text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Jun 12, 1962
|Filing date
|Oct 11, 1960
|Priority date
|Oct 11, 1960
|Publication number
|Guerth Fritz A
|Original Assignee
|Guerth Fritz A
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (22), Classifications (9)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
June 12, 1962 F. A. GUERTH 3,039,002
ELECTROOPTICAL TRACKING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 11, 1960 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 TARGET AUTOMATIC OPTICAL Q TRACKING UNIT F I g".
' '--u---- -n-- n LINE SCAN 1 L} (e) 3 LINE SCAN I (d) -2 LINE SCAN (c) I LINE SCAN I (b) ONE FIELD CENTER LINESCAN I Io) SCAN LINE SCAN i (f) +2 LINE SCAN I I l +3 LINE SCAN i (h) I I l +n L'INE SCAN CENTER LINE SCAN MEMORIZED BY STORAGE DEVICE 66 OF FIG. I
.CENTER LINEOF SUBSEQUENT r" I I I I I FIELD (NO TARGET MOVEMENT) CENTER LINE OF SUBSEQUENT FIELD (ASSUMED TARGET MOVEMENT) 3L|NE S'CANIWAVEIMOF SUBSEQUENT FIELD(ASSUMED (p) TARGET MOVEMENT TO RIGHT) WAVEIKI'MATCHES wAvE(p) I (-3 LINE SCAN) AFTER FORMER (q) HAS BEEN INVERTED IN PHASE INVENTOR.
FRITZ A.GUERTH F i 3 $5 v EMWN'AIGENT I ATTORNEY June 12, 1962 F. A. GUERTH ELECTROOPTICAL TRACKING APPARATUS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 11, 1960 .rDo Own;
v INVENTOR.
FRITZ A. GUERTH United States Free 3 039 002 ELECTROOPTICAL huhcrcmo APPARATUS Fritz A. Guerth, Camarillo, Califi, assignor to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy Filed Oct. 11, 1960, Ser. No. 62,061 7 Claims. (Cl. 250-403) (Granted under Title 35, US. Code (1952), sec. 266) The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government of the United States of America for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalties thereon or therefor.
The present invention relates to tracking controls of the type intended to regulate the orientation, or direction of aim, of a television pickup tube or photographic camera in a manner to cause such tube or camera to follow the path of a moving airborne object such as a guided missile. After being recorded on some suitable medium, the trajectory of the object being tracked can be subsequently evaluated and/ or analyzed to yield information as to certain aspects of missile performance.
Many types of apparatus are avail-able by means of which an operator can vary the position of such a tracking device by observing the missile during flight and then manually actuating in selective fashion a pair of controls to maintain the optical assembly in correct alignment with the moving object. In other words, the tracking unit is mounted in such a manner as to be rotatable from side to side (azimuth) or tilted in an upward or downward direction (elevation). These horizontal and vertical camera movements are customarily brought about by selective energiz-ation of a pair of servomotors, the magnitude of this energization being determined by the tracker himself as for example through changes in the setting of potentiometers incorporated in the respective 'servomotor circuits.
When systems of the above type are utilized, it has been found that considerable difficulty exists in achieving a precise alignment of the camera with the object being tracked due to the inability of even an experienced operator to accurately follow the flight of a high-speed target such as a guided missile. Consequently, automatic or semiautomatic systems have been developed which incorporate optical (or electrooptical) components receiving light from the target and translating changes in target position into electrical variations which are then selectively applied to the repositioning servo-motors. Such an automatic control system may include such optical components as photoelectric cells the output of which is normally balanced at a predetermined magnitude when the tracking camera is properly aligned, but which becomes unbalanced when the target, because of changes in its speed or trajectory, becomes displaced frorn'its previous location in the field of view of the camera. The unbalanced currents thus generated cause an acceleration or deceleration of the respective driving motors to thereby restore the central position of the target as imaged by the tracking apparatus. Normally the camera unit and the control circuitry are physically associated in the same housing and movable as a unit, so that the field of view of the camera essentially coincides with that of the control apparatus.
' The principal disadvantage in automatic or semiauto matic tracking systems of the type discussed above is that positional information concerning the target is customarily derived by obtaining an electrical variation representative of the targets position, and then differentiating this signal to generate a sharp pulse. The displacement of this pulse with respect to -a previously-developed pulse is then indicative of target movement in a particular direction. It has been found that when the target is at a considerable distance from the tracking camera, or when it is partially obscured as a result by atmospheric conditions, the pulse thus generated may be extremely weak and diflicult to separate from other pulses induced by noise or by a nonuniform background. Consequently, in such cases the tracking servos do not necessarily receive control energy of such a magnitude as to maintain correct target alignment.
In accordance with one feature of the present invention, the above-mentioned drawback is overcome by developing a number of iepresenatations of some particu lar target characteristic (such as parallel boundaries or surface lines) and then requiring a positional coincidence not only of one of these representations, but of the entire group or set thereof. Thus, there. is little chance of a sharp noise pulse being tracked in. error following a movement of the target between successive scans, as the complete picture of the missile or other target is utilized for comparison purposes. The tracking process is accordingly made more precise and its reliability greatly enhanced.
In accordance with another feature of the present invention, an automatic optical tracking system is provided which makes use of a pair of television pickup tubes designed to respectively yield information concerning the azimuthal and elevational characteristics of a target being tracked. A fundamental principle underlying the operation of the concept resides in scanning the o-bjects field of "view in such a manner that successive scans are parallel but progressively ofiset with respect to one another in a lateral direction. The result is that each field scanned by a particular pickup tube is canted or skewed in a direction designated as vertical in television terminology. Between such pickup tube and the target, or, in other words, in the optical path of light arriving at the tracking apparatus, are two condensing lenses respectively associated with the azimuthal and elevational pickup tubes. These lenses serve to focus the impinging light in a single direction only, so that each line scan of one pickup tube (representing the targets elevation, for example) will contain identical information. Thus the wave form of each line scan will be identical for a predetermined number of such line scans in either direction from the midpoint of the raster. Expressed still diiferently, the video output of the camera tube, for a selected number of line sweeps, will be repeated in a cyclic manner.
The present concept contemplates storing energy representing the center line scan of the pickup tube for a period of time covering several cycles of operation of the tracking apparatus. After such an interval, the target field of View is again scanned in the same manner as before, and all of the line scans developed thereby are compared with the prior center line scan which has been stored by some suitable memory device. If there has been no movement of the target between the two field-scanning operations, then the center line scan of the subsequentlyscanned field will be identical in phase (position) to the stored energy, and, if one of these two Wave forms is inverted in polarity, the output resulting from their addition will be zero. However, if there has been a target movement between these two field-scanning actions, then the stored line scan will not exactly match the center line scan of the last-developed field, but, due to the canted configuration of successive line scans in this latter field, the center line scan first developed will find its counterpart in a line scan of the latter field which occurs either prior to the stored center line scan or subsequent thereto insofar as the field mid-point is concerned. In other words, "matching of the center line scan of the firstdeveloped field will take place either above or below the center of the last-developed scanning field. Accordingly, the waveform of the memorized line scan will find its counterpart above or below the center line scan of the I last-developed field, assuming that target movement has occurred- If such movement has been in one particular direction (say, for example, to the right), thenthe matching will occur above the center of the last-developed field, while, in the same way, if target movement has been, for example,to the lefnthen matching will occur below such center field point. Conventional elec tronic comparison circuits can develop from this match tions with respect thereto.
and also means for causing it to move in a vertical plane (elevational control). Such means have not been illus-' trated inthedrawing since they may be of conventional nature, consisting for example of a pair of servo motors selectively energized either manually by the tracking operator or automatically by voltages derived from tracking action an error voltage which is of one pol-aritywhen the rnatching" occurs above the center field point and ofoppositepolarity when the matching occurs below such point. 'This error voltage is applied in a conventional fashion to the servo motors of the tracking appara' tus to realign the latter in the manner described. The basic advantage of .applicants system as compared to prior arrangements resides in the matching of apair of complete line scans, rather than a pair of isolated pulses,
since each line scan includes a, number of indications representative of some particular target characteristic.
- One object ofthe present invention, therefore, is to providean'improvecl electroopticaltrackingsystem of the type incorporating automatic repositioning controls.
- Another object of the invention is to provide an electuo optical tracking system employing a pair of television pickup tubes respectively designed to yield azimuthal and clevational information concerning amoving target such as a guidedmissiler v time, and then portions of thetwo scannings compared in such a manner thatdiscrepancy therebetween. initiates a reorientation of'the tracking apparatus.
Other objects and many of the attendant advantages detailed description when considered in connection with theaccompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an automatic optical tracking unit designed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a detailed showing of certain of the components included in the tracking control portion of FIG. 1, together with a presentation of one manner in which control voltages may be derived therefrom for effecting a reorientation of the tracking camera; and
FIG. 3 is a set of wave forms useful in explaining the operation of the circuit of FIG. 2.
Referring first to FIG. 1 of the drawings, there is shown an automatic optical tracking unit which is generally designated by the reference numeral 10. This unit 10 includes in more or loss standard fashion a camera 12 and a set of tracking controls 14 the design and operation of which will be set forth in connection with a description of FIG. 2 of the drawings. At the present time it need only be understood that the camera 12 and the controls 14 are rigidly positioned within the unit 10 in such fashion that they may be optically aligned as a unit with a target 16. The arrangement of the assemblies 12 and 14 is such that any object which is within the field of view of the camera 12 is also within the field of view of the optical components associated with the tracking controls 14. Expressed differently, an object which is centrally located in the field of the tracking controls 14 will also be imaged centrally in the focal plane of the camera 12. However, arrangements of this nature are now known in the art, and merely serve to provide a background for the novel features of applioants invention to be subsequently described. The tracking unit 1%) is mounted in universal fashion upon a rigid foundation so that it is movable in two mutually perpendicular direcing apparatus 14.
In order that the unit 10 of FIG. 1 accurately track the target 16-when the latterundergoes changes in speed and/r direction, it is desirable thatsuch changes.- be translated into electrical variations suitable for energizing one or both of the positioning controls according to the nature of these changes. InFIG. 2 of the drawings there is illustrated a preferred form of circuit for aocom- I plishing this result. Before considering the showing of FIG. 2, it should be understood thatcert-ain of the com ponents of the tracking control 14 are illustrated incom nection with otherelements which need not be directly incorporated in the tracking unit but are merely shown as being associated therewith for the sake of convenience of description.
Y Referring again momentarily to FIG- 1,-itwill be appreciated that the camera 12 receives light from the target I 16 along an optical pathltl, and that the tracking control "mechanism 14 similarly receives light from target: '16
along an optical pathZll. The angular relationshipbe tween the light paths 18 and 20-is greatly exaggerated in 'the'drawing, and in practicethese twopaths are essentially parallel to one another. I
The optical path 29 represented by the single brokenline' "in'FIG. Iis in reality made up of a bundle of parallel light rays, as schematically set forth in FIG. 2. These light rays 20 from target 16 impinge upon one surface of a semitransparent plane mirror22which forms parts of the tracking control apparatus '14 of FIG. 1. For conof this invention will be readily appreciated as thesame:
venience of description, the target 16 is assumed to include at least two vertical boundaries 24 and at least two horizontal boundaries. 26. The reason for this assumption I I I will later become apparent.
The semitransparent plane mirror 22 lies at an angle of approximately 45 to the optical path 20 and is of a design which transmits therethrough a portion of each impinging light ray 2t) and reflects a portion of such light ray, this reflection being at an angle essentially to the path of the arriving energy. Positioned in the path of the light passing through mirror 22 is a lens 28 which is of semicylindrical configuration-i.e., the lens 28 acts to compress and bring to a focus rays representing those portions 26 of the target 16 which extend horizontally, or essentially parallel to the principal axis of the lens. How ever, those light rays representing the vertical boundaries 24 of target 16 will not be thus focused, and will not yield an image in the focal plane of the lens. Consequently, the horizontal boundaries 26 of target 16 will form, on a plane surface 30, a pair of essentially parallel spaced-apart traces 32 and 34- which are respectively associated optically with the two horizontal boundaries 26 of the target. However, as above stated, the vertical boundaries 24 of target 16. will not appear in the focal plane 30 of lens 28 due to the optical nature of this component. It the surface 30 forms the photosensitive screen of a television pickup tube 35, such as a Vidicon, then the traces 32 and 34 will develop on the mosaic a charge image which can be traversed by the electron scanning beam of the-tube. The plane of the photosensitive screen of the Vidicon 35 has been angularly displaced in the drawing to more clearly show the traces 32. and 34 formed thereon.
The ray portions reflected at an angle of substantially 90 to the principal light path by the ,semitransparent mirror 22 fall upon a further cylindrical lens 36 which may be similar in all respects to lens 28 except that it is positioned in a manner essentially perpendicular thereto.
Although notshown in the drawing, the unit 10 of FIG. 1 possesses means 'for causing it to move in a horizontal plane (azimuthal control) As a result, the vertical boundaries 24 of target 16 (which formed no effective image on the focal plane 30 after passing through lens 28) now yield a pair of parallel spaced-apart vertical traces 38 and 40 on a planar surface 42 which, as in the case of surface 30, may comprise the photosensitive screen of a further television pickup tube 44.
Each of the components 28, 35, 36 and 44 may be incorporated within the housing of the tracking unit of FIG. '1. In cases where the target is at a considerable distance from the tracking apparatus, the two Vidicons 35 and 44 may be placed side-by-side so that their axes are essentially parallel to one another, and the mirror 22 omitted. In any event, the orientation of the lenses 28 and 36 with respect to the optical path varies as a function of changes in the speed and/ or direction of movement of the target 16.
The television pickup tubes and 44 are each provided with means for deflecting the electron scanning beam thereof in two mutually perpendicular directions. In the case of the tube 35, this means comprises a pair of line deflection coils 46 and a pair of field deflection coils 48. The tube 44- is similarly equipped, but such deflection means is not included in the drawings. The output of the Vidicon 35 provides an elevational control for the tracking unit 10, while the output of the Vidicon 44 provides an azimuthal control. Since the circuitry for generating each of these control voltages is identical, only the elevational control components have been illustrated in the drawing. It will be understood that a set of elements similar to those set forth in FIG. 2 are employed in connection with the Vidicon 44 to develop a control voltage for application to the azimuthal servo motors (not shown) of the unit 10.
For the purpose of applicants invention, it is necessary that the electron scanning beam 50 of the Vidicon 35 be so deflected that it scans the photosensitive screen 30 with the direction of each line traversal of the beam being essentially normal to the parallel charge images represented by the traces 32 and 34. This direction of line scanning is indicated in FIG. 2 of the drawings by an arrow. Inasmuch as these charge images 32 and 34 extend completely across the screen of the Vidicon 35, each line scan of the beam 50 will yield an identical output which appears in an output conductor 52. Successive line scans are vertically displaced from one another as in conventional television practice by current flowing through the coils 48 from a field deflection generator 54. Normally each line scan would positionally be displaced in but a single direction from the next preceding line scan to form a raster area of generally rectangular configuration. However, in accordance with an important feature of the present concept, successive line scans are additionally displaced or offset laterally in a horizontal direction, so that those points representing the initiation of each line scan define a line which bears an angular relationship to the vertical. Expressed differently, the raster formed by all of the line scans making up a single field is not rectangular, but instead canted or skewed so that the outline of the raster defines a parallelogram.
This skewing effect is produced by means of circuit 56 which adds a progressively increasing bias to the output of the field deflection generator 54. As will be set forth later in a discussion of FIG. 3, successive line scans on the screen 30 will yield output wave forms in conductor 52 having the general appearance of curves a through 1', each line scan being displaced laterally in the manner illustrated. Both the field deflection generator 54 and the line deflection generator 58 are synchronized from a master oscillator 60, the output of the latter being applied to the generator 54 through a trigger circuit 62. The action of the trigger circuit 62 is to cyclically select in regular sequence a portion of the output of the oscillator 60 to energize the deflection generator 54, since, for the purpose of applicants invention, it is only necessary that certain selected fields be scanned by the Vidicon 35,
such, for example, as every tenth field of those which would normally occur in regular sequence. The reason for this mode of operation is to allow the screen 30 to be fully discharged by the impingement of light thereon between successive scannings bythe electron beam 50.
The output of the Vidicon 35 (which consists of successive line scans of the screen 30 in the direction indicated by the arrow in the drawing) is applied both to a center line selector 64 and to a wave comparator 66. The center line selector 64 also receives the output of field deflection generator 54. This selector 64 acts as a gate which opens when the field deflection saw-tooth energy reaches a predetermined level to permit the output of tube 35 to pass therethrough to a memory, or storage device 68. Expressed differently, the unit 64 selects from the video output of tube 35 only the center line scan of a field, this center line scan being represented in FIG. 3 by the wave form a. Such single line scan is stored by the memory device 68 for utilization in a manner to be subsequently explained. The center line selector 64 may be a conventional vacuum tube-operated gate to which the output of the field deflection generator 54 is applied so that the video signal is passed through the gate only at a predetermined potential level of the field deflection energy.
It is a principal objective of the present concept to determine what, if any, movement of target 16 occurs within a predetermined time period, and then to utilize the information thus obtained to bring about a reorientation of the tracking apparatus. In brief, this is accomplished by storing data representing some characteristic of the target 16 at a particular instant of time, and then comparing this stored data with information concerning the same characteristic which is derived after a predetermined interval. Any discrepancy between the respective bits of information thus compared will be indicative of the amount of target movement as well as the particular direction in which such movement occurs.
In accordance with this objective, the data stored by the memory device 68 consists of the center line scan (wave a in FIG. 3) of a particular field deflection of the electron beam 50 of Vidicon 35. It will be recalled that the trigger circuit 62 functions to select only those particular field deflections which are to be utilized for the purpose of this comparison. Furthermore, memory device 68 (which may be a standard storage tube of the write-erase type, or a sensitized drum the speed of rotation of which is synchronized with the operation of the field deflection generator 54) retains the information present in the center line of a particular field selected by the trigger circuit 62, and then presents this stored information during the next subsequent field scanning the time of occurrence of which is determined by the amount of frequency division incorporated into the circuit 62. In any event, the output of the memory device 63 represents a single line scan of the Vidicon screen 39, this line scan occurring in the center of one particular field represented by a complete traversal in both directions of screen 30 by the electron beam 50.
Due to the action of the skewing circuit 56, the video output of tube 35 as it appears in conductor '52 will be made up of individual line scans which are time-displaced with respect to one another as brought out in FIG. 3 of the drawings. The bias imposed by the skewing circuit 56 on the field deflection energy will result in a regular displacement of successive line scans in a direction which appears as horizontal in the drawings. For example, with wave form a of FIG. 3 representing the center line scan of a particular field, then a number of prior line scans can be represented by wave forms 12, c, d and e. In similar fashion, subsequent line scans in the same field may be designated by wave forms 1, g, h and j. In practice it has been found desirable to select a definite number of lines (such as 10, for example, between n and +n) both above and below the center line scan in order to achieve optimum operation. As will be noted in FIG. 3, a reg- 7 ular cyclic displacement of these successive line scans occurs from left to right to form a raster having the configuration of a parallelogram.
The center line selector 64 in effect picks out the middle line scan from each field as initiated by the trigger circuit 62, the data represented by this wave being stored by the memory device 68. This energy thus stored is designated as curve k in FIG. 3, which is identical in all respects to curve :2.
During the next subsequent field scan of the Vidicon screen 30, the elfective output of the tube (that is, those line scans lying between -n and +12 as indicated in FIG. 3) is applied directly to the wave comparator 66. This wave comparator 66 may be of any conventional design, such, for example, as a transformer having a core 72 and a pair of primary windings 74 and 76 to which are respectively applied the output of the storage device 68 and the video signal from the Vidicon 35. The windings '74 and 76 of the transformer are wound in phase opposition, so that equal voltages applied thereto will result in a cancellation of energy and no current will flow through a secondary coil 78 to an output conductor 80.
Referring again to FIG. 3 it will be seen that, when there has been no change in the speed or direction of movement of target 16 between successive field scans of the Vidicon screen 30, then the center line scans of successive fields will coincide. This is shown by the relationship between wave forms k and 121. Since the stored data k is effectively inverted in phase by the manner in which coil 74- is wound, equal and opposite currents will flow through windings 74 and 76, and the output of coil 78 as it appears in conductor 80 will be zero. If it is assumed, however, that there has been a change in the positional characteristics of the target during this time period, then the center line scan of the next field following the storage of line scan k by the memory device 68 will be displaced either to the right or to the left as shown in wave forms b through j of FIG. 3. An assumed target movement to cause a center line displacement to the right is represented by wave form n. It is seen that wave forms k and n no longer coincide in phase (time).
The memorized information k will, however, essentially match one of the wave forms [1 through j regardless of the direction of target movement and of its mag nitude within the capabilities of the apparatus. Inasmuch as a complete set of line scans is being applied to the wave comparator an over conductor 52 for the field being last presented, the output of the memory device 63 must necessarily be in substantial phase coincidence with one of these particular line scans. In FIG. 3 of the drawings the movement of the target has been such that wave form It matches the --3 line scan of such field as represented by wave form d, this latter scan being displaced to the right due to the action of the skewing circuit 56. Inasmuch as the respective scans to be matched are applied to the phase-opposed coils 74 and 76, cancellation of output in conductor 30 now occurs above the center line of the fieldi.e., at an instant prior to that when the respective line scans would have coincided if no target movement had taken place.
The servo motors (not shown) connected to the clevational and azimuthal control devices for the tracking unit 155 are arranged to be responsive to positive and negative pulses, which determine the duration and magnitude of their operation. This is standard practice. Assuming that the servo motor control circuit is designed so that line scan -n develops a positive-going pulse to initiate operation of a particular servo motor to the left (for example) and that all line scans below that which produce a zero output yield a negative pulse, then it will be seen that when matching of wave form k occurs at the center line of the subsequently-scanned field, the zero output produced at this point will result in balanced positive and negative voltages being developed from an equal 8 number of pulses of each polarity occurring above and below the center line a as shown in FIG. 3. However, when matching" occurs at some other time instant (as that chosen for an example in the drawing where wave form 2 is matched with wave form k at the 3 line scan) then the number of positive pulses will be reduced while the number of negative pulses will be increased. This will yield an unbalanced output to the servo motor to result in a realignment of the optical tracking unit 10.
The above mode of operation will be readily understood if it is appreciated that all line scans in one direction from the center initiate pulses of a particular polarity, and that all line scans in the opposite direction from center initiate pulses of the other polarity. If match ing occurs in the exact center of the field, the number of positiveand negative-going pulses will be equal, and no acceleration or deceleration of the servo motor will take place. In other words, for a steady target, the impulses applied to the respective right and left servo motors are equal, and result in effective cancellation of any acceleration component. However, for a target moving (say to the right), the impulse difference (I -I is proportional to target movement between the two fields that are compared, and will be positive to actuate the tracking unit It to the right. On the other hand, if the target moves to the left, the impulse difference (I -I causes the servo motor to actuate the tracking unit to the left. It has been mentioned above that similar effects are developed in an azimuthal direction, but since they are identical to those set forth above they will not be discussed in detail.
Obviouslymany modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in the light of the above teachings. It is, therefore, to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.
I claim:
1. An electrooptical tracking system by means of which a camera is caused to follow an airborne target the speed and/ or direction of movement of which is subject to variation, and wherein said camera is provided with electroresponsive apparatus for controlling its orientation with respect to both elevation and azimuth, said tracking system comprising: optical means for dividing the light received thereby, such light including illumination representative of said target, and directing the light so divided along two separate paths; a lens in each of the two said light paths, the lens in each path acting to derive from the light impinging thereon one particular characteristic of said target, each of said lenses also acting to develop this target characteristic so derived in a focal plane lying essentially normal to the path of the light received by the lens; a pair of photosensitive cathode-ray pickup tubes, one tube being so positioned that its screen lies essentially in the focal plane of the target characteristic developed by one of said lenses, and the other tube being so positioned that its screen lies essentially in the focal plane of the target characteristic developed by the remaining lens; means for deflecting the cathode-ray beam of each of the said pickup tubes in two mutually perpendicular line scanning and field scanning directions to traverse the respective screens thereof; means for progressively offsetting each line scanning action of each cathode-ray tube in a direction parallel to such line scan to result in an efiective raster area having the configuration of a nonrectangular parallelogram; means associated with each cathode-ray tube for selecting and memorizing from the output of each field scan energy representing only the center line scan thereof; means also associated with each cathode-ray tube for comparing such stored energy with each of the line scans developed in a field produced subsequent to that from which the said center line scan is selected and stored; and means for applying the respective outputs of the two comparing means to the said electroresponsive apparatus to control the orientation of said camera in both elevation and azimuth, whereby said camera is caused to accurately follow the movement of said airborne target.
2. An electrooptical tracking system according to claim 1, in which the lens in each of two separate paths formed by dividing the light received by said optical system from said target is of the semicylindrical type having a focusing efiect in one of two mutually perpendicular directions only, the lens in each separate light path being disposed essentially at right angles to the lens in the other light path.
3. An electrooptical tracking system according to claim 1, in which the said comparing means comprises a transformer having two phase-opposed primary windings to which are respectively applied the output of said memorizing means and the output of said cathode-ray tube as represented by a series of line scans developed in a field produced subsequent to that from which the memorized energy was derived.
4. An electrooptical tracking system according to claim 3, in which the means for progressively offsetting each line scanning action of each cathode-ray tube includes a circuit for adding a periodically increasing bias to the output of the cathode-ray beam line deflecting means.
5. In an electrooptical tracking system, a camera which is selectively movable to follow a moving object so as to produce in the field of view of said camera an image of said object, means for efiecting changes in the orientation of said camera in response to changes in the speed and/ or direction of motion of said object, said last-mentioned means including an optical system associated with said camera for deriving from the light received thereby one characteristic of said object as it appears in the field of view of said optical system, means for producing a single scan across the field of view of said optical system at a particular instant of time to obtain energy representative of said object characteristic, means for storing the energy so obtained, means for producing a further single scan across the identical portion of the field of view of said optical system at a subsequent instant of time, means for comparing the phase displacement, if any, between each corresponding characteristic point of the scan first produced and stored and each characteristic point of the scan subsequently produced, means energized as a function of the direction and magnitude of such phase displacement 1% for generating a control signal, and means for applying the control signal thus generated to eifect a change in the movement of said camera. 1
6. The combination of claim 5, in which the means for comparing the phase displacement, if any, between corresponding characteristic points of the scan first made and stored and that of the scan subsequently produced includes means for developing a number of replicas of said subsequent line scan, certain ones of said replicas being shifted in phase -by different amounts in one direction from said subsequent line scan and certain others of said replicas being shifted in phase by different amounts in the other direction from said subsequent line scan, whereby the scan first produced will at least closely match the phase one of the said replicas, the phase status of the particular replica so matched being determinative of the magnitude and polarity of the control signal applied to the camera orientation means.
7. A system for automatically holding a camera aimed at a selected object moving in the field of view of said camera, said system comprising means for developing in the said camera field of view a particular object characteristic which appears at different points in said field, means for making a first single linear scan in a selected direction completely across the field of view of said cam- I era so that the developed characteristic of said object falls in the path of, and at difierent points in, such linear scan, means for making a second single linear scan of the same nature and in the same direction as said first scan and traversing the same portion of the field of view of said camera but at a time subsequent to that at which said first scan was made, means for comparing the phase displacement between each characteristic point on said first scan and each corresponding point on said second scan, and means for developing a voltage representative of the amount and direction of such phase displacement for automatically holding said camera aimed at the selected object.
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|Us Navy
|Arbs tv tracker
|Apr 26, 1967
|May 4, 1976
|E M I Limited
|Improvements relating to automatic target following apparatus
|Oct 7, 1974
|Dec 20, 1977
|Bowerman William R
|Method and apparatus for enhancing a televised object
|Aug 11, 1982
|Nov 12, 1985
|Conoco Inc.
|Apparatus and method for compensating roll of a scanner platform
|Feb 28, 1990
|Sep 3, 1991
|University Of Florida
|Light detection with waveguide having fully and partially reflecting sides
|Mar 12, 1990
|Feb 25, 1992
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Camera moving apparatus
|Aug 10, 2010
|Lockheed Martin Corporation
|Digital imaging stabilization
|Oct 17, 1967
|Dec 9, 1971
|Thomson Houston Comp Francaise
|System zur automatischen zielverfolgung bei direkter sicht des zieles
|Jan 18, 1972
|Jul 26, 1973
|Leitz Ernst Gmbh
|Einrichtung zum automatischen nachfuehren
|U.S. Classification
|348/169, 342/450, 342/422, 244/3.16, 250/203.6
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


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I really like your caravans but I'm wondering if it would be more effective if the speech bubble only came out of one caravan. Just a thought :)
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Specialty Retail
Company Overview of U.S. Retail Flowers, Inc.
Company Overview
U.S. Retail Flowers, Inc. operates as a retail florist in the United States. It offers flowers, flower handfuls, bouquets, corsages, plants, and gifts. It offers products for birthdays, weddings, sympathy, love and romance, anniversary, homecoming, thank you, baby, get well, and just for fun occasions. The company also sells products online. U.S. Retail Flowers, Inc. was founded in 1937 and is based in Lebanon, Pennsylvania. The company has retail locations in Camp Hill, Columbia, Ephrata, Harrisburg, Hershey, Lancaster, Lebanon, Leola, Mechanicsburg, Palmyra, Reading, Shillington, Wernersville, and West York, Pennsylvania.
810 South 12th Street
Lebanon, PA 17042
United States
Founded in 1937
Key Executives for U.S. Retail Flowers, Inc.
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text: Home > Medical > Meds and you Meds and you All sections in Meds and You » Antibiotics » Generics » Inside the Lab » Medication » News » Using Medicines Generic meds applications causing 'bottleneck' at MCC The Medicine Control Council should limit generic applications to seven per innovator medicine to cut the backlog that is blocking cheaper, better drugs from entering the SA market. Many adults use antibiotics without a doctor's guidance India must defend generic medicine lifeline for Africa Blood test may help prevent overuse of antibiotics Generics vs. original meds See All Meds and you News » Meds and you Overview Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs What is Meds and you? Find advice on the correct way to take antibiotics, generic medicines and non-prescription medicines. Remember to take medicine only as directed, at the right time, and for the full length of your prescribed treatment. If you are using an over-the-counter (nonprescription) medicine, follow the directions on the label unless otherwise directed by your health care professional. If you feel that your medicine is not working for you, check with your health care professional. Unless your pharmacist has packaged different medicines together in a "bubble-pack," different medicines should never be mixed in one container. It is best to keep your medicines tightly capped in their original containers when not in use. Do not remove the label since directions for use and other important information may appear on it. Take Action Test Using the wrong pills? » Quiz Addicted to pills? » Original vs generic medicine Brand-name vs generics advertisement Antibiotics Many adults use antibiotics without a doctor's guidance Blood test may help prevent overuse of antibiotics US to establish labs for combating 'superbugs' Total resistance to all antibiotics could become a reality See All Antibiotics » Inside the lab Finding cures for diseases can take up to a century How your medicine is made The pharmaceutical industry at a glance Inside the lab See All Inside the lab » Using medicines The interaction of grapefruit and medication Getting rid of expired medicines Here's what your doctor's prescription means Save money on meds See All Using medicines » Generics Generic meds applications causing 'bottleneck' at MCC Generics vs. original meds Are generics a good option? Frequently asked questions See All Generics » Medication First ARVs from state-owned pharmaceutical company expected by 2017 Rogue pharma boss arrested in New York How medication errors occur in almost half of all operations Who's most likely to get addicted to painkillers? See All Medication » From our sponsors Otrivin Menthol relieves sinus congestion Innovative hearing aids can now interact online Second Healthcare Innovation Summit set for Johannesburg Salomon introduces Speedcross 4


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My retirement portfolio comes more or less straight from the Vanguard playbook. It's mostly indexed. My mix of broadly diversified stock and bond funds is consistent with what you'd find in a Vanguard Target Retirement Fund designed for someone two … Read more
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You may be scratching your head about my headline. Great time to invest? The U.S. stock market is regularly touching record highs and some might say we're overdue for a correction or even a bear market. Meanwhile, the specter of … Read more
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Many people spend the final days of each December reminiscing about the year gone by. At this time, it's not uncommon for individuals to draw "lessons learned" from both the good and bad moments, and to make resolutions for the … Read more


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Home » NEWS » B2ST's comic series to be released in Asian countries
Thursday, January 3, 2013
B2ST's comic series to be released in Asian countries
By jhezwafu - 9:45:00 PM
B2ST's popular comic series will begin selling throughout Asia.
The production company behind B2ST's hit comic series, 'The Beast', announced that the series would soon be sold in various countries in Asia. The first volume of the series will be published in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao, Singapore and Malaysia in the local languages on January 30.
The producers added that distributors in China, Japan and even Brazil were showing interest in the series as well.
A representative of the publishing company stated, "The comic book 'The Beast' combines action, comedy, and romance. It mixes an intriguing storyline and the popularity of B2ST."
Penned by writers Kim Hye Jin and Kim Hak Book, 'The BEAST' is an action-fantasy series depicting the friendship and adventures of B2ST members as superheroes. The group will be releasing its second volume 'Another BEAST' on January 16th.
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South Korean tennis player Jeong Youngsik, who competed at the Rio Olympics, expresses his heartfelt message and gratitude to Super Juni...


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Beagle "rules" Dog Art Print - Matted
This item has been shown 4670 times.
Beagle "rules" Dog Art Print - Matted:
Beagle "Rules" Print
Why not buy several to give as gifts... This Whimsical Illustration is a wonderful collectible for you or your dog loving friends. This lovely "New" item is printed on heavy card stock, measures approximately 5" x 7" and has been Custom Matted in a black "archival quality - acid free" mat, ready for your 8" x 10" frame. These are standard size mats that will fit into a standard size frame you can purchase at your local department store or framing gallery, no custom framing required. Your artwork is shipped flat between sturdy cardboard and comes protected against moisture with a plastic sleeve. It's then carefully packaged to prevent bending or damage during transit. Make sure that you stop by our store. We only sale a small sample of our prints each week and have hundreds more in our store at "Buy It Now" pricing. If you don't see your favorite breed in our listings, please contact us for availability... Attention Collectors
- This print remains in its original conditon and has never been framed or exposed to the ultraviolet rays of the sun.
- It has been stored flat and protected from damage and moisture.
- The print has been professionally matted in a black "acid free" mat and is ready for your frame.
- This will make an excellent additional to your art collection.
- About Us:We are experienced sellers with over 15,000 Postive responses, and have been selling Antique Dog Prints since 1999. We have a network of Book and Antique Sellers who are constantly searching for new merchandise to replentish our inventory. Visit us at "netsalesinc" and "dogsonthenet".
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Beagle "rules" Dog Art Print - Matted:
Tri-colored Plush Beagle Puppy Dog By Build-a-bear
Vintage Hand Painted Porcelain Dog Figurine
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11x14 Print Beagle Breed Colorful Modern Pop Art Style Colors Dog Pet Artwork
5x7 Print Beagle Breed Colorful Modern Pop Art Style Colors Dog Pet Artwork
8x10 Print Beagle Breed Colorful Modern Pop Art Style Colors Dog Pet Artwork


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An Elderberry Fall (Zane Presents) Paperback – August 26, 2014
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The latest book club pick from Oprah
"The Underground Railroad" by Colson Whitehead is a magnificent tour de force chronicling a young slave's adventures as she makes a desperate bid for freedom in the antebellum South. See more
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About the Author
Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
Chapter 1
On February 4th, 1921, I gulped a breath of fresh air before I took the last step down the train steps onto solid ground. The brisk wind caressed my skin, and alerted me to a new reality. "So this is Richmond, Virginia," I said to myself, gazing around at the cobblestone sidewalks and cars. My six-month-old son, Robert, had his head resting on my shoulder as I struggled with my overloaded suitcase, straining every muscle in my body, but I could not have cared less. Who would have believed a young girl like me would be here—in the big city, with streetcars and tall buildings and with colored people strutting around in fine, fashionable outfits, like the kind white folk wore in Jefferson County on special occasions? The coloreds appeared proud, like they owned the town. It felt good, and I fought to slow my heart down from the rush of anxiety. It was certainly different here. Most of the folks I knew probably thought I would live forever in Jefferson County amongst the sour memories and shame from the child I bore out of wedlock. But I was not so ready to stay there. When Simon asked me to come to Richmond, Virginia, my real transformation began.
• • •
My child, Robert, is beautiful. He is almost flawless. Each day I study the ridges around his little fingers, waiting to see if his tan color and fine features and that innocent, charismatic smile will remain. He favors me for the most part. However, there are times when his eyes seem dark and mysterious, and it sends chills throughout my body.
Robert, Simon and I live in a small apartment on the west side of Richmond—Jackson Heights, they call it. It's the colored section of town. It is a fine neighborhood, with shrubbery and flowers planted tastefully in front of well kept tenement houses and single-family row homes. Our place is a small, brick, two-story house with a cast-iron fence around it. Alongside the yard is an elderberry bush, which reminds me of the sweet jam Momma made in the fall. Most of the neighborhood residents are colored and oblivious to the surrounding communities. Everything seems to be within walking distance—the grocer, tailor, the cobbler, and the feed and seed store. The corner store has everything we need. Farmers are unloading crates of vegetables every day, and hanging inside are hams, and there is a meat counter where slices of select meat can be packaged. It is well stocked, and I am overwhelmed that I no longer have to work in a field with the hot sun beaming down on me. Simon has a rooster and two hens in the backyard, mainly for eggs. But, I can imagine them on the table stuffed with cornbread dressing.
We share our backyard with a couple downstairs. They are on the front porch every day sitting in a porch swing with wide smiles swept across their faces as if the stresses of life had floated past them even though they are different from others in the neighborhood. Most people stare transfixed by their difference. The lady is white, very pale, and the man is colored. Most feel their living together is a disgrace to everyone around them. It is alright with me because they seem happy. And from where I come from, happiness is the center of life and satisfaction. The man is tall and very dark, almost as dark as a midnight sky. He is clean, somewhat handsome and solid in build. She is a petite lady of normal height, a brunette, with barely any frown lines or wrinkles and sky-blue eyes. The Halls are at least sixty years old, but they don't look it. Directly across the street from us is another strange, but beautiful couple. The man is rugged in appearance like most railroad workers. He has long lashes like those of a woman, thick bushy hair and flawless caramel skin. Though handsome, he is never well-groomed. His wife is also attractive. She is dark chocolate with a lot of hair that falls to her shoulders, and bounces as she walks; her pouty lips are the kind the old people swear are sexy. Those neighbors have two children. Simon and I are getting used to the newness of city life, the sounds of the streetcars, the pinging of the church clock, and the whispers of voices walking down the street. On steamy summer nights, the neighborhood seems to explode. Vague voices and outbursts of laughter are heard from blocks away. It's a jovial place. The sounds of crickets chirping are drowned out by the hissing of the steam shooting out of the trains and streetcars starting and stopping along its route through town. The action is hypnotic. I find myself loathing going to sleep, because I relish the sounds of city life so much. It is invigorating.
I can't help wondering about Momma and her life in a world shadowed with trees. She is alone now, with painful memories about a time all of us would love to forget. But, somehow the past always come back to you in some form. Carl, my brother, is still in Jefferson County, and yards away from my mother. He is just like my papa, strong-willed and no-nonsense. He is the strength she needs right now. When Camm was murdered, I'd waited for her to lose it all—break down in tears—but instead her face appeared less tense, relaxed. Just like for me, a burden had been lifted from my mother's shoulders.
Simon is all I need right now. He is such a handsome man, physically and mentally strong. He is truly mine in every form, something I never thought would happen; and I adore ever inch of his being. I quiver sometimes just thinking about how complete he makes me feel. "Oh, Lawd, is this right?" I say to myself, and feel warm chills travel over my skin. He says he loves me, and acts like it, too. He is so attentive to me and Robert. Along with most women we are around, the lady across the street is always staring at my husband. I smile shyly at her, knowing she'd better stay in her place, because he has chosen me.
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Ruth Watson picks up Carrie's story in Richmond, Virginia. She is married to loving Simon, her hometown knight in shining armor. He has taken her to a new place, away from the pain and shame she suffered. As he aspires to become a staple in the Negro Leagues, Carrie is encouraged to be a content wife and mother, a woman who should be grateful such a good man "took her and Robert in." This is where Watson's magic begins. In beautiful prose, she unfolds a multifaceted look at life for African-Americans, and particularly women, during the twenties. Carrie fights against wanting marriage and a career, trusting her husband, and questioning if things are as they seem. In poetic, seamless fashion, Watson introduces characters that intrigued readers in book one: Pearl, Mae Lou, Ginny, Willie, Carl, and John. We meet new characters as well who lend intrigue to the plot.
Today I'm thinking of Adam, Nadine, and Mrs. Hall, hoping I'll see them again. (Hint hint) Side note: Just when I thought I knew all the uses for vinegar, Watson threw me for a loop. Bravo, Ruth Watson, and thank you for such a beautiful story.
This quote does not begin to describe Ruth P. Watson, the author of "An Elderberry Fall"
This novel is exquisite, daring, and intriguing. You are engaged the moment you read the first word.
The characters leap from the pages as they each take you on their journey of mystique, but each of them have
a personal story, but this is what makes this novel interesting, the character's are continually trying to convince you that they did not kill Herman Camm.
This is the "aroma" of the subliminal story line that grasps your mind, Carrie, Simon, Ginny, Ms Pearl, Carl ect. will not stop "talking" in your head as you read, because they are constantly trying to defending their own testimony to distract you from asking the question, where were you when this murder took place?
The characters are have mastered their alibi's which creates an pregnant illusion that won't give birth to the truth.
This is a true southern thriller that captivates you totally as you try to separate the facts from the fiction.
The ending was simply brilliant, the best is yet to come.
I really love the title as it has a great significance to the book. Elderberries reminded Carrie of home where they grew beside her childhood home and because ripe Elderberries are known for their healing and medicinal purposes while at the same time the rest of the plant is potentially deadly.
I don't want to give away any spoilers but the events and twist will leave you in awe and made me ask myself the question - Is Herman Camm Really dead? How Innocent is Pearl? What secrets if any is Carl hiding? If you were a lawyer, what would you withhold to protect your family? Just to name a new....
Ruth P. Watson you are amazing! Can't wait to see what's next!
Most Recent Customer Reviews
Some of the words used do not fit the character and time that the book is written. However, it kept me interested enough to order another one of her books.Published 2 months ago by Amazon Customer
Truly enjoyed this book! And thanks to Amazon for letting me know that this was the sequelPublished 2 months ago by Ree
I enjoyed An elderberry Fall as well as the author 1st novel. I really didn't like the ending so i'm assuming
that maybe there's a sequel out there! Read more
Ah, Ruth Watson did it again! I was pulled into the story and kept reading it well into the night to find out what happened next. What a suspenseful ride of twists and turns! Read morePublished 20 months ago by Karen Ashmore
Ruth Watson has done it for me again! I devoured this book and anxiously turned each page until the very end! Read morePublished 20 months ago by Janice L Lawrence
Ms. Watson did not disappoint. Her sequel to "Blackberry Days of Summer" kept me pinned to my seat. I could not put it down. I can't wait for the next installment. Read morePublished 21 months ago by Amazon Customer
This book was a true page turner! I couldn't put it down. Ruth P. Watson has done it again and I pray she'll write a sequel to continue the story of Carrie, my favorite... Read morePublished 22 months ago by HJT teacher
I totally enjoyed this sequel. My only complaint is the ending - there HAS to be a part three or I just may run amuck! Other than that, this is a great read.Published 23 months ago by Contessa Austin


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GlobalEmployees, an India based outsourcing firm, has a specialized wing completely dedicated to legal process outsourcing. We understand that infrastructure optimization and innovation are two great universal drivers for success. Hence we bring to you a bouquet of legal services that would not only minimize your firm's effort with peripheral yet integral data processing functions but would also go a long way in transforming your law office into a more efficient and competent one.
LPO has a very niche target audience segment and its services are majorly sought by the pure play legal firms, legal department of the large corporate enterprises and film makers to some extent. Right from generic low skilled tasks to specialized high end services, LPO offers it all. In the last five years, India emerged as one of the major LPO destinations and the nature of LPO services offered by the Indian service providers revolved majorly around major quality parameters of liability, parity with the English legal system, confidentiality and innovation.
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...I homeschooled my older two children through high school and my younger two children through 8th grade. I also taught enrichment classes in the areas of math, science, music, and art to students of all ages in a homeschool co-op for eight years.I have a Bachelor's degree from Wesleyan University...
Waxahachie, TXView Tutor
With a Chemical Engineering degree from The University of Texas at Austin and being Texas certified in Mathematics grades 4-8 and 8-12, I have been helping students overcome their fears and doubts about mathematics for over 15 years. I have experience teaching grades 5, 6, 7, 8, Algebra I, Algebra...
Cedar Hill, TXView Tutor
...I am certified and highly-qualified in Secondary Math in the State of Texas. Pre-Calculus is about the analysis of functions and their behavior. Topics usually covered include various properties of functions: domain and range, graphs, end behavior, piecewise and composite functions, factoring a...
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I have the green netting. Another additional item for your shop could be ' tent pegs' for securing the netting, likewise cable ties, all these items are noticeably cheaper when bought in bulk.
It certainly diffuses the wind, it stopped a massive hailstorm from ripping my fruit bushes to shreds anyway. It's the best netting I've come across by far.
Another idea for the shop could be rolls of debris netting. Not everyone wants a 30 or 50 metre roll, but if the shop sold it by the metre it would work out very cost effective.
On my previous allotment site the shop did good deals on compost and fertiliser. It's also handy to have bamboo canes and netting.
Our Border Collie has developed a taste for raspberries, she's 10 months old so this is her first summer. While we're picking the raspberries she helps herself to all the ones at knee level😄.
Climbing beans are doing well now, should be picking both runners and French next week.
Good luck to all entering their produce at shows.
I'd definitely struggle to enter anything into a garden show. Courgettes are only just starting, I'll pick the first couple this week, they were hard hit by the hailstones a couple of weeks since.
We've had a good fruit crop though, the raspberries have been really good and plenty of black and red currants and strawberries too. Just the blueberries left to ripen.( They were under netting so avoided the hailstones)
Veg has put on a growth spurt over the last 2 weeks, the sweetcorn has grown at least a foot during that time.
French and runner beans are setting and it's been good so far for mangetout and sugar snap peas.
At least the slug damage has lessened since application of Nemaslug.
I'm wondering how long they think it will take to do this. If they're charging an hourly rate of £60 then at £8000 for labour alone that's 130 hours! That's just plain ridiculous.
He's a lovely looking fella Busy😊, we're just starting out on our journey with Floss, she's 10 months now. Here's a pic with my sister's Lab/Retriever who's 14 now.
Really need a spell of ' seasonal' weather, last night it was down to 9 degrees in the greenhouse, plants are struggling especially after the storms.
A few successes like the peas and lettuces which prefer it cold but the courgette, beans etc are well behind.
The joys of allotment wearing😕


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Our Great City
Southlake Carroll Dragons Win Top Honors at the 32nd Greenhill Six Mile Relay
The Southlake Carroll Cross Country team got off to a winning start once again at the 32st Greenhill Six Mile Relay on Saturday to kick the season off. The team's depth of talent was evident in the hot and muggy conditions and on the newly laid out course. The Greenhill Relay has been a mainstay on the Texas high school cross country schedule for years and kicks off the cross country season for many local and regional teams.
North Texas Community Comes Together to End Life-Threatening Genetic Kidney Disease
This year, Tracy Heslink encourages you to join thousands of people nationwide who will come together and walk in support of those affected by polycystic kidney disease (PKD). PKD is one of the most common, life-threatening genetic kidney diseases. It affects hundreds of thousands in America and millions worldwide, who are in urgent need of treatments and a cure. It is the fourth leading cause of kidney failure.
Tickets on Sale Now for Carroll Education Foundation's Boot Scootin' Dragons" Event
The Carroll Education Foundation (CEF) is pleased to announce its 20th Anniversary Celebration: Boot Scootin' Dragons, on Saturday, September 10th, 2016 at the Hilton Southlake Town Square from 6:30-11:30 p.m. Park Place Lexus Grapevine is the Presenting Sponsor and co-chairs of the exciting event are Kathy Talley and Sarah Mason.
Carroll Theatre Department Announces Fall Musical
With 23 nomination and 7 awards, Carroll Theatre is coming off a tremendous year in 2015/16! And the 2016/17 season will not disappoint, as humor and satire will again fill the theater.
Let us set the stage…
In a Gotham-like city, a terrible water shortage, caused by a 20-year draught, has led to a government-enforced ban on private toilets. The citizens must use public amenities, regulated by a single malevolent company that profits by charging admission for one of humanity's most basic needs. Amid the people, a hero decides he's had enough, and plans a revolution to lead them all to freedom!


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Help 10-month-old Nastia beat cancer…and save her life!
Rachashei Lev is raising funds to help Nastia continue life-saving treatment
Categories: Health & Wellness, Jewish Communities, People in Need
- 13%funded
- $11,032raised
- 24 days to go
- 54 donors
Jerusalem Center for Young Adults with Autism
Establishing an Innovative Center for Including Young Adults with Autism in Society
Categories: Education & Youth, Health & Wellness, People in Need
- 50%funded
- $12,599raised
- ongoing
- 50 donors
Join Bible Raps in cultivating new Virtual Workshop Providers
With your help, we will train teachers to virtually run the Bible Raps workshop & reach 1000s!
Categories: Arts, Books & Culture, Education & Youth, Judaism & Holidays
- 37%funded
- $4,413raised
- 18 days to go
- 36 donors


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Tear drops slithered down my face, one after another as 'Kali Kedua' ('The Second Time'), a track by Raisa, a popular Indonesian singer was playing on my iPod while I was on the plane, departing from the cultural city of Yogyakarta where my fellow Americans and I have spent two and a half months studying bahasa Indonesia at. There I was, wishing that I could return to that magical place for the second time. Studying the local language we did, and that greatly helped us in establishing relations with the local people during the course of our limited time in the Southeast Asian nation. If someone were to ask me what I miss most about Indonesia, however, I would definitely have to honestly reply, the people; the uber amiable and hospitable Indonesians whom I have had the privilege of bertemu-ing (which in my brain translates to 'meeting' as I struggle not to use Indonesian upon my recent return to American soil, but Indonesian manages to slip out and into my daily attempts of self-expression somehow) will be something that will remain engrained in my cherished memories for as long as I live.
On (A Different Kind of) Diversity
Having spent my teenage years growing up in Baltimore, Maryland and attending university at the nation's capital, I was no stranger to the diversity that existed among the people in the aforementioned East coast cities. After I have spent a bit over two months in Indonesia, however, I realised that the country was as diverse as the American melting pot back home, but it was a berbeda (different) kind of diversity though – one that was perhaps less manifested in terms of appearance and accents but more in terms of localities and religions. For instance, most orang asing (foreigners) like myself would not necessarily know that an Indonesian is from this one town on this one island simply by looking at him or her unlike in America, where an individual may look Indian, but he or she may actually be from Indianapolis.
Beyond Hospitality
One extraordinary trait that I have found the majority of Indonesians possess is their warm and welcoming demeanour towards foreigners. From the host families on the island of Java whom I have spent my summer with to the locals on the island of Lombok whom I have never met before in my life, both were almost always willing to lend a hand and go beyond the definition of hospitality, especially in situations where most typical Americans will hesitate to offer help when they see someone, let alone foreigners in need. (To our defence, the culture of liability and suing is more prevalent in American than in Indonesia, but still – you get my point.)
The Young, Wild and (Relatively) Free
This last note concerns the lives of typical Indonesian youths who primarily reside in the college town of Yogyakarta based on my observations during my time there. Like most of my fellow USINDO Summer Studies participants, I found the pervasiveness of Western, namely American music in Indonesia, especially among the youth to be astounding. What do I mean? For instance, an Indonesian teenager can sing perfectly and effortlessly to 'Back that Ass Up' despite speaking broken English in real life – a phenomenon not uncommon in Indonesia. Moreover, most young Indonesians whom I have interacted with dated freely but not as wildly as American youths, if you know what I mean. Granted, some Indonesian families are stricter than others, depending on the family's religion in a good number of cases, but in general, Indonesian youths of today are of course young, not as wild as the typical American teenager, and relatively free to say and do as they please.
Rose's Testimony for the Two-Day Post Programme Event in Jakarta
The post programme event brought into perspective the views of representatives of the Indonesian public sector that complemented our experience in Indonesia as a whole since we have already spent the majority of our time interacting with the Indonesian people, mostly youths in the relatively liberal city of Yogyakarta. Thus, it was nice to hear from what the people running the country had to say after having spent some time getting to know its people.
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Oil rose Wednesday, but held near three-month lows as traders awaited data that will give hints of demand in the world's top consumer.
Car parts supplier Continental upped its forecast for 2016 on Wednesday after strong performance in its tires business.
Europe's equity markets slid Tuesday on banking fears, ultra-low oil prices and disappointment over Japan's vast stimulus, dealers said.
Oil prices pushed higher on Tuesday a day after slipping into a bear market, scraping back losses as bargain-buyers took advantage of a weaker dollar.
Asian currencies slumped Tuesday as an overnight selloff in oil hit sentiment, while the Australian dollar dropped after the central bank slashed interest rates to a record low.
Fading expectations of a U.S. interest rate rise this year hit the U.S. dollar and boosted stocks in Asia on Monday, although Shanghai equities took a hammering from weak Chinese manufacturing data.
Oil prices edged up in Asia on Monday as the U.S. dollar weakened while bargain-buyers moved in following a recent sell-off but analysts warned a global supply glut and weak demand will temper gains.
The U.S. dollar tumbled against the New Taiwan dollar Monday, shedding NT$0.286 to close at NT$31.640, its lowest level in a year, as funds from abroad poured into the region, dealers said.
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My son takes depakote ER 1500mg twice a day for mood/behavior, is it too much?
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That would depend on how heavy he is.
The maximum recommended dosage of Depakote is 60 mg/kg/day.
At the dosage he is being prescribed (3000mg / day) he would need to weigh at least 50kg - if he weighs less than this then he probably is being prescribed too much.
See the link below for more information.
Further Information
- Depakote ER Information for Consumers
- Depakote ER Information for Healthcare Professionals (includes dosage details)
- Side Effects of Depakote ER (detailed)
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Attacks, Services and Mechanisms: To assess the security needs of an organization effectively and to evaluate and choose various security products and policies, the manager responsible for security needs some systematic way of defining the requirements for security and characterizing the approaches to satisfying those requirements. One approach is to consider three aspects of information security.
complicated subject, historically only tackled by well-trained and experienced experts. However, as more and more people become ``wired'', an increasing number of people need to understand the basics of security in a networked world. This document was written manager in mind, explaining the concepts needed to read through the hype in the marketplace and understand risks and how to deal with them. Some history of networking is included, as well as an introduction to TCP/IP and internetworking . We go on to consider risk management, network threats, firewalls, and more special-purpose secure networking devices. This is not intended to be a ``frequently asked questions'' reference, nor is it a ``hands-on'' document describing how to accomplish specific functionality. It is hoped that the reader will have a wider perspective on security in general, and better understand how to reduce and manage risk personally, at home, and in the workplace.
Security attack: Any action that comprises information organization. the security by of an owned
mechanism that is designed to detect, prevent, or recover from a security attack. • Security Service: A service that enhances the security of the data processing information intended to systems transfers counter of and an
organization. The services are security attacks, and they make use of one or more security mechanisms to provide the service.
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In rural communities across the country, health care is becoming an increasingly scarce commodity. More than 50 rural hospitals have closed nationwide since 2010, and hundreds more teeter on the brink of bankruptcy. It's a trend driven by falling revenues and decreased federal funding, and it could have dire implications for small-town America's future. Sarah Varney of Kaiser Health News reports. Continue reading
As Brazil reels from an economic recession and the Zika virus epidemic, new troubles have emerged regarding one of the nation's most popular political figures. Luis Inacio Lula da Silva, president of Brazil from 2003 to 2010, was detained by police Friday morning as part of a wide-ranging probe into government corruption. Hari Sreenivasan talks to Simon Romero of the New York Times for more. Continue reading
The U.S. economy added 242,000 jobs in February, and the unemployment rate remained unchanged at 4.9 percent. Wages, however, fell. Continue reading
Behavioral economist Iris Bohnet explains how behavioral designs can be implemented in classrooms and offices to change and de-bias organizations instead of individuals. Continue reading
Wall Street has long been considered a men's-only club — so what is it like for a woman there, when only 15 percent of traders are female? According to Maureen Sherry, a former Bear Stearns director turned author, the problem goes beyond frat-boy antics and sexual harassment. Economics correspondent Paul Solman talks to Sherry about how the glass ceiling is repelling women from Wall Street. Continue reading
A trading floor has everything to keep adrenal glands pumping cortisol: breaking news, tragedy, money, racism, sexism and a little less overt sex play than in the past. Continue reading
Medicare Maven Phil Moeller answers your health care questions. Continue reading
China's plan to build veins of trade over land and sea into Europe and Asia may be the most significant global economic initiative in the world today. Continue reading
Have you ever had a job offer pulled because you tried to negotiate? Continue reading
Boston University economist Larry Kotlikoff answers your Social Security questions. Continue reading


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Cheap flights from Texas to Fort Lauderdale
Travel > North America > United States > Texas to Fort Lauderdale flights
With its sub-tropical climate, clean beaches and charming water canals, Fort Lauderdale, known as the 'Venice of America', is one of Florida's top destinations, situated just 20 miles from Miami (see Miami Travel Guide and Miami Sights for details). Fort Lauderdale history as a city begins somewhere at the end of the 19th century, but the area around Fort Lauderdale had belonged for centuries to the Tequesta Indians. Most Tequesta people were either killed by smallpox or... (read more in our Fort Lauderdale History)
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By Judy Kurtz - 02/22/12 12:12 AM EST
If you're a guy who's single and ready to mingle, Men's Health magazine claims you're in the right place.
The male-minded mag recently named Washington the best place in the entire country to meet eligible women — calling the District "where the babes are."
Washington beat out the No. 2 city in the rankings, Portland, Maine. It also bested Boston and Seattle, which took the third and fourth spots, respectively.
But while Men's Health said the nation's capital has a "monumental number of eligible women," the Capitol might not be the best area to find them.
Of the 435 members of the House, just 76 are female. And of that small bunch, we counted only 15 women who aren't sporting a wedding ring.
As far as the Senate — the odds just got worse. With the recent engagement of Sen. Susan CollinsSusan CollinsPolitical bedfellows of 2016 may be strange but not unheard of Obama creates new national monument in Maine GOP senator considering Libertarian ticket MORE (R-Maine) to beau Thomas Daffron, we tallied up just three unmarried female senators of the 17 serving in the upper chamber.


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The HSBC Water Programme is a partnership with Earthwatch, WaterAid and WWF providing and protecting water sources, informing and educating communities, enabling people to prosper and driving economic development across the world.
To mark HSBC's 15-year partnership with WWF, HSBC has commissioned 'A Living River' at London's Gatwick inspired by China's Yangtze, a truly a living river.
American photographer Mustafah Abdulaziz presents images from an ongoing study of the global water crisis.
Read about the impact the HSBC Water Programme is having on people's lives and livelihoods (pdf).
In Laos, being asked to be a river guard is an honour: it is a position of authority, and in the long term patrol members are protecting both the environment and the livelihood of their village.
Five pilot 'Green Schools' in Laos have been established by WWF-Laos to further conservation education among young people in the Greater Mekong.
A new HSBC Water Programme initiative, which launched on World Environment Day, is now underway in Mauritius. The ultimate aim is to foster interest in the environment and Citizen Science.
By 2050 more than half of the world's nine billion population will be living in water scarce regions - take a closer look at population growth and the water challenge.
HSBC Citizen Science Leader of the Year Januarie Hall describes why she became involved in FreshWater Watch and what drives her to achieve as much as she can with the programme.
Copyright © 2016 EarthWatch Institute. All Rights Reserved. Accessibility. Terms and Conditions.
Banner image credit: WaterAid/Dieter Telemans


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Mitt Romney loses 2012 election
Republican nominee Mitt Romney loses his bid for the 2012 presidential election.
Republican nominee Mitt Romney loses his bid for the 2012 presidential election.
drep: He absolutely and totally missed an opportunity to make things better! Instead of going to Chicago and taking a stance against the violence there he won't even mention it. Instead of telling black people that they should not commit crimes and be respectful of the police he took the side of those who broke the law and went after the police. Instead of making a point that ALL lives matter in this country he supported the hateful rhetoric of those who think only black lives matter. Kid robs a store, bullies the clerk, fights a cope, tries to take his gun and gets shot in the process. This president sends three people to the funeral instead of stating the obvious and supporting a cop who had to defend himself. Whether he set race relations back or not is debatable. He certainly didn't help it


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