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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Conversion system overview assessment. Volume II. Solar-wind hybrid systems
SciTech Connect
Solar-wind hybrid systems are discussed. It is shown that there are large areas in the United States where solar and wind resources are comparable in magnitude and there are diurnal and seasonal complementarities which offer the potential for cost-effective hybrid systems. There are also distinct engineering features of the two conversion technologies. Electric power generation from wind is straightforward and cost-effective, whereas solar thermal conversion to generate heat is more cost-effective than to generate electricity. Examples of hybrid systems utilizing these features in total energy applications are presented.
Jayadev, T. S.; Henderson, J.; Bingham, C.
Hybrid Cooling Systems
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Water consumption by power plants has become an increasingly contentious siting issue. In nearly all fossil-fired and nuclear plants, water for plant cooling is by far the greatest water requirement. Therefore, the use of water-conserving cooling systems such as dry or hybrid cooling is receiving increasing attention. This technology overview from the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) provides a brief introduction to hybrid cooling systems. As defined in the report, the term "hybrid cooling" refer...
Hybrid Systems Diagnosis
This paper reports on an on-going project to investigate techniques to diagnose complex dynamical systems that are modeled as hybrid systems. In particular, we examine continuous systems with embedded supervisory controllers that experience abrupt, partial ...
Sheila A. McIlraith; Gautam Biswas; Dan Clancy; Vineet Gupta
Hybrid Systems Architectures
E-Print Network (OSTI)
ion suppression of lower-level information not relevant for the current task Encapsulation (information hiding) implementation details are hidden, only interface information is visible F. Kurfeß Hybrid System Architectures ASHS '96 37 Inheritance common characteristics are derived from ancestors Polymorphism appropriate instances of classes and operators can be selected at runtime Advantages ffl very flexible ffl suitable for large systems ffl support reuse Problems ffl handling of new and atypical situations ffl quite complex ffl formal verification F. Kurfeß Hybrid System Architectures ASHS '96 38 Expert System What is an Expert System? Basic concepts ffl designer / user supplies facts and information ffl user asks queries and receives expert advice ffl limited to a problem domain (knowledge domain) Components ffl user interface ffl knowledge base ffl inference mechanism Synonyms: knowledge-based system, knowledge-based expert system F. Kurfeß Hybrid System Archi...
Franz J. Kurfeß
Hybrid Geothermal Heat Pump Systems
Hybrid geothermal heat pump systems offer many of the benefits of full geothermal systems but at lower installed costs. A hybrid geothermal system combines elements of a conventional water loop heat pump system in order to reduce the geothermal loop heat exchanger costs, which are probably the largest cost element of a geothermal system. These hybrid systems have been used successfully where sufficient ground space to install large heat exchangers for full geothermal options was unavailable, or where the...
Global optimization of hybrid systems
Systems that exhibit both discrete state and continuous state dynamics are called hybrid systems. In most nontrivial cases, these two aspects of system behavior interact to such a significant extent that they cannot be ...
Lee, Cha Kun
Vehicle Technologies Office: Hybrid and Vehicle Systems
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Hybrid and Vehicle Hybrid and Vehicle Systems to someone by E-mail Share Vehicle Technologies Office: Hybrid and Vehicle Systems on Facebook Tweet about Vehicle Technologies Office: Hybrid and Vehicle Systems on Twitter Bookmark Vehicle Technologies Office: Hybrid and Vehicle Systems on Google Bookmark Vehicle Technologies Office: Hybrid and Vehicle Systems on Delicious Rank Vehicle Technologies Office: Hybrid and Vehicle Systems on Digg Find More places to share Vehicle Technologies Office: Hybrid and Vehicle Systems on AddThis.com... Just the Basics Hybrid & Vehicle Systems Modeling & Simulation Integration & Validation Benchmarking Parasitic Loss Reduction Propulsion Systems Advanced Vehicle Evaluations Energy Storage Advanced Power Electronics & Electrical Machines
Hybrid and Vehicle Systems Hybrid and vehicle systems research provides an overarching vehicle systems perspective to the technology research and development (R&D) activities of...
Hybrid solar lighting distribution systems and components
A hybrid solar lighting distribution system and components having at least one hybrid solar concentrator, at least one fiber receiver, at least one hybrid luminaire, and a light distribution system operably connected to each hybrid solar concentrator and each hybrid luminaire. A controller operates all components.
Muhs, Jeffrey D. (Lenoir City, TN); Earl, Dennis D. (Knoxville, TN); Beshears, David L. (Knoxville, TN); Maxey, Lonnie C. (Powell, TN); Jordan, John K. (Oak Ridge, TN); Lind, Randall F. (Lenoir City, TN)
Hybrid solar lighting systems and components
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A hybrid solar lighting system and components having at least one hybrid solar concentrator, at least one fiber receiver, at least one hybrid luminaire, and a light distribution system operably connected to each hybrid solar concentrator and each hybrid luminaire. A controller operates each component.
Efficient simulation of hybrid systems: A hybrid bond graph approach
Accurate and efficient simulations facilitate cost-effective design and analysis of large, complex, embedded systems, whose behaviors are typically hybrid, i.e. continuous behaviors interspersed with discrete mode changes. In this paper we present an ... Keywords: component-oriented modeling, dynamic causal assignment, hybrid bond graphs, modeling and simulation environments, simulation of hybrid systems
Indranil Roychoudhury; Matthew J Daigle; Gautam Biswas; Xenofon Koutsoukos
Hybrid solar thermal-photovoltaic systems demonstration, Phase I and II. Final technical progress report, July 5, 1979-December 1982
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
The purpose of the project is to investigate a system based on combined photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) panels to supply the energy needs of a small single family residence. The system finally selected and constructed uses PV/T panels which utilize air as the heat transfer medium. Optimization of thermal performance was accomplished by attaching metal fins to the back surface of each cell which significantly increased the heat transfer coefficient from the solar cells to the air stream. The other major components of the selected system are an air-to-air heat pump, a rock bin thermal energy storage bin, a synchronous dc-to-ac converter, a microprocessor to control the system, a heat exchanger for the domestic hot water system and of course the building itself which is a one story, well insulated structure having a floor area of 1200 ft/sup 2/. A prototype collector was constructed and tested. Based on this experience, twenty collectors, containing 2860 four inch diameter solar cells, were constructed and installed on the building. Performance of the system was simulated using a TRNSYS-derived program, modified to accommodate PV/T panels and to include the particular components included in the selected system. Simulation of the performance showed that about 65 percent of the total annual energy needs of the building would be provided by the PV/T system. Of this total, about one half is produced at a time when it can be used in the building and one half must be sold back to the utility.
Loferski, J.J. (ed.)
Solar Central Receiver Hybrid Power Systems sodium-cooled receiver concept. Final report. Volume II, Book 2. Conceptual design, Sections 5 and 6
The overall, long-term objective of the Solar Central Receiver Hybrid Power System program is to identify, characterize, and ultimately demonstrate the viability and cost effectiveness of solar/fossil, steam Rankine cycle, hybrid power systems that: (1) consist of a combined solar central receiver energy source and a nonsolar energy source at a single, common site, (2) may operate in the base, intermediate, and peaking capacity modes, (3) produce the rated output independent of variations in solar insolation, (4) provide a significant savings (50% or more) in fuel consumption, and (5) produce power at the minimum possible cost in mills/kWh. It is essential that these hybrid concepts be technically feasible and economically competitive with other systems in the near to mid-term time period (1985-1990) on a commercial scale. The program objective for Phase I is to identify and conceptually characterize solar/fossil steam Rankine cycle, commercial-scale, power plant systems that are economically viable and technically feasible. This volume contains the detailed conceptual design and cost/performance estimates and an assessment of the commercial scale solar central receiver hybrid power system. (WHK)
Requirements Specifications For Hybrid Systems
this paper is to present a formal framework for representing and reasoning about the requirements of hybrid systems. As background, the paper briefly reviews an abstract model for specifying system and software requirements, called the Four Variable Model [12], and a related requirements method, called SCR (Software Cost Reduction) [10, 1]. The paper then introduces a special discrete version of the Four Variable Model, the SCR requirements model [8] and proposes an extension of the SCR model for specifying and reasoning about hybrid systems. 2 Background
Constance Heitmeyer
Solar Central Receiver Hybrid Power Systems sodium-cooled receiver concept. Final report. Volume II, Book 1. Conceptual design, Sections 1 through 4
The overall, long-term objective of the Solar Central Receiver Hybrid Power System program is to identify, characterize, and ultimately demonstrate the viability and cost effectiveness of solar/fossil, steam Rankine cycle, hybrid power systems that: (1) consist of a combined solar central receiver energy source and a nonsolar energy source at a single, common site, (2) may operate in the base, intermediate, and peaking capacity modes, (3) produce the rated output independent of variations in solar insolation, (4) provide a significant savings (50% or more) in fuel consumption, and (5) produce power at the minimum possible cost in mills/kWh. It is essential that these hybrid concepts be technically feasible and economically competitive with other systems in the near to mid-term time period (1985-1990) on a commercial scale. The program objective for Phase I is to identify and conceptually characterize solar/fossil steam Rankine cycle, commercial-scale, power plant systems that are economically viable and technically feasible. This volume presents in detail the market analysis, parametric analysis, and the selection process for the preferred system. (WHK)
Hybrid2: The hybrid power system simulation model
There is a large-scale need and desire for energy in remote communities, especially in the developing world; however the lack of a user friendly, flexible performance prediction model for hybrid power systems incorporating renewables hindered the analysis of hybrids (including wind turbines, PV, diesel generators, AC/DC energy storage) as options to conventional solutions. A user friendly model was needed with the versatility to simulate the many system locations, widely varying hardware configurations, and differing control options for potential hybrid power systems. To meet these ends, NREL and U. Mass. researchers developed the Hybrid2 software. This paper provides an overview of the capabilities, features, and functionality of the Hybrid2 code, discusses its validation and future plans. Model availability and technical support provided to Hybrid2 users are also discussed.
Baring-Gould, E I; Green, H J; van Dijk, V A.P. [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States); Manwell, J F [Massachusetts Univ., Amherst, MA (United States). Renewable Energy Research Lab.
Hybrid powertrain system
A powertrain system is provided that includes a first prime mover and change-gear transmission having a first input shaft and a second input shaft. A twin clutch is disposed between the first prime mover and the transmission. The twin clutch includes a first main clutch positioned between the first prime mover and the first input shaft and a second main clutch positioned between the first prime mover and the second input shaft. The powertrain system also includes a second prime mover operably connected to one of the first and second input shafts.
Hughes, Douglas A. (Wixom, MI)
A verification framework for hybrid systems
Combining; discrete state transitions with differential equations, Hybrid system models provide an expressive formalism for describing software systems that interact with a physical environment. Automatically checking ...
Mitra, Sayan
Control and supervision of a complex production process using hybrid systems techniques
New processing activities for the decommissioning of the Experimental Breeder Reactor II are being carried out at Argonne National Laboratory. The task addressed in this paper is a process to convert metallic sodium to sodium carbonate. The main idea ... Keywords: Argonne National Laboratory, Experimental Breeder Reactor II, complex production process supervision, fission reactor core control, fission research reactors, hybrid control solution, hybrid system techniques, hybrid systems techniques, metallic sodium, nuclear engineering computing, sodium carbonate
H. E. Garcia
A universal planning system for hybrid domains
Many real world problems involve hybrid systems, subject to (continuous) physical effects and controlled by (discrete) digital equipments. Indeed, many efforts are being made to extend the current planning systems and modelling languages to support such ... Keywords: Hybrid systems, PDDL+, Universal planning
Giuseppe Della Penna; Daniele Magazzeni; Fabio Mercorio
Dynamic Analysis of Hybrid Energy Systems under Flexible Operation and Variable Renewable Generation -- Part I: Dynamic Performance Analysis and Part II: Dynamic Cost
Dynamic analysis of hybrid energy systems (HES) under flexible operation and variable renewable generation is considered in order to better understand various challenges and opportunities associated with the high system variability arising from the integration of renewable energy into the power grid. Unique consequences are addressed by devising advanced HES solutions in which multiple forms of energy commodities, such as electricity and chemical products, may be exchanged. Dynamic models of various unit operations are developed and integrated within two different HES options. One HES option, termed traditional, produces electricity only and consists of a primary heat generator (PHG) (e.g., a small modular reactor), a steam turbine generator, a wind farm, and a battery storage. The other HES option, termed advanced, includes not only the components present in the traditional option but also a chemical plant complex to repurpose excess energy for non-electricity services, such as for the production of chemical goods (e.g., transportation fuel). In either case, a given HES is connected to the power grid at a point of common coupling and requested to deliver a certain electricity generation profile as dictated by a regional power grid operator based on a predicted demand curve. Dynamic analysis of these highly-coupled HES are performed to identify their key dynamical properties and limitations and to prescribe solutions for best managing and mitigating the high variability introduced from incorporating renewable energy into the energy mix. A comparative dynamic cost analysis is also conducted to determine best HES options. The cost function includes a set of metrics for computing fixed costs, such as fixed operations and maintenance (O&M) and overnight capital costs, and also variable operational costs, such as cost of variability, variable O&M cost, and cost of environmental impact, together with revenues. Assuming different options for implementing PHG (e.g., natural gas, coal, nuclear), preliminary results identify the level of renewable penetration at which a given advanced HES option (e.g., a nuclear hybrid) becomes increasingly more economical than a traditional electricity-only generation solution. Conditions are also revealed under which carbon resources may be better utilized as carbon sources for chemical production rather than as combustion material for electricity generation.
Humberto E. Garcia; Amit Mohanty; Wen-Chiao Lin; Robert S. Cherry
Study of Hybrid Geothermal Heat Pump Systems
Hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump systems often combine a traditional geothermal system with either a cooling tower or fluid cooler for heat rejection and a boiler or solar heat collector for heat addition to the loop. These systems offer the same energy efficiency benefits as full geothermal systems to utilities and their customers but at a potentially lower first cost. Many hybrid systems have materialized to resolve heat buildup in full geothermal system loops where loop temperatures continue to rise as ...
Performance analysis of hybrid liquid desiccant solar cooling system.
??This thesis investigates the coefficient of performance (COP) of a hybrid liquid desiccant solar cooling system. This hybrid cooling system includes three sections: 1) conventional… (more)
Zhou, Zhipeng (Joe Zoe)
Powertrain system for a hybrid electric vehicle
A hybrid electric powertrain system is provided including an electric motor/generator drivingly engaged with the drive shaft of a transmission. The electric is utilized for synchronizing the rotation of the drive shaft with the driven shaft during gear shift operations. In addition, a mild hybrid concept is provided which utilizes a smaller electric motor than typical hybrid powertrain systems. Because the electric motor is drivingly engaged with the drive shaft of the transmission, the electric motor/generator is driven at high speed even when the vehicle speed is low so that the electric motor/generator provides more efficient regeneration. 34 figs.
Reed, R.G. Jr.; Boberg, E.S.; Lawrie, R.E.; Castaing, F.J.
A hybrid electric powertrain system is provided including an electric motor/generator drivingly engaged with the drive shaft of a transmission. The electric is utilized for synchronizing the rotation of the drive shaft with the driven shaft during gear shift operations. In addition, a mild hybrid concept is provided which utilizes a smaller electric motor than typical hybrid powertrain systems. Because the electric motor is drivingly engaged with the drive shaft of the transmission, the electric motor/generator is driven at high speed even when the vehicle speed is low so that the electric motor/generator provides more efficient regeneration.
Reed, Jr., Richard G. (Royal Oak, MI); Boberg, Evan S. (Hazel Park, MI); Lawrie, Robert E. (Whitmore Lake, MI); Castaing, Francois J. (Bloomfield Township, MI)
Analysis of Hybrid Hydrogen Systems: Final Report
Report on biomass pathways for hydrogen production and how they can be hybridized to support renewable electricity generation. Two hybrid systems were studied in detail for process feasibility and economic performance. The best-performing system was estimated to produce hydrogen at costs ($1.67/kg) within Department of Energy targets ($2.10/kg) for central biomass-derived hydrogen production while also providing value-added energy services to the electric grid.
Dean, J.; Braun, R.; Munoz, D.; Penev, M.; Kinchin, C.
Manzanita Hybrid Power system Project Final Report
The Manzanita Indian Reservation is located in southeastern San Diego County, California. The Tribe has long recognized that the Reservation has an abundant wind resource that could be commercially utilized to its benefit, and in 1995 the Tribe established the Manzanita Renewable Energy Office. Through the U.S. Department of Energy's Tribal Energy Program the Band received funds to install a hybrid renewable power system to provide electricity to one of the tribal community buildings, the Manzanita Activities Center (MAC building). The project began September 30, 1999 and was completed March 31, 2005. The system was designed and the equipment supplied by Northern Power Systems, Inc, an engineering company with expertise in renewable hybrid system design and development. Personnel of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory provided technical assistance in system design, and continued to provide technical assistance in system monitoring. The grid-connected renewable hybrid wind/photovoltaic system provides a demonstration of a solar/wind energy hybrid power-generating project on Manzanita Tribal land. During the system design phase, the National Renewable Energy Lab estimated that the wind turbine is expected to produce 10,000-kilowatt hours per year and the solar array 2,000-kilowatt hours per year. The hybrid system was designed to provide approximately 80 percent of the electricity used annually in the MAC building. The project proposed to demonstrate that this kind of a system design would provide highly reliable renewable power for community uses.
Trisha Frank
Hybrid electrical energy storage systems
Electrical energy is a high quality form of energy that can be easily converted to other forms of energy with high efficiency and, even more importantly, it can be used to control lower grades of energy quality with ease. However, building a cost-effective ... Keywords: charge, electrical storage, energy, energy storage, hybrid storage, management
Massoud Pedram; Naehyuck Chang; Younghyun Kim; Yanzhi Wang
Hydraulic Hybrid Systems | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Hydraulic Hybrid Systems Hydraulic Hybrid Systems Jump to: navigation, search Logo: Hydraulic Hybrid Systems Name Hydraulic Hybrid Systems Address 320 N. Railroad Ave Place Loveland, Colorado Zip 80537 Sector Vehicles Product hydraulic hybrid system for light-duty vehicles Year founded 2008 Number of employees 11-50 Phone number 303-519-4144 Website http://www.hydraulichybridsyst Coordinates 40.394833°, -105.0758931° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":40.394833,"lon":-105.0758931,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Predicting time series with advanced hybrid systems
Autogressive moving average (ARMA) has been widely used to model processes that generate linear time-series. Recent research activities in forecasting with artificial neutral networks (ANNs) suggest that ANNs can be a promising alternative to the traditional ... Keywords: ARMA models, fuzzy system, hybrid system, neutral networks, time series
O. Valenzuela; I. Rojas; F. Rojas; H. Pomares; J. Gonzalez; L. J. Herrera; A. Guillen
Associative computer: a hybrid connectionistic production system
In this paper, we introduce a connectionistic hybrid production system, which relies on the distributed representation and the usage of associative memories. Benefits of the distributed representation include heuristics resulting from pictogram representation. ... Keywords: Connectionism, Distributed representation, Learning, Problem solving, Production system
Andreas Wichert
Electron-State Hybridization in Heavy-Fermion Systems
Electron-State Hybridization in Heavy-Fermion Systems Electron-State Hybridization in Heavy-Fermion Systems Print Wednesday, 27 September 2006 00:00 Heavy-fermion systems are...
A fuel-cell-battery hybrid for portable embedded systems
This article presents our work on the development of a fuel cell (FC) and battery hybrid (FC-Bh) system for use in portable microelectronic systems. We describe the design and control of the hybrid system, as well as a dynamic power management (DPM)-based ... Keywords: DPM, Simulation, battery, fuel cell, hybrid systems, simulator
Kyungsoo Lee; Naehyuck Chang; Jianli Zhuo; Chaitali Chakrabarti; Sudheendra Kadri; Sarma Vrudhula
Analysis of hybrid solar systems
This study uses the TRNSYS simulation program to evaluate the performance of active charge/passive discharge solar systems with water as the working fluid. This design was introduced in the Village Homes development in Davis, Calif., and is currently being used by Trident Energy Systems in Davis. TRNSYS simulations are used to evaluate the heating performance and cooling augmentation provided by systems in several climates. The results of the simulations are used to develop a simplified analysis tool similar to the F-chart and Phi-bar procedures used for active systems. This tool, currently in a preliminary stage, should provide the designer with quantitative performance estimates for comparison with other passive, active, and nonsolar heating and cooling designs.
Swisher, J.
Hybrid photovoltaic/thermal solar energy system
Heating and cooling systems that use hybrid solar energy collectors (combination photovoltaic-thermal) have the potential for considerable energy savings, particularly when the system includes a heat pump. Economic evaluations show that photovoltaic systems are potentially most economical, but results depend critically on future collector costs as well as energy prices. Results are based on a specially developed computer program that predicted the total auxiliary energy required for five different solar heating/cooling systems. Performance calculations for a modeled residence and small office building were made using meteorological data from four geographic locations. Annual system costs were also calculated.
Kern, E.C. Jr.; Russell, M.C.
Analysis of village hybrid systems in Chile
Chile recently began a major rural electrification program to electrify those 240,000 families (about half of the rural people) who lack electricity access. In this paper, we discuss a pilot project to electrify three remote villages in Chile`s Region IX using wind/genset/battery hybrids. The intent of this project is to demonstrate the reliability and cost-effectiveness of wind/genset/battery hybrids and to encourage replication of these types of systems in Chile`s electrification program. For each village, electricity connections are planned for several residences, and also schools, health posts, community centers, or chapels. Projected average daily loads are small, ranging from 4 to 10 kWh. Using the optimization program HOMER and the simulation program Hybrid2, we evaluated options to maximize technical performance, minimize costs, and gain experience with a variety of systems and components. We find that wind/genset/battery hybrids will be able to provide cost-effective, reliable power for these sites. More importantly, their inherent flexibility allows for variations in load and resource without greatly affecting the cost of energy.
Lew, D J; Corbus, D; Holz, R [and others
EMDEX II system documentation
The EPRI EMDEX 2 system consists of hardware and software for characterizing electric and magnetic field exposures. The EMDEX 2 meter is a computer-base portable unit that samples, at a user-programmable rate, the three vector components of magnetic flux density, and a measure of the average electric field action on the torso of the wearer (if an optional sensor is worn). Modules of the EMCALC software package are used to program the EMDEX 2, retrieve data at the end of a measurement session, analyze EMDEX 2 data, and prepare tabular and graphical data summaries. The User Manual is designed to provide instruction on the use of the exposure system hardware and software. The Technical Reference Manual provides additional, detailed descriptions of the hardware, software and methodologies used in the EMDEX 2 system. 11 refs., 31 figs., 25 tabs.
Silva, J.M. (Enertech Consultants, Campbell, CA (United States))
Hybrid Wind and Solar Electric Systems | Department of Energy
-- not connected to an electricity distribution system. For the times when neither the wind nor the solar system are producing, most hybrid systems provide power through...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Hybrid Wind and Solar Electric Systems Hybrid Wind and Solar Electric Systems Hybrid Wind and Solar Electric Systems July 2, 2012 - 8:21pm Addthis Because the peak operating times for wind and solar systems occur at different times of the day and year, hybrid systems are more likely to produce power when you need it. Because the peak operating times for wind and solar systems occur at different times of the day and year, hybrid systems are more likely to produce power when you need it. How does it work? A small "hybrid" electric system that combines wind and solar technologies can offer several advantages over either single system. According to many renewable energy experts, a small "hybrid" electric system that combines home wind electric and home solar electric (photovoltaic or PV) technologies offers several advantages over either
The NSLS-II is a new third generation light source being constructed at Brookhaven Lab. The storage ring is optimized for low emittance by use of damping wigglers to reduce the emittance to below 1 nm-rad. The RF systems are designed to provide stable beam through tight RF phase and amplitude stability requirements.
Rose, J.; Gash, W.; Holub, B.; Kawashima, Y.; Ma, H.; Towne, N.; Yeddulla, M.
Design of isolated renewable hybrid power systems
Isolated electrical power generating units can be used as an economically viable alternative to electrify remote villages where grid extension is not feasible. One of the options for building isolated power systems is by hybridizing renewable power sources like wind, solar, micro-hydro, etc. along with appropriate energy storage. A method to optimally size and to evaluate the cost of energy produced by a renewable hybrid system is proposed in this paper. The proposed method, which is based on the design space approach, can be used to determine the conditions for which hybridization of the system is cost effective. The simple and novel methodology, proposed in this paper, is based on the principles of process integration. It finds the minimum battery capacity when the availability and ratings of various renewable resources as well as load demand are known. The battery sizing methodology is used to determine the sizing curve and thereby the feasible design space for the entire system. Chance constrained programming approach is used to account for the stochastic nature of the renewable energy resources and to arrive at the design space. The optimal system configuration in the entire design space is selected based on the lowest cost of energy, subject to a specified reliability criterion. The effects of variation of the specified system reliability and the coefficient of correlation between renewable sources on the design space, as well as the optimum configuration are also studied in this paper. The proposed method is demonstrated by designing an isolated power system for an Indian village utilizing wind-solar photovoltaic-battery system. (author)
Sreeraj, E.S.; Chatterjee, Kishore [Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076 (India); Bandyopadhyay, Santanu [Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076 (India)
Hybrid2: The hybrid system simulation model, Version 1.0, user manual
In light of the large scale desire for energy in remote communities, especially in the developing world, the need for a detailed long term performance prediction model for hybrid power systems was seen. To meet these ends, engineers from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the University of Massachusetts (UMass) have spent the last three years developing the Hybrid2 software. The Hybrid2 code provides a means to conduct long term, detailed simulations of the performance of a large array of hybrid power systems. This work acts as an introduction and users manual to the Hybrid2 software. The manual describes the Hybrid2 code, what is included with the software and instructs the user on the structure of the code. The manual also describes some of the major features of the Hybrid2 code as well as how to create projects and run hybrid system simulations. The Hybrid2 code test program is also discussed. Although every attempt has been made to make the Hybrid2 code easy to understand and use, this manual will allow many organizations to consider the long term advantages of using hybrid power systems instead of conventional petroleum based systems for remote power generation.
Baring-Gould, E.I.
Hybrid Power System Simulation Model | Open Energy Information
Hybrid Power System Simulation Model Hybrid Power System Simulation Model Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Hybrid Power System Simulation Model Focus Area: Renewable Energy Topics: System & Application Design Website: www.umass.edu/windenergy/OLD_SITE/projects/hybrid2/ Equivalent URI: cleanenergysolutions.org/content/hybrid-power-system-simulation-model, Language: English Policies: Deployment Programs DeploymentPrograms: Technical Assistance This tool performs detailed long-term performance and economic analysis on a wide variety of hybrid power systems. It is a probabilistic/time-series computer model, using time-series data for loads, wind speed, solar insolation, temperature, and the power system designed or selected by the user, to predict the performance of the hybrid power system. An economic
Design and Optimization of Future Hybrid and Electric Propulsion Systems
Design and Optimization of Future Hybrid and Electric Propulsion Systems: An Advanced Tool and Optimization of Future Hybrid and Electric Propulsion Systems: An Advanced Tool Integrated in a Complete Hybrid Electric Vehicle ICE Internal Combustion Engine IM Induction Machine IPM Internal Permanent Magnet
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Benefits of battery-uItracapacitor hybrid energy storage systems
This thesis explores the benefits of battery and battery-ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage systems (ESSs) in pulsed-load applications. It investigates and quantifies the benefits of the hybrid ESS over its battery-only ...
Smith, Ian C., S.M. (Ian Charles). Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Electron-State Hybridization in Heavy-Fermion Systems Print Heavy-fermion systems are characterized by electrons with extremely large effective masses. The corresponding...
Hybrid systems modeling and verification with DEVS (WIP)
Hybrid systems (where continuous and discrete phenomena interact) are found in many natural and artificial systems. An important example, real-time embedded systems usually include discrete-event controllers interacting with a continuous plant. Verifying ... Keywords: DEVS, hybrid systems verification, quantized state systems QSS, timed automata
Hesham Saadawi, Gabriel Wainer
Hybrid distributed generation for power distribution systems planning
This paper presents planning models for hybrid distributed generation systems, as well as the results corresponding to a distribution systems planning problem obtained using a new computational tool based on a Geographic Information System, GIS. This ... Keywords: distributed generation (DG), geographical information systems (GIS), hybrid power systems, optimal planning
I. J. Ramírez-Rosado; P. J. Zorzano-Santamaría; L. A. Fernández-Jiménez; E. García-Garrido; P. Lara-Santillán; E. Zorzano-Alba; M. Mendoza-Villena
Object-Oriented Modeling Of Hybrid Systems
A new methodology for the object--oriented description of models consisting of a mixture of continuous and discrete components is presented. The object--oriented paradigm enables the user to describe such models in a modular fashion that permits the reuse of these models independently of the environment in which they are to be embedded. The paper explains the basic mechanisms needed for object--oriented modeling of hybrid systems by means of language constructs available in the object--oriented modeling language Dymola. It then addresses more advanced concepts such as variable structure models containing e.g. ideal electrical switches, ideal diodes and dry friction.
Hilding Elmqvist; Francois E. Cellier; Martin Otter
NREL: Fleet Test and Evaluation - Hybrid Electric Drive Systems
Hybrid Electric Drive Systems Hybrid Electric Drive Systems The Fleet Test and Evaluation Team conducts performance evaluations of hybrid electric drive systems in fleets of delivery vehicles and transit buses. Hybrid electric drive systems combine a primary power source, an energy storage system, and an electric motor to achieve a combination of emissions, fuel economy, and range benefits unattainable with any of these technologies alone. Hybrid electric drive systems use less petroleum-based fuel and capture energy created during breaking and idling. This collected energy is used to propel the vehicle during normal drive cycles. The batteries supply additional power for acceleration and hill climbing. Learn more about the team's hybrid electric drive system evaluations: Delivery Vehicles
Total Thermal Management System for Hybrid and Full Electric Vehicles
Total Thermal Management System for Hybrid and Full Electric Vehicles Note: The technology described above is an early stage opportunity. Licensing rights to this ...
Powertrain system for a hybrid electric vehicle - Energy ...
A hybrid electric powertrain system is provided including an electric motor/generator drivingly engaged with the drive shaft of a transmission. The electric is ...
Assessment of Hybrid Geothermal Heat Pump Systems - Technology...
cool- ing needs of the building and offers general guidelines Assessment of Hybrid Geothermal Heat Pump Systems Geothermal heat pumps offer attractive choice for space...
Towards dense linear algebra for hybrid GPU accelerated manycore systems
We highlight the trends leading to the increased appeal of using hybrid multicore+GPU systems for high performance computing. We present a set of techniques that can be used to develop efficient dense linear algebra algorithms for these systems. We illustrate ... Keywords: Dense linear algebra, Graphics processing units, Hybrid computing, Multicore processors, Parallel algorithms
Stanimire Tomov; Jack Dongarra; Marc Baboulin
Detection system based on a novel large area hybrid detector
A system level implementation of a large area hybrid detector is presented. The detector used in this system consists of an array of hydrogenated amorphous silicon photodiodes directly connected to a CMOS readout chip, which is vertically integrated ... Keywords: Amorphous silicon, Hybrid detectors, Large area photodetectors
A. Nascetti; P. Valerio; D. Caputo; G. de Cesare
Charge allocation for hybrid electrical energy storage systems
Hybrid electrical energy storage (HEES) systems, composed of multiple banks of heterogeneous electrical energy storage (EES) elements with their unique strengths and weaknesses, have been introduced to efficiently store and retrieve electrical energy ... Keywords: charge allocation, charge management, hybrid electrical energy storage system
Qing Xie; Yanzhi Wang; Younghyun Kim; Naehyuck Chang; Massoud Pedram
Energy storage for hybrid remote power systems
Energy storage can be a cost-effective component of hybrid remote power systems. Storage serves the special role of taking advantage of intermittent renewable power sources. Traditionally this role has been played by lead-acid batteries, which have high life-cycle costs and pose special disposal problems. Hydrogen or zinc-air storage technologies can reduce life-cycle costs and environmental impacts. Using projected data for advanced energy storage technologies, LLNL ran an optimization for a hypothetical Arctic community with a reasonable wind resource (average wind speed 8 m/s). These simulations showed the life-cycle annualized cost of the total energy system (electric plus space heating) might be reduced by nearly 40% simply by adding wind power to the diesel system. An additional 20 to 40% of the wind-diesel cost might be saved by adding hydrogen storage or zinc-air fuel cells to the system. Hydrogen produced by electrolysis of water using intermittent, renewable power provides inexpensive long-term energy storage. Conversion back to electricity with fuel cells can be accomplished with available technology. The advantages of a hydrogen electrolysis/fuel cell system include low life-cycle costs for long term storage, no emissions of concern, quiet operation, high reliability with low maintenance, and flexibility to use hydrogen as a direct fuel (heating, transportation). Disadvantages include high capital costs, relatively low electrical turn-around efficiency, and lack of operating experience in utility settings. Zinc-air fuel cells can lower capital and life-cycle costs compared to hydrogen, with most of the same advantages. Like hydrogen systems, zinc-air technology promises a closed system for long-term storage of energy from intermittent sources. The turn around efficiency is expected to exceed 60%, while use of waste heat can potentially increase overall energy efficiency to over 80%.
Isherwood, W., LLNL
NREL: Fleet Test and Evaluation - Hydraulic Hybrid Drive Systems
Hydraulic Hybrid Drive Systems Hydraulic Hybrid Drive Systems NREL's Fleet Test and Evaluation Team conducts performance evaluations of hydraulic hybrid drive systems in delivery vehicles. Because hydraulic hybrids feature highly efficient regenerative braking systems and "engine off at idle" capabilities, they are ideal for parcel delivery applications where stop-and-go traffic is common. Hydraulic hybrid systems can capture up to 70% of the kinetic energy that would otherwise be lost during braking. This energy drives a pump, which transfers hydraulic fluid from a low-pressure reservoir to a high-pressure accumulator. When the vehicle accelerates, fluid in the high-pressure accumulator moves to the lower-pressure reservoir, which drives a motor and provides extra torque. This process can improve the vehicle's fuel economy
HYBRID2 -- A versatile model of the performance of hybrid power systems
In 1993, the National Renewable Laboratory (NREL) made an assessment of the available tools from the United States and Europe for predicting the long-term performance of hybrid power systems. By hybrid power the authors mean combinations of two or more power sources wind turbines, photovoltaics (PV), diesel gensets, or other generators into integrated systems for electric power generation in remote locations. Their conclusion was that there was no single, user-friendly tool capable of modeling the full range of hybrid power technologies being considered for the 1990s and beyond. The existing tools were, in particular, lacking flexibility in system configuration and in dispatch of components. As a result, NREL developed a specification for a model, called HYBRID2, for making comparisons of competing technology options on a level playing field. This specification was prepared with a range of potential users in mind including not only the US Department of Energy (DOE) renewable energy programs, but also the US wind industry, technical consultants, international development institutions/banks, and rural electrification programs in developing countries. During 1994, NREL and subcontractor, the University of Massachusetts (UMass), began development of HYBRID2 with funding from the DOE Wind Energy Program. It builds on the wind/diesel model, HYBRID1, developed previously by UMass, and expands that model to accommodate the wider array of technologies used in hybrid power systems. This paper will provide an overview of the model`s features, functions, and status.
Green, H.J. [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States); Manwell, J. [Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States)
Assessment of solar-geothermal hybrid system concepts
Studies were conducted to assess the technical and economic merits and limitations of advanced solar-geothermal hybrid electric power plant concepts. Geothermal resource characteristics and technologies were reviewed to determine the best possible ways of combining solar and geothermal technologies into a hybrid operation. Potential hybrid system concepts are defined and their performance, resource usage, and economics are assessed relative to the individual solar and geothermal resource development techniques. Key results are presented.
Mathur, P.N.
Electric and Hybrid Vehicle System Research and Development Project: Hybrid Vehicle Potential Assessment. Volume 1. Summary
The results of investigations conducted under Ce Hybrid Vehicle Potential Assessment Task are reported in 10 volumes. This volume contains an overview of the study and its results. The purpose of the overall study was to determine if the petroleum fuel savings achievable through the use of hybrid electric vehicles is worth the R and D expenditures needed to develop the hybrid vehicles and to determine R and D priorities. It was concluded that by the year 2010 hybrid vehicles could replace 80% of the automotive power that would otherwise be produced from petroleum fuels; the public should not suffer any mobility loss through the use of hybrid vehicles; high initial and life-cycle costs are a limiting factor; and R and D funds should be spent for systems design and the development of low-cost batteries and controllers. (LCL)
Surber, F.T.
Sensitivity Analysis of Limit-Cycle Oscillating Hybrid Systems
A theory is developed for local, first-order sensitivity analysis of limit-cycle oscillating hybrid systems, which are dynamical systems exhibiting both continuous-state and discrete-state dynamics whose state trajectories ...
Khan, Kamil A.
Oak Creek Energy Systems Wind Farm II | Open Energy Information
II II Facility Oak Creek Energy Systems Sector Wind energy Facility Type Commercial Scale Wind Facility Status In Service Owner Oak Creek Energy Systems Developer Oak Creek Energy Systems Energy Purchaser Southern California Edison Co Location Tehachapi CA Coordinates 35.07665°, -118.25529° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":35.07665,"lon":-118.25529,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
San Juanico Hybrid System Technical and Institutional Assessment: Preprint
San Juanico is a fishing village of approximately 120 homes in the Municipality of Comondu, Baja California. In April, 1999, a hybrid power system was installed in San Juanico to provide 24-hour power, which was not previously available. Before the installation of the hybrid power system, a field study was conducted to characterize the electrical usage and institutional and social framework of San Juanico. One year after the installation of the hybrid power system a''post-electrification'' study was performed to document the changes that had occurred after the installation. In December of 2003, NREL visited the site to conduct a technical assessment of the system.
Corbus, D.; Newcomb, C.; Yewdall, Z.
Nuclear Hybrid Energy System Modeling: RELAP5 Dynamic Coupling Capabilities
The nuclear hybrid energy systems (NHES) research team is currently developing a dynamic simulation of an integrated hybrid energy system. A detailed simulation of proposed NHES architectures will allow initial computational demonstration of a tightly coupled NHES to identify key reactor subsystem requirements, identify candidate reactor technologies for a hybrid system, and identify key challenges to operation of the coupled system. This work will provide a baseline for later coupling of design-specific reactor models through industry collaboration. The modeling capability addressed in this report focuses on the reactor subsystem simulation.
Piyush Sabharwall; Nolan Anderson; Haihua Zhao; Shannon Bragg-Sitton; George Mesina
Study on Electric Control System for a Full Hybrid Bus
For efficient and reliable operation of a novel hybrid powertrain assembled in the bus, a set of control strategy combined with the structural characteristics was researched. Based on the identification of the driver's intension, this paper presented ... Keywords: full hybrid bus, eletric control system, stretegy, fuel economy
Zhiguo Kong, Hongxiu Wang
Modeling, simulation, sensitivity analysis, and optimization of hybrid systems
Hybrid (discrete/continuous) systems exhibit both discrete state and continuous state dynamics which interact to such a significant extent that they cannot be decoupled and must be analyzed simultaneously. We present an overview of the work that has ... Keywords: Hybrid automata, combined discrete/continuous simulation, consistent reinitialization, discontinuities, sensitivity analysis, state events, transitions
Paul I. Barton; Cha Kun Lee
Hybrid vehicle system studies and optimized hydrogen engine design
We have done system studies of series hydrogen hybrid automobiles that approach the PNGV design goal of 34 km/liter (80 mpg), for 384 km (240 mi) and 608 km (380 mi) ranges. Our results indicate that such a vehicle appears feasible using an optimized hydrogen engine. We have evaluated the impact of various on-board storage options on fuel economy. Experiments in an available engine at the Sandia CRF demonstrated NO{sub x} emissions of 10 to 20 ppM at an equivalence ratio of 0.4, rising to about 500 ppm at 0.5 equivalence ratio using neat hydrogen. Hybrid simulation studies indicate that exhaust NO{sub x} concentrations must be less than 180 ppM to meet the 0.2 g/mile ULEV or Federal Tier II emissions regulations. LLNL has designed and fabricated a first generation optimized hydrogen engine head for use on an existing Onan engine. This head features 15:1 compression ratio, dual ignition, water cooling, two valves and open quiescent combustion chamber to minimize heat transfer losses. Initial testing shows promise of achieving an indicated efficiency of nearly 50% and emissions of less than 100 ppM NO{sub x}. Hydrocarbons and CO are to be measured, but are expected to be very low since their only source is engine lubricating oil. A successful friction reduction program on the Onan engine should result in a brake thermal efficiency of about 42% compared to today`s gasoline engines of 32%. Based on system studies requirements, the next generation engine will be about 2 liter displacement and is projected to achieve 46% brake thermal efficiency with outputs of 15 kW for cruise and 40 kW for hill climb.
Smith, J.R.; Aceves, S.
Battery control system for hybrid vehicle and method for controlling a hybrid vehicle battery
A battery control system for hybrid vehicle includes a hybrid powertrain battery, a vehicle accessory battery, and a prime mover driven generator adapted to charge the vehicle accessory battery. A detecting arrangement is configured to monitor the vehicle accessory battery's state of charge. A controller is configured to activate the prime mover to drive the generator and recharge the vehicle accessory battery in response to the vehicle accessory battery's state of charge falling below a first predetermined level, or transfer electrical power from the hybrid powertrain battery to the vehicle accessory battery in response to the vehicle accessory battery's state of charge falling below a second predetermined level. The invention further includes a method for controlling a hybrid vehicle powertrain system.
Bockelmann, Thomas R. (Battle Creek, MI); Hope, Mark E. (Marshall, MI); Zou, Zhanjiang (Battle Creek, MI); Kang, Xiaosong (Battle Creek, MI)
Routing in Cyber Physical Systems with Application for Voltage Control in Microgrids: A Hybrid System Approach
A key challenge of cyber physical system is how to design the communication system. In this paper, the framework of hybrid system which consists of both continuous and discrete system states is adopted for the communication system design, particularly ... Keywords: cyber physical system, hybrid systems, routing
Husheng Li; Robert C. Qiu; Zhiqiang Wu
Hybrid Vapor Compression Adsorption System: Thermal Storage Using Hybrid Vapor Compression Adsorption System
HEATS Project: UTRC is developing a new climate-control system for EVs that uses a hybrid vapor compression adsorption system with thermal energy storage. The targeted, closed system will use energy during the battery-charging step to recharge the thermal storage, and it will use minimal power to provide cooling or heating to the cabin during a drive cycle. The team will use a unique approach of absorbing a refrigerant on a metal salt, which will create a lightweight, high-energy-density refrigerant. This unique working pair can operate indefinitely as a traditional vapor compression heat pump using electrical energy, if desired. The project will deliver a hot-and-cold battery that provides comfort to the passengers using minimal power, substantially extending the driving range of EVs.
A Hybrid System for Learning Sunspot Recognition and Classification
Sunspots observation and classification are important tasks for solar astronomers. The activity of sunspots can give clues to the timing of solar flares and the solar weather in general. This paper describes a hybrid system for automatic sunspot recognition ...
Trung Thanh Nguyen; Claire P. Willis; Derek J. Paddon; Hung Son Nguyen
Hybrid Cooling Systems for Low-Temperature Geothermal Power Production
LLC. Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 Hybrid Cooling Systems for Low-Temperature Geothermal Power Production Andrea Ashwood and Desikan Bharathan Technical Report NREL...
NREL: Vehicle Systems Analysis - Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles NREL's vehicle systems analysts work to advance the technology of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), also known as grid-connected or grid-charged hybrids. Technology Targets and Metrics Analysis We use our Technical Targets Tool to determine pathways for maximizing the potential national impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. This assessment includes consideration of how consumers will value the new vehicle technology based on attributes such as: Acceleration Fuel economy and consumption Cargo capacity Cost. We use the resulting competitiveness index to predict the vehicle's market penetration rate. Then, we can create a total national benefits picture after adding in other factors such as: Existing fleet turnover
An intelligent power system stabilizer based hybrid fuzzy learning algorithm
This work aims to develop two adaptive fuzzy control techniques applied on excitation control system for turbo- Alternators, to simulate an Automatic Voltage Regulator and Power Systems Stabilizer (AVR-PSS) in transient stability power system analysis: ... Keywords: ANFIS, AVR - PSS, PID control, fuzzy controller, hybrid learning algorithm, power system stability and robustness, turbo-alternators and excitation
Abdellatif Naceri; Ahmed Massoum; Mohamed Abid
Page placement in hybrid memory systems
Phase-Change Memory (PCM) technology has received substantial attention recently. Because PCM is byte-addressable and exhibits access times in the nanosecond range, it can be used in main memory designs. In fact, PCM has higher density and lower idle ... Keywords: hybrid memory, memory controller, phase-change memory
Luiz E. Ramos; Eugene Gorbatov; Ricardo Bianchini
Hybrid Geothermal Heat Pump System Research Geothermal Project | Open
Hybrid Geothermal Heat Pump System Research Geothermal Project Hybrid Geothermal Heat Pump System Research Geothermal Project Jump to: navigation, search Last modified on July 22, 2011. Project Title Hybrid Geothermal Heat Pump System Research Project Type / Topic 1 Recovery Act - Geothermal Technologies Program: Ground Source Heat Pumps Project Type / Topic 2 Topic Area 2: Data Gathering and Analysis Project Description Geothermal, or ground-source heat pump systems have been shown to have superior energy performance to conventional heating and cooling systems in many building types and climates. There has been significant growth in the application of these systems; yet, geothermal systems have only been able to capture a few percent of the heating and cooling market. This is due primarily to the prohibitively high cost of installing the necessary ground loop.
Extending the lifetime of fuel cell based hybrid systems
Fuel cells are clean power sources that have much higher energy densities and lifetimes compared to batteries. However, fuel cells have limited load following capabilities and cannot be efficiently utilized if used in isolation. In this work, we consider a hybrid system where a fuel cell based hybrid power source is used to provide power to a DVFS processor. The hybrid power source consists of a room temperature fuel cell operating as the primary power source and a Li-ion battery (that has good load following capability) operating as the secondary source. Our goal is to develop polices to extend the lifetime of the fuel cell based hybrid system. First, we develop a charge based optimization framework which minimizes the charge loss of the hybrid system (and not the energy consumption of the DVFS processor). Next, we propose a new algorithm to minimize the charge loss by judiciously scaling the load current. We compare the performance of this algorithm with one that has been optimized for energy, and demonstrate its superiority. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the hybrid system under different system configurations and show how to determine the best combination of fuel cell size and battery capacity for a given embedded application.
Jianli Zhuo; Chaitali Chakrabarti; Naehyuck Chang; Sarma Vrudhula
Economic analysis of PV hybrid power system: Pinnacles National Monument
PV hybrid electric power systems can offer an economically competitive alternative to engine generator (genset) systems in many off-grid applications. Besides the obvious `green` advantages of producing less noise and emissions, the PV hybrid can, in some cases, offer a lower life-cycle cost (LCC) then the genset. This paper evaluates the LCC of the 9.6 kWp PV hybrid power system installed by the National Park Services (NPS) at Pinnacles National Monument, CA. NPS motivation for installation of this hybrid was not based on economics, but rather the need to replace two aging diesel gensets with an alternative that would be quieter, fuel efficient, and more in keeping with new NPS emphasis on sustainable design and operations. In fact, economic analysis shows a lower 20-year LCC for the installed PV hybrid than for simple replacement of the two gensets. The analysis projects are net savings by the PV hybrid system of $83,561 and over 162,000 gallons of propane when compared with the genset-only system. This net savings is independent of the costs associated with environmental emissions. The effects of including emissions costs, according to NPS guidelines, is also discussed. 5 refs., 2 figs., 3 tabs.
Rosenthal, A.; Durand, S. [Southwest Technology Development Institute, Las Cruces, NM (United States); Thomas, M.; Post, H. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Analysis of advanced solar hybrid desiccant cooling systems for buildings
This report describes an assessment of the energy savings possible from developing hybrid desiccant/vapor-compression air conditioning systems. Recent advances in dehumidifier design for solar desiccant cooling systems have resulted in a dehumidifier with a low pressure drop and high efficiency in heat and mass transfer. A recent study on hybrid desiccant/vapor compression systems showed a 30%-80% savings in resource energy when compared with the best conventional systems with vapor compression. A system consisting of a dehumidifier with vapor compression subsystems in series was found to be the simplest and best overall performer.
Schlepp, D.; Schultz, K.
Configuring Workstations for use with the PARS II System | Department...
Configuring Workstations for use with the PARS II System Configuring Workstations for use with the PARS II System ConfiguringWorkstationsforusewiththePARSIISystem0.pdf...
Configuring Workstations for use with the PARS II System Configuring Workstations for use with the PARS II System ConfiguringWorkstationsforusewiththePARSIISystem2013071...
Analysis of Ultracapacitor-VRLA Energy Storage Systems for Mild Hybrids (Presentation)
Presents an analysis of VRLA + ultracapacitor use as energy storage systems in mild hybrid vehicles.
Markel, T.; Pesaran, A.; Sprik, S.
A Monolithic Microconcentrator Receiver For A Hybrid PV?Thermal System: Preliminary Performance
An innovative hybrid PV?thermal microconcentrator (MCT) system is being jointly developed by Chromasun Inc.
D. Walter; V. Everett; M. Vivar; J. Harvey; R. Van Scheppingen; S. Surve; J. Muric?Nesic; A. Blakers
Quantified Differential Dynamic Logic for Distributed Hybrid Systems
We address a fundamental mismatch between the combinations of dynamics that occur in complex physical systems and the limited kinds of dynamics supported in analysis. Modern applications combine communication, computation, and control. They may even form dynamic networks, where neither structure nor dimension stay the same while the system follows mixed discrete and continuous dynamics. We provide the logical foundations for closing this analytic gap. We develop a system model for distributed hybrid systems that combines quantified differential equations with quantified assignments and dynamic dimensionality-changes. We introduce a dynamic logic for verifying distributed hybrid systems and present a proof calculus for it. We prove that this calculus is a sound and complete axiomatization of the behavior of distributed hybrid systems relative to quantified differential equations. In our calculus we have proven collision freedom in distributed car control even when new cars may appear dynamically on the road.
André Platzer
Energy-Efficient Building HVAC Control Using Hybrid System LBMPC
Improving the energy-efficiency of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems has the potential to realize large economic and societal benefits. This paper concerns the system identification of a hybrid system model of a building-wide HVAC system and its subsequent control using a hybrid system formulation of learning-based model predictive control (LBMPC). Here, the learning refers to model updates to the hybrid system model that incorporate the heating effects due to occupancy, solar effects, outside air temperature (OAT), and equipment, in addition to integrator dynamics inherently present in low-level control. Though we make significant modeling simplifications, our corresponding controller that uses this model is able to experimentally achieve a large reduction in energy usage without any degradations in occupant comfort. It is in this way that we justify the modeling simplifications that we have made. We conclude by presenting results from experiments on our building HVAC testbed, which s...
Aswani, Anil; Taneja, Jay; Krioukov, Andrew; Culler, David; Tomlin, Claire
Analysis of the seasonal performance of hybrid desiccant cooling systems
A simulation model for the liquid desiccant component of a hybrid system was developed. An analysis of experimental test data was conducted. The liquid desiccant component was examined and the sensitivity of its seasonal performance to changes in principal component variables was identified. Seasonal simulations were performed on different operation modes of a hybrid liquid desiccant cooling system. The results were analyzed in terms of estimated operational costs and compared to the equivalent cost estimation of a conventional cooling system. The study showed that the investigated liquid desiccant configuration usually will not lower the costs of operation. A suggestion of an improved system is made.
Sick, F.
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation
This report summarizes the work performed by Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC during the October 2002 to December 2002 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a turbogenerator. The following activities have been carried out during this reporting period: {lg_bullet} Conceptual system design trade studies were performed {lg_bullet} Part-load performance analysis was conducted {lg_bullet} Primary system concept was down-selected {lg_bullet} Dynamic control model has been developed {lg_bullet} Preliminary heat exchanger designs were prepared {lg_bullet} Pressurized SOFC endurance testing was performed
Nguyen Minh; Faress Rahman
IDetachable, Human-Rated, Ablative Environmentally Compliant TPSLunar Surface Systems 2008 Phase II
Systems 2008 Phase II Proposal X8.01-8631 Lightweight Hybrid Ablator Incorporating Aerogel-Filled Open skeleton filled with a high temperature nanoscale aerogel insulator. Structural integrity and high insulation behavior have been demonstrated when used in combination with a non-ablating, coated carbon
Software system for simulation of electric power processes in photovoltaic-hybrid system
The software system for modeling and simulation of the processes of electric power conversion in Photovoltaic-hybrid energy system is described. The electrical models and characteristics of photovoltaic generator and other system components are included ... Keywords: PV-hybrid system, electric power simulation, programme models
Katerina Gabrovska; Andreas Wagner; Nikolay Mihailov
This report summarizes the work performed by Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC (HPGS) during the July 2003 to December 2003 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a micro-turbine. In addition, an activity included in this program focuses on the development of an integrated coal gasification fuel cell system concept based on planar SOFC technology. Also, another activity included in this program focuses on the development of SOFC scale up strategies.
Faress Rahman; Nguyen Minh
This report summarizes the work performed by Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC (HPGS) during the January to June 2004 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a micro-turbine. In addition, an activity included in this program focuses on the development of an integrated coal gasification fuel cell system concept based on planar SOFC technology. Also, another activity included in this program focuses on the development of SOFC scale up strategies.
Nguyen Minh
Hybrid energy system cost analysis: San Nicolas Island, California
This report analyzes the local wind resource and evaluates the costs and benefits of supplementing the current diesel-powered energy system on San Nicolas Island, California (SNI), with wind turbines. In Section 2.0 the SNI site, naval operations, and current energy system are described, as are the data collection and analysis procedures. Section 3.0 summarizes the wind resource data and analyses that were presented in NREL/TP 442-20231. Sections 4.0 and 5.0 present the conceptual design and cost analysis of a hybrid wind and diesel energy system on SNI, with conclusions following in Section 6. Appendix A presents summary pages of the hybrid system spreadsheet model, and Appendix B contains input and output files for the HYBRID2 program.
Olsen, T.L.; McKenna, E.
Hydrogen atom as a quantum-classical hybrid system
Hydrogen atom is studied as a quantum-classical hybrid system, where the proton is treated as a classical object while the electron is regarded as a quantum object. We use a well known mean-field approach to describe this hybrid hydrogen atom; the resulting dynamics for the electron and the proton is compared to their full quantum dynamics. The electron dynamics in the hybrid description is found to be only marginally different from its full quantum counterpart. The situation is very different for the proton: in the hybrid description, the proton behaves like a free particle; in the fully quantum description, the wave packet center of the proton orbits around the center of mass. Furthermore, we find that the failure to describe the proton dynamics properly can be regarded as a manifestation of the fact that there is no conservation of momentum in the mean-field hybrid approach. We expect that such a failure is a common feature for all existing approaches for quantum-classical hybrid systems of Born-Oppenheimer type.
Fei Zhan; Biao Wu
A hybrid-heating microwave oven provides the energy to heat small 10-gram samples of spent metal tritide storage bed material to release tenaciously held decay product {sup 3}He. Complete mass balance procedures require direct measurement of added or produced gases on a tritide bed, and over 1100 C is necessary to release deep trapped {sup 3}He. The decomposition of non-radioactive CaCO{sub 3} and the quantitative measurement of CO{sub 2} within 3% of stoichiometry demonstrate the capabilities of the apparatus to capture generated (released) gases.
Walters, T; Paul Burket, P; John Scogin, J
Electron-State Hybridization in Electron-State Hybridization in Heavy-Fermion Systems Electron-State Hybridization in Heavy-Fermion Systems Print Wednesday, 27 September 2006 00:00 Heavy-fermion systems are characterized by electrons with extremely large effective masses. The corresponding heavy-electron "quasiparticle" states are close to the Fermi energy and govern the thermodynamic, transport, and, in part, magnetic properties of these materials. In the case of rare-earth compounds, the quasiparticle states arise from the interactions (hybridization) of valence states with strongly localized 4f states. The question as to whether it is sufficient to treat the f states as localized impurities (single-impurity Anderson model) or whether the periodic crystal symmetry must be considered (periodic Anderson model) has been the subject of extensive debate. An international team of researchers from Germany, Ukraine, India, and the U.S. has performed angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) studies of the heavy-fermion system YbIr2Si2. The results show a strong momentum (directional) dependence of the hybridization that clearly rules out the single-impurity model in favor of the lattice model.
Multilevel splitting for reachability analysis of stochastic hybrid systems
Biochemical research is increasingly using formal modeling, simulation, and analysis methods to improve the understanding of complex systems. Probabilistic analysis techniques such as Monte Carlo methods can be used to determine reachability or safety ... Keywords: Monte Carlo, stochastic hybrid systems, variance reduction
Derek Riley; Xenofon Koutsoukos; Kasandra Riley
Hybrid checkpointing using emerging nonvolatile memories for future exascale systems
The scalability of future Massively Parallel Processing (MPP) systems is being severely challenged by high failure rates. Current centralized Hard Disk Drive (HDD) checkpointing results in overhead of 25% or more at petascale. Since systems become ... Keywords: Checkpoint, background checkpoint, checkpoint prototype, exascale, hybrid checkpoint, in-disk checkpoint, in-memory checkpoint, incremental checkpoint, optimum checkpoint model, petascale, phase-change memory
Xiangyu Dong; Yuan Xie; Naveen Muralimanohar; Norman P. Jouppi
ASGrid: autonomic management of hybrid sensor grid systems and applications
In this paper, we propose an autonomic management framework (ASGrid) to address the requirements of emerging large-scale applications in hybrid grid and sensor network systems. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first who proposed the ... Keywords: P2P, WSNs, autonomic computing, autonomic management, autonomic sensor grid, data aggregation, grid computing, hybrid distributed systems, key management, network security, peer computing, peer-to-, self-configuration, self-optimisation, self-protection, task scheduling, trust management, wireless sensor networks
Xiaolin Li; Xinxin Liu; Han Zhao; Huanyu Zhao; Nanyan Jiang; Manish Parashar
NSLS-II: Accelerator Systems Advisory Committee (ASAC)
construction, and operations of major accelerator systems. This group will advise the NSLS-II Associate Laboratory Director (ALD) and the NSLS-II Associate Director for...
Project Assessment and Reporting System (PARS II) | Department...
byDeputySecretaryPoneman17May2010.pdf More Documents & Publications Earned Value (EV) Analysis and Project Assessment & Reporting System (PARS II) PARS II Data Quality...
Hybrid approach to failure prediction for advanced computing systems |
Hybrid approach to failure prediction for advanced computing systems Hybrid approach to failure prediction for advanced computing systems January 8, 2014 Tweet EmailPrint "Fault tolerance is no longer an option but a necessity," states Franck Cappello, project manager of research on resilience at the extreme scale at Argonne National Laboratory. "And the ability to reliably predict failures can significantly reduce the overhead of fault-tolerance strategies and the recovery cost." In a special issue article in the International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications, Cappello and his colleagues at Argonne and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) discuss issues in failure prediction and present a new hybrid approach to overcome the limitations of current models. One popular way of building prediction models is to analyze log files,
may prove to be a limitation for realizing technologies for very high gradient accelerators. In this article, we present a scheme that uses a hybrid dielectric and iris-loaded...
Development of Integrated Motor Assist Hybrid System: Development of the 'Insight', a Personal Hybrid Coupe
This paper presents the technical approach used to design and develop the powerplant for the Honda Insight, a new motor assist hybrid vehicle with an overall development objective of just half the fuel consumption of the current Civic over a wide range of driving conditions. Fuel consumption of 35km/L (Japanese 10-15 mode), and 3.4L/100km (98/69/EC) was realized. To achieve this, a new Integrated Motor Assist (IMA) hybrid power plant system was developed, incorporating many new technologies for packaging and integrating the motor assist system and for improving engine thermal efficiency. This was developed in combination with a new lightweight aluminum body with low aerodynamic resistance. Environmental performance goals also included the simultaneous achievement of low emissions (half the Japanese year 2000 standards, and half the EU2000 standards), high efficiency, and recyclability. Full consideration was also given to key consumer attributes, including crash safety performance, handling, and driving performance.
Kaoru Aoki; Shigetaka Kuroda; Shigemasa Kajiwara; Hiromitsu Sato; Yoshio Yamamoto
Solar Central Receiver Hybrid Power Systems sodium-cooled receiver concept. Final report. Volume III. Appendices
The overall, long term objective of the Solar Central Receiver Hybrid Power System is to identify, characterize, and ultimately demonstrate the viability and cost effectiveness of solar/fossil, steam Rankine cycle, hybrid power systems that: (1) consist of a combined solar central receiver energy source and a nonsolar energy source at a single, common site, (2) may operate in the base, intermediate, and peaking capacity modes, (3) produce the rated output independent of variations in solar insolation, (4) provide a significant savings (50% or more) in fuel consumpton, and (5) produce power at the minimum possible cost in mills/kWh. It is essential that these hybrid concepts be technically feasible and economically competitive with other systems in the near to mid-term time period (1985-1990) on a commercial scale. The program objective for Phase I is to identify and conceptually characterize solar/fossil steam Rankine cycle, commercial-scale, power plant systems that are economically viable and technically feasible. This volume contains appendices to the conceptual design and systems analysis studies gien in Volume II, Books 1 and 2. (WHK)
This report summarizes the work performed by Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC (HPGS) under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC2601NT40779 for the US Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DoE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a gas turbine. A conceptual hybrid system design was selected for analysis and evaluation. The selected system is estimated to have over 65% system efficiency, a first cost of approximately $650/kW, and a cost of electricity of 8.4 cents/kW-hr. A control strategy and conceptual control design have been developed for the system. A number of SOFC module tests have been completed to evaluate the pressure impact to performance stability. The results show that the operating pressure accelerates the performance degradation. Several experiments were conducted to explore the effects of pressure on carbon formation. Experimental observations on a functioning cell have verified that carbon deposition does not occur in the cell at steam-to-carbon ratios lower than the steady-state design point for hybrid systems. Heat exchanger design, fabrication and performance testing as well as oxidation testing to support heat exchanger life analysis were also conducted. Performance tests of the prototype heat exchanger yielded heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics consistent with the heat exchanger specification. Multicell stacks have been tested and performance maps were obtained under hybrid operating conditions. Successful and repeatable fabrication of large (>12-inch diameter) planar SOFC cells was demonstrated using the tape calendering process. A number of large area cells and stacks were successfully performance tested at ambient and pressurized conditions. A 25 MW plant configuration was selected with projected system efficiency of over 65% and a factory cost of under $400/kW. The plant design is modular and can be scaled to both higher and lower plant power ratings. Integrated gasification fuel cell systems or IGFCs were developed and analyzed for plant sizes in excess of 200 MW. Two alternative integration configurations were selected with projected system efficiency of over 53% on a HHV basis, or about 10 percentage points higher than that of the state-of-the-art Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) systems.
Electron-State Hybridization in Heavy-Fermion Systems Print Electron-State Hybridization in Heavy-Fermion Systems Print Heavy-fermion systems are characterized by electrons with extremely large effective masses. The corresponding heavy-electron "quasiparticle" states are close to the Fermi energy and govern the thermodynamic, transport, and, in part, magnetic properties of these materials. In the case of rare-earth compounds, the quasiparticle states arise from the interactions (hybridization) of valence states with strongly localized 4f states. The question as to whether it is sufficient to treat the f states as localized impurities (single-impurity Anderson model) or whether the periodic crystal symmetry must be considered (periodic Anderson model) has been the subject of extensive debate. An international team of researchers from Germany, Ukraine, India, and the U.S. has performed angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) studies of the heavy-fermion system YbIr2Si2. The results show a strong momentum (directional) dependence of the hybridization that clearly rules out the single-impurity model in favor of the lattice model.
Hybrid System for fouling control in biomass boilers
Renewable energy sources are essential paths towards sustainable development and CO"2 emission reduction. For example, the European Union has set the target of achieving 22% of electricity generation from renewable sources by 2010. However, the extensive ... Keywords: Biomass, Boiler fouling, Hybrid system
Luis M. Romeo; Raquel Gareta
A hybrid system model of seasonal snowpack water balance
It is estimated that seasonal snow cover is the primary source of water supply for over 60 million people in the western United States. Informed decision making, which ensures reliable and equitable distribution of this limited water resource, thus needs ... Keywords: hybrid systems, hydrology, snowmelt, water resources
Branko Kerkez; Steven D. Glaser; John A. Dracup; Roger C. Bales
Borazine-boron nitride hybrid hydrogen storage system
A hybrid hydrogen storage composition includes a first phase and a second phase adsorbed on the first phase, the first phase including BN for storing hydrogen by physisorption and the second phase including a borazane-borazine system for storing hydrogen in combined form as a hydride.
Narula, Chaitanya K. (Knoxville, TN); Simonson, J. Michael (Knoxville, TN); Maya, Leon (Knoxville, TN); Paine, Robert T. (Albuquerque, NM)
Analysis of hybrid power system incorporating squirrel cage induction generators
This paper presents generic model of hybrid power system consisting in a combined solution one wind turbine with asynchronous generator and on hydro generator with synchronous machine. This technology was developed by to reduce the cost of supplying ... Keywords: asynchronous generator, homer, optimal design, renewable energy, variable speed generation, voltage and frequency controller, water flow
Sorin Ioan Deaconu; Marcel Topor; Gabriel Nicolae Popa; Diana Bistrian
Hybrid rough sets intelligent system architecture for survival analysis
Survival analysis challenges researchers because of two issues. First, in practice, the studies do not span wide enough to collect all survival times of each individual patient. All of these patients require censor variables and cannot be analyzed without ... Keywords: Kaplan-Meier method, hybrid intelligent systems, reducts, rough sets, soft computing, survival analysis
Puntip Pattaraintakorn; Nick Cercone; Kanlaya Naruedomkul
Research on the Hybrid Clean Energy Power System
This paper aims to design a hybrid clean energy power system with 3kW by utilizing the complementarities between the clean energies, or with and other energies. It unites the solar photovoltaic (PV) , the wind power, batteries and the diesel generator ... Keywords: clean energy, DC-DC controller, power management, BMS
Chun Wang, Zuhua Fang, Tingting Hong, Wen Lv, Ying Sun, Hongbing Xu, Jiajia Li, Younan Wang, Peiying Han
1978 source book for fusion--fission hybrid systems
This study summarizes the promise and timing of the hybrid concept and culminates in a generic R and D timetable. This document emphasizes the meaningfulness of the concept to tomorrow's energy needs and energy production systems rather than strict analysis of technical feasibility. (MOW)
Crowley, J.H.; Pavlenco, G.F.; Kaminski, R.S.
This report summarizes the work performed by Honeywell during the October 2001 to December 2001 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a turbogenerator. The conceptual and demonstration system designs were proposed and analyzed, and these systems have been modeled in Aspen Plus. Work has also started on the assembly of dynamic component models and the development of the top-level controls requirements for the system. SOFC stacks have been fabricated and performance mapping initiated.
Kurt Montgomery; Nguyen Minh
Hybrid two fuel system nozzle with a bypass connecting the two fuel systems
A hybrid fuel combustion nozzle for use with natural gas, syngas, or other types of fuels. The hybrid fuel combustion nozzle may include a natural gas system with a number of swozzle vanes and a syngas system with a number of co-annular fuel tubes.
Varatharajan, Balachandar (Cincinnati, OH); Ziminsky, Willy Steve (Simpsonville, SC); Yilmaz, Ertan (Albany, NY); Lacy, Benjamin (Greer, SC); Zuo, Baifang (Simpsonville, SC); York, William David (Greer, SC)
This report summarizes the work performed by Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC during the January 2003 to June 2003 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a micro-turbine. In addition, an activity included in this program focuses on the development of an integrated coal gasification fuel cell system concept based on planar SOFC technology. This report summarizes the results obtained to date on: System performance analysis and model optimization; Reliability and cost model development; System control including dynamic model development; Heat exchanger material tests and life analysis; Pressurized SOFC evaluation; and Pre-baseline system definition for coal gasification fuel cell system concept.
Sandia National Laboratories Hybrid System for Separating ...
Oil and gas Refining ... delivering oxygen gas at purities greater than 98 percent and flow rates significantly greater than commercially available systems.
Abstract. Ecological and socioeconomic factors determine high interest in the development of pollution-free vehicles. At present use of electro-vehicles is suppressed by a number of technological factors. Vehicles with alternative powertrains are transitional stage between development of pollution-free vehicles and vehicles with conventional internal combustion engine. According to these aspects the investigation on conventional hybrid drives and their control systems is carried out in the article. The equations that allow evaluating effectiveness of regenerative braking for different variants of hybrid drive are given. The AMESim software is used as the modeling environment, in which models of hybrid vehicles are developed and the results of virtual simulation are analyzed. Also a number of recommendations for increasing of regenerative braking effectiveness are given.
Siarhei Kliauzovich
PAMPA II Advanced Charting System
Project Management is the primary key to successful software development. In 1995 Caper Jones stated that the failure or cancellation rate of large software systems was over 20% in his article on patterns of large software systems. More than two thirds of the projects fail due to improper management of skills, activities, and personnel. One main reason is that software is not a tangible entity and is hard to visualize and hence to monitor. A manager has to be skilled in different CASE tools and technologies to track and manage a software development process successfully. The volume of results produced by these CASE tools is so huge that a high level manager cannot look into all the details. He has to get a high level picture of the project, to know where the project is heading, and if needed, then look into the finer level details by drilling down to locate and correct problems. The objective of this thesis is to build an Advanced Charting System (ACS), which would act as a companion to PAMPA 2 (Project Attribute Monitoring and Prediction Associate) and help a manager visualize the state of a software project over a standard World Wide Web browser. The PAMPA 2 ACS will be responsible for visualizing and tracking of resources, tasks, schedules and milestones of a software project described in the plan. PAMPA 2 ACS will have the ability to depict the status of the project through a variety of graphs and charts. PAMPA 2 ACS implements a novel charting technique called as DOT Chart to track the processes and activities of a software project. PAMPA 2 ACS provides a multilevel view of the project status. PAMPA 2 ACS will be able to track any arbitrary plan starting from a collapsed / concise view of a whole project. This can be further drilled down to the lowest level of detail. The status can be viewed at the project version level, plan and workbreakdown levels, process, sub process, and activity level. Among all the process models, the DOT charts can be applied effectively to spiral process model where each spiral represents a project version.
Inbarajan, Prabhu Anand
Engineering functional artificial hybrid proteins between poplar peroxiredoxin II and glutaredoxin or thioredoxin
The existence of natural peroxiredoxin-glutaredoxin hybrid enzymes in several bacteria is in line with previous findings indicating that poplar peroxiredoxin II can use glutaredoxin as an electron donor. This peroxiredoxin remains however unique since it also uses thioredoxin with a quite good efficiency. Based on the existing fusions, we have created artificial enzymes containing a poplar peroxiredoxin module linked to glutaredoxin or thioredoxin modules. The recombinant fusion enzymes folded properly into non-covalently bound homodimers or homotetramers. Two of the three protein constructs exhibit peroxidase activity, a reaction where the two modules need to function together, but they also display enzymatic activities specific of each module. In addition, mass spectrometry analyses indicate that the Prx module can be both glutathiolated or overoxidized in vitro. This is discussed in the light of the Prx reactivity.
Rouhier, Nicolas [UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres Microorganismes INRA UHP, IFR 110 GEEF, Faculte des Sciences, BP 239 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex (France)]. E-mail: email@example.com; Gama, Filipe [UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres Microorganismes INRA UHP, IFR 110 GEEF, Faculte des Sciences, BP 239 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex (France); Wingsle, Gunnar [Umea Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, SE-901 83 Umea (Sweden); Gelhaye, Eric [UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres Microorganismes INRA UHP, IFR 110 GEEF, Faculte des Sciences, BP 239 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex (France); Gans, Pierre [Laboratoire de Resonance Magnetique Nucleaire, Institut de Biologie Structurale CEA-CNRS-UJF 'Jean-Pierre Ebel' 41 Avenue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble Cedex 1 (France); Jacquot, Jean-Pierre [UMR 1136 Interactions Arbres Microorganismes INRA UHP, IFR 110 GEEF, Faculte des Sciences, BP 239 54506 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy Cedex (France)
A battery control system for controlling a state of charge of a hybrid vehicle battery includes a detecting arrangement for determining a vehicle operating state or an intended vehicle operating state and a controller for setting a target state of charge level of the battery based on the vehicle operating state or the intended vehicle operating state. The controller is operable to set a target state of charge level at a first level during a mobile vehicle operating state and at a second level during a stationary vehicle operating state or in anticipation of the vehicle operating in the stationary vehicle operating state. The invention further includes a method for controlling a state of charge of a hybrid vehicle battery.
Bockelmann, Thomas R. (Battle Creek, MI); Beaty, Kevin D. (Kalamazoo, MI); Zou, Zhanijang (Battle Creek, MI); Kang, Xiaosong (Battle Creek, MI)
This report summarizes the work performed by Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC (HPGS) during the April to October 2004 reporting period in Task 2.3 (SOFC Scaleup for Hybrid and Fuel Cell Systems) under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL), entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. This study analyzes the performance and economics of power generation systems for central power generation application based on Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) technology and fueled by natural gas. The main objective of this task is to develop credible scale up strategies for large solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine systems. System concepts that integrate a SOFC with a gas turbine were developed and analyzed for plant sizes in excess of 20 MW. A 25 MW plant configuration was selected with projected system efficiency of over 65% and a factory cost of under $400/kW. The plant design is modular and can be scaled to both higher and lower plant power ratings. Technology gaps and required engineering development efforts were identified and evaluated.
David Deangelis; Rich Depuy; Debashis Dey; Georgia Karvountzi; Nguyen Minh; Max Peter; Faress Rahman; Pavel Sokolov; Deliang Yang
Towards sensitivity analysis of hybrid systems using simulink
In the design of engineered systems two types of models are used: (i) analysis models and (ii) system models. The system models are primary deliverables between design stages whereas analysis models are employed within a design stage. Sensitivity analysis ... Keywords: sensitivity analysis, simulation, verification
Zhi Han; Pieter J. Mosterman
Battery control strategy Diesel generator Fuel consumption Hybrid system
Standalone diesel generators (DGs) are widely utilized in remote areas in Indonesia. Some areas use microhydro (MH) systems with DGs backup. However, highly diesel fuel price makes such systems become uneconomical. This paper introduces hybrid photovoltaic (PV)/MH/DG/battery systems with a battery control strategy to minimize the diesel fuel consumption. The method is applied to control the state of charge (SOC) level of the battery based on its previous level and the demand load condition to optimize the DG operation. Simulation results show that operations of the hybrid PV/MH/DG/battery with the battery control strategy needs less fuel consumption than PV/MH/DG and MH/DG systems.
Ayong Hiendro; Yohannes M. Simanjuntak
This report summarizes the work performed by Honeywell during the January 2002 to March 2002 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a turbogenerator. For this reporting period the following activities have been carried out: {lg_bullet} Conceptual system design trade studies were performed {lg_bullet} System-level performance model was created {lg_bullet} Dynamic control models are being developed {lg_bullet} Mechanical properties of candidate heat exchanger materials were investigated {lg_bullet} SOFC performance mapping as a function of flow rate and pressure was completed
Hybrid Power System with a Controlled Energy Storage: Preprint
We investigated a small isolated hybrid power system that used two types of power generation; wind turbine and diesel generation. The interaction of diesel generation, the wind turbine, and the local load is complicated because both the load and the wind turbine fluctuate during the day. These fluctuations create imbalances in power distribution (energy sources are not equal to energy sinks) that can affect the frequency and the voltage in the power system. The addition of energy storage will help balance the distribution of power in the power network. For this paper, we studied the interaction among hybrid power system components and the relative size of the components. We also show how the contribution of wind energy affects the entire power system and distribution and the role of energy storage under the transient conditions caused by load changes and wind turbine start ups.
Muljadi, E.; Bialasiewicz, J. T.
Robust execution for stochastic hybrid systems
Unmanned systems, such as Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), planetary rovers and space probes, have enormous potential in areas such as reconnaissance and space exploration. However the effectiveness and robustness ...
Blackmore, Lars James Christopher
Hybrid refrigeration/sorption solar-cooling systems
The hybrid refrigeration/sorption concept is a technically feasible approach to solar cooling which has not yet been systematically evaluated. Various system configurations are possible, each with advantages and disadvantages relative to the others, and with respect to solar cooling systems based on the individual absorption, Rankine, and desiccant technologies. Conventional cooling and dehumidification, sorption dehumidification, and the effects on the refrigeration unit of adding a dehumidifier are discussed.
Curran, H.M.
The D0 run II trigger system
The D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron was upgraded for Run II. This upgrade included improvements to the trigger system in order to be able to handle the increased Tevatron luminosity and higher bunch crossing rates compared to Run I. The D0 Run II trigger is a highly exible system to select events to be written to tape from an initial interaction rate of about 2.5 MHz. This is done in a three-tier pipelined, buffered system. The first tier (level 1) processes fast detector pick-off signals in a hardware/firmware based system to reduce the event rate to about 1. 5kHz. The second tier (level 2) uses information from level 1 and forms simple Physics objects to reduce the rate to about 850 Hz. The third tier (level 3) uses full detector readout and event reconstruction on a filter farm to reduce the rate to 20-30 Hz. The D0 trigger menu contains a wide variety of triggers. While the emphasis is on triggering on generic lepton and jet final states, there are also trigger terms for specific final state signatures. In this document we describe the D0 trigger system as it was implemented and is currently operating in Run II.
Schwienhorst, Reinhard; /Michigan State U.
Energy Storage System Considerations for Grid-Charged Hybrid Electric Vehicles (Presentation)
Provides an overview of a study regarding energy storage system considerations for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle.
Markel, T.; Simpson, A.
Hybrid energy storage system integration for vehicles
Energy consumption and the associated environmental impact are a pressing challenge faced by the transportation sector. Emerging electric-drive vehicles have shown promises for substantial reductions in petroleum use and vehicle emissions. Their success, ... Keywords: analysis, electric-drive vehicles, energy storage systems
Jia Wang; Kun Li; Qin Lv; Hai Zhou; Li Shang
This report summarizes the work performed by Honeywell during the July 2001 to September 2001 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a turbogenerator. An internal program kickoff was held at Honeywell in Torrance, CA. The program structure was outlined and the overall technical approach for the program was presented to the team members. Detail program schedules were developed and detailed objectives were defined. Initial work has begun on the system design and pressurized SOFC operation.
Plasmon hybridization in parallel nano-wire systems
We apply the plasmon hybridization method to a double-nano-wire system, providing a simple and intuitive description of the plasmon excitations in the system. We apply the two-center cylindrical coordinate system for mathematical convenience and find an explicit form of the surface plasmon oscillations, in terms of the interaction between the bare plasmon modes of the individual surfaces of the nano-wires. We present numerical results to display how the plasmon excitations of the system depend on nano-wire separation when there is no angular momentum transfer, i.e., when m = 0.
Moradi, Afshin [Department of Nano Science, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah 67178-63766 (Iran, Islamic Republic of) and Department of Nano Science, Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics (IPM), Tehran 19395-5531 (Iran, Islamic Republic of)
Study on Zero CO2 Emission SOFC Hybrid Power System with Steam Injection
Based on a traditional SOFC hybrid power system, a zero CO2 emission SOFC hybrid power system with steam injection is proposed in this paper and its performance is analyzed. Oxy-fuel combustion can burn the fuel gas from anode thoroughly, and increases ... Keywords: solid oxide fuel cell, Aspen Plus, hybrid power system, zero CO2 emission, steam injection
Liqiang Duan; Xiaoyuan Zhang; Yongping Yang; Gang Xu
Optimal Design of Hybrid Energy System with PV/ Wind Turbine/ Storage: A Case Study
Optimal Design of Hybrid Energy System with PV/ Wind Turbine/ Storage: A Case Study Rui Huang development of photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine and battery technologies, hybrid energy system has received of the hybrid energy system that consists of PV arrays, wind turbines and battery storage and use that to define
Low, Steven H.
Project Assessment and Reporting System (PARS II) | Department of Energy
Project Assessment and Reporting System (PARS II) Project Assessment and Reporting System (PARS II) Project Assessment and Reporting System (PARS II) Welcome to PARS II PARS II is the Department's official "System of Record" for capital asset project performance information. Because PARS II uses the same data as maintained in our contractors' project management systems, everyone from the Federal Project Director's staff to the Secretary of Energy will have easy access to the same data. The PARS II software application is managed by the MA Office of Engineering and Construction Management and is used by federal and contractor personnel across the nation to record and track the progress of major construction and environmental cleanup projects. Questions or comments about PARS II should be directed to the PARS II Help
Hybrid and electric advanced vehicle systems (heavy) simulation. Final report
A computer program to simulate hybrid and electric advanced vehicle systems (HEAVY) is described. It is intended for use early in the design process: concept evaluation, alternative comparison, preliminary design, control and management strategy development, component sizing, and sensitivity studies. It allows the designer to quickly, conveniently, and economically predict the performance of a proposed drive train. The user defines the system to be simulated using a library of predefined component models that may be connected to represent a wide variety of propulsion systems. The development of three models are discussed as examples.
Hammond, R.A.; McGehee, R.K.
Evaluation of the 2007 Toyota Camry Hybrid Syneregy Drive System
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and American automotive manufacturers General Motors, Ford, and DaimlerChrysler began a five-year, cost-shared partnership in 1993. Currently, hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) research and development is conducted by DOE through its FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies (FCVT) program. The mission of the FCVT program is to develop more energy efficient and environmentally friendly highway transportation technologies. Program activities include research, development, demonstration, testing, technology validation, and technology transfer. These activities are aimed at developing technologies that can be domestically produced in a clean and cost-competitive manner. Under the FCVT program, support is provided through a three-phase approach [1] which is intended to: • Identify overall propulsion and vehicle-related needs by analyzing programmatic goals and reviewing industry's recommendations and requirements, then develop the appropriate technical targets for systems, subsystems, and component research and development activities; • Develop and validate individual subsystems and components, including electric motors, emission control devices, battery systems, power electronics, accessories, and devices to reduce parasitic losses; and • Determine how well the components and subassemblies work together in a vehicle environment or as a complete propulsion system and whether the efficiency and performance targets at the vehicle level have been achieved. The research performed in this area will help remove technical and cost barriers to enable technology for use in such advanced vehicles as hybrid electric, plug-in hybrid electric, electric, and fuel-cell-powered vehicles.
Burress, T.A.; Coomer, C.L.; Campbell, S.L.; Seiber, L.E.; Marlino, L.D.; Staunton, R.H.; Cunningham, J.P.
Control system design for a parallel hybrid electric vehicle
This thesis addresses the design of control systems for a parallel hybrid electric drive train which is an alternative to conventional passenger vehicles. The principle components of the drive train are a small internal combustion engine and an electric machine. In the parallel configuration, both devices can apply torque directly to the drive shaft for propelling the vehicle. A low order drive train model is developed which is used during the controller design and overall system simulations. The model is composed of sub-models for the engine, mechanical brake, electric machine, converter, battery, drive shaft with gears, and road load with wind resistance. The model yields results which are rough approximations of component performance and are appropriate for a top level drive train control study. In order to mimic the controls of a conventional car, the hybrid vehicle controller must insure that the torque command given by the user through the accelerator and brake pedal is tracked by the hybrid drive train without error. In this thesis two control systems are designed which enable the drive train to emulate conventional vehicle performance by meeting torque commands. The first control design maximizes the battery state-of-charge by minimizing the torque contribution of the electric machine. The second control design includes a cost parameter allowing the user to specify the appropriate tradeoff between a high state-of-charge and increased fuel savings. Simulation results verify that both controllers achieve the design objectives. Results also suggest that under proper control the parallel hybrid drive train can offer equal performance and range to a conventional passenger vehicle with improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions.
Buntin, David Leighton
Intelligent robust control of hybrid distributed generation system under voltage sag
In this paper, design of control strategy for hybrid fuel cell/energy storage distributed power generation system during voltage sag has been presented. The proposed control strategy allows hybrid distributed generation system works properly when a voltage ... Keywords: Energy storage, Fuel cell, Fuzzy sliding control, Hybrid distributed generation, Lyapanov, Neuro-fuzzy, Voltage sag
Amin Hajizadeh; Masoud Aliakbar Golkar
Mild Hybrid System in Combination with Waste Heat Recovery for Commercial Vehicles.
?? Performance of two different waste heat recovery systems (one based on Rankine cycle and the other one using thermoelectricity) combined with non-hybrid, mild-hybrid and… (more)
Namakian, Mohsen
Modeling and analysis of hybrid geothermal-solar thermal energy conversion systems
Innovative solar-geothermal hybrid energy conversion systems were developed for low enthalpy geothermal resources augmented with solar energy. The goal is to find cost-effective hybrid power cycles that take advantage of ...
Greenhut, Andrew David
US Energy Initiatives Corp formerly Hybrid Fuel Systems Inc | Open Energy
US Energy Initiatives Corp formerly Hybrid Fuel Systems Inc US Energy Initiatives Corp formerly Hybrid Fuel Systems Inc Jump to: navigation, search Name US Energy Initiatives Corp (formerly Hybrid Fuel Systems Inc) Place Tampa, Florida Zip 33637 Product Holds patented natural gas/diesel dual fuel technology. References US Energy Initiatives Corp (formerly Hybrid Fuel Systems Inc)[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. US Energy Initiatives Corp (formerly Hybrid Fuel Systems Inc) is a company located in Tampa, Florida . References ↑ "US Energy Initiatives Corp (formerly Hybrid Fuel Systems Inc)" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=US_Energy_Initiatives_Corp_formerly_Hybrid_Fuel_Systems_Inc&oldid=352601"
The CDMS II data acquisition system
The Data Acquisition System for the CDMS II dark matter experiment was designed and built when the experiment moved to its new underground installation at the Soudan Lab. The combination of remote operation and increased data load necessitated a completely new design. Elements of the original LabView system remained as stand-alone diagnostic programs, but the main data processing moved to a VME-based system with custom electronics for signal conditioning, trigger formation and buffering. The data rate was increased 100-fold and the automated cryogenic system was linked to the data acquisition. A modular server framework with associated user interfaces was implemented in Java to allow control and monitoring of the entire experiment remotely.
Bauer, D.A.; /Fermilab; Burke, S.; /UC, Santa Barbara; Cooley, J.; /Southern Methodist U.; Crisler, M.; /Fermilab; Cushman, P.; /Minnesota U.; DeJongh, F.; /Fermilab; Duong, L.; /Minnesota U.; Ferril, R.; /UC, Santa Barbara; Golwala, S.R.; /Caltech; Hall, J.; /Fermilab; Holmgren, D.; /Fermilab /Texas A-M
Hybrid Plasma Reactor/Filter for Transportable Collective Protection Systems
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) has performed an assessment of a Hybrid Plasma/Filter system as an alternative to conventional methods for collective protection. The key premise of the hybrid system is to couple a nonthermal plasma (NTP) reactor with reactive adsorption to provide a broader envelope of protection than can be provided through a single-solution approach. The first step uses highly reactive species (e.g. oxygen radicals, hydroxyl radicals, etc.) created in a nonthermal plasma (NTP) reactor to destroy the majority (~75% - 90%) of an incoming threat. Following the NTP reactor an O3 reactor/filter uses the O3 created in the NTP reactor to further destroy the remaining organic materials. This report summarizes the laboratory development of the Hybrid Plasma Reactor/Filter to protect against a 'worst-case' simulant, methyl bromide (CH3Br), and presents a preliminary engineering assessment of the technology to Joint Expeditionary Collective Protection performance specifications for chemical vapor air purification technologies.
Josephson, Gary B.; Tonkyn, Russell G.; Frye, J. G.; Riley, Brian J.; Rappe, Kenneth G.
Wind-Diesel Hybrid Systems for Russia's Northern Territories
This paper will summarize the DOE/Russian Ministry of Fuel and Energy (MF and E) activities in Russia's Northern Territories in the field of hybrid wind-diesel power systems over the last three years (1997-1999). The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) supplied technical assistance to the project, including resource assessment, system design, site identification, training and system monitoring. As a result, several wind-diesel systems have been installed and are operating in the Arkhangelsk/Murmansk regions and in Chukotka. NREL designed and provided sets of data acquisition equipment to monitor several of the first pilot wind-diesel systems. NREL's computer simulation models are being used for performance data analysis and optimizing of future system configurations.
Gevorgian, V.; Touryan, K. [National Renewable Energy Laboratory (US); Bezrukikh, P. [Ministry of Fuel and Energy of Russian Federation (RU); Bezrukikh, P. Jr.; Karghiev, V. [Intersolarcenter
Design of a power management model for a solar/fuel cell hybrid energy system.
??This thesis proposes a Power Management Model (PMM) for optimization of several green power generation systems. A Photovoltaic/Fuel cell Hybrid Energy System (PFHES) consisting of… (more)
Melendez, Rosana.
Spatially hybrid computations for streamer discharges: II. Fully 3D simulations
We recently have presented first physical predictions of a spatially hybrid model that follows the evolution of a negative streamer discharge in full three spatial dimensions; our spatially hybrid model couples a particle model in the high field region ... Keywords: Hybrid model, Multiscale, Streamer discharge
Chao Li; Ute Ebert; Willem Hundsdorfer
MHK Technologies/Hybrid System | Open Energy Information
System System < MHK Technologies Jump to: navigation, search << Return to the MHK database homepage Hybrid System.jpg Technology Profile Primary Organization Ryokuseisha Corporation Technology Resource Click here Wave Technology Type Click here Point Absorber - Floating Technology Readiness Level Click here TRL 5 6 System Integration and Technology Laboratory Demonstration Technology Description To take advantage of wave power and solar power to provide a stable power source a Wave Activated Generator was combined with a solar battery In stormy the wave activated generator is used and in fair weather solar battery is used to provide a power supply with a high output This is used as the power source for measuring instruments on the islands off the power source for measuring instruments on the islands off the southernmost coast of Japan and for the buoy of the United States Coast Guard and TRINITY HOUSE LIGHTHOUSES SERVICE
Structuring of Large-scale Complex Hybrid Systems: from Illustrative Analysis toward Modelization
System structuring is paramount to the development of large-scale complex hybrid systems (LCHS). However, there is no well-established and effective methodology for the structuring of LCHS. Using the approach of illustrating and abstracting, this paper ... Keywords: autonomous system, block-diagram-based model, distributed system, hierarchical system, large-scale complex hybrid system (LCHS), multiple gradation, nested system, nesting, perception–decision link, system geometry, system modelization, system structuring
Huaglory Tianfield
The Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and Gas Turbine (GT) Systems Steady State Modeling
The Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and Gas Turbine (GT) Systems Steady State Modeling Penyarat plants offer high cycle efficiencies. In this work a hybrid solid oxide fuel cell and gas turbine power, Gas turbine, Hybrid, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell hal-00703135,version1-31May2012 Author manuscript
Control System Development for an Advanced-Technology Medium-Duty Hybrid Electric Truck
03TB-45 Control System Development for an Advanced-Technology Medium-Duty Hybrid Electric Truck and vehicle test results for a medium-duty hybrid electric truck are reported in this paper. The design the benchmark vehicle. INTRODUCTION Hybrid powertrain is among the most visible transportation technology
Grizzle, Jessy W.
Control system and method for a hybrid electric vehicle
Several control methods are presented for application in a hybrid electric vehicle powertrain including in various embodiments an engine, a motor/generator, a transmission coupled at an input thereof to receive torque from the engine and the motor generator coupled to augment torque provided by the engine, an energy storage device coupled to receive energy from and provide energy to the motor/generator, an engine controller (EEC) coupled to control the engine, a transmission controller (TCM) coupled to control the transmission and a vehicle system controller (VSC) adapted to control the powertrain.
Tamor, Michael Alan (Toledo, OH)
Coil system for a mirror-based hybrid reactor
Two different superconducting coil systems for the SFLM Hybrid study - a quadrupolar mirror based fusion-fission reactor study - are presented. One coil system is for a magnetic field with 2 T at the midplane and a mirror ratio of four. This coil set consists of semiplanar coils in two layers. The alternative coil system is for a downscaled magnetic field of 1.25 T at the midplane and a mirror ratio of four, where a higher {beta} is required to achieve sufficient the neutron production. This coil set has one layer of twisted 3D coils. The 3D coils are expected to be considerably cheaper than the semiplanar, since NbTi superconductors can be used for most coils instead of Nb3Sn due to the lower magnetic field.
Hagnestal, A.; Agren, O.; Moiseenko, V. E. [Uppsala University, Angstroem laboratory, Division of Electricity, Box 534, SE-751 21 Uppsala (Sweden); Institute of Plasma Physics, National Science Center 'Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology', Akademichna st. 1, 61108 Kharkiv (Ukraine)
Design of novel hybrid controller for automatic generation control of hydrothermal system under open market scenario
This paper presents the analysis of Automatic generation control (AGC) of a two-area hydrothermal system under open market scenario by considering a novel hybrid controller which combines the principles of variable structure controller (VSC) and conventional ... Keywords: AGC, VSC, deregulated system, hybrid controller, hydrothermal system, open market system
C. Srinivasa Rao; S. Siva Nagaraju; P. Sangameswara Raju
Evaluation of 2005 Honda Accord Hybrid Electric Drive System
The Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) program officially began in 1993 as a five-year, cost-shared partnership between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and American auto manufacturers: General Motors, Ford, and Daimler Chrysler. Currently, HEV research and development is conducted by DOE through its FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies (FCVT) program. The mission of the FCVT program is to develop more energy efficient and environmentally friendly highway transportation technologies. Program activities include research, development, demonstration, testing, technology validation, and technology transfer. These activities are aimed at developing technologies that can be domestically produced in a clean and cost-competitive manner. The vehicle systems technologies subprogram, which is one of four subprograms under the FCVT program, supports the efforts of the FreedomCAR through a three-phase approach [1] intended to: (1) Identify overall propulsion and vehicle-related needs by analyzing programmatic goals and reviewing industry's recommendations and requirements, then develop the appropriate technical targets for systems, subsystems, and component research and development activities; (2) Develop and validate individual subsystems and components, including electric motors, emission control devices, battery systems, power electronics, accessories, and devices to reduce parasitic losses; and (3) Determine how well the components and subassemblies work together in a vehicle environment or as a complete propulsion system and whether the efficiency and performance targets at the vehicle level have been achieved. The research performed under the vehicle systems subprogram will help remove technical and cost barriers to enable technology for use in such advanced vehicles as hybrid electric, plug-in electric, and fuel-cell-powered vehicles.
Staunton, R.H.; Burress, T.A.; Marlino, L.D.
Modeling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine Hybrid Systems.
?? There is a growing interest in fuel cells for hybrid system. Fuel cells when combined with conventional turbine power plants offer high fuel efficiencies.… (more)
Srivastava, Nischal
Battery management system for Li-Ion batteries in hybrid electric vehicles.
??The Battery Management System (BMS) is the component responsible for the effcient and safe usage of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) battery pack. Its main… (more)
Marangoni, Giacomo
Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Storage System Design: Preprint
This paper discusses the design options for a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, including power, energy, and operating strategy as they relate to the energy storage system.
Viability Of Hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump System With Solar Thermal Collectors.
??This thesis presents a study for examining the viability of hybrid ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems that use solar thermal collectors as the supplemental… (more)
Rad, Farzin M.
Timed Petri Nets in Hybrid Systems: Stability and SupervisoryControl
In this paper, timed Petri nets are used to model and control hybrid systems. Petri nets are used instead of finite automata primarily because of the advantages they offer in dealing with concurrency and complexity issues. A brief overview of existing results ... Keywords: hybrid systems, stability, supervisory control, switched systems, timed Petri nets
Xenofon D. Koutsoukos; Kevin X. He; Michael D. Lemmon; Panos J. Antsaklis
Dynamic programming for constrained optimal control of discrete-time linear hybrid systems
In this paper we study the solution to optimal control problems for constrained discrete-time linear hybrid systems based on quadratic or linear performance criteria. The aim of the paper is twofold. First, we give basic theoretical results on the structure ... Keywords: Dynamic programming, Hybrid systems, Multiparametric programming, Optimal control, Piecewise affine systems
Francesco Borrelli; Mato Baoti?; Alberto Bemporad; Manfred Morari
ENERGY MODELING OF A LEAD-ACID BATTERY WITHIN HYBRID WIND / PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS O. GERGAUD, G Abstract: Within the scope of full-scale energy modeling of a hybrid wind / photovoltaic system coupled / photovoltaic production system coupled to the network grid (with energy storage) ENERGY MODELING OF A LEAD
Balanced reconfiguration of storage banks in a hybrid electrical energy storage system
Compared with the conventional homogeneous electrical energy storage (EES) systems, hybrid electrical energy storage (HEES) systems provide high output power and energy density as well as high power conversion efficiency and low self-discharge at a low ... Keywords: bank reconfiguration, hybrid electrical energy storage system
Younghyun Kim; Sangyoung Park; Yanzhi Wang; Qing Xie; Naehyuck Chang; Massimo Poncino; Massoud Pedram
Combining artificial neural networks and heuristic rules in a hybrid intelligent load forecast system
In this work, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is combined to Heuristic Rules producing a powerful hybrid intelligent system for short and mid-term electric load forecasting. The Heuristic Rules are used to adjust the ANN output to improve the system ... Keywords: artificial neural networks, electric load forecast, heuristic rules, hybrid system
Ronaldo R. B. de Aquino; Aida A. Ferreira; Manoel A. Carvalho, Jr.; Milde M. S. Lira; Geane B. Silva; Otoni Nóbrega Neto
Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Hybrid Power Systems Based on Renewable Energy
This paper describes dynamic modeling and simulation results of a renewable energy based hybrid power system. The paper focuses on the combination of solar cell (SC), wind turbine (WT), fuel cell (FC) and ultra-capacitor (UC) systems for power generation. ... Keywords: fuel cell, hybrid power system, renewable energy, solar cell, ultra-capacitor, wind turbine
Teng-Fa Tsao; Po-Hung Chen; Hung-Cheng Chen
A novel hybrid AI system framework for crude oil price forecasting
In this study, a novel hybrid AI system framework is developed by means of a systematic integration of artificial neural networks (ANN) and rulebased expert system (RES) with web-based text mining (WTM) techniques. Within the hybrid AI system framework, ...
Shouyang Wang; Lean Yu; K. K. Lai
Hybrid System Design for Formations of Autonomous Vehicles
Cooperative control of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) poses significant theoretical and technical challenges. Recent advances in sensing, communication and computation enable the conduct of cooperative multiple-UAV missions deemed impossible in the recent past. We are interested in solving the Formation Reconfiguration Planning (FRP) problem which is focused on determining a nominal state and input trajectory for each vehicle such that the group can start from the given initial configuration and reach its given final configuration at the specified time while satisfying a set of given inter- and intra- vehicle constraints. Each solution of a FRP problem represents a distinct reconfiguration mode. When coupled with formation keeping modes, they can form a hybrid automaton of formation maneuvers in which a transition from one formation maneuver to another formation maneuver is governed by a finite automaton. This paper focuses on the implementation of the optimized hybrid system approach to formation reconfiguration for a group of 1 real and 3 virtual UAVs. Experimental results performed in the Richmond Field Station by using a helicopter-based Berkeley Aerial Robot are presented. 1
Shannon Zelinski; T. John Koo; Shankar Sastry
Use of a hybrid technology in a critical security system.
Assigning an acceptable level of power reliability in a security system environment requires a methodical approach to design when considering the alternatives tied to the reliability and life of the system. The downtime for a piece of equipment, be it for failure, routine maintenance, replacement, or refurbishment or connection of new equipment is a major factor in determining the reliability of the overall system. In addition to these factors is the condition where the system is static or dynamic in its growth. Most highly reliable security power source systems are supplied by utility power with uninterruptable power source (UPS) and generator backup. The combination of UPS and generator backup with a reliable utility typically provides full compliance to security requirements. In the energy market and from government agencies, there is growing pressure to utilize alternative sources of energy other than fossil fuel to increase the number of local generating systems to reduce dependence on remote generating stations and cut down on carbon effects to the environment. There are also conditions where a security system may be limited on functionality due to lack of utility power in remote locations. One alternative energy source is a renewable energy hybrid system including a photovoltaic or solar system with battery bank and backup generator set. This is a viable source of energy in the residential and commercial markets where energy management schemes can be incorporated and systems are monitored and maintained regularly. But, the reliability of this source could be considered diminished when considering the security system environment where stringent uptime requirements are required.
Scharmer, Carol; Trujillo, David J.
Trujillo, David J.
A vehicle system controller (20) is presented for a LSR parallel hybrid electric vehicle having an engine (10), a motor (12), wheels (14), a transmission (16) and a battery (18). The vehicle system controller (20) has a state machine having a plurality of predefined states (22-32) that represent operating modes for the vehicle. A set of rules is defined for controlling the transition between any two states in the state machine. The states (22-32) are prioritized according to driver demands, energy management concerns and system fault occurrences. The vehicle system controller (20) controls the transitions from a lower priority state to a higher priority state based on the set of rules. In addition, the vehicle system controller (20) will control a transition to a lower state from a higher state when the conditions no longer warrant staying in the current state. A unique set of output commands is defined for each state for the purpose of controlling lower level subsystem controllers. These commands serve to achieve the desire vehicle functionality within each state and insure smooth transitions between states.
Phillips, Anthony Mark (Northville, MI); Blankenship, John Richard (Dearborn, MI); Bailey, Kathleen Ellen (Dearborn, MI); Jankovic, Miroslava (Birmingham, MI)
Economics and performance of PV hybrid power systems: Three case studies
The Photovoltaic Systems Assistance Center (PVSAC) of Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has been supporting the development and implementation of off-grid PV hybrid power systems for many years. Technical support has included: refining hardware; understanding system design techniques; obtaining operation and maintenance data; studying use of energy produced. As part of the program, the PVSAC has provided technical expertise on hybrid systems to many federal agencies including the National Park Service, the Forest Service, the Bureau of Land Management, and the Department of Defense. The goal of these partnerships has been to ensure that reliable and safe PV hybrid systems are specified and procured. At present, a critical review of performance and costs of several representative PV hybrid systems is underway. This paper presents a summary of the performance and economical analyses conducted on three PV hybrid systems.
Rosenthal, A.L.; Durand, S.J. [Southwest Technology Development Inst., Las Cruces, NM (United States); Thomas, M.G.; Post, H.N. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
A novel hybrid (wind-photovoltaic) system sizing procedure
Wind-photovoltaic hybrid system (WPHS) utilization is becoming popular due to increasing energy costs and decreasing prices of turbines and photovoltaic (PV) panels. However, prior to construction of a renewable generation station, it is necessary to determine the optimum number of PV panels and wind turbines for minimal cost during continuity of generated energy to meet the desired consumption. In fact, the traditional sizing procedures find optimum number of the PV modules and wind turbines subject to minimum cost. However, the optimum battery capacity is either not taken into account, or it is found by a full search between all probable solution spaces which requires extensive computation. In this study, a novel description of the production/consumption phenomenon is proposed, and a new sizing procedure is developed. Using this procedure, optimum battery capacity, together with optimum number of PV modules and wind turbines subject to minimum cost can be obtained with good accuracy. (author)
Hocaoglu, Fatih O. [Afyon Kocatepe University, Dept. of Electronics and Communication Eng., 03200 Afyonkarahisar (Turkey); Gerek, Oemer N.; Kurban, Mehmet [Anadolu University, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Eng., 26555 Eskisehir (Turkey)
Hybrid-drive implosion system for ICF targets
Hybrid-drive implosion systems (20,40) for ICF targets (10,22,42) are described which permit a significant increase in target gain at fixed total driver energy. The ICF target is compressed in two phases, an initial compression phase and a final peak power phase, with each phase driven by a separate, optimized driver. The targets comprise a hollow spherical ablator (12) surroundingly disposed around fusion fuel (14). The ablator is first compressed to higher density by a laser system (24), or by an ion beam system (44), that in each case is optimized for this initial phase of compression of the target. Then, following compression of the ablator, energy is directly delivered into the compressed ablator by an ion beam driver system (30,48) that is optimized for this second phase of operation of the target. The fusion fuel (14) is driven, at high gain, to conditions wherein fusion reactions occur. This phase separation allows hydrodynamic efficiency and energy deposition uniformity to be individually optimized, thereby securing significant advantages in energy gain. In additional embodiments, the same or separate drivers supply energy for ICF target implosion.
Mark, James W. (Danville, CA)
Hybrid-drive implosion systems for ICF targets are described which permit a significant increase in target gain at fixed total driver energy. The ICF target is compressed in two phases, an initial compression phase and a final peak power phase, with each phase driven by a separate, optimized driver. The targets comprise a hollow spherical ablator surroundingly disposed around fusion fuel. The ablator is first compressed to higher density by a laser system, or by an ion beam system, that in each case is optimized for this initial phase of compression of the target. Then, following compression of the ablator, energy is directly delivered into the compressed ablator by an ion beam driver system that is optimized for this second phase of operation of the target. The fusion fuel is driven, at high gain, to conditions wherein fusion reactions occur. This phase separation allows hydrodynamic efficiency and energy deposition uniformity to be individually optimized, thereby securing significant advantages in energy gain. In additional embodiments, the same or separate drivers supply energy for ICF target implosion. 3 figs.
Mark, J.W.K.
Simultaneous fault and mode switching identification for hybrid systems based on particle swarm optimization
This paper describes a methodology for simultaneous identification of fault parameters and mode switching events for hybrid systems. The method is developed based on the notion of Global Analytical Redundancy Relations (GARRs) from the bond graph model ... Keywords: Bond graph, Fault parameter, Global analytical redundancy relation, Hybrid system, Mode switching time stamps, Particle swarm optimization
Ming Yu; Ming Luo; Danwei Wang; Shai Arogeti; Xinzheng Zhang
State of health aware charge management in hybrid electrical energy storage systems
This paper is the first to present an efficient charge management algorithm focusing on extending the cycle life of battery elements in hybrid electrical energy storage (HEES) systems while simultaneously improving the overall cycle efficiency. In particular, ... Keywords: charge management, hybrid electrical energy storage system, state of health
Qing Xie; Xue Lin; Yanzhi Wang; Massoud Pedram; Donghwa Shin; Naehyuck Chang
A hybrid simulation-adaptive network based fuzzy inference system for improvement of electricity consumption estimation
This paper presents a hybrid adaptive network based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), computer simulation and time series algorithm to estimate and predict electricity consumption estimation. The difficulty with electricity consumption estimation modeling ... Keywords: Adaptive network based fuzzy inference system, Computer simulation, Electricity consumption, Hybrid, Improvement, Time series
A. Azadeh; M. Saberi; A. Gitiforouz; Z. Saberi
Electrically heated particulate filter regeneration methods and systems for hybrid vehicles
A control system for controlling regeneration of a particulate filter for a hybrid vehicle is provided. The system generally includes a regeneration module that controls current to the particulate filter to initiate regeneration. An engine control module controls operation of an engine of the hybrid vehicle based on the control of the current to the particulate filter.
Gonze, Eugene V. (Pinckney, MI); Paratore, Jr., Michael J. (Howell, MI)
Dynamic Reconfiguration of Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting System in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Dynamic Reconfiguration of Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting System in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Yanzhi, xuelin, email@example.com, 2 {email@example.com ABSTRACT Photovoltaic (PV) energy harvesting system is a promising energy source for battery replenishment in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs.) The PV cell array
Pedram, Massoud
Combined cycle solar central receiver hybrid power system study. Volume III. Appendices. Final technical report
A design study for a 100 MW gas turbine/steam turbine combined cycle solar/fossil-fuel hybrid power plant is presented. This volume contains the appendices: (a) preconceptual design data; (b) market potential analysis methodology; (c) parametric analysis methodology; (d) EPGS systems description; (e) commercial-scale solar hybrid power system assessment; and (f) conceptual design data lists. (WHK)
STATE ESTIMATION OF SOFC/GT HYBRID SYSTEM USING UKF Rambabu Kandepu*, 1
STATE ESTIMATION OF SOFC/GT HYBRID SYSTEM USING UKF Rambabu Kandepu*, 1 , Biao Huang** , firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract: A description of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) combined Gas Turbine (GT) hybrid system is given reliability. One of the most promising fuel cell technologies is the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC), due to its
Foss, Bjarne A.
Feasibility of a hybrid cooling system in a thermal power plant
The feasibility of introducing a hybrid cooling system in a thermal power plant is investigated with an aim to reduce water use with a minimum impact on plant performance. A number of cooling systems have been modelled including existing evaporative ... Keywords: cooling, hybrid cooling, power station, sustainable water consumption
C. R. Williams; M. G. Rasul
Study of Operating Control Strategies for Hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump System with Supplemental Cooling Tower
Ground source heat pump for cooling-dominated commercial buildings may utilize supplemental cooling towers to reduce system first cost and to improve system performance. The use of hybrid ground source heat pump (HGSP) can reduce the size of the ground-loop ... Keywords: hybrid ground source heat pump, supplement heat rejection, control strategies, operating performance
Wang Jinggang; Gao Xiaoxia; Yin Zhenjiang; Li Fang
Development of a Hardware-in-the-loop Simulation System for Hybrid Electric Vehicle Performance Test
In order to facilitate control strategy development and performance test of hybrid electric vehicle, a hardware-in-the-loop simulation system is developed. The system is constructed with LabVIEW and PXI hardware. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation test ... Keywords: hybrid electric vehicle, hardware-in-the-loop simulation, fuel economy, exhaust emission
Yanyi Zhang, Zhenhua Jin, Haoduan Wang, Qingchun Lu
Energy Management System for an Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Using Ultracapacitors and Neural Networks
Energy Management System for an Hybrid Electric Vehicle, Using Ultracapacitors and Neural Networks management system for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), using neural networks (NN), was developed and tested, similar in shape and size to a Chevrolet S-10, which was converted to an electric vehicle
Rudnick, Hugh
A methodology for optimal sizing of autonomous hybrid PV/wind system
system reliability requirements, with the lowest value of levelised cost of energy. Modelling a hybrid PV mathematical models for characterizing PV module, wind generator and battery are proposed. The second step of the hybrid PV/wind system are the reliable power supply of the consumer under varying atmospheric conditions
The economics of hybrid manufacturing systems in a closed-loop supply chain
This paper deals with the economics of a closed-loop supply chain and the decision-making in a hybrid manufacturing system. We develop analytic models and quantify the potential profits gain generated by such a hybrid system that collects, remanufactures, ... Keywords: Closed-loop supply chain, Competition, Newsvendor, Remanufacturing, Reverse logistics
Jen-Ming Chen; Chia-I Chang
Dynamic reconfiguration of photovoltaic energy harvesting system in hybrid electric vehicles
Photovoltaic (PV) energy harvesting system is a promising energy source for battery replenishment in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs.) The PV cell array is installed on different parts of a vehicle body such as the engine hood, door panels, and the roof ... Keywords: dynamic programming., hybrid electric vehicle, photovoltaic array reconfiguration, photovoltaic system
Yanzhi Wang; Xue Lin; Naehyuck Chang; Massoud Pedram
Analysis of a diesel-electric hybrid urban bus system
A hybrid bus powered by a diesel engine and a battery pack has been analyzed over an idealized bus-driving cycle in Chicago. Three hybrid configurations, two parallel and one series, have been evaluated. The results indicate that the fuel economy of a hybrid bus, taking into account the regenerative braking, is comparable with that of a conventional diesel bus. Life-cycle costs are slightly higher because of the added weight and cost of the battery.
Marr, W.W.; Sekar, R.R. [Argonne National Lab., IL (United States); Ahlheim, M.C. [Regional Transportation Authority, Chicago, IL (United States)
Component configuration control system development at EBR-II
One ofthe major programs being pursued by the EBR-II Division of Argonne National Laboratory is to improve the reliability of plant control and protection systems. This effort involves looking closely at the present state of the art and needs associated with plant diagnostic, control and protection systems. One of the areas of development at EBR-II involves a component configuration control system (CCCS). This system is a computerized control and planning aid for the nuclear power operator.
Monson, L.R.; Stratton, R.C.
An Ultracapacitor - Battery Energy Storage System for Hybrid Electric Vehicles.
??The nickel metal hydride (NiMH) batteries used in most hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) provide satisfactory performance but are quite expensive. In spite of their lower… (more)
Stienecker, Adam W
Advancements of the Hybrid Method UF6 Container Inspection System
Safeguards inspectors currently visit uranium enrichment plants to verify UF6 cylinder enrichment declarations. Measurements are performed with handheld high-resolution detectors on a limited number of cylinders taken to be representative of the plant's cylinder inventory. These enrichment assay methods interrogate only a small fraction of the total cylinder volume, and are time-consuming and expensive to execute. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is developing an automated UF6 cylinder verification station concept based on the combined collection of traditional enrichment-meter data (186 keV photons from 235U) and non-traditional, neutron-induced, high-energy gamma-ray signatures (3-8 MeV) with an array of collimated, medium-resolution scintillators. Previous work at PNNL (2010) demonstrated proof-of-principle that this hybrid method yields accurate, full-volume assay of the cylinder enrichment, reduces systematic errors when compared to several other enrichment assay methods, and provides simplified instrumentation and algorithms suitable for long-term, unattended operations. This system aims to increase the number of inspected cylinders at higher accuracy and with lower cost than when compared to inspectors with hand-held instruments. Several measurement campaigns of 30B cylinder populations and a refined MCNP model will be reported. The MCNP model consists of per-gram basis vectors for the different uranium isotopes and several fill geometries, enabling fast generation of any UF6 enrichment level and multiple configurations. The refined model was used to optimize collimator design and detector configuration for the hybrid method. In addition, a new field prototype based on model results was utilized in a set of field measurements.
Mace, Emily K.; Orton, Christopher R.; Jordan, David V.; McDonald, Benjamin S.; Smith, Leon E.
AN ADVANCE AN ADVANCE WAIVER OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN INVENTION RIGHTS UNDER DOE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NO. DE-FC26-01NT40779; W(A)-03-015, CH-1142 The Petitioner, Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of General Electric Company (GE HPGS), was awarded this cooperative agreement for the performance of work entitled, "Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation". The purpose of the cooperative agreement is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a turbogenerator. The proposed hybrid system is based on planar SOFC and turbogenerator power technologies. The focus of this work is to test a sub-scale SOFC and turbocharger hybrid
is performed for a hybrid Fuel Cell/Supercapacitor generation system with power management, realized through converters interfacing the Fuel Cell (FC) and the Supercapacitor (SC) with the system electrical load
Small-Signal Analysis of Hybrid Distributed Generation System with HVDC-Link and Energy Storage Elements
A small-signal analysis of isolated autonomous hybrid system with high voltage direct current link (HVDC) or high voltage alternating current (HVAC) line for different energy storage combinations is proposed in this paper. The hybrid systems supplying ...
P. K. Ray; S. R. Mohanty; Nand Kishor; A. Mohanty
Evaluation of 2004 Toyota Prius Hybrid Electric Drive System
The 2004 Toyota Prius is a hybrid automobile equipped with a gasoline engine and a battery- and generator-powered electric motor. Both of these motive-power sources are capable of providing mechanical-drive power for the vehicle. The engine can deliver a peak-power output of 57 kilowatts (kW) at 5000 revolutions per minute (rpm) while the motor can deliver a peak-power output of 50 kW over the speed range of 1200-1540 rpm. Together, this engine-motor combination has a specified peak-power output of 82 kW at a vehicle speed of 85 kilometers per hour (km/h). In operation, the 2004 Prius exhibits superior fuel economy compared to conventionally powered automobiles. To acquire knowledge and thereby improve understanding of the propulsion technology used in the 2004 Prius, a full range of design characterization studies were conducted to evaluate the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the 2004 Prius and its hybrid electric drive system. These characterization studies included (1) a design review, (2) a packaging and fabrication assessment, (3) bench-top electrical tests, (4) back-electromotive force (emf) and locked rotor tests, (5) loss tests, (6) thermal tests at elevated temperatures, and most recently (7) full-design-range performance testing in a controlled laboratory environment. This final test effectively mapped the electrical and thermal results for motor/inverter operation over the full range of speeds and shaft loads that these assemblies are designed for in the Prius vehicle operations. This testing was undertaken by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) as part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) - Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies (FCVT) program through its vehicle systems technologies subprogram. The thermal tests at elevated temperatures were conducted late in 2004, and this report does not discuss this testing in detail. The thermal tests explored the derating of the Prius motor design if operated at temperatures as high as is normally encountered in a vehicle engine. The continuous ratings at base speed (1200 rpm) with different coolant temperatures are projected from test data at 900 rpm. A separate, comprehensive report on this thermal control study is available [1].
Staunton, Robert H [ORNL; Ayers, Curtis William [ORNL; Chiasson, J. N. [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK); Burress, Timothy A [ORNL; Marlino, Laura D [ORNL
The 2004 Toyota Prius is a hybrid automobile equipped with a gasoline engine and a battery- and generator-powered electric motor. Both of these motive-power sources are capable of providing mechanical-drive power for the vehicle. The engine can deliver a peak-power output of 57 kilowatts (kW) at 5000 revolutions per minute (rpm) while the motor can deliver a peak-power output of 50 kW over the speed range of 1200-1540 rpm. Together, this engine-motor combination has a specified peak-power output of 82 kW at a vehicle speed of 85 kilometers per hour (km/h). In operation, the 2004 Prius exhibits superior fuel economy compared to conventionally powered automobiles. To acquire knowledge and thereby improve understanding of the propulsion technology used in the 2004 Prius, a full range of design characterization studies were conducted to evaluate the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the 2004 Prius and its hybrid electric drive system. These characterization studies included (1) a design review, (2) a packaging and fabrication assessment, (3) bench-top electrical tests, (4) back-electromotive force (emf) and locked rotor tests, (5) loss tests, (6) thermal tests at elevated temperatures, and most recently (7) full-design-range performance testing in a controlled laboratory environment. This final test effectively mapped the electrical and thermal results for motor/inverter operation over the full range of speeds and shaft loads that these assemblies are designed for in the Prius vehicle operations. This testing was undertaken by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) as part of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)-Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies (FCVT) program through its vehicle systems technologies subprogram. The thermal tests at elevated temperatures were conducted late in 2004, and this report does not discuss this testing in detail. The thermal tests explored the derating of the Prius motor design if operated at temperatures as high as is normally encountered in a vehicle engine. The continuous ratings at base speed (1200 rpm) with different coolant temperatures are projected from test data at 900 rpm. A separate, comprehensive report on this thermal control study is available [1].
Staunton, R.H.; Ayers, C.W.; Chiasson, J.N. (U Tennessee-Knoxville); Burress, B.A. (ORISE); Marlino, L.D.
Evaluation of a Lower-Energy Energy Storage System (LEESS) for Full-Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) (Presentation)
This presentation discusses the evaluation of a lower-energy energy storage system for full-hybrid electric vehicles.
Gonder, J.; Ireland, J.; Cosgrove, J.
Nuclear Hybrid Energy Systems: Imperatives, Prospects, and Challenges
As global population reaches an expected 8 billion people by 2030, primary energy consumption is expected to increase by almost 40% from approximately 520 exajoules consumed today to almost 740 exajoules. Much of this increase is expected to come from non-Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) nations, and Asia specifically. In these economies, energy used for transportation is expected to grow substantially, as is industrial, commercial and to a lesser degree residential energy use, creating considerable pressure on global and local energy markets. The magnitude and timing of growth in energy consumption likely will create a global imperative to deploy energy production technologies that balance the three pillars of energy security: • economic stability – related to the affordability of energy products, stability and predictability in their price, and the efficient and effective deployment of global capital resources in their development; • environmental sustainability – related to minimizing the negative impacts of energy production to air, land, and water systems and advancing the long-term viability of using a particular resource in a way that does not limit future generations ability to prosper; • resource security – related to the ability to access energy resources and products where and when necessary, in an affordable and predictable manner. One approach to meeting these objectives is hybrid energy systems (HES). Broadly described, HES are energy product production plants that take two or more energy resource inputs (typically includes both carbon and non-carbon based sources) and produce two or more energy products (e.g. electricity, liquid transportation fuels, industrial chemicals) in an integrated plant. Nuclear energy integration into HES offers intriguing potential, particularly if smaller (management (e.g. advanced heat exchangers, process design); • energy storage (e.g. H2 production, liquid fuels synthesis); • byproduct management (e.g. CO2 recycle approaches); • systems dynamics, integration and control (e.g. process dynamics analyses and optimization, advanced prognostics, diagnostics, variable time scale control and flow sheet optimization).
Steven E. Aumeier
Study on Regenerative Brake Method of Hybrid Electric Drive System of Armored Vehicle
Aiming at characteristics of regenerative brake of hybrid electric drive system of tracked armored vehicle, mechanism of regenerative brake by pulse width modulation is in-depth analyzed, motor speed, brake current, feedback current, feedback energy ... Keywords: hybrid electric drive, motor, regenerative brake
Li Hua; Zhong Meng-chun; Zhang Jian; Xu Da; Lin Hai
A survey-based type-2 fuzzy logic system for energy management in hybrid electrical vehicles
Hybrid electrical vehicles combine two or more energy sources (at least one electrical) to benefit from their different characteristics regarding autonomy, reversibility and dynamic response. Energy management consists in discovering an energy distribution ... Keywords: Energy management, Group decision making, Hybrid electrical vehicles, Linguistic modelling, Survey-based fuzzy logic systems, Type-2 fuzzy sets
Javier Solano Martínez; Robert I. John; Daniel Hissel; Marie-Cécile Péra
Optimal Energy Management for a Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicles Based on
}@lea.uni-paderborn.de Abstract--For electric and hybrid electric cars, commonly nickel-metal hydride and lithium-ion batteries. The BMW Mini-E is an all electric powered car field-tested in the United States, United KingdomOptimal Energy Management for a Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric Vehicles Based
Noé, Reinhold
Design of Electric or Hybrid vehicle alert sound system for pedestrian
on a track of our test center located in La Ferté Vidame. Two cars were used: -a diesel-vehicle - an electricDesign of Electric or Hybrid vehicle alert sound system for pedestrian J.-C. Chamard and V, France 1691 #12;The arrival of fully or hybrid electric vehicles raised safety problems respect
Autonomous induction generator/rectifier as regulated DC power supply for hybrid renewable energy systems
The present article deals with the wind power-generating unit of a Hybrid Photovoltaic-Wind Renewable Energy System (HPVWRES). The dynamic flux model of the self-excited induction generator used in the wind power-generating unit is given. This model, ... Keywords: experimental investigation, hybrid, induction generator, modeling, rectifier, regulation, renewable Energy
A. Nesba; R. Ibtiouen; S. Mekhtoub; O. Touhami; N. Takorabet
Modeling and Simulation of a Microgrid as a Stochastic Hybrid System
1 Modeling and Simulation of a Microgrid as a Stochastic Hybrid System Martin Strelec, Karel Macek, Alessandro Abate Abstract--Microgrids (MGs) are small-scale local energy grids. While dedicated to cover and on approximate dynamic programming) for typical challenges in MGs. Index Terms--Microgrids, Stochastic Hybrid
Abate, Alessandro
Performance Study on Multilevel Hybrid Power System of Pneumatic-fuel Vehicle
Put forward the concept of multilevel hybrid power system of pneumatic-Fuel Vehicle, composed of the gasoline engine and pneumatic motor which is droved by the admixture of compressed air and engine exhaust gas so as to improve the dynamics. The dynamics ... Keywords: fuel-pneumatic, multilevel hybrid power vehicle, dynamics, fuel consumption
Wang Guo-ye; Zhang Juan-li; Chou Xiao-gang; Wang Jun; Zheng Chang-song
Study on a hybrid fuzzy-PI controller applied to VSC-HVDC system
A hybrid fuzzy-PI controller for voltage source converter based HYDC (VSC-HVDC) transmission system is proposed in this paper. At first, the elementary model of VSC-HYDC is described. Then the fuzzy self-tuning control strategy is proposed, in which ... Keywords: HVDC, VSC, direct current control, hybrid fuzzy-PI control
Geng Yuancheng; Li Zhixiong; Zhang Jiangcheng
Techno-economics analysis of a wind/PV hybrid system to provide electricity for a household in Malaysia
This paper is study on techno-economics analysis of a wind/PV hybrid system for a household in Malaysia. One year recorded wind speed and solar radiation are used for the design of a hybrid energy system. In 2004 average annual wind speed in Kuala Terengganu ... Keywords: electrical load, techno-economics analysis, wind/PV hybrid system
Ahmad Fudholi; Mohd Zamri Ibrahim; Mohd Hafidz Ruslan; Lim Chin Haw; Sohif Mat; Mohd Yusof Othman; Azami Zaharim; Kamaruzzaman Sopian
Electric and Hybrid Vehicle System Research and Development Project: Hybrid Vehicle Potential Assessment. Volume VIII. Scenario generation
Scenarios are described which have been generated in support of the Hybrid Vehicle Potential Assessment Task under the JPL Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Systems Research and Development Project. The primary function of the scenario generation is to develop a set of consistent and credible forecasts required to estimate the potential impact of hybrid vehicles on future petroleum consumption in the USA, given a set of specific electric, hybrid and conventional vehicle designs. The forecasts are limited to the next 32 years (1978 to 2010. The four major areas of concern are: population and vehicle fleet size; travel patterns and vehicle fleet mix; conventional vehicle technology (Otto baseline); battery technology; and prices. The forecasts have been generated to reflect two baseline scenarios, a Petroleum Conservation Scenario (Scenario A) and an Energy Conservation Scenario (Scenario B). The primary assumption in Scenario A is higher gasoline prices than in Scenario B. This should result in less travel per car and an increased demand for smaller and more fuel efficient cars (compared to Scenario B). In Scenario B the primary assumption is higher prices on cars (new as well as used) than in Scenario A. This should lead to less cars (compared to Scenario A) and a shift to other modes of transportation.
Leschly, K.O.
Simulation of electric vehicles with hybrid power systems
Computer programs for the simulation of the operation of electric vehicles with hybrid power systems are described. These programs treat cases in which high energy density ultracapacitors or high power density pulse batteries are used to load level the main energy storage battery in the vehicle. A generalized control strategy for splitting the power between the main battery and the pulse power devices is implemented such that the user can specify the nominal battery power as a function of the state-of-charge of the ultracapacitor or pulse power battery. The programs display graphically on the screen, as they run, the power from both the main battery and the pulse power device and the state-of-charge of the pulse power device. After each run is completed, a summary is printed out from which the effect of load leveling the battery on vehicle range and energy consumption can be determined. Default input files are provided with the programs so various combinations of vehicles, driveline components, and batteries of special current interest to the EV community can be run with either type of pulse power device. Typical simulation results are shown including cases in which the pulse power devices are connected in parallel with the main battery without interface electronics. 2 refs., 7 figs., 14 tabs.
Burke, A.F.; Cole, G.H.
As global population reaches an expected 8 billion people by 2030, primary energy consumption is expected to increase by almost 40% from approximately 520 exajoules consumed today to almost 740 exajoules. Much of this increase is expected to come from non-Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) nations, and Asia specifically. In these economies, energy used for transportation is expected to grow substantially, as is industrial, commercial and to a lesser degree residential energy use, creating considerable pressure on global and local energy markets. The magnitude and timing of growth in energy consumption likely will create a global imperative to deploy energy production technologies that balance the three pillars of energy security: • economic stability – related to the affordability of energy products, stability and predictability in their price, and the efficient and effective deployment of global capital resources in their development; • environmental sustainability – related to minimizing the negative impacts of energy production to air, land, and water systems and advancing the long-term viability of using a particular resource in a way that does not limit future generations ability to prosper; • resource security – related to the ability to access energy resources and products where and when necessary, in an affordable and predictable manner. One approach to meeting these objectives is hybrid energy systems (HES). Broadly described, HES are energy product production plants that take two or more energy resource inputs (typically includes both carbon and non-carbon based sources) and produce two or more energy products (e.g. electricity, liquid transportation fuels, industrial chemicals) in an integrated plant. Nuclear energy integration into HES offers intriguing potential, particularly if smaller (<300 MWe) reactors are available. Although the concept of using nuclear energy in a variety of non-electrical process applications is certainly not new, renewed interest in more tightly coupled energy product plants (such as HES) that meet the objectives outline above have gained additional interest recently, an interest likely sparked by sharpening energy security concerns. Studies have shown that non-nuclear integrated (hybrid) energy systems can have appealing attributes in terms of overall process efficiency, enhanced electric grid stability, renewable energy integration, and economic performance, and lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions. These attributes seem to be sufficiently compelling that several significant commercial investments in fossil-renewable HES are being made in the United States while the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) has openly solicited information regarding nuclear energy integration schemes. The challenges of nuclear energy integration include myriad issues associated with the following RD&D areas, or "platforms": • feedstock processing (e.g. bio-feedstock integration with coal, carbon feedstock extraction using nuclear energy); • heat / energy management (e.g. advanced heat exchangers, process design); • energy storage (e.g. H2 production, liquid fuels synthesis); • byproduct management (e.g. CO2 recycle approaches); • systems dynamics, integration and control (e.g. process dynamics analyses and optimization, advanced prognostics, diagnostics, variable time scale control and flow sheet optimization).
Synthesis of quantized feedback control software for discrete time linear hybrid systems
We present an algorithm that given a Discrete Time Linear Hybrid System${\\cal H}$ returns a correct-by-construction software implementation K for a (near time optimal) robust quantized feedback controller for ${\\cal H}$ along with ...
Federico Mari; Igor Melatti; Ivano Salvo; Enrico Tronci
Technical Description and Evaluation of BWR Hybrid Power Shape Monitoring System
This report discusses the method of monitoring BWR cores that has been implemented in the Power Shape Monitoring System (PSMS). A complete technical description of the hybrid PSMS and the results of detailed qualification testing are included.
Multi-Objective Capacity Planning of a Pv-Wind-Diesel-Battery Hybrid Power System
A new solution methodology of the capacity design problem of a PV-Wind-Diesel-Battery Hybrid Power System (HPS) is presented. The problem is formulated as a Linear Programming (LP) model with two objectives: minimizing ...
Saif, A.
Fuel Cell-Fuel Cell Hybrid System Contact NETL Technology Transfer...
Cell-Fuel Cell Hybrid System Contact NETL Technology Transfer Group firstname.lastname@example.com November 2012 Opportunity Research on the patented technology "Fuel Cell-Fuel Cell...
Simulation Study of Hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump System in the Hot-Humid Climate.
??The beachfront hotel with hybrid geothermal heat pump system (HyGSHP), located in the hot-humid climate, is simulated by TRNSYS in the thesis, and the simulation… (more)
Zhu, Jiang
Facility location for a hybrid manufacturing/remanufacturing system with carbon costs.
??This thesis addresses inventory management and facility location for a hybrid manufacturing/remanufacturing system where remanufacturing lead-time is different from production lead-time. We also investigate the… (more)
Kim, Yusuk
Laboratory and are actively developing what will be the world's largest wind-diesel hybrid electric plant. The pending installation of four 950-kW wind turbines to supplement the 22.8 MW diesel electricity plant diesel fuel usage in the base, while not adversely affecting the power grid or the diesels. The reduced
Massachusetts at Amherst, University of
Hybrid energy storage systems and battery management for electric vehicles
Electric vehicles (EV) are considered as a strong alternative of internal combustion engine vehicles expecting lower carbon emission. However, their actual benefits are not yet clearly verified while the energy efficiency can be improved in many ways. ... Keywords: battery-supercapacitor hybrid, charging/discharging asymmetry, electric vehicle, regenerative braking
Sangyoung Park, Younghyun Kim, Naehyuck Chang
Office of Legacy Management (LM)
II II c )3 c F r c L LI L rr c - r I P- c OAK RlDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY h U W -l\ &?ir;; ITi' m . 8 ORNL/RASA-92/l Results of the Radiological Survey at the Former Chapman Valve Manufacturing Company, Indian Orchard, Massachusetts (cIooo1) R. D. Foley M . S. Uziel MANAGED BY MARTIN MARIETTA ENERGY SYSTEMS, INC. FOR THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ORNLJRASA-92/l /- HEALTH AND SAFETY RESEARCH DIVISION Environmental Restoration and Waste Management Non-Defense Programs (Activity No. EX 20 20 01 0; ADS317OOOO) Results of the Radiological Survey at the Former Chapman Valve Manufacturing Company, Indian Orchard, Massachusetts (cIooo1) R. D. Foley and M. S. Uziel Date Issued - July 1992 Investigation learn R. E. Swaja - Measurement Applications and Development Manager
1978 source book for fusion--fission hybrid systems. Executive summary
The 1978 Source Book for Fusion--Fission Hybrid Systems was prepared by United Engineers and Constructors Inc. for the U.S. Department of Energy and the Electric Power Research Institute. It reviews the current status of fusion--fission hybrid reactors, and presents the prevailing views of members of the fusion community on the RD and D timetable required for the development and commercialization of fusion--fission hybrids. The results presented are based on a review of related references as well as interviews with recognized experts in the field. Contributors from the academic and industrial communities are listed.
Spectroscopy identification performance enhancement of a novel CZT/CsI hybrid system
New hybrid spectroscopic systems directly combine spectra from detectors with very different energy resolutions, accommodating standard analyses of the output hybrid spectrum. Simulations of a hybrid system consisting of a 2 or 4 cm{sup 3} cadmium zinc telluride detector combined with a 32.8 cm{sup 3} CsI(Tl) were evaluated for identification performance. 29 nuclides of interest for security applications were simulated as singles and unique pairs, producing 435 spectral simulations at live times of 3, 10, 30, 100 and 300 seconds. The nuclides were modeled as point sources at 25 cm with activities that provide an interesting range of statistical significance for the range of counting times. Standard nuclide identification analyses were applied to the component detectors as well as the hybrid combination. Tallies of the results were used to calculate true and false identification rates. The hybrid system was shown to provide an identification performance benefit, consistently achieving performances closest to ideal relative to the separate component detectors. The hybrid approach enables the consideration of a greater variety of measurement system solutions in terms of cost and performance. (authors)
Russ, W.; Nakazawa, D.; Hau, I.; Morichi, M. [Canberra Industries, Inc., AREVA Company (United States)
A hybrid intelligent system for alarm processing in power distribution substations
This application paper presents an intelligent system for alarm processing and fault location in power substations. A hybrid model is constructed using rule-based systems and an artificial neural network. Incoming alarms are initially handled by an input ... Keywords: Expert systems, fault location, neural networks
J. C. Stacchini de Souza; M. B. Do Coutto Filho; R. S. Freund
Center for Sustainability Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems (HyRES) Laboratory
System Features In addition to competition systems - Whisper 500 wind turbine - Hydrogen Electilizer wind, solar, and hydrogen fuel cell technologies is planned for an experimental residence built at Penn will feature a hybrid solar-wind energy system and car-home hydrogen interface #12;Competition Mode: Solar
Lee, Dongwon
NSLS II: Strongly Correlated Electron Systems
Strongly Correlated Electron Systems Strongly Correlated Electron Systems Understanding the electronic behavior of strongly correlated electron systems is one of the most important problems in condensed matter physics - one that is driving a revolution in the study of solids that behave like Fermi liquids. These solids have electronic degrees of freedom that produce exotic properties. For example, in materials with poor screening properties, such as the doped transition metal oxides, the interaction energy between valence electrons can overwhelm their kinetic energy, causing a strongly coupled many-body ground state. As a result of this strong electron correlation, these materials display a range of useful behaviors, including high-temperature superconductivity, colossal magnetoresistance, and an extreme sensitivity to external perturbations. An example is shown in the figure.
System design verification of a hybrid geothermal/coal fired power plant
This hybrid plant utilizes geothermal fluid for feedwater heating. With respect to the extraction of available work from the geothermal fluids, this cycle is approximately two times as efficient as the all geothermal plant. The System Design Verification Study presented verifies the technical and economic feasibility of the hybrid plant. This report is comprised of a conceptual design, cost estimate, and economic analysis of a one-unit 715 MW hybrid geothermal/coal fired power plant. In addition to the use of geothermal fluid for feedwater heating, its use is also investigated for additional power generation, condensate and cooling tower makeup water, coal beneficiation, air preheating, flue gas reheating and plant space heating requirements. An engineering and construction schedule for the hybrid plant is also included.
Not Available
Preliminary Results on Luminaire Designs for Hybrid Solar Lighting Systems
We report on the design of two hybrid lighting luminaires that blend light from a fiber optic end-emitted solar source with electric T8 fluorescent lamps. Both designs involve the retrofit of a commercially-available recessed fluorescent luminaire with minimal reductions in the original luminaire's optical efficiency. Two methods for high-angle dispersion of fiber optic end-emitted solar light are described and the resulting spatial intensity distributions, simulated using ZEMAX, are compared with standard cylindrical fluorescent tubes. Differences in spatial intensity distribution are qualitatively characterized and potential design improvements discussed.
Earl, D.D.
Amp-hour counting control for PV hybrid power systems
The performance of an amp-hour (Ah) counting battery charge control algorithm has been defined and tested using the Digital Solar Technologies MPR-9400 microprocessor based PV hybrid charge controller. This work included extensive field testing of the charge algorithm on flooded lead-antimony and valve regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries. The test results after one-year have demonstrated that PV charge utilization, battery charge control, and battery state of charge (SOC) has been significantly improved by providing maximum charge to the batteries while limiting battery overcharge to manufacturers specifications during variable solar resource and load periods.
Hund, T.D. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Thompson, B. [Biri Systems, Ithaca, NY (United States)
Los Alamos hybrid environment: an integrated development/configuration management system
I present the details of a hybrid configuration management system that utilizes a commercial configuration management tool (Softool's Change and Configuration Control environment) to monitor and control the development of mission-critical software systems at the Los Alamos Weapons Neutron Research Facility. The hybrid system combines features of the VMS host operating system and elements of the tool environment to integrate a flexible development environment with a very powerful automated configuration management system. The features of this system are presented with particular emphasis on the benefits of the hybrid approach. The complementary nature of the constituent environments is described. Special attention is given the issues of operational tradeoffs, personnel interaction and utilization, management visibility and overall system performance. It is shown that by employing a special interface data structure, the hybrid environment supports a much higher level of automation (of both development and configuration management activities) than is realizable in either environment individually. Examples are provided to illustrate the extent to which development activities and all phases of configuration management can be automated under this system. It is shown that in the process of providing a rigorous configuration management environment, the system remains virtually transparent to software development personnel and actually enhances the programmer's capabilities.
Cort, G.
Fluid-structure-interaction analyses of reactor vessel using improved hybrid Lagrangian Eulerian code ALICE-II
This paper describes fluid-structure-interaction and structure response analyses of a reactor vessel subjected to loadings associated with postulated accidents, using the hybrid Lagrangian-Eulerian code ALICE-II. This code has been improved recently to accommodate many features associated with innovative designs of reactor vessels. Calculational capabilities have been developed to treat water in the reactor cavity outside the vessel, internal shield structures and internal thin shells. The objective of the present analyses is to study the cover response and potential for missile generation in response to a fuel-coolant interaction in the core region. Three calculations were performed using the cover weight as a parameter. To study the effect of the cavity water, vessel response calculations for both wet- and dry-cavity designs are compared. Results indicate that for all cases studied and for the design parameters assumed, the calculated cover displacements are all smaller than the bolts` ultimate displacement and no missile generation of the closure head is predicted. Also, solutions reveal that the cavity water of the wet-cavity design plays an important role of restraining the downward displacement of the bottom head. Based on these studies, the analyses predict that the structure integrity is maintained throughout the postulated accident for the wet-cavity design.
Wang, C.Y.
Efficiency and Loss Models for Key Electronic Components of Hybrid and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles' Electrical Propulsion Systems
Isolated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) are widely used in power electronic applications including electric, hybrid electric, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (EVs, HEVs, and PHEVs). The trend towards more electric vehicles (MEVs) has demanded the need for power electronic devices capable of handling power in the range of 10-100 kW. However, the converter losses in this power range are of critical importance. Therefore, thermal management of the power electronic devices/converters is crucial for the reliability and longevity of the advanced vehicles. To aid the design of heat exchangers for the IGBT modules used in propulsion motor drives, a loss model for the IGBTs is necessary. The loss model of the IGBTs will help in the process of developing new heat exchangers and advanced thermal interface materials by reducing cost and time. This paper deals with the detailed loss modeling of IGBTs for advanced electrical propulsion systems. An experimental based loss model is proposed. The proposed loss calculation method utilizes the experimental data to reconstruct the loss surface of the power electronic devices by means of curve fitting and linear extrapolating. This enables the calculation of thermal losses in different voltage, current, and temperature conditions of operation. To verify the calculation method, an experimental test set-up was designed and built. The experimental set-up is an IGBT based bi-directional DC/DC converter. In addition, simulation results are presented to verify the proposed calculation method.
Cao, J.; Bharathan, D.; Emadi, A.
Optimal operational strategy for hybrid renewable energy system using genetic algorithms
Off-grid settlements require efficient, reliable and cost-effective renewable energy as alternative to the power supplied by diesel generator. Techno-economic analysis is required to find the optimum renewable energy system in the long run. This paper ... Keywords: genetic algorithm, hybrid system, operation strategy, optimization, renewable energy
Juhari Ab. Razak; Kamaruzzaman Sopian; Zulkifli Mohd Nopiah; Azami Zaharim; Yusoff Ali
Finding all solutions of nonlinear systems using a hybrid metaheuristic with Fuzzy Clustering Means
Abstract: We apply a recently introduced hybrid metaheuristic to solve nonlinear systems of equations with multiple roots as an optimization problem. In this technique, first, the Luus-Jaakola random search method is used to explore the search space. ... Keywords: Fuzzy clustering, Global optimization, Metaheuristics, Nonlinear systems
W. F. Sacco; N. Henderson
Design of a hybrid type self-powered active sussension system
In this paper, authors propose a new hybrid type self-powered active suspension system for ground vehicles. System is composed of an electronic control unit (ECU), a power electronics module, and electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) bank, a permanent ...
Hakan Sahin; Naoto Fukushima; Takahiro Mochizuki; Ichiro Hagiwara
FRASH: Exploiting storage class memory in hybrid file system for hierarchical storage
In this work, we develop a novel hybrid file system, FRASH, for storage-class memory and NAND Flash. Despite the promising physical characteristics of storage-class memory, its scale is an order of magnitude smaller than the current storage device scale. ... Keywords: Flash storage, log-structured file system
Jaemin Jung; Youjip Won; Eunki Kim; Hyungjong Shin; Byeonggil Jeon
Optimal control of a grid-connected hybrid electrical energy storage system for homes
Integrating residential photovoltaic (PV) power generation and electrical energy storage (EES) systems into the Smart Grid is an effective way of utilizing renewable power and reducing the consumption of fossil fuels. This has become a particularly interesting ... Keywords: hybrid electrical energy storage system, optimal control, smart grid
Yanzhi Wang, Xue Lin, Massoud Pedram, Sangyoung Park, Naehyuck Chang
Off-grid settlements require efficient, reliable and cost-effective renewable energy as alternative to the power supplied by diesel generator. Techno-economic analysis is required to find the optimum renewable energy system in the long run. This paper ... Keywords: genetic algorithms, hybrid system, operation strategy, optimization, renewable energy
Kamaruzzaman Sopian; Azami Zaharim; Yusoff Ali; Zulkifli Mohd Nopiah; Juhari Ab. Razak; Nor Salim Muhammad
A Hybrid Energy System Using Cascaded H-bridge Converter , Zhong Du2
energy system, cascaded multilevel converter, single dc source I. INTRODUCTION As different energy generation, storage, and transmission. The power from hybrid energy systems can be combined on the dc side of Energy Source 1 and Energy Source 2. To analyze mode I, a dc source is assumed to be connected
Tolbert, Leon M.
A Paired-Orientation Alignment Problem in a Hybrid Tracking System for Computer Assisted Surgery
Coordinate Alignment (CA) is an important problem in hybrid tracking systems involving two or more tracking devices. CA typically associates the measurements from two or more tracking systems with respect to distinct base frames and makes them comparable ... Keywords: Computer assisted surgery (CAS), Coordinate alignment, Paired-Orientation Alignment (POA), Quaternions, Surgical navigation
Hongliang Ren; Peter Kazanzides
FlySPEC: a multi-user video camera system with hybrid human and automatic control
FlySPEC is a video camera system designed for real-time remote operation. A hybrid design combines the high resolution of an optomechanical video camera with the wide field of view always available from a panoramic camera. The control system integrates ... Keywords: collaborative and automatic camera control, distance learning, gesture based camera control, panoramic video, video communication, video conferencing, video production, webcams
Qiong Liu; Don Kimber; Jonathan Foote; Lynn Wilcox; John Boreczky
Multidisciplinary Modeling, Control, and Optimization of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell/Gas Turbine Hybrid Power System.
??This thesis describes a systematical study, including multidisciplinary modeling, simulation, control, and optimization, of a fuel cell - gas turbine hybrid power system that aims… (more)
Abbassi Baharanchi, Atid
DOE/NREL Inner Mongolia PV/Wind Hybrid Systems Pilot Project: A Post-Installation Assessment
This report assesses the Inner Mongolia Pilot Project, which disseminates wind-solar hybrid systems to a rural and remote population.
Stroup, K. K.
Hybrid membrane--PSA system for separating oxygen from air ...
The system is a unique gas separation system that ... Energy Innovation ... Sandia National Laboratories - Visit the Intellectual Property Management and ...
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) are of great interest nowadays. The feature of SOFCs makes them suitable for hybrid systems because they work high operating temperature and when combined with conventional turbine power plants offer high cycle efficiencies. In this work a hybrid solid oxide fuel cell and gas turbine power system model is developed. Two models have been developed based on simple thermodynamic expressions. The simple models are used in the preliminary part of the study and a more realistic based on the performance maps. A comparative study of the simulated configurations, based on an energy analysis is used to perform a parametric study of the overall hybrid system efficiency. Some important observations are made by means of a sensitivity study of the whole cycle for the selected configuration. The results of the selected model were compared to an earlier model from an available literature.
Penyarat Chinda; Pascal Brault
The study of tuning system for BEPC II
Tuning system plays a very important role when superconducting cavity works. It cooperates with other control loops, to adjust the frequency of cavity with high precision, reduce the reflection power, guarantee the stability of beam and ensure the safety of superconducting cavity. This paper focuses mainly on the tuning system working principle, the working state and problems that BEPC (Beijing Electron Positron Collider) II has encountered during operation.
Mi Zhenghui; Sun Yi; Pan Weimin; Wang Guangwei; Li Zhongquan; Dai Jianping; Ma Qiang; Lin Haiying; Xu Bo; Huang Hong; Wang Qunyao; Xu Yufen; Zhao Guangyuan; Huang Tongming; Sha Peng; Zhang Xinying; Meng Fanbo; Li Han; Chen Xu; Zhao Danyang; Zhang Juan; Peng Yinghua
Kilowatt isotope power system phase II plan. Volume II: flight System Conceptual Design (FSCD)
The Kilowatt Isotope Power System (KIPS) Flight System Conceptual Design (FSCD) is described. Included are a background, a description of the flight system conceptual design, configuration of components, flight system performance, Ground Demonstration System test results, and advanced development tests.
Wind/hybrid power system test facilities in the United States and Canada
By 1995, there will be four facilities available for testing of wind/hybrid power systems in the United States and Canada. This paper describes the mission, approach, capabilities, and status of activity at each of these facilities. These facilities have in common a focus on power systems for remote, off-grid locations that include wind energy. At the same time, these facilities have diverse, yet complimentary, missions that range from research to technology development to testing. The first facility is the test facility at the Institut de Recherche d`Hydro-Quebec (IREQ), Hydro-Quebec`s research institute near Montreal, Canada. This facility, not currently in operation, was used for initial experiments demonstrating the dynamic stability of a high penetration, no-storage wind/diesel (HPNSWD) concept. The second facility is located at the Atlantic Wind Test Site (AWTS) on Prince Edward Island, Canada, where testing of the HPNSWD concept developed by Hydro-Quebec is currently underway. The third is the Hybrid Power Test Facility planned for the National Wind Technology Center at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in Golden, Colorado, which will focus on testing commercially available hybrid power systems. The fourth is the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Conservation and Production Research Laboratory in Bushland, Texas, where a test laboratory is being developed to study wind-energy penetration and control strategies for wind/hybrid systems. The authors recognize that this summary of test facilities is not all inclusive; for example, at least one US industrial facility is currently testing a hybrid power system. Our intent, though, is to describe four facilities owned by nonprofit or governmental institutions in North America that are or will be available for ongoing development of wind/hybrid power systems.
Green, H J [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States); Clark, R N [USDA Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, TX (United States); Brothers, C [Atlantic Wind Test Site, North Cape, PE (Canada); Saulnier, B [Institut de Recherche d`Hydro-Quebec, Varennes, PQ (Canada)
HybridStore: A Cost-Efficient, High-Performance Storage System Combining SSDs and HDDs
Unlike the use of DRAM for caching or buffering, certain idiosyncrasies of NAND Flash-based solid-state drives (SSDs) make their integration into existing systems non-trivial. Flash memory suffers from limits on its reliability, is an order of magnitude more expensive than the magnetic hard disk drives (HDDs), and can sometimes be as slow as the HDD (due to excessive garbage collection (GC) induced by high intensity of random writes). Given these trade-offs between HDDs and SSDs in terms of cost, performance, and lifetime, the current consensus among several storage experts is to view SSDs not as a replacement for HDD but rather as a complementary device within the high-performance storage hierarchy. We design and evaluate such a hybrid system called HybridStore to provide: (a) HybridPlan: improved capacity planning technique to administrators with the overall goal of operating within cost-budgets and (b) HybridDyn: improved performance/lifetime guarantees during episodes of deviations from expected workloads through two novel mechanisms: write-regulation and fragmentation busting. As an illustrative example of HybridStore s ef cacy, HybridPlan is able to nd the most cost-effective storage con guration for a large scale workload of Microsoft Research and suggest one MLC SSD with ten 7.2K RPM HDDs instead of fourteen 7.2K RPM HDDs only. HybridDyn is able to reduce the average response time for an enterprise scale random-write dominant workload by about 71% as compared to a HDD-based system.
Kim, Youngjae [ORNL; Gupta, Aayush [Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA; Urgaonkar, Bhuvan [Pennsylvania State University; Piotr, Berman [Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA; Sivasubramaniam, Anand [Pennsylvania State University
Reversible information-energy conversions in a quantum hybrid system
We investigate the properties of a quantum hybrid opto-mechanical transducer in the context of information thermodynamics, and show that it provides a valuable platform to monitor information- to-energy conversions at the quantum level. An optically active emitter interacts with the electromagnetic field, that plays the role of an out-of-equilibrium heat bath. The bit of information encoded in the emitter is reversibly converted into mechanical energy stored in a nano-resonator whose displacement is measurable in time, offering direct access to the elementary work exchanged. The study of the complete thermodynamical cycle described over a full mechanical period reveals a new type of Landauer's erasure that produces, instead of costing, work. We finally show that this device can be turned into a powerful heat engine operating at Carnot efficiency.
Cyril Elouard; Maxime Richard; Alexia Auffčves
Evaluation of the 2010 Toyota Prius Hybrid Synergy Drive System
Subsystems of the 2010 Toyota Prius hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) were studied and tested as part of an intensive benchmarking effort carried out to produce detailed information concerning the current state of nondomestic alternative vehicle technologies. Feedback provided by benchmarking efforts is particularly useful to partners of the Vehicle Technologies collaborative research program as it is essential in establishing reasonable yet challenging programmatic goals which facilitate development of competitive technologies. The competitive nature set forth by the Vehicle Technologies Program (VTP) not only promotes energy independence and economic stability, it also advocates the advancement of alternative vehicle technologies in an overall global perspective. These technologies greatly facilitate the potential to reduce dependency on depleting natural resources and mitigate harmful impacts of transportation upon the environment.
Burress, Timothy A [ORNL; Campbell, Steven L [ORNL; Coomer, Chester [ORNL; Ayers, Curtis William [ORNL; Wereszczak, Andrew A [ORNL; Cunningham, Joseph Philip [ORNL; Marlino, Laura D [ORNL; Seiber, Larry Eugene [ORNL; Lin, Hua-Tay [ORNL
A "Hybrid" Approach for Synthesizing Optimal Controllers of Hybrid Systems: A Case Study of the Oil Pump Industrial Example
In this paper, we propose an approach to reduce the optimal controller synthesis problem of hybrid systems to quantifier elimination; furthermore, we also show how to combine quantifier elimination with numerical computation in order to make it more scalable but at the same time, keep arising errors due to discretization manageable and within bounds. A major advantage of our approach is not only that it avoids errors due to numerical computation, but it also gives a better optimal controller. In order to illustrate our approach, we use the real industrial example of an oil pump provided by the German company HYDAC within the European project Quasimodo as a case study throughout this paper, and show that our method improves (up to 7.5%) the results reported in [3] based on game theory and model checking.
Zhao, Hengjun; Kapur, Deepak; Larsen, Kim G
Efficiency of a hybrid-type plasma-assisted fuel reformation system
The major advantages of a new plasma-assisted fuel reformation system are its cost effectiveness and technical efficiency. Applied Plasma Technologies has proposed its new highly efficient hybrid-type plasma-assisted system for organic fuel combustion and gasification. The system operates as a multimode multipurpose reactor in a wide range of plasma feedstock gases and turndown ratios. This system also has convenient and simultaneous feeding of several reagents in the reaction zone such as liquid fuels, coal, steam, and air. A special methodology has been developed for such a system in terms of heat balance evaluation and optimization. This methodology considers all existing and possible energy streams, which could influence the system's efficiency. The developed hybrid-type plasma system could be suitable for combustion applications, mobile and autonomous small- to mid-size liquid fuel and coal gasification modules, hydrogen-rich gas generators, waste-processing facilities, and plasma chemical reactors.
Matveev, I.B.; Serbin, S.I.; Lux, S.M. [Applied Plasma Technologies, Mclean, VA (USA)
Summary Report of the INL-JISEA Workshop on Nuclear Hybrid Energy Systems
The Institute for Nuclear Energy Science and Technology (INEST) and the Joint Institute for Strategic Energy Analysis (JISEA) co-sponsored an international workshop to identify research topics important in advancing the potential use of hybrid systems with a specific focus on nuclear-renewable hybrid systems. The workshop included presentations ranging from energy challenges and research and development directions being pursued by nations to multiple options for hybrid systems. Those options include one that is being commercialized to other opportunities and analysis results quantifying them. The workshop also involved two breakout sessions--one focused on thermal energy management issues especially at unit-operation scale and the second focused on system operations issues including system controls, regulatory issues, technical and economic analysis, and market challenges. A discussion involving the full group focused on more general issues such as societal involvement and participation. Key criteria for selecting hybrid energy system projects and metrics for comparing them were also identified by the full group.
Antkowiak, M.; Ruth, M.; Boardman, R.; Bragg-Sitton, S.; Cherry, R.; Shunn, L.
GSI 3DVar-based Ensemble-Variational Hybrid Data Assimilation for NCEP Global Forecast System: Single Resolution Experiments
An ensemble Kalman filter-variational hybrid data assimilation system based on the grid point statistical interpolation (GSI) three dimensional variational (3DVar) system was developed. The performance of the system was investigated using the ...
Xuguang Wang; David Parrish; Daryl Kleist; Jeffrey Whitaker
Combustion flame-plasma hybrid reactor systems, and chemical reactant sources
Combustion flame-plasma hybrid reactor systems, chemical reactant sources, and related methods are disclosed. In one embodiment, a combustion flame-plasma hybrid reactor system comprising a reaction chamber, a combustion torch positioned to direct a flame into the reaction chamber, and one or more reactant feed assemblies configured to electrically energize at least one electrically conductive solid reactant structure to form a plasma and feed each electrically conductive solid reactant structure into the plasma to form at least one product is disclosed. In an additional embodiment, a chemical reactant source for a combustion flame-plasma hybrid reactor comprising an elongated electrically conductive reactant structure consisting essentially of at least one chemical reactant is disclosed. In further embodiments, methods of forming a chemical reactant source and methods of chemically converting at least one reactant into at least one product are disclosed.
Kong, Peter C
JRN 19 2006 15:31 FR IPL DOE CH 630 252 2779 TO AGCP-HQ P.02/03 JRN 19 2006 15:31 FR IPL DOE CH 630 252 2779 TO AGCP-HQ P.02/03 * * STATEMENT OF CONSIDERATIONS REQUEST BY HYBRID POWER GENERATION SYSTEMS, LLC FOR AN ADVANCE WAIVER OF PATENT RIGHTS UNDER DOE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NO. DE-FC36-04G014351 ENTITLED "HIGH PERFORMANCE FLEXIBLE REVERSIBLE SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL"; W(A)-04-080; CH-1259 As set out in the attached waiver petition and in subsequent discussions with DOE patent counsel, Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC (Hybrid Power), a wholly owned subsidiary of General Electric Company (GE), has requested an advance waiver of domestic and foreign patent rights for all subject inventions made under the above-identified cooperative agreement by its employees and its subcontractors' employees, regardless of tier, except
State estimation of probabilistic hybrid systems with particle filters
Robotic and embedded systems have become increasingly pervasive in every-day applications, ranging from space probes and life support systems to autonomous rovers. In order to act robustly in the physical world, robotic ...
Funiak, Stanislav, 1978-
Hybrid power management system and method - Energy Innovation ...
Solar Photovoltaic; Solar Thermal; Startup America; Vehicles and Fuels; ... Space power systems; Technology Status. Development Stage Availability Published Last Updated;
Hybrid Discrete and Continuous Control for Power Systems
The control of the electricity supply from generation to end-use has been an engineering and mathematical challenge for many decades. The continuous increase in power requirements, system interconnections and technological options prompted the search ... Keywords: electric systems, intelligent controls, power systems
W. H. Esselman; D. J. Sobajic; J. Maulbetsch
A hybrid tele-diagnosis system on fish disease
Fish disease diagnosis is a complicated process and requires high level of expertise, an expert system for fish disease diagnosis is considered as an effective tool to help fish farmers. However, many farmers have no computers and are not able to access ... Keywords: call centre, expert system, group decision support system, machine learning
Daoliang Li; Wei Zhu; Zetian Fu
The Effect of PV Array Size and Battery Size on the Economics of PV/Diesel/Battery Hybrid RAPS Systems
The Effect of PV Array Size and Battery Size on the Economics of PV/Diesel/Battery Hybrid RAPS WA 6150 Abstract This paper focuses on pv/diesel/battery hybrid RAPS systems meeting loads above 50 kWh per day. The effect of varying the size of the pv array and the battery bank in such systems on both
On-chip hybrid power supply system for wireless sensor nodes
With the miniaturization of electronic devices, small size but high capacity power supply system appears to be more and more important. A hybrid power source, which consists of a fuel cell (FC) and a rechargeable battery, has the advantages of long lifetime ...
Wulong Liu; Yu Wang; Wei Liu; Yuchun Ma; Yuan Xie; Huazhong Yang
Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid System for High-Rate Pulsed Load Applications
Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid System for High-Rate Pulsed Load Applications Donghwa Shin, Younghyun layer capacitors, or simply supercapacitors, have extremely low internal resistance, and a battery-supercapacitor architecture comprising a simple parallel connection does not perform well when the supercapacitor capacity
INTEGRATING THE DESIGN AND RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT OF A HYBRID PV-THERMAL MICROCONCENTRATOR SYSTEM M that the materials from the power electronics industry are also reliable when used in a concentrator PV module and reliability testing have been integrated as concurrent processes, enabling the early optimisation
Research on Fault Diagnosis of Hydropower Unit Based on Expert System and Hybrid Reasoning
With the rapid development of computer and monitoring technologies in recent years, more and more online monitoring equipment of hydropower units have been installed and applied in hydropower plants, and so began the long-term accumulation of data. Although ... Keywords: fault diagnosis, hydropower unit, expert system, hybrid reasoning
Ye Zhou; Luoping Pan
An autonomous hybrid robot system to navigate through unknown maze environments
This paper describes a fully complete autonomous hybrid robot system, named YAM (Yet Another Mouse), that is able to navigate through an unknown maze environment. YAM effectively tackles the problem of how to represent the environment using its sensor ... Keywords: intelligent agents, knowledge representation, path planning, robot competitions
Pedro Ribeiro
On the self-organization of a hybrid peer-to-peer system
Decentralized peer-to-peer (P2P) systems can be classified into unstructured and structured. The former is easy to implement, and often simply uses flooding for search, which can be effective only when target objects are popular or nearby. The latter ... Keywords: Hybrid overlay, Overlay construction, P2P, Structured overlay, Unstructured overlay
Yuh-Jzer Joung; Zhang-Wen Lin
factor satisfies aesthetic demands for general rooftop solar technologies, and is a marked departure fromA 20-SUN HYBRID PV-THERMAL LINEAR MICRO-CONCENTRATOR SYSTEM FOR URBAN ROOFTOP APPLICATIONS D Walter has been developed specifically for urban rooftop environments. The light- weight, low-profile form
Hybrid robust predictive optimization method of power system dispatch
A method of power system dispatch control solves power system dispatch problems by integrating a larger variety of generation, load and storage assets, including without limitation, combined heat and power (CHP) units, renewable generation with forecasting, controllable loads, electric, thermal and water energy storage. The method employs a predictive algorithm to dynamically schedule different assets in order to achieve global optimization and maintain the system normal operation.
Chandra, Ramu Sharat (Niskayuna, NY); Liu, Yan (Ballston Lake, NY); Bose, Sumit (Niskayuna, NY); de Bedout, Juan Manuel (West Glenville, NY)
Simulation of Hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump Systems and Experimental Validation
Hybrid ground source heat pump systems incorporate both ground loop heat exchangers and auxiliary heat rejecters, such as cooling towers, fluid coolers, cooling ponds, or pavement heating systems. The design of the hybrid ground source heat pump system involves many degrees of freedom; e.g. the size of the cooling tower interacts with the control strategy, the ground loop heat exchanger design, and other parameters. This paper presents a simulation of such a system using a direct contact evaporative cooling tower as the supplemental heat rejecter. The simulation is performed in a component-based modeling environment using component models of a vertical ground loop heat exchanger, plate frame heat exchanger, cooling tower, circulating pumps, and heat pumps. Seven months (March to September 2005) of five-minutely experimental data from a hybrid ground source heat pump system were used for validation purposes. The source side of the system consists of two packaged water-to-water heat pumps, a three-borehole ground loop heat exchanger, and a direct contact evaporative cooling tower, isolated by a plate frame heat exchanger. The load side serves two small buildings with hydronic heating and cooling. Experimental validations of each component simulation and the entire system simulation are presented.
Jason E. Gentry; Jeffrey D. Spitler; Daniel E. Fisher; Xiaowei Xu
Heavy Vehicle Systems, Int. J. of Vehicle Design, Vol. 11, Nos. 3/4, 2004 349 Modelling and control of a medium-duty hybrid
engine. Keywords: electric vehicles, electric-vehicle simulation, hybrid electric vehicles, hybrid-duty hybrid electric truck', Int. J. of Heavy Vehicle Systems, Vol. 11, Nos. 3/4, pp. 349Â370. 1 Introduction. Hybrid-electric vehicles (HEV) appear to be one of the most viable technologies with significant
Peng, Huei
Reactor Subsystem Simulation for Nuclear Hybrid Energy Systems
Preliminary system models have been developed by Idaho National Laboratory researchers and are currently being enhanced to assess integrated system performance given multiple sources (e.g., nuclear + wind) and multiple applications (i.e., electricity + process heat). Initial efforts to integrate a Fortran-based simulation of a small modular reactor (SMR) with the balance of plant model have been completed in FY12. This initial effort takes advantage of an existing SMR model developed at North Carolina State University to provide initial integrated system simulation for a relatively low cost. The SMR subsystem simulation details are discussed in this report.
Shannon Bragg-Sitton; J. Michael Doster; Alan Rominger
Design and Evaluation of Hybrid Fault-Detection Systems
As chip densities and clock rates increase, processors are becoming more susceptible to transient faults that can affect program correctness. Up to now, system designers have primarily considered hardware-only and software-only fault-detection mechanisms ...
George A. Reis; Jonathan Chang; Neil Vachharajani; Ram Rangan; David I. August; Shubhendu S. Mukherjee
Hybrid membrane--PSA system for separating oxygen from air
A portable, non-cryogenic, oxygen generation system capable of delivering oxygen gas at purities greater than 98% and flow rates of 15 L/min or more is described. The system consists of two major components. The first component is a high efficiency membrane capable of separating argon and a portion of the nitrogen content from air, yielding an oxygen-enriched permeate flow. This is then fed to the second component, a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit utilizing a commercially available, but specifically formulated zeolite compound to remove the remainder of the nitrogen from the flow. The system is a unique gas separation system that can operate at ambient temperatures, for producing high purity oxygen for various applications (medical, refining, chemical production, enhanced combustion, fuel cells, etc . . . ) and represents a significant advance compared to current technologies.
Staiger, Chad L. (Albuquerque, NM); Vaughn, Mark R. (Albuquerque, NM); Miller, A. Keith (Albuquerque, NM); Cornelius, Christopher J. (Blackburg, VA)
Urban Integrated Industrial Cogeneration Systems Analysis. Phase II final report
Through the Urban Integrated Industrial Cogeneration Systems Analysis (UIICSA), the City of Chicago embarked upon an ambitious effort to identify the measure the overall industrial cogeneration market in the city and to evaluate in detail the most promising market opportunities. This report discusses the background of the work completed during Phase II of the UIICSA and presents the results of economic feasibility studies conducted for three potential cogeneration sites in Chicago. Phase II focused on the feasibility of cogeneration at the three most promising sites: the Stockyards and Calumet industrial areas, and the Ford City commercial/industrial complex. Each feasibility case study considered the energy load requirements of the existing facilities at the site and the potential for attracting and serving new growth in the area. Alternative fuels and technologies, and ownership and financing options were also incorporated into the case studies. Finally, site specific considerations such as development incentives, zoning and building code restrictions and environmental requirements were investigated.
Electric and Hybrid Vehicle System Research and Development Project: Hybrid Vehicle Potential Assessment. Volume VI. Cost analysis
The purpose of the cost analysis is to determine the economic feasibility of a variety of hybrid vehicles with respect to conventional vehicles specifically designed for the same duty cycle defined by the mission analysis. Several different hybrid configurations including parallel, parallel-flywheel, and series vehicles were evaluated. The ramifications of incorporating examples of advanced batteries, these being the advanced lead-acid, nickel-zinc, and sodium sulfur were also investigated. Vehicles were specifically designed with these batteries and for the driving cycles specified by the mission. Simulated operation on the missions yielded the energy consumption (petroleum and/or electricity) over the driving cycles. It was concluded that: in the event that gasoline prices reach $2.50 to $3.00/gal, hybrid vehicles in many applications will become economically competitive with conventional vehicles without subsidization; in some commercial applications hybrid vehicles could be economically competitive, when the gasoline price ranges from $1.20 to $1.50/gal. The cost per kWh per cycle of the advanced batteries is much more important economically than the specific energy; the series hybrid vehicles were found to be more expensive in comparison to the parallel or parallel-flywheel hybrids when designed as passenger vehicles; and hybrid vehicles designed for private use could become economically competitive and displace up to 50% of the fuel normally used on that mission if subsidies of $500 to $2000 were supplied to the owner/operator. (LCL)
Hardy, K.S.
Hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump System Simulation Using Visual Modeling Tool For Hvacsim
This paper presents a simulation of a hybrid ground source heat pump system, performed using a new graphical user interface for HVACSIM+. Hybrid ground source heat pump systems incorporate both ground loop heat exchangers and supplemental heat rejecters, such as cooling towers, cooling ponds, or pavement heating systems. HVACSIM+ capabilities have recently been extended by the addition of ground loop heat exchanger models, water-to-water and waterto-air heat pump models, pavement heating system models, and heat rejection pond models. New component models are discussed and a hybrid ground source heat pump system with heated pavement as a supplemental cooler is simulated using the visual modeling tool. First, though, an introduction to a new graphical user interface for HVACSIM+ is given. The user interface that originally came with the program could not be characterized as user-friendly. The new graphical interface allows users to develop system models by hooking components together. Provisions for controlling the simulation, setting the component parameters, editing the boundary file, and plotting the output are also included.
M. H. Khan; A. Varanasi; J. D. Spitler; D. E. Fisher; R. D. Delahoussaye
Power Quality Issues in a Hybrid Power System: Preprint
We analyzed a power system network, which consisted of two types of power generation: wind turbine generation and diesel generation. The power quality and the interaction of diesel generation, the wind turbine, and the local load were the subjects of investigation. From an energy-production point of view, it is desirable to have as much wind energy production as possible in order to save fuel consumption of the diesel engines and to reduce the level of pollution. From the customer point of view, it is desirable to have good power quality at the receiving end. The purpose of this paper is to show the impact of wind power plant in the entire system. Also, we discuss how the startup of the wind turbine and the transient condition during load changes affects the voltage and frequency in the system.
Muljadi, E.; McKenna, H. E.
Hybrid GPS-GSM Localization of Automobile Tracking System
An integrated GPS-GSM system is proposed to track vehicles using Google Earth application. The remote module has a GPS mounted on the moving vehicle to identify its current position, and to be transferred by GSM with other parameters acquired by the automobile's data port as an SMS to a recipient station. The received GPS coordinates are filtered using a Kalman filter to enhance the accuracy of measured position. After data processing, Google Earth application is used to view the current location and status of each vehicle. This goal of this system is to manage fleet, police automobiles distribution and car theft cautions.
Al-Khedher, Mohammad A
Operation o Solar Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) Hybrid System in KIER
The details of the Photovoltaic Thermal (PVT) hybrid air heating system, UTC air heating system and its effect on the performance of photovoltaic (PV) module and room temperature in KIER are explained in this paper. Two identical test rooms were constructed such that one had unglazed transpired collector on its south facing wall while other had no solar wall. The temperature inside the room with UTC was 10-20oC higher than the temperature inside the room without UTC on a typical winter day. In second set of experiments, 75W PV modules were installed on the south facing walls of each test rooms. The temperature of the PV module with UTC was 5-9?lower than the PV module without UTC resulting in a 6% recovery of output electrical power under the forced ventilation. PVT hybrid system may alleviate burden on conventional energy consumption in Korea for heating the buildings and electricity generation.
Naveed, A.T.; Lee, E. J.; Kang, E. C.
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) (Environmental Management [EM], Office of Packaging and Transportation [EM-45]) Packaging and Certification Program (DOE PCP) has developed a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tracking and monitoring system, called ARG-US, for the management of nuclear materials packages during transportation and storage. The performance of the ARG-US RFID equipment and system has been fully tested in two demonstration projects in April 2008 and August 2009. With the strong support of DOE-SR and DOE PCP, a field testing program was completed in Savannah River Site's K-Area Material Storage (KAMS) Facility, an active Category I Plutonium Storage Facility, in 2010. As the next step (Phase II) of continued vault testing for the ARG-US system, the Savannah River Site K Area Material Storage facility has placed the ARG-US RFIDs into the 910B storage vault for operational testing. This latest version (Mark III) of the Argonne RFID system now has the capability to measure radiation dose and dose rate. This paper will report field testing progress of the ARG-US RFID equipment in KAMS, the operability and reliability trend results associated with the applications of the system, and discuss the potential benefits in enhancing safety, security and materials accountability. The purpose of this Phase II K Area test is to verify the accuracy of the radiation monitoring and proper functionality of the ARG-US RFID equipment and system under a realistic environment in the KAMS facility. Deploying the ARG-US RFID system leads to a reduced need for manned surveillance and increased inventory periods by providing real-time access to status and event history traceability, including environmental condition monitoring and radiation monitoring. The successful completion of the testing program will provide field data to support a future development and testing. This will increase Operation efficiency and cost effectiveness for vault operation. As the next step (Phase II) of continued vault testing for the ARG-US system, the Savannah River Site K Area Material Storage facility has placed the ARG-US RFIDs into the 910B storage vault. Deploying the ARG-US RFID system lends to a reduced need for manned surveillance and increased inventory periods by providing real-time access to status and event history traceability, including radiation and environmental monitoring. The successful completion of the testing program will provide field data to support future development and testing.
Willoner, T.; Turlington, R.; Koenig, R.
Bonfire: a nomadic system for hybrid laptop-tabletop interaction
We present Bonfire, a self-contained mobile computing system that uses two laptop-mounted laser micro-projectors to project an interactive display space to either side of a laptop keyboard. Coupled with each micro-projector is a camera to enable hand ... Keywords: ambient interaction, computer vision, extended display, gestures, laptop, micro-projector, object recognition, peripheral display, surface, tabletop, tangible bits
Shaun K. Kane; Daniel Avrahami; Jacob O. Wobbrock; Beverly Harrison; Adam D. Rea; Matthai Philipose; Anthony LaMarca
Reservoir modeling of the Phase II Hot Dry Rock System
The Phase II system has been created with a series of hydraulic fracturing experiments at the Fenton Hill Hot Dry Rock site. Experiment 2032, the largest of the fracturing operations, involved injecting 5.6 million gallons (21,200m/sup 3/) of water into wellbore EE-2 over the period December 6-9, 1983. The experiment has been modeled using geothermal simulator FEHM developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The modeling effort has produced strong evidence of a large highly fractured reservoir. Two long term heat extraction schemes for the reservoir are studied with the model.
Zyvoloski, G.
Inert Trace Constituent Transport in Sigma and Hybrid Isentropic–Sigma Models. Part II: Twelve Semi-Lagrangian Algorithms
Part I of this paper examined nine trace constituent advection algorithms as applied in channel versions of the University of Wisconsin hybrid isentropic–sigma (?–?) and sigma (?) models. This paper examines the performance of 12 semi-Lagrangian ...
Fred M. Reames; Tom H. Zapotocny
The Hybrid Multicellular–Supercellular Storm—an Efficient Hail Producer. Part II. General Characteristics and Implications for Hail Growth
This paper is the second of a two part series describing what are termed hybrid storms because their characteristics are intermediate to classical multicellular and supercellular storms. Storms that possess this structure are worthy of special ...
Stephan P. Nelson
MPI-hybrid Parallelism for Volume Rendering on Large, Multi-core Systems
This work studies the performance and scalability characteristics of"hybrid'" parallel programming and execution as applied to raycasting volume rendering -- a staple visualization algorithm -- on a large, multi-core platform. Historically, the Message Passing Interface (MPI) has become the de-facto standard for parallel programming and execution on modern parallel systems. As the computing industry trends towards multi-core processors, with four- and six-core chips common today and 128-core chips coming soon, we wish to better understand how algorithmic and parallel programming choices impact performance and scalability on large, distributed-memory multi-core systems. Our findings indicate that the hybrid-parallel implementation, at levels of concurrency ranging from 1,728 to 216,000, performs better, uses a smaller absolute memory footprint, and consumes less communication bandwidth than the traditional, MPI-only implementation.
Howison, Mark; Bethel, E. Wes; Childs, Hank
Hybrid Parallelism for Volume Rendering on Large, Multi-core Systems
This work studies the performance and scalability characteristics of"hybrid'"parallel programming and execution as applied to raycasting volume rendering -- a staple visualization algorithm -- on a large, multi-core platform. Historically, the Message Passing Interface (MPI) has become the de-facto standard for parallel programming and execution on modern parallel systems. As the computing industry trends towards multi-core processors, with four- and six-core chips common today and 128-core chips coming soon, we wish to better understand how algorithmic and parallel programming choices impact performance and scalability on large, distributed-memory multi-core systems. Our findings indicate that the hybrid-parallel implementation, at levels of concurrency ranging from 1,728 to 216,000, performs better, uses a smaller absolute memory footprint, and consumes less communication bandwidth than the traditional, MPI-only implementation.
This work studies the performance and scalability characteristics of"hybrid" parallel programming and execution as applied to raycasting volume rendering -- a staple visualization algorithm -- on a large, multi-core platform. Historically, the Message Passing Interface (MPI) has become the de-facto standard for parallel programming and execution on modern parallel systems. As the computing industry trends towards multi-core processors, with four- and six-core chips common today and 128-core chips coming soon, we wish to better understand how algorithmic and parallel programming choices impact performance and scalability on large, distributed-memory multi-core systems. Our findings indicate that the hybrid-parallel implementation, at levels of concurrency ranging from 1,728 to 216,000, performs better, uses a smaller absolute memory footprint, and consumes less communication bandwidth than the traditional, MPI-only implementation.
LiCl Dehumidifier LiBr absorption chiller hybrid air conditioning system with energy recovery
This invention relates to a hybrid air conditioning system that combines a solar powered LiCl dehumidifier with a LiBr absorption chiller. The desiccant dehumidifier removes the latent load by absorbing moisture from the air, and the sensible load is removed by the absorption chiller. The desiccant dehumidifier is coupled to a regenerator and the desiccant in the regenerator is heated by solar heated hot water to drive the moisture therefrom before being fed back to the dehumidifier. The heat of vaporization expended in the desiccant regenerator is recovered and used to partially preheat the driving fluid of the absorption chiller, thus substantially improving the overall COP of the hybrid system.
Ko, Suk M. (Huntsville, AL)
Methods of chemically converting first materials to second materials utilizing hybrid-plasma systems
In one aspect, the invention encompasses a method of chemically converting a first material to a second material. A first plasma and a second plasma are formed, and the first plasma is in fluid communication with the second plasma. The second plasma comprises activated hydrogen and oxygen, and is formed from a water vapor. A first material is flowed into the first plasma to at least partially ionize at least a portion of the first material. The at least partially ionized first material is flowed into the second plasma to react at least some components of the first material with at least one of the activated hydrogen and activated oxygen. Such converts at least some of the first material to a second material. In another aspect, the invention encompasses a method of forming a synthetic gas by flowing a hydrocarbon-containing material into a hybrid-plasma system. In yet another aspect, the invention encompasses a method of degrading a hydrocarbon-containing material by flowing such material into a hybrid-plasma system. In yet another aspect, the invention encompasses a method of releasing an inorganic component of a complex comprising the inorganic component and an other component, wherein the complex is flowed through a hybrid-plasma system.
Kong, Peter C. (Idaho Falls, ID); Grandy, Jon D. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Small Hybrid Systems and Applications Testing at NREL's Outdoor Test Facility
The PV International Program at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory recently installed a small hybrid solar and wind energy system that could produce enough electricity to power a cabin or provide electricity in a remote village, without being connected to a utility grid. The solar system can provide 1,400 watts of power, and the wind turbine is rated at 900 watts when the wind is blowing at 28 miles per hour. The 48-volt system has eight batteries for storage. When the batteries are fully charged, the control system slows down the wind turbine so as not to overcharge the batteries. The turbine is mounted on a tilt-down, guyless, 30-foot tower that allows one person to easily lower and raise the machine for maintenance. A data acquisition system is being designed to monitor the individual outputs from the solar system and the wind system. The small hybrid system is housed in an insulated shed, the PV International Program's Test Building (ITB). The ITB contains electrical loads found in the average home, including a refrigerator, lights, heaters, air coolers, computers, and a radio.
Roybal, L.
In this paper, a hotel with hybrid geothermal heat pump system (HyGSHP) in the Pensacola is selected and simulated by the transient simulation software package TRNSYS [1]. To verify the simulation results, the validations are conducted by using the monthly average entering water temperature, monthly facility consumption data, and etc. And three types of HVAC systems are compared based on the same building model and HVAC system capacity. The results are presented to show the advantages and disadvantages of HyGSHP compared with the other two systems in terms of energy consumptions, life cycle cost analysis.
Jiang Zhu; Yong X. Tao
In-Use Performance Comparison of Hybrid Electric, CNG, and Diesel Buses at New York City Transit
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) evaluated the performance of diesel, compressed natural gas (CNG), and hybrid electric (equipped with BAE Systems? HybriDrive propulsion system) transit buses at New York City Transit (NYCT). CNG, Gen I and Gen II hybrid electric propulsion systems were compared on fuel economy, maintenance and operating costs per mile, and reliability.
Barnitt, R. A.
Optimization of Electric Power Systems for Off-Grid Domestic Applications: An Argument for Wind/Photovoltaic Hybrids
The purpose of this research was to determine the optimal configuration of home power systems relevant to different regions in the United States. The hypothesis was that, regardless of region, the optimal system would be a hybrid incorporating wind technology, versus a photovoltaic hybrid system without the use of wind technology. The method used in this research was HOMER, the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables. HOMER is a computer program that optimizes electrical configurations under user-defined circumstances. According to HOMER, the optimal system for the four regions studied (Kansas, Massachusetts, Oregon, and Arizona) was a hybrid incorporating wind technology. The cost differences between these regions, however, were dependent upon regional renewable resources. Future studies will be necessary, as it is difficult to estimate meteorological impacts for other regions.
Jennings, W.; Green, J.
Modeling and Analysis of Hydraulic Energy Storage System for Hybrid Locomotives.
??Hybrid locomotive have more than one power source to provide driving power. The prime power source of a hybrid locomotive can be a diesel engine… (more)
Zhang, Boya
Evaluation of 2004 Toyota Prius Hybrid Electric Drive System Interim Report
Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the electrical and mechanical performance of the 2004 Toyota Prius and its hybrid electric drive system. As a hybrid vehicle, the 2004 Prius uses both a gasoline-powered internal combustion engine and a battery-powered electric motor as motive power sources. Innovative algorithms for combining these two power sources results in improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions compared to traditional automobiles. Initial objectives of the laboratory tests were to measure motor and generator back-electromotive force (emf) voltages and determine gearbox-related power losses over a specified range of shaft speeds and lubricating oil temperatures. Follow-on work will involve additional performance testing of the motor, generator, and inverter. Information contained in this interim report summarizes the test results obtained to date, describes preliminary conclusions and findings, and identifies additional areas for further study.
Ayers, C.W.
Blade System Design Study. Part II, final project report (GEC).
As part of the U.S. Department of Energy's Low Wind Speed Turbine program, Global Energy Concepts LLC (GEC)1 has studied alternative composite materials for wind turbine blades in the multi-megawatt size range. This work in one of the Blade System Design Studies (BSDS) funded through Sandia National Laboratories. The BSDS program was conducted in two phases. In the Part I BSDS, GEC assessed candidate innovations in composite materials, manufacturing processes, and structural configurations. GEC also made recommendations for testing composite coupons, details, assemblies, and blade substructures to be carried out in the Part II study (BSDS-II). The BSDS-II contract period began in May 2003, and testing was initiated in June 2004. The current report summarizes the results from the BSDS-II test program. Composite materials evaluated include carbon fiber in both pre-impregnated and vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) forms. Initial thin-coupon static testing included a wide range of parameters, including variation in manufacturer, fiber tow size, fabric architecture, and resin type. A smaller set of these materials and process types was also evaluated in thin-coupon fatigue testing, and in ply-drop and ply-transition panels. The majority of materials used epoxy resin, with vinyl ester (VE) resin also used for selected cases. Late in the project, testing of unidirectional fiberglass was added to provide an updated baseline against which to evaluate the carbon material performance. Numerous unidirectional carbon fabrics were considered for evaluation with VARTM infusion. All but one fabric style considered suffered either from poor infusibility or waviness of fibers combined with poor compaction. The exception was a triaxial carbon-fiberglass fabric produced by SAERTEX. This fabric became the primary choice for infused articles throughout the test program. The generally positive results obtained in this program for the SAERTEX material have led to its being used in innovative prototype blades of 9-m and 30-m length, as well as other non-wind related structures.
Griffin, Dayton A. (DNV Global Energy Concepts Inc., Seattle, WA)
Adaptive Model Predictive Control of the Hybrid Dynamics of a Fuel Cell System.
of conclusions. II. DESCRIPTION OF FUEL CELLS A fuel cell (FC) is a device that generates electricity from of Systems and Automatic of the University of Seville, generates electricity from the chemical reaction hydrogen and oxygen. This is achieved by converting chemical energy of the fuel directly into electricity
Near Term Hybrid Passenger Vehicle Development Program. Phase I, Final report. Appendix C: preliminary design data package. Volume II. Appendices
This appendix to the final report on the Hybrid Passenger Vehicle Development Program contans data on Na-S batteries, Ni-Zn batteries; vehicle body design; tire characteristics; and results of computer simulations of vehicle yaw, pitch, and roll under various driving and aerodynamic conditions. (LCL)
Piccolo, R.
Design and Analysis of Hybrid Solar Lighting and Full-Spectrum Solar Energy Systems
This paper describes a systems-level design and analysis of a new approach for improving the energy efficiency and affordability of solar energy in buildings, namely, hybrid solar lighting and full-spectrum solar energy systems. By using different portions of the solar spectrum simultaneously for multiple end-use applications in buildings, the proposed system offers unique advantages over other alternatives for using sunlight to displace electricity (conventional topside daylighting and solar technologies). Our preliminary work indicates that hybrid solar lighting, a method of collecting and distributing direct sunlight for lighting purposes, will alleviate many of the problems with passive daylighting systems of today, such as spatial and temporal variability, glare, excess illumination, cost, and energy efficiency. Similarly, our work suggests that the most appropriate use of the visible portion of direct, nondiffuse sunlight from an energy-savings perspective is to displace electric light rather than generate electricity. Early estimates detailed in this paper suggest an anticipated system cost of well under $2.0/Wp and 5-11 {cents}/kWh for displaced and generated electricity in single-story commercial building applications. Based on a number of factors discussed in the paper, including sunlight availability, building use scenarios, time-of-day electric utility rates, cost, and efficacy of the displaced electric lights, the simple payback of this approach in many applications could eventually be well under 5 years.
Muhs, J.D.
Initial results from the operation of village hybrid systems in Chile
The government of Chile has undertaken a rural electrification program to electrify 75% of the population by the year 2000. Renewable energy is considered within this program, and its application facilitated through a technical cooperation agreement between Chile`s national energy commission (CNE) and the U.S. Department of Energy. In order to introduce isolated mini-grid hybrid wind-energy systems into Chile, three pilot projects were implemented in Region IX. The goal of the pilot systems is to establish renewables as a viable option for rural electrification in the Chilean context. In this paper we report on the first six months of three pilot projects. Presented as background information are brief descriptions of the power systems, data acquisition systems, and the operation and maintenance (O&M) protocols. Analyses of loads, component performance, system operation, and balance of payments for O&M are the primary points presented. Important lessons learned and future plans are also discussed.
Holz, R.; Baring-Gould, E.I.; Corbus, D. [and others
Leveling Intermittent Renewable Energy Production Through Biomass Gasification-Based Hybrid Systems
The increased use of intermittent renewable power in the United States is forcing utilities to manage increasingly complex supply and demand interactions. This paper evaluates biomass pathways for hydrogen production and how they can be integrated with renewable resources to improve the efficiency, reliability, dispatchability, and cost of other renewable technologies. Two hybrid concepts were analyzed that involve co-production of gaseous hydrogen and electric power from thermochemical biorefineries. Both of the concepts analyzed share the basic idea of combining intermittent wind-generated electricity with a biomass gasification plant. The systems were studied in detail for process feasibility and economic performance. The best performing system was estimated to produce hydrogen at a cost of $1.67/kg. The proposed hybrid systems seek to either fill energy shortfalls by supplying hydrogen to a peaking natural gas turbine or to absorb excess renewable power during low-demand hours. Direct leveling of intermittent renewable electricity production is accomplished with either an indirectly heated biomass gasifier, or a directly heated biomass gasifier. The indirect gasification concepts studied were found to be cost competitive in cases where value is placed on controlling carbon emissions. A carbon tax in the range of $26-40 per metric ton of CO{sub 2} equivalent (CO{sub 2}e) emission makes the systems studied cost competitive with steam methane reforming (SMR) to produce hydrogen. However, some additional value must be placed on energy peaking or sinking for these plants to be economically viable. The direct gasification concept studied replaces the air separation unit (ASU) with an electrolyzer bank and is unlikely to be cost competitive in the near future. High electrolyzer costs and wind power requirements make the hybridization difficult to justify economically without downsizing the system. Based on a direct replacement of the ASU with electrolyzers, hydrogen can be produced for $0.27 premium per kilogram. Additionally, if a non-renewable, grid-mix electricity is used, the hybrid system is found to be a net CO{sub 2}e emitter.
Dean, J.; Braun, R.; Penev, M.; Kinchin, C.; Munoz, D.
Radiation Effects of n-type, Low Resistivity, Spiral Silicon Drift Detector Hybrid Systems
We have developed a new thin-window, n-type, low-resistivity, spiral silicon drift detector (SDD) array - to be used as an extraterrestrial X-ray spectrometer (in varying environments) for NASA. To achieve low-energy response, a thin SDD entrance window was produced using a previously developed method. These thin-window devices were also produced on lower resistivity, thinner, n-type, silicon material, effectively ensuring their radiation hardness in anticipation of operation in potentially harsh radiation environments (such as found around the Jupiter system). Using the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility beam line RERS1, we irradiated a set of suitable diodes up to 5 Mrad and the latest iteration of our ASICs up to 12 Mrad. Then we irradiated two hybrid detectors consisting of newly, such-produced in-house (BNL) SDD chips bonded with ASICs with doses of 0.25 Mrad and 1 Mrad. Also we irradiated another hybrid detector consisting of previously produced (by KETEK) on n-type, high-resistivity SDD chip bonded with BNL's ASICs with a dose of 1 Mrad. The measurement results of radiated diodes (up to 5 Mrad), ASICs (up to 12 Mrad) and hybrid detectors (up to 1 Mrad) are presented here.
Chen W.; De Geronimo G.; Carini, G.A.; Gaskin, J.A.; Keister, J.W.; Li, S.; Li, Z.; Ramsey, B.D.; Siddons, D.P.; Smith, G.C.; Verbitskaya, E.
Development of Diesel Exhaust Aftertreatment System for Tier II Emissions
Due to their excellent fuel efficiency, reliability, and durability, compression ignition direct injection (CIDI) engines have been used extensively to power almost all highway trucks, urban buses, off-road vehicles, marine carriers, and industrial equipment. CIDI engines burn 35 to 50% less fuel than gasoline engines of comparable size, and they emit far less greenhouse gases (Carbon Dioxides), which have been implicated in global warming. Although the emissions of CIDI engines have been reduced significantly over the last decade, there remains concern with the Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) and Particulate Matter (PM) emission levels. In 2000, the US EPA proposed very stringent emissions standards to be introduced in 2007 along with low sulfur (< 15ppm) diesel fuel. The California Air Resource Board (CARB) has also established the principle that future diesel fueled vehicles should meet the same emissions standards as gasoline fueled vehicles and the EPA followed suit with its Tier II emissions regulations. Meeting the Tier II standards requires NOX and PM emissions to be reduced dramatically. Achieving such low emissions while minimizing fuel economy penalty cannot be done through engine development and fuel reformulation alone, and requires application of NOX and PM aftertreatment control devices. A joint effort was made between Cummins Inc. and the Department of Energy to develop the generic aftertreatment subsystem technologies applicable for Light-Duty Vehicle (LDV) and Light-Duty Truck (LDT) engines. This paper provides an update on the progress of this joint development program. Three NOX reduction technologies including plasmaassisted catalytic NOX reduction (PACR), active lean NOX catalyst (LNC), and adsorber catalyst (AC) technology using intermittent rich conditions for NOX reduction were investigated in parallel in an attempt to select the best NOX control approach for light-duty aftertreatment subsystem integration and development. Investigations included system design and analysis, critical lab/engine experiments, and ranking then selection of NOX control technologies against reliability, up-front cost, fuel economy, service interval/serviceability, and size/weight. The results of the investigations indicate that the best NOX control approach for LDV and LDT applications is a NOX adsorber system. A greater than 83% NOX reduction efficiency is required to achieve 0.07g/mile NOX Tier II vehicle-out emissions. Both active lean NOX and PACR technology are currently not capable of achieving the high conversion efficiency required for Tier II, Bin 5 emissions standards. In this paper, the NOX technology assessment and selection is first reviewed and discussed. Development of the selected NOX technology (NOX adsorber) and PM control are then discussed in more detail. Discussion includes exhaust sulfur management, further adsorber formulation development, reductant screening, diesel particulate filter development & active regeneration, and preliminary test results on the selected integrated SOX trap, NOX adsorber, and diesel particulate filter system over an FTP-75 emissions cycle, and its impact on fuel economy. Finally, the direction of future work for continued advanced aftertreatment technology development is discussed. (SAE Paper SAE-2002-01-1867 © 2002 SAE International. This paper is published on this website with permission from SAE International. As a user of this website, you are permitted to view this paper on-line, download this pdf file and print one copy of this paper at no cost for your use only. The downloaded pdf file and printout of this SAE paper may not be copied, distributed or forwarded to others or for the use of others.)
Yu, R. C.; Cole, A. S., Stroia, B. J.; Huang, S. C. (Cummins, Inc.); Howden, Kenneth C.; Chalk, Steven (U.S. Dept. of Energy)
EBR-II argon cooling system restricted fuel handling I and C upgrade
The instrumentation and control of the Argon Cooling System (ACS) restricted fuel handling control system at Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) is being upgraded from a system comprised of many discrete components and controllers to a computerized system with a graphical user interface (GUI). This paper describes the aspects of the upgrade including reasons for the upgrade, the old control system, upgrade goals, design decisions, philosophies and rationale, and the new control system hardware and software.
Start, S.E.; Carlson, R.B.; Gehrman, R.L. [Argonne National Lab., Idaho Falls, ID (United States). Engineering Div.
Expert system applications in support of system diagnostics and prognostics at EBR-II
Expert systems have been developed to aid in the monitoring and diagnostics of the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) in Idaho Falls, Idaho. Systems have been developed for failed fuel surveillance and diagnostics and reactor coolant pump monitoring and diagnostics. A third project is being done jointly by ANL-W and EG G Idaho to develop a transient analysis system to enhance overall plant diagnostic and prognostic capability. The failed fuel surveillance and diagnosis system monitors, processes, and interprets information from nine key plant sensors. It displays to the reactor operator diagnostic information needed to make proper decisions regarding technical specification conformance during reactor operation with failed fuel. 8 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs.
Lehto, W.K.; Gross, K.C. (Argonne National Lab., Idaho Falls, ID (USA); Argonne National Lab., IL (USA))
Blade system design studies volume II : preliminary blade designs and recommended test matrix.
As part of the U.S. Department of Energy's Wind Partnerships for Advanced Component Technologies (WindPACT) program, Global Energy Concepts, LLC is performing a Blade System Design Study (BSDS) concerning innovations in materials, processes and structural configurations for application to wind turbine blades in the multi-megawatt range. The BSDS Volume I project report addresses issues and constraints identified to scaling conventional blade designs to the megawatt size range, and evaluated candidate materials, manufacturing and design innovations for overcoming and improving large blade economics. The current report (Volume II), presents additional discussion of materials and manufacturing issues for large blades, including a summary of current trends in commercial blade manufacturing. Specifications are then developed to guide the preliminary design of MW-scale blades. Using preliminary design calculations for a 3.0 MW blade, parametric analyses are performed to quantify the potential benefits in stiffness and decreased gravity loading by replacement of a baseline fiberglass spar with carbon-fiberglass hybrid material. Complete preliminary designs are then presented for 3.0 MW and 5.0 MW blades that incorporate fiberglass-to-carbon transitions at mid-span. Based on analysis of these designs, technical issues are identified and discussed. Finally, recommendations are made for composites testing under Part I1 of the BSDS, and the initial planned test matrix for that program is presented.
Griffin, Dayton A. (Global Energy Concepts, LLC, Kirkland, WA)
Self-learning control system for plug-in hybrid vehicles
A system is provided to instruct a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle how optimally to use electric propulsion from a rechargeable energy storage device to reach an electric recharging station, while maintaining as high a state of charge (SOC) as desired along the route prior to arriving at the recharging station at a minimum SOC. The system can include the step of calculating a straight-line distance and/or actual distance between an orientation point and the determined instant present location to determine when to initiate optimally a charge depleting phase. The system can limit extended driving on a deeply discharged rechargeable energy storage device and reduce the number of deep discharge cycles for the rechargeable energy storage device, thereby improving the effective lifetime of the rechargeable energy storage device. This "Just-in-Time strategy can be initiated automatically without operator input to accommodate the unsophisticated operator and without needing a navigation system/GPS input.
DeVault; Robert C. (Knoxville, TN)
Costa de Cocos 11-kW wind-diesel hybrid system
Costa de Cocos is a small resort located in the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico. Using the existing diesel generator, the resort`s power system was retrofitted to a wind-hybrid diesel system. The reason for this retrofit was to supply 24-hour power, to reduce diesel fuel by using wind energy, and to reduce diesel air and noise emissions in order to promote ecotourism. The wind system was installed in October 1996 with cost-shared funding from the U.S. Department of Energy/U.S. Agency for International Development renewable energy program in Mexico. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) supplied technical assistance to the project. Discussed in this paper are the system design, installation, and initial performance.
Corbus, D. [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States); Bergey, M. [Bergey Windpower Co., Norman, OK (United States)
Load Sharing in a Hybrid Power System with a PV Panel and a PEM Fuel-Cell
varies with the time of the day. In order to improve the reliability of PV energy and at the same timeLoad Sharing in a Hybrid Power System with a PV Panel and a PEM Fuel-Cell Dachuan Yu S. Yuvarajan power system with PV panels and a PEM fuel cell is described. The system draws the maximum power
Yuvarajan, Subbaraya
Principles of passive and active cooling of mirror-based hybrid systems employing liquid metals
This paper presents principles of passive and active cooling that are suitable to mirrorbased hybrid, nuclear fission/fusion systems. It is shown that liquid metal lead-bismuth cooling of the mirror machine with 25 m height and 1.5 GW thermal power is feasible both in the active mode during the normal operation and in the passive mode after the reactor shutdown. In the active mode the achievable required pumping power can well be below 50 MW, whereas the passive mode provides enough coolant flow to keep the clad temperature below the damage limits.
Anglart, Henryk [Div. of Nuclear Technology, School of Engineering Sciences, Royal Institute of Technology Roslagstullsbacken 21, 106-91 Stockholm (Sweden)
Method of converting an existing vehicle powertrain to a hybrid powertrain system
A method of converting an existing vehicle powertrain including a manual transmission to a hybrid powertrain system with an automated powertrain transmission. The first step in the method of attaching a gear train housing to a housing of said manual transmission, said gear train housing receiving as end of drive shaft of said transmission and rotatably supporting a gear train assembly. Secondly, mounting an electric motor/generator to said gear train housing and attaching a motor/generator drive shaft of said electric motor/generator to said gear train assembly. Lastly, connecting an electro-mechanical clutch actuator to a friction clutch mechanism of said manual transmission.
: " + ; . .Z + II . ? 8 . " ~. . . . a a' .; ,. ?> , . ' . : . ., ! , Environmental i r .,' : % , ~ ~ 9 . / ; i.3. -\ ,- I - 'I ' , 2 " .r: 1; . . , ~ . ,&- c . . a , ,, .,I;< . .' , , ? $ ; 1- !'I' . '...~ - .. :, , .I Closure Report for CAU No. 416 1: ' . Project Shoal Area I:' c!';,: .. 7. .. , . ~ 1 I' ,. Controlled Copy No. UNCONTROLLED { -* .. 4'. . 1 " . .. *. *" '.. . . , , ,I +' , ,.f.' I , I" I ', ', ctk;' . , I , '. :C, , I: : , . p . ? .,; . s . " . , k - ,
Determining System Parameters for Optimal Performance of Hybrid DS/FFH Spread-Spectrum
In recent years there has been great interest in using hybrid spread-spectrum (HSS) techniques for commercial applications, particularly in the Smart Grid, in addition to their use in military communications because they accommodate high data rates with high link integrity, even in the presence of significant multipath effects and interfering signals. A highly useful form of this transmission technique for many types of command, control, and sensing applications is the specific code-related combination of standard direct sequence (DS) modulation with "fast" frequency hopping (FFH), denoted hybrid DS/FFH, wherein multiple frequency hops occur within a single data-bit time. In this paper, an optimization problem is formulated that maximizes the DS/FFH communication system performance in terms of probability of bit error and solves for the system design parameters. The objective function is non-convex and can be solved by applying the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. System design parameters of interest are the length of the DS code sequence, number of frequency hopping channels, number of channels corrupted by wide-band jamming, and number of hops per bit. The proposed formulation takes into account the effects from wide-band and partial-band jamming, multi-user interference and/or varying degrees of Rayleigh and Rician multipath fading. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the method s viability.
Ma, Xiao [ORNL; Olama, Mohammed M [ORNL; Kuruganti, Phani Teja [ORNL; Smith, Stephen Fulton [ORNL; Djouadi, Seddik M [ORNL
Large Hybrid Energy Systems for Making Low CO2 Load-Following Power and Synthetic Fuel
Hybrid energy systems using nuclear heat sources can economically produce load-following electrical power by exploiting the surplus generation capacity available at night or seasonally to make synthetic fuel. Vehicle fuel is the only current energy use large enough to absorb all the energy capacity that might be diverted from the power industry, and its ease of storage obviates problems with discontinuous synfuel production. The potential benefits and challenges of synfuels integration are illustrated by the production of methanol from natural gas (as a source of carbon) using steam from a light water nuclear power reactor which is assumed to be available in accord with a year's worth of power demand data. Methanol's synthesis process is easily adapted to using 300 C heat from a light water reactor and this simple compound can be further processed into gasoline, biodiesel, or dimethyl ether, fuels which can be used with the current vehicle fleet. A supplemental feed to the methanol process of natural gas (for energy) allows operation at constant full rate when the nuclear heat is being used to produce electrical power. The higher capital costs of such a system are offset by a lower cost of heat and power production from a large base load type of plant and by reduced costs associated with much lower CO2 emissions. Other less tangible economic benefits of this and similar hybrid systems include better use of natural resource for fuels and greater energy services security from the domestic production of vehicle fuel.
Robert S. Cherry; Richard D. Boardman; Steven Aumeier
UNDER UNDER DOE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NO. DE-FC26-01NT41245; W(A)-03-016, CH-1141 The Petitioner, Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of General Electric Company (GE HPGS), was awarded this cooperative agreement for the performance of work entitled, "Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Program (SOFC)." The purpose of the cooperative agreement is to develop a fuel-flexible and modular system (3 to 10kW) that can serve as the basis for configuring and crating low-cost, highly efficient, and environmentally benign power plants tailored to specific markets. A second purpose is to assemble and test a packaged system based on the baseline design for a selected specified application and demonstrate cost projections and required operating characteristics.
200 kW, 800 MHz transmitter system for lower hybrid heating
This paper describes a new rf heating system which has just been completed and is now operational on the ATC machine. The system utilizes four UHF TV klystrons to generate at least 200 kW of power at a frequency of 800 MHz. Pulse widths can be varied from 20 $mu$sec up to 20 msec. A radar type floating deck modulator along with photo-optical transmitting and receiving devices have been incorporated into the system to provide the pulse fidelity and versatility which characterizes this equipment. Modular construction was emphasized in the design, when possible, to reduce maintenance and down time in the advent of component falilure. Hybrid combining techniques are utilized in order to provide two 100 kW feeds into the machine. (auth)
Deitz, A.
2$sup 0$K vacuum pumping system for Baseball II
A vacuum pumping system that provides a cryo surface for condensing and freezing of H/sub 2/ gas is described. A closed-loop vacuum system was designed and built at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory to pump down the neutralizer LH/sub e/ dewar with a volurae of 350 l and the lambda point dewar with a LH/sub e/ volume of 250 l. Both of these dewars can be pumped down simultaneously or one at a time. 100% of the H/sub e/ gas is recovered free of contaminations. The vacuum pump can handle 340 SCFM of gas. The LH/sub e/ dewars are pumped down below the lambda point. This condition reduces the LH/sub e/ container wall temperature to 2.1 deg K giving a base pressure of 10/sup -13/ torr for H/sub 2/ gas/sup 2/. To attain a stable condition the LH /sub e/ baths are puuped down to 33 torr or lower to give a surface temperatare of about 2/sup 0/K/sup 3/. The Baseball II helium factlity is a close loop system. The H/sub e/ gas is recovered from all the LH/sub e/ usage point. This gas is accumulated in one of the two 8000 cu ft inflatable gas bags. The gas from the gas bags is compressed into storage tanks at 1800 psig. The gas is purified to 99.99999% and it is liquified at a rate of 100 liquid liters per hour. (auth)
Denhoy, B.S.
High voltage bus and auxiliary heater control system for an electric or hybrid vehicle
A control system for an electric or hybrid electric vehicle includes a vehicle system controller and a control circuit having an electric immersion heater. The heater is electrically connected to the vehicle's high voltage bus and is thermally coupled to a coolant loop containing a heater core for the vehicle's climate control system. The system controller responds to cabin heat requests from the climate control system by generating a pulse width modulated signal that is used by the control circuit to operate the heater at a duty cycle appropriate for the amount of cabin heating requested. The control system also uses the heater to dissipate excess energy produced by an auxiliary power unit and to provide electric braking when regenerative braking is not desirable and manual braking is not necessary. The control system further utilizes the heater to provide a safe discharge of a bank of energy storage capacitors following disconnection of the battery or one of the high voltage connectors used to transmit high voltage operating power to the various vehicle systems. The control circuit includes a high voltage clamping circuit that monitors the voltage on the bus and operates the heater to clamp down the bus voltage when it exceeds a pre-selected maximum voltage. The control system can also be used to phase in operation of the heater when the bus voltage exceeds a lower threshold voltage and can be used to phase out the auxiliary power unit charging and regenerative braking when the battery becomes fully charged.
Murty, Balarama Vempaty (West Bloomfield, MI)
Advanced Hybrid Propulsion and Energy Management System for High Efficiency, Off Highway, 240 Ton Class, Diesel Electric Haul Trucks
The objective of this project is to reduce the fuel consumption of off-highway vehicles, specifically large tonnage mine haul trucks. A hybrid energy storage and management system will be added to a conventional diesel-electric truck that will allow capture of braking energy normally dissipated in grid resistors as heat. The captured energy will be used during acceleration and motoring, reducing the diesel engine load, thus conserving fuel. The project will work towards a system validation of the hybrid system by first selecting an energy storage subsystem and energy management subsystem. Laboratory testing at a subscale level will evaluate these selections and then a full-scale laboratory test will be performed. After the subsystems have been proven at the full-scale lab, equipment will be mounted on a mine haul truck and integrated with the vehicle systems. The integrated hybrid components will be exercised to show functionality, capability, and fuel economy impacts in a mine setting.
Richter, Tim; Slezak, Lee; Johnson, Chris; Young, Henry; Funcannon, Dan
Automated UF6 Cylinder Enrichment Assay: Status of the Hybrid Enrichment Verification Array (HEVA) Project: POTAS Phase II
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) intends to automate the UF6 cylinder nondestructive assay (NDA) verification currently performed by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) at enrichment plants. PNNL is proposing the installation of a portal monitor at a key measurement point to positively identify each cylinder, measure its mass and enrichment, store the data along with operator inputs in a secure database, and maintain continuity of knowledge on measured cylinders until inspector arrival. This report summarizes the status of the research and development of an enrichment assay methodology supporting the cylinder verification concept. The enrichment assay approach exploits a hybrid of two passively-detected ionizing-radiation signatures: the traditional enrichment meter signature (186-keV photon peak area) and a non-traditional signature, manifested in the high-energy (3 to 8 MeV) gamma-ray continuum, generated by neutron emission from UF6. PNNL has designed, fabricated, and field-tested several prototype assay sensor packages in an effort to demonstrate proof-of-principle for the hybrid assay approach, quantify the expected assay precision for various categories of cylinder contents, and assess the potential for unsupervised deployment of the technology in a portal-monitor form factor. We refer to recent sensor-package prototypes as the Hybrid Enrichment Verification Array (HEVA). The report provides an overview of the assay signatures and summarizes the results of several HEVA field measurement campaigns on populations of Type 30B UF6 cylinders containing low-enriched uranium (LEU), natural uranium (NU), and depleted uranium (DU). Approaches to performance optimization of the assay technique via radiation transport modeling are briefly described, as are spectroscopic and data-analysis algorithms.
Jordan, David V.; Orton, Christopher R.; Mace, Emily K.; McDonald, Benjamin S.; Kulisek, Jonathan A.; Smith, Leon E.
Bus application of oxygen-enrichment technology and diesel-electric hybrid systems
The amendments to the Clean Air Act (CAA) mandate very strict limits on particulate, smoke, and other emissions from city buses. The use of alternative fuels, such as compressed natural gas (CNG) or methanol, can help transit operators, such as the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA), meet the mandated limits. However, the capital investment needed to convert the fueling infrastructure and buses is large, as is the expense of training personnel. If a {open_quotes}clean diesel{close_quotes} bus can be implemented with the help of oxygen-enrichment technology or a diesel-electric hybrid system, this large investment could be postponed for many years. The Regional Transportation Authority (RTA) initiated this project to evaluate the possibility of applying these technologies to CTA buses. Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) conducted a limited number of engine tests and computer analyses and concluded that both concepts are practical and will help in a {open_quotes}clean diesel{close_quotes} bus that can meet the mandated limits of the CAA amendments. The oxygen enrichment of combustion air depends on the availability of a compact and economical membrane separator. Because the technology for this critical component is still under development, it is recommended that an actual bus demonstration be delayed until prototype membranes are available. The hybrid propulsion system is ready for the demonstration phase, and it is recommended that the CTA and RTA commence planning for a bus demonstration.
Sekar, R.R.; Marr, W.W.
MW-class hybrid power system based on planar solid oxide stack technology
Scale-Up of Planar SOFC Stack Scale-Up of Planar SOFC Stack Technology for MW-Level Combined Cycle System Final Report TIAX LLC Acorn Park Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140-2390 Reference: D0136 Submitted to NETL October 3, 2003 1 NETL-Hybrid Scale-UP/D0136/SS/V1 1 Executive Summary 2 Background, Objectives & Approach 3 SOFC Cell Geometry and Modeling 4 SOFC Power Scale-up 5 System Design and Costs 6 Conclusions & Recommendations A Appendix 2 NETL-Hybrid Scale-UP/D0136/SS/V1 Executive Summary SECA Strategy NETL wanted to understand if and how SECA-style anode-supported SOFC stacks could be scaled-up for use in MW-level combined cycle plants. * SECA strategy relies on the use of modular, mass produced, SOFC stacks in the 3 - 10 kW capacity range for a wide range of applications. * Technical feasibility small-scale applications has been evaluated by SECA:
Rooftop PV system. Final technical progress report, Phase II
Under this four-year PV:BONUS Program, ECD and United Solar are developing and demonstrating two new lightweight flexible building integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) modules specifically designed as exact replacements for conventional asphalt shingles and standing seam metal roofing. These modules can be economically and aesthetically integrated into new residential and commercial buildings, and address the even larger roofing replacement market. The modules are designed to be installed by roofing contractors without special training which minimizes the installation and balance of system costs. The modules will be fabricated from high-efficiency, multiple-junction a-Si alloy solar cells developed by ECD and United Solar. Under the Phase I Program, which ended in March 1994, we developed two different concept designs for rooftop PV modules: (1) the United Solar overlapping (asphalt shingle replacement) shingle-type modules and (2) the ECD metal roof-type modules. We also developed a plan for fabricating, testing and demonstrating these modules. Candidate demonstration sites for our rooftop PV modules were identified and preliminary engineering designs for these demonstrations were developed; a marketing study plan was also developed. The major objectives of the Phase II Program, which started in June 1994 was (1) to develop, test, and qualify these new rooftop modules; (2) to develop mechanical and electrical engineering specifications for the demonstration projects; and (3) to develop a marketing/commercialization plan.
Solar Electric Generating System II finite element analysis
On June 2, 1992, Landers` earthquake struck the Solar Electric Generating System II, located in Daggett, California. The 30 megawatt power station, operated by the Daggett Leasing Corporation (DLC), suffered substantial damage due to structural failures in the solar farm. These failures consisted of the separation of sliding joints supporting a distribution of parabolic glass mirrors. At separation, the mirrors fell to the ground and broke. It was the desire of the DLC and the Solar Thermal Design Assistance Center (STDAC) of Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and to redesign these joints so that, in the event of future quakes, costly breakage will be avoided. To accomplish this task, drawings of collector components were developed by the STDAC, from which a detailed finite element computer model of a solar collector was produced. This nonlinear dynamic model, which consisted of over 8,560 degrees of freedom, underwent model reduction to form a low order nonlinear dynamic model containing only 40 degrees of freedom. This model was then used as a design tool to estimate joint dynamics. Using this design tool, joint configurations were modified, and an acceptable joint redesign determined. The results of this analysis showed that the implementation of metal stops welded to support shafts for the purpose of preventing joint separation is a suitable joint redesign. Moreover, it was found that, for quakes of Landers` magnitude, mirror breakage due to enhanced vibration in the trough assembly is unlikely.
Dohner, J.L.; Anderson, J.R.
Application of system safety framework in hybrid socio-technical environment of Eurasia
The political transformation and transition of post-Soviet societies have led to hybrid structures in political, economic and technological domains. In such hybrid structures the roles of government, state enterprise, ...
Abdymomunov, Azamat
A hybridGaussian-discrete variable representation approach to molecular continuum processes II: application to photoionization of diatomic Li2+
We describe an approach for studying molecular photoionization with a hybrid basis that combines the functionality of analytic basis sets to represent electronic coordinates near the nuclei of a molecule with numerically-defined grid-based functions. We discuss the evaluation of the various classes of two-electron integrals that occur in a hybrid basis consisting of Gaussian type orbitals (GTOs) and discrete variable representation (DVR) functions. This combined basis is applied to calculate single photoionization cross sections for molecular Li_2+, which has a large equilibrium bond distance (R=5.86a_0). The highly non-spherical nature of Li_2+ molecules causes higher angular momentum components to contribute significantly to the cross section even at low photoelectron energies, resulting in angular distributions that appear to be f-wave dominated near the photoionization threshold. At higher energies, where the de Broglie wavelength of the photoelectron becomes comparable with the bond distance, interference effects appear in the photoionization cross section. These interference phenomena appear at much lower energies than would be expected for diatomic targets with shorter internuclear separations.
Rescigno, Thomas N; Yip, Frank L.; McCurdy, C. William; Rescigno, Thomas N.
Evaluation of 2004 Toyota Prius Hybrid Electic Drive System Interim Report - Revised
The 2004 Toyota Prius is a hybrid automobile equipped with a gasoline engine and a battery-powered electric motor. Both of these motive power sources are capable of providing mechanical drive power for the vehicle. The engine can deliver a peak power output of 57 kilowatts (kW) at 5000 revolutions per minute (rpm) while the motor can deliver a peak power output of 50 kW at 1300 rpm. Together, this engine-motor combination has a specified peak power output of 82 kW at a vehicle speed of 85 kilometers per hour (km/h). In operation, the 2004 Prius exhibits superior fuel economy compared to conventionally powered automobiles. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the electrical and mechanical performance of the 2004 Toyota Prius and its hybrid electric drive system. As a hybrid vehicle, the 2004 Prius uses both a gasoline-powered internal combustion engine and a battery-powered electric motor as motive power sources. Innovative algorithms for combining these two power sources results in improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions compared to traditional automobiles. Initial objectives of the laboratory tests were to measure motor and generator back-electromotive force (emf) voltages and determine gearbox-related power losses over a specified range of shaft speeds and lubricating oil temperatures. Follow-on work will involve additional performance testing of the motor, generator, and inverter. Information contained in this interim report summarizes the test results obtained to date, describes preliminary conclusions and findings, and identifies additional areas for further study.
Ayers, C.W.; Hsu, J.S.; Marlino, L.D.; Miller, C.W.; Ott, G.W., Jr.; Oland, C.B.; Burress, T.A.
Energy Storage Systems Considerations for Grid-Charged Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Preprint
This paper calculates battery power and energy requirements for grid-charged hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) with different operating strategies.
Prediction and Optimization of a Ceramic Casting Process Using A Hierarchical Hybrid System of Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic
optimization for use in the ceramics industry. A prediction module estimates two quality metrics of slipPrediction and Optimization of a Ceramic Casting Process Using A Hierarchical Hybrid System)1 Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering Dunstan Hall Auburn University Auburn University
Smith, Alice E.
Mesoscale hybrid calibration artifact
A mesoscale calibration artifact, also called a hybrid artifact, suitable for hybrid dimensional measurement and the method for make the artifact. The hybrid artifact has structural characteristics that make it suitable for dimensional measurement in both vision-based systems and touch-probe-based systems. The hybrid artifact employs the intersection of bulk-micromachined planes to fabricate edges that are sharp to the nanometer level and intersecting planes with crystal-lattice-defined angles.
Tran, Hy D. (Albuquerque, NM); Claudet, Andre A. (Albuquerque, NM); Oliver, Andrew D. (Waltham, MA)
Hybrid space heating/cooling system with Trombe wall, underground venting, and assisted heat pump
Our goal was to design and monitor a hybrid solar system/ground loop which automatically assists the standard, thermostatically controlled home heating/cooling system. The input from the homeowner was limited to normal thermostat operations. During the course of the project it was determined that to effectively gather data and control the various component interactions, a micro-computer based control system would also allow the HVAC system to be optimized by simple changes to software. This flexibility in an untested concept helped us to achieve optimum system performance. Control ranged from direct solar heating and direct ground loop cooling modes, to assistance of the heat pump by both solar space and ground loop. Sensors were strategically placed to provide data on response of the Trombe wall (surface, 4 in. deep, 8 in. deep), and the ground loop (inlet, 3/4 length, outlet). Micro-computer hardware and computer programs were developed to make cost effective decisions between the various modes of operation. Although recent advances in micro-computer hardware make similar control systems more readily achievable utilizing standard components, attention to the decision making criteria will always be required.
Shirley, J.W.; James, L.C.; Stevens, S.; Autry, A.N.; Nussbaum, M.; MacQueen, S.V.
Life-cycle analysis results for geothermal systems in comparison to other power systems: Part II.
A study has been conducted on the material demand and life-cycle energy and emissions performance of power-generating technologies in addition to those reported in Part I of this series. The additional technologies included concentrated solar power, integrated gasification combined cycle, and a fossil/renewable (termed hybrid) geothermal technology, more specifically, co-produced gas and electric power plants from geo-pressured gas and electric (GPGE) sites. For the latter, two cases were considered: gas and electricity export and electricity-only export. Also modeled were cement, steel and diesel fuel requirements for drilling geothermal wells as a function of well depth. The impact of the construction activities in the building of plants was also estimated. The results of this study are consistent with previously reported trends found in Part I of this series. Among all the technologies considered, fossil combustion-based power plants have the lowest material demand for their construction and composition. On the other hand, conventional fossil-based power technologies have the highest greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, followed by the hybrid and then two of the renewable power systems, namely hydrothermal flash power and biomass-based combustion power. GHG emissions from U.S. geothermal flash plants were also discussed, estimates provided, and data needs identified. Of the GPGE scenarios modeled, the all-electric scenario had the highest GHG emissions. Similar trends were found for other combustion emissions.
Sullivan, J.L.; Clark, C.E.; Yuan, L.; Han, J.; Wang, M. (Energy Systems)
River Protection Project Integrated safety management system phase II verification report, volumes I and II - 8/19/99
The Department of Energy policy (DOE P 450.4) is that safety is integrated into all aspects of the management and operations of its facilities. In simple and straightforward terms, the Department will ''Do work safely.'' The purpose of this River Protection Project (RPP) Integrated Safety Management System (ISMS) Phase II Verification was to determine whether ISMS programs and processes are implemented within RFP to accomplish the goal of ''Do work safely.'' The goal of an implemented ISMS is to have a single integrated system that includes Environment, Safety, and Health (ES&H) requirements in the work planning and execution processes to ensure the protection of the worker, public, environment, and federal property over the RPP life cycle. The ISMS is comprised of the (1) described functions, components, processes, and interfaces (system map or blueprint) and (2) personnel who are executing those assigned roles and responsibilities to manage and control the ISMS. Therefore, this review evaluated both the ''paper'' and ''people'' aspects of the ISMS to ensure that the system is implemented within RPP. Richland Operations Office (RL) conducted an ISMS Phase I Verification of the TWRS from September 28-October 9, 1998. The resulting verification report recommended that TWRS-RL and the contractor proceed with Phase II of ISMS verification given that the concerns identified from the Phase I verification review are incorporated into the Phase II implementation plan.
SNAP II is the designation for a nuclear auxiliary power unit, designed primarily for utilization in the WS117L satellite vehicle. The SNAP II system consists of a reactor heat source, a mercury Rankin engin, and an alternator. Dynamic analysis of the power conversion system was conducted utilizing a comprehensive analog computer simulation. Feasibility of a parasitic load control for numerous system disturbances was demonstrated. (auth)
Deibel, D.L.; Mrava, G.L.; Seldner, K.
SNAP II is the designation for a 3 kw nuclear auxiliary power unit to be used in a satellite vehicle. The SNAP II system consist of a reactor heat source, a mercury Rankine engine, and an alternator. A two stage, full admission, axial flow turbine was chosen for this APU application. Design details and test results are presented. (auth).
Poulos, E.N.; Furman, E.R.
Polygeneration system based on low temperature solid oxide fuel cell/micro gas turbine hybrid system.
?? Polygeneration systems attract attention recently because of their high efficiency and low emission compare to the conventional power generation technology. Three different polygeneration systems… (more)
Samavati, Mahrokh
Method and apparatus for effecting light-off of a catalytic converter in a hybrid powertrain system
A powertrain system includes a hybrid transmission and an internal combustion engine coupled to an exhaust aftertreatment device. A method for operating the powertrain system includes operating the hybrid transmission to generate tractive torque responsive to an operator torque request with the internal combustion engine in an engine-off state so long as the tractive torque is less than a threshold. The internal combustion engine is operated in an engine-on state at preferred operating conditions to effect light-off of the exhaust aftertreatment device and the hybrid transmission is coincidentally operated to generate tractive torque responsive to the operator torque request when the operator torque request exceeds the threshold. The internal combustion engine is then operated in the engine-on state to generate tractive torque responsive to the operator torque request.
Roos, Bryan Nathaniel; Spohn, Brian L
Many industrial facilities utilize pressure control gradients to prevent migration of hazardous species from containment areas to occupied zones, often using Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control. Within these facilities, PID control is often inadequate to maintain desired performance due to changing operating conditions. As the goal of the Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) control system is to optimize the pressure gradients and associated flows for the plant, Linear Quadratic Tracking (LQT) provides a time-based approach to guiding plant interactions. However, LQT methods are susceptible to modeling and measurement errors, and therefore a hybrid design using the integration of soft control methods with hard control methods is developed and demonstrated to account for these errors and nonlinearities.
Craig Rieger; D. Subbaram Naidu
Dual-Mode Hybrid/Two-Mode Hybrid Accomplishment
Dual-Mode Hybrid/Two-Mode Hybrid Accomplishment Dual-Mode Hybrid/Two-Mode Hybrid Accomplishment DOE-funded research, in collaboration with Allison Buses and General Motors Corporation has led to the commercialization of a dramatically different hybrid transmission system for heavy-duty and light-duty applications. The Dual-Mode or Two-Mode hybrid system is an infinitely variable speed hybrid transmission that works with the engine and battery system and automatically chooses to operate in a parallel or series hybrid path to maximize efficiency and minimize emissions, fuel consumption and noise. Parallel and Series hybrid configurations are found on most hybrid vehicles today, both with their own pluses and minuses. The Dual- Mode/Two-Mode systems uses the positive characteristics from both systems to maximize fuel
FreedomCAR :electrical energy storage system abuse test manual for electric and hybrid electric vehicle applications.
This manual defines a complete body of abuse tests intended to simulate actual use and abuse conditions that may be beyond the normal safe operating limits experienced by electrical energy storage systems used in electric and hybrid electric vehicles. The tests are designed to provide a common framework for abuse testing various electrical energy storage systems used in both electric and hybrid electric vehicle applications. The manual incorporates improvements and refinements to test descriptions presented in the Society of Automotive Engineers Recommended Practice SAE J2464 ''Electric Vehicle Battery Abuse Testing'' including adaptations to abuse tests to address hybrid electric vehicle applications and other energy storage technologies (i.e., capacitors). These (possibly destructive) tests may be used as needed to determine the response of a given electrical energy storage system design under specifically defined abuse conditions. This manual does not provide acceptance criteria as a result of the testing, but rather provides results that are accurate and fair and, consequently, comparable to results from abuse tests on other similar systems. The tests described are intended for abuse testing any electrical energy storage system designed for use in electric or hybrid electric vehicle applications whether it is composed of batteries, capacitors, or a combination of the two.
Doughty, Daniel Harvey; Crafts, Chris C.
Final LDRD report human interaction with complex systems: advances in hybrid reachability and control.
This document describes new advances in hybrid reachability techniques accomplished during the course of a one-year Truman Postdoctoral Fellowship. These techniques provide guarantees of safety in complex systems, which is especially important in high-risk, expensive, or safety-critical systems. My work focused on new approaches to two specific problems motivated by real-world issues in complex systems: (1) multi-objective controller synthesis, and (2) control for recovery from error. Regarding the first problem, a novel application of reachability analysis allowed controller synthesis in a single step to achieve (a) safety, (b) stability, and (c) prevent input saturation. By extending the state to include the input parameters, constraints for stability, saturation, and envelope protection are incorporated into a single reachability analysis. Regarding the second problem, a new approach to the problem of recovery provides (a) states from which recovery is possible, and (b) controllers to guide the system during a recovery maneuver from an error state to a safe state in minimal time. Results are computed in both problems on nonlinear models of single longitudinal aircraft dynamics and two-aircraft lateral collision avoidance dynamics.
Oishi, Meeko M.
Wales, Alaska High Penetration Wind-Diesel Hybrid Power System: Theory of Operation
To reduce the cost of rural power generation and the environmental impact of diesel fuel usage, the Alaska Energy Authority (AEA), Kotzebue Electric Association (KEA, a rural Alaskan utility), and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), began a collaboration in late 1995 to implement a high-penetration wind-diesel hybrid power system in a village in northwest Alaska. The project was intended to be both a technology demonstration and a pilot for commercial replication of the system in other Alaskan villages. During the first several years of the project, NREL focused on the design and development of the electronic controls, the system control software, and the ancillary components (power converters, energy storage, electric dump loads, communications links, etc.) that would be required to integrate new wind turbines with the existing diesels in a reliable highly automated system. Meanwhile, AEA and KEA focused on project development activities, including wind resource assessment, site selection and permitting, community relationship building, and logistical planning. Ultimately, the village of Wales, Alaska, was chosen as the project site. Wales is a native Inupiat village of approximately 160 inhabitants, with an average electric load of about 75 kW.
Drouilhet, S.; Shirazi, M.
Application of a new hybrid neuro-evolutionary system for day-ahead price forecasting of electricity markets
In this paper, a new forecast strategy is proposed for day-ahead prediction of electricity prices, which are so valuable for both producers and consumers in the new competitive electric power markets. However, electricity price has a nonlinear, volatile ... Keywords: Evolutionary algorithm, Hybrid neuro-evolutionary system, Neural network, Price forecast
Nima Amjady; Farshid Keynia
2 15.10.2013 Van D. BaxterVolker Weinmann Hybrid heat pump system as chance for the
pumps Condensing gas and oil boilers DHW tanks Solar panels Under floor heating Installation equipment condsing Oil non condensing Heat pumps Biomass 612.500638.000550.000 618.500762.000751.500 735#12;2 15.10.2013 Van D. BaxterVolker Weinmann Hybrid heat pump system as chance for the renovation
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Modeling, Control and Prototyping of Alternative Energy Storage Systems for Hybrid Vehicles.
??Electrochemical batteries are typically considered for secondary energy storage device on hybrid vehicles. Still other forms of energy storage are receiving considerable interest today. In… (more)
Samuel Durair Raj, Kingsly Jebakumar
System Modeling and Energy Management Strategy Development for Series Hybrid Vehicles .
??A series hybrid electric vehicle is a vehicle that is powered by both an engine and a battery pack. An electric motor provides all of… (more)
Cross, Patrick Wilson
Why Basin And Range Systems Are Hard To Find Ii- Structural Model Of The
Why Basin And Range Systems Are Hard To Find Ii- Structural Model Of The Why Basin And Range Systems Are Hard To Find Ii- Structural Model Of The Producing Geothermal System In Dixie Valley, Nevada Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference Paper: Why Basin And Range Systems Are Hard To Find Ii- Structural Model Of The Producing Geothermal System In Dixie Valley, Nevada Details Activities (4) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: Dixie Valley is the hottest (> 285°C at 3 km) and one of the largest geothermal systems (63 MW power plant operated for over 20 years) in the Basin and Range province. The heat source is deep circulation in a high heat flow, highly fractured upper crust without a significant magmatic thermal input. Many hot springs in the Basin and Range Province share the characteristics of the Dixie Valley system. Major geothermal resource
Hybrid energy storage systems based on compressed air and supercapacitors with maximum efficiency point tracking
This paper presents a hybrid energy storage system based on Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES), where the charging and discharging is done within maximum efficiency conditions. As the maximum efficiency conditions impose the level of converted power, an intermittent time-modulated operation mode is applied to the thermodynamic converter to obtain a variable converted power. A smoothly variable output power is achieved with the help of a supercapacitive auxiliary storage device used as a filter. The paper describes the concept of the system, the power-electronic interface circuits and especially the Maximum Efficiency Point Tracking (MEPT) algorithm and the strategy used to vary the output power. In addition, the paper will present the characteristics of a high efficiency storage device where the pure pneumatic machine is replaced by an oil-hydraulics and pneumatics converter, used under isothermal conditions. Practical results are also presented, recorded from a low-power pneumatic motor coupled to a small DC generator, as well as from a first prototype of the final hydraulic/pneumatic system.
Sylvain Lemofouet; Alfred Rufer
Ammonia Production and Utilization in a Hybrid LNT+SCR System
A hybrid LNT+SCR system is used to control NOx from a light-duty diesel engine with in-cylinder regeneration controls. A diesel oxidation catalyst and diesel particulate filter are upstream of the LNT and SCR catalysts. Ultraviolet (UV) adsorption spectroscopy performed directly in the exhaust path downstream of the LNT and SCR catalysts is used to characterize NH3 production and utilization in the system. Extractive exhaust samples are analyzed with FTIR and magnetic sector mass spectrometry (H2) as well. Furthermore, standard gas analyzers are used to complete the characterization of exhaust chemistry. NH3 formation increases strongly with extended regeneration (or over regeneration ) of the LNT, but the amount of NOx reduction occurring over the SCR catalyst is limited by the amount of NH3 produced as well as the amount of NOx available downstream of the LNT. Control of lean-rich cycling parameters enables control of the ratio of NOx reduction between the LNT and SCR catalysts. During lean-rich cycling, fuel penalties are similar for either LNT dominant or LNT with supplemental SCR NOx reduction. However, stored NH3 after multiple lean-rich cycles can enable continued NOx reduction by the SCR after lean-rich cycling stops; thus, requirements for active regeneration of the LNT+SCR system can be modified during transient operation.
Prikhodko, Vitaly Y [ORNL; Parks, II, James E [ORNL
SNAP II is the designation for a 3 kw nuclear auxiliary power unit to be used in a satellite vehicle. The SNAP II System consists of a reactor heat source, a boiler, a Hg Rankine engine, an alternator, and a condenser. The corrosion and subsequent mass transfer resulting from the use of Hg as the thermodynamic wo:king fluid are important considerations in the selection of materials for the SNAP II System. Consequently, corrosion and mass transfer behavior were under study for the past three years. Recent results of this study are presented and the corrosion mechanisms involved are discussed. (auth)
Nejedlik, J.F.
A Novel Integrated Magnetic Structure Based DC/DC Converter for Hybrid Battery/Ultracapacitor Energy Storage Systems
This manuscript focuses on a novel actively controlled hybrid magnetic battery/ultracapacitor based energy storage system (ESS) for vehicular propulsion systems. A stand-alone battery system might not be sufficient to satisfy peak power demand and transient load variations in hybrid and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (HEV, PHEV). Active battery/ultracapacitor hybrid ESS provides a better solution in terms of efficient power management and control flexibility. Moreover, the voltage of the battery pack can be selected to be different than that of the ultracapacitor, which will result in flexibility of design as well as cost and size reduction of the battery pack. In addition, the ultracapacitor bank can supply or recapture a large burst of power and it can be used with high C-rates. Hence, the battery is not subjected to supply peak and sharp power variations, and the stress on the battery will be reduced and the battery lifetime would be increased. Utilizing ultracapacitor results in effective capturing of the braking energy, especially in sudden braking conditions.
Onar, Omer C [ORNL
Analysis of the Performance Benefits of Short-Term Energy Storage in Wind-Diesel Hybrid Power Systems
A variety of prototype high penetration wind-diesel hybrid power systems have been implemented with different amounts of energy storage. They range from systems with no energy storage to those with many hours worth of energy storage. There has been little consensus among wind-diesel system developers as to the appropriate role and amount of energy storage in such systems. Some researchers advocate providing only enough storage capacity to supply power during the time it takes the diesel genset to start. Others install large battery banks to allow the diesel(s) to operate at full load and/or to time-shift the availability of wind-generated electricity to match the demand. Prior studies indicate that for high penetration wind-diesel systems, short-term energy storage provides the largest operational and economic benefit. This study uses data collected in Deering, Alaska, a small diesel-powered village, and the hybrid systems modeling software Hybrid2 to determine the optimum amount of short-term storage for a particular high penetration wind-diesel system. These findings were then generalized by determining how wind penetration, turbulence intensity, and load variability affect the value of short term energy storage as measured in terms of fuel savings, total diesel run time, and the number of diesel starts.
Shirazi, M.; Drouilhet, S.
ABSTRACT Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is developing an automated UF6 cylinder verification station concept based on the combined collection of traditional enrichment-meter (186 keV photons from U-235) data and non-traditional, neutron-induced, high-energy gamma-signatures (3-8.5 MeV) with an array of collimated, medium-resolution scintillators. Previous (2010) work at PNNL demonstrated proof-of-principle that this hybrid method yields accurate, full-volume assay of the cylinder enrichment, reduces systematic errors when compared to several other enrichment assay methods, and provides simplified instrumentation and algorithms suitable for long-term unattended operations. We used Monte Carlo modeling with MCNP5 to support system design (e.g., number and configuration of detector arrays, and design of iron/poly collimators for enhanced (n,?) conversion) and enrichment algorithm development. We developed a first-generation modeling framework in 2010. These tools have since been expanded, refined and benchmarked against field measurements with a prototype system of a 30B cylinder population (0.2 to 4.95 weight % U-235). The MCNP5 model decomposes the radiation transport problem into a linear superposition of "basis spectra" representing contributions from the different uranium isotopes and gamma-ray generation mechanisms (e.g. neutron capture). This scheme accommodates fast generation of "virtual assay signatures" for arbitrary enrichment, material age, and fill variations. Ongoing (FY-2011) refinements to the physics model include accounting for generation of bremsstrahlung photons, arising primarily from the beta decay of Pa-234m, a U-238 daughter. We are using the refined model to optimize collimator design for the hybrid method. The traditional assay method benefits from a high degree of collimation (to isolate each detector's field-of-view) and relatively small detector area, while the non-traditional method benefits from a wide field-of-view, i.e. less collimation and larger detectors. We implement the enrichment-meter method by applying a square-wave digital filter to a raw spectrum and extracting the 186-keV peak area directly from the convolute spectrum. Ongoing enhancements to this approach include mitigating a systematic peak-area measurement deficit arising from curvature in the spectrum continuum shape. An optimized system prototype based on model results is utilized in a new set of 2011 field measurements, and model and measurement enrichment assay uncertainties are compared.
McDonald, Benjamin S.; Jordan, David V.; Orton, Christopher R.; Mace, Emily K.; Smith, Leon E.; Wittman, Richard S.
Testing of a 50-kW wind-diesel hybrid system at the National Wind Technology Center
To further the development of commercial hybrid power systems, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), in collaboration with the New World Village Power Corporation (NWVP), tested a NWVP 50-kW wind-diesel hybrid system connected to a 15/50 Atlantic Orient Corporation (AOC) wind turbine. Testing was conducted from October 1995 through March 1996 at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC). A main objective of the testing was to better understand the application of wind turbines to weak grids typical of small villages. Performance results contained in this paper include component characterization, such as power conversion losses for the rotary converter systems and battery round trip efficiencies. In addition, systems operation over this period is discussed with special attention given to dynamic issues. Finally, future plans for continued testing and research are discussed.
Corbus, D.A.; Green, J.; Allderdice, A.; Rand, K.; Bianchi, J. [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States); Linton, E. [New World Village Power, Waitsfield, VT (United States)
Ocean Thermal Energy Conservation (OTEC) power system development (PDS) II. Preliminary design report
This report documents the results and conclusions of the PDS II, Phase I, preliminary design of a 10 MWe OTEC power system, using enhanced plate type heat exchangers, and of representative 0.2 MWe test articles. It further provides the documentation (specifications, drawings, trade studies, etc.) resulting from the design activities. The data and discussions of the technical concepts are organized to respond to the PDS II, Phase II proposal evaluation criteria. This volume, which specifically addresses the three evaluation categories (heat exchangers, rotating machinery, and power system configuration and performance) is an integral part of the Phase II plans (proposal) which describe the technical approach to delivering test articles to OTEC-1. In addition, there is a section which addresses power system cost and net energy analysis and another which discusses the results of stainless steel feasibility studies. Supporting documentation is contained in two appendix volumes.
Project Assessment & Reporting System (PARS II) Release Notes: Version 8.0.20120308
Project Assessment & Project Assessment & Reporting System (PARS II) Release Notes: Version 8.0.20120308 Release Date: 05/19/2012 Achieving Management and Operational Excellence Page 2 PARS II - Enhancements New and improved functionality was released in Version 8.0.20120308 of PARS II. This release offers PARS II Users a significant number of enhancements across all facets of the application. These enhancements include additional refinements to the "look and feel" of the system. Enhancements are a result of community/User recommendations. System usability as well as providing improved means for data collection, validation and reporting were strategically designed and tested over the past several months. An explanation of each enhancement ,
Performance of hybrid quad generation system consisting of solid oxide fuel cell system and
or tri-generation systems. Specifically, it suits better for applications, such food industry, where.1 Background The existing cogeneration (e.g. heat and power) and trigeneration (e.g. heating, cooling and power to decrease the primary energy consumption [1]. The trigeneration systems derive from those for cogeneration
Liso, Vincenzo
Applying the Toyota Production System to a Hospital Pharmacy Durward K. Sobek, II
Applying the Toyota Production System to a Hospital Pharmacy Durward K. Sobek, II Dept research project to apply the principles of the Toyota Production System to a hospital pharmacy. We. Keywords: Toyota Production System, health care, lean manufacturing 1. Introduction The Toyota Production
Sobek II, Durward K.
Hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) solar systems simulation with Simulink/Matlab
The purpose of this work consists in thermodynamic modeling of hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV/T) solar systems, pursuing a modular strategy approach provided by Simulink/Matlab. PV/T solar systems are a recently emerging solar technology that allows for the simultaneous conversion of solar energy into both electricity and heat. This type of technology present some interesting advantages over the conventional ''side-by-side'' thermal and PV solar systems, such as higher combined electrical/thermal energy outputs per unit area, and a more uniform and aesthetical pleasant roof area. Despite the fact that early research on PV/T systems can be traced back to the seventies, only recently it has gained a renewed impetus. In this work, parametric studies and annual transient simulations of PV/T systems are undertaken in Simulink/Matlab. The obtained results show an average annual solar fraction of 67%, and a global overall efficiency of 24% (i.e. 15% thermal and 9% electrical), for a typical four-person single-family residence in Lisbon, with p-Si cells, and a collector area of 6 m{sup 2}. A sensitivity analysis performed on the PV/T collector suggests that the most important variable that should be addressed to improve thermal performance is the photovoltaic (PV) module emittance. Based on those results, some additional improvements are proposed, such as the use of vacuum, or a noble gas at low-pressure, to allow for the removal of PV cells encapsulation without air oxidation and degradation, and thus reducing the PV module emittance. Preliminary results show that this option allows for an 8% increase on optical thermal efficiency, and a substantial reduction of thermal losses, suggesting the possibility of working at higher fluid temperatures. The higher working temperatures negative effect in electrical efficiency was negligible, due to compensation by improved optical properties. The simulation results are compared with experimental data obtained from other authors and perform reasonably well. The Simulink modeling platform has been mainly used worldwide on simulation of control systems, digital signal processing and electric circuits, but there are very few examples of application to solar energy systems modeling. This work uses the modular environment of Simulink/Matlab to model individual PV/T system components, and to assemble the entire installation layout. The results show that the modular approach strategy provided by Matlab/Simulink environment is applicable to solar systems modeling, providing good code scalability, faster developing time, and simpler integration with external computational tools, when compared with traditional imperative-oriented programming languages. (author)
da Silva, R.M.; Fernandes, J.L.M. [Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon (Portugal)
Experimental Breeder Reactor-II Primary Tank System Wash Water Workshop
Pre-Developmental Pre-Developmental INL EBR-II Wash Water Treatment Technologies (PBS # ADSHQTD0100 (0003199)) EBR-II Wash Water Workshop - The majority of the sodium has been removed, remaining material is mostly passivated. Similar closure projects have been successfully completed. Engineering needs to be developed to apply the OBA path. Page 1 of 2 Idaho National Laboratory Idaho Experimental Breeder Reactor-II Primary Tank System Wash Water Workshop Challenge In 1994 Congress ordered the shutdown of the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) and a closure project was initiated. The facility was placed in cold shutdown, engineering began on sodium removal, the sodium was drained in 2001 and the residual sodium chemically passivated to render it less reactive in 2005. Since that time, approximately 700 kg of metallic sodium and 3500 kg of sodium bicarbonate remain in the facility. The
FUTURA: Hybrid System for Electric Load Forecasting by Using Case-Based Reasoning and Expert System
The results of combining a numeric extrapolation of data with the methodology of case-based reasoning and expert systems in order to improve the electric load forecasting are presented in this contribution. Registers of power consumption are stored as ...
Raúl Vilcahuamán; Joaquim Meléndez; Josep Lluis de la Rosa
Feasibility Study for Photovoltaics, Wind, solar Hot Water and Hybrid Systems
Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute (SIPI) located in Albuquerque New Mexico is a community college that serves American Indians and Alaska Natives. SIPI's student body represents over 100 Native American Tribes. SIPI completed a renewable energy feasibility study program and established renewable energy hardware on the SIPI campus, which supplements and creates an educational resource to teach renewable energy courses. The SIPI campus is located, and has as student origins, areas, in which power is an issue in remote reservations. The following hardware was installed and integrated into the campus facilities: small wind turbine, large photovoltaic array that is grid-connected, two photovoltaic arrays, one thin film type, and one polycrystalline type, one dual-axis active tracker and one passive tracker, a hot air system for heating a small building, a portable hybrid photovoltaic system for remote power, and a hot water system to preheat water used in the SIPI Child Care facility. Educational curriculum has been developed for two renewable energy courses one being the study of energy production and use, and especially the roles renewable energy forms like solar, wind, geothermal, hydro, and biomass plays, and the second course being a more advanced in-depth study of renewable energy system design, maintenance, installation, and applications. Both courses rely heavily on experiential learning techniques so that installed renewable energy hardware is continuously utilized in hand-on laboratory activities and are part of the Electronics program of studies. Renewable energy technologies and science has also been included in other SIPI programs of study such as Environmental Science, Natural Resources, Agriculture, Engineering, Network Management, and Geospatial Technology.
Hooks, Ronald; Montoya, Valerie
Digestion of frozen/thawed food waste in the hybrid anaerobic solid-liquid system
The hybrid anaerobic solid-liquid (HASL) system, which is a modified two-phase anaerobic digester, is to be used in an industrial scale operation to minimize disposal of food waste at incineration plants in Singapore. The aim of the present research was to evaluate freezing/thawing of food waste as a pre-treatment for its anaerobic digestion in the HASL system. The hydrolytic and fermentation processes in the acidogenic reactor were enhanced when food waste was frozen for 24 h at -20 deg. C and then thawed for 12 h at 25 deg. C (experiment) in comparison with fresh food waste (control). The highest dissolved COD concentrations in the leachate from the acidogenic reactors were 16.9 g/l on day 3 in the control and 18.9 g/l on day 1 in the experiment. The highest VFA concentrations in the leachate from the acidogenic reactors were 11.7 g/l on day 3 in the control and 17.0 g/l on day 1 in the experiment. The same volume of methane was produced during 12 days in the control and 7 days in the experiment. It gave the opportunity to diminish operational time of batch process by 42%. The effect of freezing/thawing of food waste as pre-treatment for its anaerobic digestion in the HASL system was comparable with that of thermal pre-treatment of food waste at 150 deg. C for 1 h. However, estimation of energy required either to heat the suspended food waste to 150 deg. C or to freeze the same quantity of food waste to -20 deg. C showed that freezing pre-treatment consumes about 3 times less energy than thermal pre-treatment.
Stabnikova, O. [School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798 (Singapore)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Liu, X.Y.; Wang, J.Y. [School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798 (Singapore)
Automatic Mesh Adaptivity for Hybrid Monte Carlo/Deterministic Neutronics Modeling of Fusion Energy Systems
Three mesh adaptivity algorithms were developed to facilitate and expedite the use of the CADIS and FW-CADIS hybrid Monte Carlo/deterministic techniques in accurate full-scale neutronics simulations of fusion energy systems with immense sizes and complicated geometries. First, a macromaterial approach enhances the fidelity of the deterministic models without changing the mesh. Second, a deterministic mesh refinement algorithm generates meshes that capture as much geometric detail as possible without exceeding a specified maximum number of mesh elements. Finally, a weight window coarsening algorithm decouples the weight window mesh and energy bins from the mesh and energy group structure of the deterministic calculations in order to remove the memory constraint of the weight window map from the deterministic mesh resolution. The three algorithms were used to enhance an FW-CADIS calculation of the prompt dose rate throughout the ITER experimental facility and resulted in a 23.3% increase in the number of mesh tally elements in which the dose rates were calculated in a 10-day Monte Carlo calculation. Additionally, because of the significant increase in the efficiency of FW-CADIS simulations, the three algorithms enabled this difficult calculation to be accurately solved on a regular computer cluster, eliminating the need for a world-class super computer.
Ibrahim, Ahmad M [ORNL; Wilson, P. [University of Wisconsin; Sawan, M. [University of Wisconsin; Mosher, Scott W [ORNL; Peplow, Douglas E. [ORNL; Grove, Robert E [ORNL
A decision support technique for the design of hybrid solar-wind power systems
This paper presents a decision support technique to help decision makers study the influencing factors in the design of a hybrid solar-wind power system (HSWPS) for grid-linked applications. These factors relate mainly to political and social conditions, and to technical advances and economics. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to quantify the various divergencies of opinions, practices and events that lead to confusion and uncertainties in planning HSWPS. The trade-off/risk method is used to generate multiple plans under 16 different futures and obtain the corresponding trade-off curves. Unlike the traditional 2-D simulation, a novel modeling of a trade-off surface in 3-D space is presented where the knee set is determined using the minimum distance approach. Robust and inferior plans are segregated based on their frequent occurrence din the conditional decision set of each future and hedging analysis to reduce risk is performed in order to assign alternative options in case risky futures occur.
Chedid, R.; Akiki, H. [American Univ. of Beirut, New York, NY (United States). Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering] [American Univ. of Beirut, New York, NY (United States). Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Rahman, S. [Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA (United States). Center for Energy and the Global Environment] [Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA (United States). Center for Energy and the Global Environment
Optimal control of remote hybrid power systems. Part 1: Simplified model
In this two-part study, time-series models are used to determine optimal dispatch strategies, in conjunction with optimally-sized components, in remote hybrid power systems. The objective of the dispatch optimization is to minimize the costs associated with diesel fuel, diesel starts, and battery erosion, based on a thorough economic analysis of present worth life-cycle cost. An ideal predictive control strategy is used as a basis of comparison. In Part 1 (reported here), a simplified time-series model is used to obtain preliminary conceptual results. These results illustrate the nature of the optimal dispatch strategy and indicate that a simple SOC setpoint strategy can be practically as effective as the ideal predictive control. In Part 2 (at a later date), a more detailed model will be used to obtain more accurate, quantitative results. The authors anticipate that these results will be correlated to dimensionless economic, design, and performance parameters, rendering them useful as design guidelines over a wide variety of load profiles, climates, equipment specifications, and economic variables.
Barley, C D [Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States). Mechanical Engineering Dept.; [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States). Wind Technology Div.; Winn, C B [Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO (United States); Flowers, L; Green, H J [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States). Wind Technology Div.
Power and phase monitoring system for the lower hybrid phased array heating system on ATC machine
A four waveguide phased array slow wave structure has been constructed to couple microwave energy into plasma in the ATC Tokamac at Princeton. Theory has indicated that the coupling of power into the plasma column is a strong function of the imposed fourier spectrum at the antenna aperture. To optimize heating, and to verify theoretical results, a precision amplitude and phase monitoring system has been designed and constructed. The system data output is routed to an IBM 1800 computer where the fourier spectrum in n/sub parallel/ space is computed for discrete increments of time during an RF pulse. Computer output data is used to update the adjustment of transmission line parameters in between pulses. (auth)
Reed, B.W.
The Inverse Ocean Modeling System. Part II: Applications
The Inverse Ocean Modeling (IOM) System is a modular system for constructing and running weak-constraint four-dimensional variational data assimilation (W4DVAR) for any linear or nonlinear functionally smooth dynamical model and observing array. ...
J. C. Muccino; H. Luo; H. G. Arango; D. Haidvogel; J. C. Levin; A. F. Bennett; B. S. Chua; G. D. Egbert; B. D. Cornuelle; A. J. Miller; E. Di Lorenzo; A. M. Moore; E. D. Zaron
Conceptual design and systems analysis of photovoltaic power systems. Volume II. Systems. Revised final report
Conceptual designs were made and analyses were performed on three types of solar photovoltaic power systems. Included were Residential (1--10 kW), Intermediate (0.1--10 MW), and Central (50--1000 MW) Power Systems to be installed in the 1985 to 2000 time period. Detailed descriptions of each of the three systems studied, descriptions of the necessary subsystems, and discussions of the interfaces between them are presented. Included also are descriptions of system performance and system cost used to perform an economic analysis which assesses the value of each system.
Pittman, P.F.
Design and Control of the Propulsion System of a Series Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Hybrid Electric Vehicles, HEV, are an attractive opportunity to use new energy sources in road transportation, not only to minimize fuel consumption but also to reduce air pollution. Efforts are being made to improve the HEV electrical subsystems, such ...
Patricia Caratozzolo; Manuel Canseco
Hybrid Parallelism for Volume Rendering on Large, Multi- and Many-core Systems
With the computing industry trending towards multi- and many-core processors, we study how a standard visualization algorithm, ray-casting volume rendering, can benefit from a hybrid parallelism approach. Hybrid parallelism provides the best of both worlds: using distributed-memory parallelism across a large numbers of nodes increases available FLOPs and memory, while exploiting shared-memory parallelism among the cores within each node ensures that each node performs its portion of the larger calculation as efficiently as possible. We demonstrate results from weak and strong scaling studies, at levels of concurrency ranging up to 216,000, and with datasets as large as 12.2 trillion cells. The greatest benefit from hybrid parallelism lies in the communication portion of the algorithm, the dominant cost at higher levels of concurrency. We show that reducing the number of participants with a hybrid approach significantly improves performance.
Design of hybrid optio-vision tracking system with active RFID
An investigation in current RFID technology with an envision design of a hybrid setup with Active RFID and camera technology. Current Active RFID technologies focus on dynamic mesh networks with complex functionality on ...
Hilton, Eric, S. B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Technical Information on the Carbonation of the EBR-II Reactor, Summary Report Part 2: Application to EBR-II Primary Sodium System and Related Systems
Residual sodium is defined as sodium metal that remains behind in pipes, vessels, and tanks after the bulk sodium metal has been melted and drained from such components. The residual sodium has the same chemical properties as bulk sodium, and differs from bulk sodium only in the thickness of the sodium deposit. Typically, sodium is considered residual when the thickness of the deposit is less than 5-6 cm. This residual sodium must be removed or deactivated when a pipe, vessel, system, or entire reactor is permanently taken out of service, in order to make the component or system safer and/or to comply with decontamination and decomissioning regulations. As an alternative to the established residual sodium deactivation techniques (steam-and-nitrogen, wet vapor nitrogen, etc.), a technique involving the use of moisture and carbon dioxide has been developed. With this technique, sodium metal is converted into sodium bicarbonate by reacting it with humid carbon dioxide. Hydrogen is emitted as a by-product. This technique was first developed in the laboratory by exposing sodium samples to humidifed carbon dioxide under controlled conditions, and then demonstrated on a larger scale by treating residual sodium within the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) secondary cooling system, followed by the primary cooling system, respectively. The EBR-II facility is located at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) in southeastern Idaho, USA. This report is Part 2 of a two-part report. This second report provides a supplement to the first report and describes the application of the humdidified carbon dioxide technique ("carbonation") to the EBR-II primary tank, primary cover gas systems, and the intermediate heat exchanger. Future treatment plans are also provided.
Steven R. Sherman; Collin J. Knight
Fault tree analysis of the EBR-II reactor shutdown system
As part of the level I Probabilistic Risk Assessment of the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II), detailed fault trees for the reactor shutdown system are developed. Fault tree analysis is performed for two classes of transient events that are of particular importance to EBR-II operation: loss-of-flow and transient-overpower. In all parts of EBR-II reactor shutdown system, redundancy has been utilized in order to reduce scram failure probability. Therefore, heavy emphasis is placed in the fault trees on the common cause failures (CCFs) among similar mechanical components of the control and safety rods and among similar electrical components in redundant detection channels and shutdown strings. Generic beta-factors that cover all types of similar components and reflect redundancy level are used to model the CCFs. Human errors are addressed in the fault trees in two major areas: errors that would prevent the automatic scram channels from detecting the abnormal events and errors that would prevent utilization of the manual scram capability. The fault tree analysis of the EBR-II shutdown system has provided not only a systematic process for calculating the probabilities of system failures but also useful insights into the system and how its elements interact during transient events that require shutdown.
Kamal, S.A.; Hill, D.J.
Heavy vehicle hybrid propulsion systems R and D program plan, FY 2000-2005
This report contains the program plan and background information for the Heavy Vehicle Hybrid Propulsion R and D Program sponsored by the Department of Energy's Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies. The program is a collaboration between industry and government established for the development of advanced hybrid-electric propulsion technology for urban cycle trucks and buses. It targets specific applications to enhance potential market success. Potential end-users are also involved.
The Heavy Ion Fusion Science Virtual National Laboratory (HIFS-VNL) is currently finalizing the design of NDCX-II, the second phase of the Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment, which will use an ion beam to explore Warm Dense Matter (WDM) and Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) target hydrodynamics. The ion induction accelerator will include induction cells and Blumleins from the decommissioned Advanced Test Accelerator (ATA) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). A test stand has been built at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) to test refurbished ATA induction cells and pulsed power hardware for voltage holding and ability to produce various compression and acceleration waveforms. The performance requirements, design modifications, and test results will be presented.
Waldron, W.L.; Reginato, L.L.; Leitner, M.
Conventional Facilities Chapter 6: HVAC Systems 6-1 NSLS-II Preliminary Design Report
Conventional Facilities Chapter 6: HVAC Systems 6-1 NSLS-II Preliminary Design Report 6 MECHANICAL Â HVAC SYSTEMS 6.1 Design Criteria 6.1.1 Codes and Standards The latest edition of the codes, standards have adequate capacity and head, no chilled water pumps #12;Conventional Facilities Chapter 6: HVAC
Ohta, Shigemi
Power management strategy based on adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system for fuel cell-battery hybrid vehicle
A power management strategy based on an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system is proposed to enhance the fuel economy of fuel cell-battery hybrid vehicle and increase the mileage of continuation of journey. The model of hybrid vehicle for fuel cell-battery structure is developed by electric vehicle simulation software advisor. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can satisfy the power requirement of four standard drive cycles and achieve the power distribution between fuel cell system and battery. The comprehensive comparisons with a power tracking control strategy which is widely adopted in advisor verify that the proposed strategy has better validity in terms of fuel economy in four standard drive cycles. Hence
Qi Li; Weirong Chen; Shukui Liu; Zhiyu You; Shiyong Tao; Yankun Li
OTEC riser cable system, Phase II: conceptual design
Studies are summarized of conceptual designs of riser cable systems for OTEC pilot plants of both the spar and plantship configurations located at sites off the southeast coast of Puerto Rico. The studies utilize a baseline pilot plant riser cable, the design of which has been developed and reported on in other reports. Baseline riser cable systems for OTEC pilot plants are identified, system hardware consistent with these designs are conceptualized, and comparisons of the various system concepts are provided. It is concluded that there are three riser cable systems feasible for a spar pilot plant platform at the Punta Yeguas site, and two riser cable systems feasible at the plantship pilot plant at the Punta Tuna site. Recommendations for further investigations in the areas of materials, hardware design and pre-installation site surveys are also addressed.
Program on Technology Innovation: Feasibility Study of Using a Thermosyphon Cooler Hybrid System to Reduce Cooling Tower Water Consu mption
This Technical Update describes the initial work accomplished by a feasibility study for using a newly developed Thermosyphon Cooler (TSC) Hybrid System to reduce cooling-tower water consumption at steam power plants. The report outlines the overall project and then details the applicable codes and standards that would apply to this technology. It also briefly touches on the literature and patents relating to this field. It describes the rationale and constraints involved in setting up the ...
Materials for Clean Coal Power and CCS Systems II
Feb 15, 2010 ... Materials in Clean Power Systems V: Clean Coal-, Hydrogen Based- Technologies, Fuel Cells, and Materials for Energy Storage: Materials for ...
Increasing the capacity of the Tory II-C Side Support System
The Tory II-C lateral suspension has been designed for 4 g`s of lateral acceleration of the duct. Calculations and model tests indicate that this requirement has been met or exceeded. In order to have a more realistic model to test, Tory II-C springs are going to be fitted around the full scale core slice which was previously built up. Instrumented accelerations of this assembly should give the most direct demonstration that is possible of the response of the system to flight. This memorandum discusses, knowing the capabilities of the present system, the design changes necessary to suit different maximum accelerations by increasing the capacity of the Tory II-C side support system.
Platt, E. A.; Smiley, P.
Testing of a 50-kW Wind-Diesel Hybrid System at the National Wind Technology Center
In remote off-grid villages and communities, a reliable power source is important in improving the local quality of life. Villages often use a diesel generator for their power, but fuel can be expensive and maintenance burdensome. Including a wind turbine in a diesel system can reduce fuel consumption and lower maintenance, thereby reducing energy costs. However, integrating the various components of a wind-diesel system, including wind turbine, power conversion system, and battery storage (if applicable), is a challenging task. To further the development of commercial hybrid power systems, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), in collaboration with the New World Village Power Corporation (NWVP), tested a NWVP 50-kW wind-diesel hybrid system connected to a 15/50 Atlantic Orient Corporation (AOC) wind turbine. Testing was conducted from October 1995 through March 1996 at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC). A main objective of the testing was to better understand the application of wind turbines to weak grids typical of small villages. Performance results contained in this report include component characterization, such as power conversion losses for the rotary converter system and battery round trip efficiencies. In addition, system operation over the test period is discussed with special attention given to dynamic issues. Finally, future plans for continued testing and research are discussed.
Corbus, D. A.; Green, H. J.; Allderdice, A.; Rand, K.; Bianchi, J.; Linton, E.
Assimilation of Radar Radial Velocity Data with the WRF Hybrid Ensemble–3DVAR System for the Prediction of Hurricane Ike (2008)
An enhanced version of the hybrid ensemble–three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) system for the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) is applied to the assimilation of radial velocity (Vr) data from two coastal Weather ...
Yongzuo Li; Xuguang Wang; Ming Xue
Assimilating AMSU-A Radiances in TC Core Area with NOAA Operational HWRF (2011) and a Hybrid Data Assimilation System: Danielle (2010)
A regional hybrid variational-ensemble data assimilation system (HVEDAS), the Maximum Likelihood Ensemble Filter (MLEF), is applied to the 2011 version of the NOAA operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) model to evaluate the ...
Man Zhang; Milija Zupanski; Min-Jeong Kim; John A. Knaff
Retrofitting of Conditioning Systems for Existing Small Commercial Buildings - Analysis and Design of Liquid Desiccant - Vapor Compression Hybrid
The combination of several concepts of new energy technologies may make it possible to reduce the energy needs for thermal comfort, especially cooling and dehumidification, in small sized, single-story commercial buildings. The potentials and limitations of retrofit technology for these characteristic structures have been the focus of the experience gained through the design and installation of a system adapted to a building constructed in the early 1960's. The existing split package air conditioning system was combined with a desiccant air-conditioning unit with a waste heat and solar heat reclaim component. While this retrofit system is feasible, a number of questions remain to be considered regarding the design, installation and operation of the total system. This paper focuses on the practical applications of such a hybrid system - both architectural/construction issues and the mechanical components/system considerations.
Arnas, O. A.; McQueen, T. M.
Laser Intertial Fusion Energy: Neutronic Design Aspects of a Hybrid Fusion-Fission Nuclear Energy System
This study investigates the neutronics design aspects of a hybrid fusion-fission energy system called the Laser Fusion-Fission Hybrid (LFFH). A LFFH combines current Laser Inertial Confinement fusion technology with that of advanced fission reactor technology to produce a system that eliminates many of the negative aspects of pure fusion or pure fission systems. When examining the LFFH energy mission, a significant portion of the United States and world energy production could be supplied by LFFH plants. The LFFH engine described utilizes a central fusion chamber surrounded by multiple layers of multiplying and moderating media. These layers, or blankets, include coolant plenums, a beryllium (Be) multiplier layer, a fertile fission blanket and a graphite-pebble reflector. Each layer is separated by perforated oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) ferritic steel walls. The central fusion chamber is surrounded by an ODS ferritic steel first wall. The first wall is coated with 250-500 {micro}m of tungsten to mitigate x-ray damage. The first wall is cooled by Li{sub 17}Pb{sub 83} eutectic, chosen for its neutron multiplication and good heat transfer properties. The {sub 17}Pb{sub 83} flows in a jacket around the first wall to an extraction plenum. The main coolant injection plenum is immediately behind the Li{sub 17}Pb{sub 83}, separated from the Li{sub 17}Pb{sub 83} by a solid ODS wall. This main system coolant is the molten salt flibe (2LiF-BeF{sub 2}), chosen for beneficial neutronics and heat transfer properties. The use of flibe enables both fusion fuel production (tritium) and neutron moderation and multiplication for the fission blanket. A Be pebble (1 cm diameter) multiplier layer surrounds the coolant injection plenum and the coolant flows radially through perforated walls across the bed. Outside the Be layer, a fission fuel layer comprised of depleted uranium contained in Tristructural-isotropic (TRISO) fuel particles having a packing fraction of 20% in 2 cm diameter fuel pebbles. The fission blanket is cooled by the same radial flibe flow that travels through perforated ODS walls to the reflector blanket. This reflector blanket is 75 cm thick comprised of 2 cm diameter graphite pebbles cooled by flibe. The flibe extraction plenum surrounds the reflector bed. Detailed neutronics designs studies are performed to arrive at the described design. The LFFH engine thermal power is controlled using a technique of adjusting the {sup 6}Li/{sup 7}Li enrichment in the primary and secondary coolants. The enrichment adjusts system thermal power in the design by increasing tritium production while reducing fission. To perform the simulations and design of the LFFH engine, a new software program named LFFH Nuclear Control (LNC) was developed in C++ to extend the functionality of existing neutron transport and depletion software programs. Neutron transport calculations are performed with MCNP5. Depletion calculations are performed using Monteburns 2.0, which utilizes ORIGEN 2.0 and MCNP5 to perform a burnup calculation. LNC supports many design parameters and is capable of performing a full 3D system simulation from initial startup to full burnup. It is able to iteratively search for coolant {sup 6}Li enrichments and resulting material compositions that meet user defined performance criteria. LNC is utilized throughout this study for time dependent simulation of the LFFH engine. Two additional methods were developed to improve the computation efficiency of LNC calculations. These methods, termed adaptive time stepping and adaptive mesh refinement were incorporated into a separate stand alone C++ library name the Adaptive Burnup Library (ABL). The ABL allows for other client codes to call and utilize its functionality. Adaptive time stepping is useful for automatically maximizing the size of the depletion time step while maintaining a desired level of accuracy. Adaptive meshing allows for analysis of fixed fuel configurations that would normally require a computationally burdensome number of depletion zones. Alternatively, Adaptive M
Kramer, K
Mirror fusion--fission hybrids
The fusion-fission concept and the mirror fusion-fission hybrid program are outlined. Magnetic mirror fusion drivers and blankets for hybrid reactors are discussed. Results of system analyses are presented and a reference design is described.
Lee, J.D.
Desiccant-Based Combined Systems: Integrated Active Desiccant Rooftop Hybrid System Development and Testing Final Report- Phase 4
This report summarizes the results of a research and development (R&D) program to design and optimize an active desiccant-vapor compression hybrid rooftop system. The primary objective was to combine the strengths of both technologies to produce a compact, high-performing, energy-efficient system that could accommodate any percentage of outdoor air and deliver essentially any required combination of temperature and humidity, or sensible heat ratio (SHR). In doing so, such a product would address the significant challenges imposed on the performance capabilities of conventional packaged rooftop equipment by standards 62 and 90.1 of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. The body of work completed as part of this program built upon previous R&D efforts supported by the U.S. Department of Energy and summarized by the Phase 3b report ''Active Desiccant Dehumidification Module Integration with Rooftop Packaged HVAC Units'' (Fischer and Sand 2002), in addition to Fischer, Hallstrom, and Sand 2000; Fischer 2000; and Fischer and Sand 2004. All initial design objectives established for this development program were successfully achieved. The performance flexibility desired was accomplished by a down-sized active desiccant wheel that processes only a portion of the supply airflow, which is pre-conditioned by a novel vapor compression cycle. Variable-speed compressors are used to deliver the capacity control required by a system handling a high percentage of outdoor air. An integrated direct digital control system allows for control capabilities not generally offered by conventional packaged rooftop systems. A 3000-cfm prototype system was constructed and tested in the SEMCO engineering test laboratory in Columbia, MO, and was found to operate in an energy-efficient fashion relative to more conventional systems. Most important, the system offered the capability to independently control the supply air temperature and humidity content to provide individual sensible and latent loads required by an occupied space without over-cooling and reheating air. The product was developed using a housing construction similar to that of a conventional packaged rooftop unit. The resulting integrated active desiccant rooftop (IADR) is similar in size to a currently available conventional rooftop unit sized to provide an equivalent total cooling capacity. Unlike a conventional rooftop unit, the IADR can be operated as a dedicated outdoor air system processing 100% outdoor air, as well as a total conditioning system capable of handling any ratio of return air to outdoor air. As part of this R&D program, a detailed investigation compared the first cost and operating cost of the IADR with costs for a conventional packaged approach for an office building located in Jefferson City, MO. The results of this comparison suggest that the IADR approach, once commercialized, could be cost-competitive with existing technology--exhibiting a one-year to two-year payback period--while simultaneously offering improved humidity control, indoor air quality, and energy efficiency.
Fischer, J
Advanced Coal Wind Hybrid: Economic Analysis
LBNL-1248E Advanced Coal Wind Hybrid: Economic Analysis Principal Authors Amol Phadke1 , Charles;Advanced Coal Wind Hybrid: Economic Analysis ii LBNL-1248E Advanced Coal Wind Hybrid: Economic Analysis and Analysis of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. #12;#12;Advanced Coal
Calibration of the Accuscan II In Vivo System for I-125 Thyroid Counting
This report describes the March 2011 calibration of the Accuscan II HpGe In Vivo system for I-125 thyroid counting. The source used for the calibration was a DOE manufactured Am-241/Eu-152 source contained in a 22 ml vial BEA Am-241/Eu-152 RMC II-1 with energies from 26 keV to 344 keV. The center of the detector housing was positioned 64 inches from the vault floor. This position places the approximate center line of the detector housing at the center line of the source in the phantom thyroid tube. The energy and efficiency calibration were performed using an RMC II phantom (Appendix J). Performance testing was conducted using source BEA Am-241/Eu-152 RMC II-1 and Validation testing was performed using an I-125 source in a 30 ml vial (I-125 BEA Thyroid 002) and an ANSI N44.3 phantom (Appendix I). This report includes an overview introduction and records for the energy/FWHM and efficiency calibration including performance verification and validation counting. The Accuscan II system was successfully calibrated for counting the thyroid for I-125 and verified in accordance with ANSI/HPS N13.30-1996 criteria.
Ovard R. Perry; David L. Georgeson
Third Annual DOE/U.N. Hybrid Conference and Workshop
Third Annual DOE/U.N. Hybrid Conference and Workshop Third Annual DOE/U.N. Hybrid Conference and Workshop May 13-15, 2003 Table of Contents Disclaimer Papers and Presentations Welcome and Introduction Keynote Addresses Session I - Test Results from Sub-MW Hybrids Session II - Hybrid System Studies Session III - Renewable Hybrid Systems Session IV - Hybrid Component Studies Session V - Hybrid Evolution and Deployment Session VI - Market Applications Results from Workshop Break Out Groups [PDF-36KB] Disclaimer This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government or any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
Study on Hybrid Solar Energy and Ground-Source Heat Pump System
Aim at the weakness of more influenced by the environment etc. factor and the heat flow density lower when the solar energy was make use of heating, so the design method of the hybrid solar energy and ground-source heat pump is proposed, and the operating ... Keywords: solar energy, ground-source, heat pump, coefficient of performance
Liu Yi; Li Bing-xi; Zhou Yi; Fu Zhong-bin; Xu Xin-hai
Charge migration efficiency optimization in hybrid electrical energy storage (HEES) systems
Electrical energy is high-quality form of energy, and thus it is beneficial to store the excessive electric energy in the electrical energy storage (EES) rather than converting into a different type of energy. Like memory devices, no single type of EES ... Keywords: charge management, charge migration, hybrid electrical energy storage
Yanzhi Wang; Younghyun Kim; Qing Xie; Naehyuck Chang; Massoud Pedram
A hybrid fuzzy-probabilistic system for risk analysis in petroleum exploration prospects
Petroleum exploration is an economical activity where many billions of dollars are invested every year. Despite these enormous investments, it is still considered a classical example of decision-making under uncertainty. In this paper, a new hybrid fuzzy-probabilistic ... Keywords: Fuzzy logic, Fuzzy modeling, Petroleum exploration, Prospect appraisal, Uncertainty risk analysis
Mauro Roisenberg; Cíntia Schoeninger; Reneu Rodrigues da Silva
Towards a hybrid row-column database for a cloud-based medical data management system
Medical data management becomes a real exigency. The emergence of new medical imaging techniques and the necessity to access medical information at any time have led to an inevitable need to find new advanced solutions for managing these critical data. ... Keywords: DICOM, cloud computing, hybrid database, medical imaging
Baraa Mohamad; Laurent d'Orazio; Le Gruenwald
Project CRAFT: A Real-Time Delivery System for NEXRAD Level II Data Via the Internet
The NOAA NWS announced at the annual meeting of the American Meteorological Society in February 2003 its intent to create an Internet-based pseudo-operational system for delivering Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) Level II data. ...
Kevin E. Kelleher; Kelvin K. Droegemeier; Grant Qualley; Jason J. Levit; Carl Sinclair; David E. Jahn; Scott D. Hill; Lora Mueller; Tim D. Crum; Steven D. Smith; Stephen A. Del Greco; S. Lakshmivarahan; Linda Miller; Mohan Ramamurthy; Ben Domenico; David W. Fulker
Physics of Aquatic Systems II Werner Aeschbach-Hertig 1.1 2006
but also other branches of Earth sciences, leading to the related fields of isotope geology and isotopePhysics of Aquatic Systems II Werner Aeschbach-Hertig 1.1 2006 1 1. Introduction to Isotopes and Hydrology 1.1 Introduction to Isotope Hydrology "Isotope Hydrology" is a relatively young scientific
Aeschbach-Hertig, Werner
A sodium-sulfur battery for the ETX-II propulsion system
A Canadian built 52 kWh sodium-sulphur battery is being integrated with the ETX-II powertrain. The propulsion system thus formed is being installed in a Ford Aerostar compact-size van for test and development purposes. The selection and design of the traction battery, as an integral part of the propulsion system, will be outlined in this paper along with the projected performance of the test bed vehicle under both highway and urban driving conditions. The results of a battery optimization study will also be discussed. Braking energy recovery (regeneration) is an important part of the ETX-II system capability and needs to be carefully managed when used with sodium-sulphur batteries. This will be discussed to show its effect on the system performance.
Altmejd, M. (Powerplex Technologies, Inc., Downsview, ON (Canada)); Dzieciuch, M. (Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, MI (United States))
Altmejd, M. [Powerplex Technologies, Inc., Downsview, ON (Canada); Dzieciuch, M. [Ford Motor Co., Dearborn, MI (United States)
Near Term Hybrid Passenger Vehicle Development Program. Phase I, Final report. Appendix A: mission analysis and performance specification studies. Volume II. Appendices
These appendices to the mission analysis report for the Near Term Hybrid Vehicle program contain data on passenger vehicle usage by purpose, trip length, travel speed, vehicle age, vehicle ownership and fuel economy, and US demographics. (LCL)
Traversi, M.; Barbarek, L.A.C.
North Wind 4-kW wind-system development. Phase II. Fabrication and test
This report presents the results of Phase II (testing and fabrication) of a program funded by the US Department of Energy to design, fabricate, and test a cost-effective wind system in the 3 to 6 kW class. During Phase II, using the design developed during Phase I, a prototype 4 kW machine was fabricated and tested in Waitsfield, Vermont. Several problems were encountered and subsequently analyzed. Design modifications, including the use of a larger alternator, are described. Test performed by North Wind and by Rockwell International (which monitored the program) demonstrated the predicted performance characteristics and the validity of the North Wind design.
Lynch, J.; Coleman, C.; Mayer, D.J.
Enertech 15-kW wind-system development. Phase II. Fabrication and test
This Phase II report presents a description of the Enertech 15 kW prototype wind system hardware fabrication; results of component tests; and results of preliminary testing conducted at Norwich, VT and the RF Wind Energy Research Center. In addition, the assembly sequence is documented. During testing, the unit experienced several operational problems, but testing proved the design concept and demonstrated the system's ability to meet the contract design specifications for power output.
Zickefoose, C.R.
HYLIFE-II power conversion system design and cost study
The power conversion system for the HYLIFE-2 fusion power plant has been defined to include the IHX's (intermediate heat exchangers) and everything that support the exchange of energy from the reactor. It is referred to simply as the BOP (balance of plant) in the rest of this report. The above is a convenient division between the reactor equipment and the rest of the fusion power plant since the BOP design and cost then depend only on the specification of the thermal power to the IHX's and the temperature of the primary Flibe coolant into and out of the IHX's, and is almost independent of the details of the reactor design. The main efforts during the first year have been on the definition and thermal-hydraulics of the IHX's, the steam generators and the steam power plant, leading to the definition of a reference BOP with the molten salt, Flibe, as the primary coolant. A summary of the key results in each of these areas is given in this report.
Hoffman, M.A. (California Univ., Davis, CA (USA). Dept. of Mechanical, Aeronautical and Materials Engineering)
Simulation model for wind energy storage systems. Volume II. Operation manual. [SIMWEST code
The effort developed a comprehensive computer program for the modeling of wind energy/storage systems utilizing any combination of five types of storage (pumped hydro, battery, thermal, flywheel and pneumatic). An acronym for the program is SIMWEST (Simulation Model for Wind Energy Storage). The level of detail of SIMWEST is consistent with a role of evaluating the economic feasibility as well as the general performance of wind energy systems. The software package consists of two basic programs and a library of system, environmental, and load components. Volume II, the SIMWEST operation manual, describes the usage of the SIMWEST program, the design of the library components, and a number of simple example simulations intended to familiarize the user with the program's operation. Volume II also contains a listing of each SIMWEST library subroutine.
Warren, A.W.; Edsinger, R.W.; Burroughs, J.D.
Emergency Response Equipment and Related Training: Airborne Radiological Computer System (Model II)
The materials included in the Airborne Radiological Computer System, Model-II (ARCS-II) were assembled with several considerations in mind. First, the system was designed to measure and record the airborne gamma radiation levels and the corresponding latitude and longitude coordinates, and to provide a first overview look of the extent and severity of an accident's impact. Second, the portable system had to be light enough and durable enough that it could be mounted in an aircraft, ground vehicle, or watercraft. Third, the system must control the collection and storage of the data, as well as provide a real-time display of the data collection results to the operator. The notebook computer and color graphics printer components of the system would only be used for analyzing and plotting the data. In essence, the provided equipment is composed of an acquisition system and an analysis system. The data can be transferred from the acquisition system to the analysis system at the end of the data collection or at some other agreeable time.
David P. Colton
Impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on power systems with demand response and wind power.
This paper uses a new unit commitment model which can simulate the interactions among plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), wind power, and demand response (DR). Four PHEV charging scenarios are simulated for the Illinois power system: (1) unconstrained charging, (2) 3-hour delayed constrained charging, (3) smart charging, and (4) smart charging with DR. The PHEV charging is assumed to be optimally controlled by the system operator in the latter two scenarios, along with load shifting and shaving enabled by DR programs. The simulation results show that optimally dispatching the PHEV charging load can significantly reduce the total operating cost of the system. With DR programs in place, the operating cost can be further reduced.
Wang, J.; Liu, C.; Ton, D.; Zhou, Y.; Kim, J.; Vyas, A. (Decision and Information Sciences); ( ES); (ED); (Kyungwon Univ.)
BOA II: Asbestos Pipe-Insulation Removal Robot System. Innovative Technology Summary Report.
The objective of this task is to develop and demonstrate a mechanical, asbestos-removal system that can be remotely operated without a containment area. The technology, known as BOA, consists of a pipe-crawler removal head and a boom vehicle system with dual robots. BOA's removal head can be remotely placed on the outside of the pipe and can crawl along the pipe, removing lagging and insulation. The lagging and insulation is cut using a hybrid endmill water-jet cutter and then diced into 2-inch cube sections of ACM. These ACM sections are then removed from the pipe using a set of blasting fan- spray nozzles, vacuumed off through a vacuum hose, and bagged. Careful attention to vacuum and entrapment air flow ensures that the system can operate without a containment area while meeting local and federal standards for fiber count.
A Multi-Level Grid Interactive Bi-directional AC/DC-DC/AC Converter and a Hybrid Battery/Ultra-capacitor Energy Storage System with Integrated Magnetics for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
This study presents a bi-directional multi-level power electronic interface for the grid interactions of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) as well as a novel bi-directional power electronic converter for the combined operation of battery/ultracapacitor hybrid energy storage systems (ESS). The grid interface converter enables beneficial vehicle-to-grid (V2G) interactions in a high power quality and grid friendly manner; i.e, the grid interface converter ensures that all power delivered to/from grid has unity power factor and almost zero current harmonics. The power electronic converter that provides the combined operation of battery/ultra-capacitor system reduces the size and cost of the conventional ESS hybridization topologies while reducing the stress on the battery, prolonging the battery lifetime, and increasing the overall vehicle performance and efficiency. The combination of hybrid ESS is provided through an integrated magnetic structure that reduces the size and cost of the inductors of the ESS converters. Simulation and experimental results are included as prove of the concept presenting the different operation modes of the proposed converters.
Janus II: a new generation application-driven computer for spin-system simulations
This paper describes the architecture, the development and the implementation of Janus II, a new generation application-driven number cruncher optimized for Monte Carlo simulations of spin systems (mainly spin glasses). This domain of computational physics is a recognized grand challenge of high-performance computing: the resources necessary to study in detail theoretical models that can make contact with experimental data are by far beyond those available using commodity computer systems. On the other hand, several specific features of the associated algorithms suggest that unconventional computer architectures, which can be implemented with available electronics technologies, may lead to order of magnitude increases in performance, reducing to acceptable values on human scales the time needed to carry out simulation campaigns that would take centuries on commercially available machines. Janus II is one such machine, recently developed and commissioned, that builds upon and improves on the successful JANUS m...
Baity-Jesi, M; Cruz, A; Fernandez, L A; Gil-Narvion, J M; Gordillo-Guerrero, A; Ińiguez, D; Maiorano, A; Mantovani, F; Marinari, E; Martin-Mayor, V; Monforte-Garcia, J; Sudupe, A Muńoz; Navarro, D; Parisi, G; Perez-Gaviro, S; Pivanti, M; Ricci-Tersenghi, F; Ruiz-Lorenzo, J J; Schifano, S F; Seoane, B; Tarancon, A; Tripiccione, R; Yllanes, D
of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a turbogenerator. The proposed hybrid system is based on planar SOFC and...
Amp-hour counting charge control for photovoltaic hybrid power systems
An amp-hour counting battery charge control algorithm has been defined and tested using the Digital Solar Technologies MPR-9400 microprocessor based photovoltaic hybrid charge controller. This work included extensive laboratory and field testing of the charge algorithm on vented lead-antimony and valve regulated lead-acid batteries. The test results have shown that with proper setup amp-hour counting charge control is more effective than conventional voltage regulated sub-array shedding in returning the lead-acid battery to a high state of charge.
EASY-II: a system for modelling of n, d, p, ? and ? activation and transmutation processes
EASY-II is designed as a functional replacement for the previous European Activation System, EASY-2010. It has extended nuclear data and new software, FISPACT-II, written in object-style Fortran to provide new capabilities for predictions of activation, transmutation, depletion and burnup. The new FISPACT-II code has allowed us to implement many more features in terms of energy range, up to GeV; incident particles: alpha, gamma, proton, deuteron and neutron; and neutron physics: self-shielding effects, temperature dependence, pathways analysis, sensitivity and error estimation using covariance data. These capabilities cover most application needs: nuclear fission and fusion, accelerator physics, isotope production, waste management and many more. In parallel, the maturity of modern general-purpose libraries such as TENDL-2012 encompassing thousands of target nuclides, the evolution of the ENDF format and the capabilities of the latest generation of processing codes PREPRO-2012, NJOY2012 and CALENDF-2010 have allowed the FISPACT-II code to be fed with more robust, complete and appropriate data: cross-sections with covariance, probability tables in the resonance ranges, kerma, dpa, gas and radionuclide production and 24 decay types. All such data for the five most important incident particles are placed in evaluated data files up to an incident energy of 200 MeV. The resulting code and data system, EASY-II, includes many new features and enhancements. It has been extensively tested, and also benefits from the feedback from wide-ranging validation and verification activities performed with its predecessor.
Jean-Christophe Sublet; James Eastwood; Guy Morgan; Arjan Koning; Dimitri Rochman
SNAP II is the designation for a 3-kw nuclear auxiliary power untt to be used in a satellite vehicle. This system consists of a reactor heat source, a mercury Rankine engine and an alternator. The alternator, mercury pump, turbine, and reactor coolant pump are mounted on a common shaft supported by mercury lubricated bearings. Design details and test results concerning the combined rotating unit (CRU) development are described. (auth)
Solar thermal electric hybridization issues
Solar thermal electric systems have an advantage over many other renewable energy technologies because the former use heat as an intermediate energy carrier. This is an advantage as it allows for a relatively simple method of hybridization by using heat from fossil-fuel. Hybridization of solar thermal electric systems is a topic that has recently generated significant interest and controversy and has led to many diverse opinions. This paper discusses many of the issues associated with hybridization of solar thermal electric systems such as what role hybridization should play; how it should be implemented; what are the efficiency, environmental, and cost implications; what solar fraction is appropriate; how hybrid systems compete with solar-only systems; and how hybridization can impact commercialization efforts for solar thermal electric systems.
Williams, T A; Bohn, M S; Price, H W
Independent Safety Assessment of the TOPAZ-II space nuclear reactor power system (Revised)
The Independent Safety Assessment described in this study report was performed to assess the safety of the design and launch plans anticipated by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) in 1993 for a Russian-built, U.S.-modified, TOPAZ-II space nuclear reactor power system. Its conclusions, and the bases for them, were intended to provide guidance for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) management in the event that the DOD requested authorization under section 91b. of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, for possession and use (including ground testing and launch) of a nuclear-fueled, modified TOPAZ-II. The scientists and engineers who were engaged to perform this assessment are nationally-known nuclear safety experts in various disciplines. They met with participants in the TOPAZ-II program during the spring and summer of 1993 and produced a report based on their analysis of the proposed TOPAZ-II mission. Their conclusions were confined to the potential impact on public safety and did not include budgetary, reliability, or risk-benefit analyses.
A Vehicle Systems Approach to Evaluate Plug-in Hybrid Battery Cold Start, Life and Cost Issues
The batteries used in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) need to overcome significant technical challenges in order for PHEVs to become economically viable and have a large market penetration. The internship at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) involved two experiments which looked at a vehicle systems approach to analyze two such technical challenges: Battery life and low battery power at cold (-7 ?C) temperature. The first experiment, concerning battery life and its impact on gasoline savings due to a PHEV, evaluates different vehicle control strategies over a pre-defined vehicle drive cycle, in order to identify the control strategy which yields the maximum dollar savings (operating cost) over the life of the vehicle, when compared to a charge sustaining hybrid. Battery life degradation over the life of the vehicle, and fuel economy savings on every trip (daily) are taken into account when calculating the net present value of the gasoline dollars saved. The second experiment evaluates the impact of different vehicle control strategies in heating up the PHEV battery (due to internal ohmic losses) for cold ambient conditions. The impact of low battery power (available to the vehicle powertrain) due to low battery and ambient temperatures has been well documented in literature. The trade-off between the benefits of heating up the battery versus heating up the internal combustion engine are evaluated, using different control strategies, and the control strategy, which provided optimum temperature rise of each component, is identified.
Shidore, Neeraj Shripad
Field Test and Performance Verification: Integrated Active Desiccant Rooftop Hybrid System Installed in a School - Final Report: Phase 4A
This report summarizes the results of a field verification pilot site investigation that involved the installation of a hybrid integrated active desiccant/vapor-compression rooftop heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) unit at an elementary school in the Atlanta Georgia area. For years, the school had experienced serious humidity and indoor air quality (IAQ) problems that had resulted in occupant complaints and microbial (mold) remediation. The outdoor air louvers of the original HVAC units had been closed in an attempt to improve humidity control within the space. The existing vapor compression variable air volume system was replaced by the integrated active desiccant rooftop (IADR) system that was described in detail in an Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) report published in 2004 (Fischer and Sand 2004). The IADR system and all space conditions have been monitored remotely for more than a year. The hybrid system was able to maintain both the space temperature and humidity as desired while delivering the outdoor air ventilation rate required by American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers Standard 62. The performance level of the IADR unit and the overall system energy efficiency was measured and found to be very high. A comprehensive IAQ investigation was completed by the Georgia Tech Research Institute before and after the system retrofit. Before-and-after data resulting from this investigation confirmed a significant improvement in IAQ, humidity control, and occupant comfort. These observations were reported by building occupants and are echoed in a letter to ORNL from the school district energy manager. The IADR system was easily retrofitted in place of the original rooftop system using a custom curb adapter. All work was completed in-house by the school's maintenance staff over one weekend. A subsequent cost analysis completed for the school district by the design engineer of record concluded that the IADR system being investigated was actually less expensive to install than other less-efficient options, most of which were unable to deliver the required ventilation while maintaining the desired space humidity levels.
Advanced control strategies for HVAC&R systems—An overview: Part II: Soft and fusion control
A chronological overview of the advanced control strategies for HVAC&R is presented. The overview focuses on hard-computing or control techniques, such as proportional-integral-derivative, optimal, nonlinear, adaptive, and robust; soft-computing or control techniques, such as neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms; and the fusion or hybrid of hard and soft control techniques. Part I focused on hardcontrol strategies; Part II focuses on soft and fusion control and some future directions in HVA&R research. This overview is not intended to be an exhaustive survey on this topic, and any omissions of other works is purely unintentional.
D. Subbaram Naidu; Craig G. Rieger
A New Hybrid Agent-Based Modeling & Simulation Decision Support System for Breast Cancer Data Analysis " presented at the ICICT
Abstract—In this paper, we present a novel technique of building hybrid decision support systems which integrates traditional decision support systems with agent based models for use in breast cancer analysis for better prediction and recommendation. Our system is based on using queries from data (converted to a standardized electronic template) to provide for simulation variables in an agent-based model. The goal is to develop an ICT tool to assist non-specialist biologist researcher users in performing analysis of large amounts of data by applying simple simulation techniques. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this novel decision support system, an extensive breast cancer data collection exercise was carried out with the support of Hospitals in a previously unexplored region. The collected data was subsequently integrated in an electronic medical record filing system for patients. We also demonstrate the application of agent based modeling and simulation techniques for building simulation models of tumor growth and treatment. Our proposed decision support system also provides a comprehensive query tool which facilitates the use of retrieved data in statistical tools 2 for subsequent interpretation and analysis. A I.
Amnah Siddiqa; Muaz Niazi; Farah Mustafa; Habib Bokhari; Amir Hussain; Noreen Akram; Shabnum Shaheen; Fouzia Ahmed; Sarah Iqbal
Hybrid automobile
The invention discloses a parallel hybrid drive system for self propelled vehicles including a direct current motor-generator having a drive shaft in common with an internal combustion engine leading to a variable speed transmission and a final drive train. The motor-generator has a no-load speed, established by a separate field exciter, below which it drives the shaft as a motor and above which it is driven by the shaft as a generator. Storage batteries are operatively connected to the motor-generator to supply power to it below the no-load speed. The internal combustion engine operates over a small RPM range around its most efficient speed at a power level established by a fixed throttle setting. The transmission is operatively connected to an accelerator and direction selector switch to vary the speed and direction of the vehicle.
Lynch, T.E.; Eastman, D.P.; Price, R.P.
Evaluation of the 2008 Lexus LS 600H Hybrid Synergy Drive System
Subsystems of the 2008 Lexus 600h hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) were studied and tested as part of an intensive benchmarking effort carried out to produce detailed information concerning the current state of nondomestic alternative vehicle technologies. Feedback provided by benchmarking efforts is particularly useful to partners of the Vehicle Technologies collaborative research program as it is essential in establishing reasonable yet challenging programmatic goals which facilitate development of competitive technologies. The competitive nature set forth by the Vehicle Technologies program not only promotes energy independence and economic stability, it also advocates the advancement of alternative vehicle technologies in an overall global perspective. These technologies greatly facilitate the potential to reduce dependency on depleting natural resources and mitigate harmful impacts of transportation upon the environment.
Burress, T.A.; Coomer, C.L.; Campbell, S.L.; Wereszczak, A.A.; Cunningham, J.P.; Marlino, L.D.; Seiber, L.E.; Lin, H.T.
U.S. Hybrid and Lithium Technology Corporation GAIA Battery: Initial System Characterization for the Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Yard Tractor
Diesel-powered tractors, called yard tractors, are used to shuttle cargo trailers from point to point within the confines of a port facility, terminal, or yard. A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) yard tractor design was proposed as a way to reduce operation emissions and diesel fuel use. The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) has designed and constructed a first-of-a-kind PHEV yard tractor. Southern California Edison's (SCE's) Electric Vehicle Technical Center performed PHEV yard tractor bat...
Electrochemical Capacitors as Energy Storage in Hybrid-Electric Vehicles: Present Status and Future Prospects
ultracapacitors, fuel cells and hybrid vehicle design. Dr.on electric and hybrid vehicle technology and applicationssupervises testing in the Hybrid Vehicle Propulsion Systems
Burke, Andy; Miller, Marshall
Performance Characteristics of Lithium-ion Batteries of Various Chemistries for Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles
supervises testing in the Hybrid Vehicle Propulsion SystemsChemistries for Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles Andrew Burke,batteries, plug-in hybrid vehicles, energy density, pulse
Burke, Andrew; Miller, Marshall
Low-Level Radio Frequency System Development for the National Synchrotron Light Source II
The National Synchrotron Light Source-II (NSLS-II) is a new ultra-bright 3GeV 3rd generation synchrotron radiation light source. The performance goals require operation with a beam current of 500mA and a bunch current of at least 0.5mA. The position and timing specifications of the ultra-bright photon beam imposes a set of stringent requirements on the performance of radio frequency (RF) control. In addition, commissioning and staged installation of damping wigglers and insertion devices requires the flexibility of handling varying beam conditions. To meet these requirements, a digital implementation of the LLRF is chosen, and digital serial links are planned for the system integration. The first prototype of the controller front-end hardware has been built, and is currently being tested.
Ma,H.; Rose, J.
Statistical model checking for safety critical hybrid systems: an empirical evaluation
As more computing systems are utilized in various areas of our society, the reliability of computing systems becomes a significant issue. However, as the complexity of computing systems increases, conventional verification and validation techniques such ...
Youngjoo Kim, Moonzoo Kim, Tai-Hyo Kim
A New Paradigm for Optimizing Hybrid Simulations of Rare Event Modeling for Complex Systems
-scale complex systems. Most complex systems such as our cities, national air space, nuclear power plants complex systems such as our cities, national air space, nuclear power plants, theme parks and global
Cook, Jeanine
Analysis of a hybrid UFAD and radiant hydronic slab HVAC system
Air- Conditioning Engineers HVAC & R Research, vol. 50, Sep.and radiant hydronic slab HVAC system. Paul RAFTERY a,* ,of a novel integrated HVAC system. This system combines an
Raftery, Paul; Lee, Kwang Ho; Webster, Thomas; Bauman, Fred
EXAMPLES OF PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING SYSTEMS {CONVECTIVE SPACEbeen supported by the Solar Heating and Cooling Research andinteraction. Passive solar heating systems use elements of
Holtz, Michael J.
Hybrid solar-fossil fuel power generation
In this thesis, a literature review of hybrid solar-fossil fuel power generation is first given with an emphasis on system integration and evaluation. Hybrid systems are defined as those which use solar energy and fuel ...
Sheu, Elysia J. (Elysia Ja-Zeng)
SOLERAS Program: engineering field test of a solar cooling system. Phase I and II
The rationale for selecting the engineering field test site and the building cooling requirements are described. Descriptions of the Phase I activities are presented and descriptions of the overall cooling system and its major subsystems and components are provided. The preliminary design analyses conducted to select collector/storage, chiller module and thermal distribution components; operating features and estimated system performance are included. Economic analyses and the results obtained are described including an assessment of the commercialization potential for the solar cooling system. Phase II activities are presented and detailed design, construction and installation features of the solar system at the test site are described. Testing documentation is provided by the checkout and acceptance tests and their results are described.
Axisymmetric Magnetic Mirror Fusion-Fission Hybrid
Fusion-Fission Hybrids and Transmutation / Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Emerging Nuclear Energy Systems
R. W. Moir; N. N. Martovetsky; A. W. Molvik; D. D. Ryutov; T. C. Simonen
Hybrid Vehicle Links
Hybrid Links Hybrid Links Exit Fueleconomy.gov The links below are to pages that are not part of the fueleconomy.gov Web site. We offer these external links for your convenience in accessing additional information that may be useful or interesting to you. Hybrid Vehicles and Manufacturers Acura ILX Hybrid Audi Q5 Hybrid BMW ActiveHybrid 3 ActiveHybrid 5 ActiveHybrid 7 Buick LaCrosse eAssist* Regal eAssist* Chevrolet Malibu Eco* Impala eAssist* Ford Fusion Hybrid Honda Accord Hybrid Civic Hybrid Honda CR-Z Honda Insight Hyundai Sonata Hybrid Infiniti M Hybrid Q50 Hybrid Q50 S Hybrid QX60 Hybrid Kia Optima Hybrid Lexus CT 200h Lexus ES 300h GS 450h LS 600h L RX 450h Lincoln MKZ Hybrid Mercedes-Benz Mercedes E400 Hybrid Nissan Pathfinder Hybrid Porsche Cayenne S Hybrid Subaru XV Crosstrek Hybrid Toyota Avalon Hybrid
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
In 1994 Congress ordered the shutdown of the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) and a closure project was initiated.
Performance and Economics of a Wind-Diesel Hybrid Energy System: Naval Air Landing Field, San Clemente Island, California
This report provides an overview of the wind resource, economics and operation of the recently installed wind turbines in conjunction with diesel power for the Naval Air Landing Field (NALF), San Clemente Island (SCI), California Project. The primary goal of the SCI wind power system is to operate with the existing diesel power plant and provide equivalent or better power quality and system reliability than the existing diesel system. The wind system is also intended to reduce, as far as possible, the use of diesel fuel and the inherent generation of nitrogen-oxide emissions and other pollutants. The first two NM 225/30 225kW wind turbines were installed and started shake-down operations on February 5, 1998. This report describes the initial operational data gathered from February 1998 through January 1999, as well as the SCI wind resource and initial cost of energy provided by the wind turbines on SCI. In support of this objective, several years of data on the wind resources of San Clemente Island were collected and compared to historical data. The wind resource data were used as input to economic and feasibility studies for a wind-diesel hybrid installation for SCI.
McKenna, E. (National Renewable Energy Laboratory); Olsen, T. (Timothy Olsen Consulting)
Novel Hybrid Monte Carlo/Deterministic Technique for Shutdown Dose Rate Analyses of Fusion Energy Systems
The rigorous 2-step (R2S) method uses three-dimensional Monte Carlo transport simulations to calculate the shutdown dose rate (SDDR) in fusion reactors. Accurate full-scale R2S calculations are impractical in fusion reactors because they require calculating space- and energy-dependent neutron fluxes everywhere inside the reactor. The use of global Monte Carlo variance reduction techniques was suggested for accelerating the neutron transport calculation of the R2S method. The prohibitive computational costs of these approaches, which increase with the problem size and amount of shielding materials, inhibit their use in the accurate full-scale neutronics analyses of fusion reactors. This paper describes a novel hybrid Monte Carlo/deterministic technique that uses the Consistent Adjoint Driven Importance Sampling (CADIS) methodology but focuses on multi-step shielding calculations. The Multi-Step CADIS (MS-CADIS) method speeds up the Monte Carlo neutron calculation of the R2S method using an importance function that represents the importance of the neutrons to the final SDDR. Using a simplified example, preliminarily results showed that the use of MS-CADIS enhanced the efficiency of the neutron Monte Carlo simulation of an SDDR calculation by a factor of 550 compared to standard global variance reduction techniques, and that the increase over analog Monte Carlo is higher than 10,000.
Ibrahim, Ahmad M [ORNL; Peplow, Douglas E. [ORNL; Peterson, Joshua L [ORNL; Grove, Robert E [ORNL
Improving Posterior Based Confidence Measures in Hybrid HMM/ANN Speech Recognition Systems
. In this paper, building upon previous work by others [7], we define and investigate a set of confidence measures based on hybrid Hidden Markov Model/Artificial Neural Network (HMM/ANN) acoustic models. All these measures are using the neural network to estimate the local phone posterior probabilities, which are then combined and normalized in different ways. Experimental results will indeed show that the use of an appropriate duration normalization is very important to obtain good estimates of the phone and word confidences. The different measures are evaluated at the phone and word levels on both an isolated word task (PHONEBOOK) and a continuous speech recognition task (BREF). It will be shown that one of those confidence measures is well suited for utterance verification, and that (as one could expect) confidence measures at the word level perform better than those at the phone level. Finally, using the resulting approach on PHONEBOOK to rescore the N-best list is shown to yield a...
Martigny Valais Suisse; Giulia Bernardis; Herve Bourlard
Battery testing at Argonne National Laboratory. Electric and hybrid propulsion systems, No. 1
Advanced battery technology evaluations are performed under simulated electric-vehicle operating conditions at the Analysis & Diagnostic Laboratory (ADL) of Argonne National Laboratory. The ADL results provide insight into those factors that limit battery performance and life. The ADL facilities include a test laboratory to conduct battery experimental evaluations under simulated application conditions and a post-test analysis laboratory to determine, in a protected atmosphere if needed, component compositional changes and failure mechanisms. This paper summarizes the performance characterizations and life evaluations conducted during FY 1992 on both single cells and multi-cell modules that encompass six battery technologies [Na/S, Li/FeS, Ni/Metal-Hydride, Ni/Zn, Ni/Cd, Ni/Fe]. These evaluations were performed for the Department of Energy, Office of Transportation Technologies, Electric and Hybrid Propulsion Division, and the Electric Power Research Institute. The ADL provides a common basis for battery performance characterization and lie evaluations with unbiased application of tests and analyses. The results help identify the most promising R&D approaches for overcoming battery limitations, and provide battery users, developers, and program managers with a measure of the progress being made in battery R&D programs, a comparison of battery technologies, and basic data for modeling.
DeLuca, W.H.; Gillie, K.R.; Kulaga, J.E.; Smaga, J.A.; Tummillo, A.F.; Webster, C.E.
Storage device sizing for a hybrid railway traction system by means of bicausal bond graphs
(a supercapacitor) included in this system is then discussed. Keywords: bond graph, bicausality In the paper, the example of a supercapacitor process consists of choosing the system structure dimensioning
Nuclear proliferation and civilian nuclear power: report of the Nonproliferation Alternative Systems Assessment Program. Volume II. Proliferation resistance
Volume II assesses proliferation resistance. Chapters are devoted to: assessment of civilian nuclear systems (once-through fuel-cycle systems, closed fuel cycle systems, research reactors and critical facilities); assessment of associated sensitive materials and facilities (enrichment, problems with storage of spent fuel and plutonium content, and reprocessing and refabrication facilities); and safeguards for alternative fuel cycles.
Real-time dynamic simulator for the Topaz II reactor power system
A dynamic simulator of the TOPAZ II reactor system has been developed for the Nuclear Electric Propulsion Space Test Program. The simulator is a self-contained IBM-PC compatible based system that executes at a speed faster than real-time. The simulator combines first-principle modeling and empirical correlations in its algorithm to attain the modeling accuracy and computational through-put that are required for real-time execution. The overall execution time of the simulator for each time step is 15 ms when no data is written to the disk, and 18 ms when nine double precision data points are written to the disk once in every time step. The simulation program has been tested and it is able to handle a step decrease of $8 worth of reactivity. It also provides simulation of fuel, emitter, collector, stainless steel, and ZrH moderator failures. Presented in this paper are the models used in the calculations, a sample simulation session, and a discussion of the performance and limitations of the simulator. The simulator has been found to provide realistic real-time dynamic response of the TOPAZ II reactor system under both normal and causality conditions.
Kwok, K.S.
THE SNAP II POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM. Topical Report No. 6, Bearing Design and Development
A preliminary analysis conducted on various types of bearings indicated that hydrodynamic type journal and thrust bearings lubricated with a portion of the mercury from the condensate return pump would best suit the SNAP II requirements. Experimental rssults confirmed the bearing design approach. Stable bearing operation was obtained at speeds in excess of the 40,000 rpm design objective with simulated loads of 1 to 10 g in the radial direction, and 0 to 2 g in the axial direction. Total power consumption of the bearing system is approximately 550 watts at the design speed. (auth)
Waldron, W.D.
Prioritizing asbestos removal from various facilities using the insight II+ expert system. Research paper
Use of the INSIGHT II+ expert system in conjunction with the Priasbes knowledge base is recommended for use by facility managers or owners faced with a few or many locations of asbestos-containing material (ACM) throughout their facilities. The Priasbes knowledge base will recommend control measures to be taken for each location of ACM and will also assign a criticality index to the ACM location. This criticality index can then be compared with that of other ACM locations to prioritize the criticality of these locations to determine which locations should be controlled first.
Disher, S.L.
Monitored Performance Data from a Hybrid RAPS System and the Determination of Control Set Points for Simulation Studies Patel ISES 2001 Solar World Congress 1
located in the north-west region of Western Australia. The system under study comprises PV array, a diesel, diesel generator, and inverter models of the RAPSIM simulation package are derived. Two separate sets the simulation program are shown. 1. INTRODUCTION Reliable long-term monitored performance data for a hybrid
Laser Inertial Fusion-based Energy: Neutronic Design Aspects of a Hybrid Fusion-Fission Nuclear Energy System
188.8.131.52 Fission Energy . . . . . . . . . 188.8.131.52.1.3.3 Fission-Fusion Hybrids . . . . 1.2 Scope and Purposei CONTENTS Fission Blanket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Kramer, Kevin James
for magnetic fusion reactors and IFMIF. Journal of NuclearFusion reactors blanket nucleonics. In Progress in NuclearFusion-Fission hybrid reactors. In Advances in Nuclear
Conceptual design and systems analysis of photovoltaic systems. Volume II. Study results. Final report
This investigation of terrestrial PV systems considered the technical and economic feasibility for systems in three size categories: a small system of about 12 kW peak output for on-site residential use; a large 1500 MW central power plant contributing to the bulk energy of a utility system power grid; and an intermediate size system of about 250 kW for use on public or commercial buildings. In each category, conceptual designs were developed, performance was analyzed for a range of climatic regions, economic analyses were performed, and assessments were made of pertinent institutional issues. The report consists of three volumes. Volume I contains a Study Summary of the major study results. This volume contains the detailed results pertaining to on-site residential photovoltaic systems, central power plant photovoltaic systems, and intermediate size systems applied to commercial and public buildings. Volume III contains supporting appendix material. (WHK)
Kirpich, A.
Worldwide wind/diesel hybrid power system study: Potential applications and technical issues
The world market potential for wind/diesel hybrid technology is a function of the need for electric power, the availability of sufficient wind resource to support wind/diesel power, and the existence of buyers with the financial means to invest in the technology. This study includes data related to each of these three factors. This study does not address market penetration, which would require analysis of application specific wind/diesel economics. Buyer purchase criteria, which are vital to assessing market penetration, are discussed only generally. Countries were screened for a country-specific market analysis based on indicators of need and wind resource. Both developed countries and less developed countries'' (LDCs) were screened for wind/diesel market potential. Based on the results of the screening, ten countries showing high market potential were selected for more extensive market analyses. These analyses provide country-specific market data to guide wind/diesel technology developers in making design decisions that will lead to a competitive product. Section 4 presents the country-specific data developed for these analyses, including more extensive wind resource characterization, application-specific market opportunities, business conditions, and energy market characterizations. An attempt was made to identify the potential buyers with ability to pay for wind/diesel technology required to meet the application-specific market opportunities identified for each country. Additionally, the country-specific data are extended to corollary opportunities in countries not covered by the study. Section 2 gives recommendations for wind/diesel research based on the findings of the study. 86 refs.
King, W.R.; Johnson, B.L. III (Science Applications International Corp., McLean, VA (USA))
Technical Information on the Carbonation of the EBR-II Reactor, Summary Report Part 1: Laboratory Experiments and Application to EBR-II Secondary Sodium System
Residual sodium is defined as sodium metal that remains behind in pipes, vessels, and tanks after the bulk sodium metal has been melted and drained from such components. The residual sodium has the same chemical properties as bulk sodium, and differs from bulk sodium only in the thickness of the sodium deposit. Typically, sodium is considered residual when the thickness of the deposit is less than 5-6 cm. This residual sodium must be removed or deactivated when a pipe, vessel, system, or entire reactor is permanently taken out of service, in order to make the component or system safer and/or to comply with decommissioning regulations. As an alternative to the established residual sodium deactivation techniques (steam-and-nitrogen, wet vapor nitrogen, etc.), a technique involving the use of moisture and carbon dioxide has been developed. With this technique, sodium metal is converted into sodium bicarbonate by reacting it with humid carbon dioxide. Hydrogen is emitted as a by-product. This technique was first developed in the laboratory by exposing sodium samples to humidified carbon dioxide under controlled conditions, and then demonstrated on a larger scale by treating residual sodium within the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) secondary cooling system, followed by the primary cooling system, respectively. The EBR-II facility is located at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) in southeastern Idaho, U.S.A. This report is Part 1 of a two-part report. It is divided into three sections. The first section describes the chemistry of carbon dioxide-water-sodium reactions. The second section covers the laboratory experiments that were conducted in order to develop the residual sodium deactivation process. The third section discusses the application of the deactivation process to the treatment of residual sodium within the EBR-II secondary sodium cooling system. Part 2 of the report, under separate cover, describes the application of the technique to residual sodium treatment within the EBR-II primary sodium cooling system and related systems.
Steven R. Sherman
Intermediate Photovoltaic System Application Experiment. Oklahoma Center for Science and Arts. Phase II. Final report
This report presents the key results of the Phase II efforts for the Intermediate PV System Applications Experiment at the Oklahoma Center for Science and Arts (OCSA). This phase of the project involved fabrication, installation and integration of a nominal 140 kW flat panel PV system made up of large, square polycrystalline-silicon solar cell modules, each nominally 61 cm x 122 cm in size. The output of the PV modules, supplied by Solarex Corporation, was augmented, 1.35 to 1 at peak, by a row of glass reflectors, appropriately tilted northward. The PV system interfaces with the Oklahoma Gas and Electric Utility at the OCSA main switchgear. Any excess power generated by the system is fed into the utility under a one to one buyback arrangement. Except for a shortfall in the system output, presently suspected to be due to the poor performance of the modules, no serious problems were encountered. Certain value engineering changes implemented during construction and early operational failure events associated with the power conditioning system are also described. The system is currently undergoing extended testing and evaluation.
A new hybrid computational intelligence algorithm for optimized vehicle routing applications in geographic information systems.
??This project explores the application of two developing algorithmic paradigms from the field of computational intelligence towards optimized vehicle routing applications within geographic information systems… (more)
Rice, Michael Norris
Hybrid Two-Dimensional Electronic Systems and Other Applications of sp-2 Bonded Light Elements
the storage of energy using technologies such as hydrogen,Energy Applications of sp-2 Bonded Materials 5 Hydrogen Storagea hydrogen storage systems' total gravimetric energy density
Kessler, Brian Maxwell
Dynamic modeling and control of hybrid ground source heat pump systems.
??Ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems are one of the fastest growing applications of renewable energy in the world with annual increases of 10% over… (more)
Chen, Chang
Modular simulation of a hybrid power system with diesel and wind turbine generation
In this paper, the authors present the modular simulation tool they developed to help study the system dynamics for wind-diesel power systems. The principal modules of the simulator, which include a diesel generator, a wind turbine generator, a rotary converter with a battery, a village load and a dump load, are described. With a case study, the authors demonstrate how the designer benefits from easily understanding the effects of system modifications. Using this tool, a designer can easily develop control strategies to balance the system power flows under different generation/load conditions.
Bialasiewicz, J.T.; Mulijadi, E.; Drouilhet, S.; Nix, G.
Central receiver solar thermal power system. Phase 1. CDRL item 2; Pilot Plant preliminary design report. Volume II. System decription and system analysis
An active system analysis and integration effort has been maintained. These activities have included the transformation of initial program requirements into a preliminary system design, the evolution of subsystem requirements which lay the foundation for subsystem design and test activity, and the overseeing of the final preliminary design effort to ensure that the subsystems are operationally compatible and capable of producing electricity at the lowest possible cost per unit of energy. Volume II of the Preliminary Design Report presents the results of the overall system effort that went on during this contract. The effort is assumed to include not only the total system definition and design but also all subsystem interactions.
Hallet, Jr., R. W.; Gervais, R. L.
Hybrid power management in real time embedded systems: an interplay of DVFS and DPM techniques
Energy-aware scheduling of real time applications over multiprocessor systems is considered in this paper. Early research reports that while various energy-saving policies, for instance Dynamic Power Management (DPM) and Dynamic Voltage & Frequency ... Keywords: Dynamic power management, Dynamic voltage & frequency scaling, Energy, Machine learning, Multiprocessor scheduling, Power, Real time systems
Muhammad Khurram Bhatti; Cécile Belleudy; Michel Auguin
Designing a Residential Hybrid Electrical Energy Storage System Based on the Energy Buffering Strategy
the electricity price is low and supply energy for usage when the electricity price is high [6], and thereby energy buffering. Figure 3 shows the structure of a typical grid-connected HEES system. Without loss the proposed energy management system is targeting residential usage, we must limit its overall form factor