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BI-RADS stands for 'breast imaging reporting and data system', and was established by the American College of Radiology. BIRADS is a scheme for putting the findings of mammograms, (for breast cancer diagnosis), into a small number of well-defined categories. Although BIRADS started out only for mammograms, it was later adapted for use with MRI and ultrasound as well.
BIRADS is something that benefits the radiologists who report mammograms (and MRI and US). It doesn't do anything directly useful for patients or for the doctors who referred a patient for breast imaging. What benefit do radiologists get?
The benefit to radiologists, is that it forces them to think about which category their findings will fit into, and when they assign each case into a category, then it becomes possible to calculate accuracy statistics. The accuracy statistics are generally calculated once a year, and they inform the radiologist about whether they are doing a good job, or not. This will re-assure the good radiologists to keep doing whatever they are doing, but for radiologists whose accuracy statistics aren't good, it lets them know that they ought to get more training.
BIRADS classification is not a formal requirement for most radiologists to use, but most do. Another benefit of BIRADS to radiologists, that has indirectly benefitted everyone else, is that the categorization scheme has helped to standardize the words used in mammographic reporting, and this has reduced the confusion and improved communication betweem radiologists, patients, and physicians.
BI-RADS classifcations have also helped in monitoring breast cancer treatment and supporting breast cancer research, again by making statistics easier to calculate.
A woman is usually normally not told of the BI-RADS assessment directly. However, if you do encounter these terms, it may be useful to know what they mean.
The BI-RADS assessment categories are:
0- incomplete,
1- negative,
2-benign findings,
3-probably benign,
4-suspicious abnormality,
5-highly suspicious of malignancy,
6-known biopsy with proven malignancy.
After the initial breast cancer screening, a follow-up or 'diagnostic' mammogram is often recommended when the BI-RADS category was 3 or higher. By a vast majority, most breast cancer screening mammograms are classified as either BI-RADS 1 or BI-RADS 2, and those categories don't imply any further worries.
Up to 9% of breast cancer screening mammograms will be given a BI-RADS category of 3, 4 or 5, which implies that something needs further concern. It turns out that BIRADS 3 is rarely used nowadays, because BIRADS 4 and 5 are categories that lead to biopsies, and biopsies give "definitive" answers, whereas BIRADS 3 often causes a 6-month follow-up mammogram, which leads to some "uncertainty" for everyone during those 6 months. Both radiologists and patients prefer fast answers rather than waiting 6 months.
If a mammogram is classified into the BI-RADS category 3, it tends to have a very low positive predictive value (less than 2%), meaning a low chance of cancer.
A BI-RADS category 4 mammogram has a positive predictive value of about 30%, and a category 5 mammogram are almost certainly predictive of breast cancer, with a positive predictive value of about 95%.
Category 0 means the Assessment is not completed yet, and additional workup is often recommended, such as spot compression , magnification, or ultrasound. Category 0 means that there was not enough information yet to finish the process. In real-life terms, if a screening mammogram shows something like a round nodule, and the radiologist thinks it might be a cyst (not cancer), the radiologist will ask for an Ultrasound, and assign a BIRADS 0 category to the mammogram. When the ultrasound result is available, and suppose it showed a benign cyst, then the ultrasound result "completes the BIRADS" and assigns a category 2 to the case, because a cyst is benign.
With category 1 the breast cancer screening mammogram shows no grouped or suspicious microcalcifications, no well-formed mass, a symmetrical glandular structure, and no change from any previous exam.
Category 2 is a definitely benign finding, and a routine screening. That is, something is found, but it is not breast cancer or malignant in any way.
BI-RADS category 2 findings often include:
The specs are benign microcalcifications | |
Here the calcium buildup is in layers, like sediment or leaves in a teacup. | |
Round, benign microcalcification. |
With BI-RADS category 3, a follow-up of 6 months is usually recommended. On the breast cancer screening mammogram there may be a finding of some kind, but the lesion is non-palpable. Findings typical of this category include:
In some scenerios a percutaneous biopsy might be considered,even with category 3. For example, extreme patient anxiety, or plans for pregnancy, plans for breast augmentation or reduction surgery, or if synchronous carcinoma is present.
These tiny specs are diffuse punctate microcalcifications. | |
This microcalcification is round but the edges are not sharply defined. It would be called 'indeterminate BI-RADS 3 and not BI-RADS 2, because of the poorly defined, fuzzy edge. |
The postive predictive value (the chance of having a real breast cancer) is very low for BI-RADS category 3 lesions, and it has actually decreased in recent years. With advances in research and experience, the PPV of a category 3 breast lesions in now considered less than 1%.
A BI-RADS category 4 mammogram is where the concern for breast cancer begins to increase. A biopsy should be recommended with BI-RADS category 4. Typically, a lesion has been found, but does not initially appear to have the morphological characteristics of breast cancer. BI-RADS category 4 is therefore often subdivided into there smaller sub-categories: "A" for low suspicion of malignancy, "B" for moderate suspicion, and "C" for high suspicion.
Findings typical of BI-RADS category 4 include:
The positive predictive value (the chance of a real cancer) of BI-RADS 4 mammograms, is thought to be in the order of 20-40%.
'powderish microcalcifications are suggestive of BI-RADS classification of 4. | |
These 'powderish' microcalcifications appear in large clusters. |
BI-RADS category 4 is now broken in to sub-categories A, B, and C. In terms of the positive predictive value for breast cancer, a category 4A mammogram is quite low at 13%, and category 4B also moderately low at about 36%. But when we see a mammogram classefied as 4C, the positive predictive value of breast cancer jumps up to around 79%.
The exact clinical significance of the subcategorizations of BI-RADS category 4 remains a bit vague. Generally speaking as we move further into categories A,B, and finally C, the chances of the breast lesion being diagnosed as DCIS increases. About 70% of BI-RADS category 4C breast lesions turn out to be ductal carcinoma in situ, while DCIS is found in category 4B lesions only about 21% of the time, and only 10% of the time with category 4A breast lesions. In terms of the frequency of the subcategories of BI-RADS 4, is may be suggested that category 4A is seen about 50% of the time, 4B about 38% of the time, and category 4C only about 13% of the time. The most common confirmed diagnostic finding in BI-RADS category 4, generally, is actually fibrocystic change, at about 28%. DCIS is confirmed about 23% of the time, with columnar cell change and fibroadenoma found in about 19% of cases.
A 5 BI-RADS category is assigned when there is a very high probability for breast cancer, and a biopsy should be taken immediately. Finding typical of category five include :
BI-RADS category 5 is usually reserved for lesions having a 95% probability of malignancy. After biopsy, the average rate of carcinoma in category 5 biopsies is about 75-97%.
Casting microcalcifications appear linear, fragmented, and branching. | |
In this image the casting microcalcifications are branched, and granular. |
Category 6 indicates a known cancer, proven by biopsy. This category is used when patients undergoing breast cancer treatment have follow-up mammograms. For a few years after cancer treatment, category 6 might still be used. Since everyone already knows there is, or was, a cancer, we can't use categories 0 thru 5 anymore, so category 6 is assigned. Category 6 isn't useful for accuracy statistics.
BI-RADS mammogram classifications are generalizations only, and tend to revolve around the presence and type of microcalcifications. Within the range of observations about the various types and patterns of breast tissue microcalcifications present, it may be suggested that course heterogenous microcalcifications are positively associated with breast cancer about 7% of the time, and amorphous microcalcifications about 13% of the time. Fine pleomorphic breast microcalcifications have a positive predictive value for breast cancer of about 30%, while fine linear microcalcifications are associated with confirmed breast cancer in over 50% of cases.
BI-RADS mammogram classifications are not intended as diagnostic tools, but only a means of standardizing communications and helping to indentify situations where follow-up is required, and the most appropriate type of follow-up. The fastest and most economical way to arrive at a positive or confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer is by core-biopsy.
Back to breast cancer screening list.
End of page Navigation links: Breast Cancer home or Back to top
Copyright © 1999 - present. Steven B. Halls, MD . 1-780-608-9141 . [email protected]


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What does COP mean in Farming & Agriculture?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand COP in the Miscellaneous field in general and in the Farming & Agriculture terminology in particular.
Crop Output Production
Find a translation for COP in other languages:
Select another language:
What does COP mean?
- bull, cop, copper, fuzz, pig(verb)
- uncomplimentary terms for a policeman
Discuss this COP abbreviation with the community:
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COP also stands for:
- Call Or Put warrant
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1 Bedroom
1A Bedroom | $725 | 1 Bathroom | 696 Sq. Ft. |
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The Haven in Kansas City, MO
Leave behind the everyday in South Kansas City and discover The Haven. Come see our beautiful One and Two Bedroom apartments available for rent at a great price. Located in Kansas City with easy highway access to 435 you can can enjoy all Kansas City has to offer. With a short commute you can be Downtown Kansas City or Overland Park, KS with in minutes. The Haven Apartments is a place where towering, 100-year-old trees, rolling hills and a clear blue stream beckon you. Stroll along ancient footpaths and explore a restored turn-of-the-century hunter's cabin as you take in all the charm of The Haven. Surrounding a park with acres of wooded picnic and recreational areas, The Haven's grace is unmatched.
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Additional Information
Apartments in Community: 388
Apartment Amenities
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Local Schools
- Burke Elementary School
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We believe school data to be accurate, but do not guarantee that. Please be sure to verify where your children will attend school before making your housing decision.
Pet Policy
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Mon. - Fri.9:00am-6:00pm Sat: 10am - 5pm Sunday ClosedSouth Kansas City apartments for rent. Gated apartment community. Washer dryer hookups. Pets allowed with some restrictions. One bedroom apartments Two bedroom apartments. We will be glad to be your apartment guide! Call for a tour.
From I-435, exit Bannister Road. Go west to Marion Drive. South on Marion Drive to Hickman Mills Drive. Continue one mile on Hickman Mills Drive to Madison Park entrance.
As you search for your perfect apartment, please keep in mind that rental rates (including specials and discounts) and availability are very fluid in the apartment industry. Based on many factors, the rental rates (including specials and discounts) and availability can actually change not just daily, but hourly, if not even more quickly. While our advertisers do take steps to keep their information current, the rental rates or availability you may find here now at ForRent.com may not be the same as when you contact the communities.
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text: Tracking in tempo reale ✈ Registro Tracking Volo ✈ SWA286 ✈ 17/apr/2013 ✈ KBNA - KDENRegistro Tracking Volo - Link correlatiOra e Fasce OrarieAll times are in EDT time to prevent confusion due to time zone crossing. See the SWA286 flight status page for this flight to view local times or setup timezone preferences in your user account. |


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'No concrete conversations' for Lashley vs. Fedor However, Fedor Emelianenk 's management team told USAToday that there may some wishful thinking on Lashley's part. Related MMA gear from the UG Store
Recent Comments »1/24/12 4:16 PM by chokeyouI'm a todd fan, but he has issues with pressure. There is no where on the planet less comfortable than a cage in Moscow with Fedor in it. 1/24/12 1:00 PM by Hendpwnedhopefully its not backwoods West virginia goat style. 1/24/12 12:13 PM by JoeyB513I've seen highlights, and most people bash him anyways, saying he isnt good a worse version of brock lesnar. Altho i wouldnt know exactly plus im making the prediction based off Fedor....i truely dont think lashley is ready for that fight. 1/24/12 11:15 AM by officedrone23Lashley has no chance, but I would be rooting for him all the way. 1/24/12 8:50 AM by sevenwithcheeseSo you haven't seen any of his 8 pro fights, but you're going to make a prediction anyway? Based on what? His skills in WWE? 1/24/12 8:48 AM by JoeyB513Does Lashley even stand a chance? not gonna lie i havent seen anything about him since he got fired by the WWE lol, I mean i know he'd be a good wrestler but does he have anything else? Imma go with Fedor via KO/TKO 1/24/12 8:44 AM by JustSayingDid you just compare being mounted by a BJJ black belt and an amature wrestler? Are you fucking kidding me you noob? Fedor, escaped EVERYONE who mounted except Big Foot who is a lefit Black Belt AND outweighed him by 80lb. Lashley will NOT have the same control from mount. He may cause problems if he gets Fedor in side mount, beside that, easy win for Fedor. 1/24/12 8:32 AM by Gnarls GnarlingtonWhat a sad fight for Fedor. He seems to not care about his competition at all. Very sad. 1/24/12 7:22 AM by MichaelMeyersOh there was a very good reason, you're fucking retarded. I will assume you think Duffee is worth more than he is because he was in the UFC and that somehow makes him magic. 1/24/12 5:29 AM by GMB13What insult are you refering to, noob perhaps? Are you not a noob? |


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All FurKidz
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FurKidz | Overview | |
missing pinscher ( / Lost & Found Dogs)brown long leg male pinscher missing, please help us find our baby... |
Riana ( / Dogs)This little girl is yearning for her own human to cuddle and love her. She is super sweet and needs ... |
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10 Steps to Pick the Right Doctor
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Entry applications for participants MUST be submited online by an CEA or AST. Online entry opens October 15, entries must be submitted by Dec. 1, Online Entry (click here)
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Calf Scramble donor photos can be downloaded for free. Click HERE to search now. Select "Calf Scramble" in Category 1, make sure Images is the only box selected, and click Search.
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VIEWS: 433 PAGES: 8 CATEGORY: Emerging Technologies POSTED ON: 8/13/2011
Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS ISSN 1947-5500) is an open access, international, peer-reviewed, scholarly journal with a focused aim of promoting and publishing original high quality research dealing with theoretical and scientific aspects in all disciplines of Computing and Information Security. The journal is published monthly, and articles are accepted for review on a continual basis. Papers that can provide both theoretical analysis, along with carefully designed computational experiments, are particularly welcome. IJCSIS editorial board consists of several internationally recognized experts and guest editors. Wide circulation is assured because libraries and individuals, worldwide, subscribe and reference to IJCSIS. The Journal has grown rapidly to its currently level of over 1,100 articles published and indexed; with distribution to librarians, universities, research centers, researchers in computing, and computer scientists. Other field coverage includes: security infrastructures, network security: Internet security, content protection, cryptography, steganography and formal methods in information security; multimedia systems, software, information systems, intelligent systems, web services, data mining, wireless communication, networking and technologies, innovation technology and management. (See monthly Call for Papers) Since 2009, IJCSIS is published using an open access publication model, meaning that all interested readers will be able to freely access the journal online without the need for a subscription. We wish to make IJCSIS a first-tier journal in Computer science field, with strong impact factor. On behalf of the Editorial Board and the IJCSIS members, we would like to express our gratitude to all authors and reviewers for their sustained support. The acceptance rate for this issue is 32%. I am confident that the readers of this journal will explore new avenues of research and academic excellence.
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 9, No. 7, 2011 2D Image Morphing With Wrapping Using Vector Quantization Based Colour Transition Face Image morphing Dr. H.B. Kekre Tanuja K. Sarode Suchitra M. Patil Senior Professor, Computer Asst.Professor, Lecturer, Engineering,MP'STME, Thadomal Shahani K.J.Somiaya College of SVKM'S NMIMS University, Engineering College, Engineering, Mumbai,India Mumbai, India Mumbai, India firstname.lastname@example.com email@example.com email@example.com Abstract— There is inherent lack of the motion in the same sizes the faces in these images need not be of same size. photographs and paintings so they convey limited information. Due to this there is misalignment in facial features like eyes Using image morphing, it is now possible to add 2D motion to still and mouth which add double exposure and ghosting effect in photographs by moving and blending image pixels in creative morphs generated during morphing process which spoils entire ways. Image morphing is an image processing technique which animation. Hence for effective image morphing wrap seamlessly transforms one image into another image. Color transition method used in morphing play an important role as it generation step is must. An effective image morphing is done decides the quality of the intermediate images generated by using following three steps [1]. controlling the color blending rate. By blending colors uniformly throughout the process of morphing good morph sequence is 1. Control points extraction generated. This morph sequence is balanced and contains earlier 2. Wrap generation morphs similar to source and last morphs similar to the target 3. Transition control image. In case of face image morphing if features are not aligned properly then double exposure is seen in the eyes and mouth The process of control point extraction defines the control region and this spoils entire morph sequence. In this paper new points or landmarks to be used for image wrapping for e.g. in image wrapping and vector quantization based color transition methods are proposed for 2D face image morphing. Wrapping face morphing the landmarks would be from eyebrows, eyes, aligns the facial features and aids in generating good morphs and nose, and mouth and face edges. This is a difficult process and color transition blends colors during morphing. in most of the cases is performed manually. Once these control points have been extracted from the two original images, the Keywords- image wrapping, colour transition, face images can be wrapped. normalization vector quantization, codebook interpolation. Image wrapping is defined as a method for deforming a I. INTRODUCTION digital image to different shapes [4]. This process transforms the images by moving the control point locations in one image Image morphing is commonly referred to as the animated to match the ones in another. Only one i.e. either source or transformation of one digital image to the other. It is a destination image is wrapped with respect to other image for powerful tool and has widespread use for achieving special face normalization. For wrapping both the source and target visual effect in the entertainment industry [1]. It is basically an images are made equal in size. image processing technique used for the metamorphosis from one image to another. The idea is to get a sequence of Once the pixels are in position the colour transition blends intermediate images which when put together with the original the colours of wrapped image with other one and hence images would represent the change from one image to the transforms one image into another [4]. In this method, the other. colour of each pixel is interpolated over time from the first image value to the corresponding second image value [6]. The process of image morphing is realized by coupling image wrapping with colour interpolation. Image wrapping II. RELATED WORK applies 2D geometric transformations on the images to retain geometric alignment between their features, while colour Before the development of image wrapping and morphing, interpolation blends their colour [1]. image transformations were generally achieved through the cross-dissolve of images, where one image is faded out and Image morphing can be done with or without wrapping. other image is faded in but this is not so effective in signifying Basically for image morphing both the input images are the actual metamorphosis [1]. The results of this are poor; required to be of same size. Even if the input images are of owing to the double-exposure and ghosting effect apparent in 75 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 9, No. 7, 2011 misaligned regions i.e. in face images generally it is most Proposed face image morphing here is defined as given prominent in the eyes and the mouth regions. two input two face images, progressively transform one image into the other as smoothly and as fast as possible. Three steps Over the past few years many image morphing techniques used here are described below. have been proposed. Effectiveness of the image morphing lies in the feature point selections and wrap generation. One of the A. Control points selection techniques used in wrap generations is triangles based interpolation. In this based on the control points the image is First step is to select the control points or features. This is tedious, time consuming but the most important step in dissected into triangles and then each triangle is interpolated morphing. In most of the cases selection of control points is independently [2]. While using this method formation of done manually. Also the selection of the control points is problematic thin triangles can be avoided using Delaunay directly related to the quality of the morphs generated hence triangulation [3]. has to be done carefully. Morphing human faces with automatic control point's Total 32 control points are used here for morphing. All selection and color transition [4] discuses use of combination these control point are selected from most sensitive parts of of a face detection neural network [5], edge detection and face like nose, eyes and mouth. Nine major Control points smoothing filters. A triangulation method is used as the wrap used here are centre of left eye, centre of right eye, tip of nose, algorithm [6] while a method based on the one dimensional both corners of mouth and all other points as shown in Fig. 1, Gaussian function is applied in color transition control or are selected manually. blending of wrapped images. For face normalization four major control point's ling on A prototypical Automatic Facial Image Manipulation the rectangular window covering the face in image are system (AFIM) for face morphing and shape normalization selected. Remaining control points locations is decided based (wraping) is proposed in [6]. In this AFIM system, the feature on the major control points and are shown in Fig 2. Control points are extracted automatically by using active shape model points selection is done for both source and target images. (ASM) [7] or extracted manually. Image wrapping is done using mesh wrapping [8]. And then blending of the wrapped image with other input image is based on cross dissolve. Field morphing proposed by Beier and Nelly [9] is based on control lines in the source and destination images. The correspondence between the lines in the both the images defines the coordinate mapping. Also two pass mesh wrapping [1] followed by cross- dissolve generates quality morphs. Image morphing based on the pixel transformation is Figure 1. Location of nine major Control points and image partitioning based proposed in [10] and is mainly for blending two images on it without wrapping. In this pixel based morphing is achieved by the replacement of pixels values followed by a simple neighboring operation. This method is restricted for the gray scale (Portable Gray Map or PGM) images only. III. PROPOSED ALGORITHMS Simplest way to morph images is to cross dissolve the two images. This is not so effective as is gives an effect of fading out the source image and fading in destination image. Also the Figure 2. Image partitioned into 17 triangles and other 32 Control points double exposure effect is visible in significant regions in location image, for example in face image morphing it is visible in eyes B. Wrap generation and mouth region [1]. Based on 32 control points source and target images are Image morphing applications are everywhere. Hollywood partitioned into 17 rectangles as shown in Fig 2. Then film makers use novel morphing technologies to generate rectangle to rectangle mapping from source and target images special effects, Disney uses morphing to speed up the is performed. And finally by computing scale factor down or production of cartoons and art and medical image processing up scaling of each rectangle in source image with respect to also use morphing. Among so many image morphing the corresponding rectangle in the target image is performed applications, face morphing is the popular one. 76 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 9, No. 7, 2011 using nearest neighbour interpolation and wrap of source the training set. In Fig. 3 two vectors v1 & v2 are generated by image is generated. adding constant error to the code vector. Euclidean distances of all the training vectors are computed with vectors v1 & v2 Face normalization with scaling makes faces in both source and two clusters are formed based on nearest of v1 or v2. and target image of same size and helps to align the features of Procedure is repeated for these two clusters to generate four source image according to the target image. new clusters. This procedure is repeated for every new cluster until the required size of codebook is reached [14]. C. Colour transition The colour transition method used in image morphing decides the quality of the intermediate images generated by controlling the colour blending rate. And this rate depends on weight used by colour transition method. If the colour blending is done uniformly throughout the morphing process, good morph sequence is generated. Morph sequence has earlier morphs similar to source and last morphs similar to the target image. The middle image in the entire morph sequence is neither source nor the target image. Hence the quality of Figure 3. LBG for 2 dimensional cases morphs depends on the quality of middle images. If it look good then entire sequence looks good. 2) Kekre's Proportionate Error algorithm (KPE): Generally pixel based colour transition like cross dissolve In this algorithm a proportionate error is added to the [1] [12], averaging pixels [13] and by merging difference centroid to generate two vectors v1 & v2 [14]. The error ratio between colour of source and target pixels [12] [13] is done. In is decided by magnitude of coordinates of the centroid. First this paper totally new colour transition methods based on minimum element in centroid is obtained and then centroid is vector quantization are implemented and discussed. divided throughout by this minimum and error vector is obtained and instead of constant error now this error vector is Vector Quantization (VQ) techniques employ the process added and subtracted from centroid to form cluster. Rest all of clustering. Vector Quantization derives a set (codebook) of procedure is same as that of LBG. In this algorithm while reference or prototype vectors (code words) from a data set. In adding proportionate error a safe guard is introduced so that this manner each element of the data set is represented by only neither v1 nor v2 go beyond the training vector space. This one codeword. Various VQ algorithms differ from one another overcomes the disadvantage of the LBG of inefficient on the basis of the approach employed for cluster formations. clustering. After the codebooks of desired size are generated for both VQ is a technique in which a codebook is generated for input images are generated, these codebooks are interpolated each image. A codebook is a representation of the entire image based on difference between them and then intermediate containing a definite pixel pattern [14] which is computed image frames as source codebook reaches to target codebook according to a specific VQ algorithm. The image is divided are generated by reconstructing the interpolated codebook. into fixed sized blocks [14] that form the training vector. The Algorithm for codebook interpolation is given below. generation of the training vector is the first step to cluster formation. Vector Quantization VQ can be defined as a Codebook interpolation algorithm: mapping function that maps k-dimensional vector space to a 1. For every training vector in the training set of source finite set CB = {C1, C2, C3, ..…. , CN}. The set CB is called and target images find the closest code vector from codebook consisting of N number of code vectors and each corresponding codebooks. code vector Ci = {ci1, ci2, ci3,……, cik} is of dimension k. 2. Save indices of source and target code vector's The key to VQ is the good codebook. Codebook can be obtained in different arrays. generated in by clustering algorithms [14]-[16]. Using this 3. For each index in two arrays obtained in step 2 get codebook original image can be reconstructed with some code vectors form source codebook and target imperceptible colour loss. codebook. 4. Compute difference in these code vectors and divide Two different algorithms to generate codebooks are given it by number of intermediate frames. below. 5. In every iteration to generate intermediate images add 1) Linde – Buzo – Gray algorithm (LBG): this difference vector from step 4 to source codebook. For the purpose of explaining this algorithm, two 6. Reconstruct image using this codebook and display it dimensional vector space as shown in Fig.3 is considered. In as new intermediate frame. this figure each point represents two consecutive pixels. In this IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS algorithm centroid is computed as the first code vector C1 for 77 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 9, No. 7, 2011 Implementation of all these algorithms is done in MATLAB 7.0 using a computer with Intel Core2 Duo Processor T4400 (2.20 GHZ) and 2GB RAM. The algorithms are tested on the face images of humans and animals. For both LBG and KPE Codebook size is 512. For face image morphing without wrapping number of intermediate frames used are 5 and with wrapping number of intermediate frames is 11. As stated before double exposure and ghosting effect is seen prominently when morphing is done without wrapping. One such example of morphing one lady's face with other lady's face where number of intermediate frames is 5 is shown in Fig. 4. So to eliminate these unwanted effects wrapping is introduced here. (a) (g) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Figure. 4 Result of face image morphing without wrapping using KPE based color transition, (a) original source, (b)-(f) intermediate images and (g) original target. Figure. 5 Examples of wrapped source images (middle column) with respect to target, source images (first column), target images(third column) Some of the results of wrapping source image with Second, forth and fifth cases are selected to show result of face reference to target image are given below in Fig. 5. Fig. 5 image moprhing with wrapping and colour transition is done shows six different cases of wrpping where in first case a lady's small face is wrapped with respect to the man's big face using LBG and KPE and shown below. and made large. In second case cat's face is wrapped and made equal to child's face. In third case man's big face is made Fig. 6 and Fig. 9 shows the results of morphing cat's face with child's face using LBG and KPE based color transition. small so as to match lady's small face. In fourth case two ladies faces are normalized. In fifth case cat's big face is made Fig. 7 and Fig.10 shows the result of morphing two ladies small to suit face of dog and in last case a lady's face is wrapped and normalized to match cat's face. In all these case faces using LBG and KPE based color transition. eyes, mouth and nose like facial features of source image are aligned with respect to the target image. Fig. 8 and Fig.11 shows the result of morphing two animal faces using LBG and KPE based color transition. 78 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 9, No. 7, 2011 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) (o) (p) Figure. 6 Result of morphing cat face with child face using LBG color transition (a) original source,(b) wrapped source,(c) reconstructed wrapped source, (d) to (n) intermediate 11 morphs, (o) reconstructed original target and (p) original target image (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) (o) (p) Figure. 7 Result of morphing one lady's face with other lady's face using LBG color transition (a) original source, (b) wrapped source,(c) reconstructed wrapped source, (d) to (n) intermediate 11 morphs, (o) reconstructed original target and (p) original target image (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) 79 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 9, No. 7, 2011 (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) (o) (p) Figure. 8 Result of morphing cat's face with other dog's face using LBG color transition (a) original source, (b) wrapped source,(c) reconstructed wrapped source, (d) to (n) intermediate 11 morphs, (o) reconstructed original target and (p) original target image (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) (o) (p) Figure. 9 Result of morphing cat face with child face using KPE color transition (a) original source,(b) wrapped source,(c) reconstructed wrapped source, (d) to (n) intermediate 11 morphs, (o) reconstructed original target and (p) original target image (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) 80 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 9, No. 7, 2011 (m) (n) (o) (p) Figure. 10 Result of morphing one lady's face with other lady's face using KPE color transition (a) original source, (b) wrapped source,(c) reconstructed wrapped source, (d) to (n) intermediate 11 morphs, (o) reconstructed original target and (p) original target image (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) (n) (o) (p) Figure. 11 Result of morphing cat's face with other dog's face using KPE color transition (a) original source, (b) wrapped source,(c) reconstructed wrapped source, (d) to (n) intermediate 11 morphs, (o) reconstructed original target and (p) original target image Vector quantization is a lossy image processing technique. V. CONCLUSIONS Table I. gives the root mean squared error (RMSE) values computed between the last frame generated by the proposed 2D face image morphing with wrap generation using algorithms and the original target image. And from Table I it nearest neighbor interpolation scaling and new color transition is clear that KPE reconstructs the image in better manner than methods based on vector quantization are proposed in this the LBG so the transformation process looks good as natural paper. If morphing is done without wrap generation then and better morphs are generated. There is little loss in color of generally misalignment is seen in eyes and mouth region in the image during reconstruction but that error is imperceptible as face images, which spoils the quality of morphs and entire in the animation of the transformation process it is not noticed. animation as shown in Fig. 4. TABLE I. Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) computed using last frame Wrap generation aligns these facial features and makes generated and the original target animation seamless by generating natural morphs by Source Image Target Image LBG KPE eliminating ghosting and double exposure effect. Vector supri.bmp mb.jpg 7.55 6.92 quantization based color transition approach is implemented 14.98 12.22 successfully here and among the two VQ based techniques cat1.jpg sagar.jpg implemented i.e. LBG and KPE, KPE produces visually good mb.jpg grishma.bmp 10.05 8.05 morphs as compare to LBG. grishma.bmp supri.bmp 9.44 7.37 cat1.jpg p3.jpg 10.90 9.30 such.bmp cat1.jpg 8.96 7.69 81 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500 (IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Vol. 9, No. 7, 2011 REFERENCES AUTHORS PROFILE [1] G. Wolberg, "Recent Advances in Image Morphing", Proc. of the Dr. H. B. Kekre has received B.E. (Hons.) in Telecomm. Engg. from Computer Graphics International Korea, 1996. Jabalpur University in 1958, M.Tech (Industrial Electronics) from IIT Bombay in 1960, [2] A. Goshtasby, "Piecewise linear mapping functions for image M.S.Engg. (Electrical Engg.) from University of registration" Pattern Recognition, Vol. 19(6): pp. 459 466,1986. Ottawa in 1965 and Ph.D. (System Identification) [3] M. Berg, M. Kreveld, M. Overmars and O. Schwarzkorf, "Computation from IIT Bombay in 1970. He has worked geometry- Algorithms and Applications", Springer, 1997. Over 35 years as Faculty of Electrical [4] Stephen Karungaru, Minoru Fukumi and Norio Akamatsu, "Automatic Engineering and then HOD Computer Science Human Faces Morphing Using Genetic Algorithms Based Control Points and Engg. at IIT Bombay. For last 13 years Selection" International Journal of Innovative Computing, Information worked as a Professor in Department of and Control vol.3, no. 2, pp. 247 - 256, 2007. Computer Engg. at Thadomal Shahani Engineering College, Mumbai. He is [5] S. Karungaru, M. Fukumi and N. Akamatsu, "Detection of human face currently Senior Professor working with Mukesh Patel School of Technology in visual scenes." Proc of ANZIIS, pp.165-170, 2001. Management and Engineering, SVKM's NMIMS University, Vile Parle(w), [6] Takuma Terada, Takayuki Fukui, Takanori Igarashi, "Automatic Facial Mumbai, INDIA. He has guided 17 Ph.D.s, 150 M.E./M.Tech Projects and Image Manipulation system and Facial Texture Analysis", Fifth several B.E./B.Tech Projects. His areas of interest are Digital Signal international Conference on Natural Computation, ICNC, vol.6, pp. 8 - processing, Image Processing and Computer Networks. He has more than 300 12, 2009. papers in National / International Conferences / Journals to his credit. Recently eleven students working under his guidance have received best paper [7] M. Young, The Technical Writer's Handbook. Mill Valley, CA: awards. Two of his students have been awarded Ph. D. of NMIMS University. University Science, 1989. Currently he is guiding ten Ph.D. students. [8] T.F. Cootes, C.J. Taylor, "Statistical Models for Appearance for ComputerVision", http://www.isbe.man.ac.uk/~bim/refs.html, 2004. [9] M.B. Stegmann, "Active Appearance Model", MasterThesis, Technical Dr. Tanuja K. Sarode has received M.E. (Computer Engineering) degree University of Denmark, 2000. from Mumbai University in 2004, Ph.D. from [10] Beier, T. and S. Nelly, Feature-based image metamorphosis, Proc. of the Mukesh Patel School of Technology, Management SIGGRAPH, pp.35-42, 1992. and Engg., SVKM's NMIMS University, Vile- Parle (W), Mumbai, INDIA. She has more than 11 [11] Rahman M.T., Al-Amin M.A., Bin Bakkre J., Chowdhury A.R., Bhuiyan years of experience in teaching. Currently working M.A.-A., "A Novel Approach of Image Morphing Based on Pixel as Assistant Professor in Dept. of Computer Transformation",10th international conference on Computer and Engineering at Thadomal Shahani Engineering Information Technology, iccit, pp.1 – 5, 2007. College, Mumbai. She is member of International [12] H.B. Kekre, T. S. Sarode, S.M. Patil ," A Novel Pixel Based Color Association of Engineers (IAENG) and Transition Method for 2D Image Morphing" International conference International Association of Computer Science and Information Technology and workshop on emerging trends in technology, ICWET 2011, vol. 1, (IACSIT). Her areas of interest are Image Processing, Signal Processing and pp 357- 362, 2011. Computer Graphics. She has 75 papers in National /International [13] H B Kekre, Tanuja Sarode and Suchitra M Patil. "2D Image Morphing Conferences/journal to her credit. using Pixels based Color Transition Methods". IJCA Proceedings on International Conference and workshop on Emerging Trends in Technology (ICWET) (4):6-13, 2011. Published by Foundation of Ms. Suchitra M. Patil has received B.E. ( Computer Science and Engineering Computer Science. ) degree from Visveshwaraiah Technological [14] Dr. H. B. Kekre, Tanuja K. Sarode, "New Clustering Algorithm for University, Belgaum in 2004. She is working as Vector Quantization using Rotation of Error Vector", (IJCSIS) lecturer in K. J. Somaiya College of Engineering, International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, Mumbai and has teaching experience of more than vol. 7, no. 3, 2010. 4 years. She is currently pursuing M. E. from [15] Kekre H.B., Sarode T.K., "An Efficient Fast Algorithm to Generate Thadomal Shahani Engineering College, Mumbai. Codebook for Vector Quantization",First international conference on Her areas of interest are Image processing, Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology, pp. 62-67, ICETET, Database Systems and Web Engineering. 2008. [16] Dr. H. B. Kekre, Tanuja K. Sarode, "Two-level Vector Quantization Method for Codebook Generation using Kekre's Proportionate Error Algorithm", International Journal of Image Processing, vol. 4, issue 1. 82 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/ ISSN 1947-5500


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The worst hotel I ever stayed in - checking in, there was this lady at the front desk just screaming away at her staff, she's either the boss or the manager. No system and they don't understand their own reservations - rooms, dirty, shower head too low, water dripping from ceiling , bed rolling all over , mini fridge looked... More
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Merle Haggard, Country Icon, Performs Classic Songs and New Favorites
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view more less of this reviewWe had a great time. Merle Haggard of course is Merle Haggard, so that was great. Sometimes the sound was not so good though and hard to understand. Also, abrupt ending to concert. We couldn't understand what they were saying, so wasn't sure if he was going to do another set or he was done. Turns out after an hour, he was done!!! Could have used an encore or a few more songs.
star this review starred report as inappropriateThe show was ok, it felt like a well rehearsed routine that has been executed hundreds of times before. Everybody on stage appeared to be just going through the motions, there was very little enthusiasm or excitement. Nobody lived "for the...continued
star this review starred report as inappropriateDue to the seat changes from the Front Orchestra to the Mezzanine was awful to say the least. One could barely hear him and the seats were so close to one another that there was no where to put one's knees (I am only 5/5") and it was the pits!!!!...continued


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Welcome to the homepage of the Geometry and Quantum Theory (GQT) cluster.
GQT is a national Dutch mathematical research cluster funded by the Dutch Research Council NWO and the Universities of Amsterdam, Utrecht and Nijmegen.
We are currently witnessing a new episode of close contact at the frontiers of pure mathematics and fundamental physics, in which the autonomous development of geometry as a branch of pure mathematics is enriched by a remarkable flow of ideas from fundamental physics, notably quantum theory. The cluster supports research at the interface between mathematics and theoretical physics. An important secondary effect of the cluster will undoubtedly be the enhancement of the opposite flow as well. The present proposal focuses on the interplay between geometry, including algebraic, symplectic, and noncommutative geometry, and quantum theory, incorporating quantum field theory, string theory, and quantization.
EventsMarch 12th - Mini-Workshop on Symplectic Geometry, Universiteit Utrecht |
NewsJanuary 20th - Several Ph.D. and PostDoc positions on the Vici project of Marius Crainic November 17th - Assistant professor in algebra, geometry and mathematical physics at the University of Amsterdam October 2nd - Assistant/Associate Professor of Algebra and Topology (Tenure Track) (1,0 fte) September 23rd - Ph.D. position at VU, Amsterdam July 16th - Second call for the EPFL Fellows postdoctoral fellowship programme 2014 June 22nd - PhD positions University of Amsterdam |
Seminars (No URL available yet) GA+GA seminar Geometry and Mathematical Physics String Seminar |


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The Digital Skeptic: Microsoft and Dell: It's the Quality, Stupid
Microsoft as a hardware snob
If you have not reimagined Microsoft as a hardware company, it's time to get with the times, friends.
"It is absolutely clear that there is an innovation opportunity on the scene between hardware and software," Ballmer said at a high-profile Churchill Club event in San Francisco late last year. "And that is a scene must not go unexploited at all by Microsoft."
Ballmer is clearly not talking up the Xbox or the Kinect here. Computer hardware is what makes news in Redmond now -- specifically the Surface line of portable PCs. And after several months of tinkering with Windows 8 PCs, clearly there are durability challenges ahead for the wider PC industry.
For example, the Sony Vaio Duo 11 Ultrabook ($1,200) showed up in my shop about a month ago. I've touched dozens of similar units, and I felt this one was a solid example of a multiple-purpose touch PC.
For the record, once you get past the brain-lock moments with Windows 8 -- like finding the #%@$#%* Start Menu -- the Duo 11 is an impressive portable device for business and personal use. The keyboard is reasonably spacious. The screen and display are bright. I liked the convertible pop-up and pop-down screen mode. And I was impressed with add-ons such as media cards and screen adapters. There is even a nice touch-enabled pen for drawing and sketching on the touch tablet. All well and good. Ray Hartjen, senior manager of public relations at Sony, told me this generation of computers is among the best-engineered and best-tested units the company has ever made. But given all the cool features that took down the older PCs in my office -- ones that are not nearly as complex as the Duo 11 -- it was hard not to connect the dots here. Durability of all those slick new marvelously complex Windows 8 PCs will be the potential bullet in the dark looming for Windows 8. Because you can't run cool software on a computer that does not run. MicroHardAnd suddenly, Microsoft getting control over hardware maker Dell makes sense. By digging deep into manufacturing, Microsoft extends its reach as a hardware maker and establishes a quality bar other PC makers must respect. Let's not forget, Microsoft is just another information age company slinging a information-based product that ain't worth as much as it once was. Late last month, Microsoft rolled out a subscription-based riff on Microsoft Office in which a mere $99 gets you five (count 'em) computers' worth of code for a year -- just $20 per PC. That works out to a 20-year payback over the $399 you can end up paying for a single, traditional installed license. That all makes getting in bed with Dell the biggest move this company has made since Windows 95. I've said it before and I will say it again: The sooner this operation is branded as "MicroHard" or "HardroSoft" the better.
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I am an Art Director and photographer who loves to get outside and embrace life. Whenever possible I am outside either biking, hiking or taking photos. I look forward to meeting others who enjoy having fun. —Susan France
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418 Tasting Notes
Pansy's are one of my favourite flowers so I was intrigued by this tea. After looking it up online I was surprised by its extensive history as a herbal medicinal, especially as a expectorant, a diuretic, and an anti-inflamatory agent used both internally and externally. As a child my mother worked for a rather famous, German trained Naturopath and she also would take me along to seminars and courses on medicinal plants so I thought I would be exposed to the medicinal uses of this plant before.
I am feeling the beginnings of a chest cold coming on so I thought why not try it. I love Ginger tea when I'm sick but it's nice to have options!
Pansy tisanes may include just the flower or the flower or the whole plant. This tisane did not specify what it contained. The Tisane brews up to a nice rich yellow. It smells sweet, spicy, herbal, and slightly woody, with hints of ginseng. Tasting it brings back memories of some of the chinese herbal medicinal teas I had whenliving near Dublin. It is sweet, slightly floral, with almost a taste of honey and grape, with slightly bitter woody, spicy, vegetal notes underneath. It seems to work I can feel it loosening in my chest.
**As with many herbal medecines it's medicinal efficacy has not been studied or verified. It has been used historically to treat some cardiac ailments so consult your doctor before using.
This is quite a nice tea from which you can draw a lot of complex intricate flavours, over multiple steeps, from a small amount of leaf. Of my two Silver Needles that I own at the moment this is the one that I go to want something softer, and maybe more meditative. The other one I own is Zen Tea's offering.
Dry, the tea smells of straw and hay mixed together with soft and slightly powdery, sweet and citrusy notes. The leaves are pale yellow to pale green with fine silvery downy pale hairs. The leaves are around one inch long.
The first steep of around 50 seconds resulted in pale beige with a grey tinged tea. it smelled faintly of buttered rice both slightly nutty and creamy, of faint citrus notes, of notes of straw and grain, and of a touch of smoke. It tasted sweet, with a smoky note, a hint of citrus/vitamin C and of straw, all underlain with a silky sweet note that hinted of a mildly flavoured bready fruit and a taste that reminds me of Choclo ( a corn staple in many countries in Latin America). The tea has a noticeable full and silky body. The sweet flavour intensify as it cools.
The 2nd steep had a scent that hints of citrus, with nutty sweet grains, and a faint combined floral/vegetal note like blooming alfalfa mixed with a note of jasmine. The smoke was gone leaving a hint of amber. It tasted of citrus notes, combined with wildflowers nectar (clover and someting spicier), with the straw receeding to the background. The tea remained sweet, but in a cooked fuit / squash or grain type of sweetness. Their was a faint taste of smoke. The aftertaste was mainly a mix of sweet, citrus and vegetal notes.
The 3rd steep was a silky straw, and grain flavour, followed by sweet floral nectar/citrus flavour with an aftertaste of stewed mild flavoured plums with a lingering sweetness.
In the 4th steep the sweet nectar references were more dominant with citrus, straw accents in the background
The remaining steeps required an increase in brewing temperature and maintained a sliky, warm sweetness over straw flavour.
I have steeped this tea up to 10 times before and it is a nice tea when you have some time to explore subtle nuances in flavour and scent. A nice example of this genre of tea. but I am going to hold off rating at this time until I have an opportunity to compare it to Zen Teas option.
I'm not a huge fan of coconut but I do really like this tea. The dry leaves are long, deep green, and very fresh looking. They are covered with a generous scattering of small flakes of coconut that are absorbing the colour of the sencha. The tea smells strongly of fresh coconut.
The brewed tea smells of a less sweet version of coconut squares, both sweet and of cooked fresh coconut. It brews to a deep yellow. The first flavour notes are a top note of nutty coconut meat, followed by a sweetness that hints of marzipan.
The Tea base is at first silky, with a flavour that adds to the teas sweetness and which is followed by a refreshing aftertaste and a tingling on the tongue. The flavour of the tea blends with the
coconut leaving just a hint of something savory and vegetal. This tea has a strong sweet coconut flavour.
During the second steep the coconut flavour is unchanged and present but the sweet green tea base is more present and softens the coconut and there is a faint bitterness and a hint of fresh green leafy vegetables. This tea holds up to around 5 steeps if one is careful with steeping time and brewing temperature.
This is a great tea for those who enjoy coconut and who value a well presented simplicity in there blends.
When I first bought this tea the box was labelled as blueberry tea. Ironically, it didn't contain any blueberries but only the closely related billberries so I am glad they changed the name. To be honest the first thing I taste here is the elderberry, which has been sweetened by the other ingredients. The tea is not overly tart, but does have enough tartness to suggest a slightly sour fruit. As you continue to sip the flavours do mix and I can see why they used to call it blueberry. It is not exact but it is close to the flavour of blueberry juice. Does anyone know what billberries taste like? Anyways this is a pleasant fruit tea, and makes a nice caffeine free option.
This is a pleasant warming cup and I totally get the warm rum notes. I get the taste of butter but not really the creamy feel of it. It smells and tastes like rum flavoured toffee. My only complaint is the tea underneath it seems to be kind of thin without much depth of flavour, but that could just be because I've had it in the cupboard for a while.
This tea is a very nice Ceylon blend. It has a rich flavour, and resteeps well retaining a full flavour for at least three resteeps. I quite enjoyed it.
The dry leaves are small to medium full leaves with some silver buds. It smells of sweet potatoe and orange, with a note of burnt sugar.
It tastes of burnt sugar, a hint of blackberry and orange, with a hint of vegetal. It is slightly flowery almost like a note of rose. The tea company suggests that this should taste of plum. My first steep was longer than I normally use and perhaps I would have found this note if I had shortened the steep.
It brews to colour of mahogany, with a medium body and little to no astringency and a hint of bitterness. There is an aftertaste of homemade brown sugar pull toffee. It leaves me with a feeling of calm wakefulness and is very smooth.
The 2nd steep similar flavour wuth citrus notes coming more forward and a burnt sugar flavour present with sweet potatoe. The 3rd steep has sweet potatoe, vegetal notes, and indistinct fruit notes. It has a sweet, lightly tangy aftertaste like having eaten ripe berries.
A nice tea to drink all day.
When I smell this tea brewed it always reminds me of two things, cherry soda crossed with cream soda, and babysoft perfume.
Having said that it is a really nice tea for those who enjoy floral cherry senchas and like all of the Zen Tea green teas I have had it comes to you incredible fresh tasting. I like that for this tea I was provided with harvest dates and provenance.
The dry leaf was quite pretty a bright rich green sencha scattered with rose petals. The dry leaf smelled about the same as the brewed but the brewed tea does smell sweeter.
The sencha underneath the tea is quite sweet, with little to no astringency. The tea has a medium body, and has a sense of thickness and creaminess in the mouth.
A sweet cherry flavour is prominent followed by a clean green flavour which is very slightly grassy, followed by a spicy floral taste from the rose, The rose doesn't seem to be adding the bitterness I find it can add at some times. All of these flavours are neatly distinguishable from eah other and as it cools the tea base comes more to the fore front.
This tea resteeps well. I have resteeped it up to 5 times before and it keeps a consistent flavour for the first three steepings, at least, before it starts to change.
I don't find that it tastes medicinal like some people report with cherry teas if anything the rose can make it taste a little powdery but the cherry is sweet enough that I dont feel like I am tasting perfume. It leaves an aftertaste like the one I get after eating black cherries. This is a nice example of this classic flavour.


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Ideas for a vegetarian mealplan?
(15 Posts)chickpea curry is devine
Oh these all sound delicious! I like the sound of the chickpea curry Remus - maybe I'll present DP with it and offer him the choice of that and bacon and see how fussy he is then Thanks all for the help - I will get cracking on with forming a kind of plan!
Butternut squash and paneer curry
Grilled Aubrrgine and halloumi wraps
puy lentils with feta, red onion, and vinaigrette
This week I'm making garlic mushroom spaghetti (not tried before!), green lentil moussaka and perhaps a meatless lasagne!
I also like tomato-creme fraiche-basil spaghetti with garlic bread, easy peasy!
Ooh what about little feta and courgette fritters? Dead easy to make and cost v little if you use Basics feta.
Ah missed that bit! it is lovely though.
Remus - they don't eat chickpeas!
Tacos - we roast chunks of sweet potato; meanwhile fry up onion, peppers, paprika, chili, a teaspoon cocoa, a spoon of chipotle paste and/or barbecue sauce; add a tub of passata and a couple of tins drained mixed beans, s&p, stir in the roasted sweet potatoes. use to stuff tacos, with lettuce and shredded carrot, plus salsa and cheese and soured cream if wished.
Chickpea and spinach curry - dead easy if you don't mind using a paste.
Can be ready in 20 mins then eaten with yoghurt, salad and (bought) chapatis.
Also, I often make large bowls of salad and keep in the fridge for emergency tea or packed lunches. Things like puy lentil, avocado and spring onion, or mixed bean salad. I usually boil a pack of soy beans and sugar snap peas and add aduki beans and butter beans, finely chopped red onion and oil and seasoning. Or a tabbouleh made with bulgar wheat, cucumber, celery and mint.
A couple of those with a veggie burger from the freezer.....takes 10 mins!
Stir fry veg with tofu and a spicey sauce. Vegetable curry & rice. Sundried tomarto & vegetable sauce with tagliatelle. Grilled hallumi cheese instead of goats cheese (I think they are different?) with flat mushrooms. Lenti Dahl curry. Pasta or rice salads. Vegetable pizza & new potatoes with salad.
Easy puff pastry tart. Buy ready rolled puff pastry, smear with sundried tomato paste or similar and scatter with cut tomatoes and basil, maybe cheese too. Serve with salad.
Veggie curry and chapati
Roasted veg with veggie burgers
Baked potatoes, salad and a filling
Cous cous and veg tagine.
Might think of some more later!
We have sweet potato with home made homous and a big green salad with tom and beetroot.
Mushroom omelette is a quick night meal with salad and bread and butter.
Pesto and pasta with sweetcorn and green beans and a tomato and cucumber salad
cauliflower curry with rice and pitta bread try this one
We are very happy with hugh fw's veg every day, there's a great chilli recipe for example, loads of interesting ideas, even the stuff i don't fancy that dp then makes has been tasty.
Not really meal planned as such for this week, because it's too warm for 'proper' cooking but so far we've got:
Today - qaesadillas stuffed with cheese, red onion, spinach and chipotle paste to be eaten with homemade guacamole, mango salsa, soured cream and salad
Tomorrow - omelettes and salad with nice bread
Tuesday - baguettes with veggie sausages and balsamic onions, plus more salad
That's about as far ahead as I've thought tbh.
When it's just dp and I we quite often have something mushroomy because the dds don't like them, so mushroom stroganoff and rice, mushroom pasta, mushroom omelettes, creamy garlic mushrooms on toast with salad etc.
Dhal is easy and cheap to make, and delicious if you spice it up a lot. With rice and a cucumber and onion salad it's lovely but costs v little if you have spices in already.
Bake sweet potatoes in their skins. Mix chopped red onion, chopped red pepper, tomatoes and/or mango and/or avocado, coriander, red chilli and lime juice. Split the potatoes and fill with the salsa and a dolop of soured cream - gorgeous and pretty healthy.
DP is veggie. I am not, but I should eat less meat. At the moment we've slipped into really bad habits of making things like cheese on toast, or buying a bunch of ready meals and just eating those and we really need to get back into cooking proper food. We basically eat like students and it's not healthy or financially smart any more. It's just the two of us to cook for.
I don't like goats cheese and try to avoid quorn because it doesn't really agree with me, and DP doesn't like chick peas, but otherwise pretty much anything goes. So far I have:
Vegetarian chill (with beans, no quorn)
Thai green curry
'Green' risotto (with peas, spinach and mushrooms)
That's it I can do decent spinach and ricotta lasagne but we are bored to death of it so I've left it off.
Anything suggestions for other (ideally simple and not expensive) vegetarian meals?
Or would anyone mind sharing their meal plan? Doesn't matter if it's got quorn in it and things, any inspiration would be gratefully received!
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