Muscle fatigue has high relevance in human performance and may contribute to the high incidence of back pain amongst athletes. However, the term fatigue is often poorly defined and is used inconsistently, frequently being interchanged with endurance. This study aimed to establish whether the Biering-Sorensen test and a test of fatigue for the abdominal muscles were effective at inducing fatigue using a well established definition. Twenty medical students were subjected to two protocols (A & B). Using a Cybex norm isokinetic dynamometer, the isometric peak torques during extension and flexion were measured before and after each protocol. Protocol A involved a 45 second maximal isometric contraction within the dynamometer while Protocol B entailed a Biering-Sorensen (submaximal) test for extension and a sit up crunch for flexion. Extension testing followed flexion testing. Significant reduction in peak mean torque occurred only in flexion for both protocols. The Biering-Sorensen test did not result in a decrease in peak torque suggesting minimal fatigue (using the definition used in this study). A weak correlation was found between the length of time the Biering-Sorensen test was held and the fatigue index. The Biering-Sorensen test does not appear to reduce maximum voluntary contraction strength and remains a test of endurance. However, a similar test for the abdominal muscles did induce fatigue. Further research is required to develop an effective protocol to assess trunk extensor fatigue.


In the study of literary history there has always been the embarrassment that the explanatory system of the sequence and the definition of the "history" in turn destroys the elements of "liveliness" originally in the works.To guard against it,"primordial" theory has to be applied to trace back to the historical situation of the works in the hope of lightening the bound loss of the literaturedness.The study made by New Collection of Anecdotes of Famous Personeges of the literature of the Wei and the Jin Dynasties provides the very and scarce "primordial" visual angle.


A dynamic system VAR model was established including the variables of output value of farming, forestry, husbandry and fishery.The outcome of Granger causality test shows that output value forestry and husbandry are easily affected by other sectors of agriculture; output value of farming is hardly affected by other sectors; husbandry and fishery are mutual Granger reasons.Farming, forestry, husbandry and fishery have very different impulse responses when there are pluses from the four sectors of agriculture and the responses would get weaker as time went.Also conclusions were gained that output value of husbandry change had greater impact on itself and also output value of price of forestry, farming and fishery had a 25%, 25% and 12.34%impact on value of husbandry respectively through variance decomposition.


Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of industry-university linked capstone design classes within the humanities and social sciences. Also, sharing the result of the study further encourages capstone design classes within the humanities and social sciences. Design/Methodology/Approach – An importance-satisfaction survey was conducted in the two classes of 2022. After explaining the purpose of the survey and data utilization plan to a total of 27 students, the questionnaire was distributed, and 24 responses were used for analysis. In addition, at the end of each semester, focus group interviews were conducted for participating students. Findings – As a result of the IPA analysis, areas of maintaining superiority, maintaining the status quo, areas of major improvement, and areas of low priority were identified. In the area of maintaining superiority, many items corresponding to the unique characteristics of capstone design classes, such as problem-based approach and creative exploration, were included. In the areas of focus improvement, there were many items related to companies, such as meetings with business executives, and advice and guidance from corporate executives. Research Implications – This study is meaningful in that it was used as basic data by analyzing the effectiveness of industry-university linked capstone design classes in humanities and social sciences, in a situation where there are not many studies. In addition, it is meaningful that all student thoughts and opinions on the capstone design class were synthesized through IPA analysis and FGI analysis for students that participated in the class.


Background Both naturally arising Foxp3+ and antigen-induced Foxp3− regulatory T cells (Treg) play a critical role in regulating immune responses, as well as in preventing autoimmune diseases and graft rejection. It is known that antigen-specific Treg are more potent than polyclonal Treg in suppressing pathogenic immune responses that cause autoimmunity and inflammation. However, difficulty in identifying and isolating a sufficient number of antigen-specific Treg has limited their use in research to elucidate the mechanisms underlying their regulatory function and their potential role in therapy. Methodology/Principal Findings Using a novel class II MHC tetramer, we have isolated a population of CD4+ Foxp3− T cells specific for the autoantigen glutamic acid decarboxylase p286–300 peptide (NR286 T cells) from diabetes-resistant non-obese resistant (NOR) mice. These Foxp3− NR286 T cells functioned as Treg that were able to suppress target T cell proliferation in vitro and inhibit type 1 diabetes in animals. Unexpected results from mechanistic studies in vitro showed that their regulatory function was dependent on not only IFN-gamma and nitric oxide, but also on cell contact with target cells. In addition, separating NR286 Treg from target T cells in transwell assays abolished both production of NO and suppression of target T cells, regardless of whether IFN-γ was produced in cell cultures. Therefore, production of NO, not IFN-gamma, was cell contact dependent, suggesting that NO may function downstream of IFN-gamma in mediating regulatory function of NR286 Treg. Conclusions/Significance These studies identified a unique population of autoantigen-specific Foxp3− Treg that can exert their regulatory function dependent on not only IFN-γ and NO but also cell contact with target cells.


This bibliography contains many of the papers dealing with magnetooptical effects in solids. It is arranged in sections by subject matter and in chronological order within sections; the papers are alphabetized in each year by first author's last name. The information given is author, title of paper, and reference.


To investigate the crossover behavior of chain diffusion from Zimm- to Rouse-type, the tracer diffusion coefficient in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) mixtures with no entanglements has been measured by the pulsed-field-gradient NMR (PFG NMR) method. Diffusion coefficient D of single chains (molecular weight MN) in polymer matrices (molecular weight Mp) was reasonably determined as a function of MN and Mp. MN and Mp ranged from 460 to 1.93×104. The crossover behavior has been observed: The Zimm-type diffusion for Mp<<27MN1/2, while the Rouse-type for Mp>>27MN1/2, although the crossover region was rather wide. The results were well described by the simple equation D=DZ+DR, where DZ and DR were the Zimm-type and Rouse-type diffusion coefficients, respectively.


Grid technologies have progressed towards a service-oriented paradigm that enables a new way of service provisioning based on utility computing models, which are capable of supporting diverse computing services. It facilitates scientific applications to take advantage of computing resources distributed world wide to enhance the capability and performance. Many scientific applications in areas such as bioinformatics and astronomy require workflow processing in which tasks are executed based on their control or data dependencies. Scheduling such interdependent tasks on utility Grid environments need to consider users' QoS requirements. In this paper, we present a genetic algorithm approach to address scheduling optimization problems in workflow applications, based on two QoS constraints, deadline and budget.


Objective
To study the utilization of preoperative ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for the evaluation of axillary lymph nodes metastasis in patients with early stage breast cancer.

Methods
All 58 early stage breast cancer patients (cT1-2N0M0) whose ultrasound examination showed suspicious signs in axillary lymph node underwent ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration. The cytopathological results were compared with the histopathological results. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration for the axillary lymph node metastasis were analyzed.

Results
The sensitivity of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration was 84.1%, specificity 100.0%, positive predictive value 100.0%, negative predictive value 66.7% and the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration was 87.9%.

Conclusions
Preoperative axillary ultrasound-guided fine needle is a useful step in the process of axillary staging. The results provids valuable preferences for the option of axillary procedure in breast cancer

Key words:
Breast cancer; Axillary lymph node; Ultrasound; Fine needle aspiration cytology


The present invention provides a method for auto-focusing and auto-focus apparatus of an electronic camera. The AF method by the center point of the zoom lens with respect to the left or right progressive alignment, in order to identify the maximum evaluation value of the image to be shot, i.e. high-frequency component, and the maximum evaluation value is the best focus point Evaluation value. Autofocus method provided by the invention, non-fixed number of steps to move the drive motor, and the need for multiple reciprocating motor. Further, the automatic focusing device according to the present invention is provided without performing a zero before the focus operation, it is possible to shorten the focusing time.


A nonlocal Alice-Bob Kadomtsev-Petviashivili (ABKP) system with shifted-parities ($\hat{P}_s^x$ and $\hat{P}_s^y$ parities with shifts for the space variables $x$ and $y$) and delayed time reversal ($\hat{T}_d$, time reversal with a delay) symmetries is investigated. Some types of $\hat{P}_s^y\hat{P}_s^x\hat{T}_d$ invariant solutions including multiple soliton solutions, Painleve reductions and soliton and $p$-wave interaction solutions are obtained via $\hat{P}_s^y\hat{P}_s^x\hat{T}_d$ symmetry and the solutions of the usual local KP equation. Some special $\hat{P}_s^y\hat{P}_s^x\hat{T}_d$ symmetry breaking multi-soliton solutions and cnoidal wave solutions are found from the $\hat{P}_s^y\hat{P}_s^x\hat{T}_d$ symmetry reduction of a coupled local KP system.


Cytokine induced killer (CIK) is a new kind of immune cells which have non MHC restriction,highly proliferation and cytotoxicity.Their activities are superior to lymphokine activated killer cells.Immunotherapy of CIK cells can significantly improve clinical symptoms,but hardly have any side effects.CIK cells also can improve antitumor effects of patients.


Abstract The application of physical fields is currently a common method to improve the solidification structure of Al alloys. In this study, rotating magnetic field (RMF) and power ultrasonic field (USF) were applied during the solidification process of Al-8 wt.%Si alloy. The experimental results have been compared to those of conventional casting and have verified that the alloys processed under individual RMF or USF exhibit obvious refinement in their solidification structure as well as an enhancement in the mechanical properties. However, the refinement under RMF is not fully effective, while the ultrasonically treated region is inadequate. For the case of the compound fields, it could be furthermore observed that these improvements become more pronounced. Owing to the advantages of both RMF and USF, RMF enlarges the ultrasonic treated region, and USF improves the refinement effect of RMF as well.


e18525 Background: Rural cancer patients (RCPs) represent 15-20% of those diagnosed with cancer in the United States (US). RCPs experience decreased access to oncology specialists, increased travel burden, and limited access to clinical trials, as well as unique socioeconomic factors that adversely impact their cancer outcomes. Phase I clinical trials often require complex coordination, frequent follow-up visits, and specialized support staff traditionally limiting access to larger, urban centers. Inclusion of RCPs on these trials can broaden understanding of these therapeutics early in their development. Methods: Starting in 2015, our community oncology program initiated a phase I center dedicated to improving access to RCPs. We evaluated enrollments, patient characteristics, residential location (metro vs. non-metro) as defined by the US Federal Office of Rural Health Policy (FORHP), medically underserved area (MUA) status as defined by the US Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA), and clinical trial characteristics from April 2015-January 2023. Trials included were phase I, phase IB, or phase I/II trials with safety and/or dosing as the primary endpoint, as well as pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic secondary endpoints. Our primary outcome was the proportion of FORHP-defined rural participants enrolled. Secondary outcomes included treatment-related deaths and percentage of participants lost to follow-up. Descriptive analysis of patient and clinical trial characteristics was performed. Results: During the analysis period, 21 clinical trials meeting the inclusion criteria were opened. 218 participants were enrolled. Of these participants, 114 (52.3%) resided in FORHP-defined rural locations (89.5% non-metro and 10.5% metro). 23.9% resided in HRSA MUAs. Average distance traveled to our center was 76.1 miles (range 0.4-483 miles). Of these participants, there were no treatment-related deaths. 5 patients (2.3%) were lost to follow-up on study, all during long-term follow-up. Median age of participants was 62 years (range 33-85). 59.2% were male and 40.8% female. Races represented in the studies included: 95% White non-Latino, 2.3% Native American, 0.9% White Latino, 0.5% African American, 1.4% declined/not reported. Common disease sites treated included: 39.9% head and neck, 17.4% non-small cell lung, 11% pancreas, 5.5% melanoma, 5% colorectal, 4.6% breast, and 3.7% ovarian. Of the 21 clinical trials, 38.1% were phase I, 19% were phase IB, and 2.9% were phase I/II. Conclusions: Our center successfully and safely implemented a community-based phase I program with over half the participants enrolled from rural areas. Despite long distances traveled and high rates of rural residency, there were no treatment-related deaths and excellent follow-up rates. These findings support efforts to expand access to phase I trials in a rural setting.


Most research studies investigating the estrogenic effects of zearalenone (ZEN) focus on the mycotoxin's effect on the reproductive system. Since estrogen receptors are present on various types of immunocompetent cells, ZEN can also modify diverse immune functions. This study analyzed immunocompetent cells isolated from Peyer's patches in the ileum of pigs administered ZEN in the estimated daily dose of 8 μg kg(-1) BW (equivalent of 100 μg kg(-1) feed per day(-1)). The objective of the study was to determine whether long-term exposure to low ZEN doses below the NOEL threshold leads to changes in the percentages of lymphocyte subpopulations and cytokine secretion by Th1 (IL-2, IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-10) lymphocytes in Peyer's patches of the ileum after in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Immunocompetent cells isolated from Payer's patches on experimental days 0, 14, 28 and 42 were cultured in vitro and stimulated with LPS. The presence of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 in culture media was determined by the ELISA method. The results of the study indicate that ZEN inhibits IL-2 and IFN-γ secretion and stimulates IL-4 and IL-10 produc- tion by Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes by shifting the Th1/Th2 balance towards the humoral immune response. The above can promote allergic responses, as demonstrated by the increase in the size of B1 cell populations producing more autoantibodies. ZEN can also lower resistance to viruses and tumors by inhibiting the proliferation of NK cells and IFN-γ secretion.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether multidimensional computed tomography (MDCT) can be used to differentiate between types of groin hernias, specifically femoral and inguinal hernias, based on their anteroposterior relationship to the inguinal ligament. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 75 groin hernias of 71 patients, including 28 femoral and 47 inguinal hernias. We diagnosed hernias prolapsing anterior to the inguinal ligament as inguinal hernias and those passing posterior to the ligament as femoral hernias. Results: In 74 of 75 cases, femoral and inguinal hernias were correctly differentiated from each other based on MDCT. In one case of a "sign of aggregation" of an inguinal hernia, the anteroposterior relationship to the inguinal ligament could not be evaluated because the hernia existed superior to the ligament. Conclusions: Femoral and inguinal hernias that extend caudal to the inguinal ligament can be differentiated based on their anteroposterior relationship to the inguinal ligament using MDCT.


The paper deals with the problem of closing seals in coal mines. After several accidents in Sago, Darby and other mines in the USA the explosion destructed the seals completely. This raised a question of what resistance is necessary for their construction. I would like to express my opinion that the request of federal safety regulation to achieve the resistance of seal of 20 pounds per square inch, which corresponds to the European 0,138 MPa (MegaPascal) is dangerous. If the temperature in the area before explosion is for example 15°C, then after the explosion it can reach up to 2 650°C. After recalculation the absolute temperature of mixture before and after the explosion can be 288 K to 2 923 K. Gases then increase during explosion in volume more than 10 times. According to Mariott law, the original pressure of 0.1 MPa must increase 10 times as much, up to 1 MPa. The seals should be designed, as the prevailing opinions claim, to this pressure value.


Professor Boyle's essay is both interesting and highly provocative. His thesis is that the absence of a common morality is attributable to "the coincidence of a great increase in the degree of human productive and affective interactions with a corresponding, but unfulfilled, need for the interaction to be controlled by a state-like deployment of force."' That is, the global economy moves forward unchecked and unmediated by any political institution, which leads, in turn, to gravely deleterious consequences for the world community-particularly for its most vulnerable members. 2 Further, the chief obstacle to the establishment of such a necessary political body is the "great theological fiction ' 3 of universal human rights-i.e., "God-given rights prior to the existence of governments that protect or abuse them" 4 -invented from whole cloth by Thomas Jefferson as a post-hoc rationale for what was, in truth, simply a tax revolt by American colonists, who aspired to seize mercantile power from the government of England. Indeed, according to Boyle, it is this fiction of universal human rights that has contributed to the "growth of the global market" while undermining "the significance of the global political and military constraints on which the permanence of the market depends." 5


We derive a priori estimates for the incompressible free-boundary Euler equations with surface tension in three spatial dimensions. Working in Lagrangian coordinates, we provide a priori estimates for the local existence when the initial velocity, which is rotational, belongs to H3, with some additional regularity on the normal component of the initial velocity. This lowers the requirement on the regularity of initial data in the Lagrangian setting. Our methods are direct and involve three key elements: estimates for the pressure, the boundary regularity provided by the mean curvature, and the Cauchy invariance.


Respiratory-related evoked potentials (RREPs) have been elicited by inspiratory occlusion and recorded at electroencephalographic (EEG) sites overlying the somatosensory cortex in adults. The prese...


articulating exclusively with the squamosal; paroccipital processesdistally slightly twisted postero–dorsally; maxillary fenestra dor-sally displaced; palatine pneumatization; alignment of dentaryforamina into two rows, not in grooves; and splenial emergingexternally on the lateral surface of the mandible. Other characters,such as the small, L-shaped quadratojugal with equal rami, lowcervical neural spines, and the barely propubic pelvis, are not


ABSTRACTThe knowledge of thermal conductivity in semiconductors in relation to radiation damage effects is discussed. A thermal conductivity apparatus based on the non-equilibrium method and similar to that of Ioffe and Ioffe is described in some detail. For keeping the heat losses at a minimum, the relation between the radius and the thickness in case of a disc sample is given. The use of a comparator circuit for the measurement of small temperature differences, conducting the experiment in vacuum of the order of 10-5 mm. of Hg. are some of the refinements over that of Ioffe's.


There are several radionuclides of bromine that have been used or have been suggested for use in biomedical studies; these nuclides include bromine-74, bromine-75, bromine76, and bromine-77. Although bromine radionuclides have been used for the measurement of extracellular fluid volume [1], it is only in recent years that bromine radionuclides have been attached to complex molecules [2]. Over the past eight years many molecules, including proteins, steroids, fatty acids, and neuroleptics, have been labeled with bromine-75 or bromine-77. Bromine-75 has a 95.5 minute half-life and decays 75.5% by positron emission and thus can be used in conjunction with positron emission tomography; bromine-77 has a 57 hour halflife and decays with the emission of gamma rays of 242, 300, 520, and 580 keV. In spite of the complex decay scheme of bromine-77, phantom studies have shown that reasonable resolution can be achieved using a scintillation camera fitted with a high energy pinhole collimator [3].


The mean square atomic displacement parameter of Pd in the fcc interstitial solid solution PdB y , (u 2 Pd (y)), was determined for atomic ratios of y = 0.050, 0.100, and 0.184 using neutron powder diffraction data obtained at 15 K and 300 K. The values determined are significantly larger than those determined for pure Pd, (u 2 Pd (0)), at the same temperatures. Assuming that the dynamic (thermal) contribution to (u 2 Pd (y)) equals (u 2 Pd (0)), the static mean square atomic displacement parameter (u 2 Pd (y))) st = (u 2 Pd (y)) - (u 2 Pd (0)) was obtained as 0.0020(1) A 2 to 0.0027(1) A 2 . (u 2 Pd (y)) st showed no systematic variation with y or the sample temperature. This contrasts with an expected y(1 - y) concentration dependence for (u 2 Pd (y)) st . Comparison of (u 2 Pd (y)) st with values for the static mean square displacements of the metal atoms in different defect-NaCl type transition metal nitrides and carbides indicates that the current values for Pd in PdB y are exceptionally small.


Based on the studies made in Reference ,this paper presents some assumptions to understand equations for simplifying calculations of load on tongue-grooved section joints of high piled wharfs under transversely concentrated horizontal force.The results show that the accuracy of the equations for simplifying calculations complies with the requirement of design and can be applied in many cases.


In this paper, we present an algorithm for obtaining an original image which becomes blurred due to the size of the aperture of the CMOS camera module in capturing images of the objects near the camera. We introduce the mathematical property of a circulant matrix which can be used to describe the PSF and propose a new algorithm based on this matrix. We suggest new algorithms for both one-dimensional and two-dimensional signal processing case. These proposed algorithms were validated by the results of computer simulation for two-dimensional images synthesized by a CMOS camera model which was based on a pinhole camera model previously proposed by our research group.


Abstract The exponential model is the simplest among all lifetime distribution models and it possesses a constant failure rate. Here we propose a new class of lifetime distribution having decreasing failure rate which we developed through compounding exponential distribution with the positive hyper-Poisson distribution. We investigate some of its statistical properties and employed various methods of estimation for estimating the parameters of the distribution along with certain test procedures. All the procedures discussed in the paper are illustrated with the help of real-life data sets. Further, a brief simulation study is conducted for examining the performance of the estimators of the parameters of the distribution.


One of the essential biochemical processes in every living cell is the synthesis of proteins. Its final stage is the formation of peptide bonds; it is mediated by polymerizing enzymes (1) which use aminoacyl S-RNA1 as a source of amino acids in the polymerization reaction. The sequence of amino acids in the final product is determined by a specific ribonucleic acid, known as messenger RNA (2, 3). The reaction takes place on cytoplasmatic ribonucleoprotein particles (ribosomes); in the bacterium Escherichia coli the functional particle has a sedimentation constant of 70 S and a molecular weight of 2.6 X 106 (4). By lowering the concentration of magnesium ions, this particle can be dissociated into subunits with sedimentation constants of 50 S and 30 S and molecular weights of 1.8 X 106 and 0.7 X 106, respectively. Both subunits are composed of 37 % protein and 63 % ribonucleic acid (4). In the functional 70 S ribosome the 30 S unit is known to be the place of attachment of messenger RNA (5), and the 50 S unit as the place of attachment of aminoacyl S-RNA (6). The aim of the studies partly described in the present paper was to examine the effect of various lesions inside the ribosome on its function. In these experiments the inactivation of ribosomes by r-irradiation was measured by assaying their ability to support the polyuridylic-acid-directed synthesis of polyphenylalanine in a cell-free system, similar to that of Nirenberg and Matthaei (7). Radiation-sensitive molecular weight obtained by this method corresponds to the reported value for 70 S ribosome (4). A similar conclusion was drawn by Pollard (8) from in vivo experiments on the incorporation of amino acids into protein of irradiated bacteria.


The English passive construction has played a central role in the to-ings and fro-ings of grammatical theory over the last 30 years, from the earliest days of transformational grammar, to more recent, surface oriented theories of syntax. The casual reader of the linguistic literature might therefore suppose that the computational linguist looking for an off the shelf analysis of passives would be able to choose from among several competing analyses, each of which accommodated the facts, but perhaps derived them from (or from them} different theoretical principles. Unfortunately, this is not the case. as we shall see. All of the analyses that [ am familiar with are incomplete, or inaccurate in some respects, or simply unprogrammable in any straightforward form. The present paper is an at tempt to remedy this situation, and to provide such an off the shelf analysis of the syntax and semantics of passives. The analysis of this central construction will be couched within a simple and computationally tractable syntactic and semantic formalism, and should translate easily to most currently popular formalisms. It will be quite eclectic, freely borrowing from several different grammatical theories. T w o u n s a t i s f a c t o r y ana lyses The original starting point for the analysis here was that presented in Gazdar et al. 1985 (also found unsatisfactory by Kilbury t986). In the GPSG framework, passive VP rules are derived by a metarule from active VPs: 1. VP NP. W ~ VPpas -V~. (PPby) The interpretation of this metarule is as follows: for every rule expanding VP which introduces an NP daughter. there is also to be a rule which has the VP marked as passive, does not contain that NP daughter, and may contain a PP headed 'by'. Feature principles ensure that the verb heading the VP will have passive morphology in this latter c a s e . There are several problems with this account. An engineering problem concerns the interpretation of GPSGs for computational purposes. One more or less workable construal regards the metagrammar as a set of instructions for producing a 'compiled" object grammar consisting of context free rules augmented with some feature matching mechanism. However, this treatment produces large numbers of such rules. When 'slashed' versions of VP rules are also compiled out the multipllcative effect can lead to many hundreds of VP rules in a linguistic description. While not fatal, this is still a problem for constructing efficient parsers. There are also several descriptive problems. As Kilbury points out. the metarule as it stands would apply to VPs which require a sentential subject, like "bother'. on one of its subcategorisations. Thus we will be able to generate junk like: 2. That Kim left was bothered [by Sandy). Similarly. for VPs introducing complements of verbs like "elect' we will get two outputs from the metarule, only one of which is a sensible one: a. v P v(211 .~'m s P ( 'etecc etc are VI211 ) 4. a We elected Kim president b Kim was elected president c *President was elected Kim The metarule wilL, however, fail to apply in the case of VPs introducing a sentential object, since there is no NP daughter, failing to generate perfectly good examples like 6b: 5. V P V . . S" 6. a They vehemently denied that there had been a plutonium leak b That there had been a plutonium leak was vehemently denied. Most of these problems are fairly easily fixable: for examples like 2. it is a reasonable response to say that they are syntactically ok. but sortally deviant: the obvious fix for things like 6 is to regard sentential complements of this


There is a great deal of enthusiasm among future and new GPs wishing to engage in global health-related activities and gain international experience. Altruism and idealism to advocate for greater worldwide equality in health, as well as a passion to learn and share experiences, are key motivating factors behind this. Yet, despite enthusiasm, incorporating global health and international experiences into your career can be challenging and may be met with resistance. This article will emphasize that incorporating global health and acquiring international experience throughout your career as a GP is both relevant and achievable. It will then go on to provide the information required in order to help take enthusiasm a stage further into action.


Four new acyclic diterpenes, siegetalises A-D (1-4), were isolated from the aerial parts of Siegesbeckia orientalis. Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data. The effects of the isolated compounds on the activity of xanthine oxidase were evaluated by the oxidative reaction with xanthine as a substrate. At a concentration of 50 µM, compounds 1-4 exhibited xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity at levels of 13.59% ± 0.51%, 19.64% ± 1.54%, 17.45% ± 1.26%, and 21.36% ± 1.40%, respectively.


Farming today relies on ever-increasing forms of data gathering, transfer, and analysis. Think of autonomous tractors and weeding robots, chip-implanted animals and underground infrastructures with inbuilt sensors, and drones or satellites offering image analysis from the air. Despite this evolution, however, the social sciences have almost completely overlooked the resulting problematics of power and control. This piece offers an initial review of the main surveillance issues surrounding the problematic of smart farming, with a view to outlining a broader research agenda into the making, functioning, and acting of Big Data in the agricultural sector. For surveillance studies, the objective is also to move beyond the predominant focus on urban space that characterises critical contemporary engagements with Big Data. Smart technologies shape the rural just as much as the urban, and "smart farms" are just as fashionable as "smart cities."


In decision making, investors rely on quality and quantity and disclosed information timeless from corporate governance. The manner of investors with this information and their decisions shape demand and supply volume and buy and sell offering price. The corporate governance is one of the most influential factors on the difference of buying and selling price of corporation stock. The difference of buying and selling offered price is also one of the most important liquidity criteria of corporation stock. Therefore, the purpose of this study is the evaluation of the effect of board characteristic and ownership structure on stock liquidity of Tehran stock exchange listed companies. For achievement to the purpose of this research studied 83 companies during five years from 2007 to 2011. The results of the study represent positive and significance relationship between the board independence, the institutional stockholder, the government ownership and authority with stock liquidity.


Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation is one of the crucial parameter for next generation mobile and broadband applications. There is a constant thrust in improving the DOA accuracy in both civilian and defense applications. The phase and amplitude based DOA techniques fail for input signals coming from different directions with same frequency. The subspace based super resolution methods are best alternatives for conventional DOA measurement techniques. In this paper multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithms is implemented on ARM-Cortex core of Xilinx Zynq FPGA. The basic MUSIC algorithm is suitably modified for hardware software co-design platform. As the MUSIC algorithm is based on Eigen vector decomposition, in this paper Jacobi based Eigen vector decomposition is used. For this Xilinx Zynq FPGA platform is studied, using Xilinx tools the music algorithm is implemented in C language and results are verified while running on Zynq FPGA for which the inputs are taken form MATLAB generated test data. Execution time of the algorithm and RMS (root mean square) error are also compared for different array length i. e., number of antenna elements.


Three methods are proposed to construct a piecewise Hermite interpolation surface (PHIS), which is a piecewise algebraic surface interpolating a set of given points with associated normal directions. The surface is obtained by blending together some low-degree surface patches. Both the first and the second methods are completely local and give a surface with G/sup n/-continuity. In the third construction, we reduce the number of surface patches by joining as many cubic patches as possible. This method gives a global solution with G/sup 1/-continuity. These three different methods can be used to meet different requirements of the designers.


The resolution of Gutian Conference is the sign that the Party's theory of ideological and political education form. The Party accumulated much historical experience of ideological and political education in the resolution, maily include: make clear the important position of the ideological and political education; pay attention to the gradation of the education's content; attach importance to abundance of the education's method; improve the standard of the political workers' team.


Let T be an invertible operator that is not a scalar modulo the ideal of compact operators. We show that the multiplicative semigroup generated by the similarity orbit of T is the group of all invertible operators. If, in addition, T is a unitary operator, then the multiplicative semigroup generated by the unitary orbit of T is the group of all unitary operators.


In a multicultural context like the one that can be found in Dallas (Texas), foreign language teachers must be prepared to deal with an ever-growing group of multicultural, multilingual students. This chapter discusses the work done in a university MA classroom that teaches Spanish-as-a-foreign-language school, high-school, and university instructors how to improve their teaching methods by including real literature examples in their classrooms. As the class included a particularly diverse multicultural group, the authors provide concrete examples on how to approach such a classroom. By outlining the different methodologies used by the main professor and some of the techniques employed by the students themselves, this chapter explores some of the major translanguaging strategies that can be used in a multilingual classroom.


B ultrasonic technology was employed to examine the abdomen of 1076 staff members of Wuhan University of Science and Technology(Central Campus),with liver,gallbladder,spleen,kidney,urinary bladder,prostata,uterus and adnexa being the focus of examination.The results show that 18.68% of the examinees(210 against 1076)suffer from pathological changes in abdomen.The detection rate with male is 6.44%,higher than with female.These suggest that abdominal diseases are popular,especially with male and prevention measures should be strengthened.Among 201 who demonstrate pathological changes,most suffer from calculus diseases (119 or 51.97%),followed by fatty liver and cyst.This shows that the prevention of calculus,fatty liver and cyst should be paid particular attention.


This article reviews the nature of treatment and its socially centered as well as offender-centered goals, and focuses on "positive treatment programs" (PTPs) as distinguished from "drastic rehabilitation approaches." The effectiveness of PTPs in reducing illegal behavior (treatment's socially centered—and primary—goal) is discussed, and major factors underlying the "nothing works" versus "something works" controversy are outlined. Current areas of disagreement and agreement between treatment skeptics and treatment proponents are then summarized. The rationale, assumptions, goals, and major approaches to classification for treatment purposes are reviewed, as are its main advantages and current limitations. Finally, several false assumptions, stereotypes, and misunderstandings regarding treatment and its future possibilities are noted, as are its undeniable limitations as well as unique potentials.


Summary Histoplasmosis is an endemic fungal infection that causes no symptoms or minorself-limited illnesses in most cases. Severe forms are commonly reported in patients withimmunodeficiency disorders; histoplasmosis is considered to be an opportunistic infection in withAIDS. Wereport acaseofdisseminatedhistoplasmosis in patient withnoinducedactive suppression of the immune response. The infection was fulminant, and antifungaltreatment was delayed because of a misdiagnosis of tuberculosis.# 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. MOTS surtout CLES Histoplasmose consideree ;Guyane un francaise ;Miliaire L'infection ;Tuberculose Resume L'histoplasmose est une infection fongique endemique qui n'entraine aucunsymptome ou une symptomatologie mineure dans la plupart des cas. Les formes severes sont rapportees chez les patients ayant une immunodepression ; l'histoplasmose est commeuneinfectionopportunistechezlespatientsatteintsdusida.Nousrapportons cas d'histoplasmose disseminee chez un patient sans aucune immunodepression acquise. fut fulminante et la mise en place du traitement antifongique a ete retardee par undiagnostic errone de tuberculose.# 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits reserves.


A numerical study is conducted to investigate propulsion performance enhancement based on S225 experiment case of ISL (French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis)"s superdetonative ram accelerator. For govern equation, multi-species Navier-Stokes equation coupled with Baldwin-Lomax turbulence modeling is used. Govern equation is discretized by Roe"s FDS and integrated by LU-SGS time integration. Detailed chemical reaction about H 2 /O 2 /CO 2 for high pressure is considered. 2H 2 +O 2 +2.5CO 2 mixture was used for propellant gas. For the same over-driven factor, the launching speed of computation was faster than one of S225. Another configuration and condition of S225 was applied. A flame structure is very different from S225. For strong mixture case, it shows ignition by viscous effect. Acceleration and speed increment is higher than S225 computation and experiment. By using more strong mixture, propulsion performance was enhanced.


The properties of 12 POPs on the control list of 《Stockholm Convention on POPs》 is briefly discussed, and the domestic POPs's source and pollution status are introduced. It also summarizes the domestic monitoring and control technology of POPs, and points out reasonable countermeasures and advice aimed at some problems at present.


Real-time optical imaging of immune cells can contribute to understanding their pathophysiological roles, which remains challenging. Current chemiluminophores have issues of short half-lives and low brightness, limiting their ability for longitudinal monitoring of immunological processes. To tackle these issues, we report benzoazole-phenoxyl-dioxetane (BAPD)-based chemiluminophores with intramolecular hydrogen bonding for in vivo imaging of neutrophils. Compared with the classical counterpart, chemiluminescence half-lives and brightness of BAPDs in aqueous solution are increased by 21- and 8.2-folds, respectively. Based on BAPD scaffold, a neutrophil elastase-responsive chemiluminescent probe is developed for real-time imaging of neutrophils in peritonitis and psoriasis mouse models. Our study provides an intramolecular hydrogen bonding molecular design to improve the performance of chemiluminophores for advanced imaging applications.


In complex scenes, dynamic background, illumination variation, and shadow are important factors, which make conventional moving object detection algorithms suffer from poor performance. To solve this problem, a moving object detection method via ResNet-18 with encoder–decoder structure is proposed to segment moving objects from complex scenes. ResNet-18 with encoder–decoder structure possesses pixel-level classification capability to divide pixels into foreground and background, and it performs well in feature extraction because of its layers are so shallow that many more low-scale features will be retained. First, the object frames and their corresponding artificial labels are input to the network. Then, feature vectors will be generated by the encoder, and they are converted into segmentation maps by the decoder through deconvolution processing. Third, a rough matching of the moving object regions will be obtained, and finally, the Euclidean distance is used to match the moving object regions accurately. The proposed method is suitable for the scenes where dynamic background, illumination variation, and shadow exist, and experimental results on the public standard CDnet2014 and I2R datasets, from both qualitative and quantitative comparison aspects, demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms significantly, and its mean F-measure increased by 1.99%~29.17%.


The author describes a procedure for portal circulation bypass in the treatment of esophageal varices. The systemic circulation is shunted with the spleen, which is transposed extraperitoneally and thus will have a raw area on its convex surface, to adhere to the exposed muscle of the diaphragm, inner intercostal muscles of the posterior abdominal wall. The portal blood is thus partly directed to the inferior phrenic vein and the intercostal veins and ultimately drains into the azygous systems. With this procedure the ascites fluid seeps out of the peritoneal cavity along the edges of the spleen and therefore has a larger absorption surface in the extraperitoneal space, apart from the improved suprahepatic portal drainage provided.


The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) have partnered with the Government of Puerto Rico to assist in addressing barriers to the deployment of energy efficiency and renewable energy in Puerto Rico. This document provides an overview of the minimum technical requirements (MTR) for interconnection of wind power and photovoltaic generation developed by the Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority (PREPA). Integrating a large amount of variable renewable generation such as wind and solar into an electrical grid presents several potential challenges for operating a power system, particularly with small island grids like the Puerto Rico electrical system. Establishing valid technical requirements for interconnection of variable renewable generation to the electric grid is an important step in overcoming such challenges. The interconnection requirements need to address several important aspects of renewable integration such as safety, impacts on power system reliability and performance, and costs. Being an isolated island system, PREPA does not fall under Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) jurisdiction, and therefore FERC interconnection standards are not required to be applied to generators in Puerto Rico. In this regard, PREPA has developed its own set of interconnection requirements with which all transmission-level wind and solar PV generators shall comply. In this report, NREL provides an impartial third-party review of PREPA's MTRs, drawing comparisons with other similar requirements and best engineering practices. Over the course of the collaboration on the MTR review (2012-2013), PREPA revised the MTRs based on the draft review. As such, PREPA's responses to the recommendations are also included in this report. The PREPA MTRs are anticipated to constantly evolve as the level of renewable penetration increases, modeling tools are improved, and experience with system performance increases. This review is intended to assist PREPA in this process. Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge the substantial contributions to this report provided by staff at PREPA, the Governor's Office, and the Puerto Rico Energy Affairs Administration (PREAA). NREL worked closely with staff from PREPA, PREAA, and the Governor's Office throughout the technical review of PREPA's MTRs to ensure accurate understanding of Puerto Rico's electricity grid and the status of renewable energy integration. The authors would like to particularly thank Martin Perez, Luis Francis, Alvin Roman (PREPA) and Efrain O'Neill (Governor's Energy Affairs Advisor) for their significant contributions and support of this effort, especially for reviewing the recommendations and providing a summary of PREPA's responses. The authors would also like to thank Jennifer DeCesaro and Steve Lindenberg from DOE who sponsored this work, this effort could not have been completed without their support and involvement. This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) iv at www.nrel.gov/publications. List of Abbreviations and Acronyms AGC automatic generation control DER distributed energy resources DFIG double-fed induction generator ERCOT Electric Reliability Council of Texas FESTIV Flexible Energy Scheduling Tool for Integration of Variable Generation FRT fault ride-through HECO Hawaiian Electric Company HVRT high-voltage ride-through Hz hertz IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IEEE Institute of Electrical Engineers & Electronics Engineers kV kilovolt LVRT low-voltage ride-through ms millisecond MTR minimum technical requirements MVA mega volt ampere MVAR mega volt ampere reactive MW megawatt NERC North American Electric Reliability Corporation PFR primary frequency response PSLF Positive Sequence Load Flow POI point of interconnection PQ power quality PPA power purchase agreement PRC protection and control PREPA Puerto Rico Electric Power Authority PSCAD power systems computer aided design PSS/E power system simulation for engineering PV photovoltaic RR ramp rate SCADA supervisory control and data acquisition SCR short circuit ratio STATCOM static synchronous compensator SVC static VAR compensator VAR volt ampere reactive VRS voltage regulation system WPP wind power plant WTG wind turbine generator ZVRT zero-voltage ride-through This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) v at www.nrel.gov/publications. Table of


The consumption of food produced without chemical supplies and agrotoxics, coming from organic production systems, is growing in Brazil and worldwide. These foods are coming to market in different ways. Thus, this paper demonstrates the major forms of marketing of organic products in Porto Alegre, are the raw or those who have gone through a process of processing or manufacturing. For this, were visited five organic products fairs, supermarkets, specialized stores, websites which market the products online (baskets) and restaurants in Porto Alegre/RS. The work was developed in two steps, in the first fairs were visited and in the second commercial establishments. Results demonstrated that there is more supply of organic fresh food in fairs, while industrialized are predominant in other marketing channels.


Partial coverage restorations have been used in Prosthodontic practice with variable success rates. Resin Bonded Restorations have been used successfully since 1973. With modifications in design of prosthesis, the need for preparation and with advancements in adhesive technology, the success rate has improved drastically. This treatment option is technique sensitive, but it conserves the natural tooth structure and provides desirable esthetic outcome. Proper case selection and treatment planning is utmost important for execution and success of resin bonded restorations.


Changes in the function of land on the riverbanks into residential areas have triggered a large amount of organic material that enters into river water, causing river water to degradation in quality. If we ignored this, it will trigger the growth of pathogenic bacteria that endanger human life. One alternative way to overcome the degradation in river water quality due to increased organic material is using the MBBR method with bamboo as its media. This one of method that uses the growth of bacteria attached to the media to reduce the organic material content in river water. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect piece of bamboo media and the biggest effectiveness value of reducing BOD and COD levels in Muding Kaja tributary water with a determined of filling ratio, dissolved oxygen and detention time. The results show that the highest effectiveness using the MBBR method with bamboo media can reduce BOD level until 90,946 % with filling ratio 30% and time detention as long 5 hours and reduce COD level until 30,435 % by using filling ratio 30% and time detention for 5 hours. From this research we can conclude that MBBR method using bamboo as media affected to reduce BOD5 dan COD level. MBBR Method  very efffective to reduce BOD5 level and less effective to reduce COD level in water river.
Keywords: River water pollution, Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor, Bamboo media, Effectiveness


The heat-treatment conditions of Bi-doped iron garnet films for magnetooptical recording prepared by pyrolysis onto glass substrates were studied. The effects of impurities such as Li, Na, Rb, and Cs were also studied. A low annealing temperature for crystallization and a low drying temperature were found to be effective in improving the morphology of the films. Doping with Na, Rb, and Cs were effective for obtaining films having improved morphology. It made coercivity lower and also made the Faraday hysteresis loop square compared with nondoped films. The rate of crystallization of the films doped with these impurities (except Li) was made much higher than for nondoped films. >


From the characteristics of the Chinese health-care market,the reimbursement mechanism for public hospitals was discussed after the dispense was separated from Prescription(SDP) reform.Considering the optimal resource allocation,a signaling game model was used to balance between public hospitals and the government.According to the analysis of equilibrium between the two parties,it is found that the efficiency of separating equilibrium would decrease as the disguised cost and expected risk cost move downwards.In order to reach the completely successful separating equilibrium solution,the government should maintain the above two costs at high levels.It is pointed that relevant policies should focus on establishing association standard for the health-care industry as well as improving the supervision efficiency.


Lunar floor‐fractured craters are characterized by the occurrence of radial and concentric grabens, and while their formation mechanism was broadly studied in literature, the relationships between displacement and length of the faults, together with the fault growth, were never examined. We produced a semiautomated Python‐based script able to analyze all the parameters required for this study: displacement, length, width of the grabens, and power law relationship between displacement and length. The results of our investigation, carried on in Komarov, Humboldt, and Atlas craters, showed a sublinear fault growth, suggesting that for some reason the increase in displacement is not linear with respect to length. This can result from the interplay of mechanical discontinuities related to the stratigraphy (which cause a vertical fault restriction, preventing the displacement from developing in depth), and to linkage phenomena. The Dmax/L ratios that resulted from our analyses are higher than previously predicted for the Moon and appear more similar to the values observed on Earth. The slip distribution revealed different stages of fault interaction within the same crater, while the overall maturity of the grabens seems to be significantly high based on the observed symmetry of the grabens. Moreover, our code (public and accessible) can facilitate future works that aim to widen our knowledge about the lunar faults' growth, with all the implications that can improve our understanding of the faults' behavior.


This paper describes problems and solutions in constructing Web-based enterprise systems with distributed object technology. Since Java was announced, distributed object-oriented technology has been arousing much interest in the Web environment. It does not negate HTML; but rather has been accepted as a technology to strongly support the Web environment in such areas as client-side processing and communication traffic optimization, together with its descriptive capability. The systems that will be required for network computing in the future must be mutually cooperative and be equipped with expandability to cope with the scaling up of the network. When such a background is considered, the distributed object is well-suited for the communication infrastructure for application development in a Web environment. On the other hand, as for the distributed object-based communication traffic and architecture, there are many things that can be determined only by actual trials, such as whether satisfactory performance can be achieved in an Internet environment. This paper concentrates on issues to consider when investigating the applicability of using distributed object technology in the Internet environment.


The most important assignment of this thesis was creating a software which will be used to learn programming. Although this software is made for fifth and sixth grade students, it can be used by anyone who is eager to learn basic programming concepts. Before we started to describe the software itself, there was a short review of some existing software which are intended to be used by the similar user group. Secondly, there was an explanation of some important implementation details. Furthermore, the software portrayal is separated to chapters which correspond to different programming concepts. These concepts are: variables, input, if-statement, loops. The course of this thesis follows the course of software user experience. This way, the reader is included in each step of the user's experience and is able to be aware of the user's current knowledge level. In conclusion, there is a critical review of this software. The author gives her opinion about this software's advantages and improvement options.


1. reducer (4) of the electric drive (1) for driving a household screen effect, the reducer comprises a down step having a sun gear (42) meshed with at least one planetary gear (46, 46 ', 46 ''), rotating around the respective shaft (47, 47 ', 47' ') and located in the drum (45), wherein the planetary gear meshes with the fixed wheel (48) to drive the drum about a rotation axis (X4) characterized in that it further comprises first guide means (43) and serving for driving the rotation of the sun gear (42) and for driving the drum (45) about the rotational axis (X4). ! 2. Gear unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the second guide means (44) likewise serves for driving the rotation of the sun gear (42), wherein the second guide means is arranged in the drum (45). ! 3. Gearbox according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first guide means (43) attached to the drum. ! 4. Gear unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first guide means (43) includes the bore (431), which serves for driving the rotation of the sun gear (42) and at least a radially outer portion (432, 433) serving for driving the drum (45). ! 5. Gear unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the portion of the guide means (43, 44) for the sun gear is located inside the drum. ! 6. Gear unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first guide means (43) includes the portion (431) axially overlapping the drum (45) and a portion (432) extending axially from the drum. ! 7. Gearbox according to claim 1 or 2, distinguished


WiMax, includes a rich set of MAC layer features. The use of retransmission algorithms for supporting reliable delivery in the presence of errors is optional, so the standard defines two types of connections: Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ)-enabled connections and non-ARQ connections. A SDU (Service data Unit) is logically partitioned into ARQ blocks, which represent the basic units of transmission and retransmission. As a complex system, the need for a clear and unambiguous specification is very important. Thus, we have studied the ARQ operation as defined in the specification for protocol verification. We have found several issues in specification of the ARQ operation. We describe the problems found in the specification and propose some solutions. So, we use Colored Petri Nets (CPNs) to model the improved specification of the ARQ operation. Then, the CPN model is analyzed for correct behavior. Finally we present a new ARQ transmit block state machine.


A book embedding of a graph consists of a linear ordering of the vertices along the spine of a book and an assignment of edges to pages so that edges on the same page do not intersect. The minimum number of pages in which a graph can be embedded is its pagenumber. The following results are presented: (1) any graph of genus g has pagenumber O( square root g); and (2) most n-vertex d-regular graphs have pagenumber Omega ( square root dn/sup 1/2-1/d/).<<ETX>>


Occam's razor - a blunt instrument on the laws of nature biological aspects of the philosophy of mind reply to Popper's attack on epiphenomenalism thoughts on Popper a critique of some aspects of human ethology book review of "The Chief Abstractions of Human Values" by George Edgin Pugh human behaviour and biology neuropsychology vis-a-vis Skinner's behaviouristic psychology social aspects of rationality morality and determinism morality and determinism - a reply to Flew Wittgenstein on Jews - some counter-examples moderate relativism and psychological sets quantum mechanics and consciousness some comments on methods and statements in parapsychology and other sciences on the possible roots of consciousness and variations on themes by Hebb.


Base on the needs of network data transport and service integration in E-commerce Web System,realizes data exchange between different systems with XML's promise of cross-platform support for applications. Transform the data from Microsoft Server2000 to the XML documents under the Windows platform,thus realizes the data content and the form complete separation,uses the XSL cascading style sheet to show different styles of pages.


Purpose: In‐vivo PET range verification relies on the comparison of measured and simulated activity distributions. The accuracy of the simulated distribution depends on the accuracy of the Monte Carlo code, which is in turn dependent on the accuracy of the available cross sections data for β+ isotope production. We have explored different cross section data available in the literature for the main reaction channels (16O(p,pn)15O, 12C(p,pn)11C and 16O(p,3p3n)11C) contributing to the production of β+ isotopes by proton beams in patients. Methods: Available experimental and theoretical values were implemented in the simulation and compared with measured PETimages obtained with a high‐resolution PET scanner. Each reaction channel was studied independently. A phantom with three different materials was built, two of them with high carbon or oxygen concentration and a third one with average soft tissue composition. Monoenergetic and SOBP field irradiations of the phantom were accomplished and measured PETimages were compared with simulation results. Results: Different cross section values for the tissue‐equivalent material lead to range differences below 1 mm when a 5 min scan time was employed and close to 5 mm differences for a 30 min scan time with 15 min delay between irradiation and scan (a typical off‐line protocol). Conclusion: The results presented here emphasize the need of more accurate measurement of the cross section values of the reaction channels contributing to the production of PETisotopes by proton beams before this in‐vivo range verification method can achieve mm accuracy.


The effects of n-type dopant (P, As) concentration in silicon (100), temperature, and oxidizing species on native oxide growth in liquid water are described. The oxide growth on phosphorus (P)- and arsenic (As)-doped n+-Si surfaces (1020 cm-3) in ultrapure water exhibits saturation of oxide thickness, suggesting a field-assisted mechanism. Oxide thickness saturation was also found on n-Si in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) solution or in H2O2 solution in the presence of a platinum (Pt) mesh that creates oxidizing radicals or ions. The oxide growth rate in ultrapure water increases with an increase of temperature.


Concrete-timber composite floor is a construction technique combining two materials, concrete and timber, connected together using some form of interlayer shear connectors either positioned discretely or continuously along the span of the floor. The interlayer connections provide the desired composite action, where the degree of this composite action is governed by the types of connection system used in the concrete-timber composite system. This analytical method. The analytical method here refers to a design procedure known as Gamma Method recommended in the Eurocode 5 Annex B for bending stiffness, (EI)eff. This quantity obtained experimentally and analytically was compared and the reliability of Gamma method was investigated. concrete-timber composite system. In this method, the specific quantity to express the structural performance of the composite system is the effective paper presents the preliminary study on the structural performance of a proposed triple-T precast concrete-timber composite floor subjected to collapse load. The structural performance derived experimentally through four-point bending collapse test was compared to the same performance established using


Different populations of barracouta (Scombriformes: Acinaceidae), the principal Australian fish of commerce, have been recognized by a study of differences in the following: spawning season; size composition of adult stock; and seasonal movements and annual fluctuations as revealed by records of catch and fishing effort. Tagging experiments gave little information because of the low rate of commercial exploitation of the populations. There are probably five populations in southern coastal waters, which make migrations to certain areas as follows: one in winter and spring to eastern Victoria and southern New South Wales, one from spring to autumn to Bass Strait and its western approaches, one in summer and autumn to eastern Tasmania, one in autumn and winter to South Australia and western Victoria, and one (possibly not distinct from the previous population) in autumn and winter to the south coast of Western Australia. Spawning and feeding take place in the course of these migrations. Little is known about the populations when they are not migrating, but the three first-mentioned groups all appear to seek the neighbourhood of eastern Bass Strait between the migratory seasons. The fish prefer waters of about 13-180C and tend to vacate areas when they become cooler or warmer than this. Only the Bass Strait and eastern Tasmanian populations are significantly fished and the size of the catches is generally governed by the demand. However, there have been occasional years of scarcity, such as 1950-51 and 1951-52 in Bass Strait and 1951-52 in eastern Tasmania. These represent natural fluctuations (there is no evidence of depletion of any population) and for the Bass Strait population they are probably fluctuations in availability in the fishing areas rather than in abundance of the whole population. It is considered that the combined Australian populations could yield 10 times as much as the present annual catch of 6,000,000 Ib (beheaded and cleaned) when fluctuations were not adverse.


The Dutch Masters Exhibition at the National Gallery of Victoria is the most comprehensive display of seventeenth-century Dutch art ever seen in Australia. Rarely has a school of art emerged which so effectively captures a crucial moment of social, economic and artistic change. But this exhibition pushes us to go further and ponder just what it was that happened in Europe at the time that makes these works so strikingly exceptional and also strangely contemporary. Works by Jacob van Ruisdael, Pieter Jansz Saenredam, Hans Holbein, Nicolaes Maes, Alrecht Durer, Jan Steen and others are discussed.


Secondary analysis of Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Study longitudinal data explored family, parent, and child factors that contribute to the use of physical discipline with infants and toddlers. The sample included mothers (N = 1,580) who self reported the use of spanking at 14, 24, and 36 months. Eighteen percent of the mothers (n = 287) indicated that their children experienced consistent physical discipline. Data were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Participation in parenting classes resulted in a 30% reduction in the use of physical discipline. For every year older the mother was at the birth of the child, there was a 7% decrease in physical discipline. Increased knowledge of child development reduced spanking by 35%. Implications for social work practice with families of young children are discussed.


Leadership and management are essential elements for successful, rights-based family planning programs and can help ensure resources are used effectively to achieve results.1–4 Strong leadership and management create a culture of excellence and improved health system performance, ultimately contributing to improved health outcomes (Figure 1).1,5–8 Reports from a study conducted in semiurban areas of East Africa, Francophone West Africa, India, and Nigeria among participants across tiers of local health governance showed that themes related to leadership and management issues were perceived as "essential elements for scaling up locally-driven family planning programs."9


The major problem in the process of mixing fluids (for instance liquid-liquid mixers) is turbulence, which is the outcome of the function of the equipment (engine). Fractal mixing is an alternative method that has symmetry and is predictable. Therefore, fractal structures and fractal reactors find importance. Using F α -fractal calculus, in this paper, we derive exact F α -differential forms of an ideal gas. Depending on the dimensionality of space, we should first obtain the integral staircase function and mass function of our geometry. When gases expand inside the fractal structure because of changes from the i + 1 iteration to the i iteration, in fact, we are faced with fluid mixing inside our fractal structure, which can be described by physical quantities P, V, and T. Finally, for the ideal gas equation, we calculate volume expansivity and isothermal compressibility.


Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis), belongs to a class of cyanobacteria. It is a free-floating filamentous microalgae and is also capable of photosynthesis. The nutritional content of Spirulina reveals high content of protein (60-70% by dry weight), vitamins, minerals, essential fatty acids, and other nutrients. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) position paper describes Arthrospira platensis as follows: "An easily digestible high protein product with high levels of beta-carotene, vitamin B12, iron and trace minerals, and the rare essential fatty acid γ-linolenic acid also called gammalinolenic acid (GLA), or omega-6". Arthrospira platensis has been generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for human consumption. Human clinical studies and animal studies over the past several decades support such notion. Also, FDA had no question on the GRAS notice of Arthrospira platensis.


The effective route to preventing the fire of large city complex is to do well in daily fire prevention. Based on the study of the possible danger in large city complex,it paper analyzes the existing problems from two aspects of fire- prevention design and fire- prevention management; this paper also proposes some measures to improve the comprehensive preventing ability of large city complex from the four perspectives: design and construction,fire management,publicity and education and promoting the fire protecting performance of the external thermal insulation materials.


Ascertained in this analysis was the extent to which inequities existed in the number of days that Texas Grade 9, 10, and 11 students were assigned to an exclusionary discipline consequence (i.e., in-school suspension, out-of-school suspension) by the ethnicity/race for the 2015-2016, 2016-2017, and 2017-2018 school years. Inferential statistical procedures revealed the presence of statistically significant disparities in all three school years and at all three grade levels. At every grade level and school year, Black girls were assigned to more days in an in-school suspension than were Hispanic girls and White girls. For out-of-school suspensions across all three school years, Black girls were assigned to an out-of-school suspension statistically significantly more days than Hispanic girls and White girls, and Hispanic girls were assigned statistically significantly more days than White girls with the exception of Grade 10 in 2016-2017, and Grade 11 in 2016-2017 and 2017-2018.


Thank you for reading el gran libro de la navidad. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their favorite novels like this el gran libro de la navidad, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some infectious virus inside their desktop computer. el gran libro de la navidad is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our book servers hosts in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the el gran libro de la navidad is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The interest in nephrology career has been declined in the west as per the recent data available from national residency match program; in contrast Nephrology continues to attract applicants in India. This short paper describes the features of Nephrology that continue to make it an attractive specialty for physician-trainees in India, and how some of these features can be exported to the United States.


Taking into consideration the whole history of geological development of the Western Donbas, data on composition and grade of С12 series coal involved information about the geotectonic development of the Basin. To satisfy the objectives, a system of research methods, covering petrographic, computational, statistical, chronological, comparative and other methods, has been applied. In the process of identification of the petrographic composition and grade of series С12coal on the territory of the Prydniprovia Block, and determination of lateral regularities of their change as well as change in stratigraphic section of the Lower Carboniferous, data of petrographic as well as chemical and technological indices of the coal seam c1 were generalized along with data of all seams of С13 series. The activities helped define genetic features of series С12coal as well as stratigraphic and lateral regularities of changes in the coal composition. The differences in the petrographic composition as well as in the chemical and technological characteristics of series С12 and С13 are indicative of dissimilar conditions of formation of their peat depositions. It has been determined that compared with С13 series coal, the coal of С12 series contains more humidity and fewer mineral impurities. It is characterized by higher values of sulfur content, volatile-matter content, and combustion heat. The ultimate composition of coal seams of С12series is characterized by smaller values of carbon and oxygen contents as well as greater hydrogen content. The conclusions on common features and differences in the petrographic composition as well as chemical and technological features of coal seams of С12and С13 series, and regularities of their changes over the area of the seam occurrence was assessed.


This paper presents results of experimental examinations of stress concentration influence to fatigue life of butt welded joints with K-groove, produced from the most frequently used structural steel S355J2+N. One group of experiments comprised examinations carried out on the K-groove specimens with stress concentrators of edged notch type. Specimens with short cracks (limited length of initial crack), defined on the basis of the experience from fracture mechanics by the three points bending examinations, have been examined according to standard for the determination of S-N curve, and aimed to determine fatigue strengths for different lengths of initial crack and Relationship between fatigue strength and crack length. Other group of experiments comprised examinations of specimens with edge notch, prepared in accordance with ASTM E 399 for three points bending, in order to establish regularity between crack growth and range of exerted stress intensity factor aimed to determine resistance of welded joint to initial crack growth, namely fatigue threshold


Discusses the Supreme Court decision in AXA General Insurance Ltd, Petitioners on whether Scottish legislation which reversed a House of Lords ruling concerning the actionability of certain asbestos-related conditions breached insurers' rights.


Background: Stress and saffron seem to affect glucoregulation mechanisms and insulin resistance in different ways. Impacts of the aqueous saffron extract were investigated on serum glucose levels, serum insulin levels, the homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-B), the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), adrenal weight, and hepatic gene expression of angiotensinogen (Agt) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in rats under sub-chronic stress. Materials and Methods: Forty-two male rats were divided into six groups: control, restraint stress (6h/day for seven days), saffron (30 and 60 mg/kg) treatments for seven days, and post-stress saffron (30 and 60 mg/kg) treatments for seven days. The serum glucose and insulin levels, hepatic gene expressions of Agt and TNF-α, HOMA-IR, HOMA-B, and adrenal gland weight were measured. Results: One-week recovery following sub-chronic stress led to non-significant hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. The hepatic Agt and TNF-α mRNA levels increased significantly in this group. Saffron administration led to enhanced hepatic Agt mRNA in the non-stressed subjects. In addition, serum glucose levels, insulin resistance, and hepatic Agt gene expression significantly increased in stress-saffron groups. The hepatic TNF-α gene expression was reduced only in the stress-saffron 60 group. Conclusion: Saffron treatment after sub-chronic stress not only did not improve glucose tolerance but also enhanced insulin resistance. It indicated the interaction of saffron and sub-chronic stress to promote renin-angiotensin system activity. In addition, the saffron treatment decreased TNF-α gene expression after sub-chronic stress. The synergistic stimulating effect of saffron and sub-chronic stress on gene expression of hepatic Agt led to insulin resistance and hyperglycemia.


Full-duplex communication has the potential to substantially increase the throughput in wireless networks. However, the benefits of full-duplex are still not well understood. In this paper, we characterize the full-duplex rate gains in both single-channel and multi-channel use cases. For the single-channel case, we quantify the rate gain as a function of the remaining self-interference and SNR values. We also provide a sufficient condition under which the sum of uplink and downlink rates on a full-duplex channel is concave in the transmission power levels. Building on these results, we consider the multi-channel case. For that case, we introduce a new realistic model of a small form-factor (e.g., smartphone) full-duplex receiver and demonstrate its accuracy via measurements. We study the problem of jointly allocating power levels to different channels and selecting the frequency of maximum self-interference suppression, where the objective is maximizing the sum of the rates over uplink and downlink OFDM channels. We develop a polynomial time algorithm which is nearly optimal under very mild restrictions. To reduce the running time, we develop an efficient nearly-optimal algorithm under the high SINR approximation. Finally, we demonstrate via numerical evaluations the capacity gains in the different use cases and obtain insights into the impact of the remaining self-interference and wireless channel states on the performance.


WFhe greatest power to assure or deny rights to the individual patient on a day-to-day basis lies with the nonprofessional ward staff of the mental health facility. Therefore, mental health facilities need to be aware of the attitudes of their ward personnel toward each mdividual right specified by law as well as toward general categories of rights. Why is it important to assess staff attitudes? Although research makes it clear that attitudes cannot always be equated with overt behavior, there are correlations between the two.1 On a practical level, it seems doubtful that a psychiatric aide who disagrees with a certain right will try to ensure that it is scrupulously guaranteed to each patient. Educational programs and personnel policies can be formulated to deal with specific issues concerning patients' rights, but first the problem areas must be identified. Informal questioning of psychiatric aides at Warm Springs (Mont. ) State Hospital indicated that they generally agreed with many of the rights guaranteed to patients under state law. They included the rights of patients to privacy and dignity, to wear their own clothes, to regular physical exercise, to prompt and adequate medical attention for physical ailments, to a diet providing the recommended daily dietary allowances, and to a humane psychological and physical environment. Some of the aides did express reservations about other patients' rights. To explore the negative attitudes further, we developed a questionnaire asking the respondent to express agreement (agree or strongly agree), disagreement (disagree or strongly disagree), or no opinion (indifferent) about ten rights, guaranteed to patients under state law, that the informal questioning


A pot culture experiment was conducted to understand the plant growth, physiological and biochemical changes in banana due to root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on cv, Robusta (AAA). The highest phenol content and peroxidase activity was observed in plants inoculated with 10,000 nematodes per plant. Accumulation of sugar was higher in un inoculated plants (0.60g/100g) compared to the plants inoculated with 10,000 nematodes (0.30/100g) which recorded the lowest concentration of sugar. The physiological parameters like chlorophyll content were recorded maximum in un inoculated plants whereas the lowest chlorophyll content was observed in plants inoculated with 10,000 nematodes.


The study aimed to identify barriers/impediments in accessing health care facilities in vulnerable tribal community. A community-based cross-sectional observation on health service utilization was carried out among the vulnerable Saharia tribe in Sheopur district of Madhya Pradesh. The data was gathered by skilled investigators from influencing community members during August to October 2020. Relevant information's was collected from 212 respondents from 40 villages. Out of 40 village, 16(40%) of which were health facility villages located <5 km radius of health centers i.e. PHCs, SHCs and HWCs, and 24(60%) from non-health facility villages located >5 km radius of any of these health centers.The study found that three common barriers emerged; majorly as lack of awareness, misconception of child immunization and inadequate behavior of health care workers in both health facility village (located<5 km radius of health centers) and non-health facility village(located>5 km radius of health centers). Further, these barriers are considerably affected in non-health facility village along with the public transportation facility and poor road conditions (45.3%) in comparison to health facility villages' (32.1%).Identified barriers in accessing health care facility is more startling in non-health facility villages as compared to health facility villages. These explored barriers need to be minimized through effective implementation research and strategy among vulnerable community in favor of achieving universal health coverage (UHC) particular in rural and remote regions.


In the United States, nonpartisan acclaim for the practice of infant adoption has allowed the adoptive family to serve as exemplary and persuasive construct worthy of uncritical investment and absolute protection. The rhetorical promise of adoption thus allows dramatic moments of social change—mostly regressive—to draw on this widespread appeal.


Milkfish Chanos chanos is considered as the fourth largest aquaculture product. Collagen peptides from milkfish scales (MSCP) were used to evaluate the characteristics including moisturizing, transepidermal water loss rate (TEWL), anti-skin aging estimation by the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, anti-melanogenesis, and sun protection factor (SPF). MSCP revealed the excellent capacity of moisture absorption and was increased to 20% moisture absorption rate after 4 h at 44% and 65% relative humidities. This result also corresponds to the result of TEWL. On gelatin zymography assay, the inhibition of MMPs treated with MSCP at 1 mg/mL was observed, preventing the gelatin from degradation. Moreover, the effectiveness results of MSCP in inhibiting tyrosinase activity and melanin production were 752.4 and 887.1 µg/mL, respectively, at the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). However, the SPF of MSCP spread at a dose of 20 mg/cm2 was only 1.09, thereby indicating that MSCP was not suitable as a sunscreen alone. MSCP was recognized as safe according to the cell cycle distribution analysis of flow cytometry. Consequently, MSCP could be modulated as moisturizers, anti-skin aging and skin-whitening agents for applications of cosmeceuticals. Thus, the milkfish scales can be converted into the useful by-products and decrease the environmental pollution.


We clarify the interplay and competition between disorder and flat band in the Creutz ladder with inter-particle interactions focusing on the system's dynamics. Without disorder, the Creutz ladder exhibits flat-band many-body localization (FMBL). In this work, we find that disorder generates drastic effects on the system, i.e., addition of it induces a thermal phase first and further increase of it leads the system to the conventional many-body-localized (MBL) phase. The competition gives novel localization properties and unconventional quench dynamics to the system. We first draw the global sketch of the localization phase diagram by focusing on the two-particle system. The thermal phase intrudes between the FMBL and MBL phases, the regime of which depends on the strength of disorder and interactions. Based on the two-particle phase diagram and the properties of the quench dynamics, we further investigate finite-filling cases in detail. At finite-filling fractions, we again find that the interplay/competition between the interactions and disorder in the original flat-band Creutz ladder induces thermal phase, which separate the FMBL and MBL phases. We also verify that the time evolution of the system coincides with the static phase diagrams. For suitable fillings, the conservation of the initial-state information and low-growth entanglement dynamics are also observed. These properties depend on the strength of disorder and interactions.


rhythms, melodic structures, harmonies, and lyrics in the songs we hear. This article focuses on what may be the most important of these aspects: rhythm. We examine the mathematics of some rhythmic structures common in popular and folk music. Anyone who listens to rock music is familiar with the repeated drum beat?one, two, three, four?based on a 4/4 measure. Fifteen minutes listening to a Top 40 ra dio station offers evidence enough that most rock music has this basic beat (Audio Example l).1 But if we tune the radio to different frequencies, we may hear popular music (jazz, Latin, African) with different characteristic rhythms (Audio Example 2). Although much of this music is also based on the 4/4 measure, some instruments play repeated patterns that are not synchronized with the 4/4 beat, creating syncopation? an exciting tension between different components of the rhythm. This article is con cerned with classifying and counting rhythms that are maximally syncopated in the sense that, even when shifted, they cannot be synchronized with the division of a mea sure into two parts. In addition, we discuss rhythms that cannot be aligned with other even divisions of the measure. Our results have a surprising application to rhythmic canons.


A four-camera system is employed to measure three-dimensional (3D) displacements on both the front and back surfaces of a single-edge-notched polypropylene plate undergoing combined compression and out-of-plane bending. A methodology was developed to ensure that both systems employed a common coordinate system for defining the deformations on the front and back surfaces.

 Using the image pairs obtained simultaneously by both stereo-vision systems, the full 3D displacement and strain history on both sides of the specimen are measured during the loading process by using the 3D digital image correlation (DIC) technique, including the crack path, load-surface crack extension curve, load versus actuator displacement curve, crack front profiles and 3D displacement and strain fields. It is found that crack growth only occurs on the front side of the specimen where tensile stresses are present; there is no crack growth on the back side where compression occurs. A computational model is also established to reconstruct the failure process based on a simplified geometry model and nodal release technique. Good agreements are reached on the measured and predicted results on deformation, strain fields, load-crack extension curves.


BiZZdesign is a company that develops tools for business processes and architecture modelling. With these tools customers handle models that conform to changeable meta-models. BiZZdesign currently supplies its customers with a repository that stores the models as atomic units. The meta-models can not be stored. Operational problems appear when models get too big. Moreover the repository can not interoperate with other tools. In this thesis we address
the enhancement of this repository for:
1. Storing the meta-models to which the models conform;
2. Allow the connecting tools to be scalable with respect to the size of the models
3. Allowing it to interoperate with other tools than that of BiZZdesign


The meeting focused on the science and technology of cold fusion (CF) and lattice-assisted nuclear reactions (LANR). In 1989, the initial failures of cold fusion resulted from bad experiments, bad paradigm, materials issues, poor loadings and a poor appreciation of the requisite metallurgy and engineering. Today, those issues are resolved, and particle emission, excess energy, excess power gain and commensurate linked helium-4 production with excess heat are undeniable, along with increasing power gains and total energies achieved since 1989. Together, these herald an important new, clean form of energy production, fusion assisted by highly loaded metal hydrides—cold fusion or LANR. At this year's CF/LANR Colloquium at MIT there were 23 presentations. LANR nanomaterials headlined the talks, only to be surpassed by patent issues, Rossi's contribution and recent high technologic developments in LANR. Plenary lectures in LANR were delivered by Dr. International Corporation). Another eight presentations were given, followed by group discussions of the Rossi matter, present LANR/CF business opportunities and the U.S. Patent Office quagmire. This year's event proved successful, according to the 70+ attendees who gathered for the two-day conference. on the background of the colloquia and highlighted three plenary talks from Saturday's session (two by Swartz and one by Hagelstein). In this second report, the remainder of the plenary talks and shorter presentations will be discussed. presented " A Clean Nuclear Energy Using Hydrogen and Condensed Matter Nuclear Science. " Conventional nuclear energy systems are accompanied by nuclear radiation, consisting of neutron and gamma radiation and potential nuclear contamination. Li has focused on pioneering work in LANR/CF over the past twenty years because it can transform hydrogen into nuclear energy and avoid potential nuclear contamination. Theoretically, he notes that both nuclear fission and nuclear fusion are heavily reliant upon nuclear resonance involving thermalized neutrons, precisely because the resonance enhances the cross-section of the nuclear reactions. Li has focused on six reactions (d+t, d+d, d+ 3 He, t+T, t+ 3 He and p+D) used as examples of resonant tunneling through a thermalized proton model. He reasons that, indeed, the resonance of thermal protons might play a similar, key role in enhancing the cross-section of nuclear reactions in LANR/CF. There, a greatly enhanced tunneling through the Coulomb barrier, due to the resonance involving thermal protons, results because of the wave nature of the thermal protons inside the metal-hydrides. Li began with the identification of low-lying nuclear energy levels which might …


Purpose

Similar to religion, spirituality is considered a private affair along with issues of faith, hope, and love (Palmer, 1998). American public education has been reluctant to address such issues due to our cultural norm of "separation of church and state" (Love and Talbot, 2000, p. 1) yet the American Council for Education calls upon higher education to provide students ways to explore their personal values, world beliefs, and spirituality (Chickering et al., 2006; Dalton and Crosby, 2006). As such, the purpose of this paper is to explore student leaders' perspectives on how leadership development activities influenced their sense of spirituality.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative case study design was used to explore responses from ten student leaders who completed a leadership development program in the Spring 2015 at a public four-year institution. As part of the leadership development program, students were paired a peer mentor while they completed leadership workshops, a reflection paper, self-assessment, and an ongoing community service project painting murals with individuals who have intellectual disabilities. Participants were from various majors and religious backgrounds and had completed the leadership development program two months prior to their participation in this study.

Findings

Findings revealed that leadership workshops, self-assessment, reflections, peer-to-peer mentorship, and an ongoing shared community service project, influenced students' perspectives of spirituality and their leadership identity. Student leaders both did and did not differentiate the developmental process of leadership from the spiritual development process, defining both as cognitive and emotional development deeply grounded in self-awareness. Study participants shared that through self-reflection, developing their inter and intra personal skills through conducting service, shaped their understanding of their spiritual identity and developed their sense of self.

Research limitations/implications

Study results are not generalizable but provide insight into the experiences and perceptions of student leaders on two hard-to-define topics: spirituality and leadership. The order of the interview questions may have influenced the thought process leading up to student's responses connecting spirituality and leadership concepts. Another limitation is that the leadership activities were designed and coordinated by the lead investigator. Hence, there may be findings that were influenced by the investigators' personal beliefs about leadership. Study participants may have also felt more comfortable discussing their beliefs about spirituality because of their familiarity with the lead investigator.

Practical implications

Results support the notion that non-faith based public institutions may intentionally support the spiritual development of students through the context of leadership development program activities. Approaching spiritual and leadership development through Baxter Magolda's (2009) theory of self-authorship allows students to experience new activities coupled with personal self-reflection, to deepen their self-understanding, compassion for others, and self-awareness. This learning is an ongoing process that expands as students engage in contemplative practices such as mindfulness training provided through leadership workshops, self-reflection, and peer-to-peer interactions and self-assessment.

Social implications

This case study illustrates that intentionally designed and implemented leadership development programs may cultivate both the spiritual and leadership identities and behaviors of students. Also, this study reveals that spirituality and leadership are not mutually exclusive processes because both are deeply rooted in connecting to our community, connecting to our greater purpose and our higher consciousness about who we are and how we treat others. Hence, this work may support educators develop more compassionate and empathetic students who are agents of positive social change.

Originality/value

This qualitative case study suggests a new framework for public institutions to support students' leadership and spiritual development through the theoretical framework of self-authorship. As such, educators can stop being fearful about discussing religion, spirituality, and matters of the heart if they use this framework to design leadership developmental activities.


The text, The Ordained Ministry, of the 1971 meeting of the commission in Louvain contains a separate chapter about mutual recognition of ministries: "VII Mutual Acceptance of Ministry." The most frequent criticism is connected with a feeling of imbalance in what is being asked of episcopal and non-episcopal churches. The episcopal churches are asked only to recognize the apostolicity of the ordained ministry and the exercise of a ministry of oversight within the non-episcopal churches, while the non-episcopal churches are asked to carry out a fundamental change of their church structure.Keywords: episcopal churches; mutual recognition; ordained ministry


Based on the data observed from the Yamadu Hydrometric Station in Ili River trunk, adopting the average method and correlative method to analyze the evaporation reduction coefficient of small evaporation pan and E-601 type, and analysing error examinations. The result shows that computation accuracy is better. It provided a scientific basis for using the small evaporation pan data of long series.


Citrix announced its financial results for second quarter 2015. The revenues for the second quarter were $797 million for an increase of 2% compared to Q2 ...