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small mix breed
10 week old mix breed male. Mom is Pomchi, and dad is Schnauzner. Very well socialized.
Aug 23 -
CKC Miniature Schnauzer
We have one (1) female Black and Silver purebred mini schnauzer available now! Born June 23rd and UTD on all vaccines/deworming!
She's quite a card with a very large attitude and extremely social! Gets along great with other dogs and Loves Children! She's Potty Trained and eats Hills Science Diet puppy food. Sassy is the offspring of our male and has all the awesome Mini Schnauzer traits. ...
Bichon frise puppies for sale -6 weeks
Pure breed bichon frise pups for sale . We got 2 boys and 2 girls left, the pups received their first shot and have been de-wormed. If interested in owning an adorable play puppy contact me through txt or call. (509) 294-8272
AKC Shih Tzu Puppy!!
CoCo is the perfect example of the most adorable puppy ever!! He has the most beautiful face and markings! His hair is silky smooth and never tangles! He loves to cuddle and take baths and play with his brothers and sister :-) he's really good with other animals! He is AKC registered. His mom is around 7 pounds and dad is around 6 pounds. He will be up-to-date on all vaccinations and ...
Aug 22 -
AKC Yorkshire Terrier Puppy
Bourbon is the cutest little puppy you will ever see! He is super tiny and has the most adorable personality! He is very sweet but likes to be the man! He thinks he's the biggest little furball in the room! He will cuddle up next to the Bulldogs and the golden retrievers and bark at them when they try to touch his food! He loves to cuddle up next to his human mommy (me) and steal the pillow! ...
Super cute AKC Yorkshire Terrier Puppy
Astella is the most adorable and loving little Yorkie you will ever meet! She is now a little over 8 weeks old and is ready to find her new and forever loving home:) She is quit the character;) She loves to b the center of attention and is this tiny little fluff ball running around all the time but she likes to feel like she's the boss and the biggest dog anywhere! She is UTD on all ...
AKC German Shepherd
Nespelem Washington
I have 1 black and tans females. I have 3 sables (tans) 1 females and 2 male. Ready to go to their new homes. The males are 700 and females are 800. Pups have first shots, vet checkup, dewormed, clawed, and comes with a 1 ½ health contract. Message me for more info
509-978-9027 during the day
509-634-1850 after 6
Chihuahua **** price reduced *** make offer
Long hair chihuahua
Two sets of shots
Really loving and playful
Born the end of May
. make an offer
Call or text 509-989-0485
Aug 21 -
UKC ABA American Bulldog Pups
UKC/ABA American Bulldog Puppies were born on August 15, 2016! Their father Krunch, is IPO3 CH Hard Charger's Kaptain Krunch of EWK BH BST Olympic dog, SDA3, SDA5, CAL1, OFA Hips Good, NCL clear, ICH clear and their mother is EN CH WMK'S Sonya Boom Boom NW1 OFA Hips and Elbows Good, NCL clear, Patella Normal.
There are 6 males and 2 females. Male picks 4-6 are available, and second pick ...
AKC Imperial Shih Tzu Female
Mabel is a one year old Imperial Shih Tzu Female. She is super tiny at only 4lbs and very sweet. We absolutely love her, but she is just too small for our lifestyle. She has been raised with lots of little kids and other animals and is extremely friendly. We are heartbroken to have to rehome her, but it is what is best for her. She needs a home where she is the center of attention and cannot ...
AKC Yorkshire Terrier Male
Super cute AKC Yorkshire Terrier, Asher. He is from Europe, champion sired (Won every single championship worldwide he would attend!!) He is BEAUTIFUL! Very nice teeth, his knees and hips are still perfect and because it's not allowed in Europe, his tail has not been docked. He is a great stud (produced the most beautiful litters! All puppies have barely existing noses and have perfect hips ...
Aug 20 -
Akc Blue/Sable French Bulldog stud
Sparky is a Blue/Sable AKC French Bulldog stud. He breeds THE most beautiful puppies ever!! (Ask for pics of litters if ur interested) He is full AKC and is UTD on all vaccines. He is a huge cuddle bug and is great with other dogs! He has been used as a stud and can still continue to b used as a stud or get neutered and b a family man:) 3 years old. If interested or have any questions feel ...
Golden Retrievers
Hi my nickname is Echo, My brother, sister and I are looking for a new home. Our other sister is always bragging to us about how she already has a new home and we decided that we needed one too. So we asked our grandma to write to a new family to see if someone would like to adopt us.
We were born on a very special day, the 4th of July. I was born first and then came by brother Chunk, and ...
AKC Fench Bulldog Puppy, Astro
Astro is a BEAUTIFUL akc registered blue/lilac French Bulldog born (that's right!) 4th of July!! He is of show quality born to a gorgeous Blue/Lilac mama @ 22lb and an adorable Black/Tan daddy @ 18lb. Mamma is Blue with complete blue pedigree and dad is black tan with a blue, black tan and chocolate pedigree. Astro is just a one of a kind sweet heart! He is only 6 weeks old but he is already ...
F1 Labradoodle Pups!
On July 29th we welcomed 7 lovely cream and white labradoodle puppies. These are F1 puppies (50% poodle and 50% labrador). They are standard size, and will grow to be 50-60+ pounds as adults. They will be ready to go tho their new homes on September 23rd.
Mama Zuzu is a white poodle, a wonderfully sweet and attentive mother, a very kid-friendly family dog. She has OFA tested hips. ...
Aug 18 -
Adorable Bichon Yorkie Puppied for Adoption
I have four Bichon Frise and Yorkshire Terrier mix puppies that will be ready for adoption in 4 weeks. I have one girl and three boys. They were born July 18th, 2016. They will be ready for their new home September 12th. If you decide to buy, I will keep them on hold for you until the fate stated previously. Upon going home they will receive their first shots and be dewormed.
10 week Cavapoo
Male Cavapoo. Loves other puppies, dogs, and cats, great with people and kids. Listens well, trains easy. Very little barking. Very lovable, Crate trained. Potty trained to pads. He needs his forever home. He also has a sister looking for her forever home. Come take home your new family member this weekend.
You can text me 509-714-3873
Thank You
Chris Hubbard
Aug 17 -
Purebred Great Dane puppies
Purebred black Great Dane puppies with White markings 1 male 1 female $650 taking deposits of $250 now to hold the puppy of your choice which comes off of the entire price of 650 puppies will be up to date on age-appropriate warnings and shots they come with the 2-year genetic Health guarantee and lifetime breeder support
Aug 16 -
Adorable Boston Terrier Puppies - 8 Weeks on Friday
Three adorable Boston Terrier puppies will be available on Friday August 19th. Family-raised puppies are real cuddle bugs. Two brothers and one sister. They have received their first shots and well-puppy vet check.
Males - $750
Female - $850
Call or Text: 509-869-8704 (Kim) 509-294-5770 (Taren)
Aug 15 -
10 week old French chi
I have a beautiful French bulldog / chihuahua mix who's ready for her new home.
She's UTD on shots and worming.
Almost completely house broken.
Her rehoming fee is $200 to cover her vet bills, and the things she will come with.
Serious people only please.
509 919 5257
We'll be sending text message alerts for your subscription to


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Some of us – lots of us – haven't yet bought a current duck stamp. I wonder what those folks have done recently to make things better for birds. The stamp does make things better for birds. Priced at $15, it funds purchase and lease of land for national wildlife refuges and waterfowl breeding sites. The refuges support hundreds of animal and plant species, including hundreds of species of birds. Buy a stamp. It does make a difference.
What do you do with the stamp after purchase? The question assumes you aren't a waterfowl hunter who must attach the same to the hunting license. Well, with apologies to David Sibley, I attach my stamps to the cover of his identification book. I get to enjoy the beautiful artwork on the stamps, and occasionally other people see the book and perhaps are motivated to buy a stamp. Here's my copy of the Sibley book. Or, you can take something like a clear plastic baggage tag (small size), and put the stamp on or inside the tag, then fastening the tag to your binocular strap. Display of the stamp helps sales.
StarTribune.com welcomes and encourages readers to comment and engage in substantive, mutually respectful exchanges over news topics. Commenters must follow our Terms of Use.
- Keep it civil and stay on topic.
- No profanity, vulgarity, racial slurs or personal attacks.
- Comments with web links are not permitted.
- Comments that violate the above will be removed. Repeat violators may lose their commenting privileges on StarTribune.com.
Comments will be reviewed before being published.
- Niners QB Kaepernick refuses to stand for anthem in protest
- Sack cartoon: Climate clues
- After strong response, gun buyback closes early in Mpls.
- Kepler's late gaffe costs Twins in loss to Toronto
- Reusse: For starters, at least U.S. Bank Stadium has air conditioning
- Twins plan to restructure front office; new GM won't be top executive

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Three people arrested on drug charges
HAWKINS COUNTY, Tenn. - Three people face drug charges in Hawkins County, Tennessee.
The sheriff's office tells us they caught William Burton Junior selling narcotics at the Rub-A-Dub carwash in Rogersville. Deputies tell us they also arrested Michelle Gibson, saying she bought drugs from Burton. Investigators also charged Angela Albritton, who they say was a passenger in Burton's car, on accusations of having meth. They say she was released from jail two days earlier on meth possession charges.
Most Popular
- Updated Man convicted in massive crack cocaine conspiracy in northeast Tennessee
- Updated One escaped inmate from Hawkins County captured
- Authorities search for violent, dangerous escaped inmate
- Shop sells shirts to raise $40K for fallen officer's family
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Hotels in Rotorua
Search all hotels in Rotorua
Trending now in Rotorua
- Most bookedNovotel Rotorua Lakeside
129 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Great room, great facilities. Atlas restaurant was very average for the price. Pity about the 4am fire alarm followed by the 5:30am fire alarm - "
A Traveller, Aug 2016, AU
112 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Hotel was ideally situated with great free parking. Although we arrived late at night the receptionist was very welcoming and we were all booked in within minutes with no hassle at all."
A Traveller, Jun 2016, GB
80 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Great locality and staff great rooms and the spa was great"
A Traveller, Aug 2016, AU
65 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"A group of us stayed at this hotel for 1 night and we were very pleased with the spacious rooms and 2 queen beds layout where both bed and pillows were comfortable to sleep in. Bathroom was the weakest point as in one of the rooms we had, there was a musty smell from the shower curtains which cau..."
A Traveller, Aug 2016, AU
60 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Room was nice and tidy, bed was comfy, nice size room for an overnight stay but not a lot of room if you were going to stay for a few night. Glad to be able to watch the rugby but every channel was a tad snowy. Overall though it was a nice stay."
A Traveller, Aug 2016, AU
40 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Great location with cosy warm rooms (we stayed during winter). Highly recommend it!"
A Traveller, Aug 2016, NZ
24 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"We arrived early and our room was ready. The owners were very attentive and helpful. The beds were comfortable and the room was very clean with all the amenities we needed. Location was also central to the activities we wanted to do."
A Traveller, Aug 2016, US
19 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"easy access and reasonably quiet from traffic. Nothing much to report other than the facilities need an audit of the kitchen and cooking appliances, new range or oven would be helpful, kitchen is clumsily arranged."
A Traveller, Jul 2016, AU
18 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"Only one bed available. I have to pay extra $25 for another bed. not suitable for two man to stay. good for couple."
A Traveller, Jul 2016, AU
10 people looked at this hotel in the last hour
Most recent review
"We enjoyed our stay,pillows were a bit hard,only complaint."
A Traveller, Jun 2016, NZ
Map of hotels in Rotorua
- Lake Rotorua
- Polynesian Spa
- Redwoods Whakarewarewa Forest
- Skyline Rotorua
- Tamaki Maori Village
- Whakarewarewa Thermal Reserve
- Te Puia New Zealand Maori Arts and Crafts Institute
- Rotorua Museum
- Rotorua Arts Village
- Rainbow Springs Kiwi Wildlife Park
- Rotorua Hospital
- Blue Baths
- Government Gardens
- Off Road NZ
- Tama-te-Kapua Meeting House
- Rotorua Golf Club
- Rotorua International Stadium
- Agrodome
- Mount Ngongotaha
- Springfield Golf Club
What you should know about Rotorua
Are you looking for a cheap Rotorua hotel, a 5 star Rotorua hotel or a family friendly Rotorua hotel? You just landed in the best site to find the best deals and offers on the most amazing accommodations for your stay.
When you search for hotels near Rotorua with Hotels.com, you need to first check our online map and see the distance you will be from Rotorua, New Zealand.
Our maps are based on hotel search and display areas and neighborhoods of each hotel so you can see how close you are from Rotorua and refine your search within Rotorua or New Zealand based on closest public transportation, restaurants and entertainment so you can easily get around the city. All the hotels details page show an option for free or paid onsite parking.
If you wish to see the hotels with the highest featuring discounts and deals near Rotorua, simply filter by price/ average nightly rate. We recommend you filter by star rating and read our genuine guest reviews so you can get the best quality hotel with the best discount.
One of the new features on Hotels.com guest reviews is that also show reviews from Expedia for Rotorua hotels and the TripAdvisor Rotorua hotels reviews so you can make sure that you checking with a reliable source. See the review scores on our Rotorua hotel information pages.
Make the most out of your family vacation when you book your accommodation with Hotels.com – book your hotel near Rotorua, Rotorua after reviewing the facilities and amenities listed for each hotel.
After booking your hotel near Rotorua, expect to receive your reservation confirmation in the mail in less than 10 minutes. The confirmation email contains more information on all nearby attractions, local directions and weather forecast, so you can better plan the days during your trip.
After getting the best hotel rates you can still save more by winning 1 free night! That's right, book 10 nights in any hotel near Rotorua, Rotorua and after you sign up for the Welcome Rewards program, you are eligible hotel you receive 1 night free*
The best hotel deals are here: We have Rotorua hotel deals, Rotorua last minute deals and offers to get you the cheapest Rotorua hotel with our lowest price guarantee.
Rotorua travel guides
Where to stay in Rotorua – an area guide
Wherever you decide to stay around Rotorua, there will be a room or camping pitch to suit your needs...
A Rotorua shopping guide – where to shop and what to buy
Whether you shop in Rotorua or search for souvenirs in Taupo or Mount Maunganui, there are plenty of...
Where to eat in Rotorua – a food and dining guide
Restaurants in Rotorua can satisfy any craving, whether you're after cracking pub grub or more exoti...


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Presidio Heights Printers Screen Printing
1. Tee Express
Serving the San Francisco Area.
From Business: Through our online store, you have the gratification of creating your own designs with our easy to use design lab interface. Powerful yet simple, the design tools w…
2. Established by Creators Screen Printing
215 Brighton AveSan Francisco, CA 94112
3. Payam's Mobile Notary & Loan Signing Agent
1075 SKYLINE DRDaly City, CA 94080
From Business: P & F Screen Printing Company is a family-owned business with more than fifteen years of experience in the Screen Printing industry. Located at Industrial Park, Sou…
4. Bloom Screen Printing Company
2310 Telegraph AveOakland, CA 94612
5. Adams Precision Screen Printing Inc.
704 Whitney StSan Leandro, CA 94577
From Business: Adams Precision Screen Printing, Inc. is your full service company for high quality silkscreen printing, painting, artwork and typography. With nearly fifty years o…
6. Merch Monster Screen Printing
850 42nd Ave. Suite L6Oakland, CA 94601
7. Print Creations
20906 Corsair BlvdHayward, CA 94545
8. Bay Area Screen Print
712 2nd AveCrockett, CA 94525
9. G & B Supply & Screen Printing
181 Hartz AveDanville, CA 94526
10. Fancy Fox Customs Embroidery and Silkscreen Pittsburgh
Serving the San Francisco Area.
From Business: Owned by Fox's Pizza Den, Inc. we have over 20 years in the screen printing and embroidery service business. We strive for quality production at competitive pricing…
11. My Trick Pony
Serving the San Francisco Area.
12. ARC Document Solutions
981 Mission StSan Francisco, CA 94103
13. Clockwork Productions
1086 Howard StSan Francisco, CA 94103
14. Morrison Productions
70 Ringold StSan Francisco, CA 94103
15. Image Reproduction
110 Sutter St Ste 408San Francisco, CA 94104
16. Cobalt Industries
540 Alabama St Suite 320San Francisco, CA 94110
17. Babylon Burning Screen Printing
My company had a big San Francisco outing and we wanted t-shirts made with our logo on the front. We ordered about 20 shirts and they turned out pe…
18. Morrison Productions
2650 21st StSan Francisco, CA 94110
19. AP Industries
328 Bocana StSan Francisco, CA 94110
20. Marque Press
661 Tennessee StSan Francisco, CA 94107
21. Triple Tree
888 Illinois StSan Francisco, CA 94107
22. Ashbury Images
1661 Tennessee St Ste 3GSan Francisco, CA 94107
From Business: Ashbury Images in San Francisco provides quality screen printed and embroidered apparel and custom-designed promotional products. 100% of proceeds fund employing an…
23. City Screen & Graphics
1955 Carroll AveSan Francisco, CA 94124
24. Triple Tree
1485 Bay Shore BlvdSan Francisco, CA 94124
25. Ossy's Screen Printing
1081 Quesada AveSan Francisco, CA 94124
26. Starfish Inc
410 Talbert StDaly City, CA 94014
27. Quick Hit Screen Printing
211 87th StDaly City, CA 94015
28. TNT Screen Printing
Great place to get your custom shirts printed. I got shirts for my racing team and these guy's delivered quality garments with a a detailed imprint …
29. Silkworks
2200 Adeline St Ste 140Oakland, CA 94607
30. Annex Screen Print Inc
430 N Canal St Ste 22South San Francisco, CA 94080


text:
Ask.com's CEO Jim Lanzone issued a statement explaining the new campaign that includes the intriguing ad copy:
The Algorithm Constantly Finds Jesus.
"Ask.com has launched an advertising campaign focused on 'The Algorithm.' The goal is to incite a consumer conversation around the importance of a search engine's algorithm and its integral role in making one engine different from another, Lanzone said.
'The Algorithm' is the single most important ingredient that determines the relevance of search results, yet its impact on the overall search experience is taken for granted by most consumers. At Ask.com, we feel that in order to drive consumer awareness and use of our engine, it is important to highlight the uniqueness of our algorithm, which takes a different approach to ranking than our competitors. The Ask.com algorithm's relevance methodology goes beyond the popularity focus of Google, Yahoo and MSN's, and is the only one to break the Web down into topic clusters and determine community-based relevance in real time."
Related reading
Q&A: ESPforMe's Scott Rummler on how the future of search may all be in your mind
What do you imagine is the future of search?
Online-only retailers are growing faster than multichannels
New research show a disparity in sales growth between pure-play online retailers and their multichannel counterparts.
Five most important search marketing news stories of the week
Welcome to our weekly round-up of all the latest news and research from around the world of search marketing and beyond.
Quiz: Can you decipher these 25 marketing and business buzzwords?
Action these learnings while going forward, my most synergised thought-leader...


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I had scratches all down my car from a car wash these guys got every scratch out u can't even tell there was a scratch I'm so happy
Waterford Automobile Detailing
1. O.M.G Auto Spa and Mobile Detailing
5690 Williams Lake RdWaterford, MI 48329
From Business: OMG! Auto Spa and Mobile Detailing is a Mobile Detailing service in Waterford, MI and serving Wolverine Lake, Commerce Township, Union Lake, Walled Lake, Wixom, Mil…
2. Do Moore Auto detailing
I had scratches all down my car from a car wash these guys got every scratch out u can't even tell there was a scratch I'm so happy
3. Auto Shine
456 Grixdale LnWaterford, MI 48328
4. Dynamic Wholesale
71 S Cass Lake Rd STE BWaterford, MI 48328
From Business: We are a veteran owned and operated used car dealership in Waterford, MI. We offer guaranteed financing and wholesale discounts.
5. Waterworks Carwash
7020 Cooley Lake RdWaterford, MI 48327
6. Forster's Autowash
7295 Highland RdWaterford, MI 48327
7. Forster Car Wash
I have been going to this place for several years and I have always been treated well and given great service. All the guys are gentleman. The price…
8. Imperial Soft Cloth Auto Wash
Been going there for years and love this place! Great group of people and the owners rock!
9. Sparkle Car Wash
3840 Elizabeth Lake RdWaterford, MI 48328
10. Wax On Wheels Mobile Detailing
4990 fiddle avewaterford, MI 48328
11. Forsters Auto Wash
4379 Dixie HwyWaterford, MI 48329
4289 W Walton BlvdWaterford, MI 48329
13. Almont Car Wash
3767 Elizabeth Lake RdWaterford, MI 48328
14. U D Us Svc
3456 Highland RdWaterford, MI 48328
15. A 1 Auto LTD
3565 Elizabeth Lake RdWaterford, MI 48328
16. Kelly Carwash
3456 Highland RdWaterford, MI 48328
17. Pence Precision Polishing
3270 Whitfield DrWaterford, MI 48329
18. Maaco Collision Repair & Auto Painting
I had my whole car painted to repair cosmetic damages. These guys did a great job and it's not easy to please me! I got the 2nd best paint cause the…
19. Oakland Custom Detail Service
7920 Andersonville RdClarkston, MI 48346
20. Underground Customs
446 Cesar E Chavez AvePontiac, MI 48342
21. True Delta
2239 Hidden Lake DrWest Bloomfield, MI 48324
22. Soft-Line Auto Wash Inc
I use to work there when it use to be the real soft line. the new owner fired everybody
23. All Things Automotive
212 W Sheffield AvePontiac, MI 48340
From Business: Family owned, friendly and honest service provided at the most resonable costs, we offer automotive, boat and aircraft detailing. Car customizing, audio and more!!!
24. Pine Knob Car Wash
4782 Sashabaw RdClarkston, MI 48346
25. Platimun Detail and Accessories
293 W Walton BlvdPontiac, MI 48340
26. Detail Express IncServices
3091 Orchard Lake RdKeego Harbor, MI 48320
27. Paul's AutomotiveServices
I have been coming here for about 7 years now and they do great automotive work. They have kept my daughter's car running and it has been an old ca…
28. Wax On Wheels Mobile Detailing
3109 Old Farm LnCommerce Township, MI 48390
29. Big Brown's Auto Detailing Center
6791 Dixie HwyClarkston, MI 48346
30. Excel Mobile Detail
3331 Newton RdCommerce Township, MI 48382
They did a amazing job same day service my car has never loooked better highly recommend these guys


text:
Virginia Saves in Northern Virginia
2nd Annual America Saves Essay Contest
Alexandria and Arlington high school students wrote about their experience with saving money for our America Saves Week essay contest. They answered the following questions regarding Self-Motivation and Delayed Gratification for Saving:
- What is something you saved for and why?
- How did you motivate yourself to save for a future purchase?
- What other purchases/opportunities did you forgo to achieve your goal?
Students competed for the following prizes, made possibly by America Saves, Arlington Community Federal Credit Union and CommonWealth One Federal Credit Union:
- 1st place = $650
- 2nd place = $400
- 3rd place = $200
Virginia Cooperative Extension (the City of Alexandria & Arlington) will unveil the winners on Thursday, February 25th, 2016 at Fairlington Community Center in Arlington. The ceremony starts at 7:00 p.m.* The community center is at 3308 S Stafford Street, and the center has a small parking lot.
*Winners do not have to be present to win. Winners must complete a W9 form to receive prizes, prizes will be mailed and may take up to a month to receive check in the mail.
Thank You to Our Program Sponsors:
Contact Us
Northern Virginia Saves
Campaign Coordinator
Meggan Orenstein
3308 S. Stafford Street
Arlington, VA 22206
Recent Blog Entries View all »
How to use the envelope budget system
The first step to spending less and saving more is to know exactly where all of your money goes each month. But there are many ways to create a budget and stick to it. So how do you know what system is the best? I've always felt that it's whatever one you stick to the longest, whether it's high-tech, low-tech, linked to your credit card, or something you input manually.Read more...
Too much debt? Here's who to turn to for help
Are you in too much debt? Think hard before you answer that question. We vastly underestimate or underreport our debt, according to Nerdwallet's study of household credit card debt. In fact, our average debt is a shocking 155 percent more than the balances we report.Read more...
Yes, you can save $1 million by the time you retire
Most young adults don't buy into the idea that they will be able to save $1 million by the time they retire, according to a recent Wells Fargo study on millennials. And just six in ten of that same group have even started tackling saving for retirement.Read more...


text:
What are the ingredients of nicotine polacrilex lozenges and gum?
- Asked
- 11 Aug 2009 by mike mcmullen
- Active
- 13 Aug 2009
- Topics
- nicotine
Responses (1)
Active Ingredients in each lozenge:
Nicotine Polacrilex, 4mg (Stop smoking aid)
Inactive Ingredients:
Aspartame, [ 6.8 mg ]
Calcium Polycarbophil,
Magnesium Stearate,
Potassium Bicarbonate,
Sodium Alginate,
Sodium Carbonate,
Xanthan Gum
Couldn't find the gum ingredients, did find nicorette gum if this helps.
The ingredients should be listed in the back of the packet. Check with your pharmacist.
Nicorette mint gum
Inactive Ingredients:
Gum base,
magnesium oxide,
peppermint oil,
sodium bicarbonate,
sodium carbonate,
xylitol, [ sweetener, also in citrus flavor -- Original flavor uses
sorbitol ]
D&C yellow #10
Further Information
- Nicotine Information for Consumers
- Nicotine Information for Healthcare Professionals (includes dosage details)
- Side Effects of Nicotine (detailed)
Search for questions
Still looking for answers? Try searching for what you seek or ask your own question.
Similar Questions
Addicted to nicotine gum, are there any health risks?
Posted 15 May 2012 • 1 answer
Is nicotine polacrilex harmful to me if I use it longer than 12 weeks?
Posted 24 Mar 2013 • 2 answers
Nicotine gum caused me to have mouth blisters... why?
Posted 12 Apr 2013 • 1 answer
Storing Medicine - Does Tempurature really matter?
Posted 2 May 2014 • 2 answers
Have been off cigarettes for 143 days, but still pop one or two nicotine lozenges per day. Danger?
Posted 3 Jul 2016 • 0 answers


text:
Pricing Table Builder - Easy Pricing Tables Lets You Create A Beautiful, Responsive Pricing Table In 2 Minutes. No Coding Required.
easy-pricing-tables.zip) to the
/wp-content/plugins/ directory
Requires: 3.6 or higher
Compatible up to: 4.6.0
Last Updated: 4 weeks ago
Active Installs: 30,000+
8 of 10 support threads in the last two months have been marked resolved.
Got something to say? Need help?


text:
The real estate market presents you with a great chance to make a profit if you have money to invest. The best way to do this is to find a home, buy it, make some changes and then sell it. If you get it right, you should be able to make a healthy profit. It's a good way of investing your money if you want to do something that is [ Read More ]
Archive for the 'Financial Planning' Category
Secure old age: Of course money is not everything in life and no happiness or peace is achieved by thoughts of money. Having said so, it is also not a point to ignore that money does play a very vital role in human life. When the financial life is put at a comfortable level, then all the rest of all the problems in life can be sorted out easily. When [ Read More ]
Considering a new credit card can be exciting, but also a lot of work. There are so many things to consider before you swipe a plastic card at check-out. Along with the extra hidden fees and the legal jargon of many credit card policies, it can be difficult to examine each card's merits and downsides. Therefore, we have some helpful tips and hints to follow the next time you want [ Read More ]
If you are debt free, have a budget that works and have savings put away, investing your money seems like next logical step. You may think that only people who have extensive incomes and a high powered job can invest their money. But this is not the case. Anybody can start investing their money and it's not as elitist as you may think it is. It can be very overwhelming [ Read More ]
The mind of average trader at XFR Financial Ltd is not trained enough for surviving in forex market, so software is required.
It is possible to make a healthy profit, and even a substantial living, by trading foreign currencies, but it is important that you develop a trading strategy and that you have the right mind-set. Always ensure that you invest, rather than bet, and that you are prepared for short term loss in the pursuit of long term profits. Although there are many skills that the successful Forex trader will display, [ Read More ]
CFD (contract for difference) trading is gaining momentum and becoming one of the most preferred and rewarding markets in today's world. Modern technology enables anybody with a computer and internet connection to join this trading. Another factor contributing to its popularity is that this market remains open around the clock because when one of the foremost stock exchanges closes for the day, another in a different country opens up. So, [ Read More ]
> In order to keep up with rapid changes in the world of treasury and risk management, corporate treasurers and their organizations have needed to shift with the times, especially when it comes to technology. To do so, they've recalibrated their focuses and new trends have occurred. Here are the five top trends for 2015. More User-Friendly Applications When it comes to applications being designed intuitively, treasury systems have lagged [ Read More ]
In the UK, being a business owner has its own diverse set of challenges. And any business owner would be quick to point out that one of these challenges is running your business payroll. The task of running your business payroll requires a vast amount of time and effort, particularly now that HMRC has imposed its RTI, or real-time information requirements. So the main question now is: how can you [ Read More ]
In order to have your financial house in the right way, you will have to manage all aspects of your finances expertly. There are a number of things you have to keep up with in regards to your finances and among the most important is your tax returns. For some people, trying to prepare their own taxes seem like a good idea, but usually this does not pan out very [ Read More ]


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K-Salaam & Beatnick Release Common Remix Album
Posted 7 years ago by richard
Tags: K-Salaam & Beatnick, Common,
New York, NY -- K-Salaam & Beatnick, the up-and-coming production duo who caught DJBooth.net's attention with their remixes of classic records by veteran rapper Common, Today, the two are back in the Booth with a brand new, full-length album of Common remixes. Entitled S.T.O.R.Y. (Stories Told Over Remixed Years), the project should be music to the ears of Common fans and production gurus alike.
Download S.T.O.R.Y. Here
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|Boxing Champions | Boxing Schedule | Boxing Video | Boxing History | Pound For Pound | Lounge | The Wire | Arcade
Big Bad Booty Daddy
Join Date: Sep 2003
Location: New York
Posts: 20,877
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Comments Thread For: Zab Judah on Facing Danny Garcia, Training Camp, More
With his challenge of WBA/WBC junior welterweight champion Danny Garcia now a month away, Zab Judah continues to push forward with his training camp in Las Vegas at the UFC Gym.
Fighting in his hometown, as he will be facing Garcia inside of the Barclays Center in Brooklyn, New York, the 35-year old Judah seems to be relishing the chance to pull off an upset over one of boxings rising stars. [Click Here To Read More]
Join Date: Jul 2012
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Zab is my favorite fighter. The fact that you never know which Zab is going to show up is exciting. And his longevity and accomplishments, even recently when he had the IBF title after moving back down to 140. All of it. i admit i liked him more as a thug. But im still down with the new Zab. He entertains me like no other fighter.
El Weeblerito I
Join Date: Dec 2007
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Also a Judah fan, hope he can do it on Feb 9th.
Most Definitely
Join Date: Jan 2008
Location: From the beaches of F.L.A. to the mountains of W.A.
Age: 33
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At least he is admitting that mental toughness is important as that has always been his downfall.
Neck Mohican
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Some good feedback from Zab, although I wouldn't be bragging about the "win" over Lucas. A lot of folks felt Lucas should have got the decision in that fight, including myself.
Join Date: Jul 2012
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Hope Zab get the vic
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Garcia is going to be the new headliner at Barclay if he knocks zab out cold which I'm sure he will dont see what zab can bring to the table at this age and Lucas really beat zab we all know that
Join Date: Jan 2011
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I think Judah may be able to pull this one out,he has the skill...but more then likely he will start out out boxing Garcia,get caught with a good shot then go into a shell for the rest of the fight and lose
Undisputed champion
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Zab is getting stopped probably around the 7th because Garcia is a slow starter.
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Star Tracks
Klum and her daughter spend the afternoon out in L.A. Plus: Robert Downey, Jr., Naomi & Liev, Rebel Wilson and more
Credit: Splash News Online
Updated: Monday Jan 07, 2013 | 06:00 AM EST
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This property allows you to book online with a credit card. After submitting a reservation request, the owner or manager has 24 hours to accept, at which time your card will be charged and you will receive an email confirmation
3 BR 1 BA Sleeps 6$115 avg/night4 night min stay
4 BR 2.5+ BA Sleeps 8$171 avg/night3-4 night min stay
4 BR 2 BA Sleeps 8$165 avg/night3-4 night min stay
4 BR 3 BA Sleeps 12$250 avg/night3 night min stay
3 BR 2.5 BA Sleeps 7$83 avg/night3-4 night min stay
4 BR 2 BA Sleeps 14$150 avg/night3 night min stay
3 BR 2 BA Sleeps 6$120 avg/night4 night min stay
Recent Puerto Rico reviews
"Condo in Marbella Club at Palmas der Mar was beautiful, great layout, spacious, very nicely furnished and decorated, exceptionally cleaned, well-maintained, fully-stocked with kitchen apparatus, tourist information/guides and beach necessities. Rental was truly home away from home. The grounds were perfectly manicured and gave us a sense of tranquility and security upon our return every evening, everything was so true to it's pictures and description. Favorite memory of whole trip, sitting in balcony every morning, drinking coffee while enjoying a mesmerizing view, listening/feeling to sounds of crashing waves and palm trees. Only drawback was beach, so close to us was not safe for swimming, we had been forewarned by family members of strong undercurrent, however no worries, there was a very nice beach in close proximity. Recommendations for future guests would be directions to actual condo, not just Palmas der Mar and more accessibility for someone with disability in the shower and toilet room. Thank you Kathy for all your help and to Al & Eileen for making such a beautiful place available, we really appreciated questions being answered before our arrival. We will definitely recommend rental to friends and family visiting Puerto Rico and plan to return in the future ourselves."Guest: Marianela S. Date of Stay: June 2016 Review Submitted: July 4, 2016View listing
"Just returned from 6 days at this wonderful property and wishing we were still there! The house and apartment were clean and beautifully decorated. The setup was especially great for us as two couples traveling together. The beds were very comfortable and the air conditioning in the bedrooms appreciated. The gazebo and hammocks were our favorite places to hang out. We took a day trip to El Yunque Nat'l Park to see the rainforest, the Kiosks in Luquillo for amazing Puerto Rican food and to Cabo San Lunas for a Bio Bay kayak trip. Also took a day to visit The Pork Highway in Cayey for AMAZING roast hog. There is so much to do on this end of the island there's no way to fit everything in! You really do need water shoes here...the beach is filled with rocks and coral. Found lots of beautiful shells and sea glass. There were quite a few sea urchins but they were fairly easy to spot when you were walking in the shallows. There isn't really a good area to swim but the snorkeling is fantastic! Even saw two lobster hanging out in the rocks 😀 The kitchen was well stocked with dishes and appliances but only salt was provided as a pantry item. You may need to stock up on spices and basics. There are grocery stores and a walmart not far away. We had such a fantastic time here and we highly recommend it to anyone looking for an out of the way adventure! Wish there was a way to share pictures on here!! Mary, Brian, Todd and Kerri"Guest: Mary H. Date of Stay: March 2016 Review Submitted: March 17, 2016View listing
"This house was everything everyone has said and more. We had plenty of space for 2 adults and 4 teenagers. The location is just right, not too far from everything, whether you are traveling east or west. And the beach was spectacular. Every time we went down (a one minute walk), we had the place to ourselves. Diane was a lovely host. She gave us recommendations for restaurants and activities. She checked in with us by texting and answered any questions we had. Plus there are three binders with recommendations and reviews of area restaurants and activies from previous renters. That was extremely helpful. All the beach toys were great: masks and snorkels, paddle board, kayak and more for big kids and little ones along with bikes. The kitchen is small but fully stocked with everything you need to make a great meal and there is a gas grill. There are several grocery stores nearby. Take advantage of the roadside stands for fresh mangos and pineapples. We even grilled some of the pineapple. Yum. We had a wonderful time in Puerto Rico and this house added the extra "wow" factor I wanted for our family vacation. I would highly recommend this property and Diane to anyone looking for the perfect place to stay. We would definitely stay here again."Guest: Tara G. Date of Stay: August 2016 Review Submitted: August 25, 2016View listing
"This a great condo right on the beach. The owner has it stocked with everything you need. The bed linens were luxurious and comfortable and everything was very clean. They have a double parking space under the building - very convenient. The Wyndham hotel next door was very busy because of the holiday season but the pools and beach in front of the condo were never crowded. Plenty of chairs were available. (And nice beach towels in the condo too!) The hotel had an absolutely incredible fireworks display for New Year's Eve. They also had a $155/ person party. As this was a family trip with a child, we opted for dinner in the hotel at Shima and watched the fireworks from the condo balcony. Service and food at the hotel restaurants: Shima - excellent, Marbella - horrible, Palio - great food, horrible service, Coffee bar - great pastries, long lines. Antijotes Restaurant(at the bottom of the hill as you leave the resort) was very good - try the Mofongo. Baleaneario Monserratte beach at Liquillo was fun - dine at the Kioskos. We also went horseback riding through the rain forest at Carballo's and zip lining at Jungleaqui - both nearby and highly recommended. Super fun trip and we hope to return!"Guest: Janis1 Date of Stay: December 2015 Review Submitted: January 6, 2016View listing
Featured Destinations: The Villages, Rosemary Beach, Destin Condo Rentals, Amelia Island, Myrtle Beach, Outer Banks


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'Transformers: Age of Extinction' Reveals Official Plot, New Film Will Be 'Less Goofy'
The official plot for "Transformers: Age of Extinction" has been revealed. Director Michael Bay also dishes on the direction he's taking for the upcoming fourth installment of the "Transformers" movie franchise, which sees an entirely new human cast ensemble.
"Earth is scarred by the events of the past three movies, but is moving on after all the giant robots disappeared," reads an article on Empire magazine. "Cade Yeager, an inventor, discovers a buried Transformer which sets the stage for the return of the rest of the Transformers."
The mag's latest issue offers the first look at Optimus Prime as the Autobot leader graces its front page. A series of set pictures are featured on the spread inside. They see the likes of Bay, BumbleBee, Mark Wahlberg, Jack Reynor, and Nicola Peltz.
Yahoo! has also dropped by the movie's set. During the visit, the director spills, "I wanted the first Transformers to be very suburban and less cool." He adds, "This is a much more cinematic one. I focused on keeping this one slick. There won't be any goofiness in this one. We went a bit too goofy [on the last one]."
Despite the updated robots and the fresh cast members, Bay insists "reboot" is not the right word to describe the movie. "It feels like a new chapter, this movie," he reasons. "But it's not a reboot. This movie lives in the history of the 'Transformers' movies, and this one starts three years after the last. It feels fresh."
The film will be released in the United States on June 27, 2014 in 3D. Wahlberg plays Yeager, replacing Shia LaBeouf's Sam Witwicky. Peltz is cast as his daughter and Reynor is her love interest, while Kelsey Grammer tackles the villainous role.
The newly-announced plot sounds similar to the one revealed by Michigan Film Office but then denied by Paramount. "As humanity picks up the pieces, following the conclusion of 'Transformers: Dark of the Moon', Autobots and Decepticons have all but vanished from the face of the planet."
"However, a group of powerful, ingenious businessman and scientists attempt to learn from past Transformer incursions and push the boundaries of technology beyond what they can control - all while an ancient, powerful Transformer menace sets Earth in his crosshairs. The epic adventure and battle between good and evil, freedom and enslavement ensues."
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Jun 13, 2006
|Filing date
|Sep 20, 1996
|Priority date
|Sep 20, 1996
|Fee status
|Publication number
|David D. Mundschenk
|Original Assignee
|Mundschenk David D
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (18), Non-Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (44), Classifications (13), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is filed under 37 USC 371 based on PCT Application No. PCT/US96/15596 filed Sep. 20, 1996.
The present invention relates to topical and other hygiene formulations, and to aerosol devices useful for the delivery of such formulations in the form of lathers and foams. In another aspect, the invention relates to formulations useful in the oral cavity, such as dentifrices containing hydrogen peroxide. In yet another aspect, the invention relates to the pharmacological use of surfactants such as anionic surfactants, and in particular sodium lauryl sulfate. In a further aspect the invention relates to topical and other hygiene formulations containing natural sea water.
Delivery Devices.
Formulations such as cosmetics and pharmaceuticals can be dispensed in a wide variety of vehicles and forms, including powders, capsules, liquids, aerosols, and the like. In particular, the delivery of formulations by the aerosol route is generally considered to take one of three forms: (1) the use of "space sprays", such as spray insecticides and air fresheners, which produce very fine sprays capable of evaporating rapidly or floating in the air; (2) the use of sprays such as hair sprays and deodorants, that are intended for continuous film formation; and (3) the use of aerated foams, such as shaving creams, which are produced by the rapid expansion of a propellant through an emulsion.
A variety of dispensers have been described for the purpose of delivering formulations of these various types. See, e.g., H. Mintzer, "Aerosols", Chapter 10 in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms-Disperse Systems, Marcel Dekker, Inc. pp. 204–220 (1989). Aerosols for oral and nasal therapy are generally said to incorporate medicaments as solids suspended in a propellant. More recent advances in valve and propellant technology are said to provide improved delivery to the throat and nasal areas. Formulations delivered in aerosol form by the use of such devices can often include the use of surfactants. For instance, surfactants are commonly used in nebulizer vehicles to decrease surface tension and thus affect particle size (Mintzer, above, p. 206).
Yet other types of aerosol containers, pressurized with nitrogen, have been used to dispense toothpaste through a dip tube and foam-style valve. For a variety of reasons, however, such containers have not been commercially successful. See, e.g., D. Garlen, "Toothpastes", Chapter 14, pp. 511–532 in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms-Disperse Systems, Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1989. As a result, various forms of "pump" dispensers have been developed for delivering toothpaste, the pumps relying on the use of a spring device to force the toothpaste out of a spout.
On a separate subject, a large number of surfactants, including sodium lauryl sulfate ("SLS"), have been widely used and found safe in a variety of cosmetic products, including dentrifices. See, e.g., "Surfactants in Oral Hygiene Products", pp. 299–347 in Surfactants in Cosmetics, M. Reiger ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1985.
As of 1992, SLS itself was present in over 500 oral solid dosage forms approved by the FDA, as well as in 11 oral liquid dosage forms, 38 topical creams, lotions, ointments, medicates sponges or shampoos, and 28 dentrifices. CRC Handbook of Food, Drug and Cosmetic Excipients, S. Smolinske, pp. 359–362 (1992). The usefulness of sodium lauryl sulfate as a synthetic detergent in toothpaste has been studied in a recent article by P. Barkvoll. ("Should toothpastes foam? Sodium lauryl sulfate—a toothpaste detergent in focus", Norske Tannlaegeforenings Tidende 99(3)82–4 (1989)).
U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,657,758 and 4,666,708, for instance, describe dental rinses for loosening plaque and preventing plaque build-up. The rinses described in both patents rely on the detersive effect of oral surfactants. The '708 patent describes the use of SLS as one such oral surfactant, and further describes its function as a "potentiator" for other ingredients. In the Examples, patients were instructed to use one tablespoon of various rinses. Such rinse products, which are commercially available under the brand name "Plax", are typically swirled in the mouth in order to produce a weak foaming action.
Chemical Agents.
On yet another subject, there exist a number of useful chemical agents that, for one reason or another, have not previously been prepared in the form of a foamable composition, or delivered in the form of a foam or aerosol spray.
Natural sea water, for instance, has long been thought to provide certain desirable, including healing, qualities. See, for instance, Richard Russel, A Dissertation on the use of Sea Water in the Diseases of the Glands: Particularly the Scurvy. Jaundice. King's Evil, Leprosy and the Glandular Consumption, Preface (pages i–xii), (1769). Rarely, however, is sea water packaged and used for such purposes. This may be due to the present inability of the art to reproducibly prepare and package sea water in a stable form suitable for such use.
Hydrogen peroxide, for instance, is a common ingredient in mouthwashes and gargles. (See, e.g., "Mouthwashes and Gargles", p. 1680, in American Hospital Formulary Services—Drug Information 1992, G. McEvoy et al. eds., American Society of Hospital Pharmacists). Hydrogen peroxide functions as a weak antibacterial agent, a wound cleanser and a deodorant. It also serves a mechanical effect of effervescence and resultant removal of tissue and other debris.
When used as an oral topical, however, hydrogen peroxide is typically administered in the form of a concentrate, solution, or gel. The product is used for cleansing minor wounds, or minor gum inflammation resulting from dental procedures, orthodontic applications, denture irritations, accidental injury and other mouth and gum irritations (e.g., canker sores).
Such beneficial uses of hydrogen peroxide include its use as an oral germicide, cleansing agent and hemostat. It is considered a useful disinfectant for mucous membranes because of its low toxicity. See, e.g., Zinner. D. D., et. al.; Controlled Study of the Clinical Effectiveness of A New Oxygen Gel on Plaque. Oral Debris and Gingival inflammation, Pharmacol. Ther. Dent., October 1970, 1:7–15.
Dental products such as "MentaDent", which was recently introduced by Chesebrough-Ponds, relies on the use of hydrogen peroxide. The commercial product identifies related U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,687,663, 4,964,539, 5,020,694, 5,038,963, 5,059,417, and Design patent No. D 315,496. Such patents relate variously to the use of a hydrogen peroxide component with a second component containing sodium bicarbonate; to a dentifrice composition containing, inter alia, hydrogen peroxide and a polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymer; to multi-cavity or multi-chamber dispensing containers; and to a design for a dispensing container.
SLS and hydrogen peroxide have, on occasion, been used together in formulations for the oral cavity. See, for instance, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,104,644 and 5,174,990 (mouthrinse), U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,084,268 and 5,208,010 (tooth whitening dentifrice).
An application previously filed naming the present inventor, and having U.S. Ser. No. 08/218,796, filed Mar. 28, 1994, discloses a system for delivering a chemical agent-containing formulation in the form of a foam, the system comprising a propellantless dispenser containing a foamable formulation comprising the chemical agent in the form of a solution or stable suspension and an aqueous solution of an anionic surface active agent as a foaming agent. Applicant has since found that such dispensers are less preferred, and in many cases unsuitable for such purposes, for a variety of reasons. These reasons include the fact that such dispensers are often subject to mechanical failure, particularly when subjected to agitation or external pressure changes, resulting in the production of inadequate foams.
As a result there continue to be few, if any, instances of the use of devices for the aerosol delivery of formulations to the oral cavity in the form of foams, particularly for formulations that incorporate hydrogen peroxide or sea water, or formulations for use in the oral cavity.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a system useful for delivering chemical agent-containing formulations in the form of foams or sprays. In particular, the invention provides a system for delivering a chemical agent-containing formulation in the form of a foam or spray, the system comprising an aerosol dispenser containing a formulation comprising the chemical agent in the form of a solution or stable suspension and an aqueous solution of an anionic surface active agent as a delivery agent.
In one preferred embodiment, the invention provides a system for delivering a foam or spray such as a disinfecting foam or spray, the system comprising an aerosol dispenser containing a deliverable (e.g., foamable or sprayable) formulation comprising lauryl sulfate, and preferably sodium lauryl sulfate, as a delivery agent. In a preferred embodiment, the system is used to deliver a cleansing, antiseptic, or disinfecting foam comprising hydrogen peroxide as the active agent. Such a system is particularly well suited for the delivery of hydrogen peroxide to the oral cavity, i.e., as a dental or oral formulation.
Applicant has found that the delivery of hydrogen peroxide to the oral cavity in the form of a foam or spray improves the effervescence of the formulation and, in turn, improves the removal of tissue and other debris. The formulation is particularly well suited to suspend and remove food particles and other debris, and then itself be rinsed away quickly. It does not appear that hydrogen peroxide has previously been effectively used for such purposes in the form of a foam or spray in the manner described herein, particularly in a manner suitable for commercial application.
The system of the present invention is capable of producing rapid detergent action in order to instantly provide voluminous quantities of microbubbles from relatively small initial volumes of formulation. This detergent action, in turn, greatly facilitates the effectiveness of the formulation as an oral rinse. The system of the present invention, for instance, can rapidly provide a volume of bubbles from about 2 grams of formulation that is as great or greater than the volume obtained by swirling up to an ounce (e.g., about 25–30 grams) of a product like Plax in the mouth for 30 seconds, as recommended by the manufacturer.
Formulations of the present invention having hydrogen peroxide have also been found to be particularly effective antifungal agents. To the best of Applicants' knowledge, hydrogen peroxide has not heretofore been approved or applied as an antifungal agent, and particularly not in the form of a foam or spray, or a composition delivered by an aerosol dispenser.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of delivering a formulation in the form of a organoleptically acceptable foam or spray, the preferred method comprising the steps of: (1) providing a formulation comprising a chemical agent to be delivered and sodium lauryl sulfate as a delivery agent, within an aerosol dispenser, and (2) delivering the formulation in the form of a foam or spray by activation of the dispenser.
In yet another aspect, the invention provides purified sea water compositions suitable for use in preparing formulations described herein. It appears that sea water has not heretofore been prepared in a form suitable for use in commercial cosmetic formulations.
The present invention provides a system for delivering a wide variety of chemical agents in the form of an efficacious foam. As used herein, the following words and terms shall have the meanings ascribed to them:
"system" will refer to an aerosol dispenser containing a formulation;
"formulation" will refer to a solution, e.g., as a single phase liquid or stable dispersion, which is capable of being delivered from an aerosol dispenser in the form of a foam or spray;
"chemical agent", in turn, will refer to the active agent or other agent to be delivered in the form of a foam;
"foam", and inflections thereof, when used as a verb shall refer to the ability of a formulation to form a foam when dispensed from an aerosol dispenser, and when used as a noun shall mean a liquid-film matrix with a mass of gas bubbles in it;
"spray", and inflections thereof, when used as a verb shall refer to the ability of a formulation to form a spray when dispensed from an aerosol dispenser, and when used as a noun shall mean a liquid moving in a mass of dispersed droplets, e.g., a fine jet of liquid discharged from a pressurized container,
"delivery agent" shall refer to one or more ingredients in a formulation that functions to cause or facilitate either the foaming or spraying of the formulation when dispensed from an aerosol dispenser; and
"dental formulation" shall refer to any formulation useful in or on the mouth or gums (such as dentifrice, mouthwash, gargle, dental liquid), or other nasopharyngeal application.
Preferred foams of the present invention are substantially stable, yet can be readily broken upon agitation. In other words, the foam is substantially stable after it is formed, so long as it is not agitated. An example of such a foam is one that can be dispensed into the palm of the hand and there remain for at least 30 seconds, and preferably for on the order of minutes, without collapsing. Once agitated however, for instance by rubbing the palms together, the foam is readily broken and in fact essentially disappears within a second or two. Preferred foams are similar in appearance and consistency to the suds obtained by the agitation of dishwashing liquids, that is, they are comprised of small bubbles.
While not intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that the unique combination of SLS as a delivery agent within an aerosol dispenser of the type described herein, together with chemical agents such as hydrogen peroxide, provide an optimal combination of such unexpected qualities as deliverability, foaming, effervescence, and cleaning ability.
Dispensers suitable for use in the system of the present invention are typically those that are capable of creating and dispensing a formulation in the form of a foam or spray in an aerosol manner through the use of a relatively low boiling liquid propellant such as butane and propane. The word "aerosol" will refer herein to the delivery of a foam or spray in a manner that employs a hydrocarbon or other suitable propellant, as further explained herein.
Aerosol dispensers are distinct from "propellantless" dispensers, the latter type being narrowly defined as those that avoid the use of a pressurized gas to achieve rapid expansion of a propellant through an emulsion. Propellantless dispensers are those that rely on the use of compressed air, for instance obtained by squeezing a bottle, as opposed to piston-type or spring-loaded dispensers.
In addition to a composition, a system of the present invention further comprises a dispenser, i.e., a container useful for holding one or more propellants, a valve, and an actuator. Those skilled in the are will be able to determine the manner in which the nature of these components can be selected and altered to determine such characteristics as delivery rate and uniformity, wetness and temperature of the foam or spray, foam or spray density, and the like.
Suitable aerosol dispensers provide an optimal combination of such properties as ease of use, capacity, inertness, safety and cost. Examples of suitable dispensers include those prepared of glass, plastic, metal or a combination of such materials. Glass containers must be carefully selected to provide an optimal level of pressure safety and impact resistance. Plastics may be employed to coat glass containers for improved safety, or to coat metal containers to improve corrosion resistance and enhance formulation stability.
The propellant supplies the necessary pressure within an aerosol system to expel the formulation from the container and, in combination with other components, to convert the formulation into the desired foam. Propellants may be broadly classified as liquified or compressed gases having vapor pressures generally exceeding atmospheric. Propellants within this definition include various hydrocarbons, especially fluoro-chloro-derivatives of methane and ethane, low molecular weight hydrocarbons such as the propanes, butanes and pentanes, and compressed gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen and nitrous oxide.
Preferred propellants suitable for use in the system of the present invention provide an optimal combination of such properties as compatibility and cost. Examples of preferred propellants include, but are not limited to, butane, dichlorodifluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane, isobutane, propane, trichloromonofluoromethane, and mixtures thereof.
Suitable propellants are commercially available from a number of sources, for instance, those identified as "Aeropres 46 (A-46)", a mixture of propane and isobutane available from Aeropres Corporation, Shreveport La.
Those skilled in the art, given the instant specification, will be able to identify and incorporate suitable valves and actuators for use in a system of the invention. The primary function of the valve is to regulate the flow of the formulation and propellant from the container. The characteristics of the delivered foam, including the accuracy and reproducibility of the delivery, should be optimized. Plastic, rubber, aluminum and stainless steel valves are particularly preferred.
An actuator is a fitting attached to an aerosol valve stem which, when depressed or moved, opens the valve to permit a foam or spray to issue from the container, and directs the foam or spray containing the formulation to the desired area. The actuator usually indicates the direction in which the formulation is dispensed and protects the hands or fingers from the refrigerant effects of the propellant. Actuators can incorporate an orifice of any suitable size and shape. Those skilled will appreciate the manner in which the orifice, the expansion chamber design, and the nature of the propellant and formulation can be adapted to modify the physical characteristics of the dispersed foam or spray.
A system of the present invention comprises a delivery agent, preferably selected from the class of surface active agents known as anionic detergents. Examples of suitable anionic delivery agents include sodium cocomonoglyceride sulfonate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate, and miscellaneous other surfactants such as dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, sodium lauryl sulfoacetate, sulfolaurate, and the 2-hydroxyalkyl sulfates. See, e.g., "Surfactants in Oral Hygiene Products", pp. 299–347 in Surfactants in Cosmetics, M. Reiger ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1985, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
A particularly preferred delivery agent is SLS. SLS is itself classified as an emulsifying, wetting, and/or solubilizing agent. SLS is actually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, primarily sodium lauryl sulfate containing not more than a total of 8% of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride. SLS is a long-chain fatty alcohol sulfate, and commercially available forms of SLS involve a mixture of long-chain saturated alkyl alcohols. Oral grades of SLS are generally made from naturally occurring fats and oils, mostly from coconut fatty acids, or the like. Some products are virtually all dodecyl derivative, while others contain mixtures of dodecyl, tetradecyl, and higher derivatives, depending on the degree of fractionation of the original fatty acids.
Such surface active agents, including SLS, are preferably present in the formulation at a final concentration of between about 0.05% and about 5%, and more preferably between about 0.1% and about 1%, by weight, based on the weight of the chemical agent formulation. Formulations containing less than about 0.5% SLS tend to have poor foaming characteristics, while those containing greater than about 5% SLS tend to impart unpleasant taste or other undesirable characteristics to the formulation.
The formulation delivered using a system of the present invention preferably comprises a chemical agent. Suitable chemical agents include any compound, solution or molecule that is desired to be delivered as a foam or spray to the body, including any cavity of the body. Examples of chemical agents that can be delivered to the body in the form of a foam or spray include topical analgesics, anesthetics, antibacterials, antibiotics, antifungal agents, anti-inflammatory agents (such as salicylates and steroids), antineoplastics, antiparasitics, antipruritics, antiviral agents, biologicals, contraceptives, dental preparations, deodorants, enzymes and digestants, germicides, hemorrhoidal preparations, hormones, minerals, vaginal preparations, and the like. Specific examples of preferred chemical agents include povidone iodine and hexachlorophene.
In a preferred embodiment, the system of the present invention is used for the preparation of foams for the application of abradants, antiacne preparations, antibacterials and/or antifungals, antidermatitis preparations, as well as antiherpes, anti-inflammatory, antiperspiration, antipuritics, antipsoriasis, antiseborrhea, or astringent agents, coal tar, depigmenting agents, detergents, emollients, fungicides, keratolytics, moisturizers, pediculicides, photosensitizers, scabicides, skin bleaches, skin protectants, cleansers, steroids, sulfur and salicylic acid, sun screens, vesicants, wart therapeutic agents, wound dressings, and the like.
Particularly preferred is a formulation that contains both hydrogen peroxide (as an anti-infective agent) and glycerin, aloe or other ingredient (as a skin or tissue protectant). The combination of hydrogen peroxide and glycerin has been used as effective local therapy for the treatment of pharyngitis, laryngitis, thrush, gingival infection and necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. The combination, being non-toxic, has been found to be effective as a wide spectrum antibacterial and, as described herein, as an antifungal agent.
When used for treating oral bacterial infections, the combination provides relief from symptoms and serves as an adjunct to systemic therapy. It also relieves pain associated with these conditions, thereby enabling the patient to maintain or resume normal oral intake. The combination cleanses the tissue of debris, soothes irritated tissues and aids in restoring good oral hygiene. Patient acceptance has been good. See, for instance, Williams, J.C.; Topical Therapy in Infections of the Mouth and Pharynx, Med Times, 91:332–334 (1963).
Glycerin is quite effective in protecting the skin and buccal membranes of the mouth and oral cavity. FDA monographs, for instance, define glycerin as an "Active Skin Protectant" for use on skin, lips, and the oral cavity.
Similarly, hydrogen peroxide, for instance at a concentration of between about 1% and about 3% by weight, based on the weight of the formulation, is useful as a weak antibacterial agent, a wound cleanser (including suppurating ulcers and local infections), and a deodorant. When used in a dentifrice, hydrogen peroxide is useful for the removal of debris (by virtue of its effervescence) and in the treatment of pharyngitis and Vincent's stomatitis. Hydrogen peroxide is also useful as a disinfectant for cuts, burns, and the like, as well as for surfaces such as operating tables and instruments. Foams of the present invention provide a convenient, stable form of hydrogen peroxide, capable of providing a time release phenomenon upon breakdown of the foam structure.
Another preferred chemical agent is natural sea water. In stark contrast to the teachings of science and legend, Applicant has discovered a method in which natural sea water can be stabilized to allow it to be formulated into a product for topical application, e.g., incorporated as a "chemical agent" in a formulation of the present invention.
In a preferred embodiment natural sea water can be collected from any suitable source, preferably a well that provides a constant and convenient source. The water is then aerated and passed sequentially through a sequential series of pre-filters, e.g., gravel, sand, and finally activated carbon. After the optional pre-filter step(s) the water is finally passed through a suitable sub-micron (preferably 0.2 micron or less) filter. The resulting water surprisingly retains most, if not all, of the qualities desirable for cosmetic use, is stable upon prolonged storage, and can be used to provide stable effective formulations of the present invention.
Optionally, and preferably, one or more preservatives are added to the sub-micron filtered sea water in order to further lengthen its storage stability and preserve its utility. The identification of suitable preservatives will be well within the skill of those in the cosmetics arts, given the present disclosure. Preferred preservatives for sea water include those of the paraben series, and particularly methyl paraben and/or propyl paraben, which can be added to achieve final concentrations in the range of about 0.05% to about 0.5%, and preferably between about 0.1% and about 0.3%.
Commercial grade cosmetic and pharmaceutical preservative compositions are available, such as the liquid preservatives provided under the tradename "Phenonip" available from NIPA LABORATORIES, INC., Wilmington, Del. Phenonip preservative is described as a mixture of p-hydroxybenzoate esters (approximately 35% in combined weight) in 2-phenoxyethanol.
When prepared and used in the manner described herein, sea water provides a number of unexpected and desirable properties. When used as a chemical agent in a delivery formulation of the present invention, it is preferably used at a final concentration of between about 1% and about 10% by weight, and preferably between about 3% and about 5% by weight of the concentrate used to prepare the final formulation. It can serve, for instance, as a replacement for added salts in a formulation. In particular, it has been found that purified, stable sea water provides a useful thickening effect on foams. Those skilled in the art will appreciate the manner in which this effect can be controlled and used to one's advantage.
Systems of the present invention can be prepared in any suitable manner, using techniques and equipment within the skill of those in the art. See, e.g., D. Garlen, "Toothpastes", Chapter 14, pp. 511–532 in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms-Disperse Systems, Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1989, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
A preferred system as identified above can be prepared as follows:
(1) the desired ingredients are selected, based upon their known properties;
(2) the ingredients are mixed, together with adjuvants, according to methods within the skill of those in the art;
(3) the compatibilities of ingredients are evaluated for use in preparation and storage;
(4) the stability and potency of ingredients is assured; and
(5) the resultant system is properly packaged and labeled for storage, transport, and use.
Formulations can be provided in either of two forms, either as a homogeneous prefabricated formulation that is already contained within an aerosol dispenser, or as a formulation that can optionally be modified (e.g., diluted) for use and added to an aerosol dispenser.
The final system can be prepared by any suitable means, including by either of two common approaches. In an approach known as the "cold fill" approach, the formulation (generally cooled to below 0 degrees C.) and the refrigerated propellant are measured into open containers (usually chilled). The valve-actuator assembly is then crimped onto the container to form a pressure-tight seal. During the period between propellant addition and crimping, sufficient volatilization of propellant occurs to displace air from the container.
In another approach, the "pressure fill" approach, the formulation is placed in the container and either the propellant is forced under pressure through the valve orifice after the valve is sealed, or the propellant is allowed to flow under the valve cap and then the valve assembly is sealed ("under the cap" filling). In both of these "pressure fill" cases, provisions must be made for the evacuation of air by means of vacuum or displacement with a small amount of propellant.
Other chemical agents and formulations useful with the system of the present invention can be prepared using a combination of commonly available ingredients identified as "generally recognized as safe" ("GRAS"). The dispenser can be filled and packaged using techniques within the skill of those in the art. For instance, a typical filling ratio is 60% product to 40% compressed air, according to FDA regulations. Special filling heads are used to fill and pressurize the system.
Examples of suitable chemical agents (and their intended use) include the following (percentages are provided on a weight basis, based on the weight of the final formulation):
essential oils, such as perfume oils, particularly in formulations in which the sodium lauryl sulfate serves the additional purpose of holding such oils in solution or stable suspension;
aloe vera (e.g., between about 0.1 and 10 g/100 ml formulation, and preferably between about 0.3 and 1 g/100 ml), used either with or without hydrogen peroxide;
sodium chloride (e.g., at physiological concentrations, generally about 0.9%), for use in treating cold sores and fever blisters and lesions associated with Herpes virus;
hydrogen peroxide (e.g., about 1% to about 15%, preferably about 8% to about 12%).
Suitable solvents for use in preparing a chemical agent solution of the present invention are those that provide an optimal combination of such properties as: the ability to solubilize the desired chemical agent; compatibility with the system; and suitability for topical use. An example of a particularly preferred solvent is purified water.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, other adjuvants such as fluoride, buffering agents, stabilizers and preservatives, foaming agents, antioxidants, flavorings, colors, viscosity modifiers, therapeutic additives, humectants, and binding agents can be used as well.
The system of the present invention is stable in storage, e.g., it can be stored one or more years without noticeable effect on its desired properties. It is preferably stored in a closed container and at room temperature.
In use, the system of the present invention provides a unique and desirable combination of such properties as ease of use, aesthetic appearance, formulation stability, uniform distribution of active ingredients, ease of spreading and penetration, and release and availability of medication on contact with dermatomucosal surfaces.
The system is well-suited for the delivery of formulations that have not previously been delivered in the form of foams, for instance, for the delivery of hydrogen peroxide to the oral cavity. When used for cleansing minor wounds or irritations of the mouth or gums, a small amount of the foam or spray is dispensed and applied to the affected area. It is allowed to remain in place for about 1 minute, and then expectorated. The foam or spray can be used up to 4 times daily (after meals and at bedtime) or as directed by a dentist of physician. Children younger than 12 years of age should be supervised by an adult in the use of the foam, and for children younger than 2 years of age, a dentist or physician should be consulted prior to use.
The system is particularly well suited for the delivery of formulations that are not generally delivered in the form of foams, including for the delivery of dentifrices, including dental liquids, mouthwashes, oral lavages and gargles that contain hydrogen peroxide.
The following Examples are given to illustrate, but not limit, the scope of this invention. Unless otherwise indicated, all percentages are by weight.
A number of systems according to the present invention were prepared having the following ingredients:
Concentrate I
145 g
Propellant "A-46"
25 g
Concentrate I was prepared having the ingredients provided below:
Suitable range (%)
Concentrate I (%)
Deionized water
to 100
to 100
Hydrogen Peroxide
Aloe vera gel
Methyl paraben
Sodium lauryl sulfate
The sodium lauryl sulfate was used as a delivery agent and hydrogen peroxide as a cleansing or antiseptic agent. The ingredients were mixed in a variety of relative concentrations and a dispenser was filled with the formulation. The system was used by actuating the valve in order to generate a foam from the nozzle. At optimal concentrations of ingredients a foam rapidly appeared in direct response to the pressure applied to the valve. The foam was a stable one, in that it remains on the skin with little visible shrinkage, yet it easily collapsed when rubbed between the fingers or palms.
The system is useful for a wide variety of applications, and particularly for applications in which the use of hydrogen peroxide is indicated and where the use of liquid hydrogen peroxide is inconvenient or ineffective.
A number of systems according to the present invention were prepared having the following ingredients:
Concentrate II
145 g
Propellant A-46
25 g
The concentrate was prepared having the ingredients provided below:
Suitable range (%)
Concentrate II (%)
Sea water/Deionized water
to 100
to 100
Aloe vera gel
Methyl paraben
Sodium lauryl sulfate
The sea water was filtered and preserved with (0.2%) methyl paraben in the manner described above, and used with deionized water in the ratio of 1 part sea water to 14 parts deionized water in order to provide an isosmotic formulation. In alternative embodiments, sea water and deionized water can be used at any suitable ratio, and preferably between the ratio of about 1 part sea water to 2 parts deionized water, and the ratio of about 1 part sea water to 30 parts deionized water.
The sodium lauryl sulfate was used as a delivery agent and the natural sea water was used for its purported healing effects. The ingredients were mixed in a variety of relative concentrations and dispensers were filled with the formulations using conventional techniques. The system was used by actuating the valve in order to generate a foam from the nozzle. At optimal concentrations of ingredients a foam rapidly appeared in direct response to the pressure applied to the valve. The foam was a stable one in that it with little visible shrinkage, yet it when rubbed between the fingers or palms.
The system is useful for a wide variety of applications, and particularly for applications in which the use of sea water is indicated and where the use of fresh sea water is inconvenient or ineffective.
A number of systems according to the present invention were prepared having the following ingredients:
Concentrate III
70 g
Propellant A-46
25 g
The concentrate was prepared in the order, and having the ingredients, provided below:
Concentrate III
Ingredient (function(s))
(approx. %)
Deionized water (solvent)
Sea water (solvent, chemical agent)
Aloe vera powder (skin conditioner)
Triethanolamine (pH adjuster)
Propylene glycol (solvent, humectant)
Glycerin (skin conditioning agent, humectant)
TEA lauryl sulfate (40.0%) (surfactant, emulsify-
ing agent)
Mineral oil (skin conditioning agent, emollient)
Sorbitol (70.0%) (skin conditioning agent,
Shea butter (biological additive, skin conditioning
Dimethicone (350) (skin conditioning agent)
Lauramide DEA (surfactant)
Stearic acid (surfactant, skin conditioning agent)
Polysorbate-60 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan
monostearate (Tween 60) - surfactant, emulsify-
ing agent)
Sorbitan stearate (surfactant, emulsifying agent)
Octyl methoxycinnamate (sunscreen)
Benzophenone-3 (sunscreen)
Octyl salicylate (sunscreen)
Germaben II-E (preservative)
Sodium silicate (buffering agent, corrosion inhibi-
tor, pH adjuster)
The ingredients were mixed in a variety of relative concentrations and a 2.5 ounce can dispenser was filled with the formulations. The system was used by actuating the valve in order to generate a foam from the nozzle. At optimal concentrations of ingredients a foam rapidly appeared in direct response to the pressure applied to the container.
The foam is formulated to be useful as a skin covering, to be rubbed over the entire hands to form a protective film—not unlike the protection afforded by a glove.
The system is useful for a wide variety of applications, and particularly for applications in which the use of sea water is indicated and where the use of fresh sea water is inconvenient or ineffective.
A number of systems according to the present invention were prepared having the following ingredients:
Concentrate IV
145 g
Propellant A-46
25 g
Concentrate IV was prepared having the same ingredients and concentrations as set forth above with respect to Concentrate III, although omitting the sunprotecting agents and using instead a total volume of 70% (rather than 62%) deionized water. Concentrate IV was used to fill 4.5 ounce can dispensers. Again, at optimal concentrations within the ranges set forth, the foamed formulation could be used by spreading it over the hands to provide a protective "glove-like" covering.
The present invention has been described with reference to various embodiments thereof. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many changes can be made in the embodiments described without departing from the scope of the present invention. Thus the scope of the present invention should not be limited to the formulations described in this application, but only by formulations described by the language of the claims and the equivalents of those formulations.
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|Jul 2, 2009
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|Liquid antiseptic compositions containing iodine and a sugar and/or sugar alcohol
|Apr 2, 2008
|Oct 8, 2009
|Michael Arnold
|Oral hygiene composition and apparatus and method
|Feb 4, 2010
|Aug 4, 2011
|Ultradent Products, Inc.
|In situ foamable dental bleaching compositions and methods, systems and kits for bleaching teeth using such compositions
|Mar 31, 2009
|Jan 12, 2011
|Michael Arnold
|Oral hygiene composition and apparatus and method
|Dec 9, 2009
|Jun 17, 2010
|Roch Lebel
|Topical foaming composition and method of application
|U.S. Classification
|424/45, 424/616, 514/945, 514/975
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 19, 1998
Owner name: PHYLOMED CORPORATION, FLORIDA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MUNDSCHENK, DAVID D.;REEL/FRAME:009594/0568
Effective date: 19980318
|Jul 12, 2007
Owner name: BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC., FLORIDA
Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:PHYLOMED CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:019541/0671
Effective date: 20001221
Owner name: ESPERANZA PEPTIDE, LTD., UNITED KINGDOM
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BIOTHERAPEUTICS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:019541/0743
Effective date: 20070626
|Jan 18, 2010
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jun 13, 2010
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Aug 3, 2010
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20100613


text:
I like the look of this piece of jewelry. I am sure my niece will love it for the charms that can be added to it as well as it is from South Asia, where she went to school.
- Did the color match the color displayed onsite? yes
- Please tell us about the quality of the product. Very good quality.
- How accurate was the sizing? Size is good for this kind of Bracelet.
Bought one for me and fell in love with it and got all kinds of compliments, so I bought another one for my best friend.
Don't bother buying, don't know why they would sell these.
Nice , so many ways to wear them.
The bracelets were not as pretty as they looked
Wonderful gift for my niece.
Theses bracelets are just gorgeous.. I love them. Dressy or casual you love these. B-Georgia
Looks to be all copper when it is partly gold and mostly silver!
These bracelets are very nice and my Granddaughter enjoys wearing them. She gets lots of compliments
I love this set. I can wear them all at once or piecemeal them out to both arms. This the kind of arm candy I love!
Perfect casual wear jewelry. Very nice.
wife likes them except for the little charm things they snag on crap and are not attached very well and therefore get lost!!
Had a hard time getting them on. Washed hands and bracelets turned my wrist green!
beautiful, easy to wear, can be worn with all twenty pieces or mix and wear as pleased
beautiful bangle set, but I'm finding that the clasp come loose easily and attach to clothing.
Really nice for the price. Purchased for myself but give as a gift. .
Loved the mixture of bracelets and the option to wear it as one or break it down into other styles.
I love love love these bracelets they are so chic I wear all the time!
What was received looks NOTHING like what is in the pic. Most of the bangles are a gaudy silver and a total of 5 charms.
I really love them, these are great. the charms are beautiful without being in the way.


text:
Submission + - Mount Doom Erupts - probably not a marketing ploy by Weta (stuff.co.nz)
linatux writes: Mt Tongariro has erupted with a 2km-high ash plume seen in the sky and residents reporting the sulphur is making it harder to breathe.
This universe shipped by weight, not by volume. Some expansion of the contents may have occurred during shipment.