Could VC be a Casualty of the Recession? - <AUTHOR> http://www.paulgraham.com/divergence.html <comment><USER2> The startup I work for just hit profitability and we're basically giving up on funding. The offers that we were getting weren't good enough. We'll grow slower, but we won't get dilution unless it's really worth it.

What I'm curious about is that I thought the purpose of VC was not just to stay in business, but to grow _fast_. I'm pretty sure PG said in a previous essay or comment that if you skip out on VC and someone else takes it you can get overtaken or not be able to catch up to the market leader.

<comment><USER3> It's true that it can be dangerous not to take VC if your competition takes it. But it's not so dangerous if the reason you don't take it is that VCs are saying no to everyone, because that implies your competitors are also less likely to get it.

<comment><USER2> Yes, but the question the essay is setting out to answer is: what happens when the VCs recover?

I think one of the last points I need to buy into the essay is that it isn't just the starting up costs which have gone down. The commoditization of computing in the cloud means that as long as you're profitable on a per-user basis the cost of scaling is also way down (although the amortized cost might be up).

The other danger is not being able to hire enough of the right people, but the number of people necessary does seem to be going down as the tools get better. The startup I'm working for has just decided to stop looking for funding and do our hiring more slowly over the next year, so I suppose we're a part of that trend.

<comment><USER4> _Yes, but the question the essay is setting out to answer is: what happens when the VCs recover?_

I've been thinking about this a lot recently. I think that the answer is, that VC's aren't going to be able to fund web based software startups as much. We just don't need the money.

Who does need the money? Green Tech, Biotech, hardware/embeded, enterprise software. Those companies can use the capital and might actually be willing to jump through the hoops necessary to IPO. VC's only really get paid off when companies IPO or get acquired for huge sums of money.

I think that this is going to be a water shed in Silicon Valley culture. One of the reasons that there are so many software engineers in the Valley, is because there have been a lot of VC funded startups and jobs since the first bubble in the 90's.

VC money is going to start chasing different kinds of companies, which means more green tech, biotech and hardware/embeded, enterprise software jobs. That means more electrical, genetic and chemical engineers and less software engineers in the area.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> _"we got a record number, up 40% from the same cycle a year before."_

I agreed with much of this article, but not that line. A lot more people have heard of YCombinator since a year ago, so all else equal, you'd _expect_ applications to rise over that period. So comparing the number of apps with the corresponding value from a year ago isn't a fair comparison.

Indeed, looking at <http://siteanalytics.compete.com/ycombinator.com/?metric=uv> we see that the number of unique visitors to ycombinator.com is up 3x from a year ago. But applications are only up 40%. To be fair, we probably can't expect applications to grow 3x since many of those visitors are international, or otherwise unlikely to apply to YC. But to make the statement pg wants to make, I think we need a better metric than raw growth in applications.

<comment><USER3> Perhaps I should have added that 40% was more than applications usually go up year to year.

I'm pretty sure, based on conversations with founders, that this spike in applications wasn't due to people learning of our existence for the first time. Most people we interviewed seemed to have known about us for a while.

I don't think application numbers are much correlated with News.YC traffic either. I think most people who come here are just looking for what people found at Reddit 3 years ago.

<comment><USER6> Wasn't it also the first cycle where "Startup Ideas We'd Like to Fund" came into play? That seems like a giant roadmap for anyone who may have heard about YC and never seriously considered it before.

I guess the test is: Were the pitches clustering more around those ideas?

<comment><USER6> I realized that might be a difficult question to answer.

One more test I can think of: If, as expected, the recession is still bottoming at the Spring deadline then the numbers (gross or percent change) should be comparable if that craziness is driving folks, in swarms it seems, to the founder path. However, if it was "Startup Ideas...", then, as a singular event, the growth should be closer to a normal rate if not an overall decline in gross from the Winter.

Care to make a guess which way it will go?

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> I would like to believe Paul's thesis, but in the back of my mind, why do I get the feeling "He is trying to scare investors into putting money"?!

Seriously, I think over-supply of start-ups will crash prices. Yes, there is no limit to wealth creation, but even so, it is easy to upper-bound wealth creation over, say, the next 5 years. We can say with confidence there won't be more than, say, $10 billion worth of web start-up acquisitions over the next 5 years (in total, not per year) - that was about the total in the last 5 I would estimate and I think I am being fairly optimistic here. Even that $10 billion would be parceled out in the 80-20 rule - a couple of YouTube home runs, a few singles and doubles, and the remaining mass of start-ups have to fight over a fairly small pot of gold.

My objection is consistent with economic theory: over-supply leads to serious price crashes, even when you make the favorable assumption (which is not exactly true in the start-up case) that in the long run, the over-supply can be absorbed.

<comment><USER3> If I were motivated only by self-interest, I should want later stage investors to drop out. That would leave seed stage investors like YC as the only game in town.

And incidentally, I don't see why it's easy to upper bound wealth creation over any time period. If everyone woke up tomorrow and started working twice as hard, what would limit their output?

<comment><USER8> Why would you want later stage investors to drop out? You have early, cheap equity; don't later stage investors reset the valuation and give you a shot at cashing out if you want? (I really don't know, I'm actually asking).

<comment><USER3> The valuation goes up between us and a series A round, but in a successful startup it should go up much more afterward.

<comment><USER8> How many companies that get a series A round end up being successful? It seems like having that opportunity to decide if you agree that the company will keep growing or that you've made enough and would rather reinvest in the next round of startups would be nice to have.

<comment><USER3> It wouldn't be nice to the startups to do that, because it would send an alarming signal to the series A investors that would drive down the valuation and maybe even prevent the round from closing.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER9> This is an interesting perspective, but it seems to be (potentially) true of one class of startup, but there are many others, requiring much large amounts of money to start, that will still rely on VC funding.

Software startups, specifically web startups, have been a favorite of VCs (for good reasons). If those startups no longer seek VC funding, will it trigger a renaissance in funding for other startup classes (e.g. semiconductors or hardware)?

<comment><USER10> Biotech, greentech and embedded systems are a few areas that look poised to keep growing and need a more significant amount of capitalization to get off of the ground.

<comment><USER11> but greentech will require more funding per instance than any VC firm will be able or willing to put up. show me the VC firm that is going to put over $1 billion into any single investment...when it comes to nuclear or hydrogen, a billion might only bootstrap the company. these industries are going to need massive amounts of funding. only one entity can do it - uncle sam, DARPA and the DOE

<comment><USER12> If you believe Al Gore, for $90MM you can build a giant New Mexico wind/solar farm that would supply enough electricity to power the entire US. (It's been a while since I saw the presentation so some details might be wrong but I am at least in the ballpark, especially regarding the price tag). Seems like 10 VC firms could easily get that sort of money together.

<comment><USER13> 90 Million? The entire US? That's way off. I haven't seen the numbers, but that's like saying a car engine can get 1500% efficiency, or that a ten-year- old neighbor can bench-press 2000 pounds. It's just not in the cards.

<comment><USER14> "If you believe Al Gore" being the key phrase :-P

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER15> I agree with Paul's point, but it seems like the flip side of the equation is that most startups these days don't have the kind of big exits that internet giants like Amazon, Ebay, Yahoo and Google had (or even the mass market penetration that MySpace and Facebook have gotten for that matter). If a these new startups truly had the potential to capture huge markets, they _would_ need the funding, because 3 guys in an apartment simply can't go after a $5bil opportunity. I think the phenomenon Paul describes is the result of 2 trends, not just one: 1) it's cheaper to start companies and 2) most startups are going after small markets (or whatever is left from big markets that bigger companies have already captured).

</comment><comment><USER16> Wealth is created when people take existing resources and transform them into something of higher value. Money is simply one very liquid type of input that a creative entrepreneur can use to create wealth.

If the marginal value of more investor capital to web entrepreneurs falls below the cost of acquiring and managing investors, then predictably web entrepreneurs will stop seeking capital. A more interesting insight, though, is that long before things get to that point, smart investors should be seeking to deploy their capital to ventures that can actually use the money to produce a better return. If capital is no longer the limiting reagent in web startups, then the money should go to places where money is the limiting reagent, and consequently has a higher value.

It's worth noting that Kleiner Perkins, as one data point, got out of the web startup business some time ago and has been investing in energy and biotech.

<comment><USER17> _It's worth noting that Kleiner Perkins, as one data point, got out of the web startup business some time ago_

That may be their PR, but they're very much still investing in web startups. Here's a list of their investments: [http://www.crunchbase.com/financial- organization/kleiner-per...](http://www.crunchbase.com/financial- organization/kleiner-perkins-caufield-byers)

</comment></comment><comment><USER18> Completely, totally agree. I was just discussing this today with my business partner; I think that many people won't even know what to do with extra money if it is given to them. That's never happened before - there's always been the "well, we could use more servers" or "well, we could always hire more engineers" argument. Today, I think a lot of people are beginning to realize that 1) if you engineer your applications properly, and on the right platforms, you can scale your server demands along with your userbase/revenues; 2) more engineering/other assorted human capital won't necessary translate into better, more usable product.

I personally believe this is the beginning of a massive shift, and one that isn't even tied to the economy - but, of course, will be dramatically accelerated as a result of it. On the point of what happens to the startup community, however - I think it will be a lot harder to start a me-too company and get any traction; as a result, even with the lower cost of business, there will be fewer people able to enjoy the benefits. It's sort of like the rest of the economy - if you are the absolute best at what you do, it's a great time to be in business; for everyone else, the situation is precarious. Running on $3000 a month is great, but not if that means you're losing $3000 a month with no foreseeable way of recouping your investment.

Perhaps that's where the VCs will step in - sweep those flailing enterprises under their wings, pump greater capital/human resources into them, and try to brute-force them into successful enterprises. In effect, they would become the startup version of their private-equity peers; not a bad place to be, but again - the best will survive, the rest will die.

<comment><USER19> Interesting. I wonder if, 10 years from now, VC will simply be high tech private equity?

<comment><USER20> I don't think this is likely, because turning a kind-of-flawed tech business into a good tech business usually (though not always) requires a lot of technical work. I could imagine a collaboration between VCs and hackers, though, or just a group of savvy hackers, taking on this kind of role. Basically a larger-scale version of going around to my friends and saying "I think doing X would make your company better and I'll do it for 10%."

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER21> Paul - Assume that

1) your thesis is correct, and,

2) that a good startup hub is created primarily though the availability of investors (as observed in the essay "The Hacker's Guide to Investors"),

Don't these two things imply that Silicon Valley's prominence as a startup hub will wane?

<comment><USER3> No. First of all, SV doesn't depend only on investors. All the support for startups is here, from lawyers to graphic design to (probably most important) other founders.

Second, not taking VC doesn't mean not taking investment. If startups downshift, the next lower gear is angels.

<comment><USER22> What if angels are few and far between, and those that are there lack any experience about angel investing?

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER23> "The reason startups no longer depend so much on VCs is one that everyone in the startup business knows by now: it has gotten much cheaper to start a startup. "

Maybe I'm biased because I was in YC and it was mostly first-timers, but most of us don't even remember a time when it was a lot pricier.

</comment><comment><USER23> You've been unusually prolific lately.

<comment><USER24> Maybe we're just seeing a buffer being flushed. He may have worked on all this stuff earlier.

<comment><USER3> Partly. "High-Res" and "Artists Ship" were both things I started during the summer and didn't have time to work on again till after interviews. This last one I wrote a month ago and then had to sit on because it was supposed to appear in a print report.

I actually forgot about "Artists Ship." Then a few days ago I was talking to Paul Buchheit and he mentioned how great it was to be able to release code instantly at Friendfeed, compared to the delays he had at GMail. As we talked about the question I had this weird sense of deja vu, so I went home and looked around my hard drive, and sure enough there was this nearly finished essay. The write date was Aug 11, so I must have started it just before Demo Day and then forgotten it during the ensuing bustle.

<comment><USER25> Can you tell what kind of company commissioned or requested this essay? I'd speculate it was one of the top VC firms...

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER26> _The current generation of founders want to raise money from VCs, and Sequoia specifically, because Larry and Sergey took money from VCs, and Sequoia specifically._

Excluding YC and the likes, I would have thought, by now, a lot of startups would want to raise money from angels that have formerly started startups -- there are tons of them around. That would be the #1 choice.

#2 choice would be the Founders Fund, Union Square Ventures, First Round Capital, Atomico, Ambient Sound Investments and the like.

Failing these, the #3 would be the Sequoia's, KPCB, Khosla Ventures, Benchmark, Accel's, Menlo's of the world.

What do folks on HN think?

<comment><USER27> Agree 100%. Although we were talking to some of the VCs in your 2nd bucket, we ended up going with #1. Our seed round is entirely angel funded, with one institutional player (#3 type) making an exceptional angel investment.

</comment></comment><comment><USER28> I think pg's right in regards to web startups. The only role I see for VC is in scaling sales and marketing. If you get your business to a point where you can spend $10 million on sales and marketing and turn it into $30 million, then taking VC makes a lot of sense. It gives you a lot of extra leverage.

I do hope VC thrives in other sectors - clean energy, hardware, automobiles, biotech - etc. If Kleiners-Perkins can make money off its CleanTech investments, the world will be a vastly better place.

<comment><USER29> That's a fundamentally different kind of investor.

</comment></comment><comment><USER30> This post reminds me of a post I made a while ago called Don't Raise Venture Capital. [http://www.startable.com/2008/09/26/dont-raise-venture- capit...](http://www.startable.com/2008/09/26/dont-raise-venture-capital/) This may seem a bit odd, as I am a VC. My point was not 100% aligned with Paul's, as he's suggesting something a bit more extreme, but there is a similar point - these days you can build a good business without significant funding. And you are potentially better off not raising any venture capital. Although I hope the venture business hasn't become totally obsolete, as I really enjoy spending time with entrepreneurs!!

</comment><comment><USER31> PG is spoiling us with great articles this month. Sort of like early Christmas presents.

<comment><USER32> If he really wants to play Santa, he can follow up with a bunch of improvements in a new Arc release. :)

<comment><USER33> The real Silicon Santa is Ron Conway.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER34> Russian Translation:

[http://www.web30.ru/2008/12/07/mogut-li-venchurnye- kapitalis...](http://www.web30.ru/2008/12/07/mogut-li-venchurnye-kapitalisty- stat-zhertvami-krizisa/)

</comment><comment><USER35> Very interesting ... I think this is true for a class of startups, but not all. The question for this approach will be how to achieve scale (of if they even want/need to) to achieve their goals.

While profitability can be achieved on $15k, is it sustainable and can it achieve scale on that money? Cloud computing may help, but may not solve it all. Facebook, Google, etc. all needed VC $ to fuel scale.

Implications exist for founders and early investors if future capital is needed for scale or an exit. If the goal is to either sustain the profitable model and owner control at lower revenue, then this model works. Also, if the goal is to sell to a larger company to achieve an exit and return, then it also works. All depends on the market opportunity and founder goals, but don't think it kills the need/importance of VC.

If the goal is to capture a significant market and be the leader, and software markets tend to be winner take most markets, then achieving scale fast is necessary and VC$ necessary even in a cloud model. Under the new landscape articulated by PG here, the underlying platform could be built & proven with angel money or no money, and thus preserve more upside and better terms for the founders that choose to seek scale in large markets.

</comment><comment><USER36> There is a big difference in capital required for an online internet, service or software company and most other types of start-up businesses. VC will absolutely play a major role because money is needed for equipment, teams of people and global operations. The effort required to raise $1M is way more than 1/10 of raising $10M - so raising small amounts of capital is probably very inefficient in general.

</comment><comment><USER37> Great post Paul. One thing to highlight is that traditional VCs, historically, don't make "venture level" returns in efficient markets.

Your examples highlight the cash efficiencies of early stage software/web based businesses from which VCs have been making a fairly vocal move away from for years. Similarly scaled efficiencies aren't yet being recognized in clean tech, new materials, networking hardware, semiconductors, pharmaceuticals and many many categories.

As for web and software, I think the lesson many firms are beginning to apply from this last wave is that there's an inflection point a company hits where its been sufficiently derisked and is poised to scale at which time the VC is more than happy to dip into their large funds and "pay up" in terms of valuations. Its what they did with Google and Facebook (among others). I think it will create a more bifurcated web/software venture environment than we have today but I don't see that as the death knell for the broader venture industry. Certainly a great opportunity for seed funds like yours and ours...bryce@oatv

</comment><comment><USER38> This is a good question.

I think that VC in its current form will be a casualty of the recession. In its current form, the VC grabs a chunk of cash as a management fee, and another chunk of cash to put "adult supervision" of seasoned executives on the management team. Also, VCs are not able to manage the kinds of small investments that startups need because VC partners have limited time. Because their of their high overheads in the form of management fees, "adult supervision" the small investments simply will no longer pay them what they need to profit. Therefore, from that perspective, I think that VCs are going to be forced out of the web startup sector.

In addition, they will also get booted out of sectors that use successful web startups to bootstrap other kinds of businesses. Let's face it...just as you can use a consulting business to bootstrap a company, you can also use a successful web startup to do the same.

I think that a new trend that will emerge is that large enterprises will start buying up web startups to take over the product for use in their internal operations. Think of it...suppose you are a large enterprise who wants to build some fancy web based software to improve some business process. You have a choice between funding an internal group that may take 12 months using "Cadillac" components and cost $600k , or you could just troll the 'net and look for a startup that does something similar and buy them up for $300k, which gives them rights to working software and the talents of the developers (using appropriate golden handcuffs). It also gives YC a the proverbial 10x return on its proverbial $15k investment and each of the proverbial 3 founders a $50k equity bonus. This will diminish the influence of VCs because web startups that have taken in even a million in VC funding will not be able to sell out for less than $10 million...a price too high for enterprises to spend on business process improvement.

</comment><comment><USER39> What wizard is going to run your cheap adword campaign (or maybe adword is dead too?) How are people going to find your site? What's your sale process and have you understood your audience? How are you going to answer those service calls and emails? Are you going to run the next Google on the cloud? There are costs associated with all of that, and, even if they are compressed by technology too, the investments required to keep differentiating yourself are increasing.

What's worse perhaps is that, with all its focus on IT, Paul seems to forget that not all start-ups are web start-ups. How about biotech, cleantech, robotics? Is marketing and distribution free for those ones as well?

There is, as always, some truth in what Paul is writing - the man is smart - but in my view, VCs are certainly here to stay and scale those start-ups that can make it into serious money machines. What do you think?

Full comment at <http://www.torevenue.com/?p=3>

</comment><comment><USER40> Would be possible to build a google/facebook/linked-in all the way to profit without significant cash up front?

Any business relying on network effects is going to need upfront cash. Since these types of business tend to become the fund-making "homeruns", I think VCs will stick around, doing what they are best at - chasing the big hit.

<comment><USER5> TicketStumbler, like any other marketplace, definitely relies on network effects. And, Google arguably doesn't rely heavily on network effects. Google's value to me (in the short run) is unaffected by how many other people use it.

<comment><USER33> Sort of. We rely on how many providers we have, but even that has its limits once you have all the big ones (which we do). TicketStumbler is just as useful for one person as it is for 1,000.

You'd be right if you applied your statement to Stubhub or Ebay. We're more of an aggregator than a market place.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER41> You paint a very bright picture for stratups and a dark one for VCs. While as an entrepreneur myself, I wish that was the case, in reality though, the two are tightly coupled.

Even though startup funding-needs are smaller these days, very few entrepreneurs can find a team who would work for free all the way to profitability. In fact, VCs today are able to get more equity for less money.

But the fundamental problem is that the average time for exit is getting longer, mainly due to the poor stock market condition, where IPO have almost disappeared and corporates are willing to put smaller amounts for M&A.

Once the market will bounce back and stratup will have a more promising outlook, I'm sure you'll see VCs happy to invest and startups happy to take the money.

Mor Sela Co-Founder and CEO <http://www.ProCompare.com>

</comment><comment><USER42> I'm not very knowledgeable about this, but from the charts I remember seeing during the Sequoia "buckle-up" PowerPoint, isn't it an undisputed fact that there has been an unsustainable boom in VC? Investment in VC has been independent of it's marginal profitability declining due to traditional deals becoming fewer and the recession in general.

The shift in what is funded is no surprise by now. The only questions are 1)if the new bio/green tech startups will be successful, and what the role for VC will be in other sectors and 2)What will happen to the current crop of VC firms now? As flattering as it is that funding in VC has remained constant, is it still a wise investment?

I don't know what the answer to these questions are, but they're the ones that stick in my mind. On a positive note, at least one stressful part of the Internet startup process is in decline.

</comment><comment><USER43> For a long time VCs have prided themselves on "adding value" beyond the capital invested. I wonder if part of the phenomenon you describe is a realization, at last, that there is no value-add. Which is not necessarily a comment on VCs, but also on the increased sophistication of entrepreneurs.

</comment><comment><USER44> Couldn't agree more. As a serial co-founder myself, I can't wait to be able to fully start businesses with no VC involvment.

One thing is bogus in the article though: it's age-biased. $3000/m to cover living expenses for the founders? Yes, if you are talking about kids straight out of college living in a dorm. What about slightly less desirable older people, like say 30-year old (now, that's old :-). So a startup with 3 founders would need closer to $15,000/month of revenue. Well, it's not so easy to generate that kind of revenue.

The better advice is to find co-founders who can work part-time (evenings and weekends). That can sustain itself for a long time, even if it feels like it takes forever to get anything done.

fairsoftware.net - where software developers share revenue from the apps they create

<comment><USER22> "So a startup with 3 founders would need closer to $15,000/month of revenue."

This depends on where you live. I'm just starting a project with one partner -- we are both entering forties and have two kids each -- and even with another employee we plan to live comfortably while burning under $10k.

</comment></comment><comment><USER45> Although web software companies can easily grow with small investments, hardware companies are a different story. Saas can make it easily with no help but if we are looking for an apple, a super android phone, a new sidekick or another AMD VCs better keep writing big checks.

</comment><comment><USER46> The problem with the VC model is that they look for a large liquidity event in the short term, and so push companies aggressively to reach this goal. With the number of IPOs so low these days, these liquidity events are much more infrequent than they used to be, yet the VC model remains the same. It angers me that nobody is doing anything to innovate in this space, as funding is hands down the most limiting factor for a new venture's growth. I found this slideshare presentation which includes some of the freshest thinking I've seen on the subject. Any thoughts? <http://cli.gs/g3BA9v>

</comment><comment><USER47> I never understood this one:

"Someone running a startup is always calculating in the back of their mind how much "runway" they have—how long they have till the money in the bank runs out and they either have to be profitable, raise more money, or go out of business."

Why go out of business? Okay, you're out of money and you're not profitable yet. Let people go and return back to square one. Two founders in the garage, but now you have a codebase, a beta version probably, a website and some connections in the industry. Yeah, tough times, but when I see people going out of business in such situation I always think that they were there for a VC-backed salary and some fun.

</comment><comment><USER48> What about angel funding? Cnet News is carrying a story that sounds very scary (the news media thrives on scariness) about "Agnels flee tech start-ups":

[http://news.cnet.com/Angels-flee-from-tech-start- ups/2100-10...](http://news.cnet.com/Angels-flee-from-tech-start- ups/2100-1014_3-6248877.html?tag=mncol)

In the mean time, Mr. Megalomania Ray Kurzweil (who has yet to comment on how well his "house casino" hedge fund has been doing lately) said he's starting The Singularity University:

<http://news.cnet.com/8301-11386_3-10155303-76.html?tag=mncol>

</comment><comment><USER49> In my opinion, there are some problems with this premise. Even though a company is profitable, it may have negitve cash flow, and need to raise money. Then there is the oppertunity cost, say you make a better mousetrap, but I raise all the money. I can buy you, and still make more. There have always been ways to start a company without investment, I started a company with $10,000 and sold it two years later for $1MM, and that was in 1986 without any internet! I dont think the writter of this article has thought this through, too many holes. David Schulhof

</comment><comment><USER50> Very interesting ... I am going thru this exactly. We had a couple vc's that are in due diligence, but in this economy, I don't think it's best for us to take the money. Our overhead (as you mention in your article) is essentially just the founder's living expenses which we have been able to cover for nearly 4 years now.

My choice is either raise vc, or sell something. Selling something is non- dilutive. VC's need to get a clue. If I take $1 or $5M, I'm going to give away 1/2 the company, so might as well as for $5M. But what the hell do I need that much money for!

Bootstrapping's back in style.

</comment><comment><USER51> 1) Time is money. All the time a start-up invest in pleasing and answering VC's, it is time that they could have spending on developing or marketing their product or solution.

2) Maybe VC's will now have to approach start-ups and ask if they can help to grow the company.

3) Currently there are many small companies running out of money. Larger companies will buy them up at prices below the investments VC's have made. In many cases VC's never going to get their $33mio back on companies that hardly have a revenue of $10mio in a limited market.

(We're self funded: Engago Technologies Ltd.)

</comment><comment><USER52> I'm honestly surprised that it's taken you this long to go out and say this. I've loved reading your articles and essays about startups, and I've soaked up all of it, but one of your big topics is dealing with investors. I've talked with a lot of entrepreneurs, and bootstrapping seems to slow things down slightly, but with the technology available as cheaply as it is, living expenses are the biggest thing, and if people can figure out how to live on the margin, they could launch a startup on next to no money at all.

</comment><comment><USER53> This is something that I've thought about for the last several years. I think that this article should mention that what is meant by VC is really "VC for web companies". What I suspect will happen is that there will be fewer and fewer web companies (with good ideas and the need for large capital) that need funding, and it will make more sense for VC's to invest in startups that are in more capital-intensive sectors like energy and biotechnology.

</comment><comment><USER54> Paul,

Great post, extremely poignant!

In a few years time, VCs may be pitching to Entrepreneurs (Dragon's Den Syle! [1]) :-)

Links:

1\. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HDczbpIO85g> \- note these guys like most missed the Linked Data URI pitch with their DNA miscue

Kingsley Idehen <http://www.openlinksw.com/blog/~kidehen>

</comment><comment><USER55> There's another explanation for the 40% rise in applications received by YCombinator. Much of YCombinator's seed-stage competition is moving up-market. All the VCs we've talked to on the east coast now target post-revenue companies, not seed-stage start-ups. If there are fewer VCs looking at early investments, you'd expect YCombinator's applications to go up.

</comment><comment><USER56> Largely true, not controversial, I'd say. The VCs I talked to are not in denial; but still value cash they're getting from their management fees. That phase will be over soon. Question for Paul: what alternative investment vehicles will arise in the years to come? How about some smaller-scale buyout businesses?

</comment><comment><USER57> A lot of people want to start companies now, VC or no VC. But IT and development jobs remain relatively abundant; someone who can make a credible run at a startup can also land a new job in less than a month. That may not remain the case, and job security could constrict the flow of talent into crapshoot startups.

</comment><comment><USER58> From the title, for a moment I thought the article was about some new result in machine learning that would make Vapnik-Chervonenkis theory obsolete...

<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapnik-Chervonenkis_theory>

</comment><comment><USER59> What a great post Paul, thanks for this. we are workin hard with a new funding business model & service for web start-ups, see www.growvc.com

"What do you get when you break the traditional vc funding model and then restructure it with some social media & web 2.0 glue?"

</comment><comment><USER60> "Imagine what it would do to the VC business if the next hot company didn't take VC at all."

No need to imagine. Just look North -- this is reality.

Neither RIM (makers of the blackberry) nor Cognos (now IBM) took VC funding.

VC has imploded in Canada and startups are surviving as they have always.

<comment><USER61> RIM started in 1984 and Cognos in 1969 [!], so I'm not sure what conclusion you can draw from their early histories.

Also, RIM "was financed by Canadian institutional and venture capital investors in 1995" (<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_in_Motion>).

</comment></comment><comment><USER62> See Valley Guru Michael Malone's "Washington is Killing Silicon Valley" in the Wall Street Journal for more on this. Be sure to consider all these new outside forces. Some factors are better than ever, but others are worse than ever.

</comment><comment><USER63> The conclusions really applies to VC for IT, not so much Biotech or clean energy.

</comment><comment><USER64> Its more than the recession. Its the next revolution. We have microtized/DIY everything. VC's are just one of those that is both a casualty and a cause.

Wrote about his over two years ago but re-posted recently at www.flairjax.com

</comment><comment><USER51> We always wondered what brings a VC besides money and pressure? VC's require time too (5% of your time).

If a VC can bring leads, customers or users, then he brings additional value. If not the added value of a VC is just money.

</comment><comment><USER65> In Arizona, if we depended on Vc, we'd be dead. We have a very vibrant startup community that works by collaboration,mentoring, and whatever it can scrape together. Do we start Google? no. Do we innovate? yes.

</comment><comment><USER66> pg won't be getting a job at 37signals.

<comment><USER67> <http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=219085>

</comment></comment><comment><USER68> It sounds overly optimistic.

Why a total amount of money spent online should increase? More and more players are competing for the same or diminishing pie slice.

Google can buy only so many startups after all.

<comment><USER19> Is money spent online really one category? Why should money spent at malls increase?

</comment></comment><comment><USER69> summary: bootstrapping is easy when you only weigh a few pounds.

</comment><comment><USER70> In Russian [http://spring.jumpidea.com/2008/12/paul-graham- divergence.ht...](http://spring.jumpidea.com/2008/12/paul-graham- divergence.html)

</comment><comment><USER71> Excellent assessment, and a definite possibility - though hardly foregone at this point.

I especially enjoyed the comparison between startups and dogs.

</comment><comment><USER72> Sounds like the time to go get VC funding for an angel investor company.

</comment><comment><USER73> "Could VC be a Casualty of the Recession"

No, the War in Iraq is.

</comment><comment><USER74> spell check time

"In a lot of startups—probaby most startups funded by Y Combinator"

you mean "probably" i assume. no big deal

</comment><comment><USER75> Best PG essay this year.

</comment><comment><USER76> Good riddance.

</comment><comment><USER77> I notice the same attitude developing among myself becoming a recent founder

</comment><comment><USER78> This is so obvious. I think it has been for a few years now. I would push it one step further: if you need to borrow money, you are not efficient enough.

</comment><comment><USER11> two points:

1\. investors are entering a period of risk aversion that is just starting, and will likely last a decade or longer.

2\. the next market, energy tech, will require funding on levels very few if any VCs can deliver (billions per investment). this is why the govt is likely going to be more pivotal in funding energy work through the DOE etc

</comment><comment><USER79> Great link. Paul is right on. I was wondering when someone was going to figure this out.</comment>


Ask HN: Is Google+ nailing it for Google? - <AUTHOR>

I personally think that Google+ is actually succeeding, if it's perceived as a platform (in progress) and not as a pure social product.
Eg. I login everywhere using Google auth, use GMail, circles (but not for G+), Youtube, Comments (= disquss, but login with G), Android (backups my pictures, organize my contacts, ...), Google Drive, ...
What do you think? <comment><USER2> In short, I agree. Youtube coments, arguably, have become more saner though they have long way to go. My documents and pictures all are on Google drive linked to google plus accounts. Sharing them is a breeze, which works amazingly well for office-work. Hangout is our staple for cross-team communication.

<comment><AUTHOR> From a business perspective, i also use it a lot, eg. Google Drive as my CMS for clients (there's a builtin editor for html) and the client doesn't have to pay much. I use the sharing principle for letting them decide who can edit what.

I have tried Google Hangouts, but don't use it in my business. Do you use it with clients to demonstrate some things? It would be my only use case for it now.

<comment><USER2> Yeah, For demo of products.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER3> I agree. For most of the apps out there, I use Google+ to login, even if there are other services available.

Why : * Using Android, Google+ seems safer, faster, and easier to remember ( that I logged in using Google ) * I don't have to worry about Permissions that much ( Facebook - post to news feed, send notifications ) * I can use Multiple Google accounts for logging in ( and switch anytime ) * Again, it's Google.</comment>