text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Jan 15, 2008
|Filing date
|Jun 25, 2001
|Priority date
|Jul 13, 2000
|Fee status
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|Publication number
|Peer Kirsch, Andreas Tangerbeck, Detlef Pauluth, Joachim Krause, Michael Heckmeier, Kazuaki Tarumi
|Original Assignee
|Merck Gmbh
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Non-Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (21), Classifications (41), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention relates to chiral compounds, to liquid crystalline mixtures containing the chiral compounds, to polymers obtained from the chiral compounds and liquid crystalline mixtures, and to the use of the chiral compounds, liquid crystalline mixtures and polymers obtained thereof in liquid crystal displays, active and passive optical elements like polarizers, compensators, alignment layers, colour filters or holographic elements, in adhesives, synthetic resins with anisotropic mechanical properties, cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions, diagnostics, liquid crystal pigments, for decorative and security applications, in nonlinear optics, optical information storage or as chiral dopants.
Chiral compounds can be used as dopants to induce or enhance a helical twist in a liquid crystalline mixture that is used for example in liquid crystal displays. The pitch p of the molecular helix in the first approximation, which is sufficient for most practical applications, is inversely proportional to the concentration c of the chiral dopant in the liquid crystal host mixture according to equation (1):
The proportionality factor is the helical twisting power (HTP) of the chiral dopant.
For many applications it is desirable to have LC mixtures with a twisted phase. Among these are e.g. phase-change displays, guest-host displays, passive and active matrix TN and STN displays like AMD-TN, ferroelectric displays and cholesteric displays like SSCT (surface stabilized cholesteric texture) or PSCT (polymer stabilized cholesteric texture) displays, including displays with temperature compensated characteristics, e.g. by appropriate selection of the cholesteric compounds according to the invention either alone or in combination with further chiral dopants. For these applications it is advantageous to have available a chiral dopant with a high HTP in order to reduce the amount of dopant needed to induce the desired pitch.
For some applications it is desired to have LC mixtures that exhibit a strong helical twist and thereby a short pitch length. For example in liquid crystalline mixtures that are used in selectively reflecting cholesteric displays like SSCT or PSCT, the pitch has to be selected such that the maximum of the wavelength reflected by the cholesteric helix is in the range of visible light. Another possible application are polymer films with a chiral liquid crystalline phase for optical elements, such as cholesteric broadband polarizers or chiral liquid crystalline retardation films.
As can be seen from equation (1), a short pitch can be achieved by using high amounts of dopant or by using a dopant with a high HTP.
Chiral compounds are disclosed for example in WO 95/16007, WO 98/00428 and GB 2 328 207 A.
However, the chiral dopants of prior art often exhibit low values of the HTP, so that high amounts of dopant are needed. This is a disadvantage because chiral dopants can be used only as pure enantiomers and are therefore expensive and difficult to synthesize.
Furthermore, when using chiral dopants of prior art in high amounts, they often negatively affect the properties of the liquid crystalline host mixture, such as e.g. the clearing point, the dielectric anisotropy Δε, the viscosity, the driving voltage or the switching times.
Another disadvantage of prior art chiral compounds is that they often show low solubility in the liquid crystal host mixture, which leads to undesired crystallization at low temperatures. To overcome this disadvantage, typically two or more different chiral dopants have to be added to the host mixture. This implies higher costs and also requires additional effort for temperature compensation of the mixture, as the different dopants have to be selected such that their temperature coefficients of the twist compensate each other.
Consequently, there is a considerable demand for chiral compounds with a high HTP which are easy to synthesize, can be used in low amounts, show improved temperature stability of the cholesteric pitch e.g. for utilizing a constant reflection wavelength, do not affect the properties of the liquid crystalline host mixture and show good solubility in the host mixture.
The invention has the aim of providing chiral compounds having these properties, but which do not have the disadvantages of the chiral dopants of the state of the art as discussed above.
Another aim of the invention is to extend the pool of chiral compounds that can be used as dopants available to the expert.
It has been found that these aims can be achieved by providing chiral compounds of formula I.
R1—X1-(A1-Z1)m-G-(Z2-A2)n-X2—R2 I
Another object of the invention is a liquid crystalline mixture containing at least one compound of formula I.
Another object of the present invention is a polymerizable liquid crystalline mixture comprising at least one compound of formula I and at least one polymerizable mesogenic compound having at least one polymerizable functional group.
Another object of the invention is a chiral linear or crosslinked liquid crystalline polymer obtainable by polymerizing a polymerizable liquid crystalline mixture comprising one or more compounds of formula I.
A further object of the invention is the use of a chiral compound, mixture or polymer as described above in liquid crystal displays, such as STN, TN, AMD-TN, temperature compensation, ferroelectric, guest-host, phase change or surface stabilized or polymer stabilized cholesteric texture (SSCT, PSCT) displays, in active and passive optical elements like polarizers, compensators, alignment layers, colour filters or holographic elements, in adhesives, synthetic resins with anisotropic mechanical properties, cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions for example as UV filters, diagnostics, liquid crystal pigments, for decorative and security applications, in nonlinear optics, optical information storage or as chiral dopants.
Yet another object of the invention is a liquid crystal display comprising a liquid crystalline mixture or a polymerizable liquid crystalline mixture comprising at least one chiral compound of formula I.
The inventive chiral compounds bear several advantages
The inventive chiral compounds are mesogenic or even liquid crystalline, i.e. they can induce or enhance mesophase behaviour for example in admixture with other compounds, or even exhibit one or more mesophases themselves. It is also possible that the inventive compounds show mesophase behaviour only in mixtures with other compounds, or, in case of polymerizable compounds, when being (co)polymerized. Mesogenic inventive chiral compounds are especially preferred.
The groups R1, R2, X1, X2 and the mesogenic groups (A1-Z1)m and (A2-Z2)n on both sides of G can be identical or different. A preferred embodiment of the invention is directed to compounds wherein the mesogenic groups on both sides of G are different.
Very preferred are compounds wherein at least one of Z1 and Z2 is —CF2O—, —OCF2—, —CF2S—, —SCF2— or —CF2CF2—. Further preferred are compounds wherein at least one of X1 and X2 is —CF2O— or —OCF2—. Further preferred are compounds wherein at least one of X1, X2, Z1 and Z2 is —CF2O—, —OCF2—, —CF2S—, —SCF2—, —CF2CF2— or —CF═CF— and the other are —COO—, —OCO—, —CH2—CH2— or a single bond.
Another preferred embodiment relates to compounds wherein at least one of Z1 and Z2 denotes —C≡C—. These compounds are especially suitable for uses where highly birefringent materials are needed.
Further preferred are compounds of formula I wherein the mesogenic groups (A1-Z2)m and (A2-Z2)n incorporate one, two or three, especially two five- or six-membered rings.
Particularly preferred compounds are those wherein m and n are 1 or 2 and A1 and A2 are selected of 1,4-phenylene and trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, these rings being unsubstituted or substituted in 1 to 4 positions with F, Cl, CN or alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl or alkoxycarbonyl with 1 to 4 C-atoms. From these preferred compounds, especially preferred are those comprising a bicyclohexyl or cyclohexylphenyl group.
A smaller group of preferred mesogenic groups (A1-Z1)m and (A2-Z2)n is listed below. For reasons of simplicity, Phe in these groups is 1,4-phenylene which may also substituted by at least one group L, with L being F, Cl, CN or an optionally fluorinated alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl or alkoxycarbonyl group with 1 to 4 C atoms, Cyc is 1,4-cyclohexylene and Z has in each case independently one of the meanings of Z1 in formula I. The list of preferred mesogenic groups is comprising the following formulae as well as their mirror images
Particularly preferred are the subformulae II-3, II-4, II-5, II-6, II-7 and II-10, in particular II-4 and II-5.
Further preferred are subformula II-5, wherein Z is —CF2CF2— and subformula II-3 and II-4, wherein Z is —OCF2—.
Further preferred are subformulae II-10 and II-11, wherein one or both of Z between two cyclohexylene rings are —CF2CF2—, and subformulae II-6, II-7, II-8, II-9, and II-10, wherein one or both of Z between two phenylene rings or between a phenylene and a cyclohexylene ring are —OCF2— or —CF2O—, with the O atom being adjacent to the phenylene ring.
The other groups Z are preferably —COO—, —OCO—, —CH2CH2— or a single bond.
Bi- and tricyclic mesogenic groups are preferred. Further preferred are compounds wherein the mesogenic group comprises at least one group Phe that is substituted with one or two groups L, preferably in 3- and/or 5-position, and L is F, Cl, CH3, OCH3, CF3, CHF2, CH2F, OCF3 OCHF2, OCH2F or CN.
L is preferably F, Cl, CN, NO2, CH3, C2H5, OCH3, OC2H5, COCH3, COC2H5, CF3, CHF2, CH2F, OCF3 OCHF2, OCH2F, OC2F5, in particular F, Cl, CN, CH3, C2H5, OCH3, CF3 and OCF3, most preferably F, CH3, CF3, OCH3 and OCF3.
If R1 or R2 in formula I is an alkyl or alkoxy radical, i.e. where the terminal CH2 group is replaced by —O—, this may be straight-chain or branched. It is preferably straight-chain, has 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms and accordingly is preferably ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexoxy, heptoxy, or octoxy, furthermore methyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, nonoxy, decoxy, undecoxy, dodecoxy, tridecoxy or tetradecoxy, for example.
Oxaalkyl, i.e. where one CH2 group is replaced by —O—, is preferably straight-chain 2-oxapropyl (=methoxymethyl), 2-(=ethoxymethyl) or 3-oxabutyl (=2-methoxyethyl), 2-, 3-, or 4-oxapentyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, or 5-oxahexyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, or 6-oxaheptyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-oxaoctyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-oxanonyl or 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8- or 9-oxadecyl, for example.
Halogen is preferably F or Cl.
R1 or R2 in formula I can be a polar or an unpolar group. In case of a polar group, it is selected from CN, SF5, halogen, OCH3, SCN, COR5, COOR5 or a mono- oligo- or polyfluorinated alkyl or alkoxy group with 1 to 4 C atoms. R5 is optionally fluorinated alkyl with 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 3 C atoms. Especially preferred polar groups are selected of F, Cl, CN, OCH3, COCH3, COC2H5, COOCH3, COOC2H5, CF3, CHF2, CH2F, OCF3, OCHF2, OCH2F, C2F5 and OC2F5, in particular F, Cl, CN, CF3, OCHF2 and OCF3.
In case of an unpolar group, R1 or R2 is preferably alkyl with up to 15 C atoms or alkoxy with 2 to 15 C atoms.
R1 or R2 in formula I can be an achiral or a chiral group. In case of a chiral group it is preferably selected according to formula III:
In case Q1 in formula III is an alkylene-oxy group, the O atom is preferably adjacent to the chiral C atom.
Preferred chiral groups of formula III are 2-alkyl, 2-alkoxy, 2-methylalkyl, 2-methylalkoxy, 2-fluoroalkyl, 2-fluoroalkoxy, 2-(2-ethin)alkyl, 2-(2-ethin)-alkoxy, 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-alkyl and 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-alkoxy.
Particularly preferred chiral groups are 2-butyl (=1-methylpropyl), 2-methylbutyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2-propylpentyl, in particular 2-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutoxy, 2-methylpentoxy, 3-methylpentoxy, 2-ethylhexoxy, 1-methylhexoxy, 2-octyloxy, 2-oxa-3-methylbutyl, 3-oxa-4-methylpentyl, 4-methylhexyl, 2-hexyl, 2-octyl, 2-nonyl, 2-decyl, 2-dodecyl, 6-methoxyoctoxy, 6-methyloctoxy, 6-methyloctanoyloxy, 5-methylheptyloxycarbonyl, 2-methylbutyryloxy, 3-methylvaleroyloxy, 4-methylhexanoyloxy, 2-chlorpropionyloxy, 2-chloro-3-methylbutyryloxy, 2-chloro-4-methylvaleryloxy, 2-chloro-3-methylvaleryloxy, 2-methyl-3-oxapentyl, 2-methyl-3-oxahexyl, 1-methoxypropyl-2-oxy, 1-ethoxypropyl-2-oxy, 1-propoxypropyl-2-oxy, 1-butoxypropyl-2-oxy, 2-fluorooctyloxy, 2-fluorodecyloxy, 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-octyloxy, 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-octyl, 2-fluoromethyloctyloxy for example. Very preferred are 2-hexyl, 2-octyl, 2-octyloxy, 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-hexyl, 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-octyl and 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-octyloxy.
In addition, compounds of formula I containing an achiral branched group R1 or R2 may occasionally be of importance, for example, due to a reduction in the tendency towards crystallization. Branched groups of this type generally do not contain more than one chain branch. Preferred achiral branched groups are isopropyl, isobutyl (=methylpropyl), isopentyl (=3-methylbutyl), isopropoxy, 2-methylpropoxy and 3-methylbutoxy.
In another preferred embodiment R1 and/or R2 in formula I denote a polymerizable group P-Sp-, with
or CH2═CH-Phenyl-(O)k—, W being H, CH3 or Cl and k being 0 or 1, and
P is preferably a vinyl group, an acrylate group, a methacrylate group, a propenyl ether group or an epoxy group, especially preferably an acrylate or a methacrylate group.
As for the spacer group Sp all groups can be used that are known for this purpose to the skilled in the art. The spacer group Sp is preferably a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 20 C atoms, in particular 1 to 12 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —NH—, —N(CH3)—, —CO—, —O—CO—, —S—CO—, —O—COO—, —CO—S—, —CO—O—, —CH(halogen)-, —CH(CN)—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—.
Typical spacer groups are for example —(CH2)p—, —(CH2CH2O)r—CH2CH2—, —CH2CH2—S—CH2CH2— or —CH2CH2—NH—CH2CH2—, with p being an integer from 2 to 12 and r being an integer from 1 to 3.
Preferred spacer groups are ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, heptylene, octylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene, dodecylene, octadecylene, ethyleneoxyethylene, methyleneoxybutylene, ethylene-thioethylene, ethylene-N-methyliminoethylene, 1-methylalkylene, ethenylene, propenylene and butenylene for example.
Especially preferred are inventive chiral compounds of formula I wherein Sp is denoting an alkyl or alkoxy group with 2 to 6 C atoms. Straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy groups are especially preferred.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention the chiral compounds comprise at least one spacer group Sp that is a chiral group of formula IV:
In case Q1 in formula IV is an alkylene-oxy group, the O atom is preferably adjacent to the chiral C atom.
G is preferably a chiral bivalent radical derived from sugars, binaphthyl derivatives, or optically active glycols, especially ethane-1,2-diol substituted in 1- and or 2-position with alkyl or aryl groups. In case of sugar groups, these are preferably selected from mono- and dicyclic groups comprising pentose or hexose rings.
Particularly preferred are the following groups G
wherein Phe has the meaning given above, R4 is F or optionally fluorinated alkyl with 1 to 4 C atoms and Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 have one of the meanings of R1 in formula I.
Preferably G is dianhydrohexitol like
especially preferably dianhydrosorbitol,
substituted ethane diol like
wherein R4 is F, CH3 or CF3,
or optionally substituted binaphthyl
wherein Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4 are H, F or optionally fluorinated alkyl with 1 to 8 C atoms.
Particularly preferred compounds of formula I are the following
wherein R has one of the meanings of R1 in formula I or of the preferred meanings above, and the 1,4-phenylene rings may also be mono- or polysubstituted by L as described above.
The inventive chiral compounds can be synthesized according to or in analogy to the following reaction schemes.
The novel ketal of the formula
is particularly useful as intermediate compound, especially for the preparation of liquid crystal compounds. This ketal and its preparation are further objects of the invention. The ketal is preferably prepared as described above by hydrogenation of 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro ethane, oxidation of the resulting bis-(4-hydroxycyclohexyl compound with a strong acid, in particular a chrom(VI)oxide derivative, preferably a pyridinium complex or complex salt of a chrom(VI)oxide derivative, very preferably pyridiniumchlorochromate (PCC), and reacting the resulting bisketone with 2,2-dimethylpropane in the presence of an acid, in particular sulfuric acid.
Further methods of preparing the inventive compounds can be taken from the examples.
The inventive chiral compounds can be used in a liquid crystal mixture for displays exhibiting a twisted molecular structure of the liquid crystal matrix like, for example, supertwisted or active matrix liquid crystal displays, or in displays comprising a liquid crystal mixture with a chiral liquid crystalline phase, like for example chiral smectic or chiral nematic (cholesteric) mixtures for ferroelectric displays or cholesteric displays.
Thus, another object of the invention is a liquid crystalline mixture, in particular a cholesteric liquid crystalline mixture, comprising at least one chiral compound of formula I.
Yet another object of the invention are cholesteric liquid crystal displays comprising a cholesteric liquid crystalline medium containing at least one chiral compound of formula I.
The inventive compounds are especially characterized by a high solubility in liquid crystalline host mixtures. Therefore, they can be added as dopants to liquid crystalline hosts in high amounts without significant affecting the phase behaviour and electrooptical properties of the mixture. Furthermore, undesired spontaneous crystallization at low temperatures are reduced and the operating temperature range of the mixture can be broadened.
Also, even inventive chiral compounds with low values of the HTP can be used for the preparation of highly twisted liquid crystal media, because the dopant concentration can be increased to yield low pitch values (i.e. high twist) without affecting the mixture properties. The use of a second dopant, which is often added to avoid crystallization, can thus be avoided.
In addition, many of the inventive chiral compounds of formula I exhibit high values of the HTP. Thus liquid crystalline mixtures with a high helical twist, i.e. a low pitch, can be prepared by using the inventive compounds, or otherwise a liquid crystalline mixture with a moderate helical twist can be achieved already when using the inventive compounds as dopants in low amounts.
The high HTP values of the inventive compounds makes them also suitable to be used in combination with other compounds for the temperature compensation of the properties of liquid crystal mixtures, such as the cholesteric pitch, and of the properties of displays, e.g. such as the threshold voltage.
As mentioned above, the inventive compounds are furthermore advantageous because they are affecting the physical properties of the liquid crystalline mixture only to a minor extent.
Thus, when admixing the chiral compounds of formula I for example to a liquid crystalline mixture with positive dielectric anisotropy that is used in a liquid crystal display, Δε is being only slightly reduced and the viscosity of the liquid crystalline mixture is increased only to a small extent. This leads to lower voltages and improved switching times of the display when compared to a display comprising conventional dopants.
A liquid crystalline mixture according to the invention comprises preferably 0.1 to 30%, in particular 1 to 25% and very particularly preferably 2 to 15% by weight of chiral compounds of formula I.
A liquid crystalline mixture according to the invention preferably comprises 1 to 3 chiral compounds of formula I.
For temperature compensation applications as described above the liquid crystalline mixture preferably contains a chiral component which contains at least one chiral compound of formula I, and a nematic component comprising one or more nematic or nematogenic compounds.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the liquid crystalline mixture consist of 2 to 25, preferably 3 to 15 compounds, at least one of which is a chiral compound of formula I. The other compounds, forming the nematic component, are preferably low molecular weight liquid crystalline compounds selected from nematic or nematogenic substances, for example from the known classes of the azoxybenzenes, benzylidene-anilines, biphenyls, terphenyls, phenyl or cyclohexyl benzoates, phenyl or cyclohexyl esters of cyclohehexanecarboxylic acid, phenyl or cyclohexyl esters of cyclohexylbenzoic acid, phenyl or cyclohexyl esters of cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid, cyclohexylphenyl esters of benzoic acid, of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid and of cyclohexylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid, phenylcyclohexanes, cyclohexylbiphenyls, phenylcyclohexylcyclohexanes, cyclohexylcyclohexanes, cyclohexylcyclohexenes, cyclohexylcyclohexylcyclohexenes, 1,4-bis-cyclohexylbenzenes, 4,4′-bis-cyclohexylbiphenyls, phenyl- or cyclohexylpyrimidines, phenyl- or cyclohexylpyridines, phenyl- or cyclohexylpyridazines, phenyl- or cyclohexyldioxanes, phenyl- or cyclohexyl-1,3-dithianes, 1,2-diphenyl-ethanes, 1,2-dicyclohexylethanes, 1-phenyl-2-cyclohexylethanes, 1-cyclohexyl-2-(4-phenylcyclohexyl)ethanes, 1-cyclohexyl-2-biphenyl-ethanes, 1-phenyl2-cyclohexylphenylethanes, optionally halogenated stilbenes, benzyl phenyl ether, tolanes, substituted cinnamic acids and further classes of nematic or nematogenic substances. The 1,4-phenylene groups in these compounds may also be laterally mono- or difluorinated.
The liquid crystalline mixture of this preferred embodiment is based on the achiral compounds of this type.
The most important compounds that are possible as components of these liquid crystalline mixtures can be characterized by the following formula
wherein L′ and E, which may be identical or different, are in each case, independently from one another, a bivalent radical from the group formed by -Phe-, -Cyc-, -Phe-Phe-, -Phe-Cyc-, -Cyc-Cyc-, -Pyr-, -Dio-, -B-Phe- and -B-Cyc- and their mirror images, where Phe is unsubstituted or fluorine-substituted 1,4-phenylene, Cyc is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-cyclohexenylene, Pyr is pyrimidine-2,5-diyl or pyridine-2,5-diyl, Dio is 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl and B is 2-(trans-1,4-cyclohexyl)ethyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl.
G′ in these compounds is selected from the following bivalent groups —CH═CH—, —N(O)N—, —CH═CY—, —CH═N(O)—, —C≡C—, —CH2—CH2—, —CO—O—, —CH2—O—, —CO—S—, —CH2—S—, —CH═N—, —COO-Phe-COO— or a single bond, with Y being halogen, preferably chlorine, or —CN.
R′ and R″ are, in each case, independently of one another, alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkanoyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl or alkoxycarbonyloxy with 1 to 18, preferably 3 to 12 C atoms, or alternatively one of R′ and R″ is F, CF3, OCF3, Cl, NCS or CN.
In most of these compounds R′ and R″ are, in each case, independently of each another, alkyl, alkenyl or alkoxy with different chain length, wherein the sum of C atoms in nematic media generally is between 2 and 9, preferably between 2 and 7.
Many of these compounds or mixtures thereof are commercially available. All of these compounds are either known or can be prepared by methods which are known per se, as described in the literature (for example in the standard works such as Houben-Weyl, Methoden der Organischen Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry], Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart), to be precise under reaction conditions which are known and suitable for said reactions. Use may also be made here of variants which are known per se, but are not mentioned here.
The inventive compounds are in particular useful for anisotropic polymer gels and for low molar mass or polymerizable or polymerized cholesteric liquid crystalline mixtures for cholesteric displays, such as for example phase change displays or surface stabilized or polymer stabilized cholesteric texture displays (SSCT, PSCT).
A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention relates to chiral compounds showing a low temperature dependence of the HTP in nematic liquid crystal mixtures. These compounds are useful for cholesteric liquid crystalline mixtures and displays with a low temperature dependence of the reflection wavelength dλ/dT (T=temperature, λ=reflection wavelength maximum).
In particular, it was found that when using chiral compounds of formula I in cholesteric liquid crystalline media, for example for application in an SSCT or PSCT display, they exhibit good solubility in the nematic host mixture and induce a high helical twist with low temperature dependence of the helical pitch and the reflection wavelength. Thus, cholesteric mixtures with high brightness of the reflection colour and low temperature dependence can be achieved even by using only one chiral dopant according to formula I, preferably in low amounts. This is a considerable advantage over prior art, where high amounts of dopants are needed, and where it is often necessary to use two or more dopants with opposite temperature dependence of the helical twist (e.g. one with positive temperature dependence and one with negative temperature dependence) to achieve good temperature compensation of the reflection wavelength.
Thus, a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a cholesteric liquid crystalline medium, in particular for use in SSCT and PSCT displays, comprising one chiral compound of formula I, preferably in an amount of 15% or less, in particular 10% or less, very preferably 5% or less.
Another preferred embodiment relates to inventive chiral compounds with a strong temperature dependence of the HTP in nematic liquid crystal mixtures, which are useful for thermochromic media.
Cholesteric displays are described for example in WO 92/19695, WO 93/23496, U.S. Pat. No. 5,453,863 or U.S. Pat. No. 5,493,430, with the entire disclosure of these documents being introduced into this application by way of reference.
Furthermore, anisotropic polymer gels and displays comprising them are disclosed for example in DE 195 04 224 and GB 2 279 659.
It has been found that SSCT and PSCT displays comprising the inventive compounds have reduced response times, lower voltages and improved contrast compared to displays comprising conventional dopants, like e.g. R 811 or CB 15, that are commercially available by Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). For example, SSCT and PSCT displays in which the conventional dopants are replaced by chiral compounds of according to the present invention can show reduced switching time.
Cholesteric films made by using the inventive compounds instead of prior art dopants show improved brightness, leading to a better contrast between the coloured planar texture and the almost clear focal conic state which is made black using a black backplate.
The inventive chiral compounds and polymerizable liquid crystalline mixtures comprising these compounds are also particularly useful for the preparation of anisotropic polymer films with a chiral liquid crystalline phase, such as cholesteric or chiral smectic polymer films, in particular films that exhibit helically twisted molecular structure with uniform planar orientation, i.e. wherein the helical axis is oriented perpendicular to the plane of the film.
For example, oriented cholesteric polymer films can be used as broad waveband reflective polarizers, as described e.g. in EP 0 606 940, as colour filters, for security markings, or for the preparation of liquid crystal pigments. I. Heynderickx and D. J. Broer in Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 203, 113-126 (1991) describe crosslinked cholesteric polymer films that are made of liquid crystalline diacrylates and contain a low molecular weight chiral dopant.
It has been found that cholesteric polymer films made by using the inventive chiral compounds are brighter compared to films comprising dopants of prior art like e.g. R 811 or CB 15 as mentioned above.
For the preparation of anisotropic polymer gels or oriented polymer films, the liquid crystalline mixture should comprise at least one polymerizable compound, preferably a polymerizable mesogenic compound, in addition to chiral compounds of formula I.
Thus, another object of the invention are polymerizable liquid crystalline mixtures comprising at least one chiral compound of formula I and at least one polymerizable mesogenic compound.
Examples of suitable polymerizable mesogenic compounds that can be used as components of the polymerizable CLC material, are disclosed for example in WO 93/22397; EP 0,261,712; DE 195,04,224; WO 95/22586 and WO 97/00600. The compounds disclosed in these documents, however, are to be regarded merely as examples that shall not limit the scope of this invention. Preferably the polymerizable CLC mixture comprises at least one polymerizable mesogenic compound having one polymerizable functional group and at least one polymerizable mesogenic compound having two or more polymerizable functional groups.
Examples of especially useful monoreactive chiral and achiral polymerizable mesogenic compounds are shown in the following list of compounds, which should, however, be taken only as illustrative and is in no way intended to restrict, but instead to explain the present invention:
wherein, P has one of the meanings given above, x is an integer from 1 to 12, A and D are 1,4-phenylene or 1,4-cyclohexylene, v is 0 or 1, Y0 is a polar group, R0 is an unpolar alkyl or alkoxy group, Ter is a terpenoid radical like e.g. menthyl, Chol is a cholesteryl group, and L1 and L2 are each independently H, F, Cl, CN, OH, NO2 or an optionally halogenated alkyl, alkoxy or carbonyl group with 1 to 7 C atoms.
The polar group Y0 is preferably CN, NO2, halogen, OCH3, OCN, SCN, COR5, COOR5 or a mono- oligo- or polyfluorinated alkyl or alkoxy group with 1 to 4 C atoms. R5 is optionally fluorinated alkyl with 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 3 C atoms. Especially preferably the polar group Y0 is selected of F, Cl, CN, NO2, OCH3, COCH3, COC2H5, COOCH3, COOC2H5, CF3, C2F5, OCF3, OCHF2, and OC2F5, in particular F, Cl, CN, OCH3 and OCF3.
The unpolar group R0 is preferably an alkyl group with 1 or more, preferably 1 to 15 C atoms or an alkoxy group with 2 or more, preferably 2 to 15 C atoms.
Examples of useful direactive chiral and achiral polymerizable mesogenic compounds are shown in the following list of compounds, which should, however, be taken only as illustrative and is in no way intended to restrict, but instead to explain the present invention
wherein P, x, D, L1 and L2 have one of the meanings given above and y is an integer from 1 to 12 the same as or different from x.
A polymerizable CLC material according to the first preferred embodiment as described above comprises one or more chiral dopants which themselves do not necessarily have to show a liquid crystalline phase and give good planar alignment themselves, in particular non-polymerizable chiral dopants.
The mono- and difunctional polymerizable mesogenic compounds of above formulae V and VI can be prepared by methods which are known per se and which are described in the documents cited above and, for example, in standard works of organic chemistry such as, for example, Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie, Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the polymerizable liquid crystalline mixtures comprise at least one inventive chiral compound, at least one monofunctional compound of formulae Va-Vm and at least one bifunctional polymerizable compound of formulae VIa-VIe.
In another preferred embodiment the polymerizable liquid crystalline mixtures comprise at least one inventive chiral compound and at least two monofunctional compounds of formulae Va-Vm.
Another object of the invention is an anisotropic polymer film with an oriented chiral liquid crystalline phase obtainable by (co)polymerizing a liquid crystalline mixture comprising at least one chiral compound of formula I and at least one polymerizable mesogenic compound preferably selected of formula Va-Vm and VIa-VIe and/or at least one polymerizable chiral compound of formula I.
To prepare anisotropic polymer film with a chiral liquid crystalline phase with uniform orientation the inventive liquid crystalline mixtures, for example, are coated onto a substrate, aligned and polymerized in situ by exposing them to heat or actinic radiation. Alignment and curing are preferably carried out in the liquid crystalline phase of the liquid crystalline mixtures.
Actinic radiation means irradiation with light, like UV light, IR light or visible light, irradiation with X-rays or gamma rays or irradiation with high energy particles, such as ions or electrons. As a source for actinic radiation for example a single UV lamp or a set of UV lamps can be used. Another possible source for actinic radiation is a laser, like e.g. a UV laser, an IR laser or a visible laser.
For example, when polymerizing by means of UV light, a photoinitiator can be used that decomposes under UV irradiation to produce free radicals or ions that start the polymerization reaction.
It is also possible to use a cationic photoinitiator, when curing reactive mesogens with for example vinyl and epoxide reactive groups, that photocures with cations instead of free radicals.
As a photoinitiator for radical polymerization for example the commercially available Irgacure 651, Irgacure 184, Darocure 1173 or Darocure 4205 (all from Ciba Geigy AG) can be used, whereas in case of cationic photopolymerization the commercially available UVI 6974 (Union Carbide) can be used.
Preferably the polymerizable liquid crystalline mixtures comprising polymerizable chiral compounds of formula I and/or polymerizable mesogenic compounds of formulae V and VI additionally comprise 0.01 to 10%, in particular 0.05 to 8%, very preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight of a photoinitiator, especially preferably a UV-photoinitiator.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the polymerization of the polymerizable mesogenic material is carried out under an atmosphere of inert gas, preferably under a nitrogen atmosphere.
As a substrate for example a glass or quartz sheet as well as a plastic film or sheet can be used. It is also possible to put a second substrate on top of the coated mixture prior to, during and/or after polymerization. The substrates can be removed after polymerization or not. When using two substrates in case of curing by actinic radiation, at least one substrate has to be transmissive for the actinic radiation used for the polymerization.
Isotropic or birefringent substrates can be used. In case the substrate is not removed from the polymerized film after polymerization, preferably isotropic substrates are used.
Preferably at least one substrate is a plastic substrate such as for example a film of polyester such as polyethyleneterephthalate (PET), of polyvinylalcohol (PVA), polycarbonate (PC) or triacetylcellulose (TAC), especially preferably a PET film or a TAC film. As a birefringent substrate for example an uniaxially stretched plastic film can be used. For example PET films are commercially available from ICI Corp. under the trade name Melinex.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inventive mixture of the polymerizable liquid crystalline mixture comprising a chiral compound of formula I is coated as a thin layer on a substrate or between substrate, and is preferably aligned in its chiral mesophase, eg. the cholesteric or chiral smectic phase, to give a planar orientation, i.e. an orientation so that the axis of the molecular helix extends transversely to the layer.
A planar orientation can be achieved for example by shearing the mixture, e.g. by means of a doctor blade. It is also possible to apply an alignment layer, for example a layer of rubbed polyimide or sputtered SiOx, on top of at least one of the substrates.
In another preferred embodiment, a second substrate is put on top of the coated material. In this case, the shearing caused by putting together the two substrates is sufficient to give good alignment.
It is also possible to apply an electric or magnetic field to the coated mixture.
In some cases it is of advantage to apply a second substrate not only to aid alignment of the polymerizable mixture but also to exclude oxygen that may inhibit the polymerization. Alternatively the curing can be carried out under an atmosphere of inert gas. However, curing in air is also possible using suitable photoinitiators and high lamp power. When using a cationic photoinitiator oxygen exclusion most often is not needed, but water should be excluded.
A detailed description of the in situ polymerization of polymerizable mesogenic compounds can be found in D. J. Broer et al., Makromolekulare Chemie 190, 2255 (1989).
A polymerizable liquid crystalline mixture for the preparation of anisotropic polymer films comprises preferably 0.1 to 35%, in particular 0.5 to 15% and very particularly preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight of one or more polymerizable chiral compounds of formula I.
Polymerizable liquid crystalline mixtures are preferred that comprise 1 to 3 chiral compounds of formula I.
The inventive polymerizable liquid crystalline mixtures can additionally comprise one or more other suitable components, such as, for example, catalysts, sensitizers, stabilizers, co-reacting monomers or surface-active compounds.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the inventive polymerizable liquid crystalline mixture comprises a stabilizer that is used to prevent undesired spontaneous polymerization for example during storage of the composition. As stabilizers in principal all compounds can be used that are known to the skilled in the art for this purpose. These compounds are commercially available in a broad variety. Typical examples for stabilizers are 4-ethoxyphenol or butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).
It is also possible, in order to increase crosslinking of the polymers, to add up to 20% of a non mesogenic compound with two or more polymerizable functional groups to the polymerizable composition alternatively or additionally to the multifunctional polymerizable mesogenic compounds.
Typical examples for difunctional non mesogenic monomers are alkyldiacrylates or alkyldimethacrylates with alkyl groups of 1 to 20 C atoms. Typical examples for non mesogenic monomers with more than two polymerizable groups are trimethylpropanetrimethacrylate or pentaerythritoltetraacrylate.
Polymerization of inventive compositions comprising compounds with only one polymerizable functional group leads to linear polymers, whereas in the presence of compounds with more than one polymerizable functional group crosslinked polymers are obtained.
For the preparation of anisotropic polymer gels, the liquid crystalline mixtures can be polymerized in situ as described above, however, in this case alignment of the polymerizable mixture is not necessary.
The inventive chiral compounds of formula I can also be used for the preparation of thermochromic liquid crystalline mixtures. Such mixtures are characterized in that they exhibit a chiral liquid crystalline phase or chiral mesophase, like e.g. a chiral smectic phase or a chiral nematic (=cholesteric) phase, with a helically twisted molecular structure that shows selective reflection of a specific waveband of light, wherein the pitch of the molecular helix and thereby the reflected wavelengths are depending on the temperature.
Especially preferred are inventive liquid crystalline mixtures with thermochromic behaviour that exhibit a cholesteric phase. Of these preferred compositions, further preferred are compositions that exhibit a cholesteric phase and a smectic phase, most preferably a chiral smectic phase, at temperatures below the temperature range of the cholesteric phase. The inventive liquid crystalline mixtures exhibiting thermochromic behaviour can be polymerizable or non-polymerizable.
The chiral compounds of formula and mixtures and polymers comprising them are also suitable for the preparation of liquid crystal pigments. Thus, oriented cholesteric polymer films prepared as described above can be ground into small flaky particles, which are suitable as pigments showing selective reflection of light. These pigments can be used for example in inks, paints or coatings for cosmetics, pharmaceutical, decorative or security applications. The preparation of liquid crystal pigments is described for example in EP 601 483, WO 97/27252 or WO 97/30136. Liquid crystal pigments comprising a chiral compound of formula I are another object of the present invention.
The inventive chiral compounds of formula I and liquid crystalline mixtures, liquid crystal polymers or liquid crystal pigments comprising them are also suitable for use in cosmetic and pharmaceutical compositions, for example for coloured make-up as described in EP 815 826 or as UV-filters for the protection of human skin or hair, in particular protection against UV-A and UV-B-radiation, as described for example in DE 196 29 761 or EP 1 038 941. The inventive dopants have a high HTP, therefore only small amounts are needed to yield a short pitch, resulting in a material that shows reflection in the UV range and is suitable as UV-filter.
A liquid crystalline mixture, liquid crystal polymer or liquid crystal pigment comprising a chiral compound of formula I and reflecting UV light, in particular of a wavelength of 200 to 400 nm, is another object of the invention. Another object is a cosmetic composition, in particular a cosmetic or pharmaceutical composition for protection of human skin or hair, comprising as UV-filter a liquid crystalline mixture, liquid crystal polymer or liquid crystal pigment comprising a chiral compound of formula I and reflecting UV light, in particular in a wavelength range of 200-440 nm, especially 280-400 nm, 200-230 nm (UV-C) and 280-330 nm (UV-B).
From the foregoing description, one skilled in the art can easily ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention, and without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to various usages and conditions.
Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art can, using the preceding description, utilize the present invention to ist fullest extent. The following examples are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever.
In the foregoing and in the following examples, unless otherwise indicated, all temperatures are set forth uncorrected in degrees Celsius and all parts and percentages are by weight.
The values of the helical twisting power HTP of a chiral compound in a liquid crystalline host are given according to the equation HTP=(p-c)−1 in μm−1, wherein p is the pitch of the molecular helix, given in μm, and c is the concentration by weight of the chiral compound in the host given in relative values (thus, e.g. a concentration of 1% by weight is corresponding to a value of c of 0.01).
The following abbreviations are used to illustrate the liquid crystalline phase behaviour of the compounds: K=crystalline; N=nematic; S=smectic; N*, Ch=chiral nematic, cholesteric; I=isotropic. The numbers between these symbols indicate the phase transition temperatures in degree Celsius. Furthermore, Δn is the birefringence at 589 nm and 20� C. and Δε is the dielectric anisotropy at 20� C. C* in a chemical formula denotes a chiral C atom.
Unless indicated otherwise, the HTP values of the examples were determined in the commercially available liquid crystal host mixture MLC-6260 (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) at a concentration of 1% and a temperature of 20� C.
Compound (1) was prepared according to the following reaction scheme
Preparation of Triflate (1-2):
60.73 ml (0.69 mol) trifluoromethylsulfonic acid were added dropwise to 63.02 g (0.23 mol) benzoic acid (1-1) and 25.00 g (0.23 mol) propanedithiol and the mixture heated to 120� C. for 45 minutes. After cooling 800 ml diethyl ether were added and the solution cooled to 0� C. for 5 hours. The precipitated product was filtered off, washed with diethyl ether and dried in vacuum.
Preparation of (1):
At −70� C. a solution of 5.727 g (0.02 mol) [1,1′]binaphthalenyl-2,2′-diol and 6.099 ml (0.044 mol) triethylamine in 20 ml DCM was added to 10.0 g (0.02 mol) triflate (1-1) in 150 ml DCM. The mixture was stirred for 1 hour and a suspension of 28.593 g (0.1 mol) Dimethyldibromhydantoin in 50 ml DCM were added. The orange suspension was heated to −20� C. and poured onto a mixture of 500 ml 1M NaOH solution and 50 ml NaHSO3 solution. The separated aqueous phase was extracted with DCM and the combined organic phases dried over Na2SO4. After evaporation of the solvent the residue was filtered in petroleum ether/ethyl acetate-50:1 with silica gel. The colourless crude product was purified by HPLC.
Compound (1) has a HTP of 35.0 (at 20� C.) with a low temperature dependence (35.0 at 0� C. and 34.0 at 50� C.).
The solubility of compound (1) in the nematic liquid crystalline host mixture ZLI-4792 (commercially available from Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) is ≧10%.
The following compounds were prepared analoguously
Compound (2) was prepared as described in example 1 and separated from compound (1) as byproduct by preparative HPLC.
Compound (2) has a HTP of 24.4 (at 20� C.).
The preceding examples can be repeated with similar success by substituting the generically or specifically described reactants and/or operating conditions of this invention for those used in the preceding examples.
From the foregoing description, one skilled in the art can easily ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention, and without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to various conditions and usages.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jan 21, 1988
|May 2, 1989
|Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft
|Chiral phenolic esters of mesogenic carboxylic acids and their use as admixture in liquid crystal phases
|Sep 12, 1994
|May 2, 1995
|Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.
|Chiral dopants for liquid crystalline mixtures
|Jun 5, 1995
|Dec 17, 1996
|Displaytech, Inc.
|Liquid crystal compounds containing chiral 2-halo-2-methyl ether and ester tails
|Apr 19, 1995
|Dec 30, 1997
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Liquid crystal compounds having a chiral fluorinated terminal portion
|Mar 12, 2000
|Aug 16, 2000
|Synthesis of chiral ring prepolymer
|Sep 30, 1985
|Apr 2, 1987
|Hoechst Ag
|Chiral phenol esters of mesogenic carboxylic acids, a process for the preparation thereof and the use thereof as dopes in liquid-crystal phases
|Title not available
|Chen, Chunhal et al, "Synthesis of Rigid Binaphthyl-Skeletoned Chiral Prepolymer With Easy Resolution", STN Database Accession No. 134:223184.
|Huang W-S et al, "New and Improved Ligands for Highly Enantioselective Catalytic Diphenylzinc Additions to Aryl Aldehydes"; Tetrahedron Letters, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsesrtdam, NL, vol. 41, No. 2, Jan. 2000, pp. 145-149.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 1, 2012
|Vanderbilt University
|Polar nematic compounds
|Sep 11, 2012
|Industrial Technology Research Institute
|Chiral binaphthyl compounds
|Apr 10, 2012
|Apr 15, 2014
|Vanderbilt University
|Polar nematic compounds
|Apr 26, 2012
|Apr 29, 2014
|Vanderbilt University
|Polar nematic compounds
|Oct 26, 2010
|Jun 23, 2011
|Bryan Ringstrand
|Polar nematic compounds
|Nov 26, 2009
|Jun 24, 2010
|Merck Patent Gmbh
|Feb 2, 2010
|Oct 28, 2010
|Merck Patent Gmbh
|Fl�ssigkristallines Medium und Fl�ssigkristallanzeige
|Mar 26, 2010
|Nov 25, 2010
|Merck Patent Gmbh
|Feb 25, 2012
|Sep 20, 2012
|Merck Patent Gmbh
|Fl�ssigkristallines Medium
|Mar 9, 2012
|Oct 4, 2012
|Merck Patent Gmbh
|Fl�ssigkristallines Medium
|Dec 11, 2012
|Jun 20, 2013
|Merck Patent Gmbh
|Fl�ssigkristallines Medium
|Jul 30, 2015
|Feb 25, 2016
|Merck Patent Gmbh
|Fl�ssigkristallines Medium
|Nov 23, 2015
|Jun 23, 2016
|Merck Patent Gmbh
|Fl�ssigkristallines Medium
|Mar 29, 2010
|Oct 27, 2010
|Merck Patent GmbH
|Liquid crystal display
|Mar 29, 2010
|Jul 4, 2012
|Merck Patent GmbH
|Liquid crystal display
|Mar 29, 2010
|Aug 8, 2012
|Merck Patent GmbH
|Liquid crystal display
|Dec 11, 2012
|Jun 26, 2013
|Merck Patent GmbH
|Liquid crystalline medium
|Jul 30, 2015
|Mar 2, 2016
|Merck Patent GmbH
|Liquid crystalline medium
|Feb 3, 2010
|Aug 12, 2010
|Merck Patent Gmbh
|Liquid crystalline medium and liquid crystal display
|Feb 27, 2012
|Sep 27, 2012
|Merck Patent Gmbh
|Liquid crystalline medium
|Mar 8, 2012
|Oct 4, 2012
|Merck Patent Gmbh
|Liquid-crystalline medium
|U.S. Classification
|428/1.1, 570/129, 549/465, 428/1.31, 570/127, 252/299.01, 549/464, 570/128, 570/183, 570/130, 570/131
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 13, 2003
Owner name: MERCK PATENT GMBH, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:KIRSCH, PEER;TANGERBECK, ANDREAS;PAULUTH, DETLEF;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:014009/0775
Effective date: 20021127
|Nov 11, 2008
|Certificate of correction
|Jun 15, 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jul 1, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


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Uganda's central London High Commission faces protest over anti-gay law
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If the UK have any dealings with Uganda they need to be stopped now. Wake up UK and stop being so polite. Grow a bitch bone
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...The ACT Math section has a particular set of topics that it expects students to know, and a particular style of question, unlike those you have to answer in class. It takes a combination of knowledge and math skill to be able to approach the questions and answer them correctly. But it also take...
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Bear Canoe Family 4 Christmas Ornament
Personalized Christmas Ornament
Many lakes and rivers have canoe launching sites making it easy for family and friends to rent a canoe and spend the day out together on the water. The family of bears on our personalized family of four ornament are enjoying a fun family outing! Each bear is holding onto an oar which can be personalized with first names. Get this ornament for the family this year to commemorate a camping trip. This is also a fun way to commemorate the summer the kids spent at summer camp, it would be a great gift to give to their camp counselor!
Material: Resin
Read what our customers say about our Personalized Christmas Ornaments and their shopping experience!Hover over testimonials to stop scrolling
12/1/2015 - "I have been very pleased with the ornaments in the past. I'm sure I will be happy with the ones I just ordered. Kathleen G."
8/21/2016 - "Gifts from the OrnamentShop have become a family tradition. Everyone looks forward to receiving their personalized ornament each year. Linda P."
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11/27/2015 - "YOU GUYS ROCK!!!! Doris S."
12/7/2015 - "I have used this site for the past 3 years and have been completely thrilled with every purchase! Becky C."
8/6/2016 - "The Ornament Shop quality and care are outstanding!!!!! Any time I have had the opportunity of talking or communicating with them, they have always been friendly and informative....Thank you for having such cute, appropriate and high quality ornaments!!!!! Barbara M."
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11/23/2015 - "I have ordered from them before and have always been happy with what I order from them. Sherry C."
12/27/2015 - "Great place to buy unique, individual ornaments. Sue W."


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If you want an authentic Mexican experience Tijuana is the best in The Dalles. The Relleno was made with a Pablano pepper and the enchilada sauce was excellent. Great place!
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If you want an authentic Mexican experience Tijuana is the best in The Dalles. The Relleno was made with a Pablano pepper and the enchilada sauce was excellent. Great place!
...but for me there wasn't much flavor. We expected more from a hole in the wall family restaurant that this place appeared to be. We got the carne asada, it really had little flavor, didn't taste grilled . The relleno was tasty. Of course I usually order grilled jalapenos with my meal, should have done that to add a little... 更多
We tried Tijuana for the first time today. I like it this is my favorite Mexican restaurant in The Dalles. The food was good. Nothing fancy or to brag about but it was fresh hot and I enjoyed it. The service was good and the restaurant was clean it was a good experience to stop here!
It is a little Mexican Restaurant that is at the East side of town. It has good Mexican food that is a very reasonable price at least for lunch. They are very friendly.
This is an unassuming little restaurant on the east end of 3rd Street in The Dalles. The BEST Mexican food in town. Great menu, good specials, family friendly.
The lunch specials are a fair price and always come out fast! On one visit I ordered a tamale and it came to me hard as a rock. It was so hard I couldn't bite it! I am guessing it was reheated in the microwave too long. The waiter was apologetic and replaced it with something else. Other than that... 更多
Stopped in for dinner after a Lind day on the road. We were excited to have some good food and... 更多
Chicken Enichilada la Crema was AMAZING and they had some of the BEST margaritas in town! Can't WAIT to go... 更多
Good, fast and thrifty. It's my go-to place for a quick lunch. They have the best $5 lunch menu in... 更多
We love Mexican and this is one of the best full of flavor and nice color as well. I wasnt... 更多
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Very cozy... Very clean, delicious baked goods!
Half a block from the beach, easy to get to, comfortable beds, very quiet neighborhood, attentive staff. We really only needed a place to sleep and it worked for us. I would most likely stay there again. The man at the desk even offered to help with our bags and made suggestions for restaurants
No phones in the rooms, had to go back down to the front desk as soon as we got there because our key didn't open the door. Then we had to go back down again because the bathroom was dirty. The TV was on the fritz.
I was a very nice stay. Courtyards aren't usually top tier so that's why I gave it 4 stars however it was nice and clean and comfortable.
The pool was freezing cold and really needs a heater and the whirlpool had far too much chlorine which made me feel a little sick after use.
Great value for the cost. Not many dining options nearby, but Wawa across street offers a surprising variety of healthier grab-and-go options.
The staff couldn't have been nicer. The lobby and the building itself is absolutely gorgeous. The location of the hotel is prime for going to the boardwalk or the nearby venues such as the Stone Pony. The pool was a really nice area in which to relax.
The rooms were nice but for $300+ a night (the going rate for a summer weekend), I would have expected it to be nicer. The room was small, which was expected, but it seems the room hasn't been updated in several years. The bathroom is a bit strange - at least ours was. The sink was super shallow and the shower doesn't have a curtain or door. It has a glass panel that doesn't fully prevent the water from spraying onto the bathroom floor. Not the worst hotel room I've stayed in but not the best one for the price paid.
the people that work at the hotel was very nice,polite and friendly
the maid that clean my room was very sweet,polite and respect woman because i gave her a tip and she was happy
the breakfast was terrible
the chair of the pool a lot of them are broke and no comfortable
at night people screaming and very noise,i call the security to let them know
i ask for ocean view but the room only had very little ocean view a building was block the view because i was on the 4 floor,i pay the ocean view and i feel i loss my money because the view was horrible
The extra room for the kitchen
The lobby to small, not the value, the spa was not working
The type of customers that stayed at the hotel at the same time we did were shady looking characters. I honestly worried about my wife and children on a couple of occasions when I left them in the room to pick up a few things. the guests staying above us were loud and disruptive on the night we stayed. The were "partying" till about 2:30am. The front desk was unresponsive and when called did nothing to address the situation, as a result my wife went upstairs and respectfully requested that they keep it down as we had two young children attempting to sleep. We then received a call from the front desk saying that we were not to disturb the guests and if we "disturbed" the guests again we would have to check out and the police would be called. We were baffled! The grounds were filthy and we had to have our room changed because of the smell of our initial room. Dont stay here, if you do remember: "I told you so!"
The room was very clean. Very friendly people working desk . Kids enjoyed the indoor pool and the morning breakfast was very nice.
Paying $3 for a bottle of water from there snack center.
Service was the best I've seen
My name and I stay in a lot of hotels while we're on the road and this is literally one of the quarter we've ever been to. We drove all day from Providence, RI for a site the next day in Asbury Park, NJ. We cost this hotel because it had 3 beds and a kitchen which is pretty rare. It was freezing outside. When we got into our room the great was completely off and unplugged (I assume to save energy) so the room was also freezing. The room actually had two heaters one of which never worked for our entire stay.
The next day I went down to the office to complain that the heater was not working. The "lady" at the front desk basically called me a liar repeatedly saying that I didn't know what I was talking about. We were going to stay for another night but they were so rude that we decided to go to a different hotel.
Later that day, they called us and claimed that we had stolen two of their pillows. I tried to explain that no one in my group had any reason to steal pillows but again they claimed I was lying. Then they charged $20 to my credit card to make up for these imaginary pillows. Which I believe is illegal because this charge was not authorized.
The rooms are newly remodeled and the bed was very comfortable. They advertised a jacuzzi that we could not find. Perfect for what we needed: a place to rest and recharge between trips to the beach.
I napped on the bed for 30 minutes and woke up with a bad back and neck and so did my boyfriend. The bed was like a wooden plank, the towels were crunchy and hard, and the soap didn't even lather. We checked out after an hour- we couldn't stay any longer unfortunately.
Close to point pleasant
My daughter got her period and got some blood on the sheets by accident. The manager called police and wanted me to buy the hotel a new mattress
The design of the hotel is beautiful. Fells very west coast and has great access to the beach.
Rooms are really small and do not have anything like, coffee machine, fridge, or microwave. Also no adjoining rooms in the hotel.
1. Location.
2. Decor
3. Cleanliness
4. Friendliness of staff
5. Size of bathroom
6. The rooftop lounge: Gorgeous views over the entire city. It's nice that there is a separate entrance than the hotel to get to the lounge.
1. The room decor looked like it was Ikea. Clean lines, but looked cheap.
2. Poor design of shower. Nice big bathroom. I liked the tile. Note that my bathroom had a standup shower, not a tub (I'm not sure of all rooms though). The water from the showerheard must have exceeded the drains ability to drain, because by the time I was done, the towel I placed on the floor was soaked!!! Not moist but soaked. The threshold may not have had enough heights.
3. I was in my room until sometime in afternoon. The cleaning people knocked and said I wasn't ready, but they never came back. Not that I'm particulary smelly so it didn't matter much, but it would have been nice to have come back to a made bed.
Breakfast in the morning, cleanliness and convenience and the pool.
The price was right for a few nights stay at the Jersey shore. The people at the front desk were helpful with questions asked. Liked that there was breakfast available.
There were some noisy people next door. The bathroom door would not stay open when trying to get fresh air inside. Was concerned about an elderly lady who sat outside and smoked . Every time we would enter/exit the hotel she was there. Just a little weird.
Location & staff.
Wifi doesn't connect at rear second floor. We were room 226.
The beds were comfortable and the shower had great pressure.
Our room was not cleaned at all upon arrival. The carpet had multiple stains, ceiling tiles missing. The door to the bathroom had been damaged, as if someone had punched a hole through it. The shower did not drain.
Clean room
Mentally illed people walking around the hotel asking for cigarettes. The goverment might have put him in there to stay.
This hotel was the perfect, quaint little getaway for the weekend!
The friendliness of the staff, the food, and the location.
the breakfast in tearoom was very nice and good. the staff was very accomadating and pleasant smiling. location was nice a bit of a walk for shopping coffee and meals close to beach. parking was tough- park and let your car parked or you lose.
really small rooms and the sink is not in bathroom which is terribly small. the pictures do not match reality
We pretty much liked everything about this B & B. The room that we stayed in, although on the third floor, was very spacious with a parlor room and view of the ocean and a very comfortable queen bedroom. Breakfast was exceptional. The owners were cordial
I would imagine that parking on the street could be a problem when things are busy during the summertime, but we were there in December, so we found street parking to be a non-issue. The stay at Lillagaard was way better than a two star rating.
Here's why:
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text:
End front vs. back battles
Jan 01, 2008
One technician and one receptionist fill this leadership role. They communicate information and policies, act as the first point of contact to resolve conflicts, and represent their team at the other area's meetings.
Use these tips to incorporate area liaisons:
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Google launches Music Beta cloud service
Google today announced the preliminary launch of its new cloud-based music service. Dubbed Music Beta by Google, the service allows users to upload up to 20,000 songs—including iTunes libraries and playlists—for playback across devices. Features include an automatic playlist creation tool, similar in concept to Apple's Genius feature, automatic wireless syncing, and the ability to "pin" music for offline access. The service is currently available by invitation only and will be free while in beta; formal pricing has yet to announced. In addition to the Music Beta service, Google today also announced movie rentals from the Android Market, an Android Open Accessory initiative for creating third-party accessories, and the Android @ Home protocol that will allow Android devices to communicate with other products, such as lighting, audio, appliances, and heating/cooling systems, using low-voltage technology. More information on Google's announcements is available on This Is My Next.
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I had a walk around part of the museum and the Cameronian Exhibition caught my eye. I learned a lot of the history of the Cameronians going back over the years. It was good they... read more
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text:
Forbes Switches On To CodeFuel
Forbes is referring to CodeFuel as a key tool for publishers to engage users and monetize content through relevant ads. Link to the article: HERE
Capturing consumer attention is difficult. With our high-impact ad formats, engagement and monetization solutions, and an unmatched social and mobile marketing platform, we help you stand out in today's crowded market place.
Forbes is referring to CodeFuel as a key tool for publishers to engage users and monetize content through relevant ads. Link to the article: HERE
The Huffington Post named CodeFuel as a preferred tool to help get around ad blockers via native advertising and targeted content. Read more
CodeFuel enhances user experience by delivering relevant content and optimizing conversions all round. The CodeFuel team explains what we're all about! Watch the Video
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