Open Access and the Power of Editorial Boards: Why Elsevier Plays Hardball - <AUTHOR> http://governancexborders.com/2015/11/07/open-access-and-the-power-of-editorial-boards-why-elsevier-plays-hardball-with-deviant-linguists/ <comment><USER2> The whole reputation dependency is highly problematic. It puts people in spotlight that produce a lot of papers which get some spotlight, but serious scientists that put a lot of time and thought into one paper and only produce a dozen in their lifetime get under in the flood of papers we have now.

Everybody in science knows that the quality of papers has degraded over the last 10 years, just the amount went up enormously.

I dream and hopefully get this project into development that takes a different route. First, instead of letting 1-2 people decide if a paper is ok, everybody can test and classify it. Math or logic errors are obvious once, but also a dependency tree is required. Which methods are used, which tools etc.

Each user will then have the possibility to follow others and accept their view, which means, their trust in a particular method as well as trusting in methods itself.

To give an example: One may trust in classical logic, but not mathematical logic (yes, there is a huge difference). When a paper uses a statistical method that requires mathematical logic, this paper does not have a truth value for you, but maybe for someone else who believes in it. Or you don't accept method xy, or a specific apparatus.

You may also say: you accept all papers that got reviewed by at 10 people somewhere in your web of trust.

[http://vixra.org/why](http://vixra.org/why)

censorship in science does happen and it helps nothing. Every great scientific change in thinking sounded nuts or at least strange in the beginning and very often reviewers are not open minded and don't let math and logic rule but their feeling.

Since I found a physical model that requires only classical logic not a mathematical one, I'm not so sure if I should accept anything that requires mathematical logic at all (outside of a purely mathematical space). It's nearly impossible to go through all the details in a paper and found their chain of proves to check what requirements a paper has.

</comment><comment><USER3> See also the story of Machine Learning editors, who quit to found JMLR in 2001 for the same reason:

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Machine_Learning_Re...](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Machine_Learning_Research)

[http://sigir.org/files/forum/F2001/sigirFall01Letters.html](http://sigir.org/files/forum/F2001/sigirFall01Letters.html)

</comment><comment><USER4> Back in 2002 the advent of online/open-access publication gave an appealing alternative to established journals. As I was among the "pioneers" in publishing on open-access, my bias in favor of it is strong.

The traditional publishers no doubt see open access as a threat to their dominance and economic survival. However in the era of increasing public and government demands it seems inevitable that open access is going to continue to grow.

It's important to understand the implications of open access re: nature of funding. The model is inverted, with costs of publishing falling on the author (or institutional backer) rather than the reader. Traditionally, the cost burden was on the subscriber, with open access it falls on the creator of the content.

Perhaps that's not more "fair" a distribution of burden, but there's value in ability to share research widely. Scientific knowledge is only as meaningful as the degree to which it is available to anyone who wants to learn about it.

<comment><USER5> >It's important to understand the implications of open access re: nature of funding. The model is inverted, with costs of publishing falling on the author (or institutional backer) rather than the reader. Traditionally, the cost burden was on the subscriber, with open access it falls on the creator of the content.

Which costs are you referring to? Are the editors paid? If not the only transfer in costs seems to be hosting a website for downloading static documents?

<comment><USER6> Reviewers are generally not reimbursed but full time editors probably are, there are also day-to-day operation and administration duties to be carried out by salaried workers. Depending on the type of journal they will also have to maintain a brick-and -mortar office, print physical copies and post to subscribers, etc. Suffice to say there is a substantial overhead.

Previously submission by the researcher and subsequent publicaiton is effectively free; the real cost is paid by subscribers such as university libraries as well as commercial entities.

Under the open-access model the researcher pays the publisher directly for each submission and this can vary from hundreds to thousands of dollars. PLoS one currently charges US$1495 for each publication.

[https://www.plos.org/publications/publication- fees/](https://www.plos.org/publications/publication-fees/)

The exact burden depends on the subject, STEM may be better funded, but this is still not a sum that one can just shrug off. Often grant money also come with strict stipulations on exactly what expenses can be paid with them - publication fee is usually not provided.

<comment><USER4> Thanks, that's a good explanation of open access funding trade-offs. Traditional publishing erects paywalls for readers (buying a subscription or pay per-article fees) but not for authors. OTOH open-access has paywalls for authors (or author's employer), but none for readers.

In 2002 the required payment was $500, probably about equivalent to current author fees. Presumably it offsets the administrative costs involved in running the journal website and overseeing the peer review process. I don't have first hand knowledge regarding costs of publication or profit margins, but the expense must be paid by _someone_ , generically authors or readers.

I was willing to pay because I regarded wide exposure of the data I was reporting as important, my contribution to the benefit of the community at large. In retrospect, I guess the fact that the article has been viewed several thousand times (and cited by numerous subsequent reports) is a much greater readership than it would have garnered behind a steep paywall.

<comment><USER7> It's somewhat shortsighted to see this as a situation where the reader pays versus one where the researcher pays.

In both cases it is typically the university which pays. In one model the library pays, in the other it might be an academic department, research office or the library which pays.

Gold open access [the pay to publish model] is distinct from Green open access [where no payment is required].

Many publishers, like Elsevier are adopting a 'hybrid' model where they charge both to publish , and to read.

While there are costs to publishing one they don't justify teh huge fees [and profits] that Elsevier make. One would have to assume that the major, technical infrastructure Elsevier etc implement is to keep their texts inaccessible.

A new OA publisher, the Open Library of Humanities is trying a new model, where neither reader not author pay. Instead the suite of journals is funded by an international consortium of libraries.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER8> Publication cost should be considered on an equal footing with all the other costs necessary to run a lab. Reagents and buffers need to be paid for out of grants, why not publication costs?

<comment><USER9> Labs typically don't pay for journal subscriptions. University libraries and academic departments subscribe as a benefit to the collective university community.

A per-article subscription/purchase model would be more appropriate if we consider that the cost of peer-provided knowledge is a hard cost similar to reagents and buffers.

But I personally agree with Open Access advocates, cost should be as close to free as reasonably possible.

<comment><USER10> That wasn't true when I was a grad student. My lab had an individual (paper) subscription to a couple of critical journals in our field. Many individuals subscribe to "Nature", which is arguably the most prestigious general sciences journal out there.

The landscape may have changed in the intervening years, with blanket institutional subscriptions making paper subscriptions irrelevant.

I also suspect that, much like with albums and music, nobody actually reads a journal cover to cover these days, instead they are consuming the papers they want in a random-access fashion as a collection of PDF's.</comment></comment></comment>


What iOS Can Learn from Unix - <AUTHOR> http://blog.inkmobility.com/post/60759200492/what-ios-can-learn-from-unix <comment><USER2> So really this is, "What iOS can learn from a 2008 Android device"? The author is wrong in his footnote. Android intents are both action and file type based or even wildcard URL based. [http://assets.sbnation.com/assets/1219228/complete-action- an...](http://assets.sbnation.com/assets/1219228/complete-action- android-41-jelly-bean-ss-16-verge-300.jpg)

<comment><USER3> Ah, thanks for the heads up. I've updated the footnote.

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> I think they avoid a lot of features because they are immediately used for spam. Like the tray icons for windows, the start menu entry, the desktop icons, the chrome plugins, the menu icons in Mac OS X, the notifications etc.

The marketers are a plague, they destroy everything.

</comment><comment><USER5> From the footnotes:

 _> Android has intents which are a big step in the right direction. With a few tweaks to user experience they could solve this problem on the platform._

What tweaks would 'solve this problem'? As far as I can tell, Android intents work flawlessly for transferring content between apps. I can click an attachment on an email, open it in an editor, make changes, and then share that file back on a social network or another email. Each step taking only two taps. The speed of downloading attachments could do with some work in most cases, but that's just a hardware issue and will probably be far faster in another generation or two of hardware.

I have a feeling the author has never really used an Android device much? Or am I missing some key piece missing from intents?

<comment><USER3> An Android phone is my primary device. A few key issues for me:

1\. No app discovery -- I want to find out about apps that can work with my content.

2\. Action curation -- I want to see the actions that other people think are most useful when dealing with my content.

3\. No "Return" actions -- eg. The context knowledge necessary to reply to the same message, or overwrite an existing file.

4\. Cross device and cross OS: If this is done right, there's no reason for the action to be bound to just one device or even one person.

<comment><USER5> 1\. When you initiate any action that would use an intent in Android, you get that selection popup window that let's you choose any app that can handle that intent. So I think there is already app discovery? Unless you mean something like Play Store integration into Android itself, in which you can view applications on Google Play that can handle that intent. That is pretty interesting and should be do-able even without Google's intervention with just a database of Google Play apps... I looked around but didn't find anything. Might be a cool project to try.

2\. Each app defines what intents it can handle, so I don't think curation is necessary. The app select popup window is already curating that for you?

3\. This context knowledge is provided inside every intent. Not all apps choose to use it, though. In some cases I'd guess the sandbox would get in the way as well. I'm not sure how much practical value this would have anyway? Can you explain it a bit more?

4\. There is nothing stopping Apple from adopting Android intents, but obviously they won't. This is a 'pie in the sky' suggestion that won't happen for the same reason there is more than one flavour of Linux. It's like asking why you can't pipe results from your unix system to a Windows system - it just won't happen for political reasons.

<comment><USER3> 1\. I'm thinking of it being connected with Google Play.

2\. Once you've increased the scope beyond the apps on the device, work needs to be done to show the most relevant and useful actions.

3\. Enabling flows like:

\- Take file from one app, edit in another app, save back over the original file

\- Take an email attachment, edit / modify in another app, then reply back on the same thread

4\. But there is no reason a third party can't come in and make it happen.

<comment><USER5> Good points. The problem with creating this is that it would need system level access for each OS, I think. Adding these kind of intents into Windows or OSX would be easy enough, and adding them into browsers should be possible too (Firefox, at least, would be open to it). I can't see how you'd ever get this added into iOS. Google is unlikely to extend intents in this way for Android as it would break backwards compatibility also.

I think the technical challenge may be too great for current gen OSes and browsers? Perhaps we will see a system like this arise on the 'next battlefield', whatever that might be.

Here's hoping someone works it out. The system itself is not that difficult to understand or to implement, it's the logistics of it that would be difficult and (by definition) need a lot more collaboration between corps than currently.

Web Intents [1] are a push in this direction, but adoption is extremely slow and does not look like it is going to take place.

[1] [http://webintents.org/](http://webintents.org/)

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER6> I've posted this before, but it's relevant to mention AudioBus which is a way to pipe separate music apps together on one iOS device. I've incorporated it into one of my apps and it works really well.

According to Michael, it's creator, it uses Mach Ports to communicate between apps. Apple embraced it and included it with GarageBand.

<comment><USER7> At this point there is JACK, AudioBus, and soon inter-app audio in iOS7.

<comment><USER8> Apparently AudioBus has already been updated to be interoperable with inter- app audio:

[http://createdigitalmusic.com/2013/09/audiobus-for- ios-7-upd...](http://createdigitalmusic.com/2013/09/audiobus-for-ios-7-update- is-already-here/)

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER9> Android has this in the form of intents. Not quite as useful, but still works well. Maybe look at more than just iOS when talking about "the mobile space".

<comment><USER10> And Windows Phone adopted it in the form of contracts as well.

</comment></comment><comment><USER11> From a user perspective, intents are more useful and cover almost everything they're talking about. Most people really don't want to think about the how, they just want to share something to Facebook somehow. Having a standard way to just hook the Facebook app for it is what they really need.

It is a shame that we can't get more app functionality sharing in place, but really I don't know if we necessarily want to bring that much dependency management into the mobile space at large either.

<comment><USER3> Intents are useful, but could be better. A standard way to hook into the Facebook app is fine for Facebook but what about when the space is more fragmented? Should app authors have to integrate with every document viewer or Mail App?

<comment><USER12> Standard way to hook into the Facebook app is a "Share Intent" which can be picked up by any other social network application; such as Google+, my text messaging app, Google Hangouts, and so many others. Even allowing "copy to clipboard" and "Pin" and whatever else. Almost every Android app creates a Share Intent listener to pull in data.

If there's a document viewer, it'll listen in for the file types it supports when you try to open a file (I think its a VIEW intent). It's all very impressive and very, very useful.

<comment><USER7> Unless they've changed it, you'll have to use the FaceBook SDK to do anything more than post a URL. FB's intent support is bad.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER13> How about we produce an enclosure that looks about as good as an iPhone or iPad (as some are already doing; hello Samsung). Inside we put cheap electronics, but with no barriers to what software can be run (hello Apple) and no barriers to inspecting each and every line of software code that will be running on our device that we own (hello, Apple). Finally, we install our own open source OS (say, UNIX). That UNIX might be so simple that we could, if desired, compile it ourselves from scratch. Maybe even the compiler itself. No better route to security, if there is such a thing.

If iOS is so great and there is demand, Apple can sell us a license to run it on our device. My guess is that few would pay for this. More likely, the market would demand a windowing GUI, not an entire OS (e.g., one borrowed from CMU, FreeBSD and NetBSD; hello again Apple). Could developers respond and deliver one?

UNIX can do lots of things well. And well enough. That's probably why iOS relies on UNIX and not some other OS. But iOS won't let you do all the things that UNIX will let you do.

Conclusion: iOS is inferior to other, more open, more traditional UNIX alternatives. Apple does make a nice windowing GUI. And some very nice enclosures. Each worth a price, no doubt. But UNIX, the code that does the important stuff, has always been free.

<comment><USER14> There is no barrier to what software will run on your nexus device. For example, I could put android, or Ubuntu on my Nexus 4. Doesn't that meet all your requirements? The hardware is even sold near cost, by a well-known manufacturer.

<comment><USER13> It might meet some. Does it boot from external media? Can I use my own bootloader? Android or Ubuntu are both Linux. What about something like BSD or Plan9?

To be truthful, my "requirements" include first and foremost, a great looking enclosure. There is a reason for that. I want be able to buy the enclosure separately. This is important.

In my vision, there would multiple sources for boards that might fit inside. Not every user might want or need the same computing power or peripherals.

Imagine, to take an example, if there were multiple RaspberryPi-sized boards. Then you could mix and match different available enclosures[1] with different boards.

1\. We are seeing the market respond with many, varied enclosures for the Pi.

There are lots of development boards for sale to consumers, and there are dedicated people porting UNIX OS's to run on them.

What I don't see, generally, are reasonably-priced and attractive enclosures for these boards. The RaspberryPi may be changing this state of affairs, as the Pi enclosure market continues to grow.

Separating out the parts of the device, from the enclosure to the PCB to the OS to the third party software is, you might say, like the UNIX userland philosophy of isolating functions to their own individual utilities. This separation allows more flexibility and more power, in the example of the UNIX userland by allowing the user to filter and redirect output and connect utilities together with pipes.

What are the things Apple does well? Enclosures and graphics, in my opinion. (And controlling their users :) UNIX is not on the list. There are better UNIX alternatives than iOS. My opinion.

Or, as in the article, you can wait and hope that iOS can be improved to be more like those UNIX alternatives.

<comment><USER14> While there doesn't exist any project to run BSD or Plan 9 on a Nexus right now, there is literally nothing stopping that from happening (except tremendous apathy from pretty much the whole world).

I don't understand being so hung up on the enclosure. Nothing's stopping you from fabricating new enclosures for Nexus 4s. You could even mass produce them, and repackage new Nexus 4s as a value-added service for people. You could, theoretically, buy up busted iPhones from ebay and repack them as Android devices - although it'd be much easier to buy one of the million fake iPhones from China, which are already basically reference Android devices.

On the UI side, Samsung was on the way to shipping their devices with an iOS clone around the time of the S2. If you want an Android experience which is very similar to iOS, you could even look at MIUI [1], which rips off a bunch of Apple's design philosophy.

In short, everything you asked for is already very possible, it's just that nobody is handing it to you on a platter. You could try to get rich enough to buy 51% of Apple, and redirect their whole corporate focus. Or you could pick an interesting project and start hacking ;)

1\. [http://en.miui.com/](http://en.miui.com/)

<comment><USER13> Thanks for this. If I can use U-boot with Nexus 4, I will certainly investigate.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER15> > What iOS Can Learn from Unix

Having concept of "files" to be able to open pdf you just downloaded from email/browser inside pdf reader?

<comment><USER16> Do you need the concept of files in order for that to happen?

<comment><USER15> Well, I think yes (mimetypes at least).

<comment><USER16> Sure, but the user doesn't need to know about the filesystem.

<comment><USER15> Yes. He doesn't. He just taps on file he downloaded. Or opens reader app (which scans all pdf's for him).

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER17> I would like to see this done well. However, with Apple trying to protect and cater to the "every-day user", I wonder if we will ever see something like this, because of the security implications that come with it.

<comment><USER18> It's a fallacy that the every-day user doesn't want or need a filesystem.

They do need a filesystem and interoperable components. What they do NOT need is a hierarchical based filesystem that limits you to a directory trees. It's an organizational nightmare, and unless you've ever used git before it's a literal hell for the average user.

Instead, a flat filesystem with smart names, tagging, and metadata is the way forward. Subdirectories will be relegated to those who want them.

As for security, that excuse is nonexistent when Apple has the final authority to application interoperability and analysis. If an implementation is flawed, they can reject it at will and tell the developers to improve it.

<comment><USER17> I agree. I was just trying to imagine what Apple's will do since they have been trying for years to eliminate the file system for the every-day user, even on OSX (iTunes, iPhoto, Notes, etc.)

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER19> I think that there's more to it than what's mentioned in the article: Todays mobile OSes (and iOS prominently) have been designed as consumer OSes. Now it is becoming apparent that mobile devices are eventually becoming a platform for work (well, "work" might be a bit exaggerated here) and targeted task- fullfilment too.

Time to rethink the mobile OS as a whole.

<comment><USER20> Android does this already. Windows 8 (RT) and Windows Phone do too. The article is only about iOS.

<comment><USER21> Windows RT does NOT do this.. They have a few very limited APIs for IPC, such as Search.. other than that, it's very tied down. Even so much so that it's _impossible_ to make a universal file browser. You have to declare ahead of time which file extensions your application should be capable of opening

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER22> This is why I'm still not able to wrap my head around some developers' fascination or love for iOS. Or actually apple at all, since the Apple ][ tbh. Especially when it is becoming more clear that they target the "consumer" range. Unless it's only for profit. But love? Off topic, sorry. Android intents.

<comment><USER23> I think you're conflating being a software developer and being a power user.

</comment></comment><comment><USER24> Although it's not a true "pipe", the best way to handle data transfer between apps on iOS is to use custom URL schemes. I've done this to pass data and launch another application.

See "communicating with other apps": [https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/iPhone...](https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/iPhone/Conceptual/iPhoneOSProgrammingGuide/AdvancedAppTricks/AdvancedAppTricks.html)

In one app framework we built we had a fairly complicated parser and it could handle a pretty wide variety of URL paths and the supplied data. But there in turn lies the problem - each app must have a mechanism to handle the parsing and routing for these URLs.

<comment><USER3> This is a good start -- [http://x-callback-url.com/](http://x-callback- url.com/) is a standard and listing for apps that support it. The biggest problem is that there is a limited amount of data that you can transfer in a URL (about 80KB I believe) so even large PDFs will start to cause problems.

</comment></comment><comment><USER25> Small isolated components lead to communication overhead and can cripple performance.

They offer certain advantages, too, but this is no different from any other software-engineering tradeoff.

There's a reason why the winning kernel is a monolithic kernel, and the winning init system is one large God-daemon that replaces many smaller legacy daemons.

<comment><USER3> There's a difference between the performance you want in your kernel and the performance you need sharing to Facebook. It seems like creating monolithic mobile apps is premature optimization.

</comment></comment><comment><USER26> When I read the headline I thought "isn't iOS based on Darwin?" and then I read the article. Good points, but I feel the headline is a bit off.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin_(operating_system)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin_\(operating_system\))

</comment><comment><USER27> All the downfalls mentioned in the article (and many others) are direct consequences of non-free software. Apparently the author is oblivious to this fact, and the nature of free software.

</comment><comment><USER28> What the author wants is Android.

iOS doesn't work that way, and for good reasons.

</comment><comment><USER29> What inkmobility can learn from Unix: open source and live forever.</comment>


Once-tolerant Indonesia moves to outlaw gay – and extramarital – sex - <AUTHOR> https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/once-tolerant-indonesia-moves-to-outlaw-gay--and-extramarital--sex/2018/02/09/d82b7112-0b79-11e8-998c-96deb18cca19_story.html <comment><USER2> 87% muslim country. Not a surprising move at all.

<comment><AUTHOR> It's actually a bit more complicated. The Islam traditionally practiced in Indonesia has been well known for being comparatively tolerant and for promoting pluralism. So the issue is not the fact of being predominantly a Muslim country in itself, but growing influence coming from conservative forces in the Middle East (which, indeed, is not all that surprising).

The largest Islamic organization in the country and traditionally the biggest proponent of a moderate Islam, Nahdlatul Ulama, is clearly naming the problem: Wahhabism. "It is false and counterproductive to claim that the actions of al- Qaeda, ISIS, Boko Haram and other such groups have nothing to do with Islam, or merely represent a perversion of Islamic teachings. They are, in fact, outgrowths of Wahhabism and other fundamentalist streams of Sunni Islam," Yaqut said." [http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/05/25/humanitarian-i...](http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/05/25/humanitarian- islam-movement-begins-in-east-java.html)

Interesting read about the same topic here [http://foreignpolicy.com/2017/02/14/indonesias-moderate- isla...](http://foreignpolicy.com/2017/02/14/indonesias-moderate-islam-is- slowly-crumbling/)

It's definitely sad to see the moderate forces lose against the foreign-funded supporters of extremist views in what otherwise is a beautiful country.

<comment><USER3> As indonesian, i couldnt be agree more with this.its complicated. Especially if everythings what you did needs to be related with religion(goverment, business, relation) You cant hide it. Many people worried with the future in here</comment></comment></comment>


Lemmings in the Browser - <AUTHOR> http://bombsite.org/

<comment><USER2> The web site is derived from the code at the correct URL, which is [http://www.elizium.nu/scripts/lemmings/](http://www.elizium.nu/scripts/lemmings/) from 2003. It was one of the first examples of how Dynamic HTML could be used for a "real" application.

This web site has changed a few things, perhaps most notably is the addition of the two buttons to "Play" and "Download", which are links to ad sites, or possibly to what is a spyware/video app. These buttons have nothing to do with playing or downloading the game.</comment>


Net approaches address exhaustion - <AUTHOR> http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-12306573

<comment><AUTHOR> This is obviously not a surprise, but what I don't know is what I - as a standard internet user, without active domains, an online business etc - should be doing about IPv6.

If the changeover is not happening fast enough, is that because I haven't requested something from my ISP, or should I be lobbying them to do something themselves sooner?</comment>


Joel on Software: "By installing Java, you will be able to experience the power of Java" - <AUTHOR> http://www.joelonsoftware.com/items/2009/01/12.html

<comment><USER2> How many times does "Joel on Software" show up on this blog entry? I count 5 times, including the Title and email address. Pot...kettle...black.

<comment><USER3> Ok, let's analyze this "burn:" Instances of "Joel on Software" on the linked page:

* Header image that states "Joel On Software" and links to the homepage. This is a common website device. One

* Another text link before the article title. Ok, this one seems extraneous. Though since the first is an image, this is more SEO friendly. Two

* Not mentioned anywhere in the article.

* The footer contains another link. Again, this isn't really irregular. Three

* The email for the author of the article. Would it satisfy you if Joel had used another domain for his email address? Four

So there are a grand total of 4 appearances on that particular page, and with the exception (maybe) of one, none are spammy.

Did you come into this discussion solely to diss the author? Joel was pointing out something inane in a wizard dialog box, and you essentially call him a hypocrite.

<comment><USER2> Let's be clear on one thing. I didn't "essentially" call him a hypocrite, I "really" called him a hypocrite.

<comment><USER4> Perhaps the both of you can settle your differences by reading more Joel on Software whilst experiencing the Power of Java?

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> _If you can't think of anything to say, maybe you should just up._

Although Joel's writing a post about omitting needless words, I think this sentence needs an additional word.

Sometimes I wonder if blogs could use a "typo alert" button.

<comment><USER6> great idea, not a full-blown comment, but a small link (like "flag") that gives room for a one line description. Most typos are pretty short, and are covered by something like the below. Even if the description happened to be ambiguous, it would be enough of a heads up for the blogger to find it. I'd think it's not attractive enough to spammers to warrant a captcha.

      s/just up/just shut up/

<comment><USER5> What I have in mind would be a direct message to the author, not a public message. That should further discourage spammers -- I imagine they're not particularly interested in sending spam to one blogger at a time.

You might want to have some feedback that informs a person who is about to report a typo that 4 or 5 other people have already reported a typo on a given post. That might help discourage the phenomenon where a single typo generates a flood of 10,000 helpful reports.

<comment><USER7> > I imagine they're not particularly interested in sending spam to one blogger > at a time.

I get a ton of spam via the GitHub web interface. It is really annoying.

<comment><USER8> How much spam qualifies as a ton?

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER9> Given the JVM startup times, shouldn't it say "Please Wait.............Java Loves You". Ha ha...ooops not really actually funny at all. I'll leave it though. Sorry.

(I'm not bitter, I just had to restart tomcat over 50 times today. It has its upside: 12145ms x 50, enough time to read a couple of items on hacker news. I wonder how much this post will cost Sun? There will probably be a bug in their tracker by morning. Maybe Joel's just making an issue out of these little things so their bug tracking will be overwhelmed and they'll have to turn to FogBugz?)

<comment><USER10> Why on earth did you restart 50 times? zeroturnaround.com?

<comment><USER9> Hot redeploy not working for this app in development.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER11> Could we actually have some real conversation about the topic?

<comment><USER12> It would be nice if the topic had some real subject to talk about.

</comment></comment><comment><USER13> Well, it has been pointed out before, but this is just too funny. I hadn't looked at joel's site for some time and I had to check some other posts to tell whether the blurbs under the real posts were there for humorous reasons or whether they were an actual part of the page template. Unfortunately the latter is true. He could just put "Joel loves developers."

What's there sounds like the same kind of marketing department cool-aid that the poor engineers at Sun are forced to put in their installers.

Now, if you are tempted to say something like "the inmates are running the asylum" in Sun's case that may very well be true: <http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/santaclara/agn.htm> :-)

</comment><comment><USER14> He missed the seventh 'Java' in the title bar...

</comment><comment><USER15> Why should users ever install a VM? Why couldn't Java be distributed as a meta-environment where the right version just downloads and installs itself, and a particular application only sees the most recent available version of the runtime environment that it can run against?

<comment><USER16> meta-environment? That's basically what a VM is in the first place. As for the automatic download-install, linux package managers will already do that for you. Of course, not for web apps, but who wants a web app telling their computer to download and install a program???

<comment><USER15> So why not add another level of meta? Why should the user even have to go to the package manager? If the user has stumbled across an app for which she/he doesn't have the right VM+runtime, why do they have to do any more than wait for the download to happen?

OS X has a mechanism such that a program only sees the versions of system libraries that it needs. There's no reason why Java couldn't have one as well.

We programmers may not like a web app telling the computer to download and install a program. The average user would rather have the system do it for them -- just so long as they don't have to worry about anything they don't understand.

<comment><USER16> That's exactly what the package manager does. If you install a program that needs the JVM, it will automatically download and install it. Can you elaborate on what you mean by "another level of meta"?

<comment><USER15> You're talking about ordinary desktop applications. For that, a package manager like dpkg and apt-get will work just fine. I thought that the article was talking about applets, which aren't meant to be permanently installed on the local machine. However, they have a dependency on a Java runtime which is installed there. If the designers of Java were a little more forward thinking, they wouldn't have created this dependency. The desktop JRE would be managed by whatever mechanism on the machine, but the applet JRE would be managed separately. The entire thing could be managed by a program implemented in just about any programming language. Let's say it's the 1st version of the JRE. Combine this with a mechanism that effectively sandboxes an applet with whichever version of the JRE it needs or is most compatible with, and at worst, a user will be notified that they need to wait for a download.

In this regard, the designers of Java were thinking like programmers and not thinking of naive end users. Flash does a better job in this regard.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER17> I wince everytime I see something like this pop up. The JVM is an awesome piece of technology, and the Java language is a good replacement for C++ in a lot of cases. There's also a neat little ecosystem of alternative JVM languages sprouting up.

Unfortunately, it's hampered by Sun's TERRIBLE marketing and crappy design on things like the installer. I'm glad they finally open-sourced Java, as it gives us the option to fork the platform instead of constantly worrying that Sun's going to screw it up.

</comment><comment><USER18> Welcome to <http://zombo.com>. This is zombo-com. You can do anything at zombo-com--anything at all. The only limit is your self.

</comment><comment><USER19> being succinct is un-java

</comment><comment><USER20> <sarcasm> Why do we have previews in movie theaters before the movie starts? The screen could just be black until the main feature begins. Or, the screen could just read "There are other movies coming out" that would pretty much say the same thing. </sarcasm>

<comment><USER16> nah, its more a preview that goes as such: "Check out this movie! Critics love this movie! Come see this movie! It has action, romance, comedy! If you watch this movie, you will know how much you like it!"

</comment></comment><comment><USER21> No idea why you would install java using some UI like that in the first place.

<comment><USER22> Because it's the standard installer on Windows and the one that millions of people who just want to use some Java-based funcationality on some website are directed to?

<comment><USER21> Java applets? eek ok,</comment></comment></comment>


Ask HN: Do any DE Corps have 'Registered Agents'?  - <AUTHOR>

This feels like a total shakedown. A private co emailed us about being our Registered Agent since we don't have a DE address. <comment><USER2> IANAL, but I believe according to DE law if you have a DE corporation, your registered agent must be in DE. For more on the law you can see:

<http://delcode.delaware.gov/title8/c001/sc03/index.shtml>

With that said, the state does provide a list of registered agents within DE. Although the list is not regulated by the state.

<http://corp.delaware.gov/agents/agts.shtml>

<comment><AUTHOR> Thanks, which one do you use?</comment></comment>


The Fallacy of Citizen Journalism - <AUTHOR> http://rhjr.tumblr.com/page/9

<comment><USER2> I would agree with this post, for the most part, if not for the fact that many mass-media "professional" journalists fail to meet the criteria outlined here.

<comment><USER3> Your criticism is certainly correct. I see more articles that seem to be light edits of someone else's PR releases.

He's also guilty of a strawman argument. In picking CNN's iReports (whatever that is), and then dismissing it, he ignores the vast, vast majority of "citizen journalism". But that's not even a proper example of the phenomenon: it's still speaking through CNN's mouthpiece.

And that reveals one of the critical elements of citizen journalism, and one the OP ignores: that it's not subject to the editorial biases of established media. Nobody will say "that's irrelevant", or "we can't print that criticism of our advertiser".</comment></comment>


"You can't help but feel embarrassed for Oracle" on copyright claims - <AUTHOR> http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20120413141851964

<comment><USER2> I think Oracle has gone round the bend, but does the anti-Oracle view of APIs mean basically that all GPL software is LGPL?

When you call a function, why should that function's copyright status have any bearing on the copyright status of your function? Because they're in the same file? What is a file?

<comment><USER3> A library's header file is included verbatim into your file by the compiler, as is the library file by the linker. When you copy-and-paste something into your own work, copyright covers the copying.

One technicality is that until you compile the program, no copying is taking place, so the GPL can't apply to source code. The only argument against that I see is that you're _intending_ for the copy to take place, which is as good as the copy actually taking place. But I have no idea. (OTOH, not many people try to avoid the GPL when sharing their source code anyway.)

If you have a billion-dollar idea that depends on the GPL working, you should probably hire a very good lawyer to advise you.

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> I really hope this generates an opinion on the applicability of copyright to APIs, I doubt it will though as it would seem to threaten many folks rent- seeking. It would seem however that the legal theory that undid IBM and allowed Memorex to make 'plug compatible' storage would inform the court on how it should consider 'plug compatible' software.</comment>


A Few Lessons I Learned After Having Failed - <AUTHOR> http://tylerreed.com/startups/a-few-lessons-i-learned-after-having-failed.html

<comment><USER2> What happened with the code you generated, have you open-sourced it?

</comment><comment><USER3> Why didn't you hire a CEO for your $3 million business?

<comment><USER4> It's actually in South-African Rand, meaning ~380,000 USD.</comment></comment>


Augmented Reality is the killer app for the iPhone 3GS - <AUTHOR> http://blog.bumblebeelabs.com/the-killer-app-for-iphone-3gs <comment><USER2> <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8EA8xlicmT8>

That's a video of what Augmented Reality can do on the G1... definitely cool app.

<comment><USER3> Yeah map sized apps are about the only things that will be remotely convincing given the accuracy of the sensors.

</comment></comment><comment><USER4> I think he is missing the third feature : opening of the platform to third- party hardware.

Thus we will soon have 3d goggles, sensors for anything, chip implants, body hacking, brain-computer interface and the kitchen sink on the iPhone =)

</comment><comment><USER5> I was saying this to my friend the other day: Someone's going to implement the art project from Spook Country in a few months on an iPhone 3GS.

</comment><comment><USER6> if this were anywhere but the iphone ecosystem where ifart is/was all the rage, seb lee-delisle (papervision 3d team, <http://www.sebleedelisle.com/>) would be absolutely right: "augmented reality has no practical use. but it IS fun."

<comment><USER7> The form factor is wrong. The iPhone form factor is a good communications device that can offer a web/search/computing interface in a pinch. It's not comfortable to use in a lot of situations, and its interface soaks up all of your concentration.

What's needed is an interface that can convey information but which is not a soak for all of your attention. A 5x8" form factor which is _extremely_ lightweight and daylight readable could be held like a cue-card. Add accelerometer, compass, camera, good contextual voice recognition, and GUI which is easily operated by one thumb, and you have it.

Heads-up displays on your contacts, or direct neural inputs would be dandy. I think we'll get the above before that, though.

</comment></comment><comment><USER8> I'd like to see an iPhone hooked up to a model plane/helicopter. Now that it's got a compass in addition to the GPS and acceleromter, it's a potential autopilot with video capability. Poor man's UAV/cruise missile perhaps?

<comment><USER9> Or use something like:

[http://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_i...](http://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?products_id=8454)

</comment></comment><comment><USER10> This starts to remind me of the 6th Sense project demoed at TED - [http://www.ted.com/talks/pattie_maes_demos_the_sixth_sense.h...](http://www.ted.com/talks/pattie_maes_demos_the_sixth_sense.html). We have so much information available that would be a lot more useful if it is intuitively and seamlessly available WHEN its most useful.

</comment><comment><USER11> The autofocus camera will complicate calibration. Maybe the API provides an accurate reading of the current focal length.

<comment><USER12> Almost all cellphone cameras are basically pinhole ones. There is only one set focal length.

<comment><USER13> Most, like the iPhone 3G. However, not the iPhone 3GS: [http://images.apple.com/iphone/iphone-3g-s/images/photos- gal...](http://images.apple.com/iphone/iphone-3g-s/images/photos- gallery2-20090608.jpg)

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER14> It'll be popular stuff, but we're still a good head-mounted display/camera away from really blowing the doors off.

<comment><USER15> <http://www.myvu.com/>

<comment><USER16> I like this one better, <http://www.digilens.com/>, looks a little better and designed as HUD.

<comment><USER17> It looks really nice, but where can one purchase those? And for how much?

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER18> How long before Apple offers iEye active contact lenses?

</comment><comment><USER19> -Lets file that one away under D for 'Duh'-

Anyone who's read a Charles Stross novel in the past 2 years could see this one coming from a km away.

<comment><USER20> And not everyone has, so this is still an interesting discussion to be having. I find the fact that hardware is catching up to imagination (finally) to be noteworthy and worth talking about.

<comment><USER19> All true things, I guess I object to the 'you heard it here first' attitude

<comment><USER20> That's fair enough. I guess every good idea has been had once before. Personally I'm just looking forward to having everybody's bio floating over their head when I look at them through my iphone camera. Wait. No. No, I'm not. Scary times we live in.</comment></comment></comment></comment>


Imgix – Racking Mac Pros - <AUTHOR> http://photos.imgix.com/racking-mac-pros <comment><USER2> I think this has been posted here before -- I always sorta thought if they had people with image processing skills instead of people with racking servers skills, they would approach this problem in a completely different way.

Racking and maintaining hundreds of mac pros over a fleet of commodity Linux servers (which they probably have already anyway) doesn't seems sustainable.

<comment><USER3> In fairness, imgix has a lot more people with imaging processing (and infrastructure engineering) experience than we have datacenter operations people who rack things.

We took up the challenge to rack unconventional server equipment not for its own sake, but because it enabled us to provide the service in what we felt was the most optimal way (given other constraints).</comment></comment>


Why Nokia's Collapse Should Scare Apple - <AUTHOR> http://blogs.hbr.org/cs/2011/04/why_nokias_collapse_should_sca.html?cm_sp=most_widget-_-default-_-Why%20Nokias%20Collapse%20Should%20Scare%20Apple

<comment><USER2> The article has a good point, but really it's just another example of the "Innovator's Dilemma" (<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disruptive_technology>).

Simply put, the leader in a given market is the least likely to benefit from disruptive technologies so they rarely innovate or take advantage of them.

</comment><comment><USER3> Apple shouldn't be scared. Nolia has been behind the curve for the last decade.</comment>


Ask HN: Will you pay $1 for personalized news only for you? - <AUTHOR> Just a market research. Do you think it is viable? <comment><USER2> Maybe.

Dollar per month? Session?

A lot depends on the criteria and how expressive it is.

Can I get news written from the labor point of view to contrast the business centric dominant form today?

I put that one here for the challenge.

For most things, I use RSS and or basics like a google alert. And that works pretty well.

</comment><comment><USER3> Yes-ish. I don't want personalized news, but I'd like to subscribe to certain topics. As the _(current)_ #1 comment says though, my main concern is accurate and unbiased.

As an aside, short form news might be handy too. Briefs. But I'd really have to trust that the news is unbiased, and it would have to be backed up by unbiased more in-depth content.

</comment><comment><USER4> No. But I will pay $500 a month for news that is accurate, complete, and unbiased by the politics of the journalist.

</comment><comment><USER5> No, because I have no reason to believe that anyone is capable of reliably finding news and articles I want to see most. If even Google and the other big sites can't manage it, I doubt any smaller organization can.

</comment><comment><USER6> Not sure anyone can give you a good answer with this level of detail buddy. $1 for an app? $1 a day? What kind of news? In what way will it be personalised?

I'd say if you mean a news aggregator, it sounds unlikely.

<comment><AUTHOR> A kind of service where you choose your areas of interests; we curate, summarize news article based on your interests, and send you a page link to read those summaries with links to original articles.

<comment><USER6> There's a few such services that exist right now - doesn't mean you can't be better than them but worth noting! Only one that springs to mind is [https://feedly.com](https://feedly.com)

I'm not sure HN is going to be a super effective research tool for you with this. Have you thought about making a few basic mockups and putting them in front of people?

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> isn't that what most companies are trying to do with their feeds? that sounds awful, no I don't want to live in a personalized bubble.

<comment><AUTHOR> It is to get rid of mindless browsing and news.

<comment><USER7> the title has "news" in it, so I assumed something like world news or recent events? but from your comments it seems something closer to a curation of links similar to what I would find using stumbleupon which sounds a little bit better.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER8> Its based on how personalized it is. If you can give me some good content to read, I will surely.

</comment><comment><USER9> It's been done a hundred times.

</comment><comment><USER10> yes</comment>


Ask HN: Love Coding, Hate Marketing - <AUTHOR> I suspect I'm like most users on HN in this regard, but there's nothing I enjoy more than coming up with a good idea and sitting at my computer for a good hard week(s) of coding it up and turning it into a good/great web application (in my opinion at least).  I like the coding, I like the design aspect of the page, I like testing it, I like seeing it all come together nicely in the end and turning it into a nice product.
However, when it comes time to market and sell the web application, I hate it.  I hate finding people to e-mail about it, I hate trying to convince leading industry people to look at it.  I hate cold calling people trying to sell them on the site.  I hate trying to figure out Google AdSense to get my ads into a winning strategy.
The bad part is, I like making money too.  So, I can't do that at all without loving both aspects.  What should I do?  Try to find someone who will handle all the selling/marketing?  I'm sure there's lots of people that love that part of a business.  Pack it in and call it quits because I don't have "it"?  Any recommendations? <comment><USER2> I'm the same way. The App Store helped me (although it hurts in the long run) because I am selling despite not doing one bit of marketing (aside from a few tweets here and there to my 100 or so followers).

</comment><comment><USER3> How about I help you with whatever needs to be done to sell? I'm a jack of all trades can understand design/coding/UX and also like the aspects of marketing.

contact me at firstname.lastname@example.com

<comment><USER4> Same here. I might be interested in helping someone sell his product.

Contact information in my profile.

</comment></comment><comment><USER5> I'd recommended finding a code-savvy cofounder who is interested in marketing/has marketed before, and bringing them on as a minority partner. Not all marketers are tech morons -- the ones that aren't know a good product when they see it, get excited, and want to tell the world about it.

It's one of those innate desires. When you see a great application, you may want to get deep down into the inner workings and understand/improve it (I'm assuming). The marketer you're looking for should be interested in how it works and how to improve it, of course, but he should also clearly see your current product and future iterations on everyone's desk innately. That way the two of you can chase your respective visions: you with the better product, the partner with getting the product out into the world.

</comment><comment><USER6> What if what you really hate is getting other opinions on how good it is? You say "in my opinion at least," and you hate trying to convince people, and finding a winning strategy. What if instead of trying to force yourself in, you figure out why these people aren't responding and how you can make them come to you? Maybe your idea only sounds good to you. Marketing, selling, etc. is not just trying to get something through to someone else, it's learning what they actually think is good and cool, or what is bad and needs to change. Your mentality and approach could be wrong. Not sure if this is the case, just a possible scenario.

</comment><comment><USER7> I would suggest looking at a few of the "Match.com" for startups sites:

<http://www.startupwithme.com/> <http://www.techcofounder.com/>

The good news is that since you're technical, you're one of the women on "Match.com". Everyone will come to you.

</comment><comment><USER8> Even Marketeers don't like marketing. Its a tedious pain in the ass. You shouldn't absolve you self of all marketing responsiblities. Read some marketing books and blogs. At present no one will know your product better than you.

</comment><comment><USER9> Try to find someone who will handle all the "selling/marketing?" YES!!</comment>


Show HN: Cdnex – Prepend CDN urls to your HTML and CSS - <AUTHOR> https://github.com/jsonmaur/cdnex <comment><USER2> It's not immediately clear what this _does_ do your HTML/CSS files. It's sort of hinted at in the logo image, but the (many) examples would be much more helpful if some sample input and output text were provided.

I'm not convinced the use case of sticking CDNs in front of URLs is broad or complex enough to justify bringing in another tool (e.g. I'm pretty sure Rails does this out of the box). That said, I could see this growing into a general- purpose URL transformer.

<comment><AUTHOR> I agree, it could be a little more explained. Thanks for the input!

I'm not sure if rails does this out of the box, but the thinking is to integrate it into a deployment system for sites built without frameworks like Rails (static marketing sites, for example). A general purpose URL transformer would be interesting. Do you have any use cases outside of prepending you can see it being useful for?

<comment><USER2> Off the top of my head, not many. One might be densely cross-linked documentation markup stored on GitHub but officially published elsewhere. If you have reason to use absolute paths and want your docs navigable everywhere, you need to do something to about the `/$USER/repo/blob/master` vs. `/doc/wiki` (or whatever).

Or, to ease writing said docs, you might wish to resolve "fake" urls like `wiki:Batman`, which should point at [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batman) ...which I guess still amounts to prepending, doesn't it?

<comment><AUTHOR> Great ideas, thanks :)</comment></comment></comment></comment>


How Do We Learn? - <AUTHOR> http://blog.ncase.me/how-do-we-learn-a-zine/ <comment><USER2> I took a Coursera course titled Learning How to Learn[0] and found it really helpful as an intro class to this "field". It was also very practical.

[0] [https://www.coursera.org/learn/learning-how-to- learn](https://www.coursera.org/learn/learning-how-to-learn)

<comment><USER3> I've also taken this course, but would recommend those new to it just read the post here, which is a good summary: [https://www.reddit.com/r/GetMotivated/comments/5950tm/text_i...](https://www.reddit.com/r/GetMotivated/comments/5950tm/text_i_just_finished_the_online_coursera_course/).

<comment><USER4> Agree. Having done the course, I think a text summary does a good job of getting to the big ideas (I don't really like learning via video fwiw)

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> If you want to know the answer to this question, you have to look at the amygdala.

This dual set of brain regions are gatekeepers to long-term memory.

They/it only lets in things it thinks you might need later.

And it grades this need based on emotion.

So, if you want to recall something later, you need a purpose, and if the purpose ties into something emotional, all the better.

(I know some people are going to fight me on the assertion that emotion regulates memory, but do a little research before telling me I'm wrong.)

<comment><USER6> So how does one hack emotions to remember better?

<comment><USER7> Have a look at NLP(neuro linguistic programming) techniques regarding memory.

An example, before you start starting studying a topic, tell yourself, consciously, why you are going to learn this specific thing, and how you want to use it. After studying, tell yourself how are you going to use the things you have just learned, imagine yourself applying them in different scenarios. Even these two simple exercises helps brain to make those connections GP told about.

I don't want to get in to the topic of whether NLP has a scientific base, just want to emphasize that most of these techniques are brought together from examining how experts relevant to the area do things that made them successful.

I don't have enough time right now for a longer answer or sources, will try to expand later.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER8> I don't mean to be rude and I am truly interested in this topic, but I must ask, is there a version of this that is readily legible? Fuzzy (out of focus) light grey text on a white background absolutely results in a headache for me when trying to read this.

<comment><USER9> I didn't have the visual issues so it was enjoyable for me to read.

My spaced repetition system requires that I copy ideas I want to recall. I'm sharing my summary of the main ideas in case they help you.

\---

# Learning by Building Connection

New ideas have to connect with what's already there — they cannot be stored, as if in a filing cabinet.

Throwing facts at people doesn't work. You have to: * connect ideas to other ideas and everyday things

* understand an idea in multiple ways (e.g. words, visuals, etc.)

* once you make connections, you have to maintain them

* you don't need to unlearn connections to make room for new ones

# Maintaining what you learned

Recalling is better for retention than re-reading. Spacing effect shows that we forget things quickly the first time we see it, but if you exert effort to recall things spaced over increasing intervals of time, you retain a lot more than if you were cramming.

# Learning through deep connections

You have to process ideas on a deep level to make them stick. A great way to learn something at a deeper level is to explain it to someone.

<comment><USER8> Thank you for your reply and assistance danial.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER10> This seems more like "How Do We Memorize?", as is taught and performed (poorly) in American schools.

In contrast we learn by _doing_ , by manipulating things or concepts.

<comment><USER11> That seems like a very engineering-skewed perspective on knowledge. I'm not sure how that advice could apply to a philosophy or sociology student. If doing means writing research papers, then that is going to be a hugely inefficient way to learn all the things they need to learn. They won't have the resources to write a paper on everything they read. Some of it needs to just go down the subconscious, rapidly and in large quantity, for quick reference later on.

<comment><USER12> > I'm not sure how that advice could apply to a philosophy or sociology > student.

Do reading assignment, discuss/argue about it in class with a TA or professor to mediate and clarify stuff, maybe write a paper afterwards.

Engaging with the content is kind of a universal way to learn by doing.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER13> It seems he took the main ideas from this book[0] and made a little comic about it.

[0] [https://barbaraoakley.com/books/a-mind-for- numbers/](https://barbaraoakley.com/books/a-mind-for-numbers/)

<comment><USER14> She

</comment></comment><comment><USER15> This mirrors my own experiences very well. I always look for analogies to understand new ideas (or to explain them).

Also, if I'm driving to a relatively new destination that I've been to before and think I'll go to more times, I try to remember the way without looking at the GPS, because I've found that if I look at the GPS every time, I don't end up remembering the route as well.

</comment><comment><USER16> There's an interesting subculture around the concept of "Quality" which was popularized by Zen & The Art of Motorcycle Maintenance.

If Quality is something intrinsic to the observer/universe pair, learning is maximized along the path of most resonance.

Learning-to-learn tricks can often desensitize you to your "true passion" (this is assuming it exists) because there isn't a coherent narrative that allows your experience and skills to compound in a unique way.

Instead you have a collection of brute-force gained skills to solve problems for other people and by becoming good at this become numb to what "you" uniquely can see as a problem and create unique solutions to.

Analogies may be the exception because they grow, relying on roots and branches. An analogy that doesn't feel ham-fisted is naturally connected to your existing pattern of "you".

</comment><comment><USER17> Sal Khan is a fan of Carol Dweck's Growth Midset.[0]

[0] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WtKJrB5rOKs](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WtKJrB5rOKs)

</comment><comment><USER18> Any suggestions for further reading? In particular a book geared towards people who aren't domain experts would be great

<comment><USER19> I've been reading the book Becoming Fluent, and it seems like a great introduction to the field. It's about how cognitive psychology can help adults learn a new language.

However, from another angle, it's basically about using the idea of language learning to teach basic cognitive psychology.

(My phd was in human memory, and I can't stop thinking about ways this book could be used as part of a cool learning course).

<comment><USER20> It should be noted, however, that learning a language is very different from many other kinds of learning (understanding complex systems, learning history, etc.) in that it engages very different patterns in declarative and procedural memory and possibly involves some specialised networks. I know some very frustrated scholars of second language acquisition that lament the over- applying of the general science of human learning to specifics. (Just making a general point here; the book you are reading sounds like it's specifically about language indeed.)

<comment><USER19> I am probably in what they would consider the over-applying camp ;). When it comes down to it, I think there's a tendency in many different fields to cast within-field learning problems as distinct from others, but in general, researchers in those fields often don't have a ton of experience on learning in other domains.

RE networks, I agree that there is likely evidence for distinct patterns of activation in various neuroimaging studies, but having worked in memory + neuroimaging, I think there's a serious risk that people will take something like "statistically significant difference in brain activity" and use it as a substitute for "substantial differences in learning behavior / retention". (this is a well known problem in imaging).

I'm not too familiar to L2 acquisition research, though, but those are my impressions from thumbing through some of the field. Would def love to hear some study recommendations :).

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER21> After reading about and learning all about how our biology works and everything about the brain, cognitive neuroscience, psychology, etc has anyone put these ideas into practice? It would be impressive if an outsider became an expert in a field which they knew nothing about.

</comment><comment><USER22> how did they do the artistic fonts etc? Do they hand-write first, or is there some special fonts available?

<comment><USER3> It's handwritten. Sketchnotes is a good resource for trying this and developing your own style:

[http://rohdesign.com/sketchnotes/](http://rohdesign.com/sketchnotes/)

[https://www.jetpens.com/blog/sketchnotes-a-guide-to- visual-n...](https://www.jetpens.com/blog/sketchnotes-a-guide-to-visual-note- taking/pt/892)

[https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2014/11/how-to-get- started-...](https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2014/11/how-to-get-started-with- sketchnotes/)

<comment><USER22> very helpful links, will practice with it, thanks!

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER23> I never got Zines. Beyond their cutesy art style, they generally don't seem particularly effective at conveying information in a somewhat concise manner. And if you don't want to be concise, why use such a very visual medium then and not just write an article?

<comment><USER24> Sir and/or Madam,

I feel the need to inform you that you are, more than likely, quite ill- informed. Zines are a spectacular human achievement, worthy of your attention and respect. Or, were it otherwise, how do you explain this godamn amazing piece of work:

[https://www.alchemistowl.org/pocorgtfo/](https://www.alchemistowl.org/pocorgtfo/)

<comment><USER25> This looks hilarious and interesting. Reminds me of Diagram [http://thediagram.com/](http://thediagram.com/) but PoC||GTFO seems a lot more programming specific?

<comment><USER24> Yes indeed, PoC||GTFO is very programming specific, down to the point where the PDF is an executable that can be used to serve .. the PDF. ;). (This particular zine is famous for such badonkadonk!)

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER26> This is why it's important to keep multiple projects going simultaneously.

Each project needs time for the brain to digest in order to make the right decisions.

You save time by going slow, but async. parallel.</comment>


Ask HN: Can you recommend a blog writer or service? - <AUTHOR>

I have a lot of content that I would like to post, but my writing skills leave much to be desired. I've been looking to outsource the blog writing or re-writing of my content, but the search results on Google look more like spam than helpful orgs for this type of service. I am not even sure how much to pay for something like this.
Have you used a service to write (or proof read) blog posts?
How did you locate them: craigslist, elance, mechanical turk, some blog writer site, or something else?
What is the going rate for a small 100-150 word blog post?
I've seen prices advertised "per page". What the heck is the length of a "page" on a blog anyways?
Thanks in advance! <comment><USER2> <http://forums.digitalpoint.com/forumdisplay.php?s=148>

<http://forums.digitalpoint.com/forumdisplay.php?f=102>

<comment><AUTHOR> Thanks, I'll take a look through the forums. Have you used anyone from this forum? The prices seem to be completely random from $0.15 to $10 per post or more.

<comment><USER2> No, I haven't, though it's certainly a case of you get what you pay for, from people that don't speak English really well in developing countries, to people in the USA with degrees with English.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER3> well, if you're interested, i might be able to help. i can write reasonably well but don't have anything to write about.

drop me an email (in my profile) and perhaps we can work something out.

<comment><AUTHOR> But you don't use capital letters. Is this Jerry Yang? ;)

<comment><USER3> would you hold it against me if it were? :p</comment></comment></comment>


Ask HN: How to pay Interviewees for take-home projects? - <AUTHOR> Our startup would like to pay Interviewees in Visa or Amazon gift cards as a gesture for their time on test projects.
Is this possible to do in a way that does not invite lawsuits?
Do the parties (us/them) need to report this on taxes (that's why we thought gift cards instead of cash transfers)?
Is it acceptable to ask the Interviewees to sign an NDA prior to the test project?
Thanks for your advice in advance! <comment><USER2> Not a lawyer, but isn't this essentially a "corporate gift"? To be treated in the same class as "swag" given out at a conference. It may even be deductible by you up to X dollars ;)

If the project in question is related to your IP, you'll possibly need the full kit: Work-for-Hire contract, W-9 form filed, non-disclosure, etc.

Best of luck and keep us posted what you find out as I'm sure many others will be interested!

</comment><comment><USER3> ex-recruiter here: we used to word very carefully that they were "gifts", and they were nearly alway gift cards (not VISA) as "a way of saying thank you for your time".

Also, I feel like I could start a business based purely on giving out this one piece of advice: Don't make them sign an NDA. It's just a poor experience for everyone involved, and as the person being interviewed, it can leave a really bad taste in their mouth and put a real distrust in what you're doing. If you really must expose them to IP-sensitive information, think about why you're doing it. It's really easy to think of a technical test that's anonymized enough to avoid this.

</comment><comment><USER4> In don't want to blow you off, but you really should ask a lawyer familiar with the labor laws in your state.

You don't want to get this wrong.

</comment><comment><USER5> > Is it acceptable to ask the Interviewees to sign an NDA prior to the test > project?

As an interviewee, this would raise a big red flag.

</comment><comment><USER6> The relatively short answer of what you want:

To answer your question you really need to consult an attorney or tax advisor. But as a general statement, in the U.S. if you pay someone less than $600 (IIRC) in a year as an outside consultant you are not required to report it, it is on them to report it. If you hired that person you'd be required to report it from my understanding. This is a different way than the gift, although I could see a gift working as well but it would have to be very narrowly worded I would think.

The NDA is just a no. One exception is if the person is being hired as a temporary contractor for say a month or so then an NDA is totally fine, but you also should have a complete contract in place at this point.

The real answer I think you should listen to based on my 20+ years in tech and leading/building teams:

Overall, I'd challenge you to buck this reborn trend, avoiding this altogether and learn how to properly screen candidates quickly, efficiently without using take home projects or long whiteboard coding sessions. Hiring this way is a misnomer, we did these same BS methods back in the dot com days when we were learning how to hire people and found that we wound up getting a make up of people who tested well but honestly couldn't do real projects _with_ the team. I know it seems like you are (or can) testing all the right things but you really aren't (and can't this way). Really smart people get this wrong all the time because they think they are testing for good attributes when they really aren't.

Look at the entire industry that has popped up around helping people study for interviews and doing take home projects -- same thing happened in the late 90's early 2000's. People literally study to do your take home projects (have friends help them), and study to pass your whiteboard session to the point that it doesn't test anybody properly. Instead it gets you people with the best memory and ability to regurgitate what you want to hear, which is easy of course because you've interviewed others so it will become known. Besides that, people have lives outside of work, if you are one of 10 employers a candidate has interviews with and everyone is wanting the candidate to do a 4-5 hour "test" that is 40-50 hours of "extra" work besides their 40-50 hr/week job, plus time for regular interviews and family etc. Yes everyone will sacrifice some for moving their position, but it is getting out of hand.

You also have to remember, your testing is immediately biased by the fact you put the test/project together and you already have a set of expectations. Yea yea, people say they don't but they do. And if your team put it together as a project it is actually even worse because now the bias is across the team. So what happens is then you want people to do things the way you feel is correct, to match your expectations, not necessarily what a truly experienced person might do. So in the end you will find a bunch of people like you, instead of finding a diverse team who can solve problems uniquely and collaborate better because they think differently. I have watched this happen over and over and over at startups and it is painful but slightly entertaining around the stupidity of what I feel are some really smart people usually.

I have mentored a large number of companies, from startups to large firms, on how to recruit technology teams over the years, and I have seen the trends and watched what it produces and yes there are a few good companies that execute this type of testing properly, but the majority do not and instead just create a team of like minded individuals who wind up boxing them into a corner over a short time unless someone steps in and helps change the dynamics.

IF you continue down this path, make this "test" one of the last steps towards hiring the person. Companies that put it as the first or early step are basically saying "fuck you" jump this high before we'll even consider talking to you as a human being. It is highly disrespectful to experienced professionals and sends a signal of amateur hour at your company, so you won't get the very people you need. If you put it as one of the last steps after you've talked to this person for a couple of hours and know they are a good fit and have the right background, then at least the test is viewed as you trying to be thorough, not disrespectful. You will think it will reduce your costs to put it up front and "weed people out", but it will drastically increase your costs and hurt your hiring efforts. Lots of people can study or cheat their way past your test, but few can hide their personality through a couple of hours of talking. Using tests makes you reliant on them for screening and then teams allow bad personality quirks to get onto the team much easier. Make the "team fit" the most important factor, and you'll save your team and company a ton of grief, time and money.

Please don't think I am saying you shouldn't thoroughly screen candidates technically, I believe you should. I always ask a huge number of questions, work through examples, have them describe designs, design on the fly, etc. All things that are critical to knowing if the person is full of shit or not, but what I don't do is ask them to write a loop to reverse a string, or write a rest api connector, because while this seems like you are testing real world skills you aren't, you just setup a biased test that you have an expectation of the outcome. So you have in your mind what acceptable solutions you'll take and what that means is you have already applied a filter to people and are finding like minded people instead of looking for new ideas.</comment>


How does Perkville work? - <AUTHOR> http://www.perkville.com Are those reward points redeemable at any of the registered businesses or only at your own?
What is the revenue model here?<p>Looks interesting. <comment><AUTHOR> What is the revenue model? Are the points redeemable at any registered business, or merely at your own?</comment>


How Arweave's Permaweb cheaply hosts sites and apps forever - <AUTHOR> https://techcrunch.com/2019/11/05/how-arweave-permaweb-works/ <comment><USER2> Even with a "new type of blockchain" (whatever that means), "permanent" isn't something I'd trust a startup with. Even "lifetime" deals from profitable established companies tend to run into horrible problems a few decades later [1], when unexpected trends appear. Average company lifespan is now in a low number of decades [2], and startups tend to be at the lower end of that curve just by the nature of being more experimental.

1 - [https://thehustle.co/aairpass-american- airlines-250k-lifetim...](https://thehustle.co/aairpass-american- airlines-250k-lifetime-ticket/)

2 - [https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/24/technology-killing-off- corpo...](https://www.cnbc.com/2017/08/24/technology-killing-off-corporations- average-lifespan-of-company-under-20-years.html)

<comment><USER3> This is less about trusting the company and more about trusting the viability of the blockchain should the company go away.

If the blockchain continues to exist and it is economically viable, then the content will remain.

What I don't understand is how users are economically incentivized to store old content when no one is paying for it any more. I haven't read the yellow paper yet, but I assume that new users end up paying for the costs of hosting the legacy content.

<comment><USER4> Hey dweller!

That isn't the mechanism. What happens instead is akin to an endowment for payment of storage. An outline is found here:

[https://www.arweave.org/faqs.html#what-is-a-storage- endowmen...](https://www.arweave.org/faqs.html#what-is-a-storage-endowment)

And the paper has the full details:

[https://www.arweave.org/files/arweave- yellowpaper.pdf](https://www.arweave.org/files/arweave-yellowpaper.pdf)

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> It doesn't store content "forever". The node operators vote on which files to keep, and if the majority of node owners vote to delete your file, then your file gets deleted.

Basically, it is not permanent in the sense that the bitcoin ledger is permanent. It is permanent as long as nobody cares to send a takedown request.

It's hard for me to think of a case where this is preferable to AWS.

<comment><USER6> A takedown request can't easily trigger the majority to delete something, similar to how a hard fork request can't easily trigger the removal of something from the Bitcoin ledger. A globally illicit content can be naturally chosen to be rejected by the majority, but there should be no single coordination point by design.

Somewhat less importantly, if the file is from a block deep enough in the chain (so that a reorg is not possible) and the majority decides to delete it, it only gets deleted by the majority - the minority still keeps it because it remains incentivized by the protocol.

</comment></comment><comment><USER7> "uber for storage"

</comment><comment><USER8> Paying for declining cost of future storage by interest on the principal is smart. I'm surprised no one did this before. It's a clever idea.

<comment><USER9> There's [https://posthaven.com/](https://posthaven.com/)</comment></comment>


Driverless buses hit the streets of Sion - <AUTHOR> http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/hop-on-board_driverless-buses-hit-the-streets-of-sion/41846698 <comment><USER2> I love this approach. It would be great to have 100s of these on more or less predefined trajectories, but without a set schedule. Just press a button and one shows up a few minutes later, perhaps with already some passengers going similar routes. It could help anchor urban development, something a pure self driving car would not too, and the absence of a set schedule removes the biggest drawback of public transportation. They can also just use existing roads, no need to construct a separate track. I hope these things would help introduce affordable public transportation in many US cities, and actually be useful and practical.

<comment><USER3> > the absence of a set schedule removes the biggest drawback of public > transportation

I'd argue that having no schedule is even worse.

With a set schedule, I can just go to the stop, wait a minute, and a bus will come – most lines are running every 5 or 10 minutes anyway (or 15 to 20min in the suburbs).

With this, the situation would get a lot worse, I'd have higher waiting times, less of a guarantee that one would come (what if there's not enough demand?), etc.

<comment><USER4> With an uber like indicator of wait time, it seems like it would be tolerable. If a bus is guaranteed to show up in 20 minutes, i can make use of those 20 minutes.

Fundamentally though, it's a density/diffusion problem. Having enough rides available in the right spots is tough. Especially when, say 10% of riders go way off in the sticks, with no need for pickups out there. You want a nice random distribution of rider routes, but really, people go east in the morning, and west in the evening (for example), so a lot of capacity is unused just getting back to where demand is.

tricky tricky problem. schedules and defined routes are part of the solution, for sure.

<comment><USER3> Indeed. A uber-like waiting indicator is actually already existing in about all cities – either per app or website (like [http://kvg- kiel.de/fahrplan/echtzeit/#?stop=52](http://kvg- kiel.de/fahrplan/echtzeit/#?stop=52) ) or as an actual display at the bus stop (like [http://www.kvg-kiel.de/yaml/gfx/submenu/fahrplan.jpg](http://www.kvg- kiel.de/yaml/gfx/submenu/fahrplan.jpg) ).

And many cities already have on-demand busses (mine calls them ALiTa or "Anruflinientaxi", pretty much meaning "taxi that operate as bus line on demand via calling a phone number".

But an especially important part, as you mentioned, is knowing for sure when the next bus will come – even without looking at the display – so you can plan for that, and use that time.

<comment><USER5> In Moscow all buses are equipped with GPS/GLONASS trackers and there is an app, Yandex.Transport, that shows you where all the buses are. It is hard to keep a precise schedule in traffic, but with the app you always know how far away the next bus is.

<comment><USER3> That's what they do here as well, but the app just calculates how far the busses are off schedule based on the GLONASS and GPS data.

If you look at the raw data for each stop, you see this: [http://www.kvg- kiel.de/internetservice/services/passageInfo/...](http://www.kvg- kiel.de/internetservice/services/passageInfo/stopPassages/stop?stop=52&mode=departure)

          "plannedTime": "11:00",

vs.

          "actualTime": "11:02",

This is a pretty awesome solution that ensures the numbers actually are useful, and that everyone can easily understand them (without having to look at a map and find where the route is).

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER6> The tech is neat and I'm sure this is just the beginning of these kinds of driverless vehicles. Dubai even has driverless cars on the road.

What's really scary is that all signs point to the end of the blue collar workforce being near. Drones to do construction, to operate the trains, planes and automobiles, so that us and our cargo get where they need to go. What's the plan for replacing work after this new era arrives?

Futurists popularized that we would have robot servants for generations and it's becoming true. They didn't popularize the notion that 1% of the population would own all the robots.

<comment> loup-vaillant > _What 's the plan for replacing work after this new era arrives?_

Who cares? Anybody sees a problem with automating away so many jobs that unemployment rises to 50% and beyond? Unemployment is _not_ a problem. It's how we deal with it that is. You just can't expect everyone to work when machines do all the work.

So… how about we all work _less_? What about a 4 days work-week, or even 3? How about automating so much work that voluntary community service becomes enough?

We need to think about it soon, because the current model is not pretty: just let the jobless starve, and lock them up (or out) when they start to demand jobs or (gasp!) money. And if things get ugly, send the army bots. "Shoot on sight" is pretty easy to automate, if you don't care to discriminate.

> _hey didn 't popularize the notion that 1% of the population would own all > the robots._

The heart of the problem, really. To this, I see only one solution: abolishing lucrative property, communist scare crow be dammed.

<comment><USER7> > Who cares? Anybody sees a problem with automating away so many jobs that > unemployment rises to 50% and beyond? Unemployment is not a problem. It's > how we deal with it that is. You just can't expect everyone to work when > machines do all the work.

It's amazing how some humans seem to have a complete lack of understanding of human nature.

Imagine a world in which 50% of people worked, and the other half lived on basic welfare income. How do you think the 50% that worked would feel about the other half? Do you think perhaps they might feel used? Do you think they might feel like slave labor? Do you think they might feel like the other half was taking advantage of them? Do you think they might be resentful of their earnings being taken away and given to people who don't work?

How are things going right now when people have this idea that there's a 99:1 division in society? How do you think people would get along with a 50:50 hard division? Can you imagine a better setup for societal unrest and class warfare? Can you imagine a society in which half the population thinks they're entitled to have the other half work to support them?

It'd be like a modern-day version of slavery, setting society up for a civil war. Communism used "the workers!" as one of its foundational elements--now imagine a world in which "the workers" are legally half of the population, and they decide they're tired of being taken advantage of, and they decide to assert themselves and their rights, go on strike, refuse to work, even revolt. And imagine the other half of the population, which thinks they're entitled to be supported by the other half, decides to assert themselves and demand what they think they're entitled to (if they're still capable of doing anything besides sitting in their VR headsets).

This is not wild imagination, this is history and human nature applied to your ideas, their logical conclusion.

> I see only one solution: abolishing lucrative property

Want to have a nice house with a yard to raise your family in? Nope. Panelák for you.

Want to work hard, save up, and buy a little cabin on the lake for your retirement? Nope. Too lucrative.

> communist scare crow be dammed.

Approximately one hundred million people (100,000,000 people) have been killed by Communist regimes.

But we're better humans now, right? We'll get it right this time. Just need to put the right people in charge and everything will be fine. Communism doesn't always turn corrupt, I mean, just look at the present-day Communist regimes of China, Cuba, and North Korea. Those governments aren't corrupt or evil, and their citizens are free, healthy, and happy. Nothing to be afraid of. Damn the scarecrows, full speed ahead!

<comment><USER8> _Imagine a world in which 50% of people worked, and the other half lived on basic welfare income. How do you think the 50% that worked would feel about the other half?_

The point is that people would choose whether to work or not. Everyone would have that choice - live on a basic, low income, or top it up by working. If you've chosen to work then it's unlikely you'll resent those who choose not to.

Furthermore, even if that wasn't the case, think about the number of people who hate their jobs and resent going to work now. Getting that down to 50% of people hating their job would be an improvement.

<comment><USER7> You're not thinking logically or rationally. Money does not grow on trees. Economies only work when people do. Taxes come from people working and spending (except property tax, which comes from simply existing). Without enough people working, there would not be sufficient taxes to support the people who are not working.

For example, look at Social Security: as the population ages, fewer people are working while more people are receiving. Of course, the Fed can literally create money with the press of a key on a keyboard, but eventually that bubble bursts and takes the economy with it.

And all of this is subordinate to human nature, because that rules over everything we do. And basic human nature shows that people fare better and are happier and healthier when they are able to provide for themselves. People are also lazy and will mostly take the path of least resistance. Put those two issues together with a world in which people don't have to work, and you have a recipe for disaster.

If your desire for a UBI is driven by compassion, then it is misguided, because it would not be good for people who are healthy and able to support themselves. For people who are disabled, that's a different story, but that wouldn't be a _U_ BI.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER9> This is 6 months old... Anyone know what the track record of the bus has been in that time?

<comment><USER10> I can't find any more recent news, or mentions on the Sion public transport site, so my guess is they are still in testing and their planned rollout in "spring 2016" has been delayed.

</comment></comment><comment><USER11> Singapore is another country testing driverless buses/pods and trucks: [http://www.reuters.com/article/singapore-transport- driverles...](http://www.reuters.com/article/singapore-transport-driverless- idUSL3N1280S920151012)

</comment><comment><USER12> This strikes me as an interesting approach that could maybe be generalized by a company like Uber.

We know some of the biggest problems with self-driving cars are:

      - Needing extremely precise, up to date maps
      - Inclement weather / conditions

Which suggests to me that if you chose a particular city, mapped it out extensively, and then only allowed these cars on the road during good weather conditions...you could deploy these things much, much more rapidly

And of course since consumers wouldn't buy a car that they can't use much of the time or take outside the city limits, the natural use-case of this is as an on-demand taxi service, like Uber or Lyft.

</comment><comment><USER13> Never thought that I would learn something about my small school town on HN !

It's true that you can go almost everywhere on foot in a reasonable amount of time but some interesting places (for example pond where you can do BBC and drink) are remote and walking one hour just to get there sucks. Ordering a bus to get you and your friends there would be perfect

</comment><comment><USER14> We have one of those in Greece too.

[http://www.ekathimerini.com/201509/article/ekathimerini/comm...](http://www.ekathimerini.com/201509/article/ekathimerini/community/driverless- bus-on-the-way-in-trikala)

</comment><comment><USER15> People like Charlie Miller must be delighted.

</comment><comment><USER16> There have been a few systems like this at airports, but this may be the first one on public streets.

<comment><USER17> On a separated, fixed guideway it's not too difficult to have an autonomous systems. Airports, metros, and even "personal people movers" like in Morgantown all work without a driver on board. As you said, moving to the chaos that is a street is a different story.

<comment><USER16> There are getting to be many little systems of slow autonomous short buses.[1] These will probably be all over campuses big enough to have shuttle buses soon.

This may be the first way autonomous driving is deployed. Little buses go to destinations nearby, or take you to a station for larger and faster transit. Most trips would be very short, 1 km or so. The big advantage of driverless is that many little buses don't cost more per seat than a few big ones. A city bus costs $300K to $500K for a 50-seat bus. If somebody can build an 8 passenger autonomous bus for $75K, that's a win all by itself.

[1] [http://gizmodo.com/the-uss-first-autonomous-buses-will- drive...](http://gizmodo.com/the-uss-first-autonomous-buses-will-drive-around- a-cali-1734989938)

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER18> Unionized drivers, suffer!</comment>