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US 6834282 B1 Abstract A logical and constraint-based hierarchical approach provides a highly flexible and expressive way in which to browse items stored in a database. The logical and constraint-based approach permits a user to create an arbitrary number of hierarchical representations of the items in a database. The approach permits items to be logically grouped on one level and grouped based on attribute/value constraints on the next. The hierarchical representation consists of nodes that are related to one another in a tree-like structure starting with a root node. Each node has a unique label, preferably indicative of the items in the database that it represents. Each node has a list of the labels of the nodes that are its children. Each node can only be the child of one parent node. Nodes may optionally express constraints based on attributes and their values that serve to define the scope of database items that fall under the node in the hierarchy. Each node inherits the constraints of its ancestors and therefore the scope of items in a database that that fall underneath a given node are defined by the aggregation of the constraints from the given node up to and including the root. A node that does not specify constraints instead specifies a logical grouping of items that cannot be specified by one or more constraints. The constraints are implicitly ANDed together in the aggregate. A logical grouping represents the equivalent of a logical ORing of constraints, but without the need for specifying attribute values or performing the function. A user browsing a database using the hierarchy triggers a search of the database by selecting one of the leaf nodes in the hierarchy. The constraints are aggregated and a rule is established that includes all of the database items that meet the aggregation of constraints. A database query is derived from the rule, and the database is searched for all items that meet the aggregated constraints. A set of items is returned and displayed for the user.
Claims(23) 1. A hierarchy for representing a plurality of items stored in a database, said hierarchy comprising:
a plurality of nodes each representative of a subset of the items; and wherein:
each of the nodes is a child of one other node, except for a root node, which is a child of no other node and is an ancestor of all of the nodes;
a first portion of the nodes each specify one or more constraints defining a scope of the subset of items represented by each of the first portion relative to their parent node; and
a second portion of the nodes specify no constraints, each of the second portion establishing a logical grouping defining a scope of the subset of the items represented by each of the second portion.
2. The hierarchy of
3. The hierarchy of
4. The hierarchy of
5. The hierarchy of
6. The hierarchy of
a third portion of the nodes are leaf nodes, each of the leaf nodes having no children; and
said hierarchy operable to determine the aggregation of constraints and to generate the search rule for each leaf node in response to activation of the leaf node.
7. The hierarchy of
8. The hierarchy of
9. The hierarchy of
10. The hierarchy of
11. A method of representing a plurality of items in a database hierarchically, each of the items associated with one or more attributes, each of the attributes having one or more values, said method comprising:
apportioning the plurality of items into subsets;
representing each of the subsets with a node in a hierarchy, each of the nodes being a child of one other node, except for a root node, which is a child of no other of the nodes and is an ancestor of all of the nodes in the hierarchy;
specifying one or more constraints for each of a first portion of the nodes, the constraints defining a scope of the subset of items represented by each of the first portion relative to their parent node; and
establishing a logical grouping of the items for a second portion of the nodes, the logical grouping defining a scope of the subset of items represented by each of the second portion of nodes, no constraints being specified for any of the second portion of the nodes.
12. The method of
13. The method of
14. The method of
15. The method of
16. The method of
a third portion of the nodes are leaf nodes, each of the leaf nodes having no children; and
said hierarchy operable to determine the aggregation of constraints and to generate the search rule for each leaf node in response to activation of the leaf node.
17. The method of
18. The method of
19. The method of
20. The method of
21. A method of browsing items stored in a database using a hierarchy, each of the items associated with one or more attributes, each of the attributes having one or more values, said method comprising:
apportioning the plurality of items into subsets;
representing each of the subsets with a node in a hierarchy, each of the nodes being a child of one other node, except for a root node, which is a child of no other of the nodes and is an ancestor of all of the nodes in the hierarchy;
specifying one or more constraints for each of a first portion of the nodes, the constraints defining a scope of the subset of items represented by each of the first portion; and
establishing a logical grouping of the items for a second portion of the nodes, the logical grouping defining a scope of the subset of items represented by each of the second portion of nodes, no constraints being specified for any of the second portion of the nodes;
displaying said hierarchy on a computer terminal, wherein each of said nodes are operative to be activated by selecting the node;
aggregating the constraints specified by a leaf node and its ancestors in response to selection of one of the leaf nodes;
forming a search rule from the aggregation that includes all items that meet the constraints;
initiating a search of the database in accordance with the search rule; and
returning to the terminal a list of the items that meet the constraints.
22. The method of
23. The method of
Description This application relates to application Ser. No. 09/884,179, filed on same day herewith, entitled �Rules Based Provision of Custom Pricing for Multiple Entities� and naming Scott Bonneau, Michael Nonemacher and Jeremy Weinrib as inventors, the application being incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. This application relates to application Ser. No. 09/884,216, filed on same day herewith, entitled �Rules Based Custom Catalogs Generated from a Central Catalog Database for Multiple Entities� and naming Scott Bonneau, Michael Nonemacher and Jeremy Weinrib as inventors, the application being incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. This application relates to application Ser. No. 09/884,375, filed on same day herewith, entitled �Browse Hierarchies Customized for Rules Based Custom Catalogs� and naming Scott Bonneau, Michael Nonemacher and Jeremy Weinrib as inventors, the application being incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. This application relates to application Ser. No. 09/886,691, filed on same day herewith, entitled �A Method For Building Digital Databases Optimized For Maintenance, Descriptiveness, And Fast Search� and naming Scott Bonneau and Michael Nonemacher as inventors, the application being incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to browsing on-line catalogs and web sites, and more specifically to a flexible and arbitrarily expressive rules-based browsing hierarchy for on-line catalogs and web sites. 2. Description of the Related Art With the advent of Internet based commerce, organizations on both the buy and sell side of business-to-business (B2B) procurement relationships have sought to harness computer networks as a means for automating the procurement process between them. To facilitate e-commerce, and particularly e-procurement, suppliers of goods and services have developed electronic catalogs by which potential buyers can receive and display information regarding the goods and services offered by the seller, including descriptive information, pictures and prices. One issue confronted by sellers offering goods and services for sale over the Internet, whether through electronic catalogs or a web site, is how to present their product information to a buyer. One simple approach is to mimic a user's interaction with a paper catalog. This approach involves presenting the buyer with a sequence of catalog pages displayed on the buyer's computer screen, each page consisting of descriptive data in the form of text and images that cover some number of items being offered by the seller. Using this technique for catalogs containing a large number of items will likely require the buyer to browse too many pages to find the items in which the user is interested. For a catalog or web site with even a moderately expansive offering of items, this solution is not practicable. The buyer will probably lose interest before finding the item being sought, and the seller will lose a sale. One way to make the browsing process more manageable is to organize the catalog items in the database into some form of hierarchy. The presentation created by the hierarchy should be expressive, and should guide the buyer through the catalog of product offerings (as stored in the database of the seller) to specific items of interest to the buyer with reasonable ease and flexibility. A hierarchy typically attempts to classify and/or categorize catalog items starting with relatively general levels of specificity, and gradually becomes more specific based on values of particular attributes associated with the items. Such a hierarchy can be thought of as a simple tree structure, with higher-order nodes representing more general classifications for the items, and lower-order nodes (i.e. the children of the more general nodes) representing a narrowing of the scope of items that occupy the lower levels of the hierarchy. One way sellers have been known to hierarchically organize their catalog data for browsing is in accordance with a �classification-category-vendor� hierarchy. A simple representation of this hierarchy is illustrated in FIG. 1a. Imposing this hierarchy requires that products be stored in the database along with values for each of these three attributes. At the classification level 100, catalog items are split into some predetermined number of classes each represented by a unique class label. Each class node is then split at the category level 120 into some number of category nodes equal to the number of predetermined categories established under each class. The category nodes are then split at the vendor level 140 to create some number of vendor nodes under each category equal to the precise number of vendors supplying products in the category. FIG. 1b is illustrates one possible example of a hierarchy that has been created in accordance with the model of FIG. 1a. In the example, the items in the catalog database are divided into two very general classes: hardware and software. Thus, the hierarchy of FIG. 1b reflects these classes with two nodes at the class level 100, one labeled as �hardware� 180 and one labeled as �software� 160. The class nodes are then split at the category level 120 into categories represented by the nodes �O/S (operating systems)� 162, �applications� 164 and �video games� 166. Under the �hardware� node 180, the categories might be �PCs (personal computers)� 182, �peripherals� 186, and �storage� 184. Finally, the nodes at the category level 120 are split at the vendor level 140 into a number of nodes representing the particular vendors supplying items from each category as illustrated. FIG. 1c illustrates the manner in which a seller might display this hierarchy in the form of hyperlinks on a web page displayed by a browser program. Typically, the top level is displayed first. If a user-buyer selects one of the classes, the categories are then displayed under the selected class in a manner that indicates they are children falling under the class (e.g. indented). Those of skill in the art will recognize that there a number of ways in which a user can select hyperlinks, including activating the link by clicking a button of a computer mouse. Selection of a category then causes the vendor choices to be displayed under the selected category. In FIG. 1c, the class node �Software� was selected, which led to the display of category nodes �Applications,� �O/S� and �Video Games.� The �Applications� node was then selected, leading to the display of vendor nodes �Adobe,� �Microsoft� and �Intuit.� Selecting the �Adobe� node will then typically retrieve all Adobe applications software products, and descriptive marketing text and images associated with those products. The database consisting of the data for each item can be flat (i.e. the database has no physical hierarchy such that all of the items are at the same level). In this case, items fall into a particular one of the terminal nodes of the hierarchy (i.e. a node having no children of its own) based on the attribute values that are ascribed to that node of the hierarchy. In the alternative, the database itself may be physically ordered hierarchically, in which case the location into which an item is stored in the database implicitly dictates its position in the hierarchy, rather than expressly using the values of attributes stored with the items. While a hierarchically arranged database can be more economical in size because attribute values are implied rather than explicitly stored, sellers have been moving away from this approach. Requiring the ordering of the database in a certain manner removes even more flexibility from the seller with respect to how the hierarchy is employed. For example, a seller may wish to organize the hierarchy as �vendor-class-category� but would be restricted from doing so if the database was hierarchically ordered in the manner illustrated by FIG. 1a. Either way, the foregoing approach is extremely inflexible because the expressiveness of the hierarchy is limited to that which has been preordained. Even if the depth of the hierarchy is expanded to include more levels of specificity, the navigational path by which each item is ultimately browsed is fixed, and so are the rules by which the hierarchy is organized. Put another way, each item can be browsed through exactly one path through the hierarchy because the manner in which the hierarchy is organized is predetermined. Thus, it would be desirable to provide a more flexible and expressive browse hierarchy that permits the seller the freedom to organize the browsing hierarchy in an arbitrary manner. Such a hierarchy would even permit a user to browse the catalog data through multiple navigational paths to arrive at the same item because multiple instances of an item would be permitted to reside in the hierarchy. It would also be preferable for the hierarchy to be flexible enough to accommodate arbitrary logical groupings of catalog items or classifications of items that aren't necessarily tied together by some common set of attribute values stored in association with the items in the database. The invention is a hierarchy for representing a plurality of catalog items stored in a catalog database. In one embodiment, the hierarchy includes a plurality of nodes each representative of some predefined subset of the items. Each of the nodes is a child of one other node, except for a root node, which is a child of no other node and is an ancestor of all of the nodes. Some of the nodes each specify one or more constraints defining a scope of the subset of items represented by each of the nodes. A second group of the nodes specifies no constraints, and each of the second portion of nodes establishes a logical grouping of items that logically defines a scope of the subset of the items represented by each of the second portion relative to the scope of items represented by its parent. The constraints specified by the first portion of nodes are based on attributes associated with the items and a permissible range of values for those attributes. Each node in the hierarchy inherits all of the constraints of its ancestors along with any of its own constraints, and the aggregation of these constraints through a logical ANDing completely defines the scope of the items represented by the node. Leaf nodes comprise a third portion of the nodes, and leaf nodes have no child nodes under them. The hierarchy can facilitate computer browsing of the database when the hierarchy is made available for display on a computer terminal. In one embodiment, the nodes are operable to be activated when selected by a computer mouse. In one embodiment, selecting a node other than a leaf node causes optional text associated with the selected node to be displayed. Further, activating a node also causes the display of the activated node's child nodes and renders them available for selection. Selecting a leaf node causes an aggregation of all constraints specified by the leaf node and its ancestors, and the formulation of a search rule that includes all items in the database that meets the aggregation of constraints. The search rule is then transmitted to a database server in the former of a search query that returns a list of the items from the database that belong to the subset represented by the leaf node. The list of items, and other collateral information is then returned to the computer terminal used to select the leaf node. The present invention may be better understood, and its numerous objectives, features and advantages made apparent to those skilled in the art by referencing the accompanying drawings. The use of the same reference number throughout the several figures designates a like or similar element. FIG. 1a shows a prior-art browsing hierarchy based on classification. FIG. 1b shows an example hierarchy based on the prior art hierarchy of FIG. 1a. FIG. 1c shows an example of how the browsing hierarchy might be displayed to a user as the user browses a catalog in accordance with the prior-art hierarchy of FIG. 1b. FIG. 2 shows one embodiment of a system in which the logic and constraint based hierarchy of the invention can be employed. FIG. 3 provides one possible example of a logic and constraint-based hierarchy that might be employed in accordance with the invention. Overview The method and apparatus for hierarchically representing items in a database provides a highly flexible and expressive catalog browsing hierarchy by which a buyer can navigate the items in a seller's catalog database. The seller can develop the hierarchy to be arbitrarily expressive and provide any number of navigational paths by which the buyer can navigate the seller's catalog to reach a particular item or set of items in the catalog. In one embodiment, the seller's database is hierarchically flat and each product is represented by a unique SKU ID (identifier) in the catalog database. In this embodiment, each product belongs to exactly one product type. Unless an attribute is one that is deliberately made common to more than one product type, each attribute belongs to one product type and is identified by a unique attribute ID. Each product type is also uniquely identified with a product type ID. Those of skill in the art will recognize that the most common way to uniquely identify something in a table is with some form of alphanumeric identifier. Some examples of product type might be �personal computer (PC),� �memory,� and �hard-drive.� Some examples of attributes that might be uniquely associated with such product types might be �processor clock speed,� �memory size,� �vendor� and �capacity� respectively. Catalog data typically consists of part specific data such as attribute value pairs. Examples are color=blue, size=64 k, processor speed=800 MHz, etc. Each node in the hierarchy is associated with a unique label. Each node also contains a list of the labels for each of its child nodes (if any). Optionally, each node is associated with marketing text and image data, and may specify one or more constraints that require all items falling under the node to have specific values for certain item attributes. The constraints specified at a node are logically ANDed together, and are in effect logically ANDed with the constraints specified (if any) by all of the nodes that are its ancestors. Thus, any items that fall under a particular node in the hierarchy must meet al of the constraints by specified by the node itself, but also any constraints that are specified by its ancestors. Put another way, each node inherits the constraints of its ancestors. If a node does not specify any constraints, then it in effect specifies a logical grouping of items that could not otherwise be specified by an ANDed set of constraints. A logical grouping of items under a node is the equivalent of an implied logical ORing of constraints. In one embodiment, whenever a leaf node is selected (i.e. activated), the constraints specified by the leaf node and all of its ancestors are ANDed together (i.e. aggregated) into a single rule that is used to generate a single query on the catalog database. The search returns a set of catalog items the scope of which is dictated by the aggregated constraints. The returned set of catalog items, along with marketing and image data associated with the items can then be displayed by the browser for the user's perusal. In one embodiment, the rule �includes� all items in the database that meet the aggregation of constraints. Those of skill in the art will recognize that the rule could instead be implemented as �excluding� all items meeting the constraint. Because a node specifying a logical grouping in effect specifies an implicit ORing of constraints by express assignment, the OR function does not have to be included in the database query and therefore executed by the database server. This makes the searching process significantly faster. As previously mentioned, each of the nodes optionally can be associated with marketing text and image data related to the items defined by the node. When a user selects an interim (i.e. not a leaf) node in the hierarchy, the associated text and image data can be displayed along with the children of the selected node. This information may be more generalized information for items falling within the scope of the constraints specified by the node and its ancestors, or it could be remotely or not all related to the path taken by the user through the hierarchy. Thus, a seller can arbitrarily define the scope of catalog items defined by any node, without regard to some predetermined hierarchy, provided that attributes are associated with the items or that a logical assignment can be made, sufficient to define the desired scope. Structure One embodiment of the invention is presented with reference to FIG. 2. Catalog database 10 contains the most recent version of the catalog data assembled and maintained by the seller. The catalog data stored in the database 10 is accessed through queries made to database server 9. Database server 9 can be any server capable computer, including one capable of running SQL Server 7 by Microsoft. Item information can be imported into database 10 via import input 24 from manufacturers and vendors of products sold by seller. A format such as XML (extensible Mark-up Language) can be used to represent the imported data for easy manipulation and conversion. Users authorized by the seller may be given access to the database 10 through an application program running on application server 8, which is in communication with the database server 9 through communications bus 32. The application server 8 can be any server capable computer, including a PC server capable of running the Windows NT operating system available from Microsoft Corporation. Updates to and maintenance of database 10 can be made directly by the seller-authorized users through the application program. In one embodiment of the invention, the application server 8 communicates with database server 9 over bus 32 using TCP/IP communications protocol and JDBC/ADO database protocols. The set of nodes and the arbitrary rules used to define the scope of the subset of catalog data to be included at each node of the browse hierarchy is created by seller-authorized users through terminals 38 coupled to application server 8. The constraints are physically stored with (although maintained independently from) the catalog data in database 10. For each leaf node activated during the browse process, the application aggregates the constraints specified by the leaf node and all of its ancestors into a single �include� rule. The application then derives a database search query from the �include� rule and communicates the query to the database server 9. The database server 9 executes the query and retrieves the subset of the catalog data that meets the aggregated constraints for the leaf node activated during the browsing process. The database server 9 returns the subset of the catalog information in the form of a list of item SKUs, along with any ancillary marketing text or image data associated with each of the returned SKUs. In one embodiment, the data is presented for display on the user's terminal from which the browsing is conducted. where a user is browsing the hierarchy over the Internet using a web browser, the list of retrieved SKUs and any data associated therewith is converted by the application to one or more web pages communicated presented to the user based on the query initiated by the selection of the leaf node. In another embodiment, a buyer authorizes users to access the application running on application server 8 over the Internet 40. In this case, the buyer-authorized user accesses the application through web server 12 coupled to browsers 14. Those of skill in the art will recognize that a single server could be used to run both the application as well as the web server application. Once the buyer-authorized user gains access through an Internet Service Provider (ISP), the user contacts the application through web server 12, signs on and is acknowledged as an authorized user by the application. The application then provides the user with web pages that display the browse hierarchy as developed by the seller in accordance with the invention. The buyer-authorized user can then browse the catalog database by selecting (i.e. activating) nodes in the hierarchy and initiating database queries as previously described. The application provides the results of database searches as initiated by the selection of leaf nodes in the hierarchy as web pages through web server 12 over Internet 40 to be displayed on the user's browser 14. The seller-authorized users can perform hierarchy development and maintenance either over the Internet 40 using a machine such as a PC running a web browser 38, or directly with the application server 8 as previously discussed. Methodology As previously discussed, each node has a unique label or name associated with it, each node also contains a list of the names of its children. Optionally, each node specifies attribute-value based constraints as well as marketing text or image data that can be displayed upon activation of the node. In one embodiment, the general form of the constraints specified at each node might be All items where:
where ATT_Name is an attribute identifier, op is an operator {=, >, <, �starts with� or �contains�}, ATT_Val is the value of the attribute, and the AND is an implicit operator between all of the constraints specified by the node. Also as previously discussed, in one embodiment when a leaf node is activated, a rule is generated that includes all of the constraints as specified for the leaf node and each of the nodes that are ancestors of the leaf node. Just as the constraints for each node are implicitly ANDed together, so are the constraints between nodes. The rule for the entire browse path between the selected leaf node and the root takes the general form of either an include (INC) or exclude (EXC). In one embodiment, the rule is an INC based rule and takes the general form:
One example of a hierarchy that might be developed by a seller-authorized user in accordance with the method of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 3. At the top of the hierarchy is a root node 142 that typically is labeled �the root� and typically does not specify constraints associated with it. This is because for a typical implementation, the root node will represent all items in the database. In fact, if the root node 142 does specify constraints, the hierarchy will likely not represent or span the scope of the entire database. One example where this might be desirable is in the event that items in the database are associated with a date-stamp attribute indicating when they were added to the database. The root node could, for example, constrain the items falling under it as only those items that were added more than three days prior to the current date. In the alternative, if the root node does not specify any constraints, than by default it specifies a logical grouping of all items in the database as defined by its children. This is a powerful tool for expression because the items may then be grouped arbitrarily under the root node into any combination of nodes that the seller desires. With respect to FIG. 3, the items are grouped into the categories of: �PCs,� �Peripherals,� �Software,� and �Clearance Specials.� The benefit of specifying such a logical grouping at any node is significant. First, it is equivalent to the implicit logical ORing of several disparate attributes. It does so without requiring any database query to reflect the function, and thus does not burden the database server with its execution. Second, it permits the seller to classify the items into arbitrary groups under it as the seller sees fit. The root 142 may also have some optional marketing text or image information associated with it so that the data may be displayed to the user's browser prior to the user browsing the catalog database. The next level of the example hierarchy of FIG. 3 includes the logical grouping of nodes labeled �PCs� 143, �Peripherals� 155, �Software� 154 and �Clearance Specials� 157 as previously noted. Each of these nodes includes the list of their respective children as previously discussed. If the items that fall under any of these nodes can be expressed as one or more logically ANDed constraints based on attribute values associated with the items in the database, they are so specified. For nodes such as PCs 143 and Software 154, if these labels also represent product types for example, then the items that fall under them can be specified by node constraints such as: �all items having PRODUCT TYPE=PC� and �all items having PRODUCT TYPE=Software� respectively. For a node such as Clearance Specials 157, however, there may be no such attribute ascribed to any items in the database. Thus, the nodes that fall under it will themselves be a logical grouping. The node labeled �PCs� 143 has as its list of children nodes labeled �High-performance� 145 and �Medium Performance� 144. In one embodiment, these nodes will be displayed if the buyer-authorized user selects the �PCs� 143 node. For these nodes, constraints can be specified by the seller to describe the items that would fall under either of these nodes in the hierarchy. For example, the constraint for node 145 might be �all items where Processor Clock Speed>1 GHz�. To continue down a browse path, a constraint for node 151 might be �all items where PROCESSOR VENDOR=Intel� and for node 152 might be �all items where PC VENDOR=Compaq�. Thus, in the case of the example hierarchy of FIG. 3, the rule defining of all items that fall under the leaf node �Compaq� 153 with its aggregated constraints could be expressed as:
An example of aggregated node constraints by which to include all software that is A manufactured by Microsoft Corporation and is related to �Windows� under leaf node 159 could be expressed as follows:
A database query is created by the application running on the application server from these INC rules, and the database query is issued to the database server. The database server searches the database in accordance with the constraints specified by the rules and returns a set of SKUs to the application server. The application then converts the data returned by the search to pages that can be displayed on the user's computer. In the case of an embodiment accessed over the Internet, the search results data is converted into web pages that are transmitted to the user over the Internet by the web browser. The pages are received by the user's browser, and displayed by the browser on the user's terminal. It can be seen from the example hierarchy of FIG. 3 that the invention provides far more flexibility and expressiveness than prior art browsing hierarchies. For example, the user has the option to browse high-performance Compaq personal computers either through a level that further refines the PCs based on processor vendor (i.e. through browse path nodes 143, 145, 151 and 152), or directly from the high-performance node (i.e. through browse path nodes 143, 145 and 147). In former case, the SKUs returned by selecting the leaf node will include only those PCs that are made by Compaq and employ an Intel processor operating at a clock speed greater than 1 GHz. In the latter case, the SKUs will be all PCs made by Compaq running at over 1 GHz. Thus, it can be seen that the items represented by the SKUs in the first case will also be included in the set of SKUs returned by the second case. There are two paths by which the SKUs in the first set are browsed. Moreover, some of those SKUs may also end up returned by selecting the �PCs� node under the �Clearance� node. One example of the more flexible nature of the invention is that the particular levels in the hierarchy are not rigidly assigned to one attribute or product type for differentiation. For example, the second level of the hierarchy for PCs splits based on processor performance, whereas for software, the split is based on operating system type. With respect to peripherals, the second level of the hierarchy splits on product categories. Thus, the seller is not constrained to follow some rigid and predetermined hierarchical format. Another example of the flexibility of the invention permits arbitrary logical groupings to be made where convenient. For example, the �Peripheral� 155 and �Clearance� 157 nodes are not likely discernable on the basis of rules based constraints; the seller will not likely alter the database to add a clearance attribute to items that are occasionally priced for clearance. Yet, this hierarchical category can be arbitrarily established using the invention. In fact, the entire hierarchy under the Clearance node 157 may be a logical grouping that specifies the SKUs outright for those PCs and those software programs that have been placed on clearance. In FIG. 4, a screen shot is presented that provides one example of how the hierarchy for a particular catalog database may be developed by a seller-authorized user. The nodes are represented as folder icons and selecting one of the node icons will reveal child nodes if any. The existence of child nodes is indicted by the plus signs that are associated with each node icon. The screen illustrates that the �cables� node icon has been selected, and all of the children for the �cables� node are now displayed with a slight indentation to their parent. The node is named using the �Node Name� text box. Marketing text to be associated with selecting this node can be entered in the �Marketing Text� text box. A marketing image can also be included with the marketing text by specifying a URL from where the image can be retrieved. The constraints associated with this node are specified as an attribute identifier (e.g. �Product Type�), an operator between the attribute and the attribute value (e.g. �Equal�) and a value for the attribute (e.g. �cable�). Thus, selecting this node will display any marketing text entered, any marketing image specified, and if a leaf node in the hierarchy, a set of SKUs that meet the criterion of having a product type attribute equal to cable. The browser interface of FIG. 4 will also display the current aggregation of constraints for each node being created or selected, so the user can more easily ascertain the constraints if any that should be applied to the node to achieve the desired rule for the leaf node in the path. Those of skill in the art will recognize that regardless of whether the custom catalog subsets are provided to buyers through export to offline web sites or procurement networks, or directly through on-line extranets, the method and apparatus of the present invention makes it far easier on the seller to publish custom catalogs for its various buyers. The seller need only create and maintain a common catalog database in one physical location that represents the superset all available goods/services offered by the seller. The seller then simply establishes a set of rule based searches, one for each buyer or buyer organization, and then generates the custom subset of the superset by executing the searches and returning a set of SKUs for each buyer. If the database is updated, the seller need only run the established sets of rules to publish updated custom catalogs for each buyer. If the relationship between seller and buyer evolves and requires a different scope of products or services to be included in that buyer's catalog, only the set of rules needs to be altered, at which point the buyer's catalog is simply regenerated using the same database. The above embodiments illustrate but do not limit the invention. In particular, the invention is neither limited by the types of computers used as servers, nor the operating systems, web server or database server application software running on such servers. The invention is limited neither by the types of user terminals used to connect to the servers, nor the type of browser software resident on the terminals. The invention is neither limited by the structure of the data as stored in the database, nor is it limited by the nomenclature used in identifying data types and attributes. The invention does not have to be implemented using the Internet, but rather may be implemented over any network, using any type of transmission protocol and display formats. Many embodiments of the present invention have application to a wide range of industries including the following: computer hardware and software manufacturing and sales, professional services, financial services, automotive sales and manufacturing, telecommunications sales and manufacturing, medical and pharmaceutical sales and manufacturing, and construction industries. Other embodiments and variations are within the scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims. Patent Citations
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text:
Statecraft: The Art, Science, and Illusion of Governing 2.4 Billion People: The Modern State in China and India
Tarun Khanna
Publication Date:Feb 01, 2008Discipline:EntrepreneurshipSource:Harvard Business Press Chapters |
Product number:8052BC-HCB-ENG Length:26p |
English Hardcopy Black & White
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English Hardcopy Black & White | $ 6.93
This chapter examines the evolution of the Chinese and Indian governments over the last half-century and the political legacies each country struggles with as it opens up to the twenty-first century.
This chapter is excerpted from "Billions of Entrepreneurs: How China and India Are Reshaping Their Futures and Yours"
learning objective:
To look at the different choices made by the modern nation-states of China and India and the implications of those choices for twenty-first century development.
subjects covered:
Business & government relations; Developing countries; Entrepreneurship; Global business; Innovation; International business; Laws & regulations; Strategic planning
- Geographic: China
- Geographic: India

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Posts Tagged ' mobile marketing '
3 reasons to make mobile your priority
5 key holiday marketing trends and predictions
#HolidayHotSheet: How consumers and marketers are using mobile this holiday season
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Apple Pay grants iPhone owners' wish
#TrendingNow – holiday season prep
#TrendingNow – Getting extra creative with email engagement
A look into the standout emails hitting the inbox from August 10-22, 2014.[ READ MORE ]


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Gujarat is the home of growth and development since decades. It is also known as growth engine of India but their state Government employees are getting fix salary. They have salary of only few thousands rupees. It is one of the lowest salary compare to other regular employees in the State Government. So, case has been filed against the State Government of Gujarat in the Gujarat High Court earlier. They have ordered the State Government to provide full pay scale plus grade pay as well as full arrears till date from joining date.
When Government of Gujarat loose the court case in the High Court, they have filed appeal in the Supreme Court of India (Appex Court). It has been more than six months in the supreme court and there was no judgement from the court. Now, today is the judgement day and more than 1 lakhs government employees wants to know what will be judgement for the fix pay employees of Gujarat ?
We will update this article when we get further information regarding the court case of Fix Pay Government employees of Gujarat. Meanwhile, you can also visit this website for further recruitment details i.e. Sarkari Naukri.
For more details and information on Final Judgement of Gujarat Fix Salary Employees in Supreme Court Case, Please keep visiting this article space to get updates.
7th October, 2013 is the next date of Gujarat Fix Pay Scale Case in Supreme Court.
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Home > Videos > Hayes - Previews Dr. Dre/Timbaland Collaboration
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Flo-Rida – "Once In A Lifetime"
D.R.A.M. - "Cha Cha"
"Mad Izm" 20th Anniversary & "Hip Hop & Hemp" Trailer
Nas Surprises Fashawn At "The Ecology" Album Release Party
Wale – Simply Nothing Tour Vlog (Ep. 5)
Dipset - "Have My Money"
Chris Brown & Trey Songz Brought Out R. Kelly, Keith Sweat, T.I. & More In Atlanta
Kanye West Parallels "The Matrix" With The Bible & 88 Years Until Wu-Tang's Last Album
Big Sean f. Drake & Kanye West - "Blessings"
Big Sean f. Drake - "Blessings" (Trailer)
Noisey Atlanta: Rich Gang - Sometimes You Win, Sometimes You Lose (Ep. 8)
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02/02/2015 Fencing Splits at Drew UniversityJulia Sheng led the Leopards with a 5-1 mark 11/17/2014 Sheng Leads the Way at Haverford InvitationalLafayette took part in the Haverford Invitational over the weekend 11/10/2014 Fencing Travels to Vassar InvitationalThe Lafayette men went 3-4 while the women were 2-4 on the day. 11/03/2014 Fencing Competes in Temple Open Over the WeekendLafayette is back in action Nov 9th at Vassar Invitational 03/08/2014 Lafayette Hosts NCAA Fencing RegionalsThe Leopards had 13 student-athletes compete in the NCAA Mid-Atlantic/South Regionals |
Lafayette Athletics, as a partner in the mission of the College, provides an incredibly effective learning experience for student-athletes through competitive NCAA Division I athletics. Lafayette sponsors 23 varsity sports with more than 600 student-athletes.
Mission Statement | Leopard Tradition | Staff Directory | FeedbackThe Lafayette Sports Network (LSN) handles all multimedia elements and advertising sales for athletics at Lafayette College. LSN is the Patriot League leader in delivering high-quality programming worldwide via television, radio, streaming video and satellite.
Advertising and Sponsorships | Digital Media | LSN TV


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recipe reviews for:
"These white chicken enchiladas are a cinch to make with ingredients right off the shelf. The only skill required is in measuring, the rest just works itself out!"
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SYDNEY (AP) — A plane carrying 97 people made an emergency landing in western Australia on Tuesday after one of its engines caught fire. No one was injured.
Cobham Aviation Services said one of the plane's four engines caught fire as it was climbing shortly after takeoff from Perth Airport.
"When the fire was detected, the engine was shut down and the fire extinguished," the company said in a statement. "There were no injuries among the 92 passengers or two pilots and three cabin crew."
The British Aerospace BAe 146 jet, which had been heading to Barrow Island off the west Australian coast, returned to Perth and landed safely. The cause of the fire was under investigation.
Passenger Jason Grimmett said he was sitting near the engine that caught fire.
"Fuel starting spewing out, caught alight — there was a bit of panic on board but the pilots were quite quick to react and cut fuel lines and then put it out," he told Australian Broadcasting Corp. "So we just turned around and came back in."
Perth is serving as the hub for a multinational search effort for missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, which vanished March 8 on a trip from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, to Beijing. Analyses of satellite and radar data show the Malaysian plane probably crashed somewhere in the remote Indian Ocean far off the west Australia coast.
A plane has landed at #Perth Domestic Airport plane after catching fire during takeoff. (Photo: Matt Pilat) #9News pic.twitter.com/juGfOluRfU
— Nine News Perth (@9NewsPerth) April 29, 2014


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" In Michael's Realm " by Harvey Summers - download at iTunes:
DIVINE HARMONIES: Guardian Angels by Harvey Summers.
The recording 'In Michael's Realm' composed and performed by Harvey Summers is taken from the CD "Guardian Angels".
The album takes you on a musical journey starting with the haunting sounds and echoes of our Guardian Angels that encourages us to hear messages of comfort, guidance and empowerment from the Angelic Realm.
The CD is part of a 3 CD set entitled "Divine Harmonies", to listen to this and the other CDs in the set go to the website below.
webcast created by


text: Air Date: Tue, April 22nd, 2014 Clip Or watch Walk MS in full HD on KUED's video portal » Walk MS connects people living with MS with those who care about them. Here to tell us more is Becky Lyttle. Show Guest: Becky LyttleOrganization: Walk MS Utah / Southern Idaho


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Exhibitor Resources
The Exhibitor Resource Center is designed to assist you in all phases of planning for your exhibiting experience at the NPF. All information from marketing and hotel accommodations to the onsite contractor services can be found in this section.
Bulletin 1
Bulletin 1 provides exhibitors with information on how to and where to order services for their booth. Download a copy of Bulletin 1 for your records.
Rules and Regulations
The rules and regulations are written to provide all exhibitors an equal opportunity to present their product in the most effect and professional manner. Download a copy of the Rules & Regulations.
Important Deadlines
The important deadlines for the 2015 NPF are published to enable you to take advantage of all discounts and to make sure you meet all deadlines. Download a copy of the Important Dates Listing for your reference.
Show Hours
Saturday, May 16, 2015 – 8:00 am – 5:00 pm
Sunday, May 17, 2015 – 8:00 am – 5:00 pm
(All exhibits must be set by 5:00 pm on Sunday, May 17th to facilitate cleaning of the Exhibit Hall)
Show Hours
Monday, May 18, 2015 - 9:30 am – 4:00 pm
Tuesday, May 19, 2015 - 9:30 am – 2:00 pm; 5:00 pm – 6:30 pm
(Exhibits will close from 2:00 pm – 5:00 pm and reopen from 5:00 pm – 6:30 pm for the Exhibitor Reception)
Wednesday, May 20, 2015 - 9:00 am – 12:00 pm
(Note: Attendee lunch will be held in the exhibit hall Monday and Tuesday from 12:00 pm – 1:30 pm)
Wednesday, May 20, 2015 – 12:00 pm – 8:00 pm
Thursday, May 21, 2015 – 8:00 am – 5:00 pm
Non-Official Contractor
Download a copy of the exhibitor Non-Official Contractor Form if you are using an outside contractor to set your booth.
Please review the NPF rules and regulations for non-official contrators.
Exhibitor Registration
Exhibitor registration is provided for four individuals per 10'x10' booth space. This registration entitles exhibitors entry into the exhibition hall during installation, exhibition, and dismantle hours as well as all business sessions. Also, each exhibitor must have a badge to gain access to the general sessions or educational sessions. To register your personnel, go to our website at www.npf.org and sign-in to the registration with your username and password provided via email to register your personnel. If you have already gone online to reserve hotel reservations for your personnel, this will also register them for exhibitor badges. Exhibitor registration should be made by April 24, 2015. After that date go to the registration desk inside the Exhibit Hall at the 2015 NPF.
Exhibitor Housing
Exhibitor Housing is now open!
We have heard that there are unauthorized vendors trying to secure room reservations from exhibitors for 2015 NPF, but please be assured, these are not authorized hotels and may result in misinformation, non-guaranteed reservations, higher fees upon check-in and lost room deposits.
or (703) 293-2329.
Exhibitor Manual
The Exhibitor Service Manual is a fountain of information for exhibitors. It contains rules, regulations and general information, plus various order forms for services exhibitors may need during installation and dismantle.
Press List
In order to facilitate your company's maximum exposure, the NPF press list with contact names and addresses has been posted to the NPF website. We encourage you to send press releases to these contacts concerning new product development and changes within your organization. The press list is not the registered press list for the Forum. A registered press list will be distributed onsite at the National Postal Forum in 2015. You can download the NPF Press List here.
Meeting Room Requests
Hospitality Suites are available and may be reserved through Judy Clear at the NPF Headquarters at (703) 293-2317.
Note: Hospitality functions are not permitted during National Postal Forum Educational Sessions.
The National Postal Forum monitors closely the requests from companies for hospitality suites in an effort to encourage exhibitors to use the suites during non-official function hours, and to discourage non-exhibiting companies from utilizing a hospitality suite for business purposes and product demonstrations.
. There may be an additional fee for meeting space. Download a copy of the Meeting Space Request Form here.
NPF Logos
Promote your participation at the NPF by utilizing the NPF logo.
Download NPF logos to publish on your website and marketing pieces.
Enhance Your Exhibiting Experience
To maximize your exhibiting experience, take advantage of advertising and sponsorship opportunities.


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Get Truthdig's headlines in your inbox!
In the Shadow of FDR, Netanyahu Preaches a Politics of Fear
Jon Stewart on 'Bibi's Big Adventures' in America
Tariq Ali: The Time Is Right for a Palace Revolution
Netanyahu, 'Censored Voices,' and the False Narrative of Self-Defense
How Iranian Politicians Reacted to Netanyahu's Anti-Iran Speech to Congress (Video)
By Rebecca Skloot $15.21
By Paul Krugman $17.13
Greg Palast
A 1997 memo retrieved from the filing cabinet of investigative reporter Greg Palast shows the involvement of Lawrence Summers—Obama's current favorite for chairman of the Federal Reserve—in a successful plan to help big bank CEOs "rip apart financial regulation across the planet."
International gumshoe reporter Greg Palast tells RT's Max Keiser how the fate of the Argentinian economy will be decided by a legal battle between the White House and Paul Singer—"the great vulture speculator in America" and "probably the top donor, or organizer of donors for the Republican party"—over the profits of big banks.
The big banks' influence in Washington has only grown in direct proportion to the harm they have caused to the nation's economy.
AP/Mark Lennihan
Reports in the business press tout a prime participant in the great banking hustle as a possible candidate to be the next Treasury secretary.
Air Force / Master Sgt. Cecilio Ricardo
Hassan Nemazee has raised millions for Democratic candidates, including Bill and Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama, and for the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee. He was arrested Tuesday for allegedly using bogus documents and phone numbers to try to sucker Citibank out of $74 million.
AP photo / J. David Ake
You probably don't know much about Sheila Bair, but she is looking out for you, and that is why the big guys on Wall Street and their allies in the Obama administration are out to get her.
Flickr / chakote
The Dow had a big day on Tuesday, leaping 379 points after Citibank reported two months of profits and Fed chief Ben Bernanke indicated the banks could have some wiggle room in the accounting of their junk assets. The day may have ended with high-fives on Wall Street, but there's good reason to stay gloomy.
After receiving $45 billion from U.S. taxpayers just two months ago, Citibank's much-maligned parent Citigroup will be no longer, as the financial giant announced in Solomon-style manner Friday that it will split itself into two, dividing the company's traditional banking business— becoming Citicorp—and its riskier investment department—Citi Holdings.
You know the economy is in trouble when investors and analysts are relieved that Citigroup lost only $9.83 billion in the last quarter of 2007. The banking giant managed to squeeze a few billion out of Abu Dhabi and Singapore, and will still pay a dividend on its stock, so for now the mood is upbeat.
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Friends, Families and Travellers: Helping Travellers get a fair deal
We are a charity who seek to end racism and discrimination against Gypsies, Travellers and Roma, whatever their ethnicity, culture or background, whether settled or mobile, and to protect the right to pursue a nomadic way of life.
We work on campaigning, case work, and capacity building to help Gypsy and Traveller groups help themselves and mainstream organisations to work better with Gypsies and Travellers. Read more »
Latest News
Judge rules that Mr Pickles unlawfully discriminated against Gypsies and Travellers
If you have had a recent planning decision made by the Secretary of State about land in the Green Belt … Read More>>
Crystal's Vardo
For the fourth year running Friends Families and Travellers will be touring their highly acclaimed production of 'Crystal's Vardo', written … Read More>>
December Newsletter of the Travellers Advice Team
We have received the December Newsletter of the Travellers Advice Team containing the latest legal and case information for the … Read More>>


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Winnipeg Free Press - PRINT EDITION
Variety of tempting concerts to fill in classical calendar
Looking over the concert calendar for the remainder of this season, one can't help but be impressed with the extensive variety and tempting quality of performances. It may to be a tough call for concert-goers, so here's my pick of shows that look especially promising.
The Winnipeg Symphony Orchestra's New Music Festival starts this weekend and its theme of Nordic musical culture is perfect now that winter has finally arrived. Every night has something appealing, but it's hard to beat any performance by Canadian cellist Shauna Rolston. She will debut composer-in-residence Vincent Ho's work, City Suites: Concerto for Cello and Orchestra on Monday, at 7:30 p.m. in the Centennial Concert Hall. You can catch her again Feb. 1 (same time/place) playing Icelandic composer Daniel Bjarnason's Bow to String. Sigur Rós fans will want to be there for Kjartan Sveinsson's Credo, sung and played by superb youth choir Prairie Voices and WSO Strings.
Tickets: $25/$10, festival passes ($59-$99) at 949-3999, at www.wso.ca or through Ticketmaster.
The Manitoba Chamber Orchestra (MCO) and Manitoba Opera (MO) have teamed up to present Canadian vocal and instrumental ensemble, The Theatre of Early Music. Incredible countertenor Daniel Taylor will sing and conduct Henry Purcell's Dido and Aeneas at Westminster United Church on Feb. 7 and 8 at 7:30 p.m.
It's been about four years since Taylor was last here and he never fails to amaze. His lilting, adaptable voice crafts every aria into a piece de résistance. He brings with him a notable cast, including sensitive interpreter, tenor Benjamin Butterfield, pristine-voiced soprano Noemi Kiss, and commanding baritone Alexander Dobson, to name a few.
Tickets: $26.50/$24.50/$7.50. Available at 783-7377, www.themco.ca , 944-8824, www. manitobaopera.mb.ca or at McNally Robinson Booksellers, West End Cultural Centre, Organic Planet Worker Co-op.
The Winnipeg Classical Guitar Society is hosting a concert/fundraising event at 8 p.m., Feb. 11 at the Manitoba Museum Planetarium Auditorium. It's aptly called Guitar Extravaganza Showcase Recital. The audience will be treated to a number of guitarists: Alan Nagelberg, Andrew Erickson, Bobby Knott, Darryl Stoyko, Emily Sabados, Evan Giroux, James Kollar, Jordan Laidlaw, the Manitoba Classical Guitar Duo, Ryszard Tyborowski and the University of Manitoba Classical Guitar Trio. Lots of talent for a modest ticket price.
Tickets: $20/$15/$10 at the door or call 667-5250.
If you have a free afternoon during the week, try one of the Music 'N' Mavens mini-concerts held at the Rady Jewish Community Centre. Following on the heels of the super successful International Cello Festival of Canada held here last summer is Baroque and Renaissance Music arranged for Three Cellos on Feb. 23 from 2-3 p.m. Yuri Hooker, principal cellist with the MCO and WSO and artistic director of the thriving Rosamunde Summer Music Academy will be joined by Minna Rose Chung, professor of cello at U of M and Leanne Zacharias, professor of cello at Brandon University. The program highlights the Jewish experience in Renaissance Italy and Germany.
Tickets: $10, ($6 for centre members,) available at the door or call 477-7510.
American soprano Dawn Upshaw headlines the WSO's Masterworks concerts March 23 and 24. This is a rare opportunity to hear one of the greatest voices of our time, singing selections from the gloriously mellow Chants d'Auvergne by Joseph Canteloube. She will also perform Jewish Argentine composer Osvaldo Golijov's Three Songs for Soprano and Orchestra which she recorded with the Atlanta Symphony.
Flanked by two popular orchestral works -- Debussy's enchanting Printemps and Stravinsky's exhilarating Firebird Suite -- this night looks like a winner.
Tickets: $23 - $87. Call 949-3999 or visit www.wso.ca
Queen of percussionists, Dame Evelyn Glennie has become an annual visitor to Winnipeg and we're glad she has. She'll be on marimba and vibraphone at Westminster United Church with the MCO on April 10 at 7:30 p.m. in a program of original percussion works and fascinating transcriptions only an artist of her calibre could attempt.
She will play Vivaldi's Concerto for Two Cellos in G Minor with principal cellist, Yuri Hooker, C.P.E. Bach's Flute Concerto in G Major and the world premiere of Montreal composer Michael Oesterle's Kaluza Klein for Vibraphone and Strings. Not to be missed.
Tickets: $26.50/$23.50/$7.50 at 783-7377, McNally Robinson Booksellers, West End Cultural Centre or Organic Planet Worker Co-op or online: www.themco.ca
Camerata Nova (CM) brings a Manitoba hidden treasure to Convocation Hall at the University of Winnipeg for From the Middle Ages to Manitoba on May 11 and 12. Baroque soprano Maria Luz Alvarez heads south from her home in Thompson every now and then, spellbinding audiences with her passionate singing. She joins forces with CM and WSO string players for a program featuring chamber music, arias, a capella choral pieces and more. Ross Brownlee conducts the music of Gabrieli, Byrd, Josquin des Pres, and works by local composers Andrew Balfour and Ken Nichols. It's a packed, ambitious program that's worth a listen.
Tickets: $30/$15 at 918-4547, at the door or McNally Robinson Booksellers.
Republished from the Winnipeg Free Press print edition January 26, 2012 D8
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Troubled hockey star fought his demons in the alley, but he beats them onstage
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I kind of dreaded picking up TxK -- not because I didn't want to play Llamasoft's psychedelic tube shooter, but because it's one of those addictive distractions that's exceptionally difficult to put down. Something about its pulsing electronic soundtrack and score attack setup trapped me in a near-infinite loop of "just one more try" for at least a few hours longer than I'd intended to play.
This is essentially Tempest, a classic Atari arcade game (technically the spiritual successor of Tempest 2000) and even an updated look can't obscure its retro roots. For the uninitiated, Tempest locks your little ship to the edge of a plane that extends from the foreground down into the background. Your job is to whip around the edge of the plane and shoot enemies as they travel up the various lanes towards the front of the screen. In essence, it's an intense juggling act that endlessly tests your coordination and awareness -- a simple but deeply engaging formula that's endured for over 30 years now. Tempest 2000 smartly expanded on the original idea by adding power-ups, enemy projectiles, and other clever mechanics, all of which TxK dutifully recreates.
Those planes, for example, now come in a massive variety of shapes, from the perfectly geometric to totally abstract. Later levels even begin to move, morph, and overlap themselves, all of which makes movement a bit disorienting. If you're willing to accept that as part of the challenge, however, TkX's 100 unique playing fields provide both gameplay variety and a nail-biting moment of anticipation as each new level loads (which, given the lighting-fast pace, happens pretty frequently).
Should the challenge ever prove too great, TkX arms you with a variety of tools that add further nuance to the experience. Though you begin each level with only a "Supertrapper" smart bomb that obliterates anything on screen for double the points, you can also earn an AI helper drone and the ability to "jump," which allows you to shoot down enemies who've already reached your edge of the plane. Power-ups like these are not only the surest path to a high score, they're also fundamental to your survival (unless you're some kind of Jedi Master). The fact that they're actually useful is serious motivation to dive across the screen before one disappears into the abyss, creating compelling moments of tension and reward that never failed to tap into my primal gamer adrenaline reserve.
But this is all old news. This gameplay is fun because it's always been fun. Where TxK really stands out from both its predecessor and the original is how it looks and sounds. The art style retains a little of that classic vector flavor, but they're now painted in glowing pastel hues and surrounded by glorious explosions. This glossy modern interpretation is certainly gorgeous, but it's also somewhat chaotic, especially in later levels. More than a few times I died and had absolutely no idea what hit me. As you might imagine, not being able to discern enemies and projectiles from allies and power-ups is pretty problematic in a twitchy game like Tempest.
Fortunately, TxK actually improves Tempest 2000's already-ingenious save system. While you can choose to start from scratch every time in Pure and Survival modes (the latter of which eliminates all powers-up, including extra lives), Classic mode automatically saves your best stats for every level you reach. If you make it to the 20th stage with four lives and a hefty score, you can forever choose to start at level 20 with those lives and that score. Even better, the music -- which is nearly as entrancing as the graphics -- never quits, even when you get a game over. It's almost as if TxK is subtly encouraging you to hop right back into the action, and more often than not, I was happy to oblige.
In fact, aside from the title screen, there's basically nothing to pull you out of the experience: no ammo counters, no "stage cleared" screens, just the occasional non-sequitur like "Eat your vegetables" flashing across the screen for...well, no apparent reason. The momentum this creates is an excellent match for TxK's frantic, addictive gameplay, and while it's sort of impossible to give it credit for originality, at least we can appreciate its execution.


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"I couldn't put the book down."
A wonderfully read book that made it hard to get out of the car. My 12 year old daughter loved the bits she heard.The dry humour of the story was highlighted by the droll rendition. The narrator was excellent and I often felt she was the actual writer. Bianca Amato had an easy accent to listen to.
"Language on the page bought to life with narrators"
The Help book is so much better than the movie which takes references from the book and places them out of context and perspective. That said, the movie was excellent if you seperate it as a different beast!
The beautiful voices of the narrators bought The Help audiobook alive with humour and sensitivity. I am from New Zealand and would have found it more difficult appreciate the depth of language in the book with it's content of Southern American dialogue, if reading it on the page.
I have laughed and commiserated with the maids and suitably disliked Hilly with her smug accent and attitudes.
The maids speech is eloquent and descriptive and Skeeter is believable as she begins to question her own beliefs and the behaviour of her peers and superiors towards "the help"


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Availability Your dates are available
Apartment | 2 bedrooms | sleeps 6
Key Info |
Beautiful modern apartment, stylishly furnished, located on the 1st floor of a small residential building on the beach of Le Coin in Carbet. Spacious living space and patio area overlooking the sea. Air conditioned bedrooms overlooking the Pitons du Carbet.
There is a patisserie at the entrance of the residence for your breakfasts, and a few nice local restaurants along the beach. Also very close to the Hotel Marouba and the renowned Neisson Rhum Distillerie opened to visitors.
Very long,quiet and safe beach ideal for walking and swimming and everything that the caribbean sea offers. You will observe beautiful sunsets, local fishermen pulling nets at dawn, youngsters playing soccer on the beach, dolphins in the distance, sea turtles and pelicans.
Just a wonderful place to escape and enjoy the authentic Caribbean experience and visit the intriguing and luscious Northern region of the island.
You can also enjoy the beautiful Aqwaland water park with your children at a 10 minutes drive and the historical city of Saint-Pierre destroyed by the Volcano Mount Pelée in 1902.
Size | Sleeps up to 6, 2 bedrooms |
Will consider | Corporate bookings |
Access | Car essential |
Family friendly | Great for children of all ages |
Notes | No pets allowed, No smoking at this property |
Features and Facilities
Luxuries | DVD player, Sea view |
General | Air conditioning, TV, Satellite TV |
Standard | Kettle, Toaster |
Utilities | Cooker, Microwave, Fridge, Freezer, Washing machine |
Rooms | 2 bedrooms, 1 bathrooms of which 1 Shower rooms |
Furniture | 1 Sofa beds, Single beds (2), Double beds (1), Cots (1), Dining seats for 6, Lounge seats for 2 |
Other | Linen provided, Towels provided |
Outdoors | Balcony or terrace, BBQ |
Access | Secure parking |
About this location
The Arrondissement of Saint-Pierre region
The island of Martinique although known as a bit of France in the Caribbean, offers the famous endearing warmth of the Caribbean people, a special spice in its authentic way of life.
The beauty of Martinique resides in its people and its spectacular landscape. The luscious "Island of Flowers", L' île aux Fleurs, will leave you enchanted. It is also and island rich with contrasts with its northern part displaying dense rain forest, mountain peaks and dark (volcanic) sandy beaches and its southern part being much drier and flatter with magnificent white sandy beaches. Once you leave the most Commercial area of the island, located in the Centre ( Fort-de France and Lamentin) you soon come across authentic residential areas and coastal fishing villages. Inland you will admire the vast plantations of bananas, sugar cane and pineapple. Visiting a Rhum distillery is a must so is sampling of course.
Le Carbet
Carbet is the perfect location to enjoy both beach, mountain and historical holidays since the village is set between the Pitons du Carbet and the famous Mount Pelée. Days trips will take you to see dolphins at large or to the most Northern tip of the island that a car could take you to, to enjoy secluded quasi-deserted beaches tucked under the feet of giant cliffs or to the atlantic side of the island for a tropical river swim in Grand-Rivière or a mouth licking sorbet coco in Lorrain. Walk along a sand bank that brings you to an island in the bay of the town of Sainte-Marie and many other options.
Relax by night, sipping a planteur or a mojito after having enjoyed a beautiful fried fish dinner from the local fishermen in one of the small laid back restaurants of the Carbet beach . Loose yourself in the deepest night sky and cry at the sight of the silvery trail of the moon dancing on the surface of the sea.
A true Caribbean experience.
About the owner
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Françoise D.
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Calendar last updated:16 Jan 2015
Based in Ireland
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24" Wine Cooler with 48-Bottle Capacity, 7 Black Soft Coat Wire-Form Racks, Maple Wood Rack Trim, Integrated Digital Temperature Control, LED Showcase Theater Lighting and Alarm System
Our Price
24" Built-in Undercounter Refrigerator with 4.7 cu. ft. Capacity, 8-Bottle Wine Storage, Adjustable Spill-Proof Glass Shelves, LCD Display, Star-K Certified and Requires Custom Panel/Handle: Without Ice Maker
24" Dual Zone Wine Cellar with 41 Bottles Capacity, 4 Racks, Interior Light, Electronic Controls and Stainless Steel Framed Glass Door
24" Built-in Wine Storage with 48-Bottle Capacity, Theatre Lighting, PureAdvantage Air Filtration, UV Filtered Glass Door, Alarm System and ADA Compliant
4 - 5.9 (cu. ft.)
© 2015, AJ Madison Inc. or its affiliates


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Knight in Shining Armor Writing
All we know is that this courageous knight in shining armor is protecting this beautiful princess, and it's up to your scribe to finish the story! Draw a picture of the villainous attacker and write a story about what's going on.
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WCC - West Coast Conference
Starting a thread to talk about another conference that has West in its name.
St Mary's Pepperdine U of San Diego Santa Clara USF, University of San Francisco Last years results #39 Saint Mary's 9-0 17-6 .739 #43 Pepperdine 5-2 12-13 .480 #67 San Diego 4-3 13-12 .520 Santa Clara 4-4 15-9 .625 San Francisco 6-5 13-11 .542 Portland 2-6 7-15 .318 Gonzaga 2-4 14-7 .667 LMU 0-9 4-20 .167 link |
Re: WCC - West Coast Conference
WCC - West Coast Conference Schedules 2010-2011
Re: WCC - West Coast Conference
I think Pep just changed their schedule
HOME MATCHES 1/27 CSF 2/3 UCI 2/8 UH 2/11 CAL 2/12 UT 2/25 UCLA 2/27 UCSB 3/12 USC 3/18 LBS 3/19 UA 3/23 STAN 3/27 SMC 4/12 CAL POLY REALLY impressive guests :yeah: I'll try to watch as many matches as possible although is QUITE far :lol: |
Re: WCC - West Coast Conference
of PEPP so far the most impressive is Walters. She wasn't that impressive last season, but she already beat Ramos TWICE, and beat Seguso in 3 sets at SW R.
I think Issara also beat Marks at CSN Invite :lol: (lost 1st set easily so didn't watch that match further :lol: ) |
NCAA singles bid
Without San Francisco's Jennifer-Lee Heinser the WCC NCAA automatic singles bid should be wide open this year.
St. Mary's - Alexandra Poorta or Catherine Isip. Pepperdine - Arianna Colffer or maybe Ale Granillo if she's eligible this season. LMU - April Bisharat or maybe Claudia Razzeto if she's eligible this season. San Diego - Laura Claus, Stephanie Hoffpauir or Josymar Escalona. Note: Form posted and was POSITIVE Stephanie Hoffpauir transferred to UCI. It just goes to show when it's about UCI Form doesn't know what the hell he's talking about. :happy: |
Re: WCC - West Coast Conference
Did Juliette Coupez transfer from USD? She was the #! singles and still the best player out there (sans maybe Hoffpauir?)
Re: WCC - West Coast Conference
After having match point and losing to Juricova and Andersson in doubles.
Poorta def. Juricova 0-6,6-4,7-5 Isip def. Andersson 7-6(7-5),6-3 |
Re: WCC - West Coast Conference
WTF :eek: This means...that McCall Jones who beat Poorta relatively easy is a potential champion?? :lol:
Re: WCC - West Coast Conference
Re: WCC - West Coast Conference
Hey I was half joking when I wrote it :lol:
But still, very few players beat Juricova, who normally dispatches the opponents by a very comfortable score ;) |
Re: WCC - West Coast Conference
To refresh memories, here's the last PEPP vs SMC result at WCC tourney (Last year unlike 2009 it was scheduled as same as PAC10 so couldn't attend)
#38 Saint Mary's 4, #44 Pepperdine 1 Doubles 1) #77 Anamika Bhargava/Marie Zalameda (PEP) def. Alexandra Poorta/Claire Soper (SMC), 8-2 2) Anna Chikhikvishviki/Catherine Isip (SMC) def. Arianna Colffer/Ali Walters (PEP), 8-4 3) Alita Fisher/Nienke Strijbis (SMC) def. Andrea Oates/Tara Panu (PEP), 8-5 Order of finish: 1, 3, 2 Singles 1) #124 Alexandra Poorta (SMC) def. #98 Arianna Colffer (PEP), 7-5, 6-4 2) Anamika Bhargava (PEP) vs. Catherine Isip (SMC), unfinished 3) Ali Walters (PEP) vs. Anna Chikhikvishviki (SMC), unfinished 4) Claire Soper (SMC) def. Andrea Oates (PEP), 6-4, 6-4 5) Marie Zalameda (PEP) def. Alisa Spitzer (SMC), 7-6, 6-1 6) Molly Aloia (SMC) def. Tania Rice (PEP), 7-6, 6-4 Order of finish: 4, 6, 5, 1 Records: #44 Pepperdine 12-13, #38 Saint Mary's 17-6 I wonder if Granillo is good..we'll find out today at at UCLA this weekend. |
Re: WCC - West Coast Conference
I'm just getting the hang of window movie maker (couldn't merge individual ones while using Mac :sobbing: ), so will upload some videos, starting from USC vs UW last year :lol: and on to UCLA vs SMC, USC vs LBS, and so on. Wish me luck.
Re: WCC - West Coast Conference
Let's check out who Alex Poorta has beaten this few years;
2008~9; Heinser, Hein, Petukhova, Cossou, Matzenauer, 2009~2010; Fudge, McKenna, Kapshai, Trunk, Coupez, Dallara, Matzenauer, Colffer 2010~2011; Dallara, Andersson, Bisharat, Juricova Now Juricova lost to; 2008~9; Gloria, Chan, Barte, Gloria, Barte, Gullickson 2009~10; Falconi, Sanchez, Barte, Gullickson 2010~2011; Barte, Sanchez, Poorta total 7 players so far. |
Re: WCC - West Coast Conference
from PEPP website;
2011 WCC Women's Tennis Preseason Poll 1. Saint Mary's – 47 (5) 2. Pepperdine – 45 (3) 3. San Diego – 37 4. Santa Clara – 30 5. Loyola Marymount – 24 6. San Francisco – 17 7. Portland – 15 8. Gonzaga – 9 (First place votes) 2011 Preseason All-Conference Team Alex Poorta, Saint Mary's, Senior Ali Walters, Pepperdine, Junior Anamika Bhargava, Pepperdine, Senior Arianna Colffer, Pepperdine, Sophomore Laura Claus, San Diego, Sophomore Catherine Isip, Saint Mary's, Sophomore |
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Citigroup Primed for Dividend
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NYT wins Pulitzer for Apple 'iEconomy' investigations
The winners of the 2013 Pulitzer Prizes were announced Monday, with the New York Times winning this year's prize for explanatory reporting. The award was for the paper's "iEconomy" series investigating the way business has adapted to the changing global economy, largely focusing on Apple.
The reporting lead to changes in the Chinese factories where Apple products are made. Criticism was leveled at the reports for focusing too much on Apple, without addressing the other tech companies who also use cheap Chinese labor for production.
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MON 24 Hours | TUE 24 Hours | WED 24 Hours | THURS 24 Hours | FRI 24 Hours | SAT 24 Hours | SUN 24 Hours |
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