text:
Planned Parenthood Obamacare Outreach: We've Connected with One Million people!
Category: Obamacare
From death panels to job killers, the oft-repeated misinformation about the Affordable Care Act (ACA) has yet to let up. It's left many of the country's uninsured confused about what the new law means for them. The way to counter this coordinated effort to confuse is to coordinate an effort to educate; to contact eligible, uninsured women and families with information about the availability and benefits of new insurance plans, to inform them about why, how, and when to enroll.
We at Planned Parenthood have been reaching out in communities since October—today, we announced we've crossed the one million mark. That's 1 million people Planned Parenthood has contacted about how to enroll in health care. We're now knocking on 20,000 doors per DAY.
And we're just getting started. Between now and March 31, Planned Parenthood Federation of America and our affiliates will be holding more than 500 community education and enrollment events in 18 cities across eight states, in the final weeks before the March 31 enrollment deadline for the Affordable Care Act.
"The Affordable Care Act is one of the greatest advancements for women's health in a generation. As the leading women's health care provider and advocate, Planned Parenthood fought hard for the law's passage, and in the last few weeks of this enrollment period, we're working double time to make sure our patients and the communities we serve know about their new health care options," said Cecile Richards, president, Planned Parenthood Federation of America. "For millions of women, their trusted provider is Planned Parenthood. And for millions more, Planned Parenthood has been the trusted voice that helps guide them to get covered and get access to the full range of health care services they and their families deserve."
More than half of this work is being done in Spanish, trying to reach the nation's nearly one in three non-elderly Latinos who are uninsured.
It's a way of helping people get coverage one phone call, door knock or radio ad at a time.
Here are some pics of our organizers in action:
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February 23, 2015
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February 20, 2015


text:
06/10/2009 | Anthony Rowley
Former IMF first deputy managing director Stanley Fischer yesterday attacked the decision by the G20 group of advanced and emerging economies to conduct mutual surveillance of each others economies with the IMF being only incidental to the exercise.
Economic surveillance is the IMFs job, Fischer argued at a briefing in Istanbul by the Group of 30 public and private sector financial experts, of which he is a member. The G20 have decided that they are going to engage in frank discussions on each others policies. That is good, but they should do it through the IMF.
Fischer, the Bank of Israel governor, added that he is concerned about the proliferation of bodies that have no statutory basis, to carry out such functions.
The G30 urged in a statement that all members countries should participate in the [IMFs] Financial Sector Assessment Programme.
It also said: In order to be more effective, the IMF should conduct assessment to detect vulnerabilities and the build-up of risk on a near-continuous basis in the financial sector and elsewhere.
It added that the IMF should equip itself to issue confidential warnings to systemically important countries whenever developments in their economies or financial sectors give cause for concern.
This was seen as a veiled reference to the fact that certain advanced economies, including the US, declined to participate in FSAP reviews in the run up to the recent financial crisis.
Some experts have argued that such reviews could have alerted authorities to critical threats to financial stability.
Fischer said: The financial sector has just seen the consequences of the failure to do proper surveillance of the financial sector. He also called for a clearer division of responsibilities between the IMF and the Financial Stability Board (FSB) in the field of oversight of the financial sector.
The IMF should carry out surveillance of the sector, while regulation is left to the FSB, he said. A memorandum of understanding is needed, between the two.
The G30 also called for urgent, far-reaching and comprehensive reforms of the IMF, including the need to make its surveillance of members countries economies more sharply focussed on current and impending problems so as to avert future economic and financial crises.
The G30 called for a new IMF Council to replace the existing International Monetary and Finance Committee (IMFC). The new council should take over executive power from the IMF Board rather than being merely an advisory body like the IMFC said Guillermo Ortiz, chairman of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), at the briefing.
Ortiz, who is also governor of the Bank of Mexico, said that the structure of the IMF needs to better reflect changing global economies realities and relationships.
The G30 added that its recommendations aim at correcting imbalances in IMF quotas, improving IMF decision making, empowering the IMF at the political level and achieving a more efficient division of labour between the executive board and [IMF] management.
Pakistan has had an impressive year under new premier Nawaz Sharif. But the government needs to keep up its reforming zeal to get the South Asian state's finances back on track.
Jamaica is getting back on track and could become an unlikely poster child for the IMF. However, elsewhere in the Caribbean the threat of default looms and some countries are not ready to ask for help
Next year's IMF and World Bank meetings will be in the Peruvian capital Lima. Lucien Chauvin looks at how the country has succeeded in posting the fastest growth on the South American continent.
In an exclusive interview with Emerging Markets, Bank of Japan governor Haruhiko Kuroda insisted the policies of Abenomics were working, not hurting, and defended the ways the world's big four central banks were operating monetary policy
Falling commodity prices have hurt Mongolia's economy, which relies heavily on its abundant natural resources. Improving relations with China are helping it through the squeeze but the country has yet to show its true potential to global investors
Women's participation in the labour force still lags men's by 12% even in developed economies. In the MENA region it can be up to 50%. That is a wasted resource - and best practice examples show countries and companies that tackle the problem outperform
"Indonesia, having just seen a peaceful democratic election of a non-elitist leader, is probably going to embark on reforms that should keep growth at 5%-6% for years to come"
Jim O'Neill, economic advisor, IFC
Copyright © Euromoney Institutional Investor PLC 2010. All rights reserved.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
This Internet-Draft is no longer active. A copy of the expired Internet-Draft can be found here: http://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-lei-paws-framework-datamodel-00.txt
Portions of the radio spectrum that are allocated to a licensed, primary use but are unused or unoccupied at specific locations and times are defined as "white space". In this document the framework of PAWS is introduced, which includes framework of PAWS, protocol stack, definition of interface, parameters and schema running over interface, and security considerations. The realization of database and the calculation of protected contour are not considered in this framework draft.
Lei Zhu <firstname.lastname@example.com>
(Note: The e-mail addresses provided for the authors of this Internet-Draft may no longer be valid)


text:
Well... I mean for exactly as shown as on desktop... Including if you use live wallpaper, then your lockscreen wallpaper will has live wallpaper.
I've made this wallpaper for lockscreen as dummy (find it in zip file attachment). So you just save it in your sdcard and set it as lockscreen wallpaper and you'll see your desktop wallpaper as lockscreen wallpaper.
I've tested it in MIUI, I don't know if it will work also on other rom, but it might be work.


text:
100.0 ea
{{productModel.jsonData.ruleMessage.prefix}} {{productModel.jsonData.ruleMessage.link.name}} {{productModel.jsonData.ruleMessage.suffix}}
Ship to you only - {{productModel.rebateText}}
In stores Not sold in stores - {{receiveingOptions.inventoryData.pickUpChargeThresholdMsg}}
Promotes Natural Relief of Itching and Burning from Hemorrhoids
Formerly Hyland's #30, Hyland's Hemorrhoids is a traditional homeopathic formula for the relief of symptoms of itching and burning pains due to hemorrhoids. Working without contraindications or side effects, Hyland's Hemorrhoids stimulates your body's natural healing response to relieve symptoms. Hyland's Hemorrhoids can be used in conjunction with other medications.
Made in USA
Adults: Dissolve 2 - 3 tablets under tongue every 4 hours or as needed.
Children 6 to 12 years old: 1/2 adult dose.
© P&S Laboratories
Do not use if imprinted cap band is broken or missing. If symptoms persist for more than seven days or worsen, contact a licensed health care professional. As with any drug, if you are pregnant or nursing a baby, seek the advice of a licensed health care professional before using this product. Keep this and all medications out of the reach of children. In case of accidental overdose, contact a Poison Control Center immediately.


text:
Scrabble word: OVERLARGE
In which Scrabble dictionary does OVERLARGE exist?
Definitions of OVERLARGE in dictionaries:
- adj - excessively large
There are 9 letters in OVERLARGE: A E E G L O R R V
All anagrams that could be made from letters of word OVERLARGE plus a wildcard: OVERLARGE?
Scrabble words that can be created with letters from word OVERLARGE
9 letter words
8 letter words
7 letter words
6 letter words
5 letter words
4 letter words
3 letter words
2 letter words
Images for OVERLARGE
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SCRABBLE is the registered trademark of Hasbro and J.W. Spear & Sons Limited. Our scrabble word finder and scrabble cheat word builder is not associated with the Scrabble brand - we merely provide help for players of the official Scrabble game. All intellectual property rights to the game are owned by respective owners in the U.S.A and Canada and the rest of the world. Anagrammer.com is not affiliated with Scrabble. This site is an educational tool and resource for Scrabble & Words With Friends players.


text:
The Quest Begins
Series that include this title
From Library Staff
Three young bears of different species--one black, one polar, and one grizzly--travel on a perilous quest, escorting a shape-shifting grizzly cub. Tweens will appreciate the bears' struggle to survive, along with Hunter's environmental theme. Ages 9-15.
From the critics
Community Activity
Add a CommentFantasy, Quest Begins, Seekers · Edit
This is the story of three young bears, struggling to survive in the wild as they follow the Pathway Star, hoping that it will lead them to a safe home. Kallik is a young polar bear, who is separated from her mother and brother as the ice begins to melt. Toklo is a brown grizzly bear, who is abandoned by his mother, and must learn to survive alone. Lusa is a black bear cub, who escapes the zoo in which she lives in, leaving all she loves behind her. They face many dangers: older, hungry bears, starvation, and hunters, as they follow their only hope: a star, said to lead one to what they need the most, spoken about only in myths. Will the bears find a safe home? Or is it their destiny to stay alone and unloved? I liked how this book had one chapter for Lusa, then one for Toklo, and so on. I thought that most of it was very sad, but I enjoyed the description. This is only the first in I don't know how many other books in the Seekers series. It is a very exciting book!
I wish Tobi and Nanuk lived longer :( Other wise good book!
ALSO! Here is something the authors should totally do eventually.m The bears meet a panda bear at a zoo!
Sorry if I got you mad!! And I only give it 2 stars I hit 3 by mistake. Seekers, not good. Warriors, RULE!!!!!!!!!!
This is a really good book! It's kinda sad though, about the bears moms. I JUST finished reading it a few days ago! I wish Toklo could just listen to Lusa's message! I also recommend Warriors written by the same author (my fav series!) Seekers is just as amazing!!! LOVE HOW ITS IN CANADA I recommend this book!
Great book!!! It's sort of sad, though, because I was hoping that Nanuk would be sort of like a mother to Kallik. I really like Ujurak!!!
I really like this book because some parts were really funny. I thought it was funny at the start of the book.


text:
The in-vitro evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic properties of Marrubium vulgare L. essential oil grown in Tunisia.
ABSTRACT In order to validate its antiseptic and anticancer properties with respect to traditional uses, we have screened for the first time the antimicrobial activity of aerial parts of M. vulgare L. essential oil against different pathogenic microorganisms and the cytotoxic activity against HeLa cell lines.
The agar disk diffusion method was used to study the antibacterial activity of M. vulgare essential oil against 12 bacterial and 4 fungi strains. The disc diameters of zone of inhibition (DD), the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the concentration inhibiting 50% (IC50) were investigated to characterize the antimicrobial activities of this essential oil. The in vitro cytotoxicity of M. vulgare essential oil was examined using a modified MTT assay; the viability and the IC50 were used to evaluate this test.
The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was investigated in order to evaluate its efficacy against the different tested microorganisms. The present results results showed a significant activity against microorganisms especially Gram (+) bacteria with inhibition zones and minimal inhibitory concentration values in the range of 6.6-25.2 mm and 1120-2600 μg/ml, respectively, whereas Gram (-) bacteria exhibited a higher resistance. As far as the antifungal activity, among four strains tested, Botrytis cinerea exhibited the strongest activity with inhibition zones of 12.6 mm. However, Fusarium solani, Penicillium digitatum and Aspergillus niger were less sensitive to M. vulgare essential oil. About the citotoxicity assay, this finding indicate the capability of this essential oil to inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cell lines under some conditions with IC50 value of 0.258 μg/ml.
This investigation showed that the M. vulgare essential oil has a potent antimicrobial activity against some Gram (+) pathogenic bacteria and Botrytis cinerea fungi. The present studies confirm the use of this essential oil as anticancer agent. Further research is required to evaluate the practical values of therapeutic applications.
- Luis Alberto Ortega-Ramirez, Isela Rodriguez-Garcia, Juan Manuel Leyva, Manuel Reynaldo Cruz-Valenzuela, Brenda Adriana Silva-Espinoza, Gustavo A Gonzalez-Aguilar, Md Wasim Siddiqui, Jesus Fernando Ayala-Zavala[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Many food preservation strategies can be used for the control of microbial spoilage and oxidation; however, these quality problems are not yet controlled adequately. Although synthetic antimicrobial and antioxidant agents are approved in many countries, the use of natural safe and effective preservatives is a demand of food consumers and producers. This paper proposes medicinal plants, traditionally used to treat health disorders and prevent diseases, as a source of bioactive compounds having food additive properties. Medicinal plants are rich in terpenes and phenolic compounds that present antimicrobial and antioxidant properties; in addition, the literature revealed that these bioactive compounds extracted from other plants have been effective in food systems. In this context, the present hypothesis paper states that bioactive molecules extracted from medicinal plants can be used as antimicrobial and antioxidant additives in the food industry.Journal of Food Science 01/2014; · 1.78 Impact Factor - SourceAvailable from: Chedia Aouadhi[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In vitro antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and concentration of flavonoids of Marrubium vulgare methanolic extract were determined using spectrophotometric methods. The antibacterial activity was also evaluated against seven pathogenic bacteria using the disc-diffusion assay and broth dilution method. The obtained results showed that the tested extract was rich in phenol (26.8±0.01 mg gallic acid per gram) than in flavonoids (0.61 ±0.05 mg catechin equivalents per ml). The condensed tannin content was 0.086±0.01 mg ER/mL. In addition, the methanolic extract showed a strong antioxidant power against the DPPH (IC50= 35±0.01) and ABTS (IC50= 25±0.2) radicals scavenging. The tested extract had significant activity against both Gram-positive (B. cereus, L. monocytogens, S. aureus) and Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, A. hydrophila, S. typhimurium). The inhibition zones diameters and minimal inhibitory concentration values were in the range of 13-17 mm and 12.5-25 mg/ml, respectively. The high contents of phenolic compounds indicated that these compounds contribute to the antioxidant and antibacterial activities. The M. vulgare methanolic extract can be regarded as promising candidate for natural plant source of antioxidant and antimicrobial.Tunisian Journal of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products (TJMPNP). 01/2014; - SourceAvailable from: Sanaz Hamedeyazdan[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Introduction Not surprisingly, the upward desire in capturing the wisdom of traditional healing systems in management of different sorts of diseases among the nations, has led to a renewal of interest in herbal medicines. In this regard, plants with a wide range of biologically active constituents, at all times, have been providing scientists with innovative visions both in their natural forms and also by templates for novel molecular prototypes of drugs. Followed by a variety of investigations on a fundamentally unregulated cell growth, cancer has remained a major health problem worldwide with a choice of different expressions and pathologies. Seeing as the deadly nature of cancer, there exists severe scientific challenge among the researchers to understand the disease processes headed for discovery of potential fresh therapies from natural products. It has been accepted that an imbalance between the production of oxidants and frequency of antioxidant defenses namely oxidative stress could be one of the ensuing factors in DNA and protein damage, cancer, ageing, lipid peroxidation and inflammatory activities. 1 Following free radicals that are generated during oxidative stress with unpaired electrons seek for stability through electron pairing with biological macromolecules like proteins, lipids, and DNA of healthy human cells, bringing in about serious consequences of the oxidative stress conditions. In this issue, breast cancer developing from the metastatic progress of primary stage of cell tumors, has been considered as the prevalent malignancy among women the foremost cause of cancer related death. 2 Even so, phyto medicines confirming to be appealing sources of new compounds with new applications in clinical stages seem to have much to offer in treatment of cancers bringing about rational opportunities in this filed. 3-5Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin. 10/2014; 4(Suppl 1):459-464.
Page 1
RESEARCHOpen Access
The in-vitro evaluation of antibacterial, antifungal
and cytotoxic properties of Marrubium vulgare
L. essential oil grown in Tunisia
Zied Zarai1, Adel Kadri2*, Ines Ben Chobba3, Riadh Ben Mansour4, Ahmed Bekir5, Hafedh Mejdoub6and
Néji Gharsallah3
Background: In order to validate its antiseptic and anticancer properties with respect to traditional uses, we have
screened for the first time the antimicrobial activity of aerial parts of M. vulgare L. essential oil against different
pathogenic microorganisms and the cytotoxic activity against HeLa cell lines.
Methods: The agar disk diffusion method was used to study the antibacterial activity of M. vulgare essential oil
against 12 bacterial and 4 fungi strains. The disc diameters of zone of inhibition (DD), the minimum inhibitory
concentrations (MIC) and the concentration inhibiting 50% (IC50) were investigated to characterize the
antimicrobial activities of this essential oil. The in vitro cytotoxicity of M. vulgare essential oil was examined using a
modified MTT assay; the viability and the IC50were used to evaluate this test.
Results: The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil was investigated in order to evaluate its efficacy against the
different tested microorganisms. The present results results showed a significant activity against microorganisms
especially Gram (+) bacteria with inhibition zones and minimal inhibitory concentration values in the range of
6.6-25.2 mm and 1120-2600 μg/ml, respectively, whereas Gram (-) bacteria exhibited a higher resistance. As far as
the antifungal activity, among four strains tested, Botrytis cinerea exhibited the strongest activity with inhibition
zones of 12.6 mm. However, Fusarium solani, Penicillium digitatum and Aspergillus niger were less sensitive to M.
vulgare essential oil. About the citotoxicity assay, this finding indicate the capability of this essential oil to inhibited
the proliferation of HeLa cell lines under some conditions with IC50value of 0.258 μg/ml.
Conclusion: This investigation showed that the M. vulgare essential oil has a potent antimicrobial activity against
some Gram (+) pathogenic bacteria and Botrytis cinerea fungi. The present studies confirm the use of this essential
oil as anticancer agent. Further research is required to evaluate the practical values of therapeutic applications.
Keywords: Antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, essential oil, Marrubium vulgare L., pathogenic microorganisms, HeLa cell
The Lamiaceae plants was considered as one of the large
plant families used as a framework to evaluate the occur-
rence of typical secondary metabolites [1]. The genus
Marrubium comprises 10 species, which are found wild
in many regions of Tunisia. Among them, Marrubium
vulgare L. is a perennial herb of the Labiatae family
which is commonly known as "horehound" in Europe, or
"Marrubia" in Tunisia, is naturalized in North and South
America, the latter and Western Asia. It possesses tonic,
aromatic, stimulant, expectorant, diaphoretic and diuretic
properties. It is helpful for bronchial asthma and non-
productive cough. It was formerly much esteemed in
various uterine, visceral and hepatic affections and in
phthisis [2]. In the Mediterranean region, M. vulgare is
frequently used in folk medicine to cure a variety of dis-
eases. The plant is reported to possess hypoglycemic [3],
vasorelaxant [4], antihypertensive [5], analgesic [6,7],
* Correspondence: firstname.lastname@example.com
2Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences de
Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000 Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Zarai et al. Lipids in Health and Disease 2011, 10:161
© 2011 Zarai et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in
any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Page 2
anti-inflammatory [8], antioxidant activity [9,10], antiede-
matogenic activity [11], and many other biological activ-
ities. In Tunisian folk medicine, it was used as
hypotensive, hypoglycemic and cardiotonic.
Recently, a large number of essential (volatile) oils and
their constituents have been investigated for their bio-
logical activity, notably antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-
oxidant properties [12-14]. Essential oils and their
components are gaining increasing interest as a natural
alternative to synthetic drugs [15], particularly against
microbial agents because of their relatively safe status wide
acceptance by consumers and their exploitation for poten-
tial multipurpose functional use. The chemical composi-
tions of M. vulgare essential oil from various origins have
been the subject of many studies. The literature reveals
the occurence of several chemotypes. From Lithuania, (Z)-
b-farnesene, b-caryophyllene, (E)-2-hexenal, a-humulene
and germacrene D were the main components of M. vul-
gare essential oil [16]. From Czech Republic, the main
constituents of M. vulgare essential oil were b-caryophyl-
lene and germacrene D [17]. From different region of Iran,
the main constituants of M. vulgare essential tricyclene,
b-pinene, bisabolol, b-elemone and isomenthon-8-thiol
[18], b-bisabolene, 8-cadinene and isocaryophyllene [19],
and bisabolene, b-caryophyllene, germacrene D and E-b-
farnesene [20], caryophyllene oxide, b-caryophyllene and
germacrene D [21].
The interest in plants with antimicrobial properties has
been revived because of current problems associated with
the use of antibiotics [22]. Therefore, essential oils and
other naturally occurring antimicrobials are attractive to
the food industry as well as imparting flavor [23]. More
recently, the essential oil of this plant was advocated for
their use as an antioxidant agent [10], but to the best of
our knowledge, there are no reports on the antimicrobial
properties and the cytotoxicity has been published.
Therefore, this paper was conducted to investigate for
the first time the antimicrobial properties against clinical
and pathogenic microorganisms and the cytotoxicity of
M. vulgare essential oil grown in Tunisia.
Chemicals, reagents and plant material
Chemicals and reagents were supported by Prolabo (Paris,
France) and Pharmacia (Uppsala, Swedeen). Plant materi-
als (aerial parts) of M. vulgare L. were grown in the vici-
nity of the village of Ouled Mnasser, with a latitude of
34.88 (34° 52' 60 N) and a longitude of 9.13 (9° 7' 60 E) in
Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia. The aerial parts of wild growing
plant have been collected during the period of June-July
2009. The plant materials were confirmed by a senior A.
bekir. Voucher specimens were deposited at ISET, Sfax
(Département de Génie des procédés) as Bekir 520.
Distillation of essential oil and GC/MS analysis conditions
The fresh aerial parts of M. vulgare (300 g) were hydro-
distilled using a Clevenger-type apparatus to recover the
essential oils for 4 h. The distilled essential oils were
dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and stored
at +4°C.
The essential oil was analyzed using an Agilent-Tech-
nologies 6890 N Network GC system equipped with a
flame ionization detector and HP-5MS capillary column
(30 m × 0.25 mm, film thickness 0.25 μm; Agilent-Tech-
nologies, Little Falls, CA, USA). The injector and detector
temperatures were set at 250 and 280°C, respectively. The
column temperature was programmed from 35 to 250°C
at a rate of 5°C/min, with the lower and upper tempera-
tures being held for 3 and 10 min, respectively. The flow
rate of the carrier gas (helium) was 1.0 ml/min. A sample
of 1.0 μl was injected, using split mode (split ratio, 1:100).
All quantifications were carried out using a built-in data-
handling program provided by the manufacturer of the
gas chromatograph. The composition was reported as a
relative percentage of the total peak area. The identifica-
tion of the essential oil constituents was based on a com-
parison of their retention times to n-alkanes, compared
to published data and spectra of authentic compounds.
Compounds were further identified and authenticated
using their mass spectra compared to the Wiley version
7.0 library.
Antimicrobial activity assay
Microbial strain
The essential oil of M. vulgare was individually tested
against a panel of microorganisms (Table 1). The antimi-
crobial activities of essential oil were determined against
sixteen of human-pathogenic microbial strains. The bac-
teria and fungi used were selected because they have
implicated with skin, oral and intestinal tract of man.
Twelve species of bacteria and four species of fungi as
shown in Table 1 were used in this study.
Table 1 Pathogenic bacteria and fungi used for the
antimicrobial assay
Staphylococcus aureus 1327
Micrococcus luteus
Enterobacter cloacae
Bacillus subtilis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853
Escherchia coli 25922
Botrytis cinerea
Penicillium digitatum
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Enterococcus faecalis
Staphylococcus aureus 25923
Bacillus cereus
Klebsielle pneumoniae WHO24
Fusarium solan
Aspergillus niger
Zarai et al. Lipids in Health and Disease 2011, 10:161
Page 2 of 8
Page 3
Agar diffusion method
The agar diffusion method was employed for the determi-
nation of antibacterial activities of M. vulgare essential oil
according to the method described by Berghe and Vlie-
tinck (1991) [24]. The essential oil extracts were dissolved
in 100% ethanol to a final concentration of 10 mg/ml and
sterilized by filtration trough 0.22 μm Nylon membrane
filter. The bacterial strains were cultured in a nutriment
broth for 24 hours. Then, 200 μl of each suspension
bacteria (106CFU estimated by absorbance at 600 nm)
was spread on Luria Broth agar. Bores were made by using
a sterile borer and were loaded with 10 μl of each sample
extract. Ethanol was used as negative control and ampicil-
lin (10 μg/puit) as positive reference standard. All the
plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Antibacterial
activity was evaluated by measuring the zone of inhibition
in millimetres. All experiments were done in triplicates.
Determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration
The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values,
which represent the lowest essential oil concentration
that completely inhibits the growth of microorganisms,
were determined by a micro-well dilution method [25].
The inoculum of each bacterium was prepared and the
suspensions were adjusted to 106CFU/ml. All the
extracts were dissolved in 100% ethanol and then dilu-
tions series were prepared in a 96-well plate. Each well of
the microplate included 40 μl of the growth medium,
10 μl of inoculums and 50 μl of the diluted sample
extract. The ampicillin and ethanol are used as positive
and negative controls, respectively. The plates were then
covered with the sterile plate and incubated at 37°C for
24 h. After that, 40 μl of 3- (4, 5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-
2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) at a final con-
centration 0.5 mg/ml freshly prepared in water was
added to each well and incubated for 30 min. The change
to red colour indicated that the bacteria were biologically
active. The MIC was taken to the well, where no change
of colour of MTT was observed. The MIC values were
done in triplicate.
Antibacterial assay disc-diffusion method
An antibacterial activity of the essential oils was screened
against eight human pathogenic bacteria. The inhibitory
effect on bacterial growth was determined using agar-
disc diffusion assay [26,27]. The bacterial cultures were
first grown on Muller Hinton agar (MH) plates at 37°C
for 18 to 24 h prior to seeding onto the nutrient agar.
One or several colonies of the respective bacteria were
transferred into API suspension medium (bioMerieux)
and adjusted to 0.5 McFarland turbidity standards with a
Densimat (bioMerieux) [28,29]. The inocula of the
respective bacteria were streaked into MH agar plates
using a sterile swab and were then dried at 37°C during
15 min. A sterile filter disc having 6 mm of diameter was
placed at the surface of MH agar and 5 μl of the essential
oil was dropped onto each Whatman paper disc [30].
The treated Petri dishes were incubated at 37°C for 18 to
24 h. The antibacterial activity was evaluated by measur-
ing the clear zone surrounding the Whatman paper.
Standard discs of the antibiotic ampicillin were applied as
a positive antibacterial controls.
Antibacterial assay dilution method
The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of essential
oil was determined using the Mueller Hinton broth
(MHB) dilution method [31]. All tests were performed
in MHB supplemented with ethanol 5% [32]. Bacterial
strains were cultured overnight in MHB at 37°C. Tubes
of MHB containing various concentrations of oils were
inoculated with 10 μl bacterial inoculums adjusted to
106CFU/ml. They were incubated under shaking condi-
tions (100-120 rpm) at 37°C for 24 h [33,34]. Control
tubes without tested samples were essayed simulta-
neously. The essays were performed in triplicate. The
MIC was defined as the lowest concentration preventing
visible growth [35,36].
Antifungal assay disc-diffusion method
The biological activity against yeasts was determined by
employing disc agar diffusion method using Sabouraud
Dextrose agar [37]. An aliquot (5 μl) of the oil was depos-
ited on sterile paper discs (6 mm diameter) which were
subsequently placed in the centre of the inoculated Petri
dishes. After an incubation period of the 24 h at 30°C, the
inhibitory activity was compared to that of commercial
cycloheximide at a concentration of 10 mg/ml.
Cell lines and culture condition
HeLa cells (cervical cancer line, adherent) were used to
investigate the cytotoxicity effect of essential oil. This cell
line were grown in RPMI 1640 medium (Gibco) supple-
mented with 10% (v/v) foetal calf serum (FCS) and 2 mM
L-glutamin in tissue culture flasks (Nunc). They were
passed twice a week and kept at 37°C in a humidified
atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO2.
MTT test
The proliferation rates of HeLa cells after treatment with
essential oils were determined by the colorimetric 3-(4,5-
dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide
(MTT) assay. The yellow compound MTT is reduced by
mitochondrial dehydrogenases to the water-insoluble
blue compound formazan, depending on the viability of
HeLa cells (4 ×104in each well) were incubated in 96-
well plates for 24 hours in the presence or absence of
essential oil. Twenty microlitres MTT solution (Sigma)
(5 mg mL-1in PBS) were added to each well. The plate
was incubated for 4 h at 37°C in a CO2-incubator. One
hundred and eighty microlitres of medium was removed
Zarai et al. Lipids in Health and Disease 2011, 10:161
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Page 4
from every well without disturbing the cell clusters. A
180 μl methanol/DMSO solution (50:50) was added to
each well, and the preparations were mixed thoroughly
on a plate shaker with the cell containing formazan crys-
tals. After all of the crystals were dissolved, the A570
values were determined with a microplate reader (ELx
Results and Discussion
Antimicrobial assays
The antimicrobial activities of M. vulgare essential
oil against microorganisms examined in the present study
and their potency were qualitatively and quantitatively
assessed by the presence or absence of inhibition zones
and zone diameter (DD), the medium inhibitory concentra-
tion (IC50) and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)
values. This essential oil displayed varied antibacterial and
antifungal activities across the studied pathogens. As can
be seen from Table 2, essential oil inhibited the growth of
bacterial strains produced a zone diameter of inhibition
from 6.6 to 25.2 mm for Gram (+) bacteria, along with
IC50and MIC values ranging from 560-1100 μg/ml and
1120-2600 μg/ml, respectively. Whereas, for Gram (-)
bacteria, no antimicrobial activities of essential oil tested
against all strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853,
Klebsielle pneumoniae WHO24, Escherichia coli 25922 and
Salmonella) has been revealed. Among Gram (+) bacteria,
the strongest activity of M. vulgare essential oil was
observed against Staphylococcus epidermidis (25.2 mm)
followed by Staphylococcus aureus 25923 (18 mm), Entero-
bacter cloacae (13.8 mm), Bacillus subtilis (13.2 mm),
Micrococcus luteus (12 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus
1327 (12 mm). However, Enterococcus faecalis (9.6 mm)
and Bacillus cereus (6.6 mm) exhibited moderate to weak
activities, respectively.
For the fungi strains, the disc diameter zones of inhibition
ranged from 6.4-12.6 mm, along with IC50and MIC values
ranging from 2190-3000 μg/ml and 1100-1180 μg/ml,
respectively. The maximal inhibition zones was obtained
for Botrytis cinerea, however Fusarium solani, Penicillium
digitatum and Aspergillus niger exhibited weak activity.
Our results suggest that Gram (+) bacteria are more sensi-
tive to the M. vulgare essential than Gram (-) bacteria. This
was consistent with the previous studies on other spices
and herbs [38,39]. This generally higher resistance among
Gram (-) bacteria could be ascribed to the presence of their
Table 2 Antibacterial and antifungal activity of the essential oil of M. vulgare using agar disc diffusion, IC50and
minimal inhibition concentration (MIC)
Bacterial strains Gram (+)
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Micrococcus luteus
Enterococcus faecalis
Enterobacter cloacae
Staphylococcus aureus 25923
Bacillus subtilis
Bacillus cereus
Bacterial strains Gram (-)
Botrytis cinerea
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853
Klebsielle pneumoniae WHO24
Escherchia coli 25922
Fungal strains
Botrytis cinerea
Fusarium solani
Penicillium digitatum
Aspergillus. niger
12.0 ± 0.5
25.2 ± 0.3
12.0 ± 0.5
9.6 ± 1.0
13.8 ± 0.6
18 ± 1.0
13.2 ± 1.0
6.6 ± 0.4
2500 ± 50
2200 ± 50
1120 ± 50
1140 ± 10
1500 ± 90
2600 ± 80
2130 ± 50
2113 ± 40
20 ± 0.5
26 ± 0.5
20 ± 1.5
25 ± 1.0
21 ± 1.4
24 ± 0.5
26 ± 0.6
21 ± 1.0
21 ± 0.5
20 ± 1.0
21 ± 0.9
22 ± 0.8
29 ± 1.0
12.6 ± 0.5
6.9 ± 0.5
6.6 ± 0.4
6.4 ± 0.0
2190 ± 12
3220 ± 20
3200 ± 15
3000 ± 50
29 ± 1.0
28 ± 0.6
21 ± 0.9
30 ± 0.5
Results are means of three different experiments,
aDD: Disc Diameter of inhibition (halo size) in (mm), E. oil 100 μg/disc,
bMIC: minimum inhibitory concentration (μg/ml),
cIC50: 50% inhibition concentration (μg/ml),
dDD: Disc Diameter of inhibition zone of ampicillin (10 μg/disc) and cycloheximide (10 μg/disc), were used as positive controls for bacteria and fungi,
NS: not sensitive.
Zarai et al. Lipids in Health and Disease 2011, 10:161
Page 4 of 8
Page 5
outer membrane, surrounding the cell wall, which restricts
diffusion of hydrophobic compounds through its lipopoly-
saccharide covering. The absence of this barrier in Gram
(+) bacteria allows the direct contact of the essential oil's
hydrophobic constituents with the phospholipids bilayer of
the cell membrane, causing either an increase of ion perme-
ability and leakage of vital intracellular constituents, or
impairment of the bacterial enzyme systems. Differences in
MIC values of bacteria may be related to the differential
susceptibility of bacterial cell wall, which is the functional
barrier to minor differences present in the outer membrane
in the cell wall composition [40]. The highest sensitivity of
Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus may
be due to its cell wall structure and outer membrane.
It is most likely that numerous components of the
essential oils play a crucial role in defining the features of
oils, lipophilic or hydrophilic attraction and fixation on
cell wall and membranes, and cellular distribution [41].
This feature is very important because, depending on
their component, the distribution of the oil in the cell
determines the different types of biological activities such
as antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxicity. As reported
previously [10], the M. vulgare essential oils isolated by
hydrodistillation from the aerial parts was analyzed by
HP-5MS column. The general chemical composition of
the essential oil, the percentage contents, and retention
indices of the components are given in Table 3. Thirty
four components could be identified in the oil (100% of
the total oil). The essential oil is constituted mainly by
approximately equal amounts of oxygenated monoter-
penes (40.02%) and sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons
(42.70%). The major components were g-eudesmol
(11,93%), followed by b-citronellol (9,90%), Citronellyl
formate (9,50%) and germacrene D (9,37%). When com-
pared with previous studies [16-21], our study showed
that this essential oil possessed an original composition
with the main component of g-eudesmol (11.93%), which
is not observed elsewhere.
The antimicrobial properties of essential oils from aerial
part of M. vulgare are suspected to be associated, in part
with their high contents of oxygenated compounds
(46.21%). Several researchers also report mono- and sesqui-
terpenoids as the major components of essential oils which
are phenolic in nature [42,43]. It is therefore reasonable to
assume that their antimicrobial activity might be related to
the abundance of phenolic compounds. Referring to the
literature, the antimicrobial activity of the tested essential
oil can be related to the contribution of the mixture
between major (g-eudesmol, b-citronellol, citronellyl for-
mate and germacrene D) and minor (camphene, borneol)
[10] constituents, which known to have efficient antimicro-
bial properties [44,45]. In addition, germacrene-D is known
to have a strong effect on insect behavior [46] and has
significant antibacterial and antifungal activities [47].
Therefore, Essential oils always represent a complex mix-
ture of different chemical components, thus it is very diffi-
cult to reduce the antibacterial effect of the total oil to a
few active principles.
Compared to the positive control, ampicillin (belong-
ing to the penicillin group of beta-lactam antibiotics is
able to penetrate Gram positive and some Gram nega-
tive bacteria) and cycloheximide (generally used only in
in vitro research applications as a fungicide, and is not
suitable for human use as a therapeutic compound)
were found to possess lower activity than the tested
essential oil. We explain this by the fact, that pure com-
ponent, such as antibiotics give a more potent antimi-
crobial activity when compared to a complex mixture of
components such as essential oils.
Cytotoxicity assays
The effect of different concentrations (3.91-3000 μg/ml),
of M. vulgare essential oil on HeLa cell lines were studied.
As depicted in Table 4, they significantly decreased the
viability of HeLa in a dose dependent manner. For a
concentration up to 250 μg/ml, essential oil destructed
HeLa cells by 27%, however for a concentration higher
than 500 μg/ml, all HeLa cells were destructed. At lower
doses, the oil was tolerated by the cells and its IC50(the
concentration of the tested oil required to reduce the cell
survival fraction to 50% of the control) was 0.258 μg/ml.
The volatile oil displayed an excellent cytotoxic effect
towards the human tumor cell line. This makes the tested
oil certainly deserve some further investigation. Referring
to the literature, the cytotoxicity of the tested essential oils
may be due to the presence of some monoterpenes and
sesquiterpenes including a-Humulene [48] and isopre-
noids including geraniol [49]. These compounds were
reported to be active against the tumor cell lines, but in
our oil, they exist in small amount [10]. Although, the pre-
sence of germacrene D in a good amount can enhances
the cytoxicity of the tested oil. This results was confirmed
by Setzer et al., who reported that germacrene D has
exhibited a 7-fold stronger cytotoxic activity against the
Hs 578T cell line in comparison with a-pinene and limo-
nene and a 6-fold stronger action against Hs 578T and
Hep-G2 than 1,8-cineole, linalool, 4-terpineol and a-terpi-
neol [50]. Some reports support the relationship of cyto-
toxicity with antioxidant activity [51]. So the antioxidant
activity of M. vulgare essential oil might contribute to its
cytotoxic activity [45]. Finally, we noted that the synergis-
tic effects of these active chemicals with other constituents
of the essential oil should be taken into consideration.
This study also justifies and reinforces the use of this plant
on traditional medicine. Although all in vitro experiments
hold limitations with regards to possible in vivo efficacy.
The results of this study are very promising as it will serve
as a data base for researchers in these kinds of studies for
Zarai et al. Lipids in Health and Disease 2011, 10:161
Page 5 of 8
Page 6
indicating which essential oils and plant oils may be useful
for specific medical conditions. Furthermore, it is still
necessary to investigate in vivo bioactivity and cytoxicity
of the oil, to explore in more depth its potential beneficial
use in diseases and infections caused by microbes.
In conclusion, our study can be considered as the first
report on the antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of
M. vulgare volatile oil. The in vitro antimicrobial activity
of the obtained may well be due to the presence of
synergy, antagonism or additive effects of the tested
major components of the oils, which possess various
potency of activity. The results of the cytotoxic activity
against HeLa cell lines in this study are very promising
with regards to possible antineoplastic chemotherapy
and form a very sound basis for future research. Our
results are a contribution to a better valorization of this
Table 3 Chemical composition, retention indices and percentage composition of the M. vulgare essential oil
N° CompoundRI% Identification
N-trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide
N, N-bis trimethylsilyl trifluoroacetamide
a- pinene
Iso menthone
Citronellyl formate
Geranyl formate
neryl acetate
a -agarofuran
Furan-2-one, 4-phenyltetrahydro
Citronellyl butanoate
Geranyl tiglate
Cyclononasiloxane, octadecamethyl
Total identification
Yield (g/100 g dry weight)
Hydrocarbon monoterpenes
Oxygenated monoterpenes
Hydrocarbon sesquiterpenes
Oxygenated sesquiterpene
Zarai et al. Lipids in Health and Disease 2011, 10:161
Page 6 of 8
Page 7
medicinal plant. Several other biological tests will be
worthwhile to search for more eventual activities of this
plant to characterize active principles, and assess toxicity
by laboratory assays.
Author details
1Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Génie Enzymatique des Lipases, ENIS, BPW,
1173 Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia.2Laboratoire de Chimie des Substances
Naturelles, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000 Sfax, University of
Sfax, Tunisia.3Laboratoire de Microbiologie Alimentaire, Faculté des sciences
de Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000 Sfax, University of Sfax Tunisia.4Unité de recherche
Biotechnologie et pathologies, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sfax,
University of Sfax, Tunisia.5Département de Génie des procédés, ISET Sfax,
Km 2,5 Rte de Mahdia, 3099 Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia.6Laboratoire de
Biochimie, Faculté des sciences de Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000 Sfax, University of
Sfax, Tunisia.
Authors' contributions
ZZ, AK, IBC and RBM carried out the experimental part such as extraction,
antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxicity assays. AB contribute to the analysis
of the results. HM and NG supervised the work and corrected the
manuscript. Authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Received: 23 August 2011 Accepted: 21 September 2011
Published: 21 September 2011
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Cite this article as: Zarai et al.: The in-vitro evaluation of antibacterial,
antifungal and cytotoxic properties of Marrubium vulgare L. essential oil
grown in Tunisia. Lipids in Health and Disease 2011 10:161.
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Saccadic Suppression
JOSA, Vol. 59, Issue 5, pp. 617-623 (1969)
Acrobat PDF (799 KB)
A shift of the peak of the Stiles-Crawford effect suggests that saccades shear the retina. This action appears to lead to an increase of the retinal activity of a real-light background. Thus, thresholds following a saccade are raised the most for test wavelengths which are most similar to the adapting-field wavelength. If the adapting field is eliminated, saccadic suppression is reduced. Saccades also affect the customary rises of thresholds found near the onset and extinction of the adapting field. This effect is as if the retinal feedback loop underlying adaptation is disrupted by the saccade.
WHITMAN RICHARDS, "Saccadic Suppression," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 59, 617-623 (1969)
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- J. E. Dowling, Science 155, 273 (1967).
- R. M. Chapman, Vision Res. 2, 89 (1962); R. A. Cone, J. Gen. Physiol. 47, 1089 (1964).
- Note also the characteristic secondary decrease of the threshold near 180 to 200 msec equivalent to 50 or 70 msec prior to the beginning of the return saccade. This decrease has also been reported by others.1–4 We propose that the peak and valley preceding the eye movement reflect neural disinhibition or the Broca-Sulzer phenomenon, whereas those decreases that occur after a single eye movement are due to retinal (or vitreous) oscillations.
- H. D. Baker, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 39, 172 (1949); 53, 98 (1963).
- R. M. Boynton, Arch. Ophthalmol. 60, 800 (1958).
- F. Ratliff, H. K. Hartline, and W. H. Miller, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 53, 110(1963).
- G. Westheimer, J. Physiol. (London) 190, 139 (1967).
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A song premiere, plus a chat about finding your style, and your home.
NYC's new mayor, this week's internet heroine, and more.
A photo diary from Dana's trip to Japan.
Olivia's photo diary of her trip to Japan.
All the shrines you sent in, worshipping everything from ugly babies to Morrissey's nipples to Twilight.
On eating buttons and dispensing free condoms.
Psst! Hey! Can you keep a secret? March's theme is TRUST, which is about honesty and its opposite, plus so much more. If you'd like to entrust us with an essay or a photo set, comic, poem, short story, or any other pitch you've got, please email it to firstname.lastname@example.com. ✪
Rookie is a website for teenage girls. With monthly-themed content, we update three times every weekday, and once a day on weekends. Click here to find out where to send stuff you'd like us to see. Learn about the people who write this thing here.


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4 bedrooms for 8 guests
1 bath(s), 2 shower(s)
There are five reasons for booking Chalet Charlotte.
First, its position. It is on the edge of the old village, a short walk from the church, 50m from the nursery slopes. You can almost ski to the door.
Secondly, the interior: like Jonah's whale, it is a great deal roomier and more comfortable than one would imagine from the exterior. It has a very pleasant sitting-dining room with a high ceiling, open-plan kitchen, a balcony with a good view up Bellevarde, and a big, solid fireplace built of stones collected by the owner for the matching colours of their lichen.
On the same floor as the living room are two twin bedrooms. Room 1 has a high ceiling and a french window to a wide terrace. There is a bathroom with both a bath and a shower – very convenient for people inured to seeing each other starkers – and a separate wc.
Upstairs, via a staircase too steep for anyone's Granny or toddler (its third USP), are a comfy twin bedroom and a very cosy double. They share a shower-room with wc. These two rooms are tucked under the eaves, and their windows are a stroke of genius: not just the normal skylights, which don't do a lot under ten feet of snow, but also proper windows opening onto the living room below. These give all the fresh air you want, yet you go to sleep to the scent of the log fire and wake up to the smell of fresh coffee.
The fourth reason is what the chalet does not have: en-suite bathrooms, because as a result it also doesn't attract the sort of guest who spends his holiday worrying that someone else might have borrowed his toothpaste.
The fifth and perhaps the greatest reason for staying in Chalet Charlotte is that it offers ruinously good value – ruinous to us, not you – and in these days when the pound in your pocket just slipped through a hole in the lining, eating YSE food 50m from the slopes without having to remortgage the castle sounds like a good investment!
Bedroom 1
Twin (10'8" x 10'3") on the lower floor, with high ceiling, which makes room feel extra spacious, and balcony.
Bedroom 2
Twin (10'8" x 10'3") on the lower floor.
Bedroom 3
Twin (10' x 9'3") on the upper floor, with a low fitted cupboard under the eaves (the room is actually 12'9" wide at this point). It has a skylight and an internal window overlooking the sitting-dining room.
Bedroom 4
Double (9'6" x 7'6") on the upper floor, with windows like Bedroom 3.
One wc and a bathroom (with bath and separate shower) on lower floor, a shower-room with wc on upper floor.
Sitting-Dining Room
(19' x 12') plus open-plan kitchen. Wood panelled with high ceiling, balcony, underfloor heating, and sofas around an attractive stone fireplace.
Prices in turquoise indicate a Ski Pass offer available (including child discounts for Christmas). Please see the Ski Pass and Discounts page for details.
December |
£ | January |
£ | February |
£ | March |
£ | March/April |
£ | ||||
7 | 460 |
4 | 720 | 1 | 720 | 1 | 760 | 29 | 1060 | ||||
14 | 730 | 11 | 680 | 8 | 720 | 8 | 750 | 5 | 970 | ||||
21 | 910 | 18 | 720 | 15 | 1370 | 15 | 740 | 12 | 620 | ||||
28 | 1310 | 25 | 780 | 22 | 780 | 22 | 730 | 19 | 460 |
These prices are per person per week in sterling.


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Decimal Degrees: Latitude: 36.9047467 Longitude: -104.2585923
Share your comments and photos of Towndrow (historical), a Locale in Colfax County, NM
(Optional) Upload a photo taken at this location:
Church: Saint Johns Church
Gap: Manco Burro Pass
Locale: Towndrow (historical) , Berry , Demcheck
Mine: Newton Mine , Tondrow Peak Mine , Harvey-Genta Mine , Scoop Prospect
Reservoir: Berry Lake
Spring: Ross Spring
Stream: Bear Canyon
Summit: Horse Shoe Mesa , Towndrow Peak , Little Mesa
Valley: Rathbun Canyon
16 Places found nearby
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Time to build: 0.1240 Secs | Cached: 02-Mar-15 09:35 AM


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Q: Parties of Mali signed the draft agreement on peace and reconciliation in Algeria the other day. What is China's comment on this?
A: The Chinese side has taken note of the positive outcomes in the peace and reconciliation process of Mali. We appreciate and support the unremitting efforts by the international community, the Algerian government in particular, to solve the Malian crisis and realize regional peace and stability. We call on all parties of Mali to bear in mind the general interests, maintain national unity and territorial integrity, and seize the opportunity to realize national peace, stability and development at an early date.
Q: A knife attack took place in Guangzhou railway station this morning. What is China's comment on this? Do you think this is a terrorist attack?
A: I have seen such report but do no know the specifics. We believe that local public security authorities will take immediate and effective measures to protect people's life and property, and investigate this case as soon as possible.
Q: US Ambassador to the ROK Mark Lippert was attacked and injured when attending an event in Seoul on March 5. Does China have any any comment on this?
A: The Chinese side expresses regret over this unfortunate incident. We believe that the ROK side will handle this case properly and hope that Ambassador Mark Lippert will recover soon.
Q: First, the UK issued a report saying that there are increasing limitations to freedom and autonomy of Hong Kong that China promised to deliver to Hong Kong 30 years ago during negotiations with the UK. What is China's response to this? Second, Japanese Foreign Ministry said on March 5 that China and Japan would hold the first security talk in four years later this month. Can you give us more details?
A: On your first question, the "one country, two systems" policy has gained substantial achievements since the return of Hong Kong. This is a fact that any objective and unbiased person will agree to. Hong Kong is a special administrative region of China, and Hong Kong affairs are entirely China's domestic affairs which the UK side has no right to interfere in. There is no such thing as "obligation" that UK claims over Hong Kong.
On your second question, the foreign ministries of China and Japan maintain normal contact. Assistant Foreign Minister Liu Jianchao will visit the ROK and Japan in mid-to-late March. He will hold regular consultations with his ROK and Japanese counterparts respectively for the China-ROK diplomatic consultation and China-Japan security dialogue as well as the regular diplomatic consultation. The China-Japan security dialogue and regular diplomatic consultation are important channels of communication between diplomatic and defense departments of the two countries. The two sides will exchange views on bilateral relations, respective national defense policies and international and regional issues of common interest through this dialogue and consultation.
Q: The new Sri Lankan government decides to temporarily suspend the Colombo port city project in line with the review outcomes of relevant technology committee. What is China's comment on this?
A: The Sri Lankan government has informed China of relevant situation, saying that the project is only suspended temporarily rather than canceled and promising to keep communication and consultation with China on the follow-ups. We also notice that the Sri Lankan side is investigating some cooperation projects with other countries involved. We will closely monitor how this plays out, and hope that the Sri Lankan side can properly resolve relevant issue and safeguard the rights and legitimate interests of Chinese companies while protecting the fundamental interests of Sri Lanka's national development and protecting Chinese companies' enthusiasm to invest in Sri Lanka.
Q: Media reports say that the People's Liberation Army will attend the military parade to be held in Moscow. Can you confirm this and provide us more details?
A: This year marks the 70th anniversary of the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War. China and Russia have agreed to jointly hold commemorations and celebrations. You may refer to the Defense Ministry for specifics.


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iTunes Music Store nominated for three Webby Awards
MacMinute reports Apple's iTunes Music Store is up for three Webby Awards this year. Presented by The International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences, the awards are given to the world's best Web sites for 2004. The iTunes Music Store is nominated in the Commerce, Music, and Services categories.
Related Stories
- Apple releases iTunes 12.1.1 update for Windows
- Report: Details on Apple's upcoming Beats-based streaming service
- Apple releases iTunes 12.1 update, adds Notification Center widget
- Apple responds to EU iTunes refund abuse
- Apple introduces 14-day refund policy on iTunes purchases in the EU
- Apple found not guilty in iPod, iTunes Store lock-in suit
If they're gonna nominate it for awards, then do it after the iTMS goes worldwide, not before! I want my music
Posted by Nuke666 in Melbourne, Austalia on April 21, 2004 at 1:42 AM (CDT)
Its not your music!!!
Lol you only hold a license to use it
Posted by iPOD on May 13, 2004 at 4:33 AM (CDT)
If you have a comment, news tip, advertising inquiry, or coverage request, a question about iPods/iPhones/iPad or accessories, or if you sell or market iPod/iPhone/iPad products or services, read iLounge's Comments + Questions policies before posting, and fully identify yourself if you do. We will delete comments containing advertising, astroturfing, trolling, personal attacks, offensive language, or other objectionable content, then ban and/or publicly identify violators.
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RageBurning bloodA scream I can't hold backFists clenchedA punch on the wallBecause I've had enoughBecause anger has taken overMy broken mindAnd I must unleash itBefore it destroysWhat's left of me
Beautiful liesBeautiful liesHiding the cold truthA truth we can't handleSo we avoid itBecause it's better to liveIn a world of lies
By your sideIs your soul gone?Is your heart broken?Is your mind a mess?Are your hopes and dreams dead?Are you rejected for being who you are?Then your place is right hereBy our sideBy the side of the broken onesUnited to surviveTogether to endure the cruelty of this world
MadnessI'm drowning in sadnessAnd spiraling into madnessMy mind is a messSo make a guessI'm falling into crazinessSo I can become carelessAnd find hapiness
Where are you?JoyHappinessLoveWhere are you allWhen I need you the most?When I'm hurting myselfTo evade numbness?When I feel so lonelyI wish I had voices in my head?When I cry myself to sleepTrying to forget the past?When I feel so helplessSo worthlessThat I wish I was dead?My hopes are still aliveBut barelySo joyHappinessLoveWhere are you?Please come and help meBefore it's too late
EmptyCrimson woundsBlack soulBroken mindShattered heartOnce a personNow an empty shellWandering aloneOn this world of misery
Wounds and scarsWoundsHeal over timeBut scarsAre foreverBecause no matterHow hard you tryYou can't wash awayA scarIt's thereHidden in plain sightA testimonyOf your pastA memoryOf a painful momentYou can love themAnd be proudOr you can hate themAnd be ashamedI have many alreadyAnd many more will comeBut I'm not ashamedBecause they are a part of meA precious part of my life
Random thoughtLove is like oxygenYou need it to liveBut it kills you slowly
The crowdA face in the crowdA world withinWalking to nowhereLooking for myselfLooking for the answersTo my many questionsWhile going unnoticedBy this world of emptinessAs every person around meHas another world insideOther questionsOther paths of lifeAll leading to the same fateThe meeting with the reaper
Broken PromiseI made a promiseTo someone I loveI promissed to endThis cycle of self destructionBut promises are made of glassEasy to breakIt never stoppedI'm still dyingBit by bitAnd the shardsOf that broken promiseAre carved on that messThat used to be my heart
Go away!Don't look at meDon't talk to meDon't touch meGo away!I want to be aloneIt's my fateIt's my curseYou try to understand meBut you can'tBecause you have no ideaWhat I have to endureBut when I look aroundYou're still hereFor some reasonYou won't leave...(Thank you...)
A Few MomentsA whole lifeSufferingA whole yearIn painA whole dayOf sadnessBut a few momentsOf happinessTo keep me going
NightmareWelcome to my nightmareWelcome to the darknessWithin my mindA place where hope is lostLove is a dreamAnd joy doesn't existA place where pain rules over allSuffering is a mustAnd demons are everywhereA place where life is meaninglessThe living dance with the deadAnd insanity is imminentA place where the voices in your headNever stop haunting youAnd all the memories overflow your mindA place locked within meGrowing in secrecyUntil the day I can take it no moreWelcome...Welcome to my personal Hell...
True FriendsTrue friendsAre the ones who stay by your sideEven when you tell them to go awayTrue friendsAre the ones who lift you upEven when they feel downTrue friendsAre the ones you never need to apologize toEven when you mess everything upA true friendIs what I need the mostTo save meFrom myself...
HeartBrokenMy heart isAnd in shredsI'll forever leave itSo it can't be brokenEver again
ShardsBroken glassAll over the floorMy reflectionLooking back at meFrom each one of themEach shiny pieceA memory of the pastEach sharp edgeA pain I had to endureThese are the shardsThe shards of my broken lifeAnd my destinyIs to spend eternityMaking it whole again
Good or evil?Haunted by my pastSeeking light in the darknessI can control the chaosTo destroy what's in my pathAnd emerge as the rulerOf this cruel realitySo I can find outWho I really am...
DualityLiving a liePretending to be fineMy shell stays strongBut my heart is in piecesThe shell protects meBut it keeps others at bayWhen I need them the mostWhen my heart needs to be fixedI wish someone, somedayBreaks that shellFixes my heartAnd tames the monster I have become
Only Human..I'm only human Breathing And breaking Falling down to depths unknown Lost in thought Heart beating slower Clock ticking a beat to late Crying with a smile I make a heart with my scars Breaking in silence Falling apart..
ReliefRelief Sweet relief Trickling down like blessed rain You can breathe You can laugh You can throw back your head And let the tears of relief flow down your face You can breathe You can finally breathe Thank God, you can finally breathe! It's been suffocating you for five months Almost half a year And now you can finally relax And be relieved That the secret is out And everything's okay For once.. You don't have to be afraid.
LungsMaybe ifour lungsexhaled moneyinstead ofcarbon dioxide,we'd valuelifea little more(or maybe we'd just go broke).
NumbersOne time I broke downRight in frount of youInstead of leaving me behindYou decided to help me throughYou told me I should countWhenever things got strange"Remember" you said"Those numbers never change"One female childTen fingers, ten toesTwo brown eyesTwo ears and one noseFour tall pale wallsOne celing, one floorFour windows, two cracksAnd one gray doorThose were the thingsThat kept me aliveThe numbers and youThrough those trying timesNow that you're goneI can't figure out what's trueBut still have the numbersOnly now the numbers are youOne male teenBrown hair, badly cutScars on both armsLips tight shutOne brown casketFour church wallsNo one leftBut one girl so smallEveryone leftNo one that caredTwo bodies all aloneBoth spirits so scared
Friends of the PastShe was the girl who wanted to drownShe started way too youngEleven years old and already covered in scaresThat child was just the beginningHe was the boy who couldn't take in any moreEverything was always his faultHe met the girl, and tried to save herBut he was too late and took it out on himselfShe was the one who was just done with itShe was waiting for her chance to goShe met the girl, and tried to save herBut she was gone before she could do any goodShe was the one who took advantage of the poor girlUsed her till she was nothing, then moved onThe girl tried to help her, but was too lateDid she deserve what she got?He was the one who cared too muchAnd that made him angryEveryone got what they wanted, but not himThey were alone in their misery togetherAll these people came through the girls lifeAnd one by one they leftEventually all that was left was the first and the beginningNow even that has gone
i am beautifuli. i am beautiful with tear streaked eyes and shaking hands clutching my blanket as hard as i canii. i am beautiful i decide as i walk down the school hallways faking a smile watching masks slipping off of people's faces as i walk by iii. i am beautiful i think as i stand facing a bathroom mirror clutching only a towel around my bare body thinking about how numb seeped it's way into my heart and how it feels like there is nothing there to stop it from destroying me...iv. i am beautiful i pray with closed eyes and shaking hands that maybe... ..somehow.. ..someday.. i can believe i am truly beautiful and not pretend at allv.the snow is whiteas i stand at heaven's pearly gates looking at a reflection at a girlwho has the widest smile i've ever seen and is by far the most beautiful girl i've ever looked ati hear
Empty AirReaching out in darkness Hoping to find the light In this sea of loneliness And helpless plight Hoping for an angelTo dry away my tears Hoping for a hugTo wash away my fears Reaching... Grasping... Holding onto to empty air. ...it really does hurt, when you're not here.
We Are So FragileHumans are so fragile, We break so easily with words and actions. Some are just better at hiding the shattered pieces than others.
In Over My HeadHelp me please,I'm in over my head.And drowning in the water,Of my own tears.
Never OverOne fight overAnother one followsBattle is all we doCausing pain and sufferingTo ourselves and othersBut we want to stopAnd we cryLonging for a moment of peaceWaiting for our battles to be over
I understand this all to well...
Just remember...see your followers and comments...people care


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If You wish meet nice people, eat good food and have fun choose Hotel Koppers in Pineda de Mar. I had a great time there, friendly staff , nice and clean room. All you need for happines is sunny Spain! :) Greetings from Oslo !
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Expedia, Despegar.com, TripOnline SA and Odigeo so you can book your Hotel Koppers reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Koppers Hotel Pineda De Mar


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PlantFiles: Daylily
Hemerocallis 'Summer Wind'
Family: Hemerocallidaceae (hem-er-oh-kal-id-AY-see-ee) (Info) Genus: Hemerocallis (hem-er-oh-KAL-iss) (Info) Cultivar: Summer Wind Hybridized by Bryant; Year of Registration or Introduction: 1982 » View all varieties of Daylilies 4 members have or want this plant for trade. Height: Spacing: Hardiness: Sun Exposure: Soil pH requirements: Patent Information: Propagation Methods: Bloom Time: Flower Size: Blooming Habit: Flower Type: Bloom Color: Color Patterns: Flower Fragrance: Foliage Habit: Ploidy: Awards (if applicable): | Click thumbnail to view: By DaylilySLP By Hollyall By Joy By Joy By Joy By sadie_mae By Marilynbeth There are a total of 10 photos. |
1 positive
1 neutral
No negatives
Gardeners' Notes:
This plant has been said to grow in the following regions:
San Bernardino, California
Hebron, Kentucky
Salvisa, Kentucky
Gladwin, Michigan
Excelsior, Minnesota
Ravenna, Ohio
Kalama, Washington


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W12682 Pleasant View Park Road
Almost all errands require a car.
Score Details
W12682 Pleasant View Park Road has a Walk Score of 1 out of 100. This location is a Car-Dependent neighborhood so almost all errands require a car.
Nearby schools include Merrimac Community Elementary School and Merrimac Elementary School.
The closest grocery store is Slack's Inc.
Nearby restaurants include Fish Tales Restaurant, Sunset Harbor Bar & Grill and Candy's Cafe.
Explore how far you can travel by car, bus, bike and foot from W12682 Pleasant View Park Road.


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Watch "The Student Body (1976)" Movie Online
Carrie, Mitzie, and Chicago get in trouble a lot in the womens prison, but are offered early parolement...
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Begin the Journey Adult T-shirt
Originally Starting at:
Starting at:$11.99
Its cool vintage look, super-soft feel, and athletic fit lend popular appeal to a classic BSA-message tee. "Begin the Journey—1910—BSA" design is timeless and appears so on this lightly "aged", front screen-print. Short-sleeve style in Kelly Green Heather 50% cotton/50% polyester. Learn More -
Eagle Scout® "Merit Beyond the Badge" Adult T-shirt
Originally Starting at:
Starting at:$11.99
Distinctive design celebrates the life-long gains inherent in your Eagle Scout status. Center-front chest screen-print prominently features a large eagle-head graphic. Short-sleeve, athletic-fit T-shirt is made of a super-soft, ringspun blend of 50% cotton/50% polyester. Chocolate Heather Brown. Imported. Learn More -
"Scout On" T-shirt
Starting at:
"Be Prepared and Scout On" is screen-printed on the front of this short-sleeved, crewneck T-shirt, paying homage to the World War II motivational slogan, "Keep Calm and Carry On." 100% ring-spun, pre-shrunk cotton. Red. Imported. Learn More -
The Summit® Compass T-shirt
Starting at:
Talk about a 'True North' destination! The Summit highlights the best of BSA and is featured on this tee with a cool, graphic depiction of a compass incorporating "Summit Bechtel Reserve®" lettering. Learn More


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Welcome to Florida Pointer Rescue!
We are a no kill rescue based in New Smyrna Beach FL, dedicated to saving the lives of Pointers and urgent dogs and pups in Florida and surrounding states. We are a foster based, volunteer organization. While we focus on rescuing pointers, we also rescue urgent mixed breed dogs and puppies. We are 100% volunteer organization and are funded soley by donations.
Please visit our Facebook page, join us in welcoming the new arrivals
and celebrating adoptions as they happen!
Fostering Saves Lives
Fosters are the backbone of any rescue organization, please consider opening your heart and your home.
Email email@example.com or fill out the Volunteer Form if you wish to help.
Other helpful links
Paypal Donations: email@example.com


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Thomas Henry Huxley
11 of 47 portraits of Thomas Henry Huxley
Thomas Henry Huxley
by Elliott & Fry
albumen carte-de-visite, 1870s
3 1/2 in. x 2 1/4 in. (90 mm x 58 mm) image size
Given by Phyllis Cunnington, 1962
Photographs Collection
NPG Ax18298
Click on the links below to find out more:
Sitterback to top
- Thomas Henry Huxley (1825-1895), Biologist and science educationist. Sitter in 47 portraits.
Exhibitions and displays
- 'The artist's cause at heart': M.H. Spielmann, Collector and Donor
Until 1 August - Thomas Carlyle: Historian of Heroes
Until 30 March


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Posts tagged adventure-mode
Minecraft Adventure mode coming in update 1.8, game launch delayed by a week
Mojang Studio's next update to Minecraft, 1.7, promises the addition of pistons (seriously!), thus allowing for the creation of mechanical objects. Rather than include it as planned in the 1.8 update alongside Adventure mode, creative lead Markus "Notch" Persson and partner Jens Bergentsen instea...
Dojo update: The Subspace Awesome-ary
It's hard for us to clear our minds after watching this trailer, and have any thoughts beyond our initial reactions of drooling all over ourselves. But, we will try, if only for you, dear reader. You may remember the Subspace Emissary update in August, introducing a side-scrolling action game...
Featured Stories
Off the Grid: The Witcher Adventure Game and Star Wars Imperial Assault
Posted on Feb 3rd 2015 2:15PM


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Association for Research and Enlightenment
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Excerpts from books plus author interviews
Stock #609
Format: Paperback
Length: 195 pgs
Price: $16.95
This simple plan shows how to achieve the acid/alkaline balance that is ideal for keeping your body more energetic and much more resistant to viruses. Includes the latest nutrition research, insights into the strange effects caused by poor food combinations, how to eat for your unique metabolic type, and how to safely fast for better health. This book includes the healing powers of plants, vital statistics on food additives, and the dangers of excess—all-important information for the health-conscious individual.
Mysteries of the Supernatural: A Psychic's Guide Beyond the Veil
Darrin William Owens Paperback
Price: $12.95 [Member Price: $10.36]
Lapis Bracelet, Pocket Stone and Pendant Set
Price: $50.55 [Member Price: $40.45]


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Tim Tebow
No Tim Tebow Means Less Buzz, More Football At Jets Training Camp
There's no talk about shirtless jogs through the rain after practice, perhaps the defining moment of Tebow's tenure with the Jets. There are also no secret plans for the wildcat offense, or when Tebow will supplant Mark Sanchez as the starter.
Jets Training Camp Practice To Resume After Severe Storms
The New York Jets have suspended training camp practice because of severe storms. It will resume at 3:30 p.m.
Giglio: For Jets Head Coach Rex Ryan, Less Is More
Less is more, Rex. Instead of becoming a complete football coach, dance with what brought you to this level: defense.
Tebow On Aaron Hernandez's Murder Charge: It's 'Heartbreaking And Sad'
"Well, it was heartbreaking and sad and we've been advised not to comment on an ongoing legal investigation," Tebow said. "So I'm not going to comment further. But it's just heartbreaking and sad…"
No Shortage Of Storylines As Jets Report To Training Camp
Darrelle Revis is long gone. So is Tim Tebow. And so are several other players from last year's dismal Jets team. It's time to start fresh at Camp Cortland.
Tim Tebow's Biggest Fan Is … Darryl Strawberry?
"I look at Tebow, and he gets bashed because of his faith," Strawberry said. "Let 'em laugh. Let 'em talk. He's a greater man than anyone who might be greater than him as an athlete."
Geno Smith Won't Attend Mark Sanchez's 'Jets West' Camp
While some have speculated it could be the first sign of tension between the two QBs, it could also merely be a case in which Smith opted to stay close to home where he has been working out all summer.
Keidel: Patriots Are Unworthy Of Their Recent Moral Crowning
Out of nowhere, the Patriots are instantly and eternally regal because they released Hernandez. When did the suddenly pious Patriots become the beacon of justice?
Tim Tebow Tried To Intervene In 2007 Hernandez Bar Fight
Aaron Hernandez is apparently no stranger to violence. And one incident report even listed Tebow as a witness.
Police Visit Home Of Patriots TE Aaron Hernandez In Connection With Possible Homicide
State police returned to the home of New England Patriots tight end Aaron Hernandez on Wednesday, two days after a body was found about a mile away.
Antrel Rolle: Signing Tim Tebow Was 'A Good Move' For The Patriots
"Honestly, I thought it was a good move," Rolle told WFAN co-hosts Joe Benigno and Evan Roberts. "…I really don't comment too much on him being a quarterback … The guy has won games in this league, whether it's with his arm, whether it's with his legs."
Tim Tebow's 'Spirituality' No Small Factor For Patriots Owner Robert Kraft
The word in New England on Tuesday was "Tebow." The next day it was all about "spirituality." Coincidence? Not at all.
Too Close To Call: Jets Might Not Name Starting Quarterback Until August
Rex Ryan and the New York Jets might not know who their starting quarterback is until sometime during training camp in August — and the coach is willing to be patient.
Keidel: Tim Tebow Is Gone — And It's Time To Get A Grip
The Tim Tebow saga has become so distorted that the contrasting commentary runs like watercolors all over his face. Tebow has somehow become the dual emblem of sports and idolatry, the good and the bad.
Palladino: Let's Face It, Tebowmania Is (Or Should Be) Dead
If the Patriots training camp turns into the Tebowmania circus that swallowed up Jets camp last year, lay the blame squarely on the media this time.


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A few for now, more posts by me soon, I promise:
Not an entirely benign form of expression
The Smartphone Is the Computer — Or It Will Be
Has the Future of the Internet come about?
Paradigm Shifts 1 – THE METRIC SYSTEM
I'm Not Willing to Believe You – A Ph.D. is not just the dissertation.
Threats to science-based medicine: Pharma ghostwriting (revisited)
Mamutfest, Kikinda, 10-11 September – science fest in Serbia
Science, bloggers, activists, and science as 'the one true global culture'?
Plan to organize the Internet turns out to be a pipe dream
From ScienceWriters: A look at science milestones
Bats movin' on up with high-rise apartment
2010 Conference on Communicating Science – speakers
Here's Everything You Need To Know About Google Instant
Where does the myth of a gene for things like intelligence come from?
99 Gallons of Gatorade – A Bar Mitzvah Bike Ride Across America
How does one guard their research ideas?
The Bubble Chamber – a place for thinking about science and society
What Do You Call Facebook For Scientists? Um…Facebook.
Seasonal and Ontogenetic Changes in Movement Patterns of Sixgill Sharks


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byRick Whiting on
4. The Social Media Software Buying Binge
Although Salesforce released Chatter in 2010, it seemed like 2012 brought social media to the fore, with a number of IT vendors scrambling to jump on the bandwagon -- sometimes paying big bucks to do so. Microsoft's $1.2 billion acquisition of Yammer and its cloud-based social networking software for businesses was perhaps the most conspicuous move. SAP launched its Jam employee collaboration application, while Salesforce unveiled plans for its upcoming Salesforce Communities that will connect employees, customers and partners in a single network. Some acquisitions focused on tools for making better use of social networks for marketing purpose, including Oracle's buyout of Collective Intellect and Vitrue, and Salesforce's acquisition of Buddy Media (for $689 million). Others, including IBM's $1.3 billion acquisition of Kenexa, focused on using social networks for employee recruitment. "The social revolution is going on right now, and it is unlike anything we've experienced before," Salesforce CEO Marc Benioff (pictured) said in a Dreamforce keynote. "Business is social. Social networking is the fastest growing segment of the industry."
Live At XChange Solution Provider 2015
XChange Solution Provider 2015 is finally upon us and the timing couldn't be better. The premier channel event is happening March 1-3 in Dallas, bringing together 225 solution provider decision makers from across North America. CRN is at the event to provide news, analysis and a firsthand take from partners.
Here are 10 recent searches by CRN visitors.
Cloud 100


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Economic Development:
Comments Relating to Reauthorization of the Defense Production Act
T-NSIAD-90-10: Published: Mar 1, 1990. Publicly Released: Mar 1, 1990.
Additional Materials:
- Full Report:
GAO discussed its proposed legislation to reauthorize and amend the Defense Production Act of 1950 (DPA). GAO noted that it supported: (1) modernizing DPA; (2) fostering development of technologies and advanced processes and investment in modern production equipment; (3) improving the integration of national security and economic policy; and (4) ensuring a realistic assessment of the demands of national defense plans. GAO believes that: (1) the proposed legislation could better provide for disclosure of significant dissenting agency reviews in the reports to Congress; (2) the proposed national stockpile fund could have a detrimental effect on the stockpile program because rapid technological developments would increase obsolescence; (3) proposed antitrust-related changes would improve the Department of Defense's (DOD) ability to increase the efficiency, competitiveness, and responsiveness of the defense industrial base; and (4) Congress and DOD need improved defense industrial base data collection and coordination for procuring from foreign sources.
Feb 12, 2015
African Growth and Opportunity Act:
Eligibility Process and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan AfricaGAO-15-300: Published: Feb 12, 2015. Publicly Released: Feb 12, 2015.
Dec 17, 2014
Federal Emergency Management Agency:
Opportunities Exist to Strengthen Oversight of Administrative Costs for Major DisastersGAO-15-65: Published: Dec 17, 2014. Publicly Released: Dec 17, 2014.
Dec 12, 2014
Hurricane Sandy:
FEMA Has Improved Disaster Aid Verification but Could Act to Further Limit Improper AssistanceGAO-15-15: Published: Dec 12, 2014. Publicly Released: Dec 12, 2014.
Dec 11, 2014
Flood Insurance:
Forgone Premiums Cannot Be Measured and FEMA Should Validate and Monitor Data System ChangesGAO-15-111: Published: Dec 11, 2014. Publicly Released: Dec 11, 2014.
Oct 23, 2014
Small Business Administration:
Additional Steps Needed to Help Ensure More Timely Disaster AssistanceGAO-14-760: Published: Sep 29, 2014. Publicly Released: Oct 23, 2014.
Jul 29, 2014
National Flood Insurance Program:
Additional Guidance on Building Requirements to Mitigate Agricultural Structures' Damage in High-Risk Areas Is NeededGAO-14-583: Published: Jun 30, 2014. Publicly Released: Jul 29, 2014.
Jun 6, 2014
Community Development Capital Initiative:
Status of the Program and Financial Health of Remaining ParticipantsGAO-14-579: Published: Jun 6, 2014. Publicly Released: Jun 6, 2014.
May 14, 2014
Disaster Resilience:
Actions Are Underway, but Federal Fiscal Exposure Highlights the Need for Continued Attention to Longstanding ChallengesGAO-14-603T: Published: May 14, 2014. Publicly Released: May 14, 2014.
May 9, 2014
Overview of GAO's Past Work on the National Flood Insurance ProgramGAO-14-297R: Published: Apr 9, 2014. Publicly Released: May 9, 2014.
Feb 6, 2014
Economic Development Administration:
Documentation of Award Selection Decisions Could Be ImprovedGAO-14-131: Published: Feb 6, 2014. Publicly Released: Feb 6, 2014.
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