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Recent Grants
Documentary funding to Barbara Allen
February 19, 2015Barbara Allen, Ada M. Harrison Distinguished Teaching Professor of the Social Sciences, received a $15,000 grant from the CHS Foundation for her documentary film, "Actual World, Possible Future-A Documentary about the Lives and Work of Elinor and Vincent Ostrom." The CHS grant will support Barbara's March 2015 research trip to South Korea, on which she will interview and film important figures in the Korean cooperative movement and conduct research at coops and other social enterprises, including fisheries and fish markets, eco-tourism, and water resources. This opportunity is especially important to the documentary and to the cause of the coop movement because the movement in South Korea has both wrought enormous positive social change and provided a successful contrast to the North Korean model of state control.
Serena Zabin receives two fellowships
February 18, 2015Serena Zabin, Associate Professor of History, has been awarded an American Council of Learned Societies (ACLS) Fellowship in addition to a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) fellowship to finish her book on the Boston Massacre, Occupying Boston: An Intimate History of the Boston Massacre. Professor Zabin's book uncovers the extensive personal interactions between troops and their families and townspeople, and challenges the political spin put on the "massacre" that created its iconic place on the road to the American Revolution. Notably, Professor Zabin's awards come in funding cycles when the NEH funded only 7.5% and the ACLS funded less than 7% of the fellowship proposals received.
Department of Energy funds subaward to Deborah Gross
February 17, 2015Deborah Gross, Professor of Chemistry, has received funding from the U.S. Department of Energy Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Program through a subaward from the MSP Corporation. The project, led by Dr. Amir Naqwi at MSP, brings together a team of leading aerosol experts to develop a cutting-edge technology for investigating the chemistry of airborne particles, which is critical for the understanding of climate change. The resulting instrument will also be an advanced tool for monitoring and controlling air pollution.
Career Enhancement Fellowship to Liz Raleigh
January 29, 2015Liz Raleigh, Assistant Professor of Sociology, has been selected for a 2015 Career Enhancement Fellowship for Junior Faculty, a grant funded by the Mellon Foundation and administered by the Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation. The fellowship provides Professor Raleigh with sabbatical support during 2015-2016 and a stipend for research, travel, or publication expenses. With the fellowship, Professor Raleigh will complete work on her book, Chosen Children: Race and the Adoption Marketplace, which argues that private transracial adoption serves as a lens into changing racial boundaries and conceptions of kinship in the modern United States.
Rossi receives Artist Initiative Grant
January 7, 2015Linda Rossi, Professor of Art, has received a $10,000 Minnesota State Arts Board 2015 Artist Initiative Grant to create a complex sculptural and photographic installation at the historic Valley Grove Chapel in Nerstrand which will illuminate the natural and cultural history of Rice County, MN. The installation will be open to the public in September 2015.
Artist Initiative Grant to Carpenter
November 5, 2014Scott Carpenter, Professor of French, has received a $6,000 Minnesota State Arts Board Artist Initiative Grant to complete a novel dealing with a young man's struggle to connect with his estranged brother. Set in Minnesota, the story draws on various aspects of Midwestern history. As part of the project, there will be a reading from the manuscript, and a panel discussion featuring two other Minnesota writers, about blending history and fiction.
FACE funds Carleton's international film festival
November 1, 2014Dana Strand, Andrew W. Mellon Professor of French and the Humanities, has received funding from the The Tournées Festival program of FACE (French American Cultural Exchange) to show six French films in April 2015 as a part of a larger international film festival at Carleton during winter and spring terms 2015. The screenings in Carleton's Weitz Center cinema will be open to the larger community; and will be woven into language, literature, and cinema and media studies courses.
Wagenbach receives support for teacher training
October 15, 2014Gary Wagenbach, Winifred and Atherton Bean Professor of Biology, Science, Technology, and Society, Emeritus, has been awarded a $20,000 grant from the Mary Alphonse Bradley Fund. The support will be used to transport six teachers from the Lumbini Academy in Yangon, Myanmar (Burma) to the US to receive content training and tutoring in best practices and pedagogy for K-12 science teaching.
NOAA funds subaward to Kanazawa
August 21, 2014Mark Kanazawa, Professor of Economics, has received U.S. Department of Education National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) funding through a subaward from the University of Minnesota-Duluth. Working with PI Mae Davenport, Professor Kanazawa and student researchers will compile and synthesize economic-recreational tourism data, and develop recreation site fact sheets to be available on the University of Minnesota Tourism Center's website.
NSF Awards Grant for Cyberinfrastructure Improvements
August 20, 2014Carleton has received a $349,897 grant from the National Science Foundation for a cyberinfrastructure project that will upgrade the campus network with ten-gigabit connectivity for improved bandwidth, performance, and security, especially for the transfers of large datasets often now required for cutting-edge computational science. The project will be overseen by a team that includes Janet Scannell, Chief Technology Officer; Chris Dlugosz, Network Architect; Les LaCroix, Strategic Technologist; and Deborah Gross, Professor of Chemistry.
SEMAC awards Hager Established Artist grant
August 19, 2014Paul Hager, Instructor in Cinema and Media Studies, has been awarded a $4,865 Established Artist Grant from the SEMAC (southeastern minnesota arts council) to write "Cannon Shoals: A Ten-Episode Screenplay." The capstone of the project will be a staged reading of the screenplay at the Northfield Arts Guild in October 2015.
Gretchen Hofmeister, Professor of Chemistry, along with coPIs Dave Alberg, Professor of Chemistry, and Matt Whited, Assistant Professor of Chemistry, have been awarded a National Science Foundation Major Research Instrumentation grant for the acquisition of a new 400 MHz NMR spectrometer to support research and undergraduate research training. The improved capabilities and experimental efficiencies of the new spectrometer compared with Carleton's current instrument will extend access to a broader range of students at Carleton, St. Olaf, and the local high school, providing new opportunities for undergraduate researchers to perform more sophisticated experiments.


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Print a $0.50 off 5 lbs. or Vidalia onions coupon.
Thanks, For the Mommas!
| Crystal Paine
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FOR MORE COUPONS, search our comprehensive Coupon Database for manufacturer coupons, printable coupons, eCoupons, and more!
Anna says
Thanks! These are only $2 at Food Lion, so $1.50 with coupon.

subset: commoncrawl


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Waber-by-Tripp Lite Surge Suppressors are housed in extremely heavy duty metal housings, making them ideal for standing up to the harshest working environments. Added features including lighted on/off switches, keyhole mounting slots and diagnostic LEDs allow these models to fit seamlessly into any industrial or office environment
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27-310 - Grounding Adaptor
Converts three conductor grounded plugs for use in two conductor ungrounded outlet
28-4465 - 25 Ft Yellow Jacket 14/3 Contractor Grade Cord
Woods® Yellow Jacket® Contractor Grade Extension Cord - 25 ft
22-10080 - Soldering Tweezer 6-1/2" OAL Reverse Action Grip
High quality, stainless steel, reverse action, insulated grip precision tweezers at incredible prices Perfect for technician, production, or hobbyist use Anti-magnetic
20-2983 - Black RTV Silicone Adhesive Sealant
General-purpose, RTV indoor/outdoor sealant is perfect for securing speakers to cabinets. Seals, bonds, repairs, mends and secures glass, metal, plastics, fabrics, vinyl and weather stripping. Protects and repairs electrical wiring....
21-10285 - Helping Hands Tool
This helping hand tool is useful for soldering work, computer repair or any other type of precision work. Adjustable joints allow movement in all directions and angles. Adjustable arms with alligator clips hold objects for hand free work.
MCM Cat 57, Page 837
MCM Cat 56, Page 749


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- Dora the Explorer (10)
- Team Umizoomi (22)
- Bubble Guppies (3)
- The Fresh Beat Band (2)
- Julius Jr. (5)
- Max & Ruby (2)
- Go, Diego, Go! (3)
- Ni Hao, Kai-lan (6)
- The Backyardigans (2)
- Wonder Pets! (2)
- Blue's Clues (4)
- Yo Gabba Gabba! (2)
Printable pages promote learning letters, numbers, reading, and spelling
Diego's Match the Dinosaur GameLearn the names of dinosaurs while you practice memory skills! |
Super Shapes Blueprint PuzzlesAdd super shapes to the blueprints and start building with Geo! |
Blue's Room Sudoku Puzzle PackJust-for-kids sudoku puzzle pack featuring Fredricka, Sprinkles, and Blue. Simply print the pack, cut out the game pieces, and play! |
Kai-lan Coloring Coin MatchMatch real coins to the objects in the pictures |
Kai-lan Printable Eye Chart"Eye" can see all the Ni hao, Kai-lan characters, can you? Chart their progress. |
Dora Printable Eye ChartKeep your kids' eyes on the prize. Get an eyeful of Dora characters. |
Ni Hao, Kai-lan DominoesCome join Kai-lan and play this game of strategy! |
Yo Gabba Gabba! Eye ChartCheck out your little monsters' eyesight, while having fun at the same time. |
Kai-lan's Valentine PuzzleKai-lan's picture is missing all of its hearts and she needs your child's help to fix it! |


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Wonderful light on the river.Very nice shot!Ciao Daniela
Thank You, Daniela! Last Saturday was great day for taking photos! Despite, it was very cold there (-18~), I made trip around country side and captured as much I can there. :)
Ciao, Ainars.
(I seen, You have great series of new uploads too, and will be back tomorrow, to take closer look!) :)
I have received place correction with anonymous comment: "Comment by : in comments there was written "Jaunjelgava, Bauskas rajons". but Jaunjelgava is in "Aizkraukles rajons""
:) Looks like comment is made by new member or guest, who not knows than place names are generated automatically by TeleAtlas engine (thus are not comments by photos owners). I would recommend read FAQ in Help. :) Rgrds, Ainars
I see, Your "rayon" is much, much better than ours! :DD
word 'rajon' are loanword from russian. Before 1940 instead of this term peoples used term 'parish'. In nowadays we slowly come back to parish divisions, but older peoples minds and popular area maps (TeleAtlas too) still contain divisions in 'rajons'.
I think, term 'canton' are much closer in meaning and to content to our areas divisions in Latvia country.
And maybe, to think this explanation to and end, the word "rajon/rayon" maybe came with Napoleon to Russia. Because in french rayon can have the meaning of ray, radius or area.
Thanks Evangelos Gazis and ©polytropos for Your comments! :)
I can agree with ideas than roots of term 'rayon' comes from French. In fact, (since I know russian language too and can compare) big portion from well known popular Russian terms are with other languages base origins. To keep in mind Napoleon mission and keep in mind tzar family and all preceding governors before tzar family, they used french as main or primary language. Lots of terms also are adapted from great Mongol empire period.
I believe than another good sample where words are in common are "Santa-Barbara" in spanish and "Svataja-Varvara" in russian. :) If you know how to read russian letter transcriptions then Varvara are same word as Barbara. :) Also Caravella are read as "karabelj" and means wessel or ship in russian.
Photo taken in Jaunjelgavas pilsēta, Latvia


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Pinball Dreams (DOS)
Published by Developed by Released Also For |
100 point score based on reviews from various critics. 3.5
5 point score based on user ratings. |
Pinball Dreams Credits
Credits | |
Programming | David Cooke, Kevin Howe, Steve Marsden, Andrew Taylor |
Sound | David Lowe |
Music | Olof Gustafsson, David Lowe |
Executive Producer | Steve Marsden |
Producer | Barry Simpson |
PC Sound System by | Paul A. Hodgson |
Other Games
In addition to this game, the following people are listed as working on other games. No more than 25 people are listed here, even if there are more than 25 people who have also worked on other games.
David Lowe, 32 other games
Barry Simpson, 21 other games
Steve Marsden, 21 other games
Olof Gustafsson, 18 other games
Paul A. Hodgson, 13 other games
Andrew Taylor, 13 other games
David Cooke, 11 other games
Kevin Howe, 10 other games
People who have worked on this game have also collaborated on the creation of the following games:
Pinball Dreams II, a group of 5 people
Perfect Pinball, a group of 5 people
Pinball World, a group of 3 people
Cliffhanger, a group of 3 people
Credits for this game were contributed by Tomer Gabel (4364), Hodge (68) and Accatone (5184)


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1. Stir of Echoes (1999)
directed by David Koepp
featuring Kevin Bacon, Kathryn Erbe, Illeana Douglas, Liza Weil, Kevin Dunn
2. Dark Water (2005)
directed by Walter Salles, Jr.
featuring Jennifer Connelly, John C. Reilly, Tim Roth, Dougray Scott, Pete Postlethwaite
3. The Hearse (1980)
directed by George Bowers
featuring Trish VanDevere, Joseph Cotten, David Gautreaux, Donald Hotton, Med Flory
4. The Woman in Black (2012)
directed by James Watkins
featuring Daniel Radcliffe, Ciarán Hinds, Janet McTeer, Shaun Dooley, David Burke
5. Paranormal Activity (2009)
directed by Oren Peli
featuring Katie Featherston, Micah Sloat, Mark Fredrichs, Amber Armstrong, Ashley Palmer
6. Paranormal Activity 4 (2012)
directed by Ariel Schulman, Henry Joost
featuring Kathryn Newton, Katie Featherston, Brady Allen, Stephen Dunham, Alexondra Lee
8. Paranormal Activity: The Marked Ones (2014)
directed by Christopher Landon
featuring Andrew Jacobs
9. Paranormal Activity 2 (2010)
directed by Tod Williams
featuring Katie Featherston, Micah Sloat, Brian Boland, Molly Ephraim, Sprague Grayden
10. The Marsh (2006)
directed by Jordan Barker
featuring Gabrielle Anwar, Justin Louis, Forest Whitaker, Peter MacNeill, Brooke Johnson
11. And Now the Screaming Starts! (1973)
directed by Roy Ward Baker
featuring Peter Cushing, Herbert Lom, Patrick Magee, Geoffrey Whitehead, Ian Ogilvy, Geoffrey Crutchley
12. The Woman in Black (1989)
directed by Herbert Wise
featuring Adrian Rawlins, Bernard Hepton, David Daker, Pauline Moran, David Ryall
13. The Shining (1997)
directed by Mick Garris
featuring Rebecca De Mornay, Steven Weber, Courtland Mead
14. The Diary of Ellen Rimbauer (2003)
directed by Craig R. Baxley
featuring Lisa Brenner, Steven Brand, Kate Burton, Tsidii Leloka, Brad Greenquist
15. Session 9 (2001)
directed by Brad Anderson
featuring Peter Mullan, David Caruso, Stephen Gevedon, Josh Lucas, Brendan Sexton III, Paul Guilfoyle
16. Let's Scare Jessica to Death (1971)
directed by John Hancock
featuring Zohra Lampert, Barton Heyman, Kevin O'Connor, Gretchen Corbett, Alan Manson
17. Night of the Ghouls (1959)
directed by Edward D. Wood, Jr.
featuring Criswell, Kenne Duncan, Duke Moore, Tor Johnson, Valda Hansen
18. 7 Days To Live (2000)
directed by Sebastian Neimann
featuring Amanda Plummer, Sean Pertwee, Nick Brimble, Gina Bellman, Sean Chapman
20. Fragile (2005)
directed by Jaume Balagueró
featuring Calista Flockhart, Richard Roxburgh, Elena Anaya, Yasmine Murphy, Gemma Jones
21. The Bat (1959)
directed by Crane Wilbur
featuring Vincent Price, Agnes Moorehead, Gavin Gordon, John Sutton, Lenita Lane
22. Ghosthouse (1988)
directed by Umberto Lenzi
featuring Lara Wendel, Gregg Scott, Mary Sellers, Kate Silver, Ron Houck
23. Two on a Guillotine (1965)
directed by William Conrad
featuring Connie Stevens, Dean Jones, Cesar Romero, Parley Baer, Virginia Gregg
24. Ghost Story (1981)
directed by John Irvin
featuring Fred Astaire, Melvyn Douglas, Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., John Houseman, Craig Wasson
25. Spirit Lost (1997)
directed by Neema Barnette
featuring Leon, Regina Taylor, Cynda Williams, Juanita Jennings, Tamara Tunie


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Key Juno nominations
Artist of the Year: Diana Krall; Gregory Charles; Loreena McKennitt; Nelly Furtado; Pierre Lapointe.
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THIS RESTAURANT IS CLOSED Norman's 180 Map
180 Aragon Ave. (Ponce de Leon Blvd.)
Now that you know where you want to enjoy a meal, it's time to find the restaurant. Print out this THIS RESTAURANT IS CLOSED Norman's 180 map and take the driving directions with you so you can locate the restaurant easily.
Check out the 2014 edition of GAYOT's Annual Restaurant Issue, which features the Top 40 Restaurants in the U.S., Rising Chefs and more.


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Product Description
Available while supplies last.
Roman Coach outdoor wall sconce.
- Lamp replacement through bottom opening
- Etched seeded glass curved panels
- Acorn style
- Lamp replacement through bottom opening
- Back plate covers a standard 4-in hexagonal recessed outlet box
- Mounting strap for outlet box included
- Pre-wired
Glass: | Etched Seeded | |
Light Bulb: | (1)26w Spiral GU24 CFL | |
Materials: | aluminum/glass | |
Voltage: | 120 volt | |
Installation: | Wet Locations [Explain] | |
Listing: | , Eco-Friendly, Quick Ship, CSA Listed, Energy Efficient | |
Voltage Type | Line Voltage |
Bulb sold separately
Dimensions & Weights
Width: | 7 inches |
HCTR: | 6.875 inches |
Height: | 15.31 - 15.375 inches |
Projection: | 7¼ inches |
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Group # | 1498950 |
Category | Outdoor Sconces - 115 |
Style | Traditional - 143 |
Sales Rank | 2937 |
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When most retailers or websites want your personal information, they have to ask for it. And you get a chance to say, "No." But there is at least one integral part of your everyday life where information can leak without your direct knowledge or consent.
Today, many vehicles connect with other entities through navigation devices such as GPS, music services and apps on phones. In addition, most cars and trucks come equipped with event data recorders – commonly called black boxes.
These black boxes collected crash data. However, there are few protections in place to keep your data from being collected and used by others.
The legal and privacy protections have failed to match the pace of development and implementation of new technology. As a result, more personal information than you are aware of – or comfortable with – is being shared with corporations, the government and others.
As part of a rule issued by the U.S. Department of Transportation, all new automobiles would be required to have an event data recorder (EDR). Yet, the privacy protections related to that data are ambiguous at best. Only 14 states recognize that the data collected by an EDR is the property of the owner and require a court order or consent of the owner for access.
A bill was introduced in the Congress that attempted to resolve this issue, but it was not enacted.
At the same time, though, assuming that one bill would protect the information of all motorists is delusional thinking. The Senate privacy bill would cover only information collected by an EDR, not information assembled from the myriad other computer systems found on cars and motorcycles.
Motorcycling is about freedom. I don't want to feel there is a spy glass on me when riding my favorite route in the Blue Ridge Mountains.
Take the first precautionary steps before riding season starts. Check your owner's manual and see if your motorcycle is equipped with an event data recorder or other technology that has the capacity to store information.
If your bike has an EDR, please let the government relations department at the AMA know, so we can more effectively work to protect your privacy at the federal and state level. You can contact the government relations department.
Full story
Posted by: Sean Hutson
The National Forest Management Act of 1976 requires every national forest or grassland managed by the U.S. Forest Service to develop and maintain a land management plan. To do so, each forest or grassland turns to the current planning rule for direction.
The 2012 planning rule was published in the Federal Register on April 9, 2012, which was the beginning of the nearly three-year process to develop the planning directives that became effective and available to the public on Jan. 30.
One of the realities of the 2012 rules, as in those before them, is pages of exceptions to the simple language defining lands appropriate for Wilderness designation under the 1964 Wilderness Act. To this day, the AMA supports that act's description of Wilderness: "…Where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain, undeveloped Federal land retaining its primeval character and influence," and "…generally appears to have been affected primarily by the forces of nature, with the imprint of man's work substantially unnoticeable."
In contrast, the newly effective 2012 rules go so far as "recognizing the potential need to provide for passive or active restoration of wilderness character in previously modified areas."
As frustrating as this agency's political reality may be, areas that seem inappropriately designated as Wilderness may not come out of a Forest Service inventory at all. They may be pet projects of federal elected officials with personal agendas or involved in political gamesmanship, who may have no idea of the tradition and importance of OHV recreation in the area.
Having the AMA government relations office in Washington, D.C., is critical to monitoring potential Wilderness designations. The depth of federal and forestry experience of the AMA staff provides an inside track to affecting the Wilderness designation process.
Posted by: Steve Salisbury
In an effort to prohibit the availability of E15, a gasoline formulation that contains up to 15 percent ethanol by volume, the American Motorcyclist Association supports legislation introduced by U.S. Reps. Bob Goodlatte (R-Va.) and Peter Welch (D-Vt.), the RFS Reform Act of 2015.
The bipartisan bill would:
• Amend the Renewable Fuel Standard to recognize market conditions and realities • Eliminate the conventional biofuels mandate. This effectively prohibits the use of corn-based ethanol in the RFS. • Cap the amount of ethanol that can be blended into conventional gasoline at 10 percent
In other words, E15—a fuel blend that can damage motorcycle fuel systems and engines—will not be permitted if this legislation becomes law.
Take Action to Support Bill
By taking action you will help protect from inadvertent misfueling the 22 million motorcycle and all-terrain vehicles (and the riders who depend on their safe operation) currently in use on America's roads and trails.
Preventing these inadvertent misfuelings has been one of the AMA's top priorities due to the fact that motorcycles and ATVs are not designed to run on ethanol blends higher than 10 percent, and many older machines favored by vintage enthusiasts have problems with any ethanol in the fuel. In fact, often, simply using fuel with blends of ethanol over 10 percent can void a manufacturer's warranty, potentially leaving motorcyclists with thousands of dollars in additional maintenance costs.
Join the conversation with us by tweeting using #RFSBroken or share with your friends on Facebook.
Posted by: Rick Podliska
Although they are not yet here, automated, driverless cars are coming.
However, looking at some of the new features manufacturers are researching, developing and testing for potential use in new cars, one would think that focusing on the road already is an obsolete concept.
This development poses problems for motorcyclists, as each new feature represents another potential distraction for drivers.
CityLab reports that car companies – in an effort to woo young drivers – increasingly are trying to integrate new and more technology into vehicles. For instance, Beetle is working to seamlessly integrate mobile phones into its new cars – even allowing drivers to take selfies while driving.
We all know that distracted driving is a significant factor in many motorcycle crashes. While we don't have updated data, the Hurt Report stated in 1981 that the most common cause of motorcycle crashes is another vehicle violating the motorcyclist's right-of-way.
The phrase, "I just didn't see the motorcycle," is still too common after a crash. Creating new distractions in vehicles can't be helping the problem.
Paradoxically, even some of the new features designed to make drivers more aware of the road can serve as distractions.
The Massachusetts General Court is considering a bill that would allow cars to have monitors installed that would allow a front-seat passenger to have a television and allow screens that provide "the driver with navigation and related traffic, road, and weather information; images used to enhance or supplement the driver's view forward, behind or to the sides of the motor vehicle; or images that permit the driver to monitor vehicle occupants seated rearward of the driver."
Instead of creating new distractions, government agencies, car companies and individual drivers to work to reduce driver distraction. New technologies may not be the answer.
It is incumbent upon motorcyclists to continue to advocate for sensible policies. The AMA will continue to work with state legislators, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and all other stakeholders to reduce distracted driving and increase the safety of all roadway users.
Last week, AMA staff attended the National Conference of State Legislators.
While some legislators and staff avoided our booth, many were interested in hearing more about our legislative efforts to protect and promote motorcycling – the Indian Chief that Indian Motorcycles loaned us for the event didn't hurt either.
Nick Haris and I spoke with legislators from Maine to Washington and from Texas to Montana. Many of the legislators are riders themselves and, as a result, understand the needs of the motorcycling community.
2014 has been for motorcycle-related legislation – and it isn't over yet.
So far this year, Louisiana passed legislation prohibiting motorcycle-only checkpoints. Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey and Pennsylvania introduced legislation that would limit the checkpoints in some way, though the legislation either has not yet passed or failed.
Additionally, the AMA tracked more than 250 pieces of legislation related to distracted driving. Some of these bills, such as Wisconsin's A 124, prohibit any driver from engaging in any activity that "reasonably appears to interfere with the person's ability to drive the vehicle safely."
With distracted drivers contributing to many accidents, it is encouraging to see so many legislatures taking up bills to combat the problem.
Equipment issues also proved to be popular this year. The AMA is tracking 49 bills relating to everything from air filters to handlebar height. Perhaps most importantly, Kansas passed H 2318, a bill that allows for modulating headlamps on motorcycles and certain auxiliary side lighting. Lighting issues will remain important as the riding community continues to look for ways to increase conspicuity.
Unfortunately, many states limit auxiliary lighting.
On the privacy front, many states introduced bills that would codify that data captured by an event data recorder belongs solely to the owner of the vehicle. Additionally, New Jersey introduced a bill, A 3527, which would prevent the state from sharing license-plate information with other states for purpose of issuing traffic violations based on evidence from traffic cameras. Missouri H 1368 attempted to ban the use of global positioning systems as a method of tracking the number of miles a vehicle travels.
With no long-term federal funding fix for the Highway Trust Fund, tolls became a more important issue in states this year. Currently, we are tracking 107 bills related to the collection of tolls. The AMA opposes tolls because they divert traffic off highways and onto smaller roads that were not designed to handle such large volumes. This makes the roads more dangerous, not only for motorcyclists, but for all motorists.
While always a hot-button issue, helmet laws (both for and against) accounted for only 1.9% of the bills the AMA tracked.
This is just a small sample of the over 2,200 motorcycle-related bills the AMA is tracking. If you have any questions regarding specific legislation please do not hesitate to contact the government relations department at firstname.lastname@example.com.
It seems every day I read a news article detailing how the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, state-level departments of transportation, or local law enforcement agencies are conducting enhanced enforcement operations targeting motorcyclists.
Often, the article will contain this phrase: "Extra officers will be on duty patrolling areas frequented by motorcyclists and where motorcycle crashes occur."
Whether on the racetrack, trail or highway, motorcycle safety is the top priority for the AMA.
I applaud any and all efforts to reduce motorcycle crashes in an efficient and legal manner. However, I fear the drive behind many of these efforts is misguided.
Yes, motorcycle crashes have gone up. But, it is too easy to look at the raw numbers and assume that motorcycling is getting more dangerous.
For one thing, there are many more motorcycles on the road today. Between 2000 and 2012, the number of registered motorcycles has more than doubled.
Perhaps most importantly, you can't assume that motorcyclists themselves are the cause of all of the increase in crashes.
According to the landmark 1981 Hurt report, "The most common motorcycle accident involves another vehicle causing the collision by violating the right-of-way of the motorcycle at an intersection, usually by turning left in front of the oncoming motorcycle because the car driver did not see the motorcycle."
To use more recent data, in 2007, according to the NHTSA[1], 50 percent of all fatal motorcycle crashes involved another type of motor vehicle. In 40 percent (939) of these fatal accidents, the other vehicle turned left across the motorcycle's path while the rider was going straight or passing or overtaking the vehicle.
I hope law enforcement agencies recognize this and tailor their enforcement strategies accordingly – enforcement should not target areas simply because they are "frequented" by motorcyclists.
Instead, enforcement should target areas where motorcyclists are at greatest risk and motorcycle crashes occur. But even then, not all of the focus should be on the rider. It also should focus on the myriad factors that cause crashes, including distracted drivers, speeding (by both passenger motor vehicles and motorcycles) and driving under the influence.
We riders can do our part by ensuring that we can be seen. This will reduce the chance that another motorist will invade our right of way.
Drivers paying attention to, and respecting, motorcyclists will not occur until enhanced enforcement aligns to counter the causes of crashes. That is why we must ensure enforcement and education campaigns are reaching their target audiences in an effective and legal manner.
[1] http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/Pubs/810990.pdf
On June 26, the U.S. Senate Finance Committee held a hearing to discuss U.S. Sen. Ron Wyden's (D-Ore.) plan to generate $9 billion to replenish the Highway Trust Fund.
The plan included changes to retirement plans and an increase in the annual fees levied against large trucks. As a result of these changes, the trust fund would have remained solvent until 2015.
As I have detailed in a previous blog, finding a solution is important to on- and off-highway motorcycling.
Senate Republicans opposed Wyden's proposal because – in their estimation – it did not provide a fair balance of spending cuts to tax increases.
Late last week, the committee announced several changes to the original plan that has garnered some bipartisan support.
However, amendments are still likely to be offered during the plan's markup this week.
One amendment that may potentially be offered would move spending authority for the Transportation Alternatives Program from the trust fund to the general fund. If this happens, funds for the Recreational Trails Program would have to be appropriated annually instead of having contract spending authority.
The result would be a loss for motorized and non-motorized trail users. Relying on the appropriations process would introduce more uncertainty in year-to-year funding, with multi-stage trail projects facing additional hurdles. It would also put trail funding in direct competition with all other discretionary programs.
There are only two ways to prevent the RTP's user-pay/user-benefit status from being severed – keep the TAP within the highway trust fund, or move RTP out of TAP and create a separate program housed within the highway trust fund.
The main argument for moving the TAP into the general fund is that the programs within TAP do not pay for themselves. However, this analysis does not take into account that the Recreational Trails Program – a program that IS funded through the gas tax – is included as part of the TAP account.
When gassing up off-highway-vehicles, users are contributing an estimated $234 million annually to the trust fund and are apportioned only $85 million from the RTP.
The American Motorcyclist Association urges members of Congress to consider the RTP when looking at programs to reshuffle during budget negotiations.
The next markup in the Finance Committee is scheduled for this week. In the meantime, the AMA is working to spread the word on Capitol Hill about the RTP. At first glance it may not seem like a program ideally suited to the highway trust fund. However, because of its unique user-pay/user-benefit status, it deserves to have the contract spending authority of the fund.
Technology has progressed rapidly in the past 25 years. It is now possible for governments and private entities to capture more data on what once were private activities.
While the federal government has attempted to address some of the resulting issues regarding intrusions into people's personal space, public policy has had a difficult time keeping up with technology and safeguarding privacy.
On June 10, the U.S. House of Representatives approved H. AMDT. 815 to the Transportation, Housing and Urban Development appropriations bill. This amendment would prohibit the U.S. Department of Transportation from using any federal funds to "acquire a camera for the purpose of collecting or storing vehicle license plate numbers."
According to Rep. John Fleming (R-La.) it "gives states and local governments a one-year pause on purchasing these cameras until Congress can deal with the issue more fully."
If implemented without the change, the THUD appropriations bill could have impacted motorcyclists by allowing public agencies – and the private contractors who actually collect the data – to continue to install cameras which, as Rep. Fleming said on the House floor, can "reconstruct intimate details of our lives, who we visit, where we worship, from whom we seek counseling, and how we might legally and legitimately protest the actions of our own government."
This information could be used by insurance companies to justify not paying a claim or charging higher premiums – or for denying coverage to veteran riders. Capturing license plate information and comparing time stamps could lead to speeding tickets being issued via mail.
Historical riding information describing individual riding trends – potentially irrelevant to the case – could be used to portray a motorcyclist in a negative light in civil or criminal proceedings.
Thankfully, the House version would, hopefully, give Congress time to find a solution.
Traditionally, data privacy concerns have not been an issue for motorcyclists. Going forward, the riding community will have to be aware of privacy issues and actively work to ensure our privacy rights are protected.
You may recall, earlier this year a bill was introduced in the U.S. Senate that did not grant motorcyclists the same ownership afforded to other motorists of data collected by event data recorders. Anyone could have accessed information on your bike.
While the bill was amended to include motorcyclists in a markup of the Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee, the original wording demonstrates that riders are not often considered when drafting legislation that affects motorcyclists.
This was not the case for H.R. 4745. Not only did motorcyclists win by securing passage of U.S. Rep. Tim Walberg's (R-Mich.) amendment to continue the ban on federal agencies lobbying state governments, all motorcyclists also gain additional privacy protections from Fleming's amendment.
Rest assured, the AMA will remain on the lookout for important legislation and regulations that may affect your right to ride.
Passing a new highway bill is quickly becoming one of the last issues Congress must grapple with before the midterm elections in November.
Yet, the bill is vitally important to all highway users, especially motorcyclists.
Absent congressional action, by the end of July the Highway Trust Fund will have to slow reimbursements to states for highway projects.
As a result, new surface transportation projects and maintenance may slow during the summer construction months, leaving motorists of all types with a system of poorly maintained roads.
The drain on the trust fund already affects planners at the state and local levels, as they struggle to prioritize short-term maintenance and new long-term road projects amid budget uncertainties.
Failure to pass a new long-term bill will mean more potholes and congestion.
But, just as important, without legislation to reauthorize highway programs, many of the motorcycling community's other concerns will go unaddressed.
For example, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration would continue to have authority to issue grants for controversial motorcycle-only checkpoints. As a result, these discriminatory and ineffective checkpoints could, make cross-country travel to events such as Americade a hassle for millions of riders over the summer.
Then there's the Recreational Trails Program. Without reauthorization, the RTP would lose its authority to issue grants to fund off-highway-vehicle projects and trails at the height of the riding season.
Perhaps most importantly, motorcycle safety programs under 23 U.S.C. § 402 and § 405 no longer would be authorized.
As a result, the government would no longer provide grants to states for motorcycle safety training or anti-distracted-driving campaigns. Both programs have proven extremely effective in making the roads safer for motorcyclists.
The overall economy would be hit hard as well. It is estimated that failure to top off the trust fund would result in 700,000 lost jobs.
The Senate Environment and Public Works Committee passed a portion of the bill on May 15. However, the U.S. House of Representatives must still act. The House version of the bill is expected sometime in July.
For updates on congressional actions please sign up to receive AMA alerts.
Vehicle-to-Vehicle technology, known as V2V, is coming. It uses dedicated short-range communications similar to Wi-Fi that is combined with the Global Positioning System. This system provides a 360-degree view of similarly equipped vehicles within communication range. Nine indicators are used by the system to help prevent crashes: GPS location, speed, acceleration, heading, transmission state, brake status, steering wheel angle, path history and path prediction.
But have you heard of Vehicle-to-Infrastructure, known as V2I?
According to the U.S. Department of Transportation's Research and Innovative Technology Administration, V2I "communications for safety is the wireless exchange of critical safety and operational data between vehicles and highway infrastructure, intended primarily to avoid or mitigate motor vehicle crashes but also to enable a wide range of other safety, mobility, and environmental benefits."1
Will V2V and V2I be part of the same network?
The vision of V2I Communications is that a minimum level of infrastructure will be deployed to provide the maximum level of safety and mobility benefits for highway safety and operational efficiency nationwide. Importantly, V2I communications have the potential to resolve an additional 12 percent of crash types not addressed under V2V communications. V2I Communications for Safety is a key technology in the USDOT's Connected Vehicles Program, and is complemented by the V2V communications research. While the primary goal is safety, V2I communications are also significant in improving mobility and environment by reducing delays and congestion caused by crashes, enabling wireless roadside inspections, or helping commercial vehicle drivers identify safe areas for parking.2
Will it be secure?
If you listen to the U.S. DOT, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and the Federal Communications Commission, the system will be secure.
The FCC chairman has made a commitment to ensure that the 5.9 GHz bandwidth -- which supports V2V -- remains free from interference that could result from expanded use of Wi-Fi in the band.
FCC Chairman Tom Wheeler said the agency has allocated the 5.9GHz bandwidth "for the development of connected vehicle technology" in response to the Intelligent Transportation Society of America's request for a V2V spectrum.
Wheeler offered his commitment in conjunction with the U.S. DOT's NHTSA announcement that it intends to enable V2V communication technology for light vehicles.
However, an article in Wired magazine titled, "Hackers Can Mess With Traffic Lights to Jam Roads and Reroute Cars," raises concerns about the security of the V2I network. In particular, the article points out the lack of security in sensors controlling traffic lights.3
According to Cesar Cerrudo, an Argentinian security researcher with IoActive who examined the systems, "By sniffing 802.15.4 wireless traffic on channels used by Sensys Networks devices, it was found that all communication is performed in clear text without any encryption nor security mechanism. Sensor identification information (sensorid), commands, etc. could be observed being transmitted in clear text. Because of this, wireless communications to and from devices can be monitored and initiated by attackers, allowing them to send arbitrary commands, data and manipulating the devices."4
What does this mean in simpler terms?
"While Cerrudo acknowledges that the systems may have manual overrides and secondary controls that could be used to mitigate problems, an attacker could nevertheless create traffic jams and other problems — causing lights to remain red longer than they should or allowing cars at metering lights to enter freeways and bridges faster or slower than optimal — before anyone would notice and respond to the problem"(emphasis added).5
In other words, the sensors can be accessed by a hacker to cause deadly crashes. This is especially disconcerting for motorcyclists.
How do motorcycles fit into this emerging technology?
With privacy and safety our utmost priorities, the American Motorcyclist Association still has some areas of concern with this new technology.
The U.S. DOT has stated that privacy and system security are secure. We aren't convinced.
The AMA has provided comments to the FCC to bring awareness that the V2V and V2I technologies may be compromised with unlicensed devices, such as other Wi-Fi networks or hackers. Therefore, we asked the FCC for further testing to ensure vehicles using advanced crash-avoidance and vehicle-to-vehicle- technologies are not compromised.
V2V and V2I technologies present another potential problem. With vehicular intersections already a well-documented problem for motorcyclists, can you imagine the false sense of security that drivers may have who are relying on advanced safety technologies?
They may listen and look for the bells and whistles on their cars rather than look out the windows to actually see motorcycles. Drivers may believe these technologies will protect them and other road users and may not be aware that these technologies could possibly malfunction at a critical moment.
As these new technologies emerge, we must remain vigilant to ensure that motorcyclists and motorcyclists' rights are protected. The AMA is at the forefront in this effort, and we will continue to inform our members and all motorcyclists about our concerns and possible solutions.
1. http://www.its.dot.gov/research/v2i.htm, accessed May 30, 2014 2. Ibid. 3. http://www.wired.com/2014/04/traffic-lights-hacking, accessed May 30, 2014 4. Ibid. 5. Ibid.


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Ouch - recoils under the savage assault on senses!!letting the (sorry 'bout this, Chris ) U.N. handle the situation?
Brushes self off - breaths deep ...
OK TA - I survived that LOL! Not sure how much more I can take tho !!
This is a discussion on Finally payin' off within the Law Enforcement, Military & Homeland Security Discussion forums, part of the Related Topics category; letting the (sorry 'bout this, Chris ) U.N. handle the situation? Ouch - recoils under the savage assault on senses!! Brushes self off - breaths ...
Ouch - recoils under the savage assault on senses!!letting the (sorry 'bout this, Chris ) U.N. handle the situation?
Brushes self off - breaths deep ...
OK TA - I survived that LOL! Not sure how much more I can take tho !!
Chris - P95
NRA Certified Instructor & NRA Life Member.
"To own a gun and assume that you are armed
is like owning a piano and assuming that you are a musician!."
http://www.rkba-2a.com/ - a portal for 2A links, articles and some videos.
I could also support it once we get Iraq squared away, but I think that the Iranians are probably watching very closely what we do in Iraq and Afghanistan right now. If all the hand wringers and "anti war" protestors (Bush haters) keep it up it will be more likely that countries like Iran and N. Korea will crank up the rhetoric and become to become a serious problem in the future.Originally Posted by RSSZ
Cindy Sheehan, who says she "supports the troops, but not the war", in a recent CBS interview (which CBS has not run) referred to the insurgents (terrorists) in Iraq as "freedom fighters". Her group has recently taken up protesting in front of Walter Reed Army Medical Center where many of our wounded troops are recovering. They do not want success in Iraq. They want this war to be a failure so the Democrats will have a chance at the White House next election. As I said before, I think Bush did the right thing in going into Iraq. I think that they did, in fact, have WMDs (and honestly so do many of the Democrats that are now attacking him for not finding them) and that this war will go a long way in reducing terrorism and I won't blast him for his efforts in that effort. The nickel per gallon gas story has no relevance on whether we should have gone to war with them...
Coimhéad fearg fhear na foighde; Beware the anger of a patient man.
Team American, You seem to have tied the terrible incident on 9/11 with the invasion of Iraq. I feel that ,HELL YEAH,we should have taken our "pound of flesh" after 9/11---- BUT---- not after we told them that we was coming and waiting 6-8 weeks for them to prepare for our attack. Also I think that it would have been very important to attack/invade the right countries. Afganistan--HELL YES ! But what about Saudi Arabia ??? That's where the 9/11 scumbags came from(and were probably trained there). Instead,our President invited the leaders of Saudi Arabia to Crawford Tex. Then held their hand,kissed them on the cheek,and said what fine people/leaders they were. On camera,to the American people. This gave me a sick feeling. We need to "tell it like it is".Some of our "friends and allies"(?) are helping/funding the POS that are killing Americans. And it's not just Saudi Arabia. Those countries are (IMO) the ones that we need to "take care of". In the mean time I wish that our leaders would refrain from making comments that are ment to scare and/or intimedate the BG's. (or make the American people feel good)"We will find you. We are coming to get you. We will not forget." These comments don't work on the likes of the people that are targeting American civilians. We simply just need to go to where thay are hiding,living,being trained,OR being financed and take care of the(our) problem. By any and all means available. I would hope that you gentlemen realize that I'm all for kickin' some A$$----lets just make sure that it's the RIGHT A$$.-----------
And that is the process that we have only just begun. If radical, fundamental Islam (Wahabism) is the real problem, and I believe it is, then Saudi Arabia is definitely on the "list of things to do". Maintaining the flow of oil to the world, however, prevents us from merely nuking the entire region from orbitOriginally Posted by RSSZ
Saddam has been giving aid and comfort to Al Quaida types for a long time, and please remember that the delays before going into Iraq were all due to footdragging at the U.N. And, I believe that the vote in Congress authorizing the invasion was pretty much unanimous based on the available information...the WMD stuff was there at one time...where did it go is the $100 question.
9/11 was the wake-up call that finally got the ball rolling...and it still has a long way to roll.
"I surrounded 'em"- Alvin York
"They're ain't many troubles that a man can't fix with seven hundred dollars and a thirty ought six"- Jeff Cooper
Iran will act based on its perception of our resolve and magnitude of response. Think of the Iranian Hostage Crisis. It dragged on and on, because the Iranian Revolutionary Government thought (rightly so) that the US (in the form of President Carter) would not react quickly or strongly to their actions. As soon as President Reagan comes into office, the hostages are released, because of their perception of what the US would do.
Now North Korea is something else. Perhaps a public policy that any WMD attack on US forces or allies will result in a counter attack on the GOVERNMENT of North Korea using any and all "special weapons" in our arsenal. That or a covert tac nuke on N. Korea's nuke bomb facilities using a stealth bomber, with a public statement the next day to the effect of "we told you those things are dangerous"...
I think Teddy Roosevelt had it right - "Speak softly and carry a big stick".
It's a crappy world situation & no amount of Brown Nosing on our part is ever going to fix it.
Saudi Arabia..North Korea..Iran..China..Afghanistan & Iraq ~ it's like having a bunch of holes in your house roof.
You sure don't want to hafta repair them ALL!!! ~ but, you'll need to do exactly that or your carpet will still get ruined.
I really think we might need to "Hiroshima&Nagasaki" N. Korea and that might keep the others chilled out for a while.
Liberty Over Tyranny Μολὼν λαβέ


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Bought a car from my friend just so i can get from point A to point B. Its a Nissan altima 1994 gxe, when i am driving my engine looks like its vibrating and makes a loud noise,it comes and goes,for the first time i checked the oil and it was high so i drain a bit, i think it blew the spark plugs not sure,i think its also burning oil. could it be a gasket? or my car computer?
Nissan Q&A
Ask Your Question1994 Nissan Altima Question: My Nissan engine is vibrating, when i press the gas it makes a loud noise.
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
Avocado | |
Avocado fruit and foliage, Réunion island | |
Ripe avocado fruit and cross-section | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Phylum: | Angiosperms |
Class: | Magnoliids |
Order: | Laurales |
Family: | Lauraceae |
Genus: | Persea |
Species: | P. americana |
Binomial name | |
Persea americana Mill. | |
Synonyms | |
Persea gratissima |
Avocado | |
Avocado fruit and foliage, Réunion island | |
Ripe avocado fruit and cross-section | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Phylum: | Angiosperms |
Class: | Magnoliids |
Order: | Laurales |
Family: | Lauraceae |
Genus: | Persea |
Species: | P. americana |
Binomial name | |
Persea americana Mill. | |
Synonyms | |
Persea gratissima |
The avocado (Persea americana) is a tree native to Mexico and Central America,[1] classified in the flowering plant family Lauraceae along with cinnamon, camphor and bay laurel. Avocado or alligator pear also refers to the fruit, botanically a large berry that contains a single seed.[2]
Avocados are commercially valuable and are cultivated in tropical and Mediterranean climates throughout the world. They have a green-skinned, fleshy body that may be pear-shaped, egg-shaped, or spherical. Commercially, they ripen after harvesting. Trees are partially self-pollinating and often are propagated through grafting to maintain a predictable quality and quantity of the fruit.
Persea americana, or the avocado, is believed to have originated in the state of Puebla, Mexico,[3] though fossil evidence suggests similar species were much more widespread millions of years ago, occurring as far north as California at a time when the climate of that region was more hospitable to them.[4]
The native, undomesticated variety is known as a criollo, and is small, with dark black skin, and contains a large seed.[5] It likely coevolved with extinct megafauna.[6] The oldest evidence of avocado use was found in a cave located in Coxcatlán, Puebla, Mexico, that dates to around 10,000 BC. The avocado tree also has a long history of cultivation in Central and South America; a water jar shaped like an avocado, dating to AD 900, was discovered in the pre-Incan city of Chan Chan.[7] The earliest known written account of the avocado in Europe is that of Martín Fernández de Enciso (circa 1470–1528) in 1519 in his book, Suma De Geographia Que Trata De Todas Las Partidas Y Provincias Del Mundo.[8][9] The first written record in English of the use of the word 'avocado' was by Hans Sloane in a 1696 index of Jamaican plants. The plant was introduced to Indonesia in 1750, Brazil in 1809, South Africa and Australia in the late 1800s, and the Levant in 1908.
The word "avocado" comes from the Spanish aguacate, which in turn comes from the Nahuatl word āhuacatl /aːˈwakat͡ɬ/,[10] which goes back to the proto-Aztecan *pa:wa which also meant "avocado".[11] Sometimes the Nahuatl word was used with the meaning "testicle", probably because of the likeness between the fruit and the body part.[12]
In other Central American and Caribbean Spanish-speaking countries, it is known by the Mexican name, while South American Spanish-speaking countries use a Quechua-derived word, palta. In Portuguese, it is abacate. The fruit is sometimes called an avocado pear or alligator pear (due to its shape and the rough green skin of some cultivars). The Nahuatl ahuacatl can be compounded with other words, as in ahuacamolli, meaning avocado soup or sauce, from which the Spanish word guacamole derives.[13]
The modern English name is not etymologically related to the similar-sounding Spanish word abogado, meaning 'lawyer' (as in advocate), but comes through an English rendering of the Spanish aguacate as avogato. The earliest known written use in English is attested from 1697 as "avogato pear", a term which was later corrupted as "alligator pear".[14] Because the word avogato sounded like "advocate", several languages reinterpreted it to have that meaning. French uses avocat, which also means lawyer, and "advocate"-forms of the word appear in several Germanic languages, such as the German Advogato-Birne, the old Danish advokat-pære (today it is called "avocado") and the Dutch advocaatpeer.[15]
It is known as "butter fruit" in parts of India.[16] In eastern China, it is known as è lí (鳄梨, a direct translation of "alligator pear") or huángyóu guǒ (黄油果, "butter fruit"). In Taiwan, it is known as lùo lí (酪梨, "cheese pear").
Food and agriculture | ||
Country | Quantity (t) 2011 | World rank[17] |
Mexico | 1,264,141 | 1 |
Chile | 368,568 | 2 |
Dominican Republic | 295,080 | 3 |
Indonesia | 275,953 | 4 |
United States of America | 238,544 | 5 |
Colombia | 215,095 | 6 |
Peru | 212,857 | 7 |
Kenya | 201,478 | 8 |
Brazil | 160,376 | 9 |
Rwanda | 143,281 | 10 |
China | 108,500 | 11 |
[17] |
The tree grows to 20 m (66 ft), with alternately arranged leaves 12–25 cm (4.7–9.8 in) long. The flowers are inconspicuous, greenish-yellow, 5–10 mm (0.2–0.4 in) wide. The pear-shaped fruit is 7–20 cm (2.8–7.9 in) long, weighs between 100 and 1,000 g (3.5 and 35.3 oz), and has a large central seed, 5–6.4 cm (2.0–2.5 in) long.[18]
The subtropical species needs a climate without frost and with little wind. High winds reduce the humidity, dehydrate the flowers, and affect pollination. When even a mild frost occurs, premature fruit drop may occur, although the 'Hass' cultivar can tolerate temperatures down to −1 °C. The trees also need well-aerated soils, ideally more than 1 m deep. Yield is reduced when the irrigation water is highly saline. These soil and climate conditions are available in southern Spain, Portugal, Morocco, Crete, the Levant, South Africa, Colombia, Peru, parts of central and northern Chile, Vietnam, Indonesia, parts of southern India, Sri Lanka, Australia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Malaysia, Central America, the Caribbean, Mexico, California, Arizona, Puerto Rico, Texas, Florida, Hawaii, Ecuador, and Rwanda. Each region has different cultivars.
Commercial orchards produce an average of seven tonnes per hectare each year, with some orchards achieving 20 tonnes per hectare.[19] Biennial bearing can be a problem, with heavy crops in one year being followed by poor yields the next. The avocado tree does not tolerate freezing temperatures, and can be grown only in subtropical or tropical climates. Several cold-hardy varieties are planted in the region of Gainesville, Florida, which survive temperatures as low as −6.5 °C (20 °F) with only minor leaf damage.
Like the banana, the avocado is a climacteric fruit, which matures on the tree, but ripens off the tree. Avocados used in commerce are picked hard and green and kept in coolers at 3.3 to 5.6 °C (37.9 to 42.1 °F) until they reach their final destination. Avocados must be mature to ripen properly. Avocados that fall off the tree ripen on the ground. Generally, the fruit is picked once it reaches maturity; Mexican growers pick 'Hass' avocados when they have more than 23% dry matter, and other producing countries have similar standards. Once picked, avocados ripen in one to two weeks (depending on the cultivar) at room temperature (faster if stored with other fruits such as apples or bananas, because of the influence of ethylene gas). Some supermarkets sell ripened avocados which have been treated with synthetic ethylene to hasten ripening.[20] The use of an ethylene gas "ripening room", which is now an industry standard, was pioneered in the 1980s by farmer Gil Henry of Escondido, California, in response to footage from a hidden supermarket camera which showed shoppers repeatedly squeezing hard, unripe avocados, putting them "back in the bin," and moving on without making a purchase.[21] In some cases, avocados can be left on the tree for several months, which is an advantage to commercial growers who seek the greatest return for their crop; but if the fruit remains unpicked for too long, it falls to the ground.
The species is only partially able to self-pollinate because of dichogamy in its flowering. This limitation, added to the long juvenile period, makes the species difficult to breed. Most cultivars are propagated by grafting, having originated from random seedling plants or minor mutations derived from cultivars. Modern breeding programs tend to use isolation plots where the chances of cross-pollination are reduced. That is the case for programs at the University of California, Riverside, as well as the Volcani Centre and the Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias in Chile.
The avocado is unusual in that the timing of the male and female flower phases differs among cultivars. The two flowering types are A and B. A cultivar flowers open as female on the morning of the first day and close in late morning or early afternoon. Then they open as male in the afternoon of the second day. B varieties open as female on the afternoon of the first day, close in late afternoon and reopen as male the following morning.
Certain cultivars, such as the 'Hass', have a tendency to bear well only in alternate years. After a season with a low yield, due to factors such as cold (which the avocado does not tolerate well), the trees tend to produce abundantly the next season. In addition, due to environmental circumstances during some years, seedless avocados may appear on the trees.[24] Known in the avocado industry as "cukes", they are usually discarded commercially due to their small size.[25]
Avocados can be propagated by seed, taking roughly four to six years to bear fruit, although in some cases seedlings can take 10 years to come into bearing.[26] The offspring is unlikely to be identical to the parent cultivar in fruit quality. Prime quality varieties are therefore propagated by grafting to rootstocks that are propagated by seed (seedling rootstocks) or by layering (clonal rootstocks). After about a year of growing in a greenhouse, the young rootstocks are ready to be grafted. Terminal and lateral grafting is normally used. The scion cultivar grows for another 6–12 months before the tree is ready to be sold. Clonal rootstocks are selected for tolerance of specific soil and disease conditions, such as poor soil aeration or resistance to the soil-borne disease (root rot) caused by Phytophthora.
Usually, avocados are grown from pits indoors. This is often done by removing the pit from a ripe, unrefrigerated avocado. The pit is then stabbed with three or four toothpicks, about one-third of the way up. The pit is placed in a jar or vase containing tepid water. It should split in four to six weeks and yield roots and a sprout. If there is no change by this time, the avocado pit is discarded. Once the stem has grown a few inches, it is placed in a pot with soil. It should be watered every few days. Avocados have been known to grow large, so owners must be ready to repot the plant several times.
Avocado trees are vulnerable to bacterial, viral, fungal, and nutritional diseases (excesses and deficiencies of key minerals). Disease can affect all parts of the plant, causing spotting, rotting, cankers, pitting, and discoloration.[27]
The avocado was introduced from Mexico to California in the 19th century, and has become a successful cash crop. About 59,000 acres (240 km2) – some 95% of United States avocado production – is located in Southern California, with 60% in San Diego County.[28][29] Fallbrook, California, claims the title of "Avocado Capital of the World" (also claimed by the town of Uruapan in Mexico[30]), and both Fallbrook and Carpinteria, California, host annual avocado festivals.
Mexico produces most of the world's avocado,[31] and avocado is one of the primary cultivars for export, the eighth cultivar by production volume. In 2013 the total area dedicated to avocado production was 168,155 hectares (415,520 acres), and the harvest was of 1,109,814 tonnes.[32] The states that produce the most are México, Morelos, Nayarit, Puebla, and Michoacan which accounts for 86% of the total.[33] In Michoacán the cultivation is complicated by the existence of drug cartels that extort protection fees from cultivators. They are reported to exact 2000 Mexican pesos per hectare from avocado farmers and an additional 1 to 3 pesos/kg of harvested fruit.[34]
Other avocado cultivars include 'Spinks'. Historically attested varieties (which may or may not survive among horticulturists) include the 'Challenge', 'Dickinson', 'Kist', 'Queen', 'Rey', 'Royal', 'Sharpless', and 'Taft'.[37]
After the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) went into effect in 1994, Mexico tried exporting avocados to the US. The US government resisted, claiming the trade would introduce Tephritidae fruit flies that would destroy California's crops. The Mexican government responded by inviting USDA inspectors to Mexico, but the US government declined, claiming fruit fly inspection was not feasible. The Mexican government then proposed to sell avocados only to the northeastern US in the winter (fruit flies cannot withstand extreme cold). The US government balked, but gave in when the Mexican government started erecting barriers to US corn.
Today, avocados from Mexico are allowed throughout the US, because USDA inspectors in Michoacán (where 90% of 'Hass' avocados from Mexico are grown) inspected fruit in Uruapan. Imports from Mexico in the 2005–2006 season exceeded 130,000 metric tons (143,300 short tons; 127,900 long tons).[38][39]
In 2009, Peru joined Chile and Mexico as an exporter of avocados to the US.[40]
In the US, avocados are grown in California and Florida, where land, labor, and water are expensive. Avocado trees require frequent, deep watering to bear optimally, particularly in spring, summer, and fall. Due to increased Southern California water costs, they are now costly to grow. California produces 90% of the United States' avocados.[28]
As of 2013, Mexico leads international exports, with other significant production in California, New Zealand, Peru, and South Africa.
The fruit of horticultural cultivars has a markedly higher fat content than most other fruit, mostly monounsaturated fat, and as such serves as an important staple in the diet of various groups where access to other fatty foods (high-fat meats and fish, dairy products, etc.) is limited.
A ripe avocado yields to gentle pressure when held in the palm of the hand and squeezed. The flesh is prone to enzymatic browning; it turns brown quickly after exposure to air.[41] To prevent this, lime or lemon juice can be added to avocados after they are peeled.
The fruit is not sweet, but rich, and distinctly yet subtly flavored, and of smooth, almost creamy texture. It is used in both savory and sweet dishes, though in many countries not for both. The avocado is very popular in vegetarian cuisine, as substitute for meats in sandwiches and salads because of its high fat content.
Generally, avocado is served raw, though some cultivars, including the common 'Hass', can be cooked for a short time without becoming bitter. Caution should be used when cooking with untested cultivars; the flesh of some avocados may be rendered inedible by heat. Prolonged cooking induces this chemical reaction in all cultivars.[42]
It is used as the base for the Mexican dip known as guacamole, as well as a spread on corn tortillas or toast, served with spices.
In the Philippines, Brazil, Indonesia, Vietnam, and southern India (especially the coastal Kerala and Karnataka region), avocados are frequently used for milkshakes and occasionally added to ice cream and other desserts. In Brazil, Vietnam, the Philippines[43] and Indonesia, a dessert drink is made with sugar, milk, or water, and pureed avocado. Chocolate syrup is sometimes added. In Morocco, a similar chilled avocado and milk drink is sweetened with confectioner's sugar and hinted with orange flower water.
In Ethiopia, avocados are made into juice by mixing them with sugar and milk or water, usually served with Vimto and a slice of lemon. It is also very common to serve layered multiple fruit juices in a glass (locally called Spris) made of avocados, mangoes, bananas, guavas, and papayas. Avocados are also used to make salads.
Avocados in savory dishes, often seen as exotic, are a relative novelty in Portuguese-speaking countries, such as Brazil, where the traditional preparation is mashed with sugar and lime, and eaten as a dessert or snack. This contrasts with Spanish-speaking countries such as Chile, Mexico, or Argentina, where the opposite is true and sweet preparations are often unheard of.
In Australia and New Zealand, it is commonly served in sandwiches, sushi, on toast, or with chicken. In Ghana, it is often eaten alone in sliced bread as a sandwich. In Sri Lanka, well-ripened flesh, thoroughly mashed with sugar and milk, or treacle (a syrup made from the nectar of a particular palm flower) was once a popular dessert. In Haiti, it is often consumed with cassava or regular bread for breakfast.
In Mexico and Central America, avocados are served mixed with white rice, in soups, salads, or on the side of chicken and meat. In Peru, they are consumed with tequeños as mayonnaise, served as a side dish with parrillas, used in salads and sandwiches, or as a whole dish when filled with tuna, shrimp, or chicken. In Chile, it is used as a puree-like sauce with chicken, hamburgers, and hot dogs; and in slices for celery or lettuce salads. The Chilean version of Caesar salad contains large slices of mature avocado. In Kenya and Nigeria, the avocado is often eaten as a fruit, and is eaten alone, or mixed with other fruits in a fruit salad, or as part of a vegetable salad. In Iran, it is used as a rejuvenating facial cream.
Avocado slices are frequently added to hamburgers, tortas, hot dogs, and carne asada. Avocado can be combined with eggs (in scrambled eggs, tortillas, or omelettes), and is a key ingredient in California rolls and other makizushi ("maki", or rolled sushi).
In southern Africa, Avocado Ritz is a common dish.[44]
In the United Kingdom, the avocado became widely available in the 1960s when it was introduced by Sainsbury's under the name 'avocado pear'.[45]
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) | |
Energy | 670 kJ (160 kcal) |
8.53 g | |
Sugars | 0.66 g |
Dietary fiber | 6.7 g |
14.66 g | |
Saturated | 2.13 g |
Monounsaturated | 9.80 g |
Polyunsaturated | 1.82 g |
2 g | |
Vitamins | |
Vitamin A equiv. | (1%) 7 μg (1%) 62 μg271 μg |
Thiamine (B1) | (6%) 0.067 mg |
Riboflavin (B2) | (11%) 0.13 mg |
Niacin (B3) | (12%) 1.738 mg |
(28%) 1.389 mg | |
Vitamin B6 | (20%) 0.257 mg |
Folate (B9) | (20%) 81 μg |
Vitamin C | (12%) 10 mg |
Vitamin E | (14%) 2.07 mg |
Vitamin K | (20%) 21 μg |
Trace metals | |
Calcium | (1%) 12 mg |
Iron | (4%) 0.55 mg |
Magnesium | (8%) 29 mg |
Manganese | (7%) 0.142 mg |
Phosphorus | (7%) 52 mg |
Potassium | (10%) 485 mg |
Sodium | (0%) 7 mg |
Zinc | (7%) 0.64 mg |
Other constituents | |
Water | 73.23 g |
Fluoride | 7 µg |
| |
Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults. Source: USDA Nutrient Database |
Avocados have diverse fats.[46] For a typical avocado:
High avocado intake was shown in one preliminary study to lower blood cholesterol levels. Specifically, after a seven-day diet rich in avocados, mild hypercholesterolemia patients showed a 17% decrease in total serum cholesterol levels. These subjects also showed a 22% decrease in both LDL (harmful cholesterol) and triglyceride levels and 11% increase in HDL (helpful cholesterol) levels.[49] A 2013 epidemiological NHANES study funded by the Hass Avocado Board[50] showed that American avocado consumers had better overall diet quality, nutrient levels, and reduced risk of metabolic syndrome; why they also had better diet quality and how the confluence of these factors contributed to health benefits was not spelled out.[51]
While not particularly popular, the avocado tree can be grown domestically and used as a (decorative) houseplant. The pit germinates in normal soil conditions or partially submerged in a small glass (or container) of water. In the latter method, the pit sprouts in four to six weeks, at which time it is planted in standard houseplant potting soil. The plant normally grows large enough to be prunable; however, it does not bear fruit unless it has ample sunlight. Home gardeners can graft a branch from a fruit-bearing plant to speed maturity, which typically takes four to six years to bear fruit. To obtain fresh avocado produce, however, more than one tree must be cultivated for cross-pollination.[52] In popular culture, the "Arthur" avocado potted houseplant or potted tree appeared in Mad Magazine circa mid- to late 1960s.[53][54]
Some people have allergic reactions to avocado. There are two main forms of allergy: those with a tree-pollen allergy develop local symptoms in the mouth and throat shortly after eating avocado; the second, known as latex-fruit syndrome,[55] is related to latex allergy[56] and symptoms include generalised urticaria, abdominal pain, and vomiting and can sometimes be life-threatening.[57]
Avocado leaves, bark, skin, or pit are documented to be harmful to animals; cats, dogs, cattle, goats, rabbits,[58] rats, guinea pigs, birds, fish, and horses[29][59] can be severely harmed or even killed when they consume them. The avocado fruit is poisonous to some birds, and the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) lists it as toxic to many animals including cats, dogs, and horses.[60]
Avocado leaves contain a toxic fatty acid derivative, persin, which in sufficient quantity can cause colic in horses and, without veterinary treatment, death.[61] The symptoms include gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting, diarrhea, respiratory distress, congestion, fluid accumulation around the tissues of the heart, and even death. Birds also seem to be particularly sensitive to this toxic compound. A line of premium dog and cat food, AvoDerm, uses oils and meal made from avocado meat as main ingredients.[62] The manufacturer says the avocado's leaves and pit are the source of toxicity, and only in the Guatemalan variety of avocados, and the fruit is often eaten by orchard dogs as well as wildlife such as bears and coyotes.[63]
In 1982, the evolutionary biologist Daniel H. Janzen suggested that the avocado may be an example of an 'evolutionary anachronism', a fruit adapted for ecological relationship with now-extinct large mammals (such as giant ground sloths or gomphotheres). Most large fleshy fruits serve the function of seed dispersal, accomplished by their consumption by large animals. There are some reasons to think that the fruit, with its mildly toxic pit, may have coevolved with Pleistocene megafauna to be swallowed whole and excreted in their dung, ready to sprout. No extant native animal is large enough to effectively disperse avocado seeds in this fashion.[64][65]
(help)Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on |
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Avocado Pear. |


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Podcast Interview: A. Michael Berman on Innovation and the Economic Realities of Higher Education
Podcast Interview: A. Michael Berman on Innovation and the Economic Realities of Higher Education
A. Michael Berman is Chief Information Officer for California State University, Channel Islands. In this interview with Colin Currie, Berman talks about creating and maintaining innovation as well as the economic realities of higher education.
Michael Berman is the Chief Information Officer at California State University, Channel Islands in Camarillo, California. From 2005 through 2008, Michael was Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer at Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, California. Prior to joining Art Center he was the senior technology administrator at two other universities. Michael is also an active participant in NMC and was a member of the advisory committee for the 2009-2011 Horizon Reports. Michael holds a Ph.D. in Computer Science from Rutgers University, and he has been a faculty member, a software developer, a systems administrator and a textbook author.


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Sky Splitter
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The Sky Splitter is a Legendary axe in Diablo III. It requires character level 60 to drop.
The Smite effect of the unique affix (which is subject to Proc Coefficient) is not the Crusader skill of the same name: it calls a single lightning bolt on the target, dealing roughly 200% damage as Lightning and Stuning the target for 0.5 seconds. It is also the only weapon with a bonus to Life Regeneration.
As of Patch 2.1, this item no longer appears in the Game Guide, but still drops in game.
Stats (Level 60)Edit
Sky Splitter
Legendary Axe
Legendary Axe
- 1240.9–1529.9 Damage Per Second
- (789–957)–(1046–1285) Damage
- 1.35–1.37 Attacks per Second
- +(610–745)–(731–926) Holy Damage
- +4–7% Damage
- Increases Attack Speed by 4–5%
- Regenerates 1128–2842 Life per Second
- 10–20% chance to Smite enemies when you hit them
- One of 3 Magic Properties (varies):
- +330–524 Dexterity
- +330–524 Strength
- +330–524 Intelligence
- +2 Random Magic Properties
Some say this is the very axe wielded by an ancient god to split the sky from the land.
Legendary Axes |
Genzaniku • Flesh Tearer • Hack • The Wedge • The Butcher's Sickle • The Burning Axe of Sankis • Sky Splitter • Utar's Roar |


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Hebanthe eriantha
Suma | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
(unranked): | Angiosperms |
(unranked): | Eudicots |
(unranked): | Core eudicots |
Order: | Caryophyllales |
Family: | Amaranthaceae |
Genus: | Hebanthe |
Species: | H. eriantha |
Binomial name | |
Hebanthe eriantha (Poir.) Pedersen |
Synonyms | |
Hebanthe eriantha (suma or Brazilian ginseng) is a species of plant in the Amaranthaceae family.
The root of this rambling ground vine found in South America is used traditionally as a medicine and tonic. Nicknamed "para tudo" which means "for all," suma is a traditional herbal medicine.[citation needed]
Nutritionally, suma root contains 19 different amino acids, a large number of electrolytes, trace minerals, iron, magnesium, zinc, vitamins A, B1, B2, E, K, and pantothenic acid. Its high germanium content probably accounts for its properties as an oxygenator at the cellular level; its high iron content may account for its traditional use for anemia. The root also contains novel phytochemicals including saponins (pfaffosides),[1] pfaffic acid, beta-ecdysterone, glycosides, and nortriterpenes.[2]
- Vieira, Roberto F. (1999) Conservation of medicinal and aromatic plants in Brazil. p. 152–159. In: J. Janick (ed.), Perspectives on new crops and new uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA.
- ^ "Triterpenoids from Brazilian Ginseng, Pfaffia paniculata" Jing Li, Atul N. Jadhav, Ikhlas A. Khan Tropical Plant Database
- ^ "The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs" by Leslie Taylor, 2005 quoted by Tropical Plants Database: [1]


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There is nothing about Psycho-Pass I can dislike. The series is a wonderful mash-up of my favorite science fiction properties, such as Ghost in the Shell, Blade Runner, and Judge Dredd. Psycho-Pass proudly wears its influences on its sleeve—for instance,…
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Tenchi Universe is a self contained entry in the large Tenchi Muyo media empire that spans several OVA specials, movies, and a number of episodic retellings. Universe presents the life of a young man who lives alone with his architect…
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Peer-Reviewed Publications
Abdominal injuries in belt-positioning booster seats." Ann Adv Automot Med. 2009;53:209-19.
"Emergency department evaluation and management of blunt abdominal trauma in children." Curr. Opin. Pediatr.. 2007;19(3):265-9.
"Estimates of the incidence and costs associated with handlebar-related injuries in children." Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002;156(9):922-8.
"Factors influencing pediatric injury in side impact collisions." J Trauma. 2001;51(3):469-77.
"Hidden spears: handlebars as injury hazards to children." Pediatrics. 1998;102(3 Pt 1):596-601.
"Incidence and clinical significance of abdominal wall bruising in restrained children involved in motor vehicle crashes." J. Pediatr. Surg.. 2004;39(6):972-5.
"A latent class analysis of injury patterns among rear-seated, seat-belted children." J Trauma. 2006;61(5):1244-8.
"Optimal restraint reduces the risk of abdominal injury in children involved in motor vehicle crashes." Ann. Surg.. 2004;239(1):127-31.
"Pediatric abdominal injury patterns generated by lap belt loading." J Trauma. 2009;67(6):1278-83; discussion 1283.
"Protecting the child's abdomen: a retractable bicycle handlebar." Accid Anal Prev. 2001;33(6):753-7.
"Seat belt syndrome in children: a case report and review of the literature." Pediatr Emerg Care. 2001;17(6):474-7.
"Suboptimal restraint affects the pattern of abdominal injuries in children involved in motor vehicle crashes." J. Pediatr. Surg.. 2003;38(6):919-23.
"Trends in operative management of pediatric splenic injury in a regional trauma system." Pediatrics. 2005;115(1):89-94.


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Hey guys, Ive got a d2 CLNR that I got after I went through 7 d1's. Recently the touchscreen will randomly go unresponsive and start doing whatever it wants. It opens and closes windows and does basically whatever it wants to do. It also happens if I slide the keyboard. Ive found that if I squeeze on the right side in different spots, it goes nuts. Im tired of dealing with tech support and doing battery pulls and factory resets. Its also getting annoying when I go into a store and cant replicate the problem in front of a tech as it does it at random times. Any ideas? Thanks Nick
Sounds like my daughters phone. Just took it to the store for them to do a factory reset (which I had already done) and then called for a new one when that didn't fix it. She had the problems you are describing and the picture on screen would just "shudder" sometimes for no apparent reason.


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Archive Page - 08/16/13 41 years, 2,178 covers and 55,102 stories from PEOPLE magazine's history for you to enjoy
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People Top 5
LAST UPDATE: Tuesday February 10, 2015 01:10PM EST
PEOPLE Top 5 are the most-viewed stories on the site over the past three days, updated every 60 minutes
- October 05, 1981
- Vol. 16
- No. 14
His Prices Are Sky High, but Decorator Carleton Varney Lights Up His Clients' Lives
Those charges vary, depending on the job, from $110 to $250 an hour, and an entire redo with furnishings for a two-bedroom apartment can typically set a client back some $150,000. Varney recalls the time Crawford phoned, sobbing, to tell him she was broke and couldn't pay him on time. She did pay eventually, and over their 12-year friendship Varney did two of her three New York apartments. He remembers Crawford as "obsessively tidy. Everywhere I looked the furniture was covered in clear plastic. There were more objects wrapped in plastic in Joan's apartment than in an A&P meat counter."
Aside from Varney's celebrity lineup, he has also designed the interiors for such hotels as West Virginia's Greenbrier, the Grand Hotel on Michigan's Mackinac Island and Hawaii's Sheraton-Waikiki. Varney's hotel trade grew out of his early collaboration with decorating grande dame Dorothy Draper, who "draperized" hotels all over America for 30 years.
Born 44 years ago in the Massachusetts town of Nahant, Varney loved to paint and draw as a child. But he was also fascinated with languages; in 1958 he graduated from Ohio's Oberlin College with a degree in Spanish and went on to earn a master's in education from New York University. After a short stint teaching grade school French and Spanish, Varney went to work for Draper in 1960 at $163 a week as a "boy Friday." Four years later an inheritance helped him buy controlling stock in the firm. By the time he was 30, Varney was president. His company is still called Dorothy Draper & Co., Inc. (During what Varney calls "an unhappy but not bitter time," Draper started a competing firm, Dorothy Draper Enterprises, that folded with her death in 1969.)
Varney's homey style, like his mentor's, is distinguished by great splashes of color and floral prints. He bemoans what he calls "vanilla decorating," and shuns beiges, grays and soft browns in favor of sky blue, bright yellow and pumpkin. "I use 50 different prints in the same room," he says, "and I can make it work. I build it up like a flower garden."
Varney has also built up a line of "Carleton V" fabrics, wallpaper and furniture that is marketed in stores across the country under the supervision of his wife, Suzanne, 39. The Varneys share a comfortable, but understated, eight-room Manhattan apartment with sons Nicholas, 10, and Sebastian, 5. Another son, 7-year-old Shamus, has Down's syndrome and lives in a special community residence upstate. The clan's current domestic chore is renovating their farmhouse 75 miles north of Manhattan.
Known for a time as a Democrats' decorator, he did the Carter White House and recently finished redecorating Walter Mondale's Washington home. Nonetheless, Varney also spruced up the New Jersey country club co-owned by Republican Labor Secretary Ray Donovan in time for a lavish Reagan fund raiser in 1979. Two projects in the works: redoing Laurance Rockefeller's posh Caneel Bay Plantation and Little Dix Bay resorts in the Virgin Islands. "I've made up more rules to tell people about how to decorate, but I break every one," Varney admits. His own favorite color? "Emerald green," he grins. "It's the color of money."
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Resolution: standard / high Figure 1. Partial View of the UML Metamodel. A named rectangle represents a metaclass of the UML metamodel. Abstract metaclasses
have their names in italics. A gray rectangle represents an interest element for the
definition of our profile. A solid line connecting two metaclasses or connecting a
metaclass to itself represents an association. A filled diamond at one end of an association
(aggregation end) represents a composite aggregation association. A stick arrowhead
at the end of an association represents a navigable end. Finally, a line with an hollow
triangle as an arrowhead connecting two metaclasses represents a generalization.
Guardia et al. BMC Genomics 2012 13(Suppl 5):S3 doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-S5-S3 |


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