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US 2560911 A Abstract available in Claims available in Description (OCR text may contain errors) July 17, 1951 A. WOLF 2,560,911 v v ACOUSTICAL WELL SOUNDER Filed July 24, 1947 2 Sheets-Sheet l I I I) III | I'll [AI/A III] I III/l4. ALEXARDER WOLF IN V EN TOR. ATTORNEY July 17, 1951 A. WOLF 2,560,911 AGOUSTICAL WELL SOUNDER 9 Filed July 24, 1947 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ALEXANDER WOLF IN V EN TOR. FIG.2 ATTORNEY Patented July 17, 1951 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ACOUSTICAL WELL SOUNDER Alexander Wolf, Houston, Tex., assignor to Keystone Development Corporation, Houston, Tex., a corporation of Texas Application July 24, 1947, Serial No. 763,217 3 Claims. I and particularly to acoustical well sounding devices. In the operation of producing oil wells information is sometimes required as to the depth to the top of the fluid in the annular space between the casing and the tubing. Thus fluid level which is too high may point to a defective pump, which is not removing all the oil which might flow into the well. At other times, from the height of the fluid column, its known density, and the gas pressure in the casing at the surface of the ground one may calculate the pressure at the bottom of the well. This pressure is of great interest to the petroleum engineers concerned with the efficient operation of an oil-field, and with the prediction of the ultimate oil recovery from a given field. Purely mechanical means have been devised for determining the height of fluid in a well. However, the ordinary producing oil-well contains within its casing another string of smaller pipe, called the tubing, through which the oil actually flows. In the case of a pumping well this tubing may contain a string of rods, called sucker-rods, which move up and down, and thus operate a plunger pump attached to the bottom of the tubing. It is obvious that for mechanical sounding both the sucker-rods and the tubing with the pump must be removed from the well. This involves considerable expense and some delay in operations. Moreover, the removal of the pump may defeat its own purpose, since it may be the intention of the engineer to study the variations in fluid level as the pump is operated in diverse ways, and this obviously cannot be done when the pump is not in the wellv It is thus of great advantage to be able to determine the fluid level in an oil-well by means which do not require the removal of tubing and pump. Such a measurement can be accomplished with a sound wave, propagated in the annular space between the tubing and the casing, and reflected back by the .top of the fluid.- It is true that the velocity of sound in the well-gases varies from well to well, but this does not present any difficulty, since in addition to the sound reflected by the top of the fluid there occur also weaker reflections from the succession of tubing collars. From the known spacing of these collars in the well the sound velocity is readily calculated. The basic art of determining fluid level by acoustic means is not neW. Various means have been devised for carrying out the measurement, but most of these have certain drawbacks, which the present invention tends to eliminate. Thus one apparatus employs compressed gas, suddenly released, as the source of sound, and a large and delicate membrane, mechanically coupled to a rotatable mirror as the sound receiver. It is obviously inconvenient to carry the large drums of compressed gas which are required, and the delicate receiving means requires great care, and therefore highl skilled engineers for its operation. Another apparatus employs electric blasting caps for the generation of sound; electrical blasting caps are well known to be dangerous and their transportation and storage are closely regulated. Still other devices employ blank cartridges for the generation of sound. similar to the cartridges used in the present invention, but the firing and sound receiving means are unnecessarily bulky and complicated, a very serious disadvantage, because the firing of black powder produces a deposit which must be cleaned out, so that a. frequent disassembling of the device cannot be avoided. Accordingly, it is a principal object of this invention to provide simple and compact means for generating a sound-wave, transmitting it into the annular space between the tubing and the casing of an oil-well, and subsequently receiving and recording the various sound reflections returned by this space. Other and more specific objects and advantages, showing attached thereto a well sounder in ac cordance with said illustrative embodiment; Fig. 2 is a axial cross-section of the sound generator and receiver; K Fig. 3 is another cross-section of the sound generator and receiver, taken along line 33 of Fig. 2, and showing the details of the firing mechanism; Fig. 4 is a view of a cam, which forms a part of the firing mechanism; Fig. 5 is a plan view of one of the elements of the device; and Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional detail taken alon line 6--6 of Fig. 5. Reference is made to Fig. 1 which shows schematically an oil-well casing l, which is closed at the top, except for a laterally extending nipple 2, to which the well-sounder is attached. There may be another opening, not shown, but generally conventional, through which casing gas is bled on. Within casing I there is ordinarily inserted a tubing 3, made up of pipe sections connected together by collars la-3a. To the bottom of the tubing may be attached a pump, not shown, and within the tubing there may be a string of rods, also not shown, with which the pump is operated. Somewhere within the annular space between casing I and tubing 6 there is found the top of the fluid column 4. The purpose of the apparatus which is here described is to determine the distance from the surface of the ground to the top of the fluid 4. To nipple 2 in the casing there is attached a valve 6, which is not a part of the well-sounder, but merely serves to close the casing when the well sounder is not in operation. The wellsounder consists of a sound generator-receiver, indicated generally by the numeral 6, connected to nipple 2 through valve 6, and to a conventional electronic amplifier 6 and a conventional recorder 9. The function of the sound generatorreceiver 6 is to produce a sound pulse by the firing of a blank cartridge contained within generator-receiver 6, and also to convert the reflected sound pulses received thereby into electrical impulses which are then fed through wires 1 to amplifier 6, where the electrical impulses are amplified to a level sufllcient to operate recorder 6, which records these pulses on a moving strip of paper 6a in the well known manner. No further description will be given of the amplifier and recorder, since such devices can be built in many different ways well known to those skilled in the art and their details form no part of the present invention. The construction of sound generator-receiver 6 can best be understood by reference to Figs. 2 and 3. The generator-receiver comprises a vertically disposed strong cylindrical casing l6, closed at the upper end. A recess II is counter-bored in the lower end of casing III to form an annular shoulder l2 against which is mounted a baiile l3, perforated by orifice I4. Below the orifice N there is mounted a small disc i6, which acts as a blast deflector, preventing damage to the fairly delicate sound receiver, which consists essentially of a conical diaphragm ii, to the bottom of which is attached a coil of fine wire II. A permanent magnet l6 and soft iron pole-pieces I6, 26 and 2| produce a radial magnetic fleld through the coil of wire l1, so that any movement of the coil results in the generation or an electrical potential between the ends of this coil. The ends of the coil are connected with flexible wires 2222 which pass through two electrically insulated bushings 26-23, extending through a hollow cap 24, which closes the lower end of easing II, the outer ends of wires 22-22 being connected to leads I going to amplifier I. The structure represented by diaphragm l6, coil II, the magnet and the pole pieces will be recognized as a conventional loud-speaker element, usually employed to convert electrical current into sound, and here employed to convert sound into electrical current. The loud speaker structure is supported on a ring 26 '(see Figs. 5 and 6 particularly) which is internally shouldered at 26 to receive a peripheral flange 21 of conical diaphragm is and the registering flange of a protective housing 26 enclosing diaphragm I6. These registering flanges are suitably connected to shoulder 26 to form a gas-tight seal therewith. An annular channel 26 is cut in the exterior of ring 26 and a plurality of radially spaced vertical slots ill connect channel 29 with the interior of casing ill above diaphragm l6 and a plurality of radial openlugs 31 through the side wall of ring 26 provide communication between channel 26 and the interior of easing l0 below diaphragm l6. These communicating passageways permit gases to pass from the front to the back of diaphragm l6 and are essential, otherwise the pressure in the well casing when open to the interior of casing l6 during operation of the device would tend to stretch and probably rupture the diaphragm. Closure of the casing is made gas-tight by means of a rubber ring 22 which is held between the lower end of ring 26 and the face of a laterally extending flange 62 carried by the upper end of cap 24 and slidable inside recess ll of the casing. Flange 33 is urged against rubber ring 22 by means of a threaded ring 34 which engages internal threads 36 provided in the lower end of recess I i. As shown in Figs. 2 and 3, a pipe nipple 26 communicates with the interior of easing ll. through one side thereof, and serves as a connection for the entire structure to valve 6 in Fig. 1. As best shown in Fig. 3, a tube 31, extends through the opposite side of the casing and into the inner end of pipe-nipple 26; tube 31 being or sufliciently smaller diameter than pipe-nipple 26 to provide an annular space between these two, to thereby provide communication betwc u the well casing and the diaphragm i6. Into the left end of tube 21 there is screwed a cylindrical barrel 26 in which a blank cartridge 66 is fired during the operation of the device. The firing mechanism is contained within a cylindrical breech block, indicated generally by numeral 46 (Fig. 3), mounted slidably in tube 61 and comprising a pair of end-interlocking tubular members 4| and 42 which are held together by means of a pin 46 extending diametrically through the interlocking end surfaces of members 4| and 42. The outer end of member 42 is provided with a peripheral flange 42:: adapted to engage the outer end of tube 31 to limit the inward movement of breech block 46 into tube 61. The outer end of the bore of member 42 is internally threaded to receive a stud bolt 44 which serves both as a handle for withdrawing and inserting breech block 46 from and into tube II and also as an adjustable thrust member which takes up the recoil when cartridge 29 is fired. A lock nut 46 carried by stud 44 serves to lock stud 44 at the desired position in member 42. The outer ends of sleeve 61 and member 42 are closed by means of a removable housing. indicated generally by the numeral 46, which also encloses stud 44. Housing 46 will be recognized as a conventional pipe union consisting of the usual female member 41 screwed on the outer end of tube 31, a male member 46, the outer end of which is blanked-off to form a closure, and the usual threaded connecting collar nut 46 for completing the union. Breech-block member 4| is bored out at its outer end to hold slidably a small cylindrical bushing 50, the principal function of which is to hold a light pressure against the cartridge 39; 'a firing pin the end of which is slidable in the bore of bushing 50; and a retractor spring 52, mounted within the bore of member M in compression between the inner end of bushing 50 and the flanged head of the firing pin. In registering slots 53 and 53a cut into adjacent sides of member 4| and tube 31, respectively, there is mounted a lever 54 horizontally pivoted on a pin .55 and bearing against the head of firing pin 5|. Cartridge 39 is held in axial alignment against the end of the breech-block by a retaining ring 58, which has an in-turned lip 51 for engaging the rim of cartridge 39 and is provided with a pair of J-slots 58 by means of which ring 56 is removably attached to the breech-block through conventional engagement with a pair of pins 59 extending from opposite sides of the breech-block. On the outside of tube 31, but within casing I0, there is welded a vertically disposed lug 60 (Fig. 2). On a pin BI extending downwardly from this lug there is horizontally pivoted a hammer 62, one end of which consists of a vertically extending cylindrical block 63. As shown in Fig. 2, a lug 64 extending from the upper end of block 63 rests on the face of a cam 65 (shown in detail in Fig. 4). A coil spring 66 is connected to the lower end of block 63 and extends therefrom beneath tube 31 to the opposite side of casing I0. Spring 66 is in tension and holds lug 64 against the face of cam-65, except that beyond a trip point 61 on the face of the cam, lug 64 is adapted to slip by under the tension of spring 65 and strike the adjacent edge of lever 54. Cam 65 is rigidly attached by means of a pin 68 to a cylindrical stem 69, which passes out of easing I0 through a conventional stuffing box 10. A handle 1I enables an operator to turn stem 59', and thereby rotate cam 65. Spaced notches 12 and 13 are provided on the face of cam 55 as intermediate safety locks for the hammer. The operation of the device proceeds as follows: The various elements are connected to the well as shown in Fig. 1. Collar nut 49 of union 46 is loosened, breech block 40 withdrawn from tube 31, cartridge 39 attached to it, as shown in Fig. 3 and described above, and the breech-block with cartridge 39 slipped back into tube 31, the cartridge extending into barrel 38. Tube 31 is then closed with union 46. Valve 5 of Fig. 1 may then be opened, providing communication between the interior of easing I0 and the interior of well casing I. Any gas pressure in the latter will, of course, be transmitted to the interior of easing I0 and such pressure will be equalized therein on opposite sides of diaphragm I6 through the passageways formed by slots 30, channel 29 and openings 3|. At the time the breech block is replaced, cam 65 is rotated so that the lug 64 rests in recess 12 in the cam face. The hammer will thus be partly retracted. Further rotation of the cam in the clockwise direction causes farther retraction of the hammer, until lug 64 slips off trip point 61 of the cam, and strikes lever 54, rotating the latter about pivot pin to thereby propel firing pin 5| into the cap of cartridge 39. The cartridge will explode and the compressional wave created by the explosion will travel down the annular space between well casing I and tubing 2. However, at the instant of the explosion a small portion of the energy will enter the interior of casing Ill through the annular space between tubes 36 and 31 and will traverse orifice I4 and actuate diaphragm I6. The movement of the diaphragm is transformed into an electric current in coil I1. This current is amplified by amplifier 8, and recorded by recorder 9, thus marking the instant of the explosion on the recording tape 9a. The compressional wave traveling down the space between the casing and the tubing is .partly reflected by any obstructions such as tubing collars 3a, or enlargements, such as the space between the ends of the joints of well casing I, and will ultimately be reflected by the top. 4 of the fluid column. The returning reflected waves all will enter casing I0, traverse orifice I4 and actuate the diaphragm, thus producing a record on chart 9a from which conventional calculations can be made as to the position of the top of the fluid column in the well. From the foregoing it will be evident that the above-described acoustical well sounder in accordance with this invention comprises a simple, sturdy and compact structure of relatively light weight which lends itself readily to easy handling, ease in disassembly for cleaning and reloading and is highly eflicient in operation. It will be understood that various alterations and changes may be made in the details of illustrative embodiment above described without departing from the scope of the appended claims but within the spirit of this invention. What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: 1. An acoustical well sounding device, comprising, a hollow casing closed at its ends, a partition member extending transversely of said casing intermediate the ends thereof, an axial orifice of restricted area through said partition member, means for establishing communication between the interior of said casing on one side of said partition member and a well to be sounded, sound generating means mounted in said casing on said one side of said partition member, sound receiving means mounted in said casing on the opposite side of said partition member and spaced therefrom, and imperforate baflle means disposed between said orifice and said sound receiving means. 2. An acoustical well sounding device, comprising, a hollow casing closed at its ends,'a partition member extending transversely of said casing intermediate the ends thereof, an axial orifice of restricted area through said partition member providing the sole means for communie cation between the portions of the interior of said casing on opposite sides of said partition member, means for establishing communication between a well to be sounded and the interior of said casing on one side of said partition member. sound generating means mounted in said casing on said one side of said partition member. sound receiving means mounted in said casing on the opposite side of said partition member and spaced therefrom, and an imperforate bafile plate disposed transversely of the axis of said chamber between said orifice and said sound receiving means. 3. An acoustical well sounding device, comprising. a tubular hollow casin closed at one end and having a removable fluid-tight closure for the other end thereof, a tubular connection extending laterally from one side of said casing, a second tubular connection extending through the opposite side of said casing having its inner end extending into the inner end of the first named connection in concentrically spaced relation therewith, a partition member extending transversely across said casing on one side or said connections, an orifice of restricted area through said partition member providing the sole means for communication between the portions of the interior of said casing on opposite sides of said partition member, sound-generatin: means removabLv mounted in said second tubular connection and directed toward said first tubular connection, and sound receiving means mounted in said casing on the side of said partition member opposite said tubular connections and spaced from said partition member, and an imperi'orate baiile plate interposed between said orifice and said sound receiving. means. ALEXANDER WOLF. REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the die or this patent: UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,677,943 Williams July 24, 1928 2,232,476 Ritzmann Feb. 18', 1941 2,281,301 Walker Apr. 28, 1942 2,403,535 Kramer July 9, 1946 2,404,784 Bostwick July 30, 1946 2,434,469 Myers Jan. 13, 1948 Patent Citations
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Lot 508 |
1848 H10C Medium Date MS64 PCGS. CAC....
2010 June Long Beach, CA Signature US Coin Auction #1140
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Auction Ended On: | Jun 3, 2010 |
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Long Beach Convention Center |
1848 H10C Medium Date MS64 PCGS. CAC. Both sides of this
Choice Mint State piece are fully lustrous with frosty mint
surfaces beneath gold and iridescent toning. This issue is seldom
encountered in higher Mint State grades, and is highly desirable at
this numerical level. Population: 9 in 64, 3 finer (4/10).(Registry
values: N1793) (NGC ID# 233A, PCGS# 4338)
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Item: IM1K46153 Model: ST670
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Tags indie rock, folk, love, alternative, sad
Genres folk, indie, singer-songwriter, rock, classic rock (beta) (flag as incorrect)
Artists James Taylor / Joni Mitchell (beta)
Published July 19, 2011
Hearts beating to a rustic, twangy, folk-love rhythm. Twenty-two tracks including music by AA Bondy, Air Waves, and Angus & Julia Stone.
A great compilation. Thank you
Play it again. by mariachimakeover
classic rock, folk
Cake! by mariachimakeover
My birthday mix for this year.
indie rock, rap, indie electronic
Young and Dreamy by mariachimakeover
Day dreaming mix.
indie, dreamy, chill, love, life
Save the best for now by mariachimakeover
Eight tracks including music by Jeff Buckley , Joe Pug, and John Lee Hooker (w/ Van Morrison & Booker T.
rock, indie rock


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Publications (10)26.28 Total impact
Conference Paper: Forest Tree Genomics: genomic resources, bioinformatics, databases and research questions
Bordeaux Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (BCBB), Bordeaux LaBRI; 11/2014 - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To meet the increasing demand of wood biomass worldwide in the context of climate change, developing improved forest tree varieties for high productivity in water-limited conditions is becoming a major issue. This involves breeding for genotypes combining high growth and moderate water loss and thus high water-use efficiency (WUE). The present work provides original data about the genetics of intrinsic WUE (the ratio between net CO2 assimilation rate and stomatal conductance, also estimated by carbon isotope composition of plant material; δ(13)C) and its relation to growth in Pinus pinaster Ait. First, heritability for δ(13)C was estimated (0.29) using a 15-year-old progeny trial (Landes provenance), with no significant differences among three sites contrasting in water availability. High intersite correlations (0.63-0.91) and significant but low genotype-environment interactions were detected. Secondly, the genetic architectures of δ(13)C and growth were studied in a three-generation inbred pedigree, introducing the genetic background of a more-drought-adapted parent (Corsican provenance), at ages of 2 years (greenhouse) and 9 years (plantation). One of the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) identified in the field experiment, explaining 67% of the phenotypic variance, was also found among the QTLs detected in the greenhouse experiment, where it colocalized with QTLs for intrinsic WUE and stomatal conductance. This work was able to show that higher WUE was not genetically linked to less growth, allowing thus genetic improvement of water use. As far as is known, the heritability and QTL effects estimated here are based on the highest number of genotypes measured to date.Journal of Experimental Botany 07/2014; · 5.79 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The accessibility of high-throughput genotyping technologies has contributed greatly to the development of genomic resources in non-model organisms. High-density genotyping arrays have only recently been developed for some economically important species such as conifers. The potential for using genomic technologies in association mapping and breeding depends largely on the genome wide patterns of diversity and linkage disequilibrium in current breeding populations. This study aims to deepen our knowledge regarding these issues in maritime pine, the first species used for reforestation in south western Europe. Using a new map merging algorithm, we first established a 1,712 cM composite linkage map (comprising 1,838 SNP markers in 12 linkage groups) by bringing together three already available genetic maps. Using rigorous statistical testing based on kernel density estimation and resampling we identified cold and hot spots of recombination. In parallel, 186 unrelated trees of a mass-selected population were genotyped using a 12k-SNP array. A total of 2,600 informative SNPs allowed to describe historical recombination, genetic diversity and genetic structure of this recently domesticated breeding pool that forms the basis of much of the current and future breeding of this species. We observe very low levels of population genetic structure and find no evidence that artificial selection has caused a reduction in genetic diversity. By combining these two pieces of information, we provided the map position of 1,671 SNPs corresponding to 1,192 different loci. This made it possible to analyze the spatial pattern of genetic diversity (He) and long distance linkage disequilibrium (LD) along the chromosomes. We found no particular pattern in the empirical variogram of He across the 12 linkage groups and, as expected for an outcrossing species with large effective population size, we observed an almost complete lack of long distance LD. These results are a stepping stone for the development of strategies for studies in population genomics, association mapping and genomic prediction in this economical and ecologically important forest tree species.BMC Genomics 03/2014; 15(1):171. · 4.04 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Cavitation resistance to water stress-induced embolism determines plant survival during drought. This adaptive trait has been described as highly variable in a wide range of tree species, but little is known about the extent of genetic and phenotypic variability within species. This information is essential to our understanding of the evolutionary forces that have shaped this trait, and for evaluation of its inclusion in breeding programs. We assessed cavitation resistance (P(50)), growth and carbon isotope composition in six Pinus pinaster populations in a provenance and progeny trial. We estimated the heritability of cavitation resistance and compared the distribution of neutral markers (F(ST)) and quantitative genetic differentiation (Q(ST)), for retrospective identification of the evolutionary forces acting on these traits. In contrast to growth and carbon isotope composition, no population differentiation was found for cavitation resistance. Heritability was higher than for the other traits, with a low additive genetic variance (h(2) (ns) = 0.43±0.18, CV(A) = 4.4%). Q(ST) was significantly lower than F(ST), indicating uniform selection for P(50), rather than genetic drift. Putative mechanisms underlying Q(ST)<F(ST) are discussed.PLoS ONE 08/2011; 6(8):e23476. · 3.53 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We assessed the adaptive potential of seed and leaf phenology in 10 natural populations of sessile oak (Quercus petraea) sampled along two altitudinal transects using common garden experiments. Population differentiation for both phenological traits was observed with high-altitude populations germinating and flushing later than low altitude ones. However, high genetic variation and heritability values were also maintained within populations, despite slightly decreasing for dates of leaf unfolding with increasing altitude. We suggest that biotic and abiotic fluctuating selection pressures within populations and high gene flow are the main mechanisms maintaining high genetic variation for these fitness related traits. Moreover, changes in selection intensity and/or selection pressures along the altitudinal gradient can explain the reduction in genetic variation observed for leaf phenology. We anticipate that the maintenance of high genetic variation will be a valuable resource for future adaptation of sessile oak populations undergoing an upslope shift caused by climate change.Journal of Evolutionary Biology 07/2011; 24(7):1442-54. · 3.48 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The 'Landes de Gascogne' area in south west of France is covered mainly by a huge forest of planted maritime pine. The selective breeding program has achieved significant genetic gains in terms of both growth and stem straightness. A retrospective study shows that the chosen selection strategy allowed enough variability in selection criteria to continue the programme over several generations. However, altered social demands and future climate change require selection criteria and strategies to be adapted. Les Landes de Gascogne sont très majoritairement couvertes par une vaste forêt cultivée de Pin maritime. Le programme d'amélioration génétique a permis d'améliorer sensiblement à la fois la croissance et la rectitude basale des arbres. Une étude rétrospective montre que la stratégie de sélection suivie a maintenu suffisamment de variabilité sur les critères de sélection pour assurer la poursuite du programme sur plusieurs générations. Toutefois, l'évolution des demandes de la société et les changements climatiques à venir nécessitent une adaptation des critères et des méthodes de sélection.03/2010; - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Volume and stem straightness were the main selection criteria for the first two generations of the French maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) breeding programme. In this article, we investigate the consequences of this selection on wood quality. Wood density, as a predictor of wood quality, is studied both in the breeding populations and in commercial varieties. Phenotypic and genetic correlations between wood density and growth traits are investigated in successive breeding populations with three genetic field experiments of respectively 30, 29 and 12years old. Correlation estimates were either slightly negative or non-significantly different from zero depending on the test considered. Consequently, a low impact of growth selection on wood quality should be expected in improved seed sources. However, we observed a significant wood density decrease in two improved varieties as compared to unimproved seed sources at age 15. In addition to this first effect on wood density, growth improvement is also expected to reduce the rotation age and thus increase the proportion of juvenile wood, which is known as having a lower density than mature wood. This change was studied and quantified using a growth model. Finally, a wood density decrease reaching up to 6% was predicted in the improved varieties compared to unimproved material, when both the observed decrease in wood density and the predicted increase in juvenile wood proportion were taken into account. Implications for the breeding programme were considered.Tree Genetics & Genomes 01/2009; 5(1):11-25. · 2.44 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Directional selection impacts a trait distribution by shifting its mean and reducing its variance. The change of variance is of major importance as the response to selection in subsequent generations is highly dependent of the genetic variability available in the population. In this contribution, evolution of genetic variation was investigated through the first breeding populations of the French maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) breeding program. We considered three populations: P0 (the forest where plus trees were initially selected), G0 (the plus tree population) and G1 (the population composed of trees selected in the progenies of G0). Analyses focused on the following selected traits: total height (H), girth at 1.30 m (D) and stem deviation to verticality (S). More than 150,000 trees from 25 tests of three distinct populations were studied with an individual genetic model. Accurate genetic parameters were obtained by taking all relationships between trees into account. For H and D, we found a strong decrease of the genetic variation from P0 to G0 corresponding to the initial selection of plus trees, which constitutes the base population of the breeding program. Then, despite the second step of selection applied, no appreciable evolution arose from comparisons between G0 and G1 for these traits. For S, the evolution is less significant as phenotypic variation slightly increased, possibly due to changes of silvicultural practices.Heredity 08/2008; 101(2):156-65. · 3.80 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Growth and form are the two main traits used for genetic improvement of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) in the southwest of France. In this paper, wood density is studied to answer two main questions: Is there a general trend for density variability throughout tree development and has selection indirectly reduced wood density variability over breeding populations, owing to genetic unfavourable correlation with growth? Wood density and its components were studied in three polycross tests, each representative of one of the successive breeding populations. Wood density was measured with an X-ray densitometer in approximately 50 families per test with >1900 trees. A preliminary study showed that bark-to-pith ring indexing allows for a better estimation of genetic effects than does pith-to-bark indexing. Genetic variability of wood density appears to be highly dependent on the year considered and no general pattern can be detected over time. Whereas the variability of selected traits is known to have decreased over breeding populations, no significant change was found for variability of wood density.La croissance et la rectitude sont les deux principaux critères utilisés pour l'amélioration génétique du Pin maritime (Pinus pinaster Ait.) dans le sud-ouest de la France. Dans cet article, la densité du bois a été étudiée pour répondre à deux questions principales : La variabilité de la densité du bois montre-t-elle une tendance générale au cours du développement de l'arbre et la variabilité de la densité a-t-elle été modifiée indirectement par la sélection en raison d'une corrélation défavorable entre la densité du bois et la croissance ? La densité du bois et ses composantes ont été analysées dans trois tests polycross représentant les populations d'amélioration successives. Au total environ 50 familles par test, soit plus de 1900 arbres, ont été mesurées par microdensitométrie. Une étude préliminaire a permis de montrer que l'annotation des cernes de l'écorce vers le cœur de l'arbre permet une meilleure estimation des effets génétiques par rapport à une annotation du cœur de l'arbre vers l'écorce. La variabilité génétique de la densité du bois apparaît fortement dépendante de l'année considérée mais notre étude ne révèle aucune tendance générale au cours des années. De plus, alors que la variabilité génétique des caractères sélectionnés a diminué au cours des populations d'amélioration, aucune évolution significative n'a été mise en évidence pour la variabilité de la densité du bois.Canadian Journal of Forest Research 07/2008; 38(8):2148-2158. · 1.66 Impact Factor -
Article: Can wood density be efficiently selected at early stage in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.)?
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Growth and stem straightness are the two main selection criteria in the French maritime pine breeding programme. In this contribution, our objective was to study the possibility of selecting for wood density assessed at an early stage. We measured X-ray wood density, in three progeny tests, on more than 1 900 breast high increment cores. High relative expected genetic gain (from 3 to 9%) was found for wood density at mature stage. Juvenile and adult wood density estimations were well-correlated; the relative efficiency of early selection reached about 80% at 12 years old. As it would not be realistic to use the X-ray densitometer at an operational scale in a breeding programme, we tested the efficiency of using the Resistograph, an indirect method to assess wood density on live trees. High correlation between the Resistograph and density data ($R$$^{2}$ = 0.93 on familial data) was found, suggesting that wood density through Resistograph assessment could be soon integrated as a new selection criterion in our breeding programme. Peut-on efficacement sélectionner la densité du bois chez le pin maritime (Pinus pinaster Ait.) au stade juvénile ?. La croissance et la rectitude du tronc sont les deux principaux critères de sélection dans le programme d'amélioration génétique du pin maritime en France. Cette étude a pour objectif d'évaluer la possibilité de sélectionner la densité du bois au stade juvénile. Plus de 1 900 arbres, provenant de trois tests, ont été analysés par microdensitométrie. Des gains génétiques relatifs élevés ont été mis en évidence pour la densité du bois au stade adulte (3 à 9 %). Les estimations de la densité réalisées aux stades adulte et juvénile étant bien corrélées, l'efficacité relative de la sélection atteint environ 80 % à l'âge de 12 ans. Les mesures de densité par rayons X ne sont pas envisageables à grande échelle dans le cadre d'un programme d'amélioration, ainsi nous avons évalué l'efficacité de l'utilisation du Résistographe, une méthode indirecte pour estimer la densité du bois sur arbres debout. Des corrélations élevées ont été mises en évidence entre les données obtenues avec le Résistographe et celles obtenues par microdensitométrie ($R$$^{2}$ = 0.93 avec les données familiales). Il semble donc possible d'intégrer la densité du bois, estimée avec le Résistographe, comme nouveau critère de sélection dans notre programme d'amélioration.Annals of Forest Science 01/2008; · 1.54 Impact Factor
Publication Stats
101 | Citations | |
26.28 | Total Impact Points | |
Top Journals
University of Bordeaux
Burdeos, Aquitaine, France
French National Institute for Agricultural Research
Lutetia Parisorum, Île-de-France, France


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Hacked By: selectLOL
Hack Information:
Buying buildings and troops gives you resources
Game Information
Conquer the civilization by switching and matching your way through epic battles! Switch to gather resources
Use resources to train troops or build buildings. Upgrade buildings to get access to new types of troops and magic spells.
1. The priests are killed by magic. Spells always kills the strongest units first. Also priests can be killed with own priests or with fast units under protection magic (nature).
2. There is no need to send hords of units against priests. Simply let the priests past, and then counterattack with units of your own choice.
Switch to gather resources
Use resources to train troops or build building
Developed by Ed "ryzed" Ryzhov
Produced by Funflow
Cheats: Hackbar: Press [H] Toggle energy - [J] T...
Hacked By: selectLOL
Cheats: Hackmenu (Backslash(\) Open/Close): [G] ...
Hacked By: selectLOL
Pretty cool loading screen! thumbs up if DPetty rocks
nice game and selectLOL you are epic
they did write something (most of the time) just press show next to the thumbs up icon
they did right something it just gets hidden because of too many thumbs down! :D
Should also have a spell cooldown hack too.But anyway,good game!
opps!I did not notice u need to match gem to charge the spell.
does anyone els just hold the mouse and wave back and forth? :D
this reminds me of rome total war
Registered Users: 434482
Hacks Played Today: 197940
Total Hacks Played: 663873096
There are 1609 users online
15 Members, 1594 Guests


text:
A Mom Blog Social Network
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Dictionarypell-mellPronunciation: (pel'mel'), Strict Standards: Non-static method FenSites::linkTo() should not be called statically in /site/html/dictionary/pell-mell.html on line 71 [key] —adv. 1. in disorderly, headlong haste; in a recklessly hurried manner. 2. in a confused or jumbled mass, crowd, manner, etc.: The crowd rushed pell-mell into the store when the doors opened. —adj. 1. indiscriminate; disorderly; confused: a pell-mell dash after someone. 2. overhasty or precipitate; rash: pell-mell spending. —n. 1. a confused or jumbled mass, crowd, etc. 2. disorderly, headlong haste. Also,pell'mell'. Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Copyright © 1997, by Random House, Inc., on Infoplease.
See also:


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Check this ish out now!! New h/u for the '07!! (few pix and a vid...56k be careful)
First, a pic of my (old) stock dash....
http://i238.photobucket.com/albums/f...1126071352.jpg I finally had my Kenwood XXV-05V 25th Anniversary DVD/CD headunit installed. After having the car for almost a year (bought Dec. 21 2006 - its our anniversary soon) and the h/u for 3 years sitting in my room collecitng dust, I finally scrounged up some money and had her installed along with a center channel speaker, a Kenwood KSC-700CCS fiberglassed into the pocket below it. Oh yeah, the reason the 05V was sitting in my room collecting dust was because I WON IT!!! [neener] [woot] and sorry for the pix/vid, they were taken with my cell phone. . . . . . . . . . . . . . without further delay, here she is in all her glory!! http://i238.photobucket.com/albums/f...1215071510.jpg http://i238.photobucket.com/albums/f...1215071511.jpg and the vid: http://i238.photobucket.com/albums/f...VDheadunit.jpg Let me know what you think!! [8D] |
thats hott!!!!! [thumb]
wow, thats a super nice install
sweet, diggin' the center speaker. unique.
Very nice! I love the center channel there! One of my favorite dvd decks as well.
Mike |
Fantastic job man!
thats hot is that a freakin speaker
thats so cool man!!! |
omg iwo
Mmmm.... center channel.......
That is Snap!
All times are GMT -5. The time now is 02:23 AM. |


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DL picks up first 'W'
Patience was the Detroit Lakes baseball team's strongest virtue in its 5-4 victory over visiting Fergus Falls Friday.
Trailing 4-3 heading into the final inning, junior Boyd Bradbury rang up a lead-off triple to start the eventual game-winning rally.
Junior Ryan Cihak followed with a one-out single to score Bradbury, and then the Lakers drew three straight walks to score Cihak for the win.
Are you a newspaper subscriber but you don't have a Digital Access account yet? https://secure.forumcomm.com/?publisher_ID=40&event=subscriber/lookup.
You will need your subscription account number and phone number. Not sure if you have an account? Email us at firstname.lastname@example.com and we can help you.


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Sen. Rich Crandall, a Republican from Mesa, will be seeking reelection to the Senate after all.
Read More »Tag Archives: Mesa
Feed SubscriptionLight rail segment in Mesa now could open in 2015
MESA — A Metro light rail segment in Mesa could open in 2015, a year earlier than expected. The transit agency made that announcement Thursday as it selected a team of contractors to construct the project.
Read More »Pearce vows return to Capitol, will run for Senate
Russell Pearce, the architect of many of Arizona's anti illegal immigration laws, vowed tonight to return to the state Capitol, months after he was ousted in a recall election.
Read More »Mayors to Legislature: Get out of the way
The top-elected officials from Arizona's largest cities are sending a strong message to the state Legislature: Stop interfering with local decision-making.
Read More »Arizona finally gets GOP candidates' attention
Rick Santorum is looking for another upset or two, while Mitt Romney is hoping to keep his leading rival at bay in the run-up to the 20th debate of the race for the Republican presidential nomination.
Read More »Mesa to be in national spotlight as it hosts GOP debate
In 2009, this city had so many foreclosures that President Barack Obama appeared at one of its high schools to speak about the national housing crisis. In 2011, a Mesa district recalled its state senator and anti-immigration leader Russell Pearce in a historic election. A month ago, Gov. Jan Brewer shook her finger at Obama at Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport.
Read More »Romney rallies in Mesa as Ariz. primary approaches
MESA, Ariz. (AP) — Mitt Romney campaigned in Arizona on Monday, appearing at an evening rally in Mesa as he tries to build on his narrow win in the Maine caucuses over the weekend and secure the Republican presidential nomination.
Read More »Stapley king of the CD9 unknowns
A CD9 GOP poll commissioned by Vernon Parker's would-be consultants show the former Paradise Valley mayor trailing Don Stapley, but not by much.
Read More »Deal-closing cash awarded to Mesa company
The medical technology company Ulthera will be the third business in Arizona to receive an award from the state's $25 million deal-closing fund.
Read More »Salmon wins Senate Republicans' endorsements
Matt Salmon has won the endorsement of the entire Arizona Senate Republican leadership team and a majority of the Senate's GOP caucus, even though his opponent was serving at the Legislature with them less than a year ago.
Read More »


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Manufacturing Area
Category: Other Metal Products
... logo is engraved by laser machine. 4.Customized size. The size of this item is 80mmX80mmX200mm. 5.Fast delivery. 10days after receipt of deposit. 6.Safe pa ...
Category: Telecommunication Parts
T11P Visual Fault Locator It can check optical fiber trouble point which OTDR can't find . Description Optical fiber trouble detector straight is small and light. It can export the visible red l ...Keyword : fusion splicing machine | fiber splicing machine
Category: Arts and Crafts of Acrylic/Plastic
High Grade Acrylic Tray 1.100% new cast acrylic sheet 2.3D laser machine cut 3.SGS non-toxic test 4.Sales discounts for large orders of acrylic tray
Category: Hair Removal
Therapeutic range: 1.removal unwanted hair.2.whitens skin and increases skin flexibility3.eliminates freckles, pigmentations, age spots, vascular lesions, and acne scars4.erases facial blemish,improve ...Keyword : laser hair removal
Category: Metal Stamping Parts
... (3) Surface finish :Nickel-plating, Zinc plating, polishing and so on. (4) Equipment: pressing machinery 5 T --400T, laser machine 2 sets, CNC punch machine 6 sets, bending machine 11 sets etc.
Category: Beers
Mash system mainly includes mash tank and lauter tank. We can support you all kinds of beer equipment with range form from 100L to 2000l, we can also design it according to your request. The main par ...Keyword : beer machine
Category: Salon Furnishing and Equipment
M8+2 Ultrasoinc Caviation Fast slimming instrument use micro-computer control technology (AVR micro-computer chip) to control the roller reciprocating , precise mechanics and vacuum suction and lase ...Keyword : velashape machine | cellulite machine | cavitation vacuum slimming machine
Category: Toner Cartridges
1.compatible toner cartridge workcentre 7120 7125 2.K:22000 C:15000 pages Part:006R01457 006R01458 006R01459 006R01460 Compatible model: cartridge workcentre 7120 7125 Detailed informai ...
1.For use in HP 36A 2.Imported raw material 3.100% tested before packing 4.100% compatible with original machine
Category: Automobile Parts
Keywords: SFU ball screw, DFU ball screw,CNC router ball screw, robot ball screw, precision ball screw,rolled ball screw,grounded ball screw Ball screw (ballscrew): we supply Ball Screws nuts ...Keyword : Plastic machine parts | Engineering machine parts
Category: Hospital / Medical Equipment
Advantages: l Light weight of 1 kg, 2cm for thickness, 17cm for width, 25cm for length, very convenient for doctors to carry out. l U Disk for upgrade. l Dismountable battery. l ...Keyword : ultrasound machine
Category: Block Calendar Refills
Product information Description of product: Product model LW-SD103 Page yield 1.5k,2.5K Keywords printer chi ...Keyword : brand new laser toner chip
Category: Electronic Measuring & Testing Instruments
1. Dimensional Measurement Services CMM Measurement and CMM laser Scanning Faro/Romer PCMM and PCMM laser Scanning Measurement Photogrammetry Measurement Long-range laser Scanning Measurem ...Keyword : aem based laser scanning | long range laser scanning
Category: Health Products and Equipment
Specifications Ultrasonic Cavitation Fat Removal Equipment is good at Accumulated fat deposits, Cellulite reduction,Body shaping,Skin lifting. 6 in 1 ultrasonic cavitation+monopolar RF+bipolar RF+ ...Keyword : cavitation machine
Category: Industrial Safety Equip.
Protect wavelength: 200 - 1800nm Speical for: IPL machine O.D: 4+ V.L.T > 40% Standard: EN207: 2009 Our VSPair laser safety glasses and IPL safety goggle are extensively serve our worldwide cus ...Keyword : laser safety glasses | laser safety goggles | laser safety eyewear | laser window
Category: Fiber-Optic Cables
This product is designed for the connection between the Optical fiber cable and the main points, and it is a kind of port device. It has the function of direct or indirect connection, coiling, storage ...Keyword : fusion splicing machine
Category: Industrial Electric Devices
Key feature: 1. Collect barcode through 1D Symbol laser or CCD engine, high precision, small error rate. 2. Scan various 2D imager barcode such as QR ,PDF417 etc... 3. Recognise different commodities ...Keyword : PDA machine
Category: Microwave Communication Equipment
Features ·?Comprehensive fiber applications, ideal for LAN/WAN/FTTx certification & trouble-shooting: SM: 1310/1490/1550, 1625/1650nm (Live), up to 45dB; MM: 850/1300nm, 21/24dB. ·?Fault locating, ...Keyword : fiber splicing machine
Compatible color toner cartridge for Ricoh MPC4000/5000 Good quality ,Best Price ,Good services ,High compatible ,Worldwide customers. 1.Our product family includes copier empty cartri ...
Category: Pneumatic Tools
Hydraulic Press Power package press Rugged,efficient No damage,no distortion Max.pressing force:1000KN Max.total stroke:100mm Components Frame(cast steel) Shineeast-Powerpackage (Series H, ...Keyword : connecting machine | pneumatic press machine | litelock press machine


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I have been wanting to make a flower garden out of recycled tires. Have found numerous instructions on the net to help me, but not the one I'm looking for. I want to make a multi tiered tire garden. Shouldn't a bottom of some sort be put in the tires that are on the upper tiers so the dirt doesn't fall through, can't find any instructions on how to do that. Thank you for your help and suggestions.
- Forum >
- Lawn & Garden >
- Recycled tires


text:
Your four-year-old is about to enter a whole new world of incredible toys. Tiny pretend-and-play sets, amazing construction sets, and all kinds of activities and craft kits will keep your little one entertained for hours. These toys are so much fun, you won't be able to resist joining in!
Make fear of the dark a thing of the past! Twilight Turtle transforms a dark room from scary to starry with a shell that illuminates for a comforting nightlight effect, and projects real constellations onto bedroom ceilings and walls. The Twilight Turtle has a built in 45 minute sleep timer to ensure complete darkness during the child's deep sleep and projects 3 soothing colour options: blue, green and amber.
The Cloud B Twilight Turtle also comes with a storybook, adoption certificate and Star Guide that helps parents and children identify 8 real constellations embedded in the star pattern. It's the perfect sleep companion for babies and kids of all ages!
Requires 3 AAA batteries (included).
Measures approximately 11.5" long.
This award-winning Twilight Ladybug from Cloud B projects a starry night sky on bedroom ceiling and walls! This lovely little pink ladybug helps ease children's fear of the dark, allowing them to sleep easier. The shell illuminates for a comforting nightlight effect and stars shine in 1 of 3 colour options: red, blue or green.
It also features a 45 minute sleep timer and includes a storybook, adoption certificate and Star Guide that helps parents and children identify 7 real constellations embedded in the star pattern. It's the perfect sleep companion for kids of all ages!
Measures approximately 11" long x 9" wide.
Winner of ASTRA's Best Toy for Kids Award, the National Parenting Center's Seal of Approval and Creative Child Magazine's Top Choice Award.
By Eric Carle
The classic tale of the caterpillar who eats his way through a large number of different foods before transforming into a beautiful butterfly. This book is beautifully illustrated with vivid colours and great interactions for the children -- which allow development of counting skills and visual recognition skills. This book is wonderful for beginner readers.
Board book, contains 26 pages
By Janet and Allan Ahlberg
A poem on each page gives the clue to what is hiding in the picture opposite, so young children can follow the rhymes. Each peach, pear, plum I spy...
With vivid colors and amazing illustrations, you will enjoy playing a game of I spy in this book that is perfectly sized for babies and toddlers to hold. This tough board book is perfect for them to handle.
Board book, contains 34 pages
8 Sturdy wooden pages and simple farm-themed pictures encourage babies toward a lifelong love of books! The handle and wooden pages also add a unique feel to this fun and colourful book, and they're designed with alternating protruding corners to make them especially easy for little hands!
Hape International is a toy company dedicated to both quality and innovation in toy manufacturing. They are also dedicated to the protection of the environment through the careful handling of resources and attempts to reduce waste. Many Hape products are produced from wood or eco-friendly, highly sustainable bamboo, painted with water-based paints, and are packaged in recycled cardboard materials. Hape is also an ethical company, and has been donating funds for the building of schools in developing regions across China for many years.
Thomas is hauling some very special cargo! Includes a festively dressed Thomas and a cargo car with a light-up birthday cake that plays the Thomas & Friends™ theme song! Thomas and car can connect to other Wooden Railway engines and vehicles with magnet connectors. Perfect for Thomas & Friends™ Wooden Railway sets!
A brand NEW set! All aboard for fun with this Figure 8 starter set! Thomas rides around the track, over, or under the bridge. Press down on the Coal Hopper to load Thomas' cargo car with coal! Includes Thomas, cargo car, removable coal cargo.
Measures approximately 16" long x 9" wide.
Oball consists of a collection of brightly coloured loops that are fused together to form a soft, rubbery frame ball with round, finger-friendly openings. Oball grows with a child; it can be used by an infant for clutching, by a baby for throwing, by a toddler for kicking and carrying, by a child for catching, by kids and adults for games like soccer or volleyball both indoors and out, or just for fidgeting.
Ships in randomly selected, assorted colours according to availability.
Latex and pvc-free and dishwasher safe.
Measures approximately 3.75" in diameter.
Winner of the Oppenhiem Toy Portfolio Best Toy Award, Parents' Choice Toy Award, Dr. Toy Best Vacation Toy Award.
By Marie-Louise Gay
In the first new Stella book in four years — in a series that has sold two million copies in ten languages — Stella introduces little brother Sam to the pleasures of reading. Sam is as busy and worried as ever, and Stella almost always has her nose in a book these days, but she finds time to help him out, while sharing her new pastime with contagious enthusiasm.
Sam has gathered a wagonload of branches to build a doghouse for Fred, and he wonders if the book Stella is reading tells you how to make one. It doesn't (although it is very funny), but Stella is more than willing to give Sam a hand. As soon as the doghouse is built though, Sam worries that a wolf might come along and blow it down. Stella breezily banishes his fears, suggesting a picnic at Lily Pond. Stella cools her feet in the water, reading a story, while Sam tries to catch a frog. Are there frogs in Stella's book, he wonders. No, Stella tells him, but there is a toad wearing a velvet jacket…
With her characteristically light touch, Marie-Louise Gay imparts the pleasures and importance of reading to her young audience, whether it be humor, fiction, nonfiction or poetry. Her detailed, beautifully rendered and often-amusing watercolor illustrations (spot the tiny bunny reading a book!) show yet again that Marie-Louise Gay is one of the very best artists creating picture books today.
Hardcover storybook, contains 32 pages.
A celebration of hockey in children's very own words.
Why do children love hockey? Because they're part of a team. Because they love to cheer. Because they love to skate-and score goals! There are so many reasons. A wonderful new book featuring all-new illustrations that are sure to light up the faces of young fans.
Board book containing 12 pages.
Build and inspire with limitless construction possibilities with this amazing First Builders Deluxe Building Bag by Mega Bloks. The First Builders Deluxe Building Bag is every child and parents' dream come true - an incredible 150 First Builders blocks that encourages endless amounts of open-ended play! Build a playgroud scene and decorate it with the included stickers.
Includes 150 First Builders blocks, and sticker sheet.
Compatible with all Mega Bloks First Builders sets for endless building possibilities and family fun
"You can almost hear the skipping rope slapping the sidewalk," wrote Margaret Laurence of Dennis Lee's timeless poetry collection Alligator Pie. One of the first illustrated books published about Canadian children and featuring Canadian place names, Alligator Pie established Dennis Lee's reputation as "Canada's Father Goose" and has sold more than half a million copies since its publication in 1974.
This classic edition, featuring Frank Newfeld's instantly recognizable original illustrations and book design, includes childhood favourites such as "Willoughby Wallaby Woo," "Wiggle to the Laundromat" and "Skyscraper."
Hardcover containing 64 pages.
A gentle push or pull causes the brightly coloured wheels to spin which encourages this bunny to nibble his carrot and little ones giggle in delight! This cute Bunny is made of wood and coloured with water based paints, a durable choice that is perfect for toddlers. An adorable way to encourage development of balance and co-ordination skills in early walkers.
Measures approximately 22.25'' long.
By Dennis Lee, Illustrated by Jeremy Tankard
Melvis and Elvis is classic Dennis Lee, with more than thirty new poems for fans of his beloved collections, including the perennial bestseller Alligator Pie. This irresistible blend of narrative, word play, and pure nonsense, combined with Jeremy Tankard's whimsical and energetic illustrations, will appeal to both the very young and developing readers.
Hardcover storybook containing 40 pages.
By Bill Martin Jr., Illustrated by Eric Carle
A treasured classic in an all-new format! Nearly 30 years after its conception, Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You See? remains one of the most beloved children's books of all time. Adored for its gentle rhyming and mesmerizing illustrations, the book goes from animal to animal, introducing young children to all sorts of creatures, from the blue horse to the green frog. Great for young imaginations, this charming tale is now available in a board book format - just right for the tiniest hands!
Board book containing 14 pages.
By Barbara Reid
To save his family from the big flood, Noah builds a boat. It has to be HUGE, because two of every animal are coming to stay for forty days and forty nights. First in a trickle, then in a flood, animals of every colour and kind make their way into the hold. Bees and boas, camels and cats, every pair finds a place in these pages.Two by Two has been a classic for 20 years, and it is now available in a chunky board book format for the youngest readers.
Board book containing 30 pages.
Based on a special Thomas & Friends™ episode where a milky mishap with the Troublesome Trucks causes Hiro to be covered in cream! Includes specially-decorated Hiro, a Troublesome Truck and a wooden cream canister.
Works great with any Thomas and Friends Wooden Railway sets and provides endless hours of play! Add Hiro's Sticky Spill to your collection today!
Measures approximately 9" long (3 pieces).
This incredibly versatile scooter allows children as young as 1 year old to develop their balance, coordination and motor skills, and then grows with them, offering 3 kinds of scooting fun for kids all the way up to 6 years old! What do you do when big brother and sister are already riding the Mini Kick, and the littlest one wants to join in the fun but is still far too small? No problem - thanks to the Kick® Mini Micro Scooter with Seat!
This clever 3 in 1 kickboard design features a sturdy clip-on seat that allows small children to surf the playroom floor with ease. The seat can also be detached from the handlebar, enabling riding in a standing position. And, when the kids are old enough for the Mini Kick, simply replace the O-bar handlebar with the conventional Mini Kick T-bar (also included), and the product is transformed into the beloved Mini Kick Scooter!
This high-quality, Swiss-designed and engineered kickboard features a unique 'lean-and-steer' design with 3-wheels and rear 'spoon' brake - allowing children to ride with confidence. Polyurethane wheels create a wonderfully quiet, smooth glide and the fibreglass-reinforced flex deck is made of soft plastic to reduce the risk of injury. Its light weight makes it easy for parents or kids to pick up and carry when necessary, and the aluminium steering column can be easily detached by way of a child-resistant safety catch on the underside of the scooter.
With a simple twist of the disc handle, kids will be off spinning with delight. Strong, durable construction creates long-lasting fun for kids. Great for rainy days and indoor play time!
Measures approximately 16" tall x 18" wide.
By Oliver Jeffers
A flagship publication, gloriously bringing the alphabet to life in irresistible Oliver Jeffers style!
The letters of our alphabet work tirelessly to make words that in turn make stories, but what is there was a story FOR each of the letters instead? Turn the pages of this exquisite book to find out...
Here you will discover twenty-six short stories introducing a host of new characters (plus the occasional familiar face). From Edmund the astronaut with his awkward fear of heights, via the dynamic new investigative due of the Owl and the Octopus, through to the Zeppelin that just might get Edmund a little bit closer to where he needs to be, this book is packed with funny, thrilling, perilous and above all entertaining tales inspired by every letter of the alphabet.
An adventure to follow from A to Z, or a treasure trove to dip in and out of, Once Upon an Alphabet is a work of exhilarating originality from artist Oliver Jeffers, the creator of much-loved modern classics such as Lost and Found and The Incredible Book Eating Boy.
Hardcover storybook containing 112 pages.
A new batch of highly anticipated LEGO® sets are here! From the fantasy world of LEGO® Elves to the LEGO® super hero-filled, Marvel universe of The Avengers, these new LEGO® sets are so cool … read more...
We're now hiring staff for our brand new locations in South Edmonton Common and Red Deer!
Send resumes to email@example.com
We are thrilled to announce the opening of our 5th store in Alberta! Details Here


text: Atrocities Not Fit to Print From the November 1997 Print Edition Since January 1996, when a coalition of Christian and Jewish activists began working to publicize in America the plight of persecuted Christians abroad, there has appeared in the secular press a . . . . Continue Reading » 1 Nov 1997


text:
With a stay at Redwings Lodge Uppingham in Oakham, you'll be within the region of Oakham Castle and Stamford Meadows. This hotel is within the region of Burghley House and St. Mary and All Saints.
Make yourself at home in one of the 40 guestrooms. Complimentary wireless Internet access is available to keep you connected. Private bathrooms with shower/tub combinations feature complimentary toiletries and hair dryers. Conveniences include desks and coffee/tea makers, and housekeeping is provided daily.
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Teaching Summer to BreatheSummer will always remind me of hot, sweltering nights spent drinking sangria, through the dripping fairy lights of your bedroom window. A sticky, starry sky looked back at us, the glow of the moon almost golden in the heat. Fourteen meant we weren't growing up fast enough and a liquor cabinet key seemed to hold the answer to that problem.You taught me how to drink that night.(You also showed me how beautiful it was to just hold your breath till your head spins and reality seems like it is going to fade further and further away.)-Six summers ago I met a boy who liked to tell me how much like summer I was. He was big boned and thin skinned and the first time I told him he wasn't mine to keep, he left handprints on my skin that reminded you of a canvas covered in autumn leaves that you saw in New York. Then you proceeded to break every single window in his house (Yes, even the one in the attic he loved so much.)You taught me how to smile through heartbreak that night.(You
Lost NovemberI am lost November,with the breath of winterat the hairline of its neck.I am the blood orange thatsours a little too soon.A thirty day intuitionto a season of good will.A blip on the side ofthe road that melts easilyout of sight, out of mind.An unremembered instanceon a torn index pageof a forgotten, spineless book.I am lost November.Remember me the instancewhen you feel unremembered too.
Pros and Cons1. I am not writing a list of things that will make me hate you, as you supposed, but more a list that would help me move on. I always hated how you were very practical that way, even about emotional distress. I am not writing about the trouble with you being your incorrigible logic, your lack of tact.2. I am not writing this because I have a habit of doing what you say, and perhaps, just maybe this would give me closure.3. I am not going to write about how beautiful your mouth is, and how it seems like something that would have been kisses by an angel.4. I am not going to write about how your voice tremors when you speak of loneliness.5. I am not going to write about how you are worthy of songs and dances and plays to be written for your lack of wonder at war, sex or alcohol, you aren't that interesting.6. I am not going to write about the day you sat me down and dragged me down with you, just so you could complain about how much I loved angel wings and sketches of pretty e
Forever NeverlandGrace disliked Tinkerbell. She disliked her because she had wings and she could fly whereas Grace stayed on the ground, catching fireflies. The fireflies, in turn, made it easy because they knew she would let them go. She would stare at their radiant light in awe and try to understand how something so little could shine so very bright.She tried to pretend the bread she had in the mornings was ice cream flavoured, and even imagined her little brother had never been taken from them but had been enthralled and forever lost in Neverland. When she tried to explain this to her mother, her mother would look away quietly, and sometimes, rise with a quiet shudder...and leave the room.For a little girl who had the hope of the world resting quite easily on her head as a crown, she knew. She knew that one day, he would come for her and maybe, maybe they could be together again like they were in her dreams.As she grew older, she slept on a bed of green, with a desk of wood and a massive window t
MouthfulsYou take mouthfuls of meHuge, selfish as they areLeaving morsels of me behindTeeth my words and chew up my heartBite through my spine with shark like jawsI am used, you explain, damaged,Dirty.Dirty for existing.Dirty for loving you.I ask you why you like to hurt me."I love you most when you ache on the inside."I have never hated myself more.
A Little Bit of WonderlandHer name was Alyssa, and when she was nine, her mother built her Wonderland. After being raised on a healthy diet of Charles Dickens, Enid Blyton and J.M. Barrie, it seemed like the natural course of action. She created it out of paper, each scene indispensably, indisputably perfect in its imperfection.And she did it because Alyssa was terrified of the idea of falling through a rabbit hole, into a place that allows magic only when you are confused. Mothers do the most impractical, exhausting things to show how much they love their children. It seemed a pity that it was this very effort that kept Alyssa up all night, staring at the paper people like they were coming to get her.(If Alyssa's mother knew, she would have spent all her time trying to explain to the little girl that it wasn't just paper people she should be afraid of.)-God appeared to have a sense of humour when little Alice became Alyssa's best friend. She lives across the street, her hair always
My Name is Hollow.Hello.My name is Hollow.I live inside your soul.Under the layers and layers of skin,and tissue and muscle...all the way down where nothingand everything survives.(I wish I knew before I trusted youThat lying is second nature to onewith as many regrets as you.)My name is Hollow.I live inside you now,because you gave me the powerin all your virtuous beliefthat the world was goodto survive your strength...(I hoped to God you wouldn'tlie or steal or break what is alreadya thousand pieces of a broken soul.)My name is Hollow.You let me in when sexbegan to feel like an ache.But the pain felt better thandealing with the hurtinside your head, your heart...(This was always a world for thosethat were harder than meStrength is sometimes a very relative thing.)My name is Hollow.I am the jagged lines you drawall along your skin,your muscles, your bones...The sharp edge of a knife,the scarlet drops of remorse.(Here's a question now for your
Another Language called EnglishI took your adjectives for granted. There was something about the way you skipped over your 's'es and gleaned over your 'i's and 'e's, that never really made me want to kiss you. You'd sit there with your languid fingers clutching a book that was half finished, and read me words that were completely mispronounced. It would prickle me under my skin and I would grit my teeth, wondering when you would stop. I would never understand the english language you thought you spoke, and your confidence in your own words annoyed me.It was comical when you spoke in front of our friends. Your mistaken pronunciation of the word 'pronunciation' in particular made them giggle. I would stand in a corner, clutching a glass of rum and coke and cringe, flushing in second hand embarrassment. You would smile at me from across the room, and continue with your tangled tongue as though nothing was wrong.I felt sorry for you. But not sorry enough when you took your favourite writing pen from my d
Sea of Liesi.My father never read me the story of Icarus. I found it for myself. I suppose he did not want me to know what it was like to almost touch the stars. But it was only after I had read the story did I even try to reach so far. It is a little like falling in love...and then drowning in the sea.(I would be lying if I said the fall didn't break everything I had once believed was solid.)ii.My science teacher knew well that I was a dreamer. When I told her I believed fairytales were as real as love is, I could see the disapproval and disappointment in her eyes. I suppose thats why in her classroom, when I was asked what the greatest force in the universe was, I answered love. I suppose thats why she laughed and reminded me that love was as much a fairytale as the fairytales I believed in.(She was wrong. Love exists...its just been broken into a million little pieces, set afloat in a sea of heartbreak.)iii.My mother didn't want to speak about t
Wistful"I am the boy who wants to loveyour misshapen words,your broken hearted pieces,andyour ink split fingers.I am the boy who wants to kissthose scar tattooed arms,that tear stained faceandmend what has been broken. I am the boy who canand willmake your heartsing poetry again."If only he would say itnowlike he hadthen.
Why I Hate Romantic Comedies1.Because they say that for every single boy who counts the stars, there is a little girl who is wishing upon one. (And they never mention what happens after the stars fade into morning and the other falls into oblivion)2.Because they say that people fall in love when the time is right, they are true to each other and are ready to be together. (But no one ever mentions how she is so damaged she can barely think, and he is so cynical that he may never be ready.)3.Because they insist that your soulmate is going to be a good, kind, caring human being who will love you from the bottom of their hearts. (This is due to the fact that even if there is someone for everyone, bad people are immune to the soulmate theory.)4.Because they always have a happy ending (And real life begins after the sun has set and she has realized that he may not be everything she hoped for and he begins to have second thoughts about commitment.)5.Because everything is assured in i
Two Years LaterShe asked him gently, "Do you love me?"In his long silence, she found closure,And left her love under a willow tree.
About Honour"Ever worried about what the world thought of you?""Nope. I only worry about what I think of me.""What do you think about you?""That I am a broken-eyed, converse-reject-wearing wise ass.""Really? And what do you call yourself?""I call me proud.""Oh.""What do you call yourself?""I am the grade school version of the heartbroken girl, who can't play the guitar so she strums a ukulele instead, who can't paint so she draws terrible pictures in graphite that keeps giving way.""I see you doing it again. Put the fucking pen down right now and stop it.""Stop what?""Doing that.""What? I was just writin-""You're cutting yourself to pieces with shark-toothed words again. Just because a sword is a beautiful, glittering object of honour doesn't mean it always has an honorable purpose.""Do you really think I am a sword?""Nope. I think you're beautiful, glittering object of honour. And the thing with honour is, it makes the world turn to stare in awe."
You call it Judgement, We call it SinEmily needs the words to understand that she isn't being unreasonable. She just wants them to mean something and not be a string of words which flows into itself over and over again.She doesn't like her name either. Not because Emily isn't a pretty name but because she would rather be called something she feels like. (She has never quite forgiven her parents for choosing her name for her.) If she could, she would call herself Glass, because that is what she wakes up feeling like every morning. As if crystallised pieces of glass are edible and her insides tingle as she swallows them whole.Emily lets the words call her names sometimes. She writes them on her knees so that she can remember them. Sometimes the words call her a whore, and sometimes stupid, and sometimes a loser and sometimes a tramp (She has never learnt that loving too much is a crime and boys with pretty eyes sometimes lie.). She sits in the bathroom with a pen the colour of blood and writes them carefully
Hemingway Would Hate ThisThe trouble with the Boy was that he didn't have the heart of Shakespeare, the voice of Poe, nor the soul of Wordsworth, nor the knowledge of Rembrandt in his darkest days. He didn't have a trace of Michaelangelo's spirit nor the angst of Carvaggio and this on its own was enough to dissuade him from understanding that technique was far better than solidarity and possession far more ageless than youth.He didn't have any of this knowledge because his father hadn't had the courage to tell him that he needed all the qualities of these great men, to win over the heart of a woman who had the dreams of Austen, the ideas of Da Vinci and the scent of a high priestess of Venetian origin.The Girl was all those things and more, and her value, her estimate in the market of souls was higher than most. She was an angel amongst Gods, and He should never have let her go into the world thinking that it was Keats hearted. Because like all women who live their lives story shaped, she was soon broken by
UndeservedI don't deserve to be an artist. I don't know how to hold deep meaningful conversations with strangers. I don't lament at night about a lover I have lost. I don't watch the white smoke ebb into darkness. I don't spend lonely nights admiring the true beauty of the world. I don't sleep restlessly from the truth of suffering within this world. I don't lie through my smiles or struggle to create them.But I do think I am a writer. I am completely, irreparably damaged. I cry all night over old words and emotional baggage. I weep over my lost innocence. I spend nights wishing for skin against my own I long for insomnia to inspire me. I beg for worlds to collide so I can breathe.So am I writer really? Or just another misguided artist?
A Snowfall CandlelitMy version of winter has always been flawed. It is controlled by the fall of snow and the exact amount of the ground it covers. It never ever covers the tiny little patch in the garden, right near the broken tin roofed shed. I suppose that is why I just like the idea of snow. But I do not love it.(Realisation: I suppose that little corner represents the only part of me that even I cannot love.)I met a man with candle lit wolf eyes and a strong, warm lion heart, who tells me Sea God stories before disappearing into a cold, cold winter's morning, fog cloaking his very essence.(Addendum: Sometimes I think of five a.m. coffee, and wonder if your smile didn't hold all of winter's warmth in it, whether I would still be liking the idea of it.)He lights candles and turns my room into a place of sanctity and prayer often. It makes the love making ironic in a way, I suppose. But nothing he ever does fails to intrigue the very fabric that my cotton soul is made of.
ApsaraFind me sunken into thelotus field, bathing skin silvergreen,waist-deep and pinkin sunset, and we will cry:for three-faced elephants,for rain,for the dancers threading gracebetween their fingertips—until I dress in the heaviness,a sarong of heat.
infinite/opposite.being an adult means knowingthat there are things much scarierthan spiders, or snakes, or clowns.the ocean, for one.losing your parents.empty tequila bottles.unanswered questions.waking up, still reachingfor someone who left youa long time ago.--i live like there's an end for mebecause there is.look,plants will wilt.forests will burn down.eventually, even the stars will burn out.people will come to us.they will touch us. they will hurt us.they may keep us. they may not.but i never hold on too tightbecause when it's time, my time,i'll only be letting go.--the heart has valvesthat constantly open and closegiving love, taking love.and my best adviceis to be selfish.know when you've had enough.know when you deserve better.close the valves andkeep some love for yourself.know that you are perfecteven if you eat that second cheeseburgerbecause there's magic in this world.we're proof of it.--apeirophobiais fear o
He doesn't write poetry anymore.He doesn't write poetry anymore,even if he still collects it, reads it, saves it, treasuresfaded verses from his wife the way connoisseurssavor vinyl over metallic rainbows on disc.I don't mind not knowing, but I can't stand not asking.The record needle hits the groove wrong;he stumbles over words that aren't there,rummaging for an answer he doesn't really have.He doesn't write poetry anymoreand his confusion is strangely endearing.But there's a lyricism to his words that I love,poetic lines inserted between the daily grindof character names and who said what;voiceless boys in white and draymen carting the dead to saltwater lakes,elegiac undertones that haunt historians and forlorn painters.He doesn't write poetry anymore –except when he does.
slowly, and then all at onceand for once, he slips on his wedding ring, to cure the monotony. it slides over his knuckle, a perfect fit, and in the morning release of sunlight the silver gleams at him. it glares, calling him a liar: she is not a whorehouse and you are too broke to own her, you harlot, you. he buttons up, tucks in his shirt tail, and buckles his belt. the clinking of metal parts is the only sound in the room besides the dusting of her breathing beside him. and when he's gone, the only thing he leaves behind are the bruises on her collarbone.-you find him because you're lonely, (well, it's actually the opposite.) he finds you because his wardrobe is black and his shoes are scuffed and he asks you where your castle is. you're the only princess he sees 'round here. the rain soaks into his shirt and he curses it, grinning. and damn girl, you follow him, because you think you see some kinda warmth in his ice blue eyes.-it takes you days t
Good Morning"Good Morning"I read those two words aloudImagining your voiceYour lips whisperingThem gently into my earAnd then I'd smileAnd say "Good Morning" tooAs I'd let myself rememberJust how much i loved youBut now I look downAnd all I see are two measly wordsSent from your fingersInstead of your lips.And while I tell myselfThose two words are enoughThat your love and mineCan traverse a hundred milesA thousand milesAnd still appear just as strongJust as pureI can'tAnd I worry, I fearThat my love may notBe enough to keep you happyAnd that one dayJust the memory of youWon't be enoughTo keep my tears away.And every time I think thatEvery time I let my worries attackI feel my heart begin to breakBecause in my heartYou're becoming someoneI can't live withoutEven though I already amAnd while it might beThe best way to save my heartI don't want to say "Goodbye"So I'll just say "Good Morning"And wait for your reply.
Xiao HuziYou are born to the sunset of the last day of summer, a titian crown of autumn leaves already in place upon your head. There is a thickness in the air and it drapes itself over your newborn skin; pale flesh mottled by both the luminescence of the orange sky, and the shadows of darkness' steady manifestation. Your head is too heavy to watch the moon rise gently into the heavens yellow and swollen, the mother of night's vast wonders but, perhaps by the touch of her light on your eyelids, you know that she is there. Likewise, some inborn inkling tells you that the stars, late in their nightly awakening, are still shrouded in a heavy dusk blanket. You too are still drowsy, and can empathise with their reluctance to rise. In this vale the birdsong is thick with sleep, trees stand still, slick with wood resin, and there are no beetles amongst the moss to set the undergrowth humming. Even the river has slowed its effervescent churning, calming to an indolent stream. T
SurrealismThree a.m., andGod is in my bathtubagain—sipping whiskeyhallelujahs;backlit bya freshwater moonin the mother-of-pearl sky.
UnforgettableFive years of uslearning each other,loving each other,before we took our vowsand began anew. Twenty hours of travelwas well worth it.The paradise we foundin that faraway landtook my breath away. Twelve daysof celebration.Just us,and a cabin in the rain forestoverlooking a black sand beach. Our pale skin pinked under the Costa Rican Sun,the burn soothed under a cloudless sky.We watched glimmering stars,brighter in the absence of city lights.Transformedby foreign tongues and familiar arms.An experience with no parallel.Taking our commitmentand testing itmaking it stronger.I hiked on slippery rocksto get to that special place,to stand underneath that waterfallwith you.To laugh with you,to take in the wonder of the worldin your company.To smile just because…I married you.
MuselingRed wine ramblescurdle the air, but stillyou dream; half-moonbody curled in thelamp light. I am leaving,I am leaving, choking onsome holy word—the floorboards creak,a sonata for mychangeling shadowwhilst you, hair tangled uponthe pillow, are spun gold.
Love as an AsthmaticI snatch my breath after we kissbecause I want to feel youcontractin my wheezing, useless lungsnot just a cravingbuta desperate needwithinin the physical urgeto breathe you in,andmake your mystical secretsa part of my body.
That was awesome I really liked it.
You're welcome. I got all into it. Captured my full attention, just a wonderful job.


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Peer Reviewed
Shake-speares Sonnets (Quarto 1, 1609)
603Thy beautie,_and thy yeares full well befits,
604For still temptation followes where thou art.
605Gentle thou art,_and therefore to be wonne,
608Will sourely leaue her till he haue preuailed.
611Who lead thee in their ryot euen there
612Where thou art forst to breake a two-fold truth:
613_Hers by thy beauty tempting her to thee,
614Thine by thy beautie beeing false to me.
617And yet it may be said I lou'd her deerely,
618That she hath thee is of my wayling cheefe,
620Louing offendors thus I will excuse yee,
623Suffring my friend for my sake to approoue her,
632For all the day they view things vnrespected,
634And darkely bright,_are bright in darke directed.
637To the cleere day with thy much cleerer light,


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