【Objective】In order to compare the effect of fixed insemination and mobile insemination on conception rate of bovine.【Method】Nine insemination sites were selected from 2009 to 2012,the data were analyzed.【Result】The result showed that the average conception rate of fixed insemination,mobile insemination in 30-60 min,1-2 h,2-3 h and 3 h for 11770 cattle were 0.848,0.853,0.841,0.803 and 0.744,respectively.Variance analysis on two ways of insemination in different years indicated that the difference between mobile insemination over 3h and 30-60 min,30-60 min and fixed insemination were all extremely significant,and that in 2-3 h was significant.30-60 min,1-2 h and 2-3 h of insemination among them were not significant.【Conclusion】The best time for mobile insemination was within 3 hours.


Students' thinking processes are still at the C1 (remembering), understanding (C2), and C3 (application) levels. Teachers almost never take high-order thinking skills (HOTS) oriented learning. Researchers also rarely use learning media. It seems that the learning atmosphere in the classroom is stiff and the children are not cheerful. For that students must be equipped with higher order thinking skills (higher order thinking skills). One of the HOTS-oriented learning models requested in the implementation of the 2013 Curriculum is the Discovery Learning learning model. Recovery learning model is a learning model that helps understand concepts, meanings, and relationships, through an intuitive process until finally arriving at a message. After implementing integrated thematic learning with the Discovery learning model, researchers found that the process and student learning outcomes improved. Better than previous studies. When the Discovery learning model was applied to another V class, it turned out that the process and student learning outcomes were the same. The writer concludes that the discovery learning practice is a HOTS-oriented best practice (good practice) with a recovery learning model.


This research  Paper Studies the issue of "jurisprudence differences" and ways of Employing them in contemporary issues, which is an important issue in the present day, Because There  are People such as Orientalists and Prejudiced who view the reality of jurisprudence differences as a gap that defects the structure of Islamic jurisprudence and then come to the conclusion that it is merely comprising  a group of human thoughts and not a living revelation from Almighty God as it is believed ,However, the reality that should not be forgotten by the Thinker who is free from intellectual biased precedents, that the jurisprudential differences arising from the derivation of the scholars who had profound knowledge with the sincerity of religious commitment and Devotion to God is the Outcome of approach intended By Allah and used to Derive  Islamic Judgments from the Quran and the Sunnah. Jurisprudential differences are a function established  by the god for the scholars  in order to take care of the interests of the people and fulfill their innate needs, but the question arises what are the best approaches to take advantage of this rich scientific heritage in our contemporary issues, this  research provides a detailed treatment of this issue and lead to the results that can be utilized in the development of jurisprudential work in the present day.


Aim Based on amount of cultivated land and the correlated statistical data of social economy during the period of 1996~2005,the paper analyzed the change of cultivated land resources and causes of the changes in Shaanxi,China,especially made the develops various factors of social economy.Methods It is adopted the methods of determine the nature and determine the amounts of the components of a substance being tied in wedlock,the correlation regression analysis and the multivariate regression analysis are outstanding.Results ① amount of cultivated land decreased from 335.90×104 hm2 to 278.85×104 hm2,the rate of reduction is 1.84% every year;② conversion of cultivated land to ecological use is the main cause of its reduction in the recent 10 years,which gets to 30.74% of the total of ecological use in 2005;the land reclamation,there organization and the development are the factors of the cultivated land's increasing and all of them had the certain proportion;③ the amount of cultivated land change has been well correlated to the development of economy and society,and especially more closely related with population factor.Conclusion Should adopt the strategy countermeasure from education,laws and policies,host aspect,so that to protect and keep cultivated land resource and their sustainable use in Shaanxi,China.


The first half of the 1950s was a complex one for Chilean entrepreneurs and their leadership. The acute problems arising from the deterioration of the country's social and economic conditions and the threat posed by the "populist phase" (1952-1955) of Carlos Ibanez's government, had profound repercussions within the "entrepreneurial world" and its organizations. The traditional leadership was challenged by a new generation of emerging leaders who criticized their political strategies, tactics as well as their ideological postures. On this last score, a gradual adherence to the tenets of the "new liberalism" gained momentum. In this article, that process is analyzed from its inception until its culmination in 1955. For analytical purposes the events in SOFOFA–the "beach-head" of the "new liberalism" in Chile- during that period, are taken as a case study. Keywords: SOFOFA, entrepreneurs, crises, change.


To increase the anti-carcinogens phenylethylisothiocyanate (PEITC), myrosinase (MYR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST), genes related to PEITC pathway were isolated and the gene expressions were regulated by Agrobacterium transformation. Isolated cDNAs, MYR, and GST genes were 1,647 bp and 624 bp, respectively, and the protein expression was confirmed through pET system. Thereafter, we constructed a sense-oriented over-expressing myrosinase (pBMY) and RNAi down-regulated GST (pJJGST) binary vectors for the Chinese cabbage transformation. After the transformation, thirteen over-expressing transgenic Chinese cabbage plants (IMS) with pBMY and five down-regulated ones (IGA) with pJJGST were selected by PCR analysis. Selected T0 transgenic plants were generated to T1 plants by self-pollination. Based on the Southern blot analysis on these T1 transgenic plants, 1-4 copies of T-DNA were transferred to Chinese cabbage genome. Thereafter, RNA expression level of myrosinase gene or GST gene was analyzed through r eal-time RT PCR of IMS, IGA, and non-transgenic inbred lines. In case of IMS lines, myrosinase gene was increased 1.03-4.25 fold and, in IGA lines, GST gene was decreased by 26.42-42.22 fold compared to non-transgenic ones, respectively. Analysis of PEITC concentrations using GC-MS it showed that some IMS lines and some IGA lines increased concentrations of PEITC up to 4.86 fold and up to 3.89 fold respectively compared to wild type. Finally in this study IMS 1, 3, 5, 12, and 15 and IGA 1, 2, and 4 were selected as developed transgenic lines with increasing quantities of anti-carcinogen PEITC.


Research purposes:In the past geophysical prospecting,the p-wave velocity of terrane was obtained with shallow seismic refraction method.But with the shallow seismic refraction method,the terrane velocity nearby the deep buried tunnel portal could not be obtained because of the limitations of the theory and the hypocenter energy source.In that way,there was no enough evidence to sort the surrounding rock.So,it is necessary and urgent to do the research on sorting the surrounding rock with the technology of telluric electromagnetic sounding.Research conclusions:There are some very big limitations for getting the p-waves of the surrounding rock of deep buried tunnel with the shallow seismic refraction method.Therefore,the telluric electromagnetic sounding sounding has become the major method for railway geological exploration.Using the telluric electromagnetic sounding can effectively distinguish the resistivity and its outcomes can be as the basis to judge the integrity of surrounding rock,so it is feasible to use the telluric electromagnetic sounding to sort the surrounding rock.


Daminozide, an antigibberellin agent, is effective in inducing potato microtubers. It has a beneficial effect on source-sink coordination during microtuberization, and significantly increases the microtuber size in an early maturing genotype. However, it does not exert any positive effect on microtuber induction and development during cytokinin-induced tuberization in vitro. Its effect on microtuber dry matter has been found to be genotype-specific with a general trend of decreasing % dry matter content with increasing concentrations of daminozide.


PART I. GENERAL ASPECTS OF PROPAGATION. 1. Introduction. 2. Propagation Structures. PART II. 3. The Development of Seeds and Spores. 4. Production of Genetically Pure Seed. 5. Techniques of Seed Production and Handling. 6. Principles of Propagation by Seeds. 7. Techniques of Propagation by Seeds. PART III. 8. Vegetative Propagation. 9. Anatomical and Physiological Basis of Propagation by Cuttings. 10. Techniques of Propagation by Cuttings. 11. Theoretical Aspects of Grafting and Budding. 12. Techniques of Grafting. 13. Techniques of Budding. 14. Layering and Its Natural Modifications. 15. Propagation by Specialized Stems and Roots. 16. Principles of Tissue Culture for Micropropagation. 17. Techniques of In Vitro Micropropagation. PART IV. 18. Propagation Methods and Rootstocks for the Important Fruit and Nut Species. 19. Propagation of Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Vines. 20. Propagation of Selected Annuals and Herbaceous Perennials Used as Ornamentals.


In the recent years, the work in composite industry needed new ecofriendly resources to improve the original properties of current materials. Many researches attempted to find alternative additives to be used with the current systems which provide a new material that is environmentally friendly and has better performance than the synthetic counterparts. This paper presents the study of mechanical characteristics, including bending, impact, tensile and hardness tests, of date palm fiber (DPF)/ epoxy composite. The composite plate was constructed by hand-layup technique. The filler content values (wt %) were 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Young's modulus, impact strength and hardness were shown to be increased with increasing fiber content. Tensile strength was increased only by using 5% and 10%, where as it was decreased by increasing fiber content.


This paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of involute and cycloid gear profiles on shearer traveling wheel,and gives the selection principle in different situations.


Although groups are always interest to ethnologists, linguists, culturologists, and other experts in nonpolitical fields, they are usually noticed by political scientists only when they are involved in a conflict--an actual or potential one, or one imagined by the scholar. When the various peoples of the Soviet Union came to the forefront of the country's political life in late 1980s, many scholars both in the West and in the Soviet Union itself observed that, in the words of Neil Melvin, [t]he onset of ethnic warfare in Yugoslavia and the sudden collapse of the Soviet Union found Western scholarship severely wanting in terms of its understanding of nationalism, especially ethno-nationalism, in the former communist states ... after decades of neglect nationalism has again become a central component of the academic study of Central and Eastern Europe and articles and books about nationalism have become something of a growth industry.(1) Such confessions were numerous through the 1990s; nevertheless, the same mistake was repeated more than once. Pronounced ethnopolitical conflict may tell a lot about the past of the groups involved, as well as about the politics of the country. But such conflict is always an extreme case of social development and as such is not typical. Even in the stormy years of perestroika and its immediate aftermath, probably two or three dozen Soviet peoples were involved in open conflicts, while the rest of the approximately 130 ethnic groups officially listed in the 1989 census remained more or less silent, and thus mostly unnoticed by political scientists. More than that, any interethnic conflict irreversibly changes the pre-existing situation. Studying ethnopolitics (and the "national question" in general) through the magnifying glass of conflict is like studying the radiance of a remote star whose light is bright and visible, though the star long ago ceased to exist. In the same way we derive information from studying ethnic conflicts--but only about the ethnic groups that entered the conflict; the groups emerging from it are different and demand new studies. Therefore I believe that it is more useful to study interethnic relations and ethnopolitics during periods of calm. As a case study of contemporary Russian noncrisis ethnopolitics one can examine the situation in Perm oblast. Far from being unique, the region provides an interesting test site for different approaches to regional and local ethnopolitics due to its population's ethnic composition, its history, and recent sociopolitical developments. Occupying 160,600 square kilometers in the easternmost part of Europe, Perm oblast is situated at the junction of the Russian plain and the Ural mountains. The last Soviet census of 1989 gave its population as 3,091,500. The largest among the region's more than eighty ethnic groups were Russians (83.9 percent of the population), Tatars (4.9 percent), Komi-Permyaks (4.0 percent), Bashkirs (1.7 percent), Ukrainians (1.5 percent), and Udmurts (1.0 percent) (for more details see tables 1 and 2). The ethnic distribution of the population has remained generally unchanged till now. It may be useful to note that in recent years the oblast proved politically and socially calm by Russian standards. That is not to say that the oblast is free from the problems raised by the Russia-wide crisis; as an example one can mention the forced liquidation of the Kizel coal mining area, which requires the re-education and job placement of thousands of workers. Still, neither the population at large nor the regional authorities tried to exploit these problems to obtain additional benefits, to launch open confrontation with the federal government, or to isolate the oblast from all-Russian economic and social systems. The only attempt of that kind took place in 1994, when the regional legislature decided to withdraw its signature from the Treaty of Social Accord--at that time the beloved child of President Yeltsin, who viewed it as the foundation for political stabilization in Russia. …


I. INTRODUCTION In 1990, the traditional immigration policy aims of uniting families and providing asylum for the tired, poor, and weary masses gave way to the realization of economic goals. The Immigration and Naturalization Act(1) tripled the number of employment-related visas(2) and created the immigrant investor category.(3) The immigrant investor program(4) allows a qualified investor to obtain a visa if he or she commits $1 million, or $500,000 in targeted areas. The money must be committed to a new enterprise in which the investor is actively involved, and the investment must create ten jobs for U.S. workers.(5) The investor first receives conditional permanent resident status for two years, and then the Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) reviews the enterprise to confirm that jobs have been created and the statutory requirements satisfied.(6) When passing the Immigrant Investor Program, lawmakers were motivated not only by the realization that foreign investment is necessary to the U.S. economy, but also by competition from other countries in attracting foreign capital.(7) Foreign investment affects the U.S. economy in several ways: it increases production capacity, enhances industry growth and competition, raises tax revenue, creates jobs, assists in the financing of the deficit, and introduces new ideas to U.S. businesses. Foreign investment increases the nation's productive capacity by adding assets to the existing capital stock,(8) which enables businesses to grow and modernize.(9) Foreign investors' contributions of assets have significantly enhanced the United States' ability to compete in worldwide industry.(10) Investment from abroad not only aids in business growth and competitiveness, but also generates large amounts of tax revenue in the form of income, sales, excise, property, and other taxes.(11) The more obvious benefits of foreign investment are the millions of U.S. workers employed and the billions of dollars in goods exported into world markets.(12) Perhaps the least recognized benefits are the introduction of new production techniques and new management strategies.(13) In addition, it is argued that foreign investment has stabilized the U.S. economy and has helped finance the trade deficit, allowing U.S. residents to enjoy a higher standard of living without the expected increase in taxes.(14) As Congress recognized in its formulation of different required investment amounts, immigrant entrepreneurs appear to have a special role in economic recovery.(15) Self-employment among immigrants has grown significantly over the last decade and plays a large role in rejuvenating urban neighborhood economies.(16) These immigrant entrepreneurs and their families maintain ties to their homelands that significantly increase export opportunities.(17) In addition, the social cohesion inherent in immigrant communities transfers to economic relationships as immigrant firms begin to integrate and become interdependent, allowing the firms to compete globally.(18) The second motivation for the passage of the Immigrant Investor Provision was the desire to compete with similar programs offered by Canada and Australia. The concept of economic citizenship--granting citizenship or residency status to foreigners who have capital to invest to create jobs in the host country--became the new strategy to attract foreign investment during the 1990s.(19) Immigrant investor programs are expected to facilitate investment flows into the host country and to maintain the capital in the country by offering citizenship to the investors.(20) Both developing and developed countries have begun to use this strategy to attract foreign investment(21) and have focused their efforts on the millionaires fleeing Hong Kong and other parts of Asia.(22) The passage of the investor category in the United States was heralded with lofty promises of millions of dollars of capital infusion and the creation of tens of thousands of jobs. …


chapter 1 Introduction: Overview of the New Binary Paradigm chapter 2 Overview of Binary Economics chapter 3 The New Binary Paradigm: The Great Growth in Productive Capacity and Total Economic Output chapter 4 Conventional Productivity chapter 5 Binary Productiveness chapter 6 Growth, Distribution and Finance chapter 7 The Strategy and Structure of the Binary Economy: The Binary Strategy chapter 8 The Structure of a Binary Economy chapter 9 Binary Growth-the Natural Consequences of a Democratic Private Property System chapter 10 Beyond the Linear Paradigm: Binary Economics is Outside the Linear Paradigm chapter 11 The Choice in Private Property Systems chapter 12 The Broad Beneficial Promise of Binary Economics chapter 13 The Binary Future chapter 14 Binary Bibliography chapter 15 Index chapter 16 Author Biographical Sketches


The aim of the present numerical investigation is to understand the unsteady free convective flow and heat transfer of cold water near its density maximum temperature in a two-dimensional square porous cavity with internal heat generation. The present study uses the Brinkmann-Forchheimer extended Darcy model for porous medium to study the effects of density inversion parameter, heat generation parameter, Darcy number and porosity. The finite volume method is used to solve the governing equations. The nonlinear behavior of local heat transfer is observed due to sinusoidal heating. The heat transfer enhances for heat absorption case than that of heat generation case in the presence of density maximum.


After having described the mathematical background of copula functions we propose a scheme useful to apply a par-ticular family of copulas – the Archimedean copulas – to indemnity payments and loss expenses of an insurance company with the aim of obtaining their joint probability distribution. The joint distribution is used to calculate – via Monte Carlo simulation – the premia of a reinsurance strategy in presence of policy limits and insurer's retentions. Results coming from this strategy are compared with those obtained from the independence hypothesis. We also describe the procedures needed to estimate the parameters of our model. Calculations and estimates are based on a large dataset of an anonymous Italian non-life insurance company. Empirical results show that the correct way to model dependence through copula functions permits to avoid the undervaluation of reinsurance premia. Finally, we observe that the relative simplicity in estimating the right copula from empirical data and the use of algorithms able to be programmed also on a common PC makes this probabilistic instrument easy to be used by insurers and reinsurers to improve their valuation "ability" and to realize more efficient and precise estimation of their assets and liabilities.


As one of the big tributaries of Xijiang river,Youjiang valley is located in the geographical center of the Nanguikun economic zone and crossed by Nankun railway,Nanbai expressway and Youjiang's nautical access.All this provided Youjiang Valley with convenient traffic and obvious superiority in the location. Because of some social and historical reasons,most counties in this valley are national poverty-stricken regions.This paper assayed the spatial economic system and resource distribution and environment condition,offered some countermeasures for the industrialized sustainable development,thereby,for the industrial harmonious development,and then the sustainable development for the whole valley.


The ability to easily access cheap finance is one, if not the, most pressing determinants of a person's ability to achieve some degree of economic and even social independence. This is most significant with respect to housing finance. Loan limits, high interest rates and an unwillingness on the part of the formal financial sector to lend to lower income earners would have doomed this sector of the population to a life of tenancy without co-operative finance schemes such as Starr-Bowkett societies. Starr-Bowketts are co-operative, non-profit financial institutions that provide interest-free loans to their members and operate on the principle of mutual self-help as espoused by Dr T.E. Bowkett in 1843. This paper examines the growth of these societies in New South Wales over the period 1900-30, and considers the impact that the existence of and growth in these societies had on extending the economic capacity of those neglected by the formal financial sector.


Carburized impact specimens of 27 steels were subjected to repeated low-energy impacts. The number of impacts required to propagate a crack through the carburized case was determined for nine air-melted steels. These data were correlated with the single-blow impact fracture stress for each carburized case. The number of impacts required to completely fracture the specimen was determined for all the steels, and was found to depend on both case and core properties. Many of the effects of alloy content on impact fatigue behavior were found to be identical to those influencing impact fracture stress.


1. A process for preparing thiazolidine-sugar conjugate comprising mixing an aminosugar with thiazolidine-carboxylic acid to thereby form a conjugate thiazolidine-sahara.2. A method according to Claim. 1 further comprising a conjugate recovery thiazolidine-sugar reducing agent comprising an alkali metal and an electron source, thereby obtaining the conjugate etilenditsisteina-sahara.3. A method according to Claim. 1, wherein the aminosugar is aminogeksozu or aminopentozu.4. A method according to claim. 3, characterized in that aminogeksoza represents amino derivative of glucose, galactose, mannose, idose, talose, altrose, allose, gulose or fruktozy.5. A method according to claim. 4, wherein the aminogeksoza represents glyukozamin.6. A method according to claim. 3, characterized in that the amino compound is aminopentoza ribose, xylose, arabinose or liksozy.7. The method of claim. 1, characterized in that the amino sugar is a sugar having an amino group located at the 2 'position sahara.8. The method of claim. 1, characterized in that the hydroxyl groups are zaschischennymi.9 aminosugar. A method according to claim. 8, characterized in that the amino sugar is a 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-2-amino-α-D-glucopyranose gidrohlorid.10. The method of claim. 1, characterized in that the mixing is performed in an organic rastvoritele.11. The method of claim. 10, characterized in that the organic solvent is dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, dioxane, methanol, ethanol, hexane, methylene chloride, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran or smes.12. A method according to claim. 2, further comprising the purification of the conjugate thiazolidine-sugar before vosstanovleniem.13. The method of claim. 12, characterized in that the kon


which Dr. Baumgartel bases her conclusions 'that the Na~iidali II people had been influenced by an incised pottery culture corresponding to that of the so-called Uruk period in Mesopotamia .. .' (p. 79) is very slight. In western Asia pottery decorated with incisions varies enormously both in technique and shape and can belong to widely different periods. While, as Miss Seton-Williams has shown in Iraq, IO, I (Neolithic Burnished Wares in the Near East), the early burnished wares with incised decoration have certain well-marked characteristics in common, comparisons between western Asia and Egypt based solely on shape or incised patterns must be suspect, and it is unwise to use such criteria as evidence for chronological theories. Again, in the section on stone bowls, the author attempts to solve chronological problems by making typological comparisons between Egyptian and Asiatic stone vases. But evidence of this nature is liable to be inconclusive and as unsatisfactory as theories based solely on the typology of metal weapons. Stone vases were not as easily destructible as pottery and, as the author herself states (p. 45), 'may survive their period for a considerable time. A squat stone vase of Na~iidah II forms part of the treasury of St. Mark's, Venice!• Few will dispute Dr. Baumgartel's conclusion that Na~iidah II must be contemporaneous with the Jamdat Na~r period in Mesopotamia, but when she states (p. 106) that 'among the I8 vases found at Arpakhiya [sic] IO represent types familiar from Egyptian material' and then postulates a connexion between the Egyptian types dating from the first three dynasties and the Arpachiyah examples of the Halaf period, the fallacious nature o~ this line of argument becomes apparent. For Dr. Baumgartel then attempts to fit the typological similarities into a scheme of Egyptian chronology, and in order to do this it is suggested that the Arpachiyah dating should be lowered; but in fact the associations of the prehistoric Assyrian stone vases are perfectly clear, and do not conflict with any stratigraphical evidence from other Mesopotamian sites. Recent evidence from Eridu has stressed the immense period of time which must have elapsed between the Halaf and the Jamdat N~r periods-an important point which is ignored by the author. In the latter period we are on safe ground. The archaeological evidence is well known; the high-prowed boats, recessed buildings, and cylinder seals point to some sort of connexion between Egypt and Mesopotamia. But much remains to be done before we can reconstruct the history of the earlier periods, and we need more certain facts based on sound stratigraphical evidence before we can build any sure foundation of knowledge. Let us hope that facts will soon be forthcoming to supplement Dr. Baumgartel's study. K. R. MAXWELL-HYSLOP


Most of the necessary equipment can be found in commercially available kits. These kits typically include skin-preparation solution and a drape, lidocaine, sterile gauze, non-Luer lock syringes, a scalpel, a catheter, a dilator, several needles, and a guidewire. You will also need a sterile gown, sterile gloves, a surgical cap, a mask with a face shield, and drapes to cover the patient's entire body. Flush solution is also not commonly found in the kits. Determine the catheter length and depth of placement by referring to the patient's external landmarks. The tip of the catheter should reach the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium. Common catheters used range from 4-French catheters for infants to 7-French catheters for adults; 11.5-French catheters may be used for dialysis. Because the risk of infection increases with an increasing number of lumens, a catheter with the fewest number of lumens required should be used. p r E p a r a t I o n


OBJECTIVE
To study the inhibitory effect of wasp gut fungus against the radicle growth of Amaranthus retroflexus for the development of herbicides from microorganisms.

METHODS
Eleven strains were isolated from wasp gut. Among them the fermentation broth of strain MF06 showed potent herbicidal activity against A. retroflexus. MF06 was identified by morphological observation and molecular biology identification. Fermentation product was isolated and purified by silica column chromatography, TLC and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Metabolite 1 was obtained from fermentation product, and the inhibitory effect of metabolite 1 against the radicle growth of A. retrofexus was studied. The structure was determined by mass spectrum and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses.

RESULTS
By the morphological observation and ITS sequence analysis, MF06 was identified as Fusarium oxysporum. The ethyl acetate extract of MF06 had strong activity against A. retrofexus with inhibition rate of more than 68% under the concentration of 100 μg/mL. It is better than other polarities crude extracts. Metabolite 1 was separated from ethyl acetate extract, and it was determined as a mixture of fusaric acid and 9 ,10-dehydrofusaric acid. The mixture is co-crystallizing in a 1:1 molar stoichiometry. It inhibited radical growth of A. retroflexus with IC50 value of (0.51 ± 0.18) μg/mL, comparable to that of 2-( 2,4- dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (0.30 ± 0.14 μg/mL) used as a positive control.

CONCLUSION
Strain MF06 could be potentially developed as a microbial herbicide.


To the Editor:

I thoroughly enjoyed the superb historical perspective article on aspirin by Miner and Hoffhines.1 They described in detail the discovery of aspirin's antithrombotic effects and mentioned Felix Hoffman's role in creating acetylsalicylic acid and naming it aspirin. To make their article more complete, I wish to describe briefly the origin of the word "aspirin."

Aspirin was originally a trademark name that required a capital "A," given by the German company Bayer to its preparation of acetylsalicylic acid.2 Salicylic acid was first extracted from the plant Spiraea ulmaria, and the principal component of this extract was known by the German term spiroylige Saure, which was later shortened to Spirsaure.2 An "A," to designate acetyl, was added to "spir," and this was followed by the suffix "-in".2 Thus, the name aspirin was born.

Aspirin, which was originally a proper noun, later became a common noun, so the initial letter was no longer capitalized. The word has now joined the general language, in the company of many other well-known proper nouns that are no longer proper.3,4 I published a partial list of these in 1997.3

Over the years, I have discovered a few more and have accumulated a small list of scientific proper names that I would like to share with your readers. The list is as follows:

bunsen burner (after Robert Bunsen, 1811–1899)

caesarean section (after Julius Caesar, 100–44 BC)

celsius (after A. Celsius, 1701–1744)

curie (after Marie Curie, 1867–1934)

doppler (after Christian Johann Doppler, 1803–1853)

fahrenheit (after G.D. Fahrenheit, 1686–1736)

galenical (after Claudius Galenus, 130–200)

galvanization (after Luigi Galvani, 1737–1798)

gauss (after Karl-Friedrich Gauss, 1777–1855; 10,000 gauss = 1 tesla, vide infra)

hertz (after Heinrich Rudolph Hertz, 1857–1894)

kaolin (after the Chinese place of that name, meaning "high hill"— where the claylike silicate of aluminum was first found)

kelvin (after Baron William Thompson Kelvin, 1824–1907)

marconigram (after Guglielmo Marconi, 1874–1937)

masochism (after Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, 1836–1895)

mercury (after the deity in Roman mythology, the god of science)

mesmerism (after F.A. Mesmer, 1734–1815)

narcissism (after the mythical Narcissus)

pasteurization (after Louis Pasteur, 1822–1895)

petri dish (after J.R. Petri, 1852–1921)

roentgenogram (after Wilhem Konrad Roentgen, 1845–1923)

sadism (after Alphonse Francois de Sade, 1740–1814)

seltzer (truncated version of the German Selterser-wasser, named for its origin in the village of Selters near Wiesbaden)

stent (after the London dentist Thomas Stent [?], 1845–1901)

tesla (after Nikola Tesla, 1856–1943)

I am sure your readers can think of many more such instances, and I would welcome their contributions to my list. I have placed a question mark after the explanation for "stent," because not every interventional cardiologist agrees to this interpretation.5

Tsung O. Cheng, MD

Professor of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037


Senegal has a relative low prevalence of HIV (1.4) compared to other African countries and it was estimated at the end of 2000 that about 80000 persons were infected with HIV. Since 1998 the Senegalese Initiative for Access to Anti-Retrovirals (ISAARV) has been providing diagnostic testing treatment and prevention of opportunistic infections biological monitoring and antiretroviral treatment to people living with HIV/AIDS in an initial pilot phase in Dakar expanding to 9 of the 11 regions of the country in 2003 and planning to expand to all 11 regions by the end of 2004. These services will be offered through the regional hospitals. USAID has commissioned a survey to evaluate the logistics system for commodities in the context of ISAARV to recommend improvements to the system in order to ensure long term quality service delivery on a national scale. Due to the clear link between HIV and TB the distribution system for TB medication and lab supplies will also be evaluated. Additionally due to the recent changes in malaria treatment policy this opportunity is to be used to assess availability of anti-malarials. RPM Plus was requested by USAID-Senegal to provide technical input to the survey in collaboration with other partners namely MSH and FHI. The objective of the survey is to evaluate the logistics and distribution systems for HIV/AIDS TB and malaria commodities within the context of ISAARV PNLT and PNLP and make recommendations for improvement and possibly integration of systems. (excerpt)


Wall materials play an important role in heat conservation for Chinese solar greenhouses.External climatic conditions were used here as inputs in simulations of the temperature environments for layered wall,brick wall and polystyrene foam plate(PFP)wall greenhouses with a span of 12 meters.The predicted wall temperature profiles agreed well with existing experimental results.External climatic conditions measured on Feb.18,2004 were used as the input, with the predicted maximum air temperature for the layered wall greenhouse 0.8℃higher than that for the brick wall greenhouse and that for the layered wall greenhouse 1.0℃higher than that for the PFP wall greenhouse.The thermal sources in the three types of greenhouses in the morning before the felt insulation was rolled up off consisted of the inside layer of brick and part of the insulating layer for the layered wall.Temperature of one third of the inside wall for the brick wall was higher than air temperature inside the greenhouse.The wall temperatures inside the layered wall,the brick wall and the PFP wall were below the air temperature inside the greenhouses during the day with the thermal blanket unrolled.The model accurately predicts the air temperatures inside greenhouses with various kinds of walls,so it can be used to select wall structures based on the temperature profiles inside different walls.


Spray droplet deposition on C. chinense leaves was observed to vary according to the vertical position of the leaf on the plant canopy. The mean number of droplets was highest and lowest on leaves located in the upper and lower third of the plant canopy, respectively. B. tabaci mortality due to Aza-Direct-treated leaves was not significantly influenced by cardinal direction. However, the location of the sprayed leaf (upper, middle or lower third of canopy) along the vertical axis had a strong influence on B. tabaci mortality. Mean B. tabaci mortality on sprayed leaves in the middle third of the canopy was 6.20% higher and significantly different from that on leaves in the lower third. The age of the Aza-Direct residue also had an influence on the mortality of B. tabaci adults, with highest and lowest mortality being recorded on leaves located in the upper and lower third of the plant canopy, respectively. Adult B. tabaci mortality generally decreased with increasing Aza-Direct residue age. Degradation of Aza-Direct residues was most rapid on the upper leaves and was 1.4 times faster than that on the leaves on the lower third of the plant canopy while it was 1.1 times as fast on the middle leaves.


This issue of SIGEcom Exchanges has two articles coming from the First Workshop on Mechanism Design for Social Good, which took place at EC in 2017. A survey by Scott Kominers is based on the keynote he gave there, which overviews recent examples of market design in the realm of social good improvement. The workshop's organizers, Rediet Abebe and Kira Goldner, contributed a report that summarizes each keynote and contributed talk at the workshop.


Combustion-safeguarding technology has a history of 170 years in U. S. A. We have studied those U. L. and F. M. recommendation. Japan Gas Association published two kinds of technical standard, "Recommended Good Practice for Combustion-safeguarding on Gasfired Equipment and on Gasfired-boilers. "The Practice are very similar to F. M. and U. L standards. The practice consists of 10 fundamental principles, such as: loss preventing construction, fuel shut off and lock out methods in an emergency, prepurging methods for starting etc. The practice are limited only fundamental problems, and also economical design. It can be easy. to apply This pracice have three purposes;(1) the practice for burners, furnaces, and boilers manufacturers.(2) the practice for those who operate furnaces or boilers.(3) the practice for combustion engineers of Gas Co. in Japan.


The mechanism of local amplifying on attenuation of ground vibration from urban rail traffic is deal with by Zheng et al (2011). The vertical vibrations on ground points of a model with single soil layer overlaid on elastic half-space is calculated with transfer matrix method in frequency domain. The results show that the amplification could be simulated well by the calculation, and the location and degree of the amplification are governed by the ratio between shear modulus of the the overburden layer and the half space , the thickness and damping ratio of soil layers. It is further pointed out in this paper that the most significant factor is the impedance ratio at the buried velocity interface. Then the mechanics is explained as the meeting of the directly arriving surface wave and the reflected and refracted waves from the interface.


The situation of credit lack confronting northeast old industrial base is grave.Inproveing credit system is a important move to build a harmonious socialist society and a important guarantee of the economic dcvelvpment of northeast old industrial base.So the innovation of credit system is extremely important.Only by building good individual credit system,enterpnises' credit system and governments' credit system can northeast region provide necessary guarantee for revilalizing the northeast old industrial base.


The N-octadecanoyl-L-alanine Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) films deposited from aqueous subphases containing metal ions (Ag+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, and La3+) at their intrinsic pH values are investigated by use of FTIR spectroscopy. The results indicate that hydrogen bond and metal complex play an important role in the molecular structures and phase behaviors of the metal complex LB films. The condensing effects of Ag+ and Zn2+ ions give rise to an increase in the intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions between adjacent molecules. A preference of chelating bidentate is formed between these metal ions and carboxylate groups. The hydrocarbon chains in silver and zinc complex LB films take a biaxial orientation. The two LB films exhibit the thermal behavior of "glass transition", which results from a gradual thermal dissociation of the enhanced intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions over a wide temperature range. While, the expanding effects of Ca2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, and La3+ ions lead to the occurrence of ...


Mobilita, circolazione e radicamento: una storia di sedentarizzazione in Borgogna - The paper presents the history of a group of Voyageurs adopting a sedentary lifestyle in Burgundy. It describe this sedentarization process by focusing on the group's special features, namely the paradox of their deep local rootedness (their search for respectability, their self-identification with the local middle class, their economic success) associated with an economic organization implying families' mobility for antiques and bric-a-brac trade.


A recently derived Reissner inspired mixed formulation technique based on the effect of transverse shear stresses was used to present an alternative theory for modeling the important threedimensional structural aspects of plates in a two-dimensional form. In the present study, the effect of including normal transverse stresses is quantified. The model is enhanced by integrating the classical Cauchy's equilibrium equations with respect to the thickness co-ordinate, and enforcing continuity of shear and normal stresses at each ply interface. Two modified coupled partial differential equations in two variables, transverse displacement and bending moment are shown to condense to a single sixth order ordinary differential equation in transverse displacement subject to general loading. Transverse normal deformation is captured by incorporating second and fourth order differential terms of the transverse pressure into the governing field equation. Generalized shear correction factors are presented. The theory degenerates to classical composite plate analysis for thin configurations. Predominance of newly included terms is observed when the thickness becomes comparable with the span dimensions.


To analyze and evaluate the impact of preoperative transcatheter rectal arterial chemoembolization (TRACE) with concurrent chemoradiotherapy on surgery and prognosis of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC).


Despite the increased educational exposure to point‐of‐care ultrasound (US) at all levels of medical training, there are utilization gaps between academic and nonacademic emergency department (ED) settings. The purpose of this study was to assess the current practices and potential barriers to the use of point‐of‐care US in nonacademic EDs throughout the state of Arizona.


The invention discloses a novel aircraft carrier. The aircraft carrier consists of a plurality of 'unit platform ships'. Each unit platform ship consists of a structural platform of certain area (such as 30 meters * 20 meters), a closed buoyancy ship, a steering gearwheel and a steering pinion. A motor propeller is arranged at the tail of the closed buoyancy ship. The aircraft carrier is propelled to sail by means of the motor propeller, and the sailing direction is adjusted by means of the steering gearwheel and the steering pinion. The novel aircraft carrier not only can land an aircraft, but also can be used for installing various weapons and military supplies comprising short-range guided missiles and antimissiles. The combined platform ship for the aircraft carrier can also be used for establishing a sea military base, exploiting submarine oil, developing various marine resources and strengthening sea trade with every country in the world and the like.


Our SEM and microscopic studies of specimens of Pseudoacanthocephalus lutzi (Hamann, 1891) collected from the Peru coast toad Chaunus limensis Werner, 1901 (Bufonidae) in Peru provide the first description of Peruvian material and shed new light on its external morphology and internal structures. The dermal micropores pitted proboscis hooks and anterior trunk collar are described for the first time. Pseudoacanthocephalus lutzi (syns. Echinorhynchus lutzi Hamann, 1891; Acanthocephalus lutzi (Hamann, 1891) Meyer, 1932; Acanthocephalus saopaulensis Smales, 2007; Pseudoacanthocephalus saopaulensis (Smales, 2007) Arredondo and Gil de Pertierra, 2009) has undergone a number of taxonomic name changes. Descriptions varied especially in the proboscis armature, cement gland number, extension of lemnisci, and egg size. They were, however, within the acceptable range of intraspecific variations of P. lutzi. These variations were at the root of describing conspecific taxa as new species or relegation to other genera. Anuracanthorhynchus lutzi Bursey and Goldberg, 2007 from Costa Rica is not P. lutzi but is another species. Comparisons with specimens from Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay are also made.


The National Ignition Facility, the world's largest laser system, was dedicated at a ceremony on May 29, 2009 at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. These are the remarks by Norm Pattiz, the chairman of Lawrence Livermore National Security, which manages Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy.


The aim of the study was to study the physiological changes of teeth according to the Gustafson's criteria and to estimate the age according to these physiological changes. The study was carried out in the department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery Jaipur Dental College Jaipur. Cases received for extraction. The armamentarium used in this study is Electric lathe, Carborundum stone (rough and smooth), Alcohol and Xylene, Formalin, Microscope and slides. On comparing the means of both the calculated age and the actual age, it was observed that the difference between them was statistically significant except in the age group of 40-50 years group. On calculating the age mean error was found to be ± 4.86.


Abstract Isocarpha has five species distributed in North America, Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, and South America. In Brazil, three species occur in the Caatinga and Cerrado phytogeographic domains. During the taxonomic treatment of the species from the Eupatorieae tribe, a new species of Isocarpha was discovered for the Northeast of Brazil, in the Caatinga domain. Isocarpha spathulata is distinguished from other species of the genus by an ovate to widely-ovate or ovate-rhombic leaf blade, a sessile to subsessile capitulum that is one to two mm long, a spathulate palea with a rounded apex, 36–40 flowers, a persistent stylopodium, and an annuliform or inconspicuous carpopodium. Morphological description, illustration, distribution map, conservation status, and an identification key for Isocarpha taxa are presented herein.


The Songhua Stone is formed in a special geologic setting, which has a long history and civilization. It used to a special inkstone as "imperial inkstone" and "written instructions". The main basic characteristics of the Songhua Stone, formational environment, distribution, developing state are introduced in this paper.


Obstacle avoidance of autonomous sailboats is a complicated task due to big inertia, highly nonlinear motion of sailboat and uncertain disturbance from wind and water current. To deal with the obstacle avoidance problem of autonomous sailboats, we promote a novel method based on reinforcement learning with coarse-to-fine strategy. In this strategy, coarse stage is used to detect the autonomous sailboat roughly in the test environment. Then fine stage is applied to localize the autonomous sailboat accurately. Hereby, the avoidance performance is improved by the transition from coarse to fine. We have verified our algorithms both in simulation and real experiments. With our method, the sailboat avoids the obstacle in higher precision than the method without the coarse-to-fine strategy. The final success rate of obstacle avoidance is near 83% and the rate of reaching goal is 70%. Both simulation results and experiments show that our method is effective.


Design and manipulation of curves and surfaces are required in many different areas of technology, for example in the definition of products such as cars and the casings for electrical devices. Fourier methods have long been used in image processing but have seen much less use in computer aided design (CAD). This paper suggests the use of Fourier methods for the generation of blends, which provide smooth transitions between model surfaces, and fairings, which smooth large regions of the surface of an object. A description is given of the use of Fourier methods to allow predictable and simple control over curved shape in a two- dimensional system, and results of the system are presented and analyzed. This allows informed assertions to be made regarding the extension to a surface smoothing system, which, at the time of writing, has not been developed. In particular we note that under certain circumstances the Fourier smoothing methods reduce to spline production, and the connection with spline theory is made clear where applicable.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.


This paper discusses the challenges and possible policy options for the regulation of electronic identity (eIdentity). Policy-oriented literature has often focused on technological solutions, and while this interest is warranted, much less has been said on the regulatory challenges and possible solutions arising directly from developments in eIdentity. In this context, we distinguish five main challenges for policymakers: eIdentity as a new legal category, issues related to identity rights, changing role of governments, developments in the eIdentity industry, and proliferation of identity management systems. We analyse these five challenges as they apply to two use cases, Augmented ID and Pinch Analytics, which highlight some practical problems for consumers that have emerged as a result of new concepts of eIdentity. We conclude by discussing possible policy options such as driving the development of a single regulatory market, supporting the development of common standards, enhancing cross-border legislation, defining a clear incentive framework for companies, and uniformly implementing existing legislation.


The article presents the data of the experimental investigation of the interdependence between schoolchildren's touch and sight. The peculiarities of intermodal transference of information, the differences between touch and sight perception have been analysed. It has been stated: having, joined the two analysers – the sight and the touch – in the process of perception the results of perception in many cases are much better.


Oral compositions containing capsules are provided to improve stability of capsules by ionic-crosslinking the defects of capsules resulted by decomposition with multiple anions, and control the release rate of effective ingredients and perfumes in the capsules. An oral composition contains capsules contains 1-5 wt.% of at least one multiple anion having molecular weight of 400 dalton or less which is selected from phosphate selected from ortho-phosphate, pyrophosphate and tripolyphosphate, multiple carboxylic acid selected from citric acid, maleic cid, succinic acid, tartaric acid and glutaric acid and metal salt thereof, and has pH 5-9 regulated by acid or base, wherein the capsules are prepared by the coacervation method comprising inserting olive oil, gelatin and arabic gum in water, and regulating pH to envelop the oil emulsion with the polymer coating of gelatin and arabic gum.


The present research paper has been made an attempt in to analyses an assessment impact of irrigation on cropping pattern in Solapur district with special reference of case studies in sample villages. This study is based on primary data collected from questionnaire and personal interview methods. The Physical, climatologically, socio-economic, technological, organizational factors, and farmer's attitude, etc. determinants closely influenced on the cropping pattern in study region, but in the study area irrigation is an important determinant affected on the cropping pattern. The collected data regarding area under different crops has been computed with the help of Weaver's Minimum Positive Deviation Method of cropping pattern. It has observed that the more variations in the cropping pattern in village to village in study area. In the study area the village are found to two crop combination of Mundhewadi their identify and the number of crops in the basic combination as SW (SugarcaneWheat) and the Ten crop combination obtained in the village of Jainwadi their identify the number of ten crop combination as SMPWGnFVGBaJ (SugarcaneMaizePomegranateWheatA. J. Barakade, B. M. Sule An Assessment Impact of Irrigation on Cropping Pattern in Solapur District with Special Reference of Case Study in Sample Selected Villages EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. II, Issue 3 / June 2014 3315 GroundnutFodderVegetablesGrapeBajaraJowar). Present study gives an idea of realsituation of cropping patternin village level and helps to minimize the village level inequalities and helpful for proper planning of the agricultural practices to the farmers. Also helps to planners, agricultural scientists and research scholars.


OBJETIVE: Demonstrate the presence and magnitude of biomechanical variables during gait in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis (OA) and the relationship with the knee loading. METHODS: Gait of 21 subjects diagnosed with medial knee OA was evaluated and compared to the control group. RESULTS: The group with OA showed: Lower gait speed (0.8 ± 0.1 vs. 1.1 ± 0.1m/s), higher peak early (2.6 ± 1.2 vs. 0.3 ± 1.4 Nm/Kg) and late peak of the adduction moment (1.8 ± 0.7 vs. 0.9 ± 0.2 Nm/Kg), higher peak flexor moment (1.6 ± 0.9 vs. 0.6 ± 0.4 Nm/Kg) , high dynamic peak varus (11.5 ± 8.3 vs. 3o ± 3.9), higher peak flexion (15.6o ± 8 vs. 9.3o to ± 4.1), with a flexion tendency (5.5 o ± 8.5) in the stance phase, smaller peak of flexion (58.7o ± 13.3 vs. 67.5 o ± 4.8) in the balance phase and and higher peaks of external rotation (25.5o ± 12.7 vs. 0.5o ± 22.4). CONCLUSION: Patients with medial knee OA show changes in gait with increased external rotation, speed reduction, increased flexor moment and flexion in the stance phase, insufficient for reduction of the load. Level of Evidence III, Case Control Study.


Evidence indicates that ACE2, a member of the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS), is critical in counterbalancing the adverse effects associated with a hyperactive RAS. This led us to hypothesize that stimulation of endogenous ACE2 activity is beneficial against hypertension. In this study we employed a novel drug discovery strategy to identify small molecules that enhance ACE2 activity. We analyzed the open and closed crystal structures of ACE2 and used virtual screening techniques to select compounds targeted to molecular surface sites remote from the active site. Functional testing was performed in a fluorogenic peptide assay. Two compounds targeted to the same surface site were found to enhance ACE2 activity 2‐fold in vitro in a dose‐dependent manner, while ACE activity was unaffected. A pilot study was subsequently initiated to determine the effect of the compounds on blood pressure (BP) in the spontaneous hypertensive rat (SHR). Chronic treatment at an infusion rate of 200 ng/Kg/min via osmotic minipumps for 28 days did not significantly affect basal BP. Acute administration of 10mg/Kg of compound to conscious SHRs, however, did produce a transient and robust fall in BP (100 mmHg). Collectively, these observations demonstrate that structure‐based screening is a valid and efficient approach for identifying lead compounds that could influence ACE2 activity in vitro and in vivo.


Fertilizer inputs are currently being reduced in many areas (Commission, European Communities, 1992) and the resultant drop in pasture fertility will reduce the stock carrying capacity. As a consequence, individual plants will be defoliated less frequently (Curll and Wilkins, 1982) and less nitrogen will be deposited as urine (Thomas et al., 1988), thus influencing plant competition and composition. Research to date has concentrated on the effects of grazing on above-ground aspects, and it has recently been stated that 'the effects of herbivory on the timing, mass and quality of below-ground inputs remains one of the greatest unresolved issues of the dynamics of nutrient cycling' (Ruess and Seagle, 1994). The soil microbiota in grasslands consists of populations of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, nematodes, and microand macroarthropod groups (Ingham and Detling, 1986). These all rely for their growth, at least in part, on carbon or nitrogen substrates via litter, root production, sloughage and exudation. Figure 4.1 illustrates the main links in the detrital trophic food web and shows the primary role of plant roots, the connectivity and some of the many trophic interactions. Although nearly all soil organisms belong to the detrital food web, significant numbers of root herbivores exist in grassland soil (Curry, 1994), also relying on plant roots for their survival. Any alteration in plant-derived carbon, such as through defoliation, will have consequences at many levels in the food web (Fig. 4.1). Since microbial activity, supported in part by root-derived carbon, drives soil nutrient cycling, the production and use of carbon from root systems is also a key issue in the functioning of soil ecosystems (van Veen et al., 1989). 4


In this paper a syndrome based Low SNR early termination (Low SNR ET) scheme for Turbo decoding is presented. The scheme is based only on hard decision binary computations and is therefore easy to realize. While Low SNR ET is a general principle that can be applied in various scenarios, the focus of this work is on its application in the Long Term Evolution (LTE) system. It is shown that Low SNR ET is in particular very effective for typical LTE scenarios and that the proposed scheme can reduce the decoding iterations by about one third.


In wireless sensor networks (WSNs) improving the lifetime of sensor nodes is directly related to the energy efficiency of computation and communication operations in the sensor nodes. Compressive sensing (CS) theory suggests a new way of sensing the signal with a much lower number of linear measurements as compared to the conventional case provided that the underlying signal is sparse. This result has implications on WSN energy efficiency and prolonging network lifetime. This paper is basically designed to suggest how WSN network can be improved in terms of efficiency. As clustering also plays an important role in energy consumption in WSN. If proper clustering is not done then the energy consumption of all nodes will increased due to improper clustering and overload. So in this paper first part covers the clustering in terms of its advantages, its parameters and various algorithms of clustering. The second part is about enhancing energy of WSN.


Based on a series of interviews with the oldest inhabitants that have become benchmarks in the sector over the years, research is initiated to learn about the main transformations the neighborhood has undergone during these almost seven decades. The approach is made through the oral accounts in the absence of bibliographical bases that we feel precedents of the history of El Socorro neighborhood, Los Angeles sector in La Comuna 13 of Medellin. The key aspects in this process are identified and the characters of this story are protagonists and key pieces to understand why the name of 'Agony', the organization of houses and inhabitants in space and as a community through of teamwork, treats and the creation of the Community Action Board. It is in this way that we create a story of our own and together with those who live there, who identify us and bring us closer to that, our history that we remember in everyday conversations, now as a document about the memory of our people and our territory.


Dr J. H. Plumb'S recent paper to the Royal Historical Society produced positive proof that the 'lords of the committee' of the early eighteenth century were simply the members of the cabinet when meeting by themselves in Whitehall instead of in the presence of the queen at one of the royal palaces.1 With this identification now certain, an investigation is possible into those specialist sub-committees which appear to have been responsible for naval and military affairs at various times under Anne, and about which, in Dr Plumb's own words, 'further evidence would be invaluable'.2 One such body was the 'committee of council which sits at the war-office ', the existence of which is attested by two letters of 1711 from Henry St John, then secretary of state, to the duke of Marlborough.3 Almost nothing has been discovered about this committee, although its existence has been well known to historians for more than fifty years,4 but now a search of war-office and other records has produced sufficient evidence for the committee to be identified and its membership, procedure, function, and history ascertained.


In order to understand the growth law of oil-tea camellia seedlings and to take technical measures to breed,the paper made a comprehensive study of the seedling height,ground diameter and leaf number of oil-tea camellia under four kinds of nursery substrata,and of the difference of growth increment between the different nursery substrata.Results show that the change trend of growth is homogeneous,but it plays a different role in the growth of seedling height,ground diameter and leaf number;that for seedling height,peat soil is the best and red loam comes the next,for ground diameter,red loam is the best and peat soil comes the next and for leaf number,peat soil is the best,and red loam with nutrient soil named "zhidele" comes the next;and that in a growth season,the law of monthly increment of seedling height and leaf number is "fast-slow-fast-slow-stop" while the monthly increment of ground diameter is relatively stable.A correlation study shows that there is a highly significant,positive correlation among the seedling height,ground diameter and leaf number,and accordingly,a series of growth models are established.


The temperature field and the relation between surface temperature of the insulation layer and its damped thickness are calculated by finite element method.The results indicate that for a heat insulation material the surface temperature and heat losing of pipeline will increase with its damped insulation layer thickness increase,and it will exceed permissibility when the thickness reaches its 50%.At last,the temperature field of ship steam pipeline caused by mangled heat insulation layer and the relations between the surface temperature increase and the flawed thickness are calculated,and those are validated by infrared imaging picture.The gist for infrared diagnosis of heat insulation layer is offered.


The E3 ligase HOIL-1 forms ester bonds in vitro between ubiquitin and serine/threonine residues in proteins. Here, we exploit UbiSite technology to identify serine and threonine residues undergoing HOIL-1 catalysed ubiquitylation in macrophages stimulated with R848, an activator of the TLR7/8 heterodimer. We identify Thr12, Thr14, Ser20 and Thr22 of ubiquitin as amino acid residues forming ester bonds with the C-terminal carboxylate of another ubiquitin molecule, increasing from 8 to 12 the different types of ubiquitin dimer formed in cells. We also identify Ser175 of IRAK4, Ser136, Thr163 and Ser168 of IRAK2 and Thr141 of MyD88 as further sites of HOIL-1-catalysed ubiquitylation together with lysine residues in these proteins that also undergo R848-dependent ubiquitylation. These findings establish that the ubiquitin chains attached to components of myddosomes are initiated by both ester and isopeptide bonds. Ester bond formation takes place within the proline, serine, threonine-rich (PST) domains of IRAK2 and IRAK4 and the intermediate domain of MyD88. The ubiquitin molecules attached to Lys162, Thr163 and Ser168 of IRAK2 are attached to different IRAK2 molecules.


The invention discloses a nut image detection device, which comprises a cabinet body and a control column. The upper half part of the cabinet body is provided with a cabinet door; the cabinet body is internally provided with camera supports; one end of one camera support is provided with a camera, one end of which is provided with a lens; a bridge is arranged under the lens; the bridge is provided with an origin trigger photoelectricity unit; the side surface of one camera support is provided with adjusting knobs; one side wall of the cabinet body is provided with a displayer; the cabinet body is provided with the control column in the middle; the control column is provided with an embedded keyboard; and the left side of the embedded keyboard is provided with a power startup button, a selection start button, a lighting lamp button and an emergency stop button. When an emergency stop is needed in the operation process, the emergency stop button is pressed down in time and any operation of the machine stops; the lower half part of the cabinet body is provided with heat dissipation holes; the side surface of the cabinet body is provided with a nameplate; and the nameplate is marked with a part of parameters of the device.


New lines of understanding and self expression are two facets of drama which are useful in teaching reading and writing. Techniques of creative drama offer an engaging way of enforcing writing process concepts. Drama can be a vehicle to get listening, speaking, reading and writing to interact in a creative and holistic way. Curricular objectives in using creative drama include developing creativity, inventiveness, curiosity, questioning skills and self-perception. Guided imagery is one dramatic technique which can be used as a prereading experience, a prewriting or brainstorming experience, as the beginning of the writing process, and to develop listening and speaking skills. Steps in guided imagery include: (1) breathing exercises; (2) setting the stage; (3) use of words suggesting the 5 senses; and (4) debriefing. Allowing students to use their imaginations through guided imagery can foster new ideas, which aids the development of communication skills, both oral and written. Contains 11 references. (EF) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Using Creative Drama in the Writing and Reading Process. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) 1:1 This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to . 1improve reproduction quality. Cr) Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent kr) official OERI position or policy. C/) C.) by Lode A. Annarella


We show that large amplitude coherent acoustic phonon wave packets can be generated and detected in ${\mathrm{In}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{N}∕\mathrm{GaN}$ epilayers and heterostructures in femtosecond pump-probe differential reflectivity experiments. The amplitude of the coherent phonon increases with increasing indium fraction $x$ and unlike other coherent phonon oscillations, both amplitude and period are strong functions of the laser probe energy. The amplitude of the oscillation is substantially and almost instantaneously reduced when the wave packet reaches a GaN-sapphire interface below the surface indicating that the phonon wave packets are useful for imaging below the surface. A theoretical model is proposed which fits the experiments well and helps to deduce the strength of the phonon wave packets. Our model shows that localized coherent phonon wave packets are generated by the femtosecond pump laser in the epilayer near the surface. The wave packets then propagate through a GaN layer changing the local index of refraction and, as a result, modulate the reflectivity of the probe beam. Our model correctly predicts the experimental dependence on probe wavelength as well as epilayer thickness.


Saeed Ketabi and Mohammad Ali Ayatollahi, IranSaeed Ketabi is the head of English Department at the University of Isfahan, Iran.Mohammad Ali Ayatollahi is a PhD candidate at University of Isfahan, Iran.E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com is Ludwig Wittgenstein?What are the major concepts in Wittgenstein's philosophy?How can second language teaching be inspired by Wittgenstein's philosophy?What insights can language teachers get from Wittgenstein's philosophy for vocabularyinstruction?What vocabulary instruction strategies are congruent with Wittgenstein's philosophy?ConclusionsReferencesAbstractThis paper is an attempt to touch upon the major concepts in Wittgenstein's philosophy oflanguage in order to find whether it has any relevance to the way vocabulary is taught andpracticed in EFL/ESL contexts. First, It briefly introduces the main concepts inWittgenstein's philosophy such as 'meaning as use' 'language games', 'rule-following','family resemblance', 'private language', 'grammar', and 'forms of life'. Then, it discussesthe general pedagogical implications of this philosophy. Finally, it provides some specificguidelines for vocabulary instruction in EFL/ESL contexts.Who is Ludwig Wittgenstein?Born in 1889, Ludwig Josef Wittgenstein is considered to be one of the most influentialphilosophers of the twentieth century. His relevance to language learning is mostly due tohis posthumously published book Philosophical Investigations, which is an attempt todescribe the nature of language and language learning from a philosophical point of view.To him language learning and indeed the language per se can only be understood in thecontext of human life and purposes it is put to rather than as a logical system.Wittgenstein's philosophy is relevant to the field of second language teaching in two ways.First, questioning the usefulness of viewing language as a logical system, Wittgensteinprovides us with alternative view where language and language learning are viewed as theend product of socialization, which obviously has implications for teaching methodologistsas well as language teachers. Second, as will be argued in this paper some concepts in hisphilosophy such as "meaning as use", "family resemblance", and "language games" areparticularly relevant to vocabulary instruction and learning.


Milk is a vital constituent of the human diet. It is a rich source of high biological value protein and essential minerals like calcium, phosphorus and potassium. It has protective effects against many acute and chronic diseases. Milk gives comparatively rapid returns to small scale livestock keepers. Huge quantity of milk is produced by small farmers in developing countries like Pakistan and it is expected that demand for milk will increase by 25 percent by 2025. Pakistan is the world's fifth- largest producer of milk and produces about 60 million metric ton of milk in a year. Only 6 percent of milk is being pasteurized. Livestock sector in Pakistan contributes 11.10 percent to Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Approximately 35 million households in rural areas are associated with the profession of dairy industry in Pakistan. Pasteurized milk is much better than raw milk because pasteurization is a preventive measure of public health significance as it makes the milk safe for human use. The main objective of this study was to find out the willingness to pay by consumers for the purchase of pasteurized milk. In this regard, interviews were conducted from 150 households during May, 2020 from 3 localities namely Ghulam Muhammad Abad, Muhammad Pura and Marzi Pura in Jinnah town District Faisalabad. Binary logistic model was applied to explore variation in various measures of the respondents' willingness to pay. The results of the model revealed that factors like income, education, expenses on milk, number of children and milk source were found significant for willingness to pay. Further, household is spending on an average 11% of his income on milk consumption and is willing to pay Rs. 7.5 per liter for pasteurized milk. These findings have essential implications for policy makers.


This paper analyses the existing problems and shortcomings,such as current students concentrate on teaching and internships out production and school teaching schedule and the current teaching factors,and explores how to improve the martial theoretic course the application and effectiveness from the requirements of teachers,curriculum system and curriculum system construction and other aspects.


A single-circuit-section-type W-band FWTWT that utilizes a novel PPM circuit has been built and tested. The novel circuit features voids at the centers of the pole pieces. These voids, which comprise part of the slow wave circuit, occur both at the magnetic field cusps of the large pole pieces and at the magnetic field minima of the small pole pieces. The circuit utilizes thick pole pieces that bring magnetic flux directly to the beam tunnel to support 4-kilowatt beams with lambda p/L values around 10. For this TWT, a tetrode gun creates ultra-laminar electron beams typically around 0.24 amperes at 18 kV. (See "Experimental Investigation of a Tetrode Gun for MM-Wave TWTs," by A.J.Theiss, R.B.True, and C.J.Meadows, 4th IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference, Seoul, Korea, May 28-30, 2003.) When compared to an equivalent beam-stick-type circuit that does not have such voids, transmission for such beams degrades from 99.5% percent down to a maximum of 98%. However this circuit focuses beams as high as 9.25 kW (25 kV, 0.37A) at a 97% transmission level. Outer and inner grid drive levels for 97% transmission of various 0.1-microperveance beams are shown. Output power measurements were made on this W-band FWTWT, which operates around 91 gigahertz on the edge of the passband. Typical small-signal gain data are shown for 21 kV, 0.301 A beams. Observed small-signal gain ripple resulted from coupler matches that degraded both from inductive-post welding and from unexpected alloy flow. Results from MAGIC3D simulations that utilize three-dimensional PPM fields imported from MAXWELL models generally agree with test data. External output-input RF feedback through a frequency filter that eliminates second-passband BWOs provided 10 watts of stable output and 40 watts of regenerative output on again spike


The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the obtained data for the dependency of wetland carrying capacity upon the global climate change process. The article presents material confirming the impact of global climate change on different breeding bird species and populations, changes of their ranges and population state. A list of bird species, which are shifting their ranges north-eastward or eastward in the Baltic region under the influence of global warming, is presented. The impact of global warming on birds of water complexes was found to be more evident than the impact on terrestrial birds. We also attempted to explain changes in key bird staging and wintering areas due to climate change. Attention is focused on the aspects of the effect of climate change upon birds in environmental protection, aviation flight safety and other branches of economy.


Beta-blockers and diuretics are generally considered the first-line therapies for patients with hypertension, but are these drugs effective in the elderly? This meta-analysis pooled data from 10 trials of antihypertensive treatment in patients …


The essence of remote education, advocating a new form of education centered on the self-study of the students instead of the classroom teaching or the students only, is the split of the teaching and learning behaviour in terms of both space and time, so, in this new mode of education where the learning process is under the control of the learner himself, the roles of the teachers should shift to that of a counselor and consultant.


This article provides that college libraries should improve their management ways, and establish the three-dimension document resources system, which contains printed documents (or material), digital documents and internet documents.


The aim of the investigation was to develop an optimization technique for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and the prevention of intraoperative complications. Materials and Methods. Among 393 laparoscopic cholecystectomies performed in 2012, 6 cases had a minor intraoperative complication: liver capsule rupture in gallbladder traction. To prevent the complication, an original technique was developed: partial incision of falciform hepatic ligament. The technique was later used in laparoscopic gallbladder surgeries in 57 patients in 2013–2015. Results. The survey carried out enabled to distinguish a characteristic group to suspect complication risk, or increased risk factors of liver capsule rupture. For prevention purposes, 57 of 1,055 patients underwent partial incision of falciform hepatic ligament. The technique enables to enhance the right lobe mobility that makes it possible to perform an adequate gallbladder traction and avoid liver capsule rupture, improve the imaging of Calot's triangle elements in non-mobile gallbladder, in limited liver mobility, in gallbladder position anomalies and the attachment anomalies of falciform and round ligaments of the liver. Conclusion. The suggested technique of falciform ligament incision enables to avoid complications in the form of liver capsule rupture in complex cases, to reduce traumatism, blood loss in laparoscopic cholecystectomy, to enhance the operation availability and safety.


An interdisciplinary team of researchers have drawn to the need for a companion guideline to the original Universal Design (UD) principles as it relates to hearing. The term universal design was defined by the late Ron Mace whose work inspired architects and many other professionals to think beyond the boundaries of barrier-free design. The UD principles include, equitable use, flexibility in use, simple and intuitive use, perceptible information, tolerance for error, low physical effort and size and space for approach and use. The development of this initial set of universal design for hearing (UDH) guidelines used an occupational approach focused on what people do, need to do, and want to do, in community and public environments where hearing activities take place. Preliminary themes in the UHD guidelines include, design hearing environments that maximize the capabilities of a person to hear without a hearing device or with their current hearing device, optimize object-person interactions for hearing and allow for choice of interaction.


five-year plan (Chapter 10). In his conclusion (Chapter n ) , Brown underlines the general significance of the Korean economic policies and suggests areas where research efforts are likely to be productive. Factually, this study is a substantial contribution to the economic study of Korea and the formation of development policies. Analytically, there are repetitions and gaps because the author is not interested in developing a comprehensive theoretical framework so much as in reporting his experience. His compilations of government reports and other studies, while providing very helpful leads for future research, are not always smooth (most of the econometric results could be deleted without loss). Curiously enough, some of the best characterizations of Korean policies are found not at the beginning of each chapter where they would be helpful but in unlikely places. There are occasional but too limited references to the different pressure groups bearing on decision-making and policy outcomes. Altogether this is a useful book, acessible to non-specialists, which will help us understand better the origins of more recent economic decisions such as the puzzling economic emergency decree of August 3, 1972, which appears to be a reversal of previous trends.


Abstract Objective The aim of the study was to determine the molecular-genetic characteristics of the autosomal dominant systematic disorder Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC1 and TSC2) in Bulgarian patients and to derive some genotype-phenotype correlations. Material and Methods In total 42 patients/families with suspected clinical diagnosis of TSC were analyzed. We used direct sequencing and MLPA for the TSC1 and TSC2 gene analysis. Results In 38 families (90.5%) we confirmed the suspected clinical diagnosis – 15 with TSC1 (35.7%) and 23 (54.8%) with TSC2. In 4 families (9.5%) pathogenic variants were not found. In all 38 patients with proven diagnosis of TSC, we found 38 different mutations, 15 of which (39%) were detected for the first time by our research group. The mutation "hotspots" in TSC1 gene are exons 9, 15, 17 and 18, where 73% of the TSC1 mutations are localized, while the TSC2 gene mutation "hotspots" are exons 13 and 34, with 22% of the mutations situated there. In the TSC2 patients the common clinical findings include subcortical tubers, epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, facial angiofibromas, ungual fibromas, cardiac rhabdomyomas and renal angiomyolipomas, while in the TSC1 patients typically cortical tubers, cortical dysplasia and subependymal nodules were registered. In patients with aggressive frameshift and nonsense TSC1 and TSC2 mutations commonly hypomelanotic macules, cortical and subcortical tubers, cortical dysplasia, epilepsy with different types of seizures were found. Renal angiomyolipomas and cysts were detected mainly in patients with large deletions. Shagreen patches and intellectual disability were typically registered in equal degree in patients with frameshift, nonsense and missense mutations. Conclusion Although some genotype-phenotype correlations were derived, there is a great inter- and intrafamilial clinical variability in TSC, so it is impossible to predict the course of the disease on the basis of the detected molecular defect. The obtained results helped us to develop a diagnostic algorithm for proper molecular-genetic diagnostics which permits adequate genetic counseling, prophylaxis and treatment in the affected TSC families.


The present investigation entitled "Integrated nutrient management in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Bhagawa" was carried out at Vadla village, Junagadh during the year 2016-17 and 2017-18. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with nine different treatment combinations of chemical fertilizers, organic manures and biofertilizers with three replications. During study, the treatment T7-75% RDNK + full P + Azotobacter (5.0 ml/plant) + KSB (5.0 ml/plant) was found significant to flower the pomegranate plants earlier (38.3 days) and also to expand the flowering span (47.59 days). The same treatment has given significantly highest number flowers/shoot (7.42), fruit set (75.79 %) as well as minimum male flowers (51.26 %) and maximum hermaphrodite flowers (48.74 %).


Maintenance management is the important in overseeing the organization's maintenance resources to ensure it does not experience downtime or waste any resources on engaging with inefficient maintenance procedures. One of the prominent organization which have numerous assets throughout Malaysia is the Employees Provident Fund (EPF). In making sure these assets are maintained properly and orderly, EPF engages with in-house and external consultants. One of EPF's prominent building is situated in Johor Bahru. It is a 23-storey high rise building that has been occupied for more than 15 years. In achieving the research objective, i.e. understanding the maintenance management adopted by EPF, a case study was conducted in EPF JB. The scope of study is focused on EPF's building in JB. The selected respondents comprised of the maintenance unit and the staffs of EPF JB. This study has been conducted using in depth elite interviews. In achieving the objective, interviews with assistant manager in maintenance management department was conducted.The interviews' data was transcribed and analysed using Microsoft Excel. The findings reveals that EPF JB adopted the preventive and corrective maintenance in its building. The processes is well-defined in minimizing the cost of maintenance for the organization.


Common induction systems that construct decision-trees have been reported to operate unsatisfactorily when there are attributes with varying numbers of discrete possible values. This paper highlights the deficiency in the evaluation of the relevance of attributes and examines a proposed solution. An alternative method of selecting an attribute is introduced which permits the use of redundant attributes. Results of experiments on two tasks using the various selection criteria are reported.


【Objective】 To explore the effects of lead exposure of pregnant rat on emotion,behavior,learning and memory in filial rats.【Methods】 Female pregnant Spraque-Dawley(SD) rats were divided into low dose lead exposure group(LG) and high dose lead exposure group(HG) by drinking 0.1% or 0.2% lead acetate dissolved by three distilled water,the normal control group(NG) pregnant rats drank three distilled water.With open field test(OFT),passive avoidance test(PAT) and Morris water maze(MWM) test,the varieties of emotion,behavior,learning and memory were observed in 9~12 male filial rats from HG,LG or NG group.【Results】 In OFT,the scores of running across squares decreased(36.48±7.24)(F=11.65,P0.01),the times of standing up by hind legs declined(10.61±3.54)(F=9.49,P0.01) and the number of dung increased(19.42±3.46)(F=7.27,P0.01) in filial rats with lead exposure of mother pregnant rats.The results implied that lead exposure of pregnant rat can impair the emotion and behavior in their filial rats.In PAT,increasing times of mistakes(10.38±1.89)(F=8.69,P0.01) and shortening memory latency [(176.41±41.89)s](F=6.48,P0.01) were found in lead exposure filial rats.The data suggested that lead exposure of pregnant rat can impair the immediate learning and memory in their filial rats.In Morris water maze test,the prolonged escape latencies of searching the platform(F=4.61,P0.05),the poor searching strategy(χ2=41.89,P0.01),the short duration of searching in the platform area(F=6.32,P0.01) and low frequency swimming above the platform(F=7.13,P0.01) were found in lead exposure filial rats.The data showed lead exposure of pregnant rat can impair the spatial learning and memory in their filial rats.【Conclusion】 Lead exposure of pregnant rat can impair emotion,behavior,learning and memory in filial rats.


The purpose of this study was to attempt to predict if Harry Potter is a re-creation of King Arthur and if the ending of the Potter stories will mirror that of King Arthur. This research focused on one series of King Arthur books written by Howard Pyle and the Harry Potter series written by J.K. Rowling. A content analysis chart was created and implemented to compare the two series of books. A content analysis chart was completed, first of the King Arthur series and then of the Harry Potter series. This archetypal chart was used to map the characters, themes, setting and plots of the two series. The data were compared and analyzed. The researcher determined a parallel between the King Arthur and Harry Potter series. The researcher then predicted the ending of the Harry Potter series based on the ending of the King Arthur series. The literary patterns found add to children's understanding of literature. The past works, as demonstrated by the King Arthur Legend, influenced current works, as demonstrated by Harry Potter. This allows children to build upon what they have already read and relate it to future literature.


Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) is a powerful risk-stratification marker in the treatment of primary and relapsed childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Flow Cytometry is a fast and sensitive method to detect MRD, however, the interpretation of these multi-parametric data demands intensive operator training and experience. In this paper we propose a comparison among three different approaches for the automatic detection of leukemic cells in FCM data samples. The first approach is a fully-discriminative baseline based on the Support Vector Machine. The second approach is divided in two phases, the first is an unsupervised feature learning using a Stacked Auto-Encoder Neural Network, the second phase consists of exploiting the previously trained Neural Network to perform inference on the data classification. The third approach is fully generative and based on the Gaussian Mixture Model estimation and Bayes decision. Results show that a generative model provides better accuracy on MRD estimation with respect to the other two approaches. All samples are collected by national diagnostic reference centers for children with ALL for medical purposes enrolled in the current treatment protocol AIEOP-BFM-2009.


Testing procedures for assessing a parametric regression model with circular response and $\mathbb{R}^d$-valued covariate are proposed and analyzed in this work both for independent and for spatially correlated data. The test statistics are based on a circular distance comparing a (non-smoothed or smoothed) parametric circular estimator and a nonparametric one. Properly designed bootstrap procedures for calibrating the tests in practice are also presented. Finite sample performance of the tests in different scenarios with independent and spatially correlated samples, is analyzed by simulations.


Introduction. In the Irkutsk region, chronic mercury intoxication (CRI) occupies a leading place among occupational neurointoxications. An organic personality disorder with insomnia is one of the manifestations of brain damage in CRI. The aim of the study was to establish diagnostic criteria for secondary insomnia in patients with professional CRI for the selection of effective treatment. Material and methods. The study involved 30 people in the long-term CRI and 30 people in the comparison group with sleep disorders that are not in contact with harmful factors. Electroencephalographic, polysomnographic research and questioning were carried out with the assessment of the subjective characteristics of sleep. Information was processed using the Statistika 6.0 application package. Results. It was shown that CRI patients were shown to complain statistically significantly more frequent sleep disturbances than in the comparison group (p = 0.0003), difficulty in maintaining sleep (p = 0.004). As a result of EEG in the group of patients in the long-term CRI, the integral index and the ratio α/β were statistically significantly different from those in the comparison group, and according to the results of polysomnography, more pronounced qualitative and quantitative violations of the night sleep pattern were found in CRI patients; as a decrease in total sleep time (p = 0.0001), increase in sleep time (p = 0.008), number of activations and total wakefulness inside sleep (p = 0.03), decrease in sleep efficiency index (p = 0.006) and increase in an integrative sleep quality index (p = 0.03). According to the discriminant analysis, 4 criteria for diagnosing insomnia in CRI were established: total sleep time (min.), duration of the first stage of slow sleep (%), rhythm ratio α/β, EEG (%) and integral EEG index (%). Conclusion. Considering the data obtained, it is possible to improve approaches to treating insomnia in CRI by prescribing a complex of treatment, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, antidepressants with a sedative effect, as well as alpha training using biofeedback.


Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a disease of the nervous system that results in distinctive brain lesions. CWD affects elk, white-tailed deer, and mule deer, but has not been documented in livestock or humans. The origins of the disease, as well as the modes of transmission, remain unknown. Infected deer and elk appear robust and healthy in the early stages of CWD; clinical signs might not show for years. Mortality typically occurs within months after the appearance of clinical signs. The route of transmission is unknown; likely routes include direct transmission between infected and noninfected animals and infected animals contaminating local environments.


Strategies to mitigate the impact of COVID‐19 in special populations are complex and challenging. Few studies have addressed the impact of COVID‐19 on pediatric patients with cancer in low‐ and middle‐income countries.


In the present work, we propose the multi-acupoint electrical stimulation (stimulating the Láogóng point (劳宫PC8) and acupuncture points on waist, shoulders, buttocks of the human body) combined with music conditioning (MESCMC) to alleviate driving fatigue. In our study, the complexity of α and β rhythms of EEG of the drivers, the relative power spectrum of θ and β, as well as two relative power spectrum ratio θ/β and (θ+α)/(α+β) are used as fatigue features during driving. The features of the complexity, which can effectively reflect brain activity information, were used to detect the change of driving fatigue over time. Combined with the traditional relative power spectrum features, the changes in driving fatigue features were comprehensively analyzed. The results show that the MESCMC method can effectively alleviate the mental fatigue of drivers. Besides, compared with the single-acupoint electrical stimulation[only stimulating the Láogóng point (劳宫PC8)] (SES) method, the MESCMC method is more effective in relieving driving fatigue.The mitigation equipment is low in cost and practical, and the MESCMC method is individualized and improves the universality of driving fatigue detection and relieve, so will be practical to use in actual driving situations in the future.


Because of the limit of low-quality of server and low-band of network,server can not provider sufficient server to some clients at one time,we can use idle resource of clients by peer-to-peer technology,it also can ease burden of server.


Cross‐sectional studies of aging trends in traditional societies are open to question because of widespread cohort trends, which can have different impacts on different age groups. An illustration of this problem is taken from blood pressures studies on the classic Framingham Heart Study, in which cross‐sectional results give a very different indication from longitudinal results of aging trends in this modern population. Semilongitudinal studies of blood pressure in Soloman Islands populations are reviewed to show the dramatic indicators in modernising groups there of rapid blood pressure increases over approximately a decade in adult cohorts of all ages. The partitioning of aging vs. cohort effects is only possible with this technique.


The deployment of machine learning (ML) and statistical models is beginning to transform the practice of healthcare, with models now able to help clinicians diagnose conditions like pneumonia and skin cancer, and to predict which hospital patients are at risk of adverse events such as septic shock. A major concern, however, is that model performance is heavily tied to details particular to the dataset the model was developed on—even slight deviations from the training conditions can result in wildly different performance. For example, when researchers trained a model to diagnose pneumonia from chest X-rays using data from one health system, but evaluated on data from an external health system, they found the model performed significantly worse than it did internally (Zech and others, 2018). The model failed to generalize (i.e., predict accurately) due to the shifts between the training conditions (health system one) and the deployment/testing conditions (health system two). These shifts are very common when moving a model from the training phase to deployment and can take a variety of forms, including changes in patient demographics, disease prevalence, measurement timing, equipment, treatment patterns, and more. Beyond contributing to poor performance, failing to account for shifts can also lead to dangerous decisions in practice: the system can fail to diagnose severely ill patients or recommend harmful treatments. This problem of shifting conditions which prevent generalization is referred to as dataset shift (QuiñoneroCandela and others, 2009), and in this article, we explain what it is, why it occurs, give an overview of the types of existing solutions, and discuss open challenges that remain. Generalization is crucial for successfully deploying models since we want model predictions to be accurate when applied to new situations that were not in the training dataset. In order to ensure that a


This paper investigates agreement protocols over cooperative and cooperativeantagonistic multiagent networks with coupled continuous-time nonlinear dynamics. To guarantee convergence for such syste ...