethic value which also can be supervised and measured in addition to a perfect and ripe professional methods and skill. Priority alignment of ethics value of professional social work should be the principle of protecting life, the principle of creating equal chance, the principle of deciding by oneself, the principle of minimum hurt and the principle of keeping secrets.


This article discusses the meaning behind the sekaten traditional ceremony, as performed in Surakarta by Surakarta palace, the government, and the local community. This is important because the sekaten ceremony is a traditional cultural event that encompasses local wisdom and moral values that guide the development of a civilized social life, yet it currently tends to be oriented toward the tourism sector, and its previous meaning is not understood by the local community. This research applies a descriptive analytical method with a qualitative approach. Data were collected from informants, namely staff at Surakarta palace, the Surakarta City Government, and Islamic religious leaders in Surakarta, as well as traders and visitors at the sekaten. The technique involved in-depth interviews and participatory observation of the places and events involved in the sekaten traditional procession. Data analysis was then carried out inductively using interactive methods. The results showed that the meaning behind the sekaten tradition has changed in the era of globalization from originally symbolizing the Islamic kingdom and royal power as part of Javanese culture. In the globalization era, the Surakarta palace defines sekaten as part of a cultural heritage that encompasses local wisdom, while the government defines it as a cultural asset and an element of the tourism industry. Finally, local people associate sekaten with syncretism, entertainment, and tourist destinations.


Abstract In the past 10 years, geographic information systems (GIS) have been widely used in urban and regional planning in the developed countries in Australia, North America and Europe. However, the use of GIS in urban and regional planning in the developing countries is limited and still at an early stage of development. This paper examines the current use of GIS in urban and regional planning in the developing countries in Asia. The major hindrances in the use of GIS in the developing countries is related not so much to the technology of GIS but more to data availability, leadership, organization structure and planning practice. For GIS to be more useful to urban and regional planning in the developing countries the development of a sustainable strategy in developing GIS and staff training is needed. International assistance agencies and GIS software companies can play an active role in making GIS available and usable to the planners in the developing countries.


This investigation aimed to describe the current physical fitness (PF) status of Portuguese youth, compare secular trends from 2008 and 2018, and establish updated age‐ and sex‐specific percentile values for distinct PF tests. In 2008 and 2018, 22 048 and 8960 children and adolescents (10–18 years) were included in two national cross‐sectional investigations. PF was evaluated using the FITESCOLA® battery tests and the handgrip strength test. Independent sample t‐tests and chi‐squared tests were used to model the results. Weight smoothed percentile values were calculated using Cole's Lambda‐Mu‐Sigma (LMS) method. All analyses were weighted according to age, sex, and geographic region. In 2018, boys surpassed girls in the 20‐m shuttle run, curl‐ups, push‐ups, standing long, and vertical jump tests, while girls performed better in the sit‐and‐reach (p < 0.05). The percentage of boys and girls meeting the healthy zone in the 20‐min shuttle run test did not differ between 2008 and 2018 (p ≥ 0.05). In boys, a higher percentage fell in the healthy zone for the curl‐up and push‐up tests in 2018 compared to 2008 (85.8% vs. 83.4%, and 57.8% vs. 53.8%; p < 0.05). Girls improved their flexibility component (sit‐and‐reach test), with a higher percentage meeting the healthy zone in 2018 (32.6% vs. 36.9%; p < 0.05); an opposite trend was seen for boys (65.5% vs. 50.1%; p < 0.05). The present investigation provides new and updated PF percentile curves for Portuguese youth, which can be used as a general overview of the current PF state among the Portuguese young population.


Power consumption is a major consideration in embedded microprocessor design. This paper presents a low power design approach of instruction cache based on branch execution tracks. The approach utilizes the recorded branch execution tracks to determine whether or not the referenced instructions reside in the instruction cache, and attempts to eliminate the unnecessary tag checks at runtime. Moreover, a novel method for maintaining the branch execution tracks effectively at cache size level is proposed. Experimental results of SuperV DSP show that this approach could reduce 96.64% of tag checks and save 19.71% of instruction cache power consumption, with only 2.16% of area increasing and no performance degradation.


The invention provides a coiled material processing system and a control method thereof. The coiled material processing system comprises the following components which are successively arranged in a coiled material processing path: at least one uncoiler (11,12) which is used for supplying the coiled material, a crimping machine (20) and a reeling machine (80) which are used for connecting with the ends of two successive coiled material, a movable trolley (90) which is arranged between the crimping machine (20) and the reeling machine (80) along the coiled material processing path and is provided with a pulley mechanism for winding of the coiled material (60), and furthermore the movable trolley is constructed for moving between a first position and a second position, an actuating mechanism which is used for driving the movable trolley (90), and a position detecting device which is used for determining the position of the movable trolley (90); wherein the coiled material processing system is configured for changing a torque and/or force which is applied by the actuating mechanism based on the position of the movable trolley (90) detected by the position detecting device between the first position and the second position. The invention further provides a coiled material with a simple structure, and furthermore tension fluctuation of the coiled material can be effectively controlled.


The purpose of the research is to analyze the phenomenon of human perception of the combination of film images in varying space and time and with different actions. To determine the role of audio and video combination: soundtrack, counterpoint; to trace the parallels between the structure of musical works and music notation with composition, as well as the system of editing audiovisual works; to outline the main editing transitions and special effects, to note the feasibility of their use in modern audiovisual production. The research methodology is based on the following scientific methods: theoretical (analysis of physiological and psychological factors of the viewer's perception of an audiovisual work, analysis of outstanding examples of world cinema); comparative (drawing parallels between the language of cinema and music); practical (modelling specific examples of combining several frames). Scientific novelty. For the first time, the authors analyze the peculiarities of editing in contemporary audiovisual production, reveal the specifics of special effects and transitions, draw parallels between the levels of editing and the language of musical works; establish some details of the phenomenon of perception of editing at the level of psychology and everyday life and define the main criteria for the quality of editing transitions and effects. Conclusions. The peculiarities of montage have been identified, and the fact of perception of different moving images collision at the subconscious level in an audiovisual work has been analyzed. It is proved that pictures that are not united by space, time and action can create a coherent associative story. The role of audio and video combination has been defined – from synthesis with an amplifying effect to collision and creation of counterpoint. Parallels between musical works and the composition of an audiovisual work have been drawn. The main transitions and effects, as well as the conditions for their creation in modern audiovisual production, have been identified.


PURPOSE: To provide a new composition useful as a precursor for metal complexes with functions as e.g. new recording materials for photochemical hole burning, having saccharide residue having high hydrogen bond-forming ability, and excellent in solubility to solvents. CONSTITUTION: The objective porphyrin of formula I [R is of formula II (one of R 1 -R 3 is glycoside residue of xylose, the rest being H)], e.g. 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(p-xylolphenyl)porphyrin. The compound of the formula I can be obtained by the following process: a saccharide such as xylose or glucose is acetylated and halogenated in succession, and the resulting halogenated product is made to react with an alkali salt of monohydroxybenzaldehyde to form a phenylglycoside, which is then made to react with pyrrole followed by addition of a chloranil to obtain an acetylated product of the compound of the formula I, which is finally deacetylated. The above-mentioned halogenation is preferably made by bromination of the first acetylated product with an acetic acid solution of hydrogen bromide. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


Beginning in 1933, with the establishment of the first federally chartered savings and loan, the thrift industry has functioned under a dual regulatory system. This paper addresses the question of whether this moral hazard, created by regulatory competition, increased the resolution costs of state chartered institutions relative to the federally chartered thrifts. Resolution costs are those expended by the Resolution Trust Company (RTC) to handle a defunct thrift. This study shows, using a variety of methods and statistical tests, that the charter orientation of a defunct savings and loan had a significant effect on the resolution costs associated with the handling of the thrift by the RTC. Therefore, it can be stated that this dual regulation of the savings and loan industry created a moral hazard in which there were incentives for regulators to provide broader investment powers and less strict regulation to attract thrifts. Because state regulators tended to provide less strict regulations, the resolution costs for defunct state chartered savings and loans were larger than for their federally chartered counterparts.


Barbara Shlemon offers incisive examples and explanations of the problems that can be encountered during each stage of human development. At the conclusion of each stage she includes a prayer to help begin the healing process.


Concerned with pessimistic evaluation on the social enterprise program of the Korean government, this study argues re-examination of economic rationality and fundamental review of the program. Social enterprises are individual firms practicing social economic activities and social economy is an alternative economic system pursuing the transformation of market economy toward a more social and equitable system. In sum, it is necessary for the social enterprise program of Korean government to focus on the incubating new economic unites which can coordinate market economy and the improvement of civic rights of labor class. To verify the argument, this study performs comparative analysis between certified social enterprises and economy of communion enterprises. Based on participant observation and in-depth interviews, this study finds out that economy of communion enterprises generally have better financial independence, democratic decision-making process, contribution to affiliated community, mutual trust between business owner and employees, ideal motivations playing pivotal role, and unconditional altruistic sharing than certified social enterprises. As a policy alternative, this study suggests involvement of managerial expertise and positive exchanges of experience based on the stage model of Molteni (2002) for the development of socially innovative business.


This report discusses role of the World Heritage Convention in recognizing and protecting geological and geomorphological heritage, and presents proposals based on a global consultation.


Materials and Methods: In a prospective single center study, DWI was added to the standard MR imaging protocol in 56 consecutive patients with known or suspected endometriosis. Endometriotic lesions as well as (functional) ovarian cysts were analysed for location, size, and signal intensity on T1-, T2-, and DWI. Signal intensity ratios were calculated, using the obturatorius muscle. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated using b-values of 50, 400, 800 and 1200 s/mm. Statistical analysis included the Spearman correlation coefficient, Mann Whitney U and Kruskall-Wallis tests.


Among others, properly designed drilling fluid is a key for a success of drilling operation. The rheology, and lubricity of drilling fluids control the hydraulics, hole cleaning and the mechanical friction between string and wellbore. In this paper, the effect of Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-and Graphene nanoparticles on conventional water based drilling fluid systems have been studied. The coefficient of frictions have been measured at 20,55 and 70 C. The results showed that the addition of 0.2gm (0.04 wt. %) MoS2 and 0.1gm (0.02wt%) graphene reduced the average friction coefficient of the conventional nano-free drilling fluid by an average of -44 % and -34%, respectively. The torque and drag simulation studies showed that the reduction of coefficient of friction increased drilling depth by +26% and +7.7%, respectively.


This paper presents an optimal structural design system based on a variational theory of design sensitivity analysis for linear and nonlinear structures and mechanical systems. So called flexible systems and structures, as well as design and control variables, are treated within a unified frame. The concept of an auxiliary system, the principle of virtual work, and a Lagrangean-Eulerian description of the deformations and design variations, are used to develop the unified viewpoint. Finite element and finite difference methods are used for spatial and time discretization of the sensitivity equations. The isoparametric concept of the finite element formulation is related to the concept of control volume. The concept of a design element is used for the design modeling of the structure and to generate the analysis model from the design model. Structural analysis and optimization codes are combined to create an optimal design capability. Optimalily criteria methods and nonlinear programming are applied as opt...


In view of reports of Zika outbreak from Gujarat & Rajasthan states, an entomological surveillance of Aedes aegypti vector was carried out at Adani Chaudhary Charan Singh (CCS) International Airport, Lucknow and its adjoining areas between 2016 to 2019. The regular monitoring of the vector and effective intervention measures prevented the invasion of new pathogen of Zika and Yellow fever pathogen (virus) by bringing down the Aedes aegypti vector density at lowest level. The entomological indices worked out in 2016 as the premise index in the month of February, June and August, were remained positive for Aedes aegypti and container index (CI) was found 14.14. The House Index (HI), Container Index (CI) & Breteau Index (BI) were 24.50, 17.51 & 25.27, respectively in residential colony of Air Port Staff located at a distance of 0.50 km, whereas, indices were found very high i.e. 37.50, 25.50 & 57.62, respectively in Farrukhabad/Chillawan civil inhabitation located at a distance of 2.0 Kilometre. With the dedicated efforts of Airport Authority of India and State Health Department, Aedes aegypti indices gradually declined to very low level as the premise were positive for Aedes aegypti larvae but container index inside & outside airport premise became 2.70 & 4.37 respectively in early half of 2019. The HI, CI & BI were found 2.57, 2.69 & 3.09 in the airport residential colony and 3.15, 2.57 & 2.77, respectively in civil inhabitation i.e. Farrukhabad/Chillawan area in early half of 2019. The collateral impact of low vector density resulted drastic decline in dengue morbidity by 83.73% & 74.74% and in mortality by 88.89% & 94.44%, during 2017 & 2018 respectively in comparison to 2016 and the case fatality rate (CFR) declined from 0.65% in 2016 to 0.14% in 2018. However no death was documented due to Chikungunya in Lucknow and the morbidity though was doubled in 2017 & declined again to the level of 2016, but remained very less in comparison to dengue, as only 44, 80 & 47 cases of Chikungunya were reported during 2016, 2017 & 2018, respectively. The Airport also achieved the dividend in the form of conferring the title of Best Airport of the year 2018 in size & region managing the cleanliness in increased thrust of passengers' load to more than double in limited resources.


Harald Giessen, Julian Karst, Derek de Jong, Moritz Floess, Dominik Ludescher, Yohan Lee, Monika Ubl, Sabine Ludwigs, Paul V. Braun, and Mario Hentschel 4 Physics Institute and Research Center SCoPE, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Research Laboratory, and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA 3 IPOC-Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.


Veterinary Heritage. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Veterinary Heritage, Vol. 32, No. 2, November 2009, p. 42-43