Friends of WikiLeaks (Facebook for Revolutionaries) - <AUTHOR> http://wlfriends.org

<comment><USER2> Is this a joke? Oh, lets go sign up for something where we put all of our information on a centralized website where governments can easily find it? Its not like those governments aren't going to actively try to either infiltrate or monitor us through this website. This seems like a horrible idea.

<comment><USER3> It's built as an affinity group builder. You're the one doing the networking, not the website. It only shares your information in a small group, not en masse. It's very smart really, building webs of trust.

<comment><USER4> There's still the risk of the government getting their hands on the actual servers and getting the data from there. They managed to do it to Mega Upload, and they were based in HK/NZ. (Though obviously the cases are very different.) While it may sound tin-foil-hattish to say this, the US government has demonstrated through Assange's legal persecution that they see WikiLeaks as an enemy, and I can easily see them trying to infiltrate the servers or even seize them outright on some cooked-up charge. Not to mention all the other governments out there who would love to have a list of names of revolutionaries.

<comment><USER5> If you've got nothing to hide, you've got nothing to fear. Supporting Wikileaks is not illegal. Freedom of speech still exists. The rule of law is still supreme. Stop being paranoid. Otherwise your paranoia will become reality.

<comment><USER6> I'm not one for tinfoil hats either, but I don't think it's so simple. There are a number of individuals who are detained on suspicion alone.

The example that jumps to mind for me would be: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maher_Arar> He was a Canadian citizen, detained in the United States, and deported to Syria where he was tortured.

<comment><USER5> I guess you missed the bit where it says: "He received C$10.5 million and prime minister Stephen Harper formally apologized to Arar for Canada's role in his "terrible ordeal" .[9][10]"

Sure, money doesn't necessarily negate a wrong completely, but this case is a good example to illustrate that the rule of law is supreme.

Moreover, I think there is a massive difference between Alquaeda related suspicions, etc, and other activities. I think they are considered to be enemy soldiers, therefore different standards apply.

The ultimate point is, you shouldn't be scared from your own government. You live in a country where the rule of law reigns supreme and your freedom is protected by the constitution. No need to self-censor, or be paranoid.

<comment><USER7> Awarded by the Canadian govt, not the U.S. The United States still admits no wrong-doing.

According to the linked article, "The Syrian government now says that Arar is 'completely innocent.'" (And as you say, the Canadian govt apologized and awarded him damages.) And yet he still has not had his day in a U.S. court, which is the jurisdiction that violated his human rights.

The United States govt can decide to have you tortured for a year, based on suspicion alone (no trial, no judge, no lawyer), and then afterwords, you cannot even complain in a U.S. courtroom about your mis-treatment.

EDIT: my bad, it looks like the US Court of Appeals actually heard the case in 2008. And then dismissed it.</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment>


A Design Flaw That Almost Wiped Out an NYC Skyscraper (2014) - <AUTHOR> http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_eye/2014/04/17/the_citicorp_tower_design_flaw_that_could_have_wiped_out_the_skyscraper.html <comment><USER2> Not too tagntial to the story, but what if, they had to tear it down? In fact, some of skyscraper buildings may require reconstruction / rebuild for whatever reason one century from now. Assuming the world is at least as dense today's, how are they going to tear it down? Vagas's method works fine because those casino buildings are pretty low profile compare to skyscraper, plus between building and building there is always some open space gap, unlike in the busy NY. We know from 9/11 the force is too great to contain.

</comment><comment><USER3> Note: From 2014.

Interesting discussion from original post: [https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7605993](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7605993)

<comment><USER4> And not nearly as interesting as the engaging 1995 account from the New Yorker:

[http://people.duke.edu/~hpgavin/cee421/citicorp1.htm](http://people.duke.edu/~hpgavin/cee421/citicorp1.htm)

Past HN subs on this topic, in reverse chrono, ranging from two months ago to six years ago:

[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10360509](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10360509)

[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9656026](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9656026)

[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7605993](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7605993)

[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4817915](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=4817915)

[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2618833](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2618833)

[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1325393](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1325393)

<comment><USER5> We could change the URL, but the newer article does have additional detail about the student who initially reported the flaw.

<comment><USER4> Yes it does!

> _The BBC aired a special on the Citicorp Center crisis, and one of its > viewers was Diane Hartley. It turns out that she was the student in > LeMessurier's story. She never spoke with LeMessurier; rather, she spoke > with one of his junior staffers._

> _Hartley didn't know that her inquiry about how the building deals with > quartering winds led to any action on LeMessurier's part. It was only after > seeing the documentary that she began to learn about the impact that her > undergraduate thesis had on the fate of Manhattan._

Neat.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER6> The other famous American skyscraper with a design flaw was John Hancock Tower in Boston:

[http://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/24/arts/architecture-view- a-n...](http://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/24/arts/architecture-view-a-novel- design-and-its-rescue-from-near-disaster.html?pagewanted=all)

Situated directly adjacent to H. H. Richardson's Trinity Chruch, it was a failure of urban design as well.

</comment><comment><USER7> This article is pretty terrible. It's a pretty well known incident at this point, and there have been several articles about it and IIRC it was even covered in a PBS or History Channel TV show about skyscrapers.

The Wikipedia article about the building gives better and more accurate information than the Slate article.

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citigroup_Center](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citigroup_Center)

</comment><comment><USER8> This incident inspired an episode of Numb3rs, "Structural Corruption".</comment>


Ask HN: What resources did you utilize the most when learning to code? - <AUTHOR>

I've been coding now for two years. My method for learning at this point is digging in and building stuff. But when I first started out, I relied heavily on books (You remember those right?). Lately it's been online documentation for whatever library I'm currently using.<p>What helped you the most when you first started out? Videos, books, online tutorials, school, or another method? <comment><USER2> Pick a language with a REPL. More than anything else, this really really helped me. I would just type in quick experiments and be done with it. No setting up files. No overhead of printing results. Get it wrong? Want to further explore the results? No problem, do it _now_ in real time. Reloading a file is too slow for such learning.

Heck, I really shouldn't be talking past tense on this, I still learn REPL style frequently, and more, I still "experimentally code". Just double checking that my basic premise works makes the entire coding experience faster, easier and more fun.

Further, with decent editor/REPL combos you can turn experimental code into real code in just a few easy steps.

Also, more generally, just code. Under no circumstances should learning to code not involve lots and lots of "face" time with the computer. I find one of the best ways to learn is to do it wrong over and over until I finally get how to do it right.</comment>


41Latitude - Roads, Streets, & 'The Smallest Effective Difference' - <AUTHOR> http://www.41latitude.com/post/5015108594/streets <comment><USER2> Why add "41Latitude" to the title, when it's already indicated by the domain?</comment>


How Rihanna forced the beauty industry to acknowledge non-whites - <AUTHOR> https://quartzy.qz.com/1304635/how-rihanna-forced-the-beauty-industry-to-acknowledge-a-world-beyond-the-rich-and-the-white/ <comment><AUTHOR> Rihanna is an impressive entrepreneur who has demonstrated a real vision for how to innovate in this space:

\</comment><comment></comment><comment>---

In 2017, Fenty Beauty was named one of Time's "Inventions of the Year" for its inclusivity, but it's the impact of the brand's release that is truly impressive. Since Fenty's launch, lines that still do not offer a wide range of shades and price points are doing so at their peril. What's more, the fact that a designer heritage brand like Dior is on board suggests that the beauty industry is entering a time of reckoning, a time where beauty brands—even iconic names like Dior—can no longer afford to be skin color- or cost- exclusive in their offerings.</comment>


Show HN: System 7 – Mac OS 7 emulator for mobile devices - <AUTHOR> https://boramalper.github.io/system-7/index.html <comment><AUTHOR> Hey HN!

I've modified Jason Scott's awesome emulator on Internet Archive to work on mobile browsers, and although it still has a few bugs, it's pretty usable and I thought you might find it also cool to run System 7 on an iPhone. =)</comment>


A Practical Optional Type System for Clojure - <AUTHOR> http://cloud.github.com/downloads/frenchy64/papers/paper.pdf

<comment><USER2> _Overall, the work described in this dissertation leads to the conclusion that it appears to be both practical and useful to design and implement an optional static type system for the Clojure programming language._

I'm a huge type safety fan (see <http://roy.brianmckenna.org/>) so this is pretty amazing. I'm definitely going to play around with Ambrose's work.

Had a quick look, it's really exciting that the algo.monads was almost completely type-checkable with this system.

Leaves me with a couple of questions:

Multimethods are untyped. Anyone able to comment on how often multimethods are used in idiomatic Clojure code?

Anyone know if this work could eventually allow protocols to become full type- classes (allowing dispatch based on return type of protocol methods)? Am I misunderstanding how protocols are compiled?

Hopefully the videos for Typed Clojure at Clojure Conj 2012 will be posted soon after the talk is given :)

My only fear is that optional typing would be less useful than optional _untyping_. When you have libraries that are untyped, they're a pain to use from a typed language. The other way around is not true.

<comment> Tuna-Fish > Multimethods are untyped. Anyone able to comment on how often multimethods > are used in idiomatic Clojure code?

Not at all.

Multimethods were Hickeys solution to polymorphism before the Haskell enthusiasts managed to preach the gospel of type classes to him. Today, they are more or less deprecated as a solution to a problem.

<comment><USER3> > Not at all.

This is categorically false. Multimethods solve a certain problem "open arbitrary function dispatch". Nothing in Clojure aside from multimethods solves this problem. There are many projects that use multimethods to their great advantage, including, but not limited to:

* Clojure

* ClojureScript

* ClojureScript One

<comment><USER4> Overtone also uses multimethods in a number of places. They're crazy powerful and useful.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> This is really great, and immaculately put together. Recently though I've come across people who think that you need strong types when programming, and this is really weird to me. I think it has its place for sure, and is a great way to ensure you're being correct, but I also really like not having to mess with types on hobby projects and such for sure :D

Anyway, great paper.

<comment><USER6> I love strong types on hobby projects, so I don't have to constantly go back and fix crash bugs after I get it working once.

<comment><USER7> You must be doing it differently than me, and most other people I've worked with.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER8> I'll just note that any corrections are more than welcome, this is my first paper and I've got a lot to learn! Please send them to abonnairesergeant at gmail dot com.

</comment><comment><USER9> One of the distinguishing features of a classic Lisp is that values, not variables have a type-tag and the type-safety checking is performed at runtime. Everything is a reference (a pointer), everything is a first-class object (could be passed anywhere), everything is an expression (uniform syntax).

Ironically, Clojure is, a Java in the land of Lisp. They broke the abstraction layers, mess up logic with implementation, introduce not just different kind of parenthesis, but redundant and irrelevant data-structures and ruined the magic of "everything is a list". Look what a classic 3-lines 'keep function became.)

<comment><USER10> > but redundant and irrelevant data-structures

Now you're just trolling. Clojure's immutable persistent data structures are one of the primary strengths of the language, and what I tend to miss most when I'm working in another language.

<comment><USER9> It is not about collections, it is about breaking the conceptual unity of the core language by using [] for a parameter.. array.)

<comment><USER9> Oh, excuse me, not an array, I'm old fashioned - heterogeneous vector!)

<comment><USER11> You say array, I say heterogenous vector, let's call the whole thing off!</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment>


GraphInsight 1.0 is out! interactive exploration for graph data - <AUTHOR> http://www.graphinsight.com/

<comment><USER2> looks interesting, I'll give it a try.</comment>


Sherpa lets you send money via PayPal with just the sound of your voice - <AUTHOR> https://www.thepaypalblog.com/2012/10/sherpa-lets-you-send-money-via-paypal-with-just-the-sound-of-your-voice/

<comment><USER2> "My voice is my passport." I suppose that since many companies want to equate possesion of a mobile device with identity these days, this particular feature is actually a security enhancement!</comment>


Show HN: Get hired as a team - <AUTHOR> https://netin.co/teams <comment><AUTHOR> Sign up form should be working now.</comment>


Ask HN: What is the most useful thing I can develop in C++ and opensource it? - <AUTHOR>

I am a C++ programmer with about 10 years of experience, have been reading HN for some time now.
I am based in Europe and looking for a job change (may be move to US). Lately, it seems like most good places in the US want you to demonstrate your skills through github before they would even consider you. I have always been one of the top programmers wherever I worked, but don't tend to program as much outside work and don't maintain a github account with any goodies.
My question is, is there something I can develop in C++ and put it on github that's actually useful for people and will help me get noticed? (I am also skilled in DB, Cloud technologies, python) <comment><USER2> I asked myself a similar question some time ago. I came up to a conclusion that it would be worth developing something that would help me in my day-to- day pains so I started this little project: [http://sourceforge.net/projects/intelligentloganalyser/](http://sourceforge.net/projects/intelligentloganalyser/) (still in planning phase, sorry for self-advertising).

</comment><comment><USER3> 1\. Choose an app- maybe your favorite IDE 2\. Build an app to work with it and will: 2a. Allow migrating your current state to another computer running said app.</comment>


I put together a guide on how to efficiently improve a cold email campaign - <AUTHOR> https://blog.companywell.co/cold-email-outreach-6-ways-to-increase-your-metrics/ <comment><AUTHOR> I've run a lot of email campaigns in the past and wanted to share what I've learned from my failures. I covered 6 primary aspects of an email campaign that are critical for success.</comment>


BKPR: A standard runtime environment for Kubernetes - <AUTHOR> https://github.com/bitnami/kube-prod-runtime <comment><AUTHOR> The Bitnami Kubernetes Production Runtime (BKPR) is a collection of services that makes it easy to run production workloads in Kubernetes.

Think of Bitnami Kubernetes Production Runtime as a curated collection of the services you would need to deploy on top of your Kubernetes cluster to enable logging, monitoring, certificate management, automatic discovery of Kubernetes resources via public DNS servers and other common infrastructure needs.</comment>


Ask HN: How to recognize a "bad" VC? - <AUTHOR> Pardon my english. Sorry If this question has been asked before.
I'm seeking an advice and a good discussions about .. [title].
I have a target VC that I would like to submit my pitch-deck, but I tend to wait because I'm not quite sure about them, and this is a reason why I ask this question, and I need some insight.
First, on their website they write a lot of a good things, it's a psychological way of thinking, and me especially incline to think the opposite because there's no a good things when the money involved.
Second, I don't know which person, but based on my research, they have an account in the caymand island.
Third, they promoted their VC through bloomberg and few other news agency, but I tried to tracked the article and I couldn't find it on those site because the article has gone. I don't know how it could be possible.
Above of that, you might raise a question, why I might still want to choose them.
fourth, their investor had an investment in paypal and space-x.
fifth, the VC also announce that they will limit the startup they want to invest. at the moment they have 4 startup they've funded so far. three in my country one in abroad.
Sixth, They offer more money than any other VC.
Should I avoid this VC and find another VC? or I still submit my pitch-deck to them?
or It is possible to ask straighforward to them from email, like Hey, I would like to submit my pitch-deck to you but I'm not quite sure because.. bla bla bla? should I do this?
Thanks <comment><USER2> Gonna be harsh - this is just not how it works. You sound totally clueless and are not a candidate for VC investment. Spend some time learning about the startup industry - read pg's articles, other reputable sources - if you want to get involved.

</comment><comment><USER3> Visit thefunded.com, which is like yelp for VC's. You'll see which ones are bad and which ones are really bad.

Even if your idea is brilliant and your team and plan are also brilliant, many VC's won't be interested in investing. Too early, too late, already have their money in a competing firm in the same space, not their specialty, Mercury is in retrograde..

if you don't want to submit to them, don't submit to them, and feel good about it.

</comment><comment><USER4> What's the AUM of the VC? Do they have a long history of success? Be weary of any thing on a website. I have seen startups lie about their VCs, and I am sure some VCs do the same. They are just betting their won't be caught cause there are so many around. Do you know anyone to vouch for them? Plenty of VCs individuals tend to be predators because they know startups are desperate. Few startups investments does not necessary mean they are choosy, VCs like to bet the entire table rather than pick since they know it's hard to find winners base on gut feeling. Yes, it's gut feeling and who you know when you don't have cash flow. Read the contract 3 times and seek legal counsel.

</comment><comment><USER5> Since it sounds like you are doing a cold call and pitch, I don't think you know if this vc you target funds at your stage and has a suitable investment hypothesis. While this one could work out, I would set expectations with you that you will need to pitch 10 to 20 vcs to know if you have a fundable pitch.

Remember that not fitting the vc model might still mean you have a great business, they just have a particular model.

There are a lot of good reasons to do your first round through Kickstarter, for example, if you have a direct to consumer product.

Good luck

</comment><comment><USER6> If you can't assess what it might be like to work with someone, you can only build that skill by working with someone. I say start a conversation with the VC. If you get to the point where they wanna offer you money, ask yourself if you'd be willing to trust this person when things get hard. If you can't come to trust them, think real hard befoe you take their money.

</comment><comment><USER7> Send your deck. You can worry about how good a VC they are when (if) you get a term sheet.

</comment><comment><USER8> You should ask their portfolio companies' founders and speak entrepreneur-to- entrepreneur about their experiences working with this VC. Do your due- diligence before getting into bed with anyone.

</comment><comment><USER9> Just submit it and if they are interested you can ask them in person?</comment>


Turning Linux Mint into a Powerful Gaming OS - <AUTHOR> https://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=241837 <comment><USER2> Wine again? There are so many great games with native linux builds. It is perfectly reasonable to build a great and powerful gaming rig without wine. Rather than compromise we should hold devs to account: no linux build, no my money.

Some games are radically better ob linux. Most all of KSP's linux builds have been rock stable, far more so than contemporary windows builds.

<comment><USER3> I agree wholeheartedly. I have a dualboot setup, Windows mainly for games / Linux for dev and games. KSP is super nice to play. Funny enough, I spend most of my time playing Dwarf Fortress and Factorio.</comment></comment>


Firefox Under Fire: Anatomy of latest 0-day attack - <AUTHOR> http://www.welivesecurity.com/2015/08/11/firefox-under-fire-anatomy-of-latest-0-day-attack/

<comment><USER2> Even if PDF.js is in general more secure than certain external PDF readers, it now provides a common attack surface for potentially every platform FF runs on, and therefore, it could make FF less secure on certain platforms than it would be if it simply delegated to whatever PDF reader the platform or users prefer. Instead of having to find 0-days for Adobe Reader on Windows, Evince/Okular on Linux, and others, they only had to find a flaw in PDF.js itself.

The PDF.js project was started largely because Adobe Reader has a horrible security track record and Windows users don't keep it up to date. Well, Linux users don't generally use Reader, and they benefit from package management, so they were just needlessly put at risk to protect others.

I have changed FF to open all PDFs with Evince, and I couldn't be happier. It's faster and has a better UI. I've added it to the ever-growing checklist of things to do after installing FF, which includes installing multiple plug- ins to partially mitigate browser fingerprinting, something that Mozilla has known about at least since 2010 but has done virtually nothing to prevent[1] and something that I and many other users would prefer they work on instead of PDF.js or Pocket integration.

1\. [https://wiki.mozilla.org/Fingerprinting](https://wiki.mozilla.org/Fingerprinting)

<comment><USER3> Apparently the bugs weren't in pdf.js, but in Firefox, and could be exploited through pdf.js and possibly other extensions.

[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10023517](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10023517)

Let's not give the project a bad name for someone else's bugs.

<comment><USER4> Please have a look at the following comments: [https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=965003#c5](https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=965003#c5) and [https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=965003#c7](https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=965003#c7)

As far as I understand PDF.js used the 'PlayPreview' feature (Playpreview is the overlay you get to see to confirm you want to activate a plugin) as a 'hack' to inject PDF.js HTML content (resource://pdf.js/web/viewer.html) into the page because the plugin architecture was not flexible enough. So, even though technically PlayPreview is not part of PDF.js, the combination of PDF.js and PlayPreview specifically made it possible to inject content into PlayPreview and bypass the CSP.

<comment><USER3> Yeah, and that feature was only used in the Firefox deployment of pdf.js.

[https://github.com/mozilla/pdf.js/commit/4f3f983a214867011dd...](https://github.com/mozilla/pdf.js/commit/4f3f983a214867011dda8c5597a4d3523c5f1423)

Not sure who's to blame, but like he said, there was no vulnerability in the web version.

<comment><USER4> That's correct. I don't think we should blame the PDF.js devs either.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER5> If you were hit with this attack, would you see a pdf attempt to load in the browser? Was it a hidden iframe? Were any popular tube sites affected (PH- network, etc)?

<comment><USER6> It was completely invisible to the end-user from what I understand

<comment><USER5> So, is there a comprehensive list of affected sites anywhere? I've seen a short list of sites serving the malware, but I see no mention of whether this was distributed via any large-scale tube sites.

<comment><USER6> It was served through ad networks, the only version in the wild I've heard of was targetting a russian network

<comment><USER4> It was disguised as an ad, not served through ad networks. In other cases it was disguised as a file from a CDN.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> How hard would it be to strengthen a Linux-system to make the browser operate with less rights in order to give an attacker less access to the /etc/* folders? Because that seems to be the main angle of attack. Get user permission via bug in browser, just download a lot of files / folders and see if anything useful pops up.

<comment><USER8> I dont know about Linux, but if you'd be comfortable leaving it-is-linux-only- that-exists land, then PC-BSD[0], which is a desktop focused distro of FreeBSD[1], allows you running your browser in a Jail[2], which is a container technology with years of battle experience in production :)

[0] [https://www.pcbsd.org/](https://www.pcbsd.org/)

[1] [https://www.freebsd.org/](https://www.freebsd.org/)

[2] [https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/jails.html](https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/jails.html)

<comment><USER9> And if you develop jails, you get the kernel intrinsics that Docker leverages, which brings you back to Linux...

<comment><USER8> What are those exactly? Docker seems to me more like a userland glue for kernel based containers, and since it's starting to support FreeBSD Jails, I dont see why again it has to lead to Linux only, instead to FreeBSD OR Linux (or anything else supported by libcontainer for that matter). The main point is, Linux is not the only thing, and talking like that reinforces that incorrect point of view in other unaware people. Technology diversity is extremely important and cool thing.

<comment><USER10> Those intrinsics would be exactly cgroups, they isolate much more than just part of hierarchy in filesystem.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER11> A quite beautiful bug! The fact it searches your computer for filezilla/etc server credentials is just as beautiful!!

This is a lesson for those who continue to save their filezilla/etc passes in plaintext.. Stop being lazy and type your password each time.

</comment><comment><USER12> Can anyone explain what the bug was?

<comment><USER13> This previous thread has links to more detail: [https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10021376](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10021376)

<comment><USER12> But none that describe the cause of the bug, right?

<comment><USER14> Well, the person who reported the bug comment in depth details of what it does from his point of view on that link.

So yes?

ctrl+f to find user "fukusa" and you'll find that one of his/her comment goes into depth.

<comment><USER4> Thanks, also have a look at: [https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10047010](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=10047010)

<comment><USER12> Thanks, that's closer to what I was looking for. I'm still a bit unclear on what exactly the root cause of the bug is. A flawed plugin API (PlayPreview), flawed usage of that API, a bug in the implementation of that API, a combination of these or something else. From your link it looks like the plugin now does not use the API anymore, but the API still exists. But the API implementation seems to have required fixes as well. [1] [2]

[1] [https://github.com/mozilla/gecko- dev/commit/2e67509c8a3cefe8...](https://github.com/mozilla/gecko- dev/commit/2e67509c8a3cefe8c0cdf74922f02c340543b17f)

[2] [https://github.com/mozilla/gecko- dev/commit/8b7f7bde8f21bd71...](https://github.com/mozilla/gecko- dev/commit/8b7f7bde8f21bd71d85f40a5b5fbf9c9b0e05528)</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment>


The Body Electric - <AUTHOR> http://www.outsideonline.com/outdoor-adventure/nature/The-Body-Electric.html

<comment><USER2> The article was provocative, if light on the clinical details, but that's OK, not a medical journal after all. It does convincingly portray that having a rare condition, and lightning survivors are rare, is a special curse.

Good doctors take an interest in unusual cases--it's an opportunity to learn. FWIW I've not encountered anyone with a lightning-caused condition, but the article arouses my curiosity, I am kind of a geek about the questions brought out by such phenomena.

BTW for anyone interested in lightning rather than physiological effects of it, this site may be worthwhile: [http://www.blitzortung.org/Webpages/index.php?lang=en](http://www.blitzortung.org/Webpages/index.php?lang=en)

As I read the brief descriptions of people had been sruck by lightning, I surmised some suffered PTSD-like symptoms, as was mentioned near the end of the article. Among the many patients I've seen diagnosed with autoimmune disorders, similar hard-to-characterize symptoms are often present. Perhaps lightning-induced damage to tissues sets off a cascade of immune system responses leading to symptoms, but I really have no idea what connections exist among these phenomena.

Just a few of the things I look forward to learning about.

</comment><comment><USER3> Relevant: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIuMICiFqmE#t=6420](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PIuMICiFqmE#t=6420)

Eric Dollard discussing lightning, he also goes into the skin effect afterwards, which is also relevant to this article. Interesting stuff... this guy.

</comment><comment><USER4> Its nature; we can research about this one to make this one comprehensive.</comment>


Diageo to launch Johnnie Walker whisky in paper bottles - <AUTHOR> https://www.reuters.com/article/us-diageo-packaging/diageo-to-launch-johnnie-walker-whisky-in-paper-bottles-in-2021-idUSKCN24E112 <comment><USER2> I've never seen whisky (Johnnie Walker or others) in a plastic bottle...

If the Whisky industry wants to cut down on waste, there's a really easy way to do it. Stop putting whisky into fancy cardboard/metal boxes (or at least offer a version of all your lines without the box).

Other spirits do just fine without the fancy box, it's just pure waste (apart from perhaps whisky bought for gifts)

<comment><USER3> Direct sunlight quickly (in a matter of a few weeks) affects both the color and taste of whisky. The outer packaging serves a functional role.

<comment><USER4> When would it really be in direct sunlight though? I'd imagine sitting on a liquor store shelf wouldn't qualify unless it was in the window or something.

<comment><USER5> It's primarily the ultraviolet in sunlight that is damaging. Stores use flourescent lighting in this part of the world, which still emits a fair amount of UV, damaging the product sitting on a shelf. This is why beer in green bottles often picks up a "skunky" flavor; green glass doesn't block UV as well as brown and the UV reacts with the hop flavinoid molecules, changing the flavor.

<comment><USER6> Huh, I always figured that's just how Heineken tasted!

<comment><USER7> Many beers traditionally packaged in clear or green bottles (like Heineken and Mexican lagers) got "skunked" during shipment and consumers (especially in export markets) came to recognize that as the taste of the beer. Today, they get shipped to store more quickly and without much light exposure... so they're deliberately skunked by the brewer to maintain the taste.

<comment><USER8> I'm going to call [citation needed] on the deliberate skunking...

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER9> Let's put on the skeptic cap, because "environmentally friendly" packaging is rife with misleading statements. (For an example, the bottled water company "Just Water" notes their plant-based, organic, environmentally friendly packaging can be recycled, but they specifically avoid mentioning it cannot be composted. They even fooled their own PR team.[1])

Pulpex site 'about' page: "NOT Pulp wrapped around plastic"

Pulpex site 'about' page: "NOT Pulp-infused into PET"

Pilot Lite press release: "...first ever 100% PET free paper-based spirits bottle, made entirely from sustainably sourced wood."

Diageo press release: "...100% plastic free and expected to be fully recyclable. The bottle is made from sustainably sourced pulp to meet food-safe standards and will be fully recyclable in standard waste streams."

So it's not biodegradable or compostable, but it is recyclable. It doesn't use "plastic", but some component of it presumably does not degrade. So for any chemists: what wood derivative isn't _technically_ a plastic, but is waterproof and does not decompose?

\</comment><comment></comment><comment>----

[1]: [https://twitter.com/JUST/status/1068686120995643392](https://twitter.com/JUST/status/1068686120995643392)

<comment><USER10> More than waterproof, to securely contain the ethanol in the whiskey it needs to be solvent proof. Sounds like a fluoropolymer coating that isn't technically considered plastic, although it could be glass or aluminum.

<comment><USER9> I think the lining has to be wood-based. The strongest "official" statement is the Pilot Lite press release, and the phrase "bottle, made entirely from sustainably sourced wood" seems too definite to weasel out of. Of course, it is an industry that deals in contortion of language and meaning.

<comment><USER10> In that case the lining could be heat and pressure treated wood, something along the lines of linoleum: [https://flaxcouncil.ca/flax-usage/industrial- uses/what-is-li...](https://flaxcouncil.ca/flax-usage/industrial-uses/what-is- linoleum/)

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER11> I believe when a 'bottle' is made out of paper, it's properly called a 'carton'. e.g. a 'carton of milk'

<comment><USER12> I remember buying cartons of red wine in Italy in the mid '90s for a few hundred lire a go. It was diabolically bad. Great days!

<comment><USER13> They've started putting decent wines in boxes. There's nothing inherently wrong with boxes, or screw tops, or plastic corks. They prevent further aging, but that's just fine: the vast majority of wines are as good as they'll ever get when they go into the bottle.

The mystique of ultra high-end wines aging for years requires careful conditions, specific wine properties, and is still pretty hit-and miss. For everything else, there's no reason not to package it for convenience rather than tradition.

Boxes used to be used only for bad wines, and there's still plenty of bad wine in boxes, but they've gotten good at making decent reliable wines for cheap. Putting them in a box lowers costs, and it's very nice to be able to take out one glass at a time.

<comment><USER14> I'll get ridiculed for this, but there's actually decent wine to be had in cans now too. I wouldn't really drink it out of a can directly, but it's pretty convenient sometimes to have a half bottle of wine, and not worry about how to save the rest.

<comment><USER11> Doesn't that impart an aluminum flavor? I've had seltzer water from cans and it seems to have a noticeably metallic flavor compared to bottled seltzer water (I don't notice a difference between plastic or glass bottles.)

<comment><USER14> I think most cans have a plastic liner

<comment><USER8> Resin*, but yeah

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER15> Wait... they're using plastic bottles right now?! The bottles I know are glass + metal top. perfect for recycling. Am I missing something?

Edit: lol okay I'm not the only one. So is it a marketing ploy then?

<comment><USER16> Aside from very large containers of cheaper of "mid tier" quality alcohols and samplers, I've never seen a plastic bottle.

For scotch, I've never seen anything but glass and don't believe I'd buy anything but glass.

Is there an advantage to paper recycling over glass? I know I've went through the whole "recycle your own paper" project when I was a kid but nothing to the level an industrial plant would likely do. I'm assuming energy requirements may be the same? Paper seems like it might be more difficult in some cases. Way out of my area of expertise.

<comment><USER17> I know our local waste department has had a very hard time finding anyone to recycle the glass they collect. Some of it ends up crushed and tumbled to be used for landscaping. But most of it is crushed and layered over the landfill liner. That is technically recycling/reuse as I think something else like gravel would be used otherwise, but it isn't what people expect when they recycle their bottles.

I don't have any official information about what prevents it from being recycled but I've heard word of mouth that transportation costs are a huge factor if you don't already have glass production in your area. Also that sorting is a big issue, as different glasses have different additives, and need to be recycled separately but sorting is hard to do safely and cost effectively.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER18> What's the inside coating made of that doesn't get dissolved away by 40% ethanol solution?

<comment><USER19> yeah, my understanding was that most paper packaging these days was lined with a very thin layer of plastic or foil.

but "pure paper" is what they're claiming... maybe there's a new tech? or maybe they're doing that cheap marketing trick where you say "20% of the package is made entirely out of nothing but 100% pure paper!"

<comment><USER10> It could be something like a food-safe linoleum coating on the inside surface of the cardboard bottle.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER20> > is fully recyclable

Glass if fully recyclable and reusable.

<comment><USER21> But is not biodegradable on shorter time scales.

e.g. a glass bottle in a woodland setting could stay in that form for thousands of years. A paper bottle would last a few weeks at most.

<comment><USER22> Is that really a big deal? Is that form actively harmful? After all, it's mostly melted sand. Seems like it would be no worse than having a rock to me, but I don't know enough to say that definitively.

<comment><USER23> A shard of glass would be sharp (dangerous to animals that are unfamiliar with it) and could even focus sunlight to start a fire.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER24> Diageo, ah... the memories, it was nice writing software for them. Actually the coleagues were nice, the software was shitty.

<comment><USER25> did you work for a CerTain agency in nyc? ))

<comment><USER24> No, I worked for a danish company that worked on very high value added products and products with very high entry costs/moats so they tended to use old technologies, but they delivered ok(ish) products in the end.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER26> I hate Johnnie Walker but I don't think I've ever seen it in a plastic bottle. Isn't is usually glass?

<comment><USER27> I'm guessing that bottles sold at airports might be plastic, to save weight and for security reasons.

<comment><USER28> I've never seen any Johnnie Walker airport bottles in plastic - at least not full size.

I would bet they sell the mini bottles and pints in plastic - but their full size bottles have been glass in every outlet I've seen them.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER25> Until stated otherwise, I'm going to assume these paper bottles will be plastic-lined, like milk "cartons", and so just as non-biodegradeable and non- recyclable.

Most of the time I've seen a switch from glass to plastic or "not plastic", the real reason is to cut down on product loss due to glass breakage en route, which is pretty big.

</comment><comment><USER29> In Japan, liqour is sold in milk cartons. Why doesn't the rest of the world do so?

[https://i.imgur.com/dD0NB1A.jpg](https://i.imgur.com/dD0NB1A.jpg)

<comment><USER30> Some liquor is sold in milk cartons.

Having been to Japan, I saw plenty of glass bottles in the liquor stores/7/11s.

</comment></comment><comment><USER31> What a joke. Paper isn't a suitable container for long term storage of liquid. Paper straws are also a joke. I carry a big bundle of plastic straws in my car now.

</comment><comment><USER32> Is it better than glass!?

</comment><comment><USER33> Yea and glass is recyclable too

</comment><comment><USER34> whats wrong with glass? Its worked for years!

</comment><comment><USER35> > _... ramps up efforts to tackle plastic waste._

What kind of savage lets their alcohol touch plastic? ;-)

<comment><USER12> The kind of savage who drinks Johnnie Walker.</comment></comment>


DIY Currencies  - <AUTHOR> http://www.portfolio.com/views/columns/dual-perspectives/2009/04/13/DIY-Currencies <comment><AUTHOR> If Amazon issued "amazon bucks", that would probably be a viable alternative electronic currency since they offer a convenient single payment system and according to the recent thread may already account for up to 1/3 of US ecommerce.

<http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=564080></comment>


Analyzing papers to figure out where AI is headed next - <AUTHOR> https://www.technologyreview.com/s/612768/we-analyzed-16625-papers-to-figure-out-where-ai-is-headed-next/ <comment><USER2> Popups galore. Too many to read the article. Cliffs notes?

<comment><USER3> They list the well-known machine learning trends of the past decades, then say they don't know what's next. "Maybe it'll be something other than deep learning in the next decade."

The title should be appended with ", and failing".</comment></comment>


Ask HN: Do you have to read a lot of text as a programmer? - <AUTHOR> I have lack of confidence in my ability to read. I think I need to get help from an educational psychologist. In the meantime, I was wondering if I would be fine relying on videos for the most part. I seem to read slow, and I seem to be able to read small amount of text and conversational text fine, like I'm reading here. <comment><USER2> You may not find this a complete barrier to being a productive programmer. I've worked in an office full of people who almost certainly had more issues digesting English-language technical material than you do, where that was a major portion of what they had to do every day. Coping strategies exist.

That said: I would explore avenues towards achieving confidence in your literacy, including by improving literacy if that is indeed an underlying issue here. Communication skills gate a lot of your future advancement options. Lack of confidence in ability to read will probably [+] hinder your ability to be at or above market expectations with regards to those skills.

[ + ] Probably. I have a strong suspicion that the best boss I ever had was functionally illiterate in his native language and just covered it well. I don't know whether other people came to the same suspicion regarding literacy but lots of people came to the same impression regarding effectiveness as a manager.

</comment><comment><USER3> As a programmer, I read a ton of documentation, technology articles, tutorials, and news to learn more every day.

Reading code is certainly important as well; this comes naturally for me after working with a code base for some time. (Blocks of code become more and more familiar as I work with them and I need to peruse less and less. This is especially true for well modularized code bases and code bases with good issue tracking.)

As a programmer I read a lot.

<comment><USER4> I feel the same but I think it's important to specify that most of the reading I've had to so to learn a lot about programming, and code much more specifically, is very structured.

You don't need to read every word most of the time because most programming related information, documentation, and tutorials are amazingly categorized. I think this is more so then any other field. Do you need to learn about some obscure topic? There's someone who's written some perfect sample code to do your task.

You only need to read a lot because you need to do a lot of different things in the course of your day.

</comment></comment><comment><USER5> From my experience it really depends. I've worked as a programmer and product manager as well as a Manager of hundreds of engineers and product managers.

Reading a lot of text is only one way of getting information to perform your job. For instance, some of the best programmers and engineers I managed knew how to have good discussions and the right questions to ask.

Often times user stories are the foundation of that interaction and they are extremely short and organized. As someone else mentioned here, technical learning is very structured and most engineers I know read a little, try it out and then read more if they need more help.

As long as reading a lot of text is not the main form of how you get information and learn then you can probably be OK as a programmer. If you are looking ahead and wanted to engage in other roles then you should invest time to become confident with that form of information.</comment>


Ask HN: Why don't we teach everyone how to code? Now is a great time - <AUTHOR> We are all in isolation with ample time on our hands. It would make me insanely happy to teach some impoverished youngster how to code. Is there a platform for this? If not why don't we make one? Khan Academy and coursera are not quite the same because there is no teacher. <comment><USER2> I wonder how many people are self taught programmers, functionally or otherwise. Coding isn't like reading. You aren't locked out of learning it without a teacher. In order to learn how to code, all you need is a computer and internet access. The question I have to ask is, why should we teach people how to code? Why not let them rely on khan academy and tutorials and coursera. It's how I learned, and how a lot of people learned, and we learned because we wanted to do something with it.

Coding isn't like reading, not everybody needs to do it, not everybody should do it, and not everybody can do it. Coding is like math. And like math, after a while, most people just use the calculator on their phones.

</comment><comment><USER3> Teaching to code sounds great but it has to be combined with critical thinking and digital literacy. Plus a lot of people don't have access to a functioning browser or laptop. To answer your question you can check out freecodecamp</comment>


An Engineer's Critique of Global  Warming 'Science' (2011) [pdf] - <AUTHOR> http://burtrutan.com/downloads/EngrCritiqueCAGW-v4o3.pdf <comment><USER3> He offers very little charity to the subject of his critique and dives right into reactionary rhetoric. I waited patiently for the slide with the lizard- people but it didn't come. Sadly, it seems, this whole boon-doggle has been caused by grant-seeking academics, ratings-obsessed media, and opportunistic eco-political activists. Too tame for my liking.

I'm not involved enough in climate science to know one way or another if the IPCC's findings are biased. However I like to believe that the simple solution is the answer: that a team of hundreds (thousands?) of highly-specialized people have staked their lives on this project. From talking with my acquaintances in various science fields I find it improbable that people do it for the money. You could have a more comfortable working environment writing Javascript web apps to share photos with strangers. That leaves out grant- seeking academics -- hardly pay dirt. Ratings obsessed media? Even Al Gore's stunts pale in comparison to the deluge of profits from block buster films. Weather is a good scare for news but murderers and corrupt officials tend to make the prime time. That leaves opportunistic activists?

I guess? Seems unlikely that they'd have been able to orchestrate a conspiracy of this scale on their own simply to get their message out. Fudging ICPP data from hundreds (thousands?) of experiments alone would be rather difficult to do as an activist on the outside...

 _but what about on the inside_? Might make a flop of a movie but I doubt it could be true.

All we have here are some lofty claims that science is wrong and a lone test- engineer has found the truth: climate change is just a scare tactic used by the Alarmists to fool you into... buying electric cars, trying to use less energy, and recycling? I don't get it.

<comment><USER4> Just a lone test-engineer? Sorry to be a bit rude but it does appear you're too lazy to bother to look at the arguments. There are plenty of people with distinguished careers in science whose sceptical positions are very well argued. There's Richard Lindzen [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Lindzen](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Lindzen) and Judith Curry [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Curry](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Curry) (chair of the School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at the Georgia Institute of Technology) for instance but there are many more if you look. Two websites to check are [http://wattsupwiththat.com/](http://wattsupwiththat.com/) and [http://bishophill.squarespace.com/](http://bishophill.squarespace.com/). Both sites invite counter-arguments from 'warmists' whereas you'll find it difficult if not nigh impossible to post a sceptical comment on a non-sceptic site. That tells you a lot about how the science is conducted.

If you want to skip the science and move on to the economics try this one. Billions of dollars are being spent world wide on the basis of lousy climate models in so-called climate effect mitigation. However let us assume they correctly predict the future. The expenditure is demonstrably insane - <USER2> is no other word to describe it. Countless billions to lower temperatures by literally immeasurable fractions of a degree! [http://topher.com.au/50-to-1-video- project/](http://topher.com.au/50-to-1-video-project/). And would you like to argue that the stupendous flow of cash doesn't influence anyone? That has to be a fairy story.

<comment><USER5> Watts Up with That is an instructive example, really.

Mr. Watts really tipped his hand a few years back. He had been banging the drums on insisting that the measured increase in low atmospheric temperatures had been an artifact of the heat island effect. He insisted that if we take a closer look into the techniques climate scientists use to correct for the heat island effect, we would find that mean surface temperatures had been drastically overestimated. He worked together with some folks to come up with a plan of attack to do just that, and off to the races we went.

So what did he do when the numbers came back and it turned out that climatologists had actually been _overcorrecting_ for the heat island effect, with the result being that the study supported the exact opposite of his hypothesis? He moved the goalpost, and carried on.

The whole episode really wasn't much different from what we see with other junk scientists who've proven similarly capable of supporting an untenable position in the face of overwhelming evidence on the subject of the supposed vaccine-autism link, or whether or not dogs have ESP. Any of these propositions may be true; in principle any scientific consensus can be overturned (and it has happened in the past). But anyone who wishes to do so needs to be _extremely_ scrupulous in how they assemble and present their arguments. Folks like Lindzen, Watts, and Rutan simply haven't proven themselves to be up to the task. Those who would like to challenge the scientific consensus on scientific grounds rather than the court of public opinion (which is influenced by the Dunning-Kruger effect more than evidence) would do well to try and find more capable spokespeople.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER6> I am increasingly of the view that we need publications for a lay audience that focus on debate between experts. While an opinion piece can seem reasonable on its own, it may be full of errors that are easily highlighted by an expert. However, popular publications today focus on publishing the opinions of well-known figures, and if there is scrutiny of their views it typically appears in a different publication. While this approach gives the non-expert reader a warm and fuzzy feeling of being informed, they may worse off than if they had read nothing at all.

<comment><USER7> Unfortunately one of the skills experts develop is the ability to detect bullshit arguments. It is difficult to convey skepticism to a lay audience.

One of the red flags this Rutan thing immediately sets off is that it is INCREDIBLY long, and despite that, doesn't provide any sense of what the structure of the argument it is providing will be.

Does he dispute the data that scientists have collected? Does he dispute the analyses? On what basis? Can he attribute the effects the scientists are pointing to to other causes? Does he simply think that the effects don't matter?

The main thing that's clear from all of his graphs is that he thinks that there's a lot of "scare tactics" going on.

But the fact that this thing is 100 pages long and doesn't appear to have any structure should trigger alarm bells by itself.

<comment><USER8> It does have some structure to it. It seems he leads with an introduction to try to give himself some credibility (engineer, done solar farms, energy efficient housing, drove an ev). If you go to page 11, he has a list of 5 points he goes through and refutes.

I thought it was interesting that he leads with a 150ppm argument. He basically states that increasing CO2 saved us from certain doom.

Interestingly, I don't hear anyone here refuting his primary point so it must be too new for realclimate.org to have a page giving marching orders to the drones. Mostly all I see is sarcasm and name calling... ie. Quality comments in league with Yahoo news and YouTube.

I'm glad this didn't make it to the front page. It's pretty off topic for this site. It doesn't really belong on hacker news.

<comment><AUTHOR> OP here. I'm kinda glad it didn't make the front page too, but some stuff from the other side has made it there so I figured what the heck. I find the comments here on HN interesting - attack on him for length of presentation, failure to address ocean acidity, not being a climate scientist (not in the club, so screw him) and such are mostly what you get anywhere else. The guy presents data, but nobody talks about the data - as usual. I would say the HN comments are better than the internet at at large, but not as much better as I had hoped.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER9> A good place for the non-specialist, but mathematically aware, to start is a basic energy balance model: [http://puzlet.com/m/b00gf](http://puzlet.com/m/b00gf) . (Disclosure: I am an engineer; I wrote the visualization.). By all means, dig into the data and reports, but I personally felt much more comfortable with the whole area once I understood the basic physics and sensitivity to the main parameters.

<comment><USER10> I find his engineering approach interesting, if heretical. He seems to dislike scientists as they have no skin in the game:

"The focus is on an Engineering Approach – where data are critical and there are consequences for being wrong; not the Scientist approach – where a theory is the product and it can be right or wrong without repercussions."

</comment></comment><comment><USER11> It's amazing how often the cranks and pseudoscientists in math, evolution, 9/11 conspiracy-theories, and global warming turn out to be engineers.

</comment><comment><USER12> > Carbon Dioxide content is very small, invisible on a bar chart.

Anyone raising the point that "CO2 is only a tiny fraction of the atmosphere" immediately makes me suspicious. The implication, I guess, is that because it is a tiny fraction of the atmosphere, CO2 can't possibly be that important.

But of course every plant, every animal, and every person you know is made out of carbon that was very recently atmospheric CO2. So it's at least a little important.

And if someone is .0001% ricin, they are dead. A few parts per billion turn a crystal of silicon into a semiconductor. A dosage of 0.05% chromium turns a crystal of aluminum oxide into a ruby. So even small chemical changes can have a big effect.

</comment><comment><USER13> Anybody with knowledge and evidence to answer a couple of questions from a very non-expert that were raised in my mind after reading the pdf and then the comments here?

1) It is the statement in the paper true that CO2 loses it's warming effect as concentration goes up?

2) Although I'm fuzzy on the warming, I'm pretty convinced we are killing our oceans. Still a little fuzzy on the exact mechanism though. If the oceans are acidifying from atmospheric CO2 (as opposed to fertilizer runoff or some such) is there evidence of this problem earlier in our planet's history when CO2 levels were much higher?

These are sincere questions hoping for informed answers.

</comment><comment><USER7> Hey look, another climate change denialist who doesn't mention the fact that we are measurably acidifying the oceans: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_acidification](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_acidification)

Humans are releasing enough CO2 into the atmosphere that is being absorbed by the oceans as carbonic acid and killing ocean life.

</comment><comment><USER14> A DJ's investigation of denialist "critique" etc.

</comment><comment><USER15> He gives the "outlawing DDT killed millions" canard, and on the same slide claims the ozone hole was not due to CFCs, but I didn't see anything about vaccines or birth certificates.

<comment><USER12> > claims the ozone hole was not due to CFCs

Was there any even halfway plausible evidence for this in 2001?

The only things I can find on this are in 2007, there was some indication that the Cl2O2 photolysis rate was much lower than expected. But that appears to have been resolved in 2009.

[http://www.nature.com/news/2009/090507/full/news.2009.456.ht...](http://www.nature.com/news/2009/090507/full/news.2009.456.html)

</comment></comment><comment><USER16> We're posting things on climate science now?

So here we have one not a climate scientist and it's been linked once, so I guess I'll post the relevant sections from the IPCC fifth assessment report as many times in number as there are contributors. I'll cap it at 30 because I like misrepresenting scientific consensus.

Working Group 1, 259 authors from 39 countries: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/)

Working Group 2, 309 authors from 70 countries: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/)

Working Group 3, 235 authors from 57 countries: [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/) [https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/)

This comment would have to be about 9 times longer, but that'd be unfair to the other commentators in here. That said, I've read bits of the IPCC report, and it's quite a good read. More people should read it.

<comment><USER17> Please don't do this.

</comment></comment><comment><USER18> You've got to be kidding me. Really?!

How about we get a climate scientist's critique of the Swift "language" while we're at it? Or have a CEO tell us how that change to their product should be "simple".

Let's let the experts do their jobs, ok.

<comment><AUTHOR> I thought this was more of a data analyst looking at data. He does have harsh words of the other side, but if you've ever heard him speak he does the same with his peers in aerospace.</comment></comment>


TinEye: image recognition search - <AUTHOR> http://tineye.com/cool_searches

<comment><USER3> Previously on HN:

<http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=535818>

<http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=423679>

<http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=356971>

<http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=302020>

(and several more articles discussing the company)

</comment><comment><USER4> Someone needs to give these guys a big wad of cash so they can index more sites. I got some interesting results even on some moderately obscure images, but many others returned no results.

Even with a small index, though, this is pretty damn cool.

<comment><USER5> At the risk of being spammy, I really do think they'd benefit from using the service my company has developed - <http://www.80legs.com>. They'll be able to reach and compare millions of images per day for less than $100 (depending on the computational complexity of their image comparison).

<comment><USER6> well this looks quite interesting!

edit: ok I'm watching the video where you, or someone, is explaining the service. I was wondering how limiting is the access to data? I'm under the impression that you crawl the web no matter what and clients piggyback on the crawl stream and do analytics on it. So, who makes calls on web crawling method, I guess you? What if a client wants to crawl and analyze only a specific domain, country specific, for example? And how often and what exactly gets crawled? Lets say a client wants to implement a news.google.com or google alerts (or even tineye) - just as an example - it would analyze a web crawl stream from you and get data out of your system to their servers for utilization? How would such a, presumably large, data get transferred over to the client? What is provided as crawled data? Only a html stream, or the whole page that includes js, css and pictures? Or would a client need to get image links from your crawl and get images themselves? Sorry for lots of questions and incoherency :) but it does look interesting.

<comment><USER5> That is me :)

1\. Who makes the crawling method? We give you the ability to write your own crawling logic. You don't have to though.. we have a default crawler that runs as well.

2\. Crawling specific pages? You can specify pages to crawl using regular expressions or your own custom code.

3\. How often and what gets crawled? Up to you :)

4\. How does the data get transferred over? It's better if you don't transfer all the data over. You can push in your own compute functions to process the data you crawl, and just return much smaller result data sets.

5\. What's provided as crawl data? You can specify the results you return in your code. It's up to you.

<comment><USER6> apropos 4. - those processed data sets could get huge too, that is why I was asking.

If crawling logic can be at clients control, but there is a provided crawler that runs well too, and those prices, it sounds like an excellent product you've got there :) Let's just go over this tineye example we have here - <USER2> need to crawl web and retrieve images - so we have "Only pay $2 per million pages crawled" where they would pay $2 per million pages crawled, but what would they pay for retrieving images then?

I see so much potential in this service, now that is one hell of a product there at one hell of a price - congratulations on it, I hope you do well with it!

<comment><USER5> For 4: We will be pricing data transfer at about $0.10 per GB.

Any computation done on the images would be priced at $0.03 per CPU-hour.

</comment></comment></comment></comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> This could be very useful to show how some crowed-sourcing/spec-work design contest sites are filled with ripped-off illustrations and logos. Example taking this screenshot: [http://www.thelogofactory.com/logo_blog/v5.0_images/CS- istoc...](http://www.thelogofactory.com/logo_blog/v5.0_images/CS- istock1-LDG-99designs2.jpg) From this article: [http://www.thelogofactory.com/logo_blog/index.php/anti- spec-...](http://www.thelogofactory.com/logo_blog/index.php/anti-spec-work- parable/) Gives interesting results as to where else the crab-illustration got used. (Not sure how permanent the search links to tineye are, but anyway: [http://tineye.com/search/df2783dbde7f56ccdfbcdb61460185f4096...](http://tineye.com/search/df2783dbde7f56ccdfbcdb61460185f40962c329))

</comment><comment><USER8> The firefox plugin (I found it very useful) is here :

<https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/8922>

</comment><comment><USER9> In addition to TinEye, they another image search for more loosely similar pics: very, very cool.

<http://labs.ideeinc.com/visual/>

On this page, you have to select the query image from a set they provide.

On the page linked below, you can upload your own.

<http://labs.ideeinc.com/upload/>

</comment><comment><USER10> ... but guys have you seen the TinEye widgets? i bet you haven't:<http://tineye.com/widgets/display> my favorite is the angry baby of course <http://tineye.com/widgets/display?baby>

</comment><comment><USER11> A long time ago I saw something like this on OpenClipArt. The cool thing, though, was that it provided a Java applet where you could draw what you wanted and it would try to match that. I find that more useful and awesome, though this is useful too. I know basically the same thing could happen by using Paint or something, but it's cooler in browser. Please take note of this and someone implement a feature like it.

</comment><comment><USER12> Extraordinary!

I tested both my company logos in it, and nothing came up. This means they don't infringe. :-)

</comment><comment><USER13> productised over at <http://www.ideeinc.com/products/pixid/> \-- great idea, I think.

Countdown until they're bought out by Google or similar? ...</comment>


Who Benefits From iOS 6's Crappy Maps? - <AUTHOR> http://daringfireball.net/linked/2012/09/19/ios-6-maps-dash

<comment><USER2> Over the weekend I was trying to navigate to the church of my grandmothers funeral, because I wanted to make sure I left in time so I wasn't late. Apple's new Maps kept navigating me to a church of the same name in a town that was about 120 miles away from our destination.

Even when I specifically entered in the city name, it still went to the wrong city.

The only way I could see the traffic conditions in the end was to type in the name of the mall that was within a few hundred feet of the church, so I knew it'd be almost just as accurate.

In my case, I was lucky because I was actually married in that church so I knew exactly where it was, but what if this happened to someone else? What if someone is trying to get directions, it gives them directions to the wrong location and that person is none-the-wiser?

Is there a service level agreement for using the Maps app on your iPhone? _Should_ there be?

</comment><comment><USER3> Before, I would never consider moving to Android after having used the iPhone since it came out and invested a reasonable amount of money in iOS Apps. Now, I'm considering a switch as for me, the maps app was one of the most useful things on the phone for finding my way once I had become lost, out on my bike.

Apple really has done a bad job on the maps for my area just north of London in the UK. Towns are mislabelled, villages will have their label shown while zoomed out, while larger towns won't be labeled at all on any zoom level.

Google may do well to hold out on making their maps accessible iOS6 to try and bring current previous generation iPhone users over to their operating system and its devices.

<comment><USER4> I have an iPhone 4S and I'm definitely not upgrading the OS.</comment></comment>


The Only Two Business Metrics That Matter - <AUTHOR> http://blog.scoutapp.com/articles/2011/04/13/the-only-two-business-metrics-that-matter

<comment><USER2> "Income per Employee" is a problematic metric for comparison because the confounding variables are so large (it may be useful for internal purposes). For smaller firms simple variance will dominate the rankings. Larger firms can't be compared either -- different market sectors will show different figures. Some industries are labour-intensive and that's that. Software is not one of these.

And "employee happiness" isn't a metric at all. What's the unit of measurement? What's the instrument that makes the measurement? It's not as though we can perform daily fMRIs. It's an important soft factor to keep an eye on, but it's hardly a set of numbers that can be put on a cool dashboard.</comment>


NanoServer in Windows Containers on Windows 10 - <AUTHOR> https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/windowscontainers/quick_start/quick_start_windows_10 <comment><USER2> Glad to see this making its way down. This build is super stable, probably the best one yet. Nice to be able to experiment around with containers on my surface pro 4. A bit of work right now, but power shell dsc/tooling and scripting can be used to make this more than trivial and i'm sure it will be packaged up nicer as feedback comes from the community.

Enjoying the new more open MS that lets the community see work in progress and try it out!

</comment><comment><USER3> It's pretty obvious now that every time a unfavorable news __hits HN frontpage, all of the sudden the news drops rapidly despite having most votes and engagement and another favorable news suddenly appears on the HN frontpage despite being 6 hours old and the other one being just 4 hours old.

I don't care who is behind that, but be assure it's pretty obvious.

@dang: Anyway, it seems the HN algorithms is gamed, and measures should be taken.

__[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11784337](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11784337)

<comment><USER4> > I don't care who is behind that

Lizard people.

> It's pretty obvious

Is it? Have you gathered any statistical evidence that could show this tampering?

</comment></comment><comment><USER5> Maybe someone else's ten seconds of searching will be more productive than mine...

Since Windows containers rely on Hyper-V, will I be able to run them within a Hyper-V VM?

Thank you.

<comment><USER6> In Windows 10 you can configure your Hyper-V VM to support nested virtualization, which will allow you to do this.

<comment><USER5> Excellent. Thank you, again.

</comment></comment></comment><comment><USER7> Wow all that work/configuration just to get a container running? I guess this is why Linux is winning the container wars.

On most Linux machines you can spin up a container as simply as

        sudo lxc-create -n [name] -t [template]

And start using it:

        sudo lxc-start -n [name]
        sudo lxc-attach -n [name]

<comment> UK-AL This is using docker? Did you forget to install docker?

You're comparing apple to oranges.

The equivalent of yours would just be using Windows Containers, not docker.

I suspect you are not here to provide an accurate comparison, but to shit over windows at possible opportunities.

<comment><USER8> This is lxc containers. For installation, (on Debian Jessie) if lxc isn't already installed, you'll need to `apt install lxc`. Done. [https://wiki.debian.org/LXC#Installation](https://wiki.debian.org/LXC#Installation)

Pretty sure docker is just as simple. `apt install docker.io` [https://docs.docker.com/v1.8/installation/debian/](https://docs.docker.com/v1.8/installation/debian/)</comment></comment></comment>


Bayer's Monsanto faces 8,000 lawsuits on glyphosate - <AUTHOR> https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bayer-glyphosate-lawsuits/bayers-monsanto-sued-by-8000-plaintiffs-on-glyphosate-idUSKCN1L81J0 <comment><USER2> > Nothing whatsoever has changed in the regulatory status of the product. > There is simply very high demand, and has been for many decades for > glyphosate. It is an invaluable tool for growers.

Is he saying "We don't give a fuck about cancer, we only care about money."?

<comment> 08-15 He's saying "We don't give a fuck about Dwayne Johnson, we only care about government regulations."

It is true that according to IARC, glyphosate may cause cancer. So does coffee. In Johnson's trial, the plaintiff originally alleged that the glyphosate in Roundup caused the cancer. When the defense demolished that claim using actual scientific studies, the plaintiff moved the goal posts. Maybe it's not the glyphosate, maybe it's the solvent, or the surfactant. Or it's actually a synergystic effect of all three.

Yeah, right. That's, like, a totally proven link.

<comment><USER3> > So does coffee

(credible) source please?

<comment> justin--sane [http://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Iarc- Mono...](http://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Iarc-Monographs- On-The-Evaluation-Of-Carcinogenic-Risks-To-Humans/Drinking-Coffee-Mate-And- Very-Hot-Beverages-2018)

For the IARC, inconclusive translates to probable.

</comment></comment></comment></comment><comment> village-idiot Discovery is going to be interesting.</comment>