The study utilized a pretest-posttest experimental design which focused on the effects of multimedia in teaching reading on the English performance of Grade I learners.The subjects of this study involved 28 Grade I learners in Batuan Elementary School, Calubian South District, Calubian, Leyte.Descriptive Statistics such as mean, percentage, and frequency count were used to describe the respondents' scores in the pretest, posttest, incremental scores, and quizzes. The t-test was also used to determine the differences of learners in the control and experimental groups in terms of pretest, posttest, incremental, and quizzes. The highlights of the findings are as follows:The learners' performance in the pretest and posttest in the experimental group indicated a good performance compared to the control group based on their test scores. There is a significant difference in the pretest and posttest performance in the control group with its computed t=2.00 greater than the table value of 1.706. There is a significant difference in the pretest and posttest performance in experimental group and the scores of the two tests had a computed t=4.02 greater than the table value of 1.706. There is a significant difference in the posttest performance between the control and experimental groups considering the t=3.8 higher than the table value 1.706. There is a significant difference in the quiz performance between the control and the experimental groups as further evidenced by the computed t=3.1 higher than the table value of 1.706. In conclusion, the learners highly accepted the great advantage of multimedia in teaching reading due to its gaining and positive results. KeywordsMultimedia, Reading, English Performance


The invention relates to a computer data processing method, in particular to a method for restoring computer data of a power consumer electricity-utilization information acquisition system. The main points of the method are that: the method comprises the steps of: (1), pre-processing a history electricity-utilization load and a temperature data, (2), building models related to summer temperature and a power load, wherein m and n are parameters and v is a residual set,(3), calculating coefficients rho related to the summer temperature and the load, (4), considering dependence of the data to be predicted corresponding to numerical values in the last week according to the summer temperature data and relevance of the summer temperature data and the load, and obtaining a final load prediction value. The invention provides a short-term prediction method for electricity-utilization load in summer with high accuracy and strong practicability.


In this paper the condition of the global solution for generalized hyperelastic-rod equation was studied by priori estimate.When the generalized functional g(u) satisfies the conditions specified in the text,the global solution of generalized hyperelastic-rod equation exists.


Abstract A computational analysis of a series of cationic and neutral gold imidazolylidene and benzimidizolylidene complexes is reported. The Bond Dissociation Energies of the various ligands in the complexes calculated at the PBE0‐D3/def2‐TZVP level of theory increase with increasing ligand volume, except for those of complexes containing t‐butyl‐substituted ligands, which are anomalously low particularly for the benzimidazolylidene species. Atoms in Molecules studies show the presence of a variety of weak intramolecular interactions, characterised by the presence of bond critical points with a range of different properties. Energy Decomposition Analysis and calculation of Electrostatic Surface Potentials indicate that some interactions are weakly attractive dispersion‐type interactions, while others are repulsive. The octanol/water partition coefficients (log P values) were calculated as a measure of the lipophilicities of the complexes and were found to increase with increasing volume.


In 1983, one of us (HLF) helped create a series of "Dizzy Awards"—awards for excellence in bewildering, unintentionally comical, or downright terrible medical writing. These awards honored Jay Hanna "Dizzy" Dean (1910–1974)—not for his glorious career as a major-league pitcher, but for his mangling of the English language as a popular baseball announcer. The winners, all excerpts from prominent medical journals, were the most outstanding head-scratching, eyebrow-raising, and occasionally knee-slapping examples of bad medical writing. Their sources were not identified in print but were available on request.


This study of the sociological regularities and variations which have entered life conditions of country women in the last twenty-five years, has been carried out within the framework of two monographs, one on an african village and one on a rural district in britanny. As a result of long residence in both areas, an ethnographic and ethno-sociological observation has made possible the compilation of a large corpus of sociological, iconographical and filmic data. Direct observation of the work processes and techniques, the recording of life narratives which recount the major stages of the construction of feminine identity, and the analysis of the effects of state interventions (development projects) on women(s nest-eggs are the essential axes of the african research undertaken in mitro, a village of two thousand inhabitants in the south of benin. The study of guiclan, a rural district in north finistere of about two thousand habitants as well, examines the factors determining the functions of farmers' wives, and their roles in running the farms. It also looks at the redefinition of their status in the agricultural world, their relationships with their domestic and work spaces, and their, as yet, limited visibility in local, associative and professionnal bodies. The thesis is composed of an initial methodological explanation which gives the precise conditions for the observer in a remote or local milieu concerning the gathering of ethno-sociological data, and also of a reflection on the use of visual techniques in sociological investigations, finally ending with a comparative study of the major tendencies of country-based feminity, and the effects of more ready money on the practises of women and their relative exclusion from the land which, neither in france nor in africa, does not belong to them. An important corpus of statistics and photographs, and a video film of


This article presents the findings of a research project undertaken at Escola Politecnica de Saude Joaquim Venâncio (EPSJV) (Joaquim Venâncio Polytechnic School of Health/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation), which analyzed the Community Health Agents (CHA) technical course between 2008 and 2011. The research was developed from the point of view of CHAs, and also from the point of view of the other family health team members. The research used as guideline the modifications produced in the work process taking into account the changes introduced in the health care model that had been intended with the implementation of the Family Health Strategy. Thirty-two CHAs students of the course, eight members of their teams and two CHA members of the head office of SINDACS-RJ (Health Community Agents Trade Union - Rio de Janeiro) which were not students took part in the research. In general terms, the achievements that had been intended with the changes in the health care model were disputed by interviewees. As for the contribution the technical courses had on CHAs' performance, there is a clear contradiction between the perceptions of CHAs and that of physicians and nurses. While the latter observed few changes after CHAs took the technical course, the former unanimously pointed out changes not only in their work but also in their lives. The tension underlying the relations between the CHAs and the other team members appeared in the research results. Hence, there is a need to investigate into this matter.


It was indicated even by Murchison that the Graptolites constitute admirable characteristic fossils of the Silurian formation. Subsequent investigation has established that the group Graptolithidæ is essentially confined to the oldest fossiliferous formation. A single genus, the genus Dictyograptus, Hopk. (Dictyonema, Hall), occupies a remarkably exceptional position as regards its distribution in time. Formerly, indeed, this genus was separated from the proper or true Graptolites (Rhabdophora, Allman), and referred with some other genera (Dendrograptus, Hall, Ptilograptus, Hopk., Callogroptus, Hall) to the Campanularidæ but recently W. C. Brögger has very clearly shown that the genus in question differs very little from the true Graptolites, inasmuch as the most important parts of the latter, such as the sicula, and the hydrothecæ, have been detected in it. By this the Graptolithic nature of the genus in question is rendered very probable. Members of the genus Dictyograptus, Hopk., appear among the very oldest of known Graptolites; the genus maintains itself throughout the whole of the Silurian formation, while by its side new genera make their appearance, culminate and disappear. Even after the other Graptolites had long since disappeared from the ancient sea-fauna, this genus still lived on, for we find it occurring in the Devonian.


[Objective]The research aimed to test the resistance to tobacco mosaic virus(TMV)of seven varieties of tobacco including Zhongyan 90,Huangjindou,OX2028,RG8,V2,Yunyan 201,Yunyan 87.[Method]The test was conducted in fields.[Result]The disease indexes of the resistance to TMV of Zhongyan 90,Huangjindou,OX2028,RG8,V2,Yunyan 201,Yunyan 87 were 40.33,15.50,0.17,20.50,26.50,0.33,13.33 separately.[Conclusion] OX2028 and Yunyan 201 could be promoted.


This research of partner-juridical content, briefly discusses the history of the payment procedure, specifying its origin, nature, purpose and the current trend since its European mercantile genesis until its proclamation in Latin America, conducting our study, to the Colombian payment procedure arising as quick alternative and effective to achieve an effective judicial protection. Nevertheless, from procedural guarantees, constraints and gaps are observed that prevent achieving material justice. The main obstacles to the development of this process lie in: The failure to notify the defendant by notice, the imposition of fines on the alleged debtor that exercised his legitimate right of defense, limiting the exercise of the right of contradiction in the executive that starts after the payment, the burden of proof and the precautionary measures without consulting the guiding principles of matter, like the appearance of good law; previous losses found no echo in the Colombian Constitutional Court, which in a lacking judgment of a thorough study, declared the constitutionality of the Colombian payment procedure contrary to basic procedural safeguards such as access to justice, due process and the right of defense.


Objective To compare the performances of UF-1000i urine sediment analyzer,dry chemistry method and manual microscopy in the determinations of red blood cell(RBC) and white blood cell(WBC).Methods 996 urine samples were collected.The RBC and WBC were determined by UF-1000i urine sediment analyzer,dry chemistry method and manual microscopy.The results were compared and analyzed statistically.Results With the positive cut-off value of 25 per μL for RBC and 30 per μL for WBC,the complete concordances were 78.4% for RBC and 67.2% for WBC.The concordances defined by the grade between the 2 analyzers were found to be 85.6% for RBC and 86.5% for WBC.The false positive rates of the UF-1000i were 4.62% for RBC and 1.81% for WBC.Conclusions These 3 urinalysis methods show good concordance with each other in urine sediment examination.The UF-1000i is more accuracy and anti-interferential than UF-100,but manual microscopy is still necessary.


We analysis the impact of regional's characters as FDI,industrial agglomeration,infrastructure,and urbanization level on TFP.What is more,we select the time-sequence data of resource from 1985 to 2003 in Hebei Province to analysis the regional character's impact on TFP through quantitative analysis.The results suggest that there is marked positive correlation between TFP and FDI,transport infrastructure level and urbanization level.


A transport scheme for streaming media over wireless access network is proposed in this paper. Combining with the interweave and RS code, the Unequal Erase Protection (UEP) scheme is achieved based on distinguishing the data importance level. The scheme realize segment/assemble of data from application layer, support adaptive adjusting of protection granularity according to channel status, improve the function of transport layer, simplify the design complexity of application layer, and greatly improve QoS of wireless streaming media with flexible error protection.


MAY/JUNE 2007 PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING On-Line Exclusive 1 www.ispe.org/PE_Online_Exclusive ©C op yr ig ht IS PE 2 0 0 7 This article presents an efficient cooperative approach to Commissioning and Qualification (C&Q) for manufacturing equipment and covers the entire life cycle for the specification, design, manufacture, installation, commissioning, qualification, operation, and maintenance of the equipment in a riskbased approach. This article reflects the current status of the work in progress conducted by the GAMP Italia Equipment Validation Workgroup. The main topics covered in the article are:


Apolipoprotein B (apoB) is a large glycoprotein that circulates in plasma as a major constituent of numerous lipoproteins. ApoB exists in two forms: apoB48 and apoB100. ApoB48 is identical in sequence to the N-ter- minal region of apoBlOO and is generated by sequence-specific mRNA editing of the apoBlOO transcript. Here, we describe the development of a line of mice expressing a human apoB transgene driven by promoterlenhancer sequences from the transthyretin gene. In these mice, immunodetectable human apoBlOO is synthesized by the liver, kidney, and brain. Human apoBlOO is found in low concentration (-0.1 mg/dl) in the plasma of the trans- genic mice and circulates in the low density lipoprotein fraction. The hepatic human apoBlOO transcripts undergo mRNA editing at only slightly lower efficiency than


The Neoproterozoic (834 – 778 Ma) Ambaji granulite witnessed four deformation phases (D1- D4), of which the D2 deformation phase was most significant for the exhumation of granulites in the ductile regime. We performed a field study to investigate the tectonic evolution of the D2 deformation phase and investigated the deformation evolution of the ductile extrusion of the Ambaji granulite by estimating the vorticity of flow (Wm) with the Rigid Grain Net and strain ratio/orientation techniques.

During the D2 deformation phase, the S1 fabric was folded by F2 folds that are coaxial with the F1 folds. The F2 folds were produced in response to NW-SE compression. Because the large shear zones are oriented parallel to the axial plane of the F2 folds, they likely formed simultaneously during the D2 deformation phase. Compression during the D2 deformation phase accommodated most of the exhumation of the granulite along the shear zones. D2 shearing was constrained between 834 ± 7 to 778 ± 8 Ma (Monazite ages).

The shear zones evolved from a high temperature (>700 °C) thrust-slip shearing event in the lower-middle crust to a low temperature (450 °C) retrograde sinistral shearing event at the brittle-ductile-transition (BDT). The Wm estimates of 0.32–0.40 and 0.60 coincide with the high temperature event and suggests pure shear dominated deformation. The low temperature phase coincides with Wm estimates of 0.64–0.87 and ~1.0, implying two flow regimes. The shear zone was first affected by general non-coaxial deformation and gradually became dominated by simple shearing.

We interpreted that the high temperature event happened in a compressive tectonic regime, which led to horizontal shortening and vertical displacement of the granulite to the BDT. The low temperature event occurred in a transpressive tectonic setting that caused the lateral displacement of the granulite body at BDT depth. The Wm values indicate a non-steady strain during the exhumation of granulite. From the BDT to surface, the Ambaji granulite exhumed through the NW-SE directed extension for normal faults via brittle exhumation through crustal extension and thinning.


The development of high specific output DI diesel engines started at the low-speed end some 50 years ago primarily for marine and traction applications. Movement towards the high-speed end has been slow but steady with the majority of truck engines being very conservatively rated (Fig. 4). There has been recent major effort on the automotive car and light commercial vehicle diesel application leading to lightweight DI diesel engines with an engine speed of 4000–5000 r/min and a rated power of 50 kW/litre displacement. These are expected to be on the market in a short period of time. The key point of this development has been the injection equipment including combustion control. In this area the use of modulated injection has the possibility of solving power and pollution requirements.


The approach generally accepted, and practiced, by most organization managers is that of top-down, reductionism. As we move (and evolve) into the new millennium there is a need, however, to rethink and direct how organizations are (and should be) managed. The systems theory approach can be viewed as a reaction to the failure of the natural sciences when confronted with complex, real-world problems set in social systems. The failure in reductionism to explain a phenomenon leads to searching for an approach that works, a holistic approach. Systems thinking respects the profound interconnectedness of the parts relative to the whole and concentrates on these relationships and how often these give way to emergent properties. For systems thinking to be widely employed by managers and decisionmakers it must offer them clear, noncontradictory advice on how its findings can be put to use. Systems Approaches to Management by Michael C. Jackson is an update of his previous text on systems thinking in the management sciences, organizational theory, and operational research. In this edition the author recognizes and reconstitutes systems thinking as a coherent approach to inquiry and problem management so that it can again occupy a role at the leading edge of development in the applied disciplines: management sciences, organizational theory, and operational research. This revision provides both a theoretical and methodological coherence to systems thinking and does so in a manner that enhances the practical relevance of the ideas. The scope is to a broader audience with the focus that "in both theory and practice, a radical seeking to change the world can use systems thinking, as well as, for those with a postmodern tinge seeking simply to have fun in an organization." The text allows students of management, seasoned practitioners, and interested readers to draw upon the respective strengths of the social and systems science traditions in order to forge a method of managing that brings about real, substantive change. In Part I, Overviews, (comprised of chapters 2 through 5) serves to bridge the gap between system thinkers and social scientists, with the aim of improving the effectiveness of systems approaches. For the social scientist, these opening chapters provide a very readable introduction to the evolution of systems thinking and its emergence as a distinct area of study through an outline of the history, development, and the main concepts used in applied systems thinking and approaches. Similarly,


a wide-ranging landscape survey. Survey (documentary and field) was to take precedence over excavation. Excavation at the King's Men was confined to a single cutting about 2 m at its widest spanning stone 61. Careful pictorial research suggested that the circle is less of a restored ruin than it appears; counting stumps and leaning stones, some 31 of the 73 erect stones in the Office of Works survey of 1920 may be in positions recorded in the 17th century. The original diameter was 33±1 m. The stones (all oolitic limestone, possibly from the spring line between Oolite and Lias) are held to have originally formed a continuous wall with portal entrance to the south-east; with strata conformable to the circumference and naturally smooth surfaces on the interior, they were set in a low bank, which had no quarry ditches and was absent in the south-east sector. Four low central mounds with adjoining magnetic anomalies (a modern plantation or a cove ?) were tantalizingly left unexcavated. No dating evidence was obtained apart from possible enlargement of the bank in Roman times. Potential astronomical alignments are considered dubious. Comparisons are drawn to monuments bordering the Irish Sea, but the continuous walling would recall the beaker-associated Palisade Enclosure at Mount Pleasant, Dorset.


The key objective of OPUCE system is to enable the participation of end-users in the management of their own services, by providing them with innovative tools which allow an easy creation and delivery of personalized communication and information services. This paper describes the OPUCE service and component repository, which extends the OMA OSPE service model storage approach XDM. By integrating an ebXML Registry using the native notification mechanisms of XDM, the search capability of the repository is dramatically improved. Moreover, this repository also exploits semantic Web technology to provide an intuitive visualized browser for convenient service exploring.


Aryliminyls, produced by oxidation of oximino-acetic or -propanoic acids with persulphate, may either dimerise, cyclise on to an adjacent phenyl group to give a phenanthridine, or abstract hydrogen from an o-methyl group to give a benzyl radical.


This final chapter examines the cultural implications of a new century and the outbreak of the Great War for notions of masculinity. It considers the writings of commentators like Robert Baden Powell and A. C. Benson to show that questions of how best to prepare Britain's youth to face the 'vast energies and problems' of the modern world were also, inevitably, questions about the role and relevance of a classical education in that process. The final section glances forward to examine the processes by which receptions of Ancient Rome persist, and are remade during the Great War and a new modern era of total war. Far from attempting to 'finish' the meaning of Rome or to homogenize its uses as part of a single theory of what Rome meant to the Victorian male, this chapter emphasizes the ongoing pluralities and complexities inherent in the Roman parallel.


This article describes the design, comparison and evaluation of predictive models from the area of monitoring data on the basis of CRISP-DM and RadpidMiner technology, for the purpose of improving IT processes in the company. These models have been created on a sample of real data from the monitoring of IT systems in one of the largest companies in Slovakia. Article defines the detailed description and evaluation of created models, which represents only one phase of this research. This means that the other phases are only mentioned - understanding and editing of data, visualization and statistical analysis, along with modeling process itself. Predictive models generated by linear regression and ARIMA models are described in detail in this article. These models achieved during research are a huge benefit for companies, since they can predict the future value of individual transactions, and thus take the necessary measures to make the right decisions in order to improve quality of services.


The small size and the lack of recombination set the fourth chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster apart from the other chromosomes. I have shown that the Minute gene on chromosome 4, earlier named ...


Performance measures for 3 frames of reference (full exocentric, full egocentric, and tethered) were contrasted across 4 different scientific visualization subtasks: search, travel, local judgment support, and global judgment support. Participants were instructed to locate and follow a designated path through 15 simple virtual environments and to answer simple questions about that environment. Each participant completed 5 trials in every frame of reference condition (exocentric, egocentric, and tethered). The results revealed that frames of reference that utilize egocentric or tethered viewpoints support better travel performance, especially when nearing the target. However, the exocentric frame of reference supported better performance in the search subtasks and in the local and global judgment subtasks. Actual or potential applications of this research include proper uses of virtual reality to support certain scientific visualization subtasks.


We report a study of an anomalous scattering mechanism in the structurally disordered diamagnet ThAsSe. Below 20 K, its electrical resistance displays a logarithmic correction over one decade in temperature, which is affected by neither strong magnetic fields (B≤17 T) nor high hydrostatic pressures (p≤1.88 GPa). Dynamic disorder in the ThAsSe single crystals is reflected by, e.g., a quasilinear-in-T term of nonelectronic origin in the specific heat at T≤1.7 K. The In T dependence of the resistance is interpreted as being due to the interaction of the conduction electrons with movable structural defects.


Signal denoising technology is one of the key technologies that need to be broken through in centrifugal microfluidic immunoassay system. Among various signal denoising technologies, wavelet threshold denoising is commonly used, while the traditional wavelet threshold denoising algorithms have difficulty in adapting to the wavelet coefficient distribution of noise at different scales. To solve this problem, firstly, an improved Bayesian threshold method was proposed to solve the problem of inaccurate threshold caused by its noise variance estimation algorithm. Secondly, for the defects of soft and hard threshold function, we proposed to use weighted threshold function and semi soft threshold function. Finally, the proposed improved Bayesian threshold method was simulated with various threshold functions, and their denoising performance was compared. The simulation results showed that compared with the existing traditional wavelet threshold denoising algorithms (adaptive threshold combined with hard threshold function, the SNR was 75.21db) and the traditional Bayesian threshold denoising algorithm (the SNR was increased to 76.99db), the denoising algorithm based on the combination of improved Bayesian threshold method and hard threshold function proposed in this paper can greatly adapt to the distribution of wavelet coefficients of noise under different scales and had strong denoising ability and peak feature retention ability. It improved the SNR to 83.31db and reduced the root mean square error. Its comprehensive denoising parameter Dr reached 0.71 which achieved satisfactory results in denoising of spectral signal. This method is expected to be a powerful means to improve the sensitivity of centrifugal microfluidic immunoassay system.


This paper proposes a new rectifying system consisting of a series active filter and a double-series three-phase 12-pulse diode rectifier. The supply current in the proposed system has a sinusoidal wave shape because the series active filter suppresses the current harmonics produced by the diode rectifier. Since almost no 5th and 7th harmonics are produced by the double-series 12-pulse diode rectifier, the required peak rating of the series active filter is only 7% of the diode rectifier.

In this paper, the control scheme and operating characteristics of the series active filter are theoretically and experimentally discussed. A novel conception that connection of a parallel capacitor to each diode of the rectifier makes a great contribution to reducing the required rating of the series active filter is also presented and verified by some experimental results. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 120(1): 85–94, 1997


Preuss' detailed descriptions and biographical references reveal the diverse "branchings" of Clark's works, which combine realism and abstraction in a transformational process. Biographical notes. 41 bibl. ref.


The pervasive presence of smart objects in almost every corner of our everyday life urges the security of such embedded systems to be the point of attention. Memory vulnerabilities in the embedded program code, such as buffer overflow, are the entry point for powerful attack paradigms such as Code-Reuse Attacks (CRAs), in which attackers corrupt systems' execution flow and maliciously alter their behavior. Control-Flow Integrity (CFI) has been proven to be the most promising approach against such kinds of attacks, and in the literature, a wide range of flow monitors are proposed, both hardware-based and software-based. While the formers are hardly applicable as they impose design alteration of underlying hardware modules, on the contrary, software solutions are more flexible and also portable to the existing devices. Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) and their key role in application development for embedded systems is the main concern regarding the application of the CFI solutions.This paper discusses the still open challenges and issues regarding the implementation of control-flow integrity policies on operating systems for embedded systems, analyzing the solutions proposed so far in the literature, highlighting possible limits in terms of performance, applicability, and protection coverage, and proposing possible improvement directions.


We describe the case of a 42–year–old man who presented to the emergency department suffering from asthenia, dyspnea and tachycardia. The patient had been diagnosed, two years earlier, with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), treated with two lines of chemotherapy and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from a family donor. Atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response was documented at the ECG. The echocardiogram showed moderate left ventricular dysfunction in the presence of dishomogeneous thickening of left and right ventricular wall and a severe circumferential pericardial effusion causing cardiac tamponade, with the need of urgent pericardiocentesis. AML relapse was documented at the laboratory tests. The suspected cardiac involvement was investigated with cardiac MRI which documented thickening and diffuse late gadolinium enhancement at the level of the left and right ventricular wall, the interatrial septum and the atria walls. The pericardium and the epicardial fat were also thickened and endowed with contrast enhancement. A lymphocyte assay was performed on pericardial fluid and showed the presence of a blast population (approximately 27% of white blood cells) with variable expression of myeloid antigens. The clinical, radiological and finally immunophenotypic picture therefore concluded with relapse of acute myeloid leukemia with myocardial and pericardial infiltration. Acute myeloid leukemia usually presents with symptoms related to bone marrow failure. Clinically significant cardiac involvement is rare but should be considered when cardiorespiratory symptoms occur. Cardiac manifestations include coronary artery disease, heart failure, conduction disturbances, myocarditis, pericarditis, and pericardial effusion. Understanding the underlying pathophysiology and recognizing potential cardiac manifestations could help in the early diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of these patients. Echocardiography or cardiac MRI could reveal morphological, structural and signal abnormalities of the cardiac structures and therefore should raise the suspicion of a possible myocardial infiltration by leukemia cells, both in patients with a positive history of leukemia and in those in whom cardiac involvement could represent the first manifestation of a hematological pathology.


Trends indicate that more disabled students will be enrolling in college chemistry. Therefore, those in higher-education need to be prepared for the enrollment of disabled students.


Aging Together is a community partnership encompassing the counties of Culpeper, Fauquier, Madison, Orange, and Rappahannock. The region is a changing mix of rural land and a "bedroom" community adjacent to heavily populated Northern Virginia and has been identified as one of the fastest growing areas on the East Coast. The two northernmost counties are witnessing an influx of retirees, while the three other counties have large populations of elders who have lived there for many years.


It analyses different problems in energy of current world,introduces the importance and feasibility of energy-conserving on air-conditioner, as well as the ways and methods of air-conditioner energy-conserving.It also analyses the key factors of energy-conserving on air-conditioner.From aspects including the choice of system,choice of equipment,design of system and operating management,it brings forward feasible plans of energy-conserving,analyses relative skill in energy-conserving potential,finally it discusses the way of sustainable development of energy-conserving in air-conditioner.


The conducting loss of the traditional Boost power factor correction(PFC) is high,which results in the low efficiency of it,especially when the input voltage is low.According to these above,a ZVT bridgeless Boost PFC is proposed.The on off status of the switches and the main voltages and currents in one switching period are analyzed in detail.The results have shown that the main switches and the auxiliary switch have realized soft switch,and the voltage and current stresses of them is minimized.Based on these above,the condition to realize soft switch is analyzed.Finally,a prototype adopting one cycle control method is constructed,the experimental results have shown that the main switch is zero voltage on and nearly zero voltage off,the auxiliary switch is zero current on and off.The power factor is above 0.99,and the efficiency have come up to 0.96 when the input and output is normal,which have verified the correctness of the theoretical analysis.


Because of the extensive application of phaser measurement unit (PMU) in the power system, traditional power system state estimation has been undergoing an essential change. In this paper, the traditional state estimator is assumed to be functioning normally in the absence of PMU data. Then under given the placement of PMU in the power system, this paper wants to explore the substantial contribution of PMU to power system state estimation. First, it discusses the difference between PMU measurement and SCADA measurement to explain the effect of PMU on traditional power system state estimation. Then, supposing the right value obtained from PMU, it extracts the simpleness of traditional power system state estimation with SCADA data only, and proposes the reduced power system state estimation model which is same as traditional ones. Following, it presents resultant change in handling the problems of the observability, bad data recognition, and estimation accuracy, as well as the solution algorithm of the power system state estimation on line. It is shown that PMU data provides the direct measurement of state which can significantly simplify the traditional state estimator and dose not require any change of the existing state estimator. Simulation result for the IEEE 13 bus system verifies the validity of the study.


The invention relates to the field of infrared monitoring, and particularly relates to an infrared thermal image monitoring system against fog days and a method. The system comprises a video acquisition unit, an upper computer unit, and a video processing unit. The method comprises steps: an infrared thermal image video of a fog environment is acquired via an infrared thermal imager, and the video is stored to the upper computer; the infrared thermal image video is decomposed into infrared images, defogging treatment is carried out on the infrared images, and the infrared images after defogging are combined into an infrared thermal image video; moving object recognition and tracking treatment are carried out on the infrared thermal image video, and the infrared thermal image video after treatment is displayed and stored in the upper computer. Through carrying out defogging treatment on the infrared thermal image video in the fog environment, definition of the infrared thermal image video can be effectively improved, accuracy of subsequent moving object recognition and tracking is improved, the problem of vague fog video monitoring can be effectively solved, an important role is played in video monitoring, traffic dispatching, ship steering and the like, and the system and the method can be widely popularized and applied.


An investigation was made of a structural transition from the Mg(2H) to the Sm(9R) modification in a single crystal of Tb subjected to high pressures. The oientation relationship (00.1)/sub TbI/parallel(00.1)/sub TbII/ was established. The Sm-type structure, produced in Tb by pressure, represents a polysynthetic twin with a relative rotation of the domains by 60degree (180degree). A shear mechanism of the structural transition in Tb is suggested.


The infrared spectra of [Cl2M Olefin]2 (olefin=vinyl alcohol, vinyl ethers, and their derivatives, M=Pt and Pd) have been studied in the 4000–100 cm−1 frequency region. A normal coordinate analysis of the coordinated vinyl alcohol indicated that the lone-pair electrons of oxygen conjugated with π-electrons of the double bond to some extent, even in the coordinated state. The coordination strengths of vinyl alcohol, vinyl ethers, and their derivatives have been examined by comparing the metal-olefin streching vibrations.


Objective To probe into the EEG,pathogenesis and therapy of the internal medicine disease with initiatory symptom of eleptiform attack.Methods We confirmed the etiological factors of 106 patients with eleptiform attack through aggregate analysis of EEG,CT,MRI,laboratory findings and therapy procedure.Results We diagnosed 16 cases of diabetes,12 of intracalvarium softening focus,28 of cerebral thrombosis or infarction,18 of viral encephalitis,5 of carcinomatous encephalopathy of lung cancer,4 of hypoparathyroidism,6 of cough induced by chronic bronchitis,5 of SLE,12 of hysterism.From these cases,35 of normality,10 of borderline state,49 of light abnormality,12 of moderate abnormality were reported by EEG.We can't find the paradoxical discharge of sharp wave or spike wave from the 106 cases.Conclusion Among the adult patients with convulsion,other internal medicine disease should be considered when we excluded epilepsy through the examination of central nervous system and EEG.


This paper tests for the presence of depositors' discipline by households and examines the impact of revisions of the deposit insurance system, changes in the financial condition of the banking sector as a whole, and household characteristics on the extent of depositors' discipline using households' subjective evaluation of the financial condition of the banks with which they do business. I find evidence of the presence of depositors' discipline by households even during periods when bank deposits were fully protected by the deposit insurance system. The extent of depositors' discipline by households increased even before the abolition of the full protection of term deposits because households began making adjustments in anticipation of the proposed change, but only large depositors (households holding bank deposits of over 10 million yen) increased the extent of depositors' discipline at that time. In addition, the revision of the deposit insurance system that extended the full protection of ordinary deposits for another two years and fully protected payment and settlement deposits permanently decreased depositors' discipline of all households, regardless of how much bank deposits they hold. Moreover, various household characteristics affect the extent of depositors' discipline, the most important of which is awareness of the deposit insurance system (overall financial knowledge). I find that lack of awareness of the deposit insurance system (lack of overall financial knowledge) weakens the extent of depositors' discipline by a significant amount.


The kinetics of cycloheximide and chloramphenicol inhibition of S. carlsbergensis were studied in batch and continuous culture. Cycloheximide caused a reduction in the growth rate and the relationship that growth rate was proportional to minus twice the logarithm of the cycloheximide concentration was proposed for the concentration range O· 003-0' 05 mg/I. In batch culture the A group cytochromes were little affected by cycloheximide while the C group (C+C1) showed the most marked changes. Continuous culture revealed little further information due to the indirect effect of the decreasing growth rate on Qo., Qeo., QEtOH and the A, B, and C group cytochromes.


Ternary chalcogenides (AB2X4) based on the spinel structure are gaining a great deal of attention because of the possibility of tuning their magnetic and optoelectronic properties not only by changing chemical composition but also by altering their degree of inversion. Here we report a rapid high-pressure synthetic method for the synthesis of MIn2S4 powders starting from commercially available solid sulfides. We prove the versatility of our method by reporting the synthesis of six members of the MIn2S4 family (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, and Cd) under high-pressure conditions (3.5 GPa); these compounds show complete to moderate degrees of inversion. Furthermore, this family covers a spectral region that includes visible band gaps. Interestingly, the structural refinement carried out by X-ray and neutron diffraction allows one to establish positive correlations between the gap and different parameters, including the degree of inversion. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, these ternary chalcogenides show moderate photocatalytic hydrogen production from aqueous solutions.


Four quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models were developed for predicting the log K values of organic pollutants adsorbed onto boron nitride nanosheets in gaseous and aqueous environments.


Sapling (sapling2020.com) helps everyday people understand how the environment in the United States is changing by visualizing forest growth and loss. Sapling generates and displays a heatmap representing changes in forest coverage between 2016 and 2019 in any region within the continental US that is selected by users. This forest growth and death heatmap is generated from a decision tree model trained on satellite images and forest data from a 2008 USGS forest survey. To our knowledge, this is the first forest growth-death visualization capable of near-real-time heatmaps automatically from open-source satellite data. Sapling's intention is to make forest growth/death more concrete, and in turn inspire environmental activism. We hope this tool will help show the ways in which computer science techniques can augment existing climate data and address anthropogenic climate change. 1 Motivation and Functionality Many people in the United States are aware of the immediate need to take climate action, however, this does not translate into the desired level of action. Sapling's goal is to make the effects of climate change more concrete and thus more likely to lead to action. Concreteness is "how specific, definite, and vivid" something is, and concrete communication has been shown more likely to lead to action. Once a user internalizes what is happening to the environment, Sapling allows them to donate to highly rated environmental charities. The primary product functionality is in viewing a map of the continental United States and choosing an area to analyze or choosing from preset locations. The map shows the change in forest coverage over time represented as colors on a spectrum from red to neutral to green. The darkest red represents the greatest forest loss while the brightest green represents the greatest forest growth. Users can click buttons to view the effects of individual events like a particular wildfire in California. Clicking the "California Wildfires" button transports the map to one of the wildfire sites. From this view, the change in forest coverage and the effects of the wildfire are apparent. For these presets, information like government and advocacy groups' responses, how the current situation can be helped, and how the likelihood of these events can be decreased long-term and recommended charities for these areas.


This project contains a programm with a function for MATLAB that allows the detection and grading of acquired and congenital deutan color vision defects by means of a color matching task. A PDF file with instructions and a description of the basis of the test has been included.


Ayurveda is an oldest system of Indian medicine. In Ayurvedicclassics, sharirsthan has given description about internal and external body features, out of these Sushrutasamhita'ssharirsthana has great anatomical importance hence it is said that shariresushrutashrestha. In sharirsthana, AcharyaSushrutahas mentioned five sensory organ (i.e.Dnyandriyas). Twacha (Skin) is one of the five dnyanendriyas (sensory organ) having its perception as sparshdnyan (touch sensation )
According to AcharyaSushruta, twacha (skin) comprises seven layers and mentioned their respective diseases. Each layer has importance as it is location for specific vyadhi. Out of which fifth layer named as vediniis the location ofvisarpa as well as kushthavyadhi. According to VagbhatTwakvaivarnya (discoloration of skin) is called as kustha*.Sushrutacharya describe two types of kushta,i.e. mahakushta (major incurable skin problem) and shudrakustha (miscellaneous minor skin diseases). Shudrakushtha further classified in various forms in which vicharchika is explained thoroughly. Modern science mention the skin disorder``Eczema''found to have near about similar sign and symptoms as that of vicharchika. This review study tries to correlate vicharchika according to Ayurveda and Eczema.


Data from the 1960-61 and 1970-71 demographic surveys in Senegal were analyzed to determine immigration and emigration effects on population. The rates of population growth in countries neighboring Senegal such as Guinea-Bissau and the Gambia have been reduced by emigration to Senegal. Immigrants accounted for about 6% of the population of Senegal in 1971 and although some Senegalese have emigrated it is estimated that their number was less than that of immigrants in 1971. Inter-regional lifetime migrants were 11.3% in 1960 and 15% in 1971 with the number of such migrants increasing by 53% from 1960-71. In general internal migration has been directed toward Dakar and the Atlantic seaboard. Net rural-urban migration during 1960-70 was about 278000 or 60% of the urban growth and the rate of net rural-urban migration was 3.3%/year of the initial urban population and 1.2% of the initial rural population. In 1970-71 immigrants included a higher proportion of males and internal migrants had a higher proportion of females. As much as 78% of the immigrants were of working age and are making a substantial contribution to the economy; in addition the majority of Senegalese emigrants are young males who leave for short periods and return with most of their earnings. Reasons for migration including family (50%) and employment (16%); migration to Dakar and Senegal-Oriental were mostly economically motivated.


Abstract Background Collision tumors are defined as the juxtaposition of two histologically distinct tumors, which form a single mass, without histological mixing of the two tissues. They are extremely rare, especially in the digestive tract. Clinical presentation An 81-year-old patient was admitted for anemia, diarrhea and palpable abdominal mass. The colonoscopy showed a substenosing tumor of the transverse colon. On abdominal CT, the colonic mass invaded the stomach. After surgical treatment with transverse colectomy and associated partial longitudinal gastrectomy, pathological results showed that it was a collision between a primary gastric adenocarcinoma and a primary colonic adenocarcinoma. Conclusion We report a first case of collision tumor between a primary gastric adenocarcinoma and a primary colonic adenocarcinoma. Current knowledge on the subject is extremely limited.


A previously healthy 17-year-old male presented with a 12-h history of abdominal pain and urinary retention. He gave a history of having ingested 'ecstasy' the previous evening. On examination he had tachycardia, mydriasis and a tender suprapubic mass. He was catheterized and 800 mL of urine drained; IVU excluded urolithiasis. The catheter was removed the next day and he was discharged with no further urinary problems.


I explain why the market does not provide an efficient allocation of talent to tasks. I also explain why we should expect more social mobility to go in parallel with a more efficient allocation of people to tasks. According to a popular joke, Heaven is supposed to be a place where cooks are French, policemen are British, mechanics are German, lovers are Italian, and bankers are Swiss. Hell, on the other hand, is supposed to be the place where cooks are British, policemen are German, mechanics are French, lovers are Swiss, and bankers are Italian. The joke clearly reflects stereotypes, but—and this is why I mention it here—also the common view that the allocation of people to tasks makes a difference. I will argue that the allocation of talents to tasks is an important determinant of the level of productive efficiency of a society. Individuals differ in their abilities. Jobs differ in their demand of abilities. It follows that not all allocations of people to tasks are efficient. We would like to know how to match people to jobs, and we would like to know if the market does the sorting in an efficient manner. It is easy to see that the first best allocation of people to tasks is the one in which each individual specializes in the task over which she has a relative advantage and trades with the others, exchanging her production for the production made by others. It is exactly the same as in a traditional Ricardian story of trade between countries, only you should substitute countries for persons. The same logic applies. An example can be useful. Imagine that Mr. Notbright is the least talented person in society. Poor Mr. Notbright would be the worst carpenter, the worst cook and the worst in every conceivable job. In our example there is no task in which Mr. Notbright has an absolute advantage versus other members of society. But there must be a task where even Mr. Notbright has a relative advantage. For instance, perhaps as a carpenter he is just a little bit worse than his peers, whereas in all the other tasks he is much, much worse than they are. Consequently, the optimal allocation is that Mr. Notbright acts as a carpenter, while the others do the rest of the tasks. In the market, they would then exchange carpenter services for other goods and services. He would become a carpenter because he is not a bad carpenter in relative terms and he therefore has a relative advantage at being a carpenter. For every person in the The Misallocation of Talent 2/28 society there exists some profession in which she has a relative advantage. Talent is optimally allocated whenever everybody works in the sector where she has a relative advantage. Otherwise it would be possible to increase the level of output of society by changing the allocation of people to tasks. Changing the allocation of talent in this case would be the same as using a more efficient technology for the economy as a whole. So far the issue is perfectly parallel to the one of trade between countries. As it is the case in international trade, if markets were well-functioning the allocation of people to tasks would be efficient. The problem is that we should not expect markets to function properly. From a private point of view Mr. Notbright may have relative, even absolute, advantage to perform certain tasks even if his capabilities are scant. For instance, imagine that there is a task known to be highly remunerated. Mr. Notbright may perform it in spite of his limited abilities because he might inherit from his parents an economic advantage non related to his ability: he may inherit lots of money while others may have problems borrowing it; or he may inherit a network of contacts that can turn out to be useful in a business environment. In a more prosaic (even if threatening) world, Mr. Notbright may belong to a favoured ethnic or racial group; or he may not speak a language favoured by the administration; or he might be a male in a country that discriminates against women... A first reason why the allocation of talent is inefficient is that there can be institutional or social wedges that separate between that which would be optimal and that which can be achieved. The allocation gets worse when there are externalities associated with talent. Imagine that there is a task where the rewards cannot be perfectly appropriated by the individual with most of the relevant talent. For instance, while the most talented entrepreneur is able to produce important innovations, she gets little of the generated income stream. In this case it would be difficult to achieve the socially optimal allocation as the entrepreneur puts a lower value on her innovating than society. For concreteness, imagine that Mr. Notbright is not good at innovating but is able to extract a large percentage of the social outcome of his entrepreneurial activity because he has inherited skills to do so, while the talented individuals in society would be able to appropriate a much smaller share of the output. In this case aggregate output would be largest if the talented individuals were the innovators. But because the individuals would get little of the reward, it is Mr. Notbright who might have the relative advantage in innovating tasks. Thus, there are many ways in which Mr. Notbright may cheat his odds, faring better than what his abilities would predict and many ways in which the allocation of talent in society may be inefficient. Some of these inefficiencies are obvious, others are more subtle. 1 Three reasons behind the misallocation of talent; the role of inheritance Why may the market provide society with an allocation of talent that is inefficient? After all, Mr. Notbright has no intention of hurting himself. He is going to choose among the career paths that are The Misallocation of Talent 3/28 open to him the one that he perceives will generate the largest income. Clearly, this is the option that the market signals as the one where he has the relative advantage. Obviously, if talent gets misallocated it must be that those whom the market signals as having the relative advantage to do a task are not those who should have it. Three different types of causes may induce this. They lie in the italics of the market argument above and allow us to make a taxonomy of the reasons behind the misallocation of talent. First of all, there is the obvious question of freedom. If some people are barred from taking a job due to reasons that have nothing to do with economics, then the first best cannot be achieved. If some people are discriminated, they just cannot do the job that they wish to do. Coercion is seldom a friend of efficiency. We look at this in section 2. Second, it can be that the profession where he would get the highest income is not the sector where he could generate the largest income. This can happen for one of two reasons. (a) It can be that there are failures in the workings of society, so that the person who actually has the advantage cannot use it. For instance, if there are capital market imperfections, an agent who is poor and bright may have to pay a very large cost to set up a firm – perhaps a much larger sum than somebody with less talent but easier access to credit. Thus, market failures may induce agents to choose career paths which are suboptimal from the point of view of the common good. We look at this in section 3.1. (b) It can also be that the society efficiently exploits the talents that individuals have, but that the process of acquisition of these talents is inefficient. For instance, people who have the potential of having a large talent may need to foster it in certain environments (for instance in a nurturing family), and may fail to develop their potential if not exposed to the proper conditions. Thus, individuals with less potential may end up having more talent, as they may be brought up in a more satisfactory background. Similarly, agents could misperceive where their relative advantage lies. For instance, agents exposed to information signalling to them that private effort and sacrifice does not pay out, would not exercise effort. Their aspirations and goals would necessarily diverge from identical agents who are brought up in an environment inducing them to believe that personal effort pays back. Notice that this situation does not need to be inefficient, at least in the usual meaning of the word. For instance, a person's utility function may be affected by her background (thus, a female may choose to work less). Also, society cannot change which child belongs to whom, and it is not easy to adjust the environment to which children are exposed. Thus it could be more "efficient" to raise the carpenter's son in the butcher's household, but neither the kid, nor the carpenter, nor the butcher would be happy with the arrangement. We look at this in section 3.2. Finally, the market provides the wrong signals in the presence of externalities. Agents disregard the The Misallocation of Talent 4/28 value of the externalities (positive or negative) that they induce on everybody else when choosing a career path. An example; take two agents and a certain entrepreneurial job. One agent (Mr. Nicepoorguy) produces a large positive externality on society, because he would induce innovations whose return he cannot enjoy. The second (Mr. Sillyrichman) has no imagination, and is unable to innovate; on the other hand, he is more effective at negotiating with trade unions (Mr. Sillyrichman is tough), thus is able to get a larger entrepreneurial income. Mr Sillyrichman would be in a better position to be an entrepreneur, which is not good for anybody but himself. We look at this in section 4. Once we have seen the reasons for the misallocation of talent, we will make three important remarks concerning the role of distance, inequality and incentives (section 5.1), the role of competition and international trade (section 5.2) and feedback as well as the possibility of multiple steady sta


Doctrine and judicial practice point out situations in which liability for prejudice caused during the performance of the medical profession by the medical staff is removed, considering the fact that not always the behaviour of medical staff is culpable. Also, the article aims to point out those situations in which guilt is retained in accordance with the laws in force. The present endeavour also aims to emphasize and explain a current issue, considering the evolution of the Romanian health system and the discrepancy between the private health system and the public health system in which the doctor-patient relationship is in a permanent transformation with many valences.


This paper aims to review the previous and on-going studies for TranSIMS, which is an activity-based simulation model. At the same time, modules embedded in TranSIMS are tested using data currently available in Korea. In this study, Population Synthesizer module is applied to a case in Korea to find problems, which can be emerged in utilizing data in Korea. Based on the study, several ways to overcome the problems found in the case study are proposed. As a conclusion, while TranSIMS has several problems to break through in application to Korea, it is still a promising simulation method and needs more research and study in the near future.


The behavior of reinforced concrete structures under blast load is analyzed by LS- DYNA. A new load generation method is proposed so that blast load can be applied to large civil engineering structures, such as highway bridges. The influence of time step and mesh size on simulation results is investigated. Three examples including flexural failed beam, brittle failed beam and undamaged column under blast load are presented. Numerical results match reasonably well with experimental data.


Activities of a service life cycle require from developers the systematic reasoning about their related aspects. Specification languages are used in software engineering to improve the quality and delivery time of software systems by offering notations and abstractions that ease the reasoning about different aspects in a domain problem. Among various distinctive approaches, which propose specification languages, we are interested in those that support and enable the analytical reasoning about activities of the service life cycle in the cloud applications development domain. This work presents a protocol for the systematic mapping that provides guidance to gather evidence of specification languages that support the service life cycle activities in a cloud application domain, identify the issues that those specification languages have addressed and gaps in the existing research.


• The no toxicity coefficient available limits its widespread use in RI for Sb. • Sb′s toxicity coefficient was calculated based on Hakanson's principles. • Sb′s toxicity coefficient (=7) was verified by different pollution indexes. • Er was a reliable and logical index for evaluating Sb pollution. • Development of ecological risk index helps to broaden the serviceable range


This article documents the employment discrimination experienced by Americans with a record of disability but no current disability, utilizing the Integrated Mission System of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Decisions by the EEOC in favor of charging parties with historical disabilities disproportionately exceeded those in favor of charging parties with current disabilities. This finding suggests that discrimination against persons who have only a record of disability persists in the workplace, and that this additional aspect of the definition of the term "disability" is viable.


While the state of the art of intercity passenger rail (IPR) has advanced steadily worldwide during the past quarter-century, there is immense potential for further improvements in North America given the underutilization of and limited investment in this mode to date. Europe and Japan have advanced their IPR systems well beyond those in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. If North America is to remain truly competitive in the global marketplace, it must invest in a world-class transportation system that includes IPR, an important element of which is high-speed ground transportation (HSGT). This paper presents the challenges and issues of IPR and HSGT to North America, including technology transfer and design and construction issues.


At the beginnng of the Twentieth Century, natural and physical sciences where teatched throught the "lecons de choses" who give a large part to real experimentation. Natural history cabinets and in particular mineralogical collections where presents in scholar establisments. In this paper, I will discuss the philosophy of the "lecons de choses" and relate the experience of the building of a mineralogical collection for undergraduate teatching. The connection between the choice of minerals and the official educationnal programs is presented, as well as the practical aspects of building such a collection. This experience show how to valorize the modest mineralogical samples.


Four different chiral 1,3-cyclohexadienes were synthesized and investigated in photooxygenations with singlet oxygen. A strong influence of substituents at the double bond was observed for the mode selectivity of the reactions. Phenyl and alkyl groups afford mixtures of ene and (4 + 2) products, whereas a trimethylsilyl group yields exclusively hydroperoxides, presumably due to a "large group effect". Additionally, the same diastereoselectivity for both reaction modes gives evidence for common perepoxide intermediates. Finally, the photooxygenation of a methylensulfonyl substituted 1,3-cyclohexadiene proceeds with very high diastereoselectivity, which can be explained by an intramolecular hydrogen bridge, shielding one face of the compound.


Based on the property of higher-order cumulants of MSK signals, a new algorithm for MSK pulse start-end point detection is proposed and implemented by computing the higher-order cumulants of MSK signals with a sliding window. Simulation results show that when SNR is higher than 7 dB, the algorithm has a good detection performance.


Mollusca are one of the fouling (biofouling) organisms attaching to hard objects in the sea and freshwater waters. The attachment and growth of fouling organisms is a serious problem because it is one of the factors that can damage the structure of building materials and has a considerable impact on the development of the marine industry. This study aimed to determine the effect of distinction of natural media placed in three ecosystems towards species diversity and growth rates of mollusca. The observation of attachment conditions and growth of the mollusca populations in each media were documented by using an underwater camera. Based on the results of research and identification, the researcher found that there were 5 species from 2 classes namely Gastropoda and Bivalvia and 2 family named Vermetidae and Ostreidae. The attached species of Gastropoda class was only Petaloconchus varians, while species of Bivalvia class were Planostrea pestigris, Alectryonella plicatula, Ostrea edulis and Crassostrea gigas. The most abundant species were found in tile media with an abundance of 1,014 individuals / cm2. While the lowest abundance of individuals was found in stone media which was equal to 0.141 individuals/cm2. The species with the highest population growth rate was the species of Petaloconchus varians with a total population growth rate of 11.66 ind/ week. While species with the lowest population growth rate was found in Alectryonella plicatula species with a total population growth rate of 0.16 ind/ week.


In a proxy signature scheme, a user delegates his/her signing capability to another user in such a way that the latter can sign messages on behalf of the former. Proxy signature helps the proxy signer to sign messages on behalf of the original signer. It is very useful when the original signer is not available to sign a specific document. In this paper, we propose a secure an identity based proxy signature scheme from bilinear pairings. The proposed scheme satisfy all the security property of proxy signature scheme.


For reduce post harvest Chinese cabbage decay,Erwinia aroideae Holland was isolated from diseased leaf of Chinese cabbage.The microbe added in the culture medium or water were treated with cinnamaldehyde,glutaraldehyde,stable chlorine dioxide,electrolyzed oxidizing water and O3 for finding out some methods to control the rot.2 methods were selected for treatment time experiment,and Chinese cabbage leaves were treated with O3 and electrolyzed oxidizing water.The results showed that all treatments reduced the number of Erwinia aroideae Holland.The best effect of inhibiting Erwinia aroideae Holland growth was O3 treatment,followed by electrolyzed oxidizing water treatment.The optimal treatment time of O3 and electrolyzed oxidizing water were 15 min and 30 min,respectively.O3treatment was more effective than electrolyzed oxidizing water treatment for inhibiting the rot of Chinese cabbage.


The article deals with the importance of economic education in vocational education. Economic education is seen as an important pedagogical component, the implementation of which is a productive way to prepare students in high school. The purpose of economic education developing the skills of self-organization of life, as well as improving economic education students.The article describes the objectives and principles of economic education in high school.Clarify the concept of competence and economic education of students.We believe that the solution to the problem of economic research education of students possible, taking into account the application of the competency approach.And also, emphasizes the importance of teaching economics discipline in universities, especially for students in the humanities majors.Arguments in favor of the development of economic thinking in the learning process, in order to enhance students´ skills of self-reliance and self-activity.The survey conclusions about the motivational orientation of students in the humanities majors in the course of professional activities and identified weaknesses in their economic knowledge.


The definition and basic characteristics of an industrial enterprise"s investment and innovative policy are specified in the paper. The review of methods of forecasting an enterprise"s investment and innovative policy is presented. The author carries out their selection and justifies the classification of forecasting methods that are suitable for application under economic crisis conditions.


A dynamic optimal control model describing the benefits and costs associated with the development of tropical forests rich in plant and animal species and folk knowledge is presented. The model is used as a framework to assess how various market and institutional incentives might influence both deforestation and the collection of "ethnobiological information."


It has been experimentally established that spectroscopic methods can be used to create a technological process condition for the development of methods for obtaining natural dyes used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. It is shown that the use of spectroscopy makes it possible to obtain coloring pigments rich in biologically active molecules, vitamin preparations and vital elements potassium, Ca, Fe, carotenoids, anthocyanins and flavones. The developed method can also improve the technology of obtaining products with high qualities with increased shelf life. The composition of the final product does not allow starch, herbicides, inorganic compounds that lead to obesity of the body.


The question of developing professional competency of a specialist (in engineering) is raised in the article. On the basis of the study undertaken, the project technique is the optimal condition of this process. The author tries to reveal principles and rules of organization of project activity of students and to characterize the method in the terms of competency building approach. Great attention is paid to reflection which can be encouraged by means of the method in question.


One sender-side enhancement of TCP, called Veno TCP, was recently proposed to mainly eliminate TCP's suffering in wireless environments. Real experiments verified that TCP Veno indeed works effectively and harmoniously in wire/wireless networks. In this paper, we revisit packet loss distinguishing scheme, which is borrowed from Vegas TCP and adopted in Veno TCP. Our simulation results demonstrate that in networks with light or moderate cross traffic, loss distinguishing between congestion loss and random loss does work well, while in networks with heavy cross traffic, misinterpreting congestion loss as random loss is very high. However, this superior erroneous loss type judgment does not affect Veno behavior negatively, which is quite different from our intuition. Veno's overall window evolution is still comparable with Reno's and thus continues to work harmoniously with Reno in wired networks. Such observed dilemma pushes us to rethink two fundamental aspects in system control theory - the congestion signal monitored and according to the actions performed. Further study on Veno is still being explored.


ALFRED MCCOY's paper offers a masterful analysis of the way in which the Philippines, and more generally Southeast Asia, were used as base and laboratory for extending US dominance—its hegemony—in the twentieth century, and in particular the Cold War era and its aftermath. He offers a succinct summary of the way in which US organs of global domination—the National Security Council, the CIA, the Defense Department—worked throughout the developing world and in Europe to ensure compliant, anti-communist regimes during the Cold War period, which also meant that more than once the United States was thwarting democracy in a number of locales and thus casting its own ideology of democratic progress and prosperity into doubt. Yet McCoy's analysis, insightful and revealing as it is of the larger power struggles involved in securing global dominion, embodied in a plethora of bases, does not tell us much about what the Cold War meant for the diverse populations of Southeast Asia. Its main focus lies elsewhere: the diplomatic horse-trading, fantasies, threats, and diffidence of global hegemons and their local collaborating elite. Nor does it show how the ideological battles of the Cold War were fought in Southeast Asia. Finally, McCoy's paper centers on describing military-political hegemony, but does not broach a more Gramscian notion of hegemony, that is, rule by gaining the consent of the governed. In what follows, I will attempt to supplement McCoy's argument by looking at situations somewhat closer to the ground in Southeast Asia—and, more broadly, Asia—in order to try to understand what else was occurring, over the longue durée, and especially from around 1850 to 2010. My argument is that these other developments enabled and sustained the military-political hegemony embodied in US international bases. The major other process that I am positing here is the quest for "modernity." However, as is well known, this quest was undertaken with a variety of motives and understandings of the idea, and was often in conflict or at other times intertwined with ideas about preserving something equally ill-defined that the very construction of the idea of modernity itself may have brought into being: "tradition." It involved new concepts of identity and social organization, new kinds of practices and technologies, and the fostering of new types of desires. It is true that projections of US power, including, certainly, its bases, had a heavy impact on Asia, and in particular on the parts of Southeast Asia with which I am most


Ni/Fe-based bimetallic nanoarchitecture materials play an important role in the development of non-precious-metal-based electrocatalysts toward water splitting, but the low activity and poor stabil...


There have been in recent years still more books that seek to explain economics in such a way that non-professionals would be able to understand current economic theories and arguments. This book f...


Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy and side-effect rate of intravenous iron with oral ferrous in iron deficiency anemia(IDA)patients.Methods:121 cases of iron deficiency anemia were selected randomly.68 cases received intravenous iron,while 53 cases recived traditional oral ferrous.Then the effects of improvement on iron deficiency anemia of the two groups and their side-effects for four weeks were observed.We measured hemoglobin,reticulocyte count and serum proteins termly.Results: At the end of the trial,the intravenous group was all effective,then 86% pers of the oral group was effective.Iron treat after three days,reticulocyte counts in intravenous group was obviously increased before treating(P0.05).After a week the increment of hemoglobin and reticulocyte count in intravenous group was significantly higher than that in oral group(P0.01).After four weeks the recovery rate of intravenous group was significantly higher than oral group(P0.01).The reaction in both groups was no significant differences.Conclusion:The way of intravenous iron can be made more effective promotion for iron deficiency anemia on hemoglobin.The time to reach natural hemoglobin(item.the men120g/L,women110g/L)in intravenous group is obvious shorter than oral group,and there is no more reaction and complications than oral group.


Objective To investigate the influence on virus development intervention efficacy and safely of lamivudine in treatment of chronic hepatitis B patients with pregnancy.Methods 18 women with chronic hepatitis B were found in early pregnancy during lamivudine treatment,and 22 women stop lamivudine treatment.We observed the virus development,pregnancy complication,infants HBV virus infection rates and fetal malformation.Results 16 women HBV-DNA turn negative of 18 women with chronic hepatitis B with treatment,while 19 women HBV-DNA positive of 22 women stop lamivudine treatment.Neither HBV virus infection rates,nor pregnancy complication and fetal malformation in lamivudine treatmentgroup,but there was 17 cases occurred pregnancy complication and 40.9% HBV virus infection rates in infant without lamivudine treatment group.Conclusion Lamivudine is beneficial in prevention mother to infant transmission and in reduction of complications and HBV-DNA level in patients of chronic hepatitis B with pregnancy.


Mature cystic teratoma of the ovary is the most common ovarian germ cell tumor and almost benign, but malignant transformation occurs in less than 2% of benign mature teratoma. Of the malignancies arising in teratomas, squamous cell carcinoma is the most common (70-80%). The presentation in stage I disease dose not differ from that of benign cystic teratoma. In the early stage, the treatment is possible through surgical intervention alone. We experienced a case of squamous cell carcinoma of the ovary arising in mature cystic teratoma, which is presented with a brief review of literature.


Job-education mismatch and overeducation issues among graduates have been discussed extensively, specifically related to the incidents, determinants, methods of measurement, and the effects of the mismatch. Despite this, the concept of job-education mismatch itself is not clearly explained. Since understanding this concept has theoretical and practical implications, this paper provides a critical review of the job mismatch concept and relates it to overeducation, which is a type of job-education imbalance under a vertical mismatch. This study relies solely on the literature review and does not provide any empirical evidence related to these concepts. A few issues have been highlighted and worth considering for further deliberation. Firstly, even though job-education mismatch, overeducation, overqualification, and underemployment are interchangeably used, these concepts have quite a distinct meaning. Secondly, when individuals' skills are considered in discussing vertical and horizontal mismatch, the scope of mismatch tends to be broader than that of overeducation. Thirdly, the discussion on overeducation tends to concentrate on the level of study imbalance and not on both the level and type of study. Fourthly, job-education imbalance by the field of study (horizontal mismatch) is not easily defined, and the discussion tends to be related to overeducation.


e17026Background: Management of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) when BCG fails engages complex decision-making that incorporates consideration of radical cystectomy (RC) and several intr...


Objective To understand the side reaction situation of DTaP,and provide basis for the safety of the vaccine inoculation.Methods According to The Vaccination Side Reaction Information Management System in 2012,we analyzed the cases of DTaP side reaction in the whole city.Results The rate of occurrence of DTaP side reaction in the whole city was about 0.2406‰ (24 people in 100 thousand people),the general reaction was about 0.2184 ‰ (21 people in 100 thousand people) ; the abnormal reaction was about 0.0222 ‰ (two people in 100 thousand people); the strong reaction rate in both the general reaction of severe fever and local reaction were lower,of which was 0.0333 ‰ and 0.0185 ‰ respectively.Among the areas,minority nationality areas were the highest (3.4733‰),the old age group was the highest in all age groups (0.4801‰).Conclusion Although the rate of occurrence of DTaP side reaction is lower and has good safety,it's still very necessary to take some feasible measures to guard against and make utmost effort to reduce its incidence before vaccinating,during vaccinating and after vaccinating.

Key words:
DTaP;  Vaccination side effects;  Monitoring


The present invention is a conventional cord blood composition or other stem or progenitor cells and embryos derived from postpartum placentas - provides compositions and methods similar to using stem cells. Embryonic-like stem cells may be used alone or mixed with other stem cell populations. According to the invention, embryonic-like stem cells, umbilical cord blood, fetal and neonatal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, derived from bone marrow, including human stem cells and progenitor cells, but not limited to, be combined with other stem cell populations can. Embryonic-like stem cells and embryo-mixed group of similar stem cells and stem cell therapeutic use for transplantation, including the treatment and prevention, and diagnostic and research uses of the disease, but not limited to, a variety of applications and It has an effect.


With modern laser diagnostic techniques it is now possible to image the detailed flame structure inside turbulent flames with high temporal and spatial resolution. This makes it possible to analyze the interaction between turbulent flow fields chemical reactions heat transfer and molecular transport of matter. Herewith concepts of models can be experimentally verified. Research on different burning regimes of turbulent premimed flames has already started. Figs 8 and refs 9


The timely and accurate detection of nuclear contraband is an extremely important problem of national security. The development of a prototype sequential Bayesian processor that incorporates the underlying physics of ¿-ray emissions and the measurement of photon energies and their interarrival times that offers a physics-based approach to attack this challenging problem is described. A basic radionuclide representation in terms of its ¿-ray energies along with photon interarrival times is used to extract the physics information available from the uncertain measurements. It is shown that not only does this approach lead to a physics-based structure that can be used to develop an effective threat detection technique, but also motivates the implementation of this approach using advanced sequential Monte Carlo processors or particle filters to extract the required information. The resulting processor is applied to experimental data to demonstrate its feasibility.


This article touches upon the different ways of specialization of courts and judges that exist under the legislation of the Russian Federation. The lack of a unified and circumspect approach is noted. The formation of specialized courts, according to the national legislation, takes the form of their establishing within the existing subsystems of regular and arbitration courts. As for the specialization of judges, it is more diversified and is presented by either creation of separate types of procedure (special proceedings, proceedings on cases arising from public relations and some other), or by introduction of special rules on jurisdiction that establish competence of specific courts to consider cases of a particular category: on the compensation for the excessive time taken to consider a case, on the adoption of a child by a foreign national and others.An analysis of existing literature on the issue in question shows that Russian scholars support the idea of judges' specialization. Against specialization of courts the following arguments are brought: significant material costs, not being in accordance with the small number of cases decided by specialized courts; problems with access to justice; and the necessity to give special training to narrowly specialized judges .


In this study, some N-(chroman-4-ylidene)phenoxyacetohydrazone and N-(chroman-4-ylidene)phenoxyacetohydrazone compounds were synthesized. Structure of the compounds were identified by using IR, H NMR and MASS spectral data and by elemental analysis. Particularly, some compounds showed interesting antimycobacterial activities.


The development objective of the Sindh Solar Energy Project for Pakistan is to increase solar power generation and access to electricity in Sindh Province. Some of the negative impacts are include : (i) impact on natural vegetation and forests due to permanent clearing of land for establishing the grid-connected solar power plant; (ii) impact on wildlife habitats due to permanent clearing of land for establishing the grid-connected solar power plant; (iii) GHG emissions from site clearing and other construction activities, materials life cycle; (iv) damage caused by solar panels and their supporting structure if broken by windstorms; (v) land acquisition; (vi) dust and air pollution from construction activities; (vii) noise and vibration from construction activities; (viii) generation of spoils; (ix) impacts on building roofs such as structural damage and water leakage into the building; (x) employment opportunities for local communities; (xi) impacts on access roads and damages to local infrastructure or existing structures; (xii) workers health and safety; Some of the mitigation measures are include : (i) compensatory tree plantation (five saplings to be planted for each tree to be felled) will be carried out within the solar park of possible; (ii) high intensity lights will be avoided to the extent possible; (iii) no mitigation is needed since the net GHG emissions are negligible when compared to other feasible options for power generation; (iv) while preparing the construction design, the maximum wind speed in the sub-project area will be considered; (v) The beneficiary community particularly the house owners will be advised to assess the cost and benefit of installing solar panels on their rooftops; (vi) work schedule to be prepared in consultation with the building occupants; (vii) flood lights to be avoided to the extent possible where needed and appropriate (without compromising the security concerns); (viii) appropriate construction design and methodology will be employed to ensure that the building, its roof, its water pipes, and its electric wiring are not damaged; (ix) The contractor will be required to restore the site completely, removing all debris, left-over construction material, scrap, spoils, and other wastes; (x) The local communities will be given preference for these employment opportunities; (xi) The contractor will ensure that local roads and routes are not blocked by the construction and related activities such as material transportation; (xii) The contractor will be required to prepare a community health and safety plan in accordance with the related ECoP and implement it during the construction phase; (xiii) awareness raising materials such as posters and signage will be used as appropriate; (xiv) permission will be sought from the provincial government for carrying out the Project activities in such buildings; (xv) options will be considered to avoid using water for the panel cleaning; cleaning with compressed air will be considered.


This paper analyses the current situation of course setting in normal colleges and proposes some ideas as to the reform and the features of course setting in the 21st century.


The friction mounting technique described here is derived from Japanese scroll mounters' method of flattening paper. This technique helps to alleviate various problems encountered in pressing of works on paper. It also enhances subtle textural and three-dimensional quality of paper and its mediums. Japanese mounters do not normally use a press to smoothen or flatten works on paper. Instead, they employ a technique called mizubari (water mounting, or stretching). Sometimes it is called karibari (temporary mounting, or stretching). The original Japanese technique is a form of stretch-drying employing a drying board (also called a karibari) on which a paper object is temporarily mounted with a false backing until it dries. In this procedure, a paper object is placed face down over a protective tissue on a table surface and moistened and smoothed with a smoothing brush (nadebake). A moistened sheet of mulberry paper (typically a medium-weight mino paper cut ca. l" larger than the object on each side) is briskly brushed on to the back of the object until a firm enough contact is established between the two sheets. The Japanese paper is thin and porous, so the moisture and friction alone bind the sheets strongly enough to be effective. The unit of object and mulberry paper is turned over so the object faces upward, and a line of paste is applied around the extended


Qiraat mutawatirah is a qiraat (the style of reading) agreed by ulama (scholars) qiraat as sahih (valid) and is considered as a correct of reading al-Qur'an. Reading al-Qur'an by using qiraat mutawatirah is an ibadah (worship) and it will be rewarded. To ensure any qiraats is qiraat mutawatirah, scholars placed specific requirements to differentiates between valid qiraats with the questionable and made up qiraats. Scholars founds that the requirements stated can also be used to validate modern research in authenticate obtained data. This research focusing on two main objectives which are to identify the requirements for qiraat mutawatirah and to analyze the requirements to be used for validation in authenticating research data related to Islamic-based research methodology. What are the requirements for qiraat mutawatirah? Can the requirements still be used in the modern research context? To answer these questions, qualitative research method and content analyzing was used in this research. In conclusions, there are elements existed in the requirements such as sanad mutawatir, the number of narrator and the characteristic of the narrator can be used in validation of the research data and research about Islam.


Geometric path tracking controllers are very popular to be implemented in the autonomous vehicles because of its simple implementation and validation in the practical applications. However, it also suffered from the sensitivity to the selections of the look-ahead distance. Therefore, reasonable tuning strategy of the look-ahead distance is very important to the application of the geometric controllers. This paper proposed a more robust tuning strategy for all the geometric controllers based on the careful analysis of the previous methods. Instead of utilizing as much as possible elements, we just want to make use of only two variables, the distance from the current location to the reference path and the changing rate of it. Fuzzy logic was utilized to combine these two variables to tune the look-ahead distance. We will show that we just use two variables, but we actually consider another two variables' affections indirectly. Lastly, we will add our strategy to two different classical geometric controllers and compare the relative benefits of previous tuning strategies.


Gynecological pelvic cancer is a disease located in the internal genital organs of certain females having undergone hysterectomy. It is thus a castration for these women in the reality of their suffering bodies. Cancer and its treatments are a sum of bodily effractions which reiterate a psychic representation of penetration likened to the passive acceptance of the other into the self. This idea of the foreigner inside of the self brings fantasies, affects and penetrating representations into play which damage the body image, generate images of passivity and revive experiences of «?passivation?». Moreover, this 'breaking and entering' specifically acts on the intimate region of sex, where a woman's and a mother's destiny are incarnated, calling into consciousness the feminine of the woman in its plural forms but also in its relations with sexuality.


BACKGROUND: Cancer and Cardiovascular disease are two of the main causes of mortality across the globe. The focus of this study was to highlight the current global trends in mortality for cardiovascular disease and cancer.

METHODS: The World Health Organization (WHO) database was used to analyze mortality rates for cancer and cardiovascular disease by calculating age-standardized mortality rates (ASR) from 2000 to 2015 for high income and upper and lower-middle-income countries.

FINDINGS: We found that from 2000 to 2015, there was an increase in ASR for cancer for both men and women irrespective of a country's income status (P < 0.00001). The ASR for cancer was higher in high-income countries than in upper middle and lower middle-income countries (P < 0.01). There also was a decrease in ASR for cardiovascular disease for the 15 years analyzed (P < 0.00001). Additionally, high-income countries had higher ASR for cardiovascular disease than upper middle-income countries (P< 0.05).

INTERPRETATION: In this comparative analysis of the worldwide mortality trends of cancer and cardiovascular disease over a 15-year period, our results indicate that cancer related mortality rate increased by 6%, while cardiovascular disease mortality rate decreased by 7%.

CONCLUSION: Cancer and cardiovascular disease are two of the leading causes of non-communicable disease related mortality worldwide. Due to early detection and targeted interventions; cardiovascular disease mortality rates have decreased over the past decade. This is in stark contrast with cancer mortality rates, which are steadily rising, despite many interventions and efforts directed at early detection.

FUNDING STATEMENT: AQH was supported by the Mayo Clinic Professorship and a Clinician Investigator award as well as the NIH (R43CA221490, R01CA200399, R01CA195503, and R01CA216855).

DECLARATION OF INTERESTS: The authors state: "None."

ETHICS APPROVAL STATEMENT: Because this study utilized publicly available de-identified data, the study was determined exempt from IRB review.


Changing Structure of Indian Economy As Seen through National Accounts; Data V K R V Rao The Analysis of national income data attempted in this paper brings out the fact of important struc- tural changes having taken place in the Indian economy during the period 1950-51 to 1976~77.


This demo illustrates the EII management system, which is a support tool to iterative reengineering of data and applications, developed in SERLAB. EII/spl I.bar/MS provides a unified view of enterprise data over the various data sources in spite of original data heterogeneity and redundancy.


Although resting immune function is not very different in athletes compared with non-athletes periods of intensified training (overreaching) in already well trained athletes can result in a depression of immunity in the resting state. Illness-prone athletes appear to have an altered cytokine response to antigen stimulation and exercise. Having low levels of salivary IgA secretion also makes athletes more susceptible to upper respiratory tract infections. Overtraining is associated with recurrent infections and immunodepression is common, but immune functions do not seem to be reliable markers of impending overtraining. There are several possible causes of the diminution of immune function associated with periods of heavy training. One mechanism may simply be the cumulative effects of repeated bouts of intense exercise (with or without tissue damage) with the consequent elevation of stress hormones, particularly glucocorticoids such as cortisol, causing temporary inhibition of TH-1 cytokines with a relative dampening of the cell-mediated response. When exercise is repeated frequently there may not be sufficient time for the immune system to recover fully. Tapering has been described as a gradual reduction in the training load which allows the recovery of physiological capacities that were impaired by previous intensive training and permits further training-induced adaptations to occur accompanied by competition performance enhancements. The majority of the studies that have examined the recovery of immunoendocrine responses during 1-3 week tapers in trained athletes have mainly reported enhanced performance, often accompanied by increased anabolic activity, reduced physiological stress and restoration of mucosal immunity and immune function.


The DS1302 is designed to operate on low power and it has only three wires for communicating with microcontroller.In this paper,introduces the principle and instruction of DS1302,and the method for solving error in software design,and the application in germ-killer,and PIC microcontroller's software of reading and writing DS1302.