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"The harder you work, the luckier you get." by Gary Player
Below is the poem entitled The Blood of Time which was written by poet Danton Wolfe. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by Danton Wolfe
Best Danton Wolfe Poems
My curse flys with the vulture who has never learned to die My blood runs in the water that reflects the bleeding sky My soul hides in the shadows that dance with fire Forever Forever leaving footprints in the sand that lead to the moon Or Armageddon Footprints of fatigue putrid with deception or fleeting hope... proud in the exhausted moonlight


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Bonne Bay Marine Station is available for conferences and workshops any time of year. While spring and summer may be the most popular time of year to visit Gros Morne, fall and winter are still stunning and also a great time to organize a retreat or weekend workshop. The Bonne Bay Marine station has a 60-person lecture theatre, library/meeting room, residence and full kitchen. Facility rental is $110.00/day for external and Memorial University affiliated groups. Accommodation is available in our residence and self-catered or fully catered options are available at very reasonable rates. We can help you plan your workshop/conference and are happy to help facilitate the process with conference services in St. John's and Grenfell Campus.
Please contact Allison Eaton firstname.lastname@example.com for more details. Shake off those winter blues and plan your next workshop in beautiful Bonne Bay.
Bonne Bay Marine Station PO Box 69 Norris Point, NL A0K 3V0 Canada
Dr. Robert Scott, Director email@example.com
Allison Eaton, Manager email@example.com
Front Desk (May-Sept.): (709) 458-2874

subset: commoncrawl


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uncledennis1 says ...
Consider it a loss and a lesson learned and move on. Consider also that a marriage to this person would have proven far more costly than the jewel... |
And in case it has been overlooked...... once you gave her these items as a gift, IT'S HERS AND ANYTHING YOU DO TO TAKE IT FROM HER WITHOUT HER PER... |
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thanks for the friendship. Hope you have a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year.....Stay safe.
Craig -
You'll be getting a LOT of holiday wishes from friends. Count this as one of them. Have a Merry "CHRIST"mas and a "FUN"tastic New Year.
God Bless my friend -
about 2 years ago
What's Ron, are you on Christmas break yet?
Wishing you and yours a very Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year Ron.
Thanks for checkin in (although you SHOULD have gone straight to bed :-)
Hope you got a good night's rest.
Stay safe my friend -
Saw you were on line so just wanted to stop by and say "Howdy".
God Bless -
Hi Ron, hope all is well in your world, take care and enjoy the season my friend. We''re actually having some nice weather with very little snow, yet at least. Take care and be safe.
over 2 years ago
Sending best wishes for a wonderful day with family and friends.
Stopping by to say Hi and hope you're having the start of a very nice weekend, take care and have a safe and blessed Thanskgiving.
Just stopping by to say "Howdy". Have a GREAT day
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Credits & Info
- Uploaded
- May 8, 2007 | 1:52 PM EDT
- Daily Feature May 9, 2007
- Weekly 2nd Place May 9, 2007
If you liked this, check these out!
Sci-Fi Guys 5 by Dave
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Plenty more like this here!
Weird Al Videos for the king of parody songs, Weird Al!
Author Comments
Included in this presentation prepared exclusively for Newgrounds are scenes from the "Virus Alert 3D" GAME that was released on May 6th, 2007! Please spread the word about this game... it was over a year in the making!
You may or may not have seen this video I made last year for "Weird Al." Here it is, in all the glory of uncompressed Flash, with new pause/play functionality.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
it was worth watching.. espeacaly the part with bush in it... HAHAHAH
Rated 5 / 5 stars
thats so cool, did you actually get to meet al?
when I watched his vid on youtube, i thought that the art style was farmiliar!
Rated 5 / 5 stars
Your the only one who's even heard this song basicly. It's pretty cool, featuring I have no idea how to make a video. (How do you, can you tell me?)
Did you know youtube is jipping you off and calling it his? (Or hers)


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Flightplan (2005)
Critics Consensus: The actors are all on key here, but as the movie progress, tension deflates as the far-fetched plot kicks in.
Critics Consensus: The actors are all on key here, but as the movie progress, tension deflates as the far-fetched plot kicks in.
Movie Info
A woman is forced to prove her own sanity to save the life of her daughter in this taut thriller. Kyle Pratt (Jodie Foster) is a successful aircraft designer who has recently been dealing with the traumatic death of her husband. After traveling to Berlin on business with her six-year-old daughter, Julia (Marlene Lawston), Kyle falls asleep on their flight back to New York, only to discover that her daughter has gone missing. While not knowing where Julia has gone is troubling enough, even more … More
- Rating:
- PG-13 (for violence and some intense plot material)
- Genre:
- Drama , Action & Adventure , Mystery & Suspense
- Directed By:
- Robert Schwentke
- Written By:
- Peter A. Dowling , Billy Ray
- In Theaters:
- Sep 23, 2005 Wide
- On DVD:
- Jan 24, 2006
- Box Office:
- Runtime:
as Kyle
as Carson
as Captain Rich
as Stephanie
as Obaid
as Ahmed
as Fiona
as Mr. Loud
as Mrs. Loud
as Brittany Loud
as Rhett Loud
as Claudia
as Elias
as Julia
as Estella
as Victoria
as David
as Eric
as FBI Agent
as Mike
as Grunick
as Angry Passenger
as Katerina
as Anna
as Mortuary Director
as West
as Metal Detector Guard...
as Ion Tracker Guard 1
as Irene
as Row 19 Male Passenge...
as Therapist
as Main Deck Kid
as Main Deck Grandma
as Helicopter Pilot
Related News & Features
Box Office Guru Preview: Jovovich vs. Alba in Multiplex Mayhem
– Rotten Tomatoes -
Box Office Guru Preview: Jodie's Got A Gun!
– Rotten Tomatoes
Flightplan Videos
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LoginCritic Reviews for Flightplan
All Critics (187) | Top Critics (43) | Fresh (65) | Rotten (108) | DVD (37)
It's always a bad sign in a thriller when the big reveal is greeted by hoots of derisive laughter.
As with many modern thrillers the actual plot, once it comes to light, is highly implausible, there are a few too many turns towards the end and the climax errs towards the anti-climatic. That being said, it's well put together and entertainingly moody.
Tense but riveting thriller, best for teens+.
If it's post 9/11, why would they have a plane with bathrooms that lead to tunnel-sized ventilators that have access to the plane's machinery?!
a white-knuckle ride into the anxieties and terrors of the new millennium... Fasten your seatbelts.
Following a smooth takeoff, this psychological thriller hits some turbulence and crash lands due to a preposterous, almost comical, turn of events.
Foster is a master at portraying a woman in terror who's trying to balance her fears with a survival instinct that drives her to somehow prevail.
full review in Greek
While I do think that Foster and the movies she makes need to lighten up, that isn't quite what I have in mind.
The bickering back and forth between Foster and Sarsgaard becomes tiresome. And the erriness dissipates without anything as interesting to replace it.
A disposable B-movie without much excitement or ingenuity.
It's not a good movie despite its stylishness and performances, but it does have a short window of appeal for reasons entirely independent of its plausibility.
Jodie Foster, the real-life mother of two young sons, follows 'Panic Room' with another thriller that allows her to physicalize her maternal instincts into action-movie heroics. (Does her experience as a child actor help explain this protective streak?)
The movie may not soar, but it flies.
As plane-based suspense thrillers go, Flightplan has a smooth take off and cruises along nicely for a while, but it hits a rocky patch of turbulence in the third act and goes into a fatal tailspin.
Rumor is Ms. Foster's picky about scripts. It's an interesting notion, but it doesn't quite explain the existence of Flightplan
The makers of Flightplan have trimmed all the meat off The Lady Vanishes as if it were fat and served us the bone.
If you can forgive the story for being what it is, as I could not, you will probably get your money's worth out of this film. When will they ever learn?
It never really takes off as a fully developed chiller, rather settling for familiar characters and cloudy motivations.
With two and a half good acts out of three and a charismatic Jodie Foster holding at the centre, Flightplan warrants the fare for paying passengers.
Audience Reviews for Flightplan
Execellent thriller about Jodie who loses her daughter on board a flight. No one believes her. An unusual role for Sean Bean.
MoreSuper Reviewer
This is the right kind of movie for Jodie Foster to do her thing. Cause she's good at this. It was pretty interesting...But it's the kind of movie where you kind of don't wanna find out what have happened. Cause the secret is more exciting than the truth. But it was a good movie. And I'm glad I saw it
MoreSuper Reviewer
Although Flightplan is a highly predictable film, Jodie Foster gives a good performance, which keeps you glued throughout, just sit back and enjoy.
MoreSuper Reviewer
Atmosphere, tension, and acting are what make this an enjoyable, above average thriller. Paying too much attention to plot holes, contrivances, and that sort of thing will only ruin the movie. Just sit back, turn your brain off for 95 minutes, and enjoy the ride- it's much better that way. Oh yeah, while it does borrow quite a bit of elements from The Lady Vanishes, it's not a total ripoff or remake.
MoreSuper Reviewer
Discussion Forum
Discuss Flightplan on our Movie forum!


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Chiefs' full-squad training camp to start July 26 in St. Joseph
The Chiefs announced Monday they will officially kick off training camp under new head coach Andy Reid on Friday, July 26 at Missouri Western State University in St. Joseph.
And Reid apparently likes to get up early.
All practices will begin at 8:15 a.m., except the opening practice on July 26, which will start at 3:30 p.m. All full-squad practices through the final day of camp on Aug. 14 will be open to the public.
This will be the Chiefs' fourth year at Missouri Western. During the club's first three seasons in St. Joseph, the Chiefs conducted mid-morning walkthroughs followed by 3:20 p.m. practices. Reid's walkthroughs, which are closed to the public and reporters, will be in the afternoons.
The opening practice on July 26 will feature a full-team autograph session following the session, and Missouri Western will charge a $5 admission except for children 3 and under.
Unless otherwise noted, all outdoor training camp practices will be free of charge, though Missouri Western will charge a $5 parking fee per vehicle per day. Groups of players will sign autographs after each practice.
Practices conducted indoors due to inclement weather will not be open to the public.
The Chiefs' annual Family Fun Day will be held at 8:15 a.m., Saturday, Aug. 3. Admission will be free, and the entire team will be available to sign autographs following practice.
Chiefs rookies and quarterbacks will report on Monday, July 22 and go through practices on July 23-24 that will be closed to the public.
There will be no practices on July 31, Aug. 7-8 and Aug. 10.
The first preseason game will be on Aug. 9 at New Orleans, and the first home preseason game will be Aug. 16 against San Francisco.
Chiefs training camp schedule
• Monday, July 22: Report Day for rookies & QBs, closed to public• Tuesday, July 23: Practice for rookies & QBs, 8:45 a.m., closed to public
• Wednesday, July 24: Practice for rookies & QBs, 8:45 a.m, closed to public
• Thursday, July 25: Full-squad report day
• Friday, July 26: Practice, 3:30 p.m. ($5 admission fee; entire team autograph session)
• Saturday, July 27: Practice, 8:15 a.m.
• Sunday, July 28: Practice, 8:15 a.m.
• Monday, July 29: Practice, 8:15 a.m.
• Tuesday, July 30: Practice, 8:15 a.m.
• Wednesday, July 31: No practice
• Thursday, Aug. 1: Practice, 8:15 a.m.
• Friday, Aug. 2: Practice, 8:15 a.m.
• Saturday, Aug. 3: Practice, 8:15 a.m. ("American Family" Fun Day, entire team autograph session)
• Sunday, Aug. 4: Practice, 8:15 a.m.
• Monday, Aug. 5: Practice, 8:15 a.m.
• Tuesday, Aug. 6: Practice, 8:15 a.m.
• Wednesday, Aug. 7: No practice
• Thursday, Aug. 8: Travel day, no practice
• Friday, Aug. 9: Preseason game one: Chiefs at Saints, 7 p.m.
• Saturday, Aug. 10: No practice
• Sunday, Aug. 11: Practice, 8:15 a.m.
• Monday, Aug. 12: Practice, 8:15 a.m.
• Tuesday, Aug. 13: Practice, 8:15 a.m.
• Wednesday, Aug. 14: Practice, 8:15 a.m.
• Thursday, Aug. 15: Chiefs break camp in St. Joseph
• Friday, Aug. 16: Preseason game two: 49ers at Chiefs, 7 p.m.
Join the Discussion
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Antares Energy (AZZ)
PUBLISHED: 01 Feb 2010 16:50:03 | UPDATED: 01 Feb 2010 17:06:05PRINT EDITION: 01 Feb 2010Small gas explorer Antares Energy announced the initial production rate of the Frances Dilworth well in McMullen County, Texas, was 790 barrels of oil a day and 900 million cubic feet a day.
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Companies | Antares Energy Ltd |
Topics | Energy & Utilities |


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Our company is happy to offer you Simport Laboratory lids or covers or coverslips for your application. As a scientist you fully understand how the level of quality of your research laboratory equipment helps to determine how long you may spend on a project and the level of quality of the information. Finding your most suitable model of Simport Laboratory lids or covers or coverslips might be a challenging job; though with assistance from our product experts here at LabPlanet you can be assured you have selected the most suitable equipment for your method. Our solution specialists have more than fifteen years combined expertise in lab products and they are here from 7am to 5pm CST to assist you. Are you not in the US? Working late and have a question? Then send us an email at firstname.lastname@example.com and we will quickly email you with assistance. Perhaps you plan a purchase and want costs and availability; in that case phone or simply send us an email and we can send out an offer that includes lead times for shipping and delivering to your city.


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We want to ensure that making a return is as easy and hassle-free as possible! If for any reason you decide that your purchase just isn't for you, simply return the item within 30 days of receipt and we'll cover the return shipping when you choose our FREE Pre-Paid Return Shipping Label. Learn more about our return policy.
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text: 2801 W Davies Drive Status: Off Market MLS#: 1192352 Contact Email this listing Share on Pinterest Share on Google+ Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Calculate Mortgage Print Flyer Get Directions Request a Showing Off Market 2801 Davies Drive, Littleton, CO 80120 is no longer on the market or has been removed from the MLS. Similar to 2801 Davies Drive: Ask an Agent About 2801 Davies Drive * Required fields Send Your Question × Monthly Payment Estimator Price: Down Payment: % Loan Amount: Loan Type: 30 Year Fixed 15 Year Fixed 5/1 ARM Interest Rate: % Est. Tax & Insurance: % ($/mo.) × Email a Listing 2801 Davies Drive, Littleton CO, 80120 From: Name: Email: To: Name: Email: Subject: Message: Take a look at this property I found on HomeSmiths.com: http://www.homesmiths.com/homes/2801-W-Davies-Drive/Littleton/CO/80120/31518154/ Send a copy of this message to me Send Email


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Susanne Daniels was born on May 7, 1965 in Westport, Connecticut, USA as Susanne Dari Lieberstein. She is known for her work on How to Look Good Naked (2008), The Hook Up (2013) and Awkward. (2011). She has been married to Greg Daniels since September 15, 1991.
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- Sold for: Start FREE Trial! or Sign In to see what it's worth.
- Item Category:
- Source: eBay
- Sold Date: Feb 01,2007
- Channel: Online Auction
THIS AUCTION IS FOR ZIMS NEW MIGHTY THOR NUTCRACKER . He is 14 " tall and in his original box. He will look great in your collection or your displays. Or as a great gift. Money orders or Personal checks and Pay Pal only. For checks will wait 10 days to clear. Actual shipping and insurance will be added to total price. No shipping out of the U.S. Please e-mail any questions before bidding. Have fun. And if you enjoy nutcrackers, check out our other items we have on e-Bay. We also have Smokers. What are they?? Check them out. You will find them a merry lot.
Items in the Worthopedia are obtained exclusively from licensors and partners solely for our members' research needs.


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One of these is the "bug" on auto brightness.
Even when disabled it still acting in ANY situation, interacting with the predominant color that are being displayed!
This thing are driving me nuts watching videos on Netflix and reading this forum on Tapatalk!
Is there any way to disable this f#cking thing?
Thanks in advance!
Sent from my Honami!


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Awesome, flavorful, craft beers from Utrecht!
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The beers we made with our friends Buxton Brewery Company and Oedipus Brewing are almost in the Netherlands! Can't wait to try.1) Ring Your Mother 1832 XXXX Mild, 9.5%. Imperial mild with a nice amount of American hops. Imperial mild recipe from 1832 (thnx Ron Pattinson) meets double IPA. 2) Ring Your Mother 2015 XS Mild, 2.6%. Started as a good idea in the middle of the brew session, we used the second runnings to make this crossover of an XS Mild meets Berliner Weisse, dryhopped with the same hops as his big brother. In very limited supply. Contact me if you want to buy kegs or boxes. Small happy new beer party coming up. ... See moreSee less
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Welcome to the Henry Haight Elementary
The Henry Haight Elementary PTA is a forum where parents, teachers, and school administrators discuss ways to promote quality education, strive to expand the arts, and encourage community involvement in our school.PTA website
Attention Haight Families!
Did you know Haight's campus is being considered for providing classroom space and an office for the new Academy of Alameda Elementary School? We recently learned that the School Board was asked to find space on the West End of Alameda to provide for the newly approved AOA Elementary School (grades K and 1-4 classrooms and an office) for the 15/16 school year. We must unite and express our concerns about this disruptive and untenable proposal.
The Dads club is inviting ALL FAMILIES to join in watching a movie on Friday January 30th, 2015 @ 6:30PM in the Henry Haight Multipurpose Room Admission is free food and refreshments will be available for purchase ADULT SUPERVISION IS REQUIRED!!!
Earn Money for Our School!
Box Tops for Education Please continue to collect your box tops! PTA Membership DriveEvery class has the chance to earn an Frozen Treat Party. All classrooms K-3 who enlist 20 PTA members and their teacher and Grades 4-5 who enlist 25 and their teacher WIN! $15 for one membership $10 for second in the same family.Sign up here! Visit Henry Haight School website, for more calendar dates and learning resources.
Donate to Henry Haight School
Signup for the PTA Newsletter
Dads' Club Presents:
Henry Haight Elementary
"Night with the Warriors"
Meet some other Henry Haight dads at our
Dads' Club.
Coffee @ The Eagle CafeMonday, Wednesday and Friday
8:10 - 8:45 on the yard $1.00 if you bring your cup, $1.50 if you don't The Eagle Cafe serves
generously donated coffee from Mr. Espresso. Henry Haight Elementary School
2025 Santa Clara Ave,


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Hairdressers in Rainham, Kent
If you're tired of the person staring back at you in the mirror why not take a trip to the hairdressers because a new hairstyle can completely change your look and make you feel more desirable. You should always choose a style that enhances your best features and a hairdresser can easily give you advice on the best hair cut for you. So whether you have highlights or lowlights, a perm or straightening treatment, a radical new style or just a trim, you're bound to leave the salon looking and feeling like a million dollars. Check out city-visitor´s directory of hairdressers in Rainham to find the right salon for you. Don't be confused by the many Rainham businesses with Hairdressers on offer, let Cityvisitor for Rainham point you in the right direction for Hairdressers in Rainham with this guide to the best Rainham businesses available.
Parkwood Hair Salon & Nail Garden
8 Parkwood Green, Gillingham, ME8 9PN 01634 230020
Annette's Complete Hair Care
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Capelli's Unisex Hairdressers
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Pure Hairdressing
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text:
US 4985884 A Abstract In conventional disk shaped recording reproduction devices, vibrations have been absorbed by the up and down motion of protruding rods which are supported in a viscous liquid such as a silicon oil. According to this invention, an inexpensive elastic body is used, which is heated by a heater so that, by maintaining the temperature of the elastic body within a certain range, the deterioration of the vibration absorbing characteristics of the elastic body with temperature changes is considerably reduced and the elastic body can be made more compact.
Claims(4) 1. A disk shaped recording reproduction device including a turntable upon which a disk is loaded, a pickup which reads information recorded on said disk, a deck base supported by a damper, a clamp arm pivoted to said deck base in such a way that it moves freely up and down, and a clamp which is attached to a free end of said clamp arm to hold said disk between itself and said turntable, wherein the improvement comprises:
an elastic body for said damper which has good vibration damping characteristics within a certain temperature range; a heater for applying heat to said elastic body; and a control device for controlling said heater so that the temperature of said elastic body remains within said temperature range. 2. The disk shaped recording reproduction device of claim 1, wherein said elastic body is made of rubber.
3. The disk shaped recording reproduction device of claim 1, wherein said elastic body is attached to a metal plate which is heated by said heater attached to said metal plate.
4. The disk shaped recording reproduction device of claim 1, wherein said control circuit comprises a sensor for detecting the temperature of said elastic body, a relay for turning the power to said heater on and off, a control unit for turning said relay on and off in response to output signals from said sensor and a power supply for furnishing electric power to said sensor, heater, and control unit.
Description This invention relates to disk shaped recording reproduction devices for reading information from a disk and particularly to mechanisms which prevent vibrations in these devices. FIG. 3 shows the principal mechanism of a conventional disk shaped recording reproduction device--a compact disk drive. An optical pickup 2, which reads the information on a compact disk 1, is located near the turntable (not shown) which turns when the compact disk 1 is loaded. A clamp 3, which presses against the compact disk 1 and makes it turn together with the turntable, is located above the turntable. The clamp 3 is attached to a free end of a clamp arm 4. The clamp arm 4 is pivoted to a deck base 6 which is supported by four dampers 5 and springs 20. FIG. 4 is a cross section of the damper 5. A viscous liquid 8 made from a silicon oil which is resistant to viscosity changes and deterioration accompanying temperature changes is sealed within a cylindrical rubber elastic body 7. A protruding rod 9 is placed in the center of the elastic body 7. A disk shaped resistance plate 10 is placed at the lower end of the protruding rod 9. In the conventional compact disk drive as described above, when the compact disk 1 is loaded onto the turntable, the clamp arm 4 falls and the clamp 3 holds the compact disk 1 against the turntable. Therefore, the motor (not shown) turns the turntable, compact disk 1, and clamp 3 together without the compact disk 1 slipping, and the optical pickup 2 is able to read optically the information on the compact disk 1. Moreover, the damper 5 absorbs the vibrations of the deck base 6 in order to prevent errors as the information on compact disk 1 is read. In the compact disk configured as described above, the damper 5 is used to prevent vibration while the viscous fluid 8 is a silicon oil which has a small viscosity drop as its temperature increases. However, the good vibration damping characteristics cannot be maintained because the viscosity of the liquid declines with increasing temperature throughout the entire temperature range, for example, from -30� C. to 70� C., to which the viscous fluid is exposed under automobile operating conditions. Moreover, sealing the silicon oil with a thin rubber film makes manufacturing more difficult and increases production costs. It is an object of this invention to maintain the good vibration damping characteristics of a damper even if the ambient temperature of the damper should vary. Another object of this invention is to improve the manufacturability and reduce the size of the damper. Still another object of this invention is to provide a recording reproduction device which has a low manufacturing cost. According to this invention, the elastic body that holds the deck base is warmed by a heater that keeps its temperature constant. Excellent damping characteristics are obtained by keeping the temperature of the elastic body constant. These objects together with others not mentioned will become clear to those skilled in the art from the following description. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the principal components of this invention; FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of the electrical portion of this invention; FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the principal components of a conventional compact disk drive; FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the damper of a conventional device; and FIG. 5 is a chart of the temperature vs. vibration damping characteristics of the damper in a certain frequency band. FIG. 1 shows a damper 11 according to an embodiment of the invention which may replace the conventional damper 5 as shown in FIG. 3. The damper 11 is made from an elastic body 13, such as rubber, which has good vibration damping throughout the temperature range and may be manufactured cheaply. A metal plate 18 is placed to the bottom of the elastic body 13. A heater 12 is attached to the top of the metal plate 18. FIG. 2 shows the control device 1A. A temperature sensor 14 is directly attached to or located beside the elastic body 13 in order to measure the temperature of the elastic body 13. The other major components in the block diagram are a control unit 15, a relay 16 and a power supply 17. If the ambient temperature of the damper 11 of the configuration described above declines, as it does during the winter, the elastic body 13 hardens. If damper 11 has the temperature characteristics of FIG. 5, its vibration damping will be inadequate at temperatures of 25� C. or less. This has resulted in lower audio reproduction quality in automotive compact disks due to automobile vibrations. Therefore, in this invention, the temperature sensor 14 measures the temperature of the elastic body 13 and sends the sensor output signal to the control unit 15. The control unit 15 compares the sensor output signal with the elastic body optimum temperature set beforehand and sends a signal to the relay 16 if the sensor signal exceeds the temperature value set beforehand by a preset value. This signal turns the relay 16 on for a preset period of time. The relay 16 connects the heater 12 with the power supply 17. This boosts the temperature of the elastic body 13 to the high temperature range where its vibration damping characteristics are best. Although the explanation of the embodiment described above has dealt with one type of disk shaped recording reproduction device or compact disk drive, this invention is not limited in its applications to compact disk drives. This invention is also useful for magnetic disk drives and laser disk drives. In these devices as well, the heater 12 can be directly connected to or placed beside the elastic body 13. According to the invention, the elastic body is kept in the adequate vibration damping range by maintaining the temperature of the damper which supports the deck base within a preset range. The heater heats the elastic body to maintain the temperature of the elastic body within the preset temperature range in which it has good damping characteristics even if the ambient temperature of the elastic body falls. Thus a disk shaped recording reproduction device having good vibration damping characteristics can be obtained. The simple damper design, moreover, makes this invention inexpensive to manufacture. Patent Citations
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1,095 Lake Forest Park, WA Carpet and Flooring Manufacturers and Showrooms
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Picture - Dangerous , Friday 17th August 2012
Dangerous - Gerd Ludwig holds a workshop in Los Angeles about creating documentary images in dangerous environments. Friday 17th August 2012 The National Geographic photographer, world renowned for being the only photographer to document the clean-up efforts of the nuclear reactors, after the Chernobyl atomic meltdown disaster in the Ukraine.
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Arctic Cat Introduces The All-New, High Horsepower Wildcat 1000 X Pure Sport Side-by-Side
Arctic Cat Inc. (NASDAQ: ACAT) introduced today the Wildcat™ 1000 X, an all-new model in its pure sport Wildcat line of side-by-side vehicles. The Wildcat 1000 X combines 90-plus horsepower with new, advanced drive and handling technologies to provide off-road enthusiasts with an unrivaled experience. Arctic Cat will begin shipping the new Wildcat 1000 X to dealers in March 2013. The company's fiscal 2013 full-year guidance includes the anticipated impact from the sale of these units.
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text:
Originally written on
Last updated 11/19/14
The 49ers are reporting that they have signed six of their seven draftees. The only rookie not yet signed is first round pick AJ Jenkins.
RB LaMichael James
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The food here is very average , not authentic thai . I think for a Thai restaurant it is a bit pricey but then it is Pasadena .
The restaurant was clean, friendly, and welcoming. The highlight of the meal was the appetizers: crispy avocado rolls and Thai-style ground meat on flat crackers. The spicy mint noodle was tasty enough, but not exceptional. The yellow curry also wasn't bad, but I preferred the curry at Saladong down the street.
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text:
Functional Urology
Efficacy of fesoterodine compared with extended-release tolterodine in men and women with overactive bladder
Article first published online: 4 JUL 2013
DOI: 10.1111/bju.12174
© 2013 Pfizer Inc
Additional Information
How to Cite
Ginsberg, D., Schneider, T., Kelleher, C., Van Kerrebroeck, P., Swift, S., Creanga, D. and Martire, D. L. (2013), Efficacy of fesoterodine compared with extended-release tolterodine in men and women with overactive bladder. BJU International, 112: 373–385. doi: 10.1111/bju.12174
Publication History
- Issue published online: 4 JUL 2013
- Article first published online: 4 JUL 2013
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- Pfizer Inc
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text:
US 4706138 A Abstract A transimpedance amplifier for biasing and amplifying the signals produced by a magnetoresistive element is provided. Electrically, the resistance of the element is disposed as degenerative feedback in the emitter circuit of a differential pair comprising the input stage of the amplifier. Bias current for the element is supplied by the same current source that supplies current to the differential pair. DC feedback to the input stage balances current flow in both paths of the differential input stage to correct for DC offset arising in the output from variations transistor characteristics and the steady-state value of the magnetoresistive element. The amplified signal, representing ΔRh /Rh, is sensed as a current through the magnetoresistive element, where ΔRh is the change in steady-state resistance, Rh, of the element.
Claims(13) 1. A circuit having first and second power supplies, for simultaneously biasing, and amplifying signals produced by, a magnetoresistive element having a steady-state resistance value, said circuit comprising:
a first current source coupled to the magnetoresistive element and to the second power supply for producing a current therethrough having constant time average value; an input stage, having at least two transistors coupled in a first differential pair configuration and having the magnetoresistive element coupled to the emitter of one of said first differential pair of transistors and coupled to the first constant current source, for amplifying current deviations from said constant time average value of the current flowing through said magnetoresistive element; and output means, coupled to the input stage, for correcting variations in input stage voltage levels and for amplifying and transmitting signals received therefrom; the collectors and bases of the said first differential pair of transistors being coupled to the output means, and the emitter of said other transistor of said differential pair being coupled to the first constant current source. 2. A circuit as in claim 1 wherein the signals amplified by said circuit are given by the relation ΔRh, where ΔRh is the change in steady-state resistance, Rh, of the magneto-resistive element.
3. A circuit as in claim 1 wherein the output means includes:
at least two transistors coupled in a second differential pair configuration for correcting the voltage at the bases of the first differential pair; and first and second follower transistors, coupled to the first differential pair, for coupling the variations in the voltage levels produced in the input stage to the second differential pair; said second differential pair being coupled to a second constant current source, and said follower transistors being coupled to third and fourth constant current sources, respectively. 4. A circuit as in claim 3 further including:
a plurality of input stages; and selection means for activating a first one of the plurality of input stages and deactivating all of the remaining plurality of input stages. 5. A circuit as in claim 4 further including:
transient suppression means for suppressing transients produced by deactivating one and activating another of the plurality of input stages. 6. A circuit as in claim 5 wherein the transient suppression means comprises:
a fifth constant current source coupled between the emitter of one of said follower transistors and the second power supply; a resistor and a first and second diodes, each coupled parallel to each other and between the first and fifth constant current sources, the cathode of said first diode and the anode of said second diode being coupled to the fifth constant current source. 7. A circuit as in claim 4 further including enhancing means for decreasing input impedance presented to the magnetoresistive element and for increasing input impedance of the input stage.
8. A circuit as in claim 4 further including settling means for reducing the time required for said circuit to settle into steady-state operating after one of said input stages is deactivated and another of said input stages is activated.
9. A circuit as in claim 8 wherein the settling means includes:
first settling means for settling the circuit to steady-state operation when activating an input stage including a magnetoresistive element having a higher steady-state resistance value than the magnetoresistive element of the input stage being deactivated; and second settling means for settling the circuit to steady-state operation when activating an input stage including a magnetoresistive element having lower steady-state resistance value than the magnetoresistive element of the input stage being deactivated. 10. Apparatus for simultaneously biasing and amplifying signals produced by a magnetoresistive sensor when exposed to a changing magnetic field, said sensor having a steady-state resistance value, said apparatus comprising:
first means for receiving current from the magnetoresistive sensor, and for producing, in response thereto, signals representing the change in sensor resistance arising from changes in the magnetic field to which the sensor is exposed; second means coupled to the first means for amplifying the signals produced thereby, and having an output for transmitting said amplified signals therefrom; third means coupled to the first and second means for setting the frequency response of said apparatus, and fourth means coupled to the second means for substantially eliminating DC offset voltage at the output thereof. 11. Apparatus as in claim 10 wherein error signals produced by the third means are subtracted from the signals produced by the first means to provide preselectable high frequency response.
12. Apparatus as in claim 10 wherein the fourth means further includes means for feeding forward signals to eliminate DC offset voltage at the output of the second means.
13. Apparatus as in claim 10 wherein the second means divides the amplified signal by the steady-state value of the magnetoresistive sensor.
Description The present invention is related to the invention described in the U.S. Patent application entitled, "Method and Apparatus for Reading Recorded Data by a Magnetoresistive Head", Ser. No. 767,549 filed Aug. 20, 1985 by Klaas B. Klaassen and assigned to the assignee hereof, and is incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein. Most existing magnetoresistive (MR) sensors, including particularly sensors for bubble memories and magnetic recording, are biased at a constant bias current by preamplifiers which detect the signal voltage developed at the sensor terminals. Since stripe height is inversely proportional to sensor resistance, and varies from sensor to sensor owing to production variations and varies over the life of the sensor in contact recording applications owing to wear, it is desirable to detect signals produced by the sensor which are independent of stripe height. Thus, as shown in the related application, it is desirable to detect and amplify a voltage representing ΔRh /Rh, where ΔRh is the change in MR sensor resistance, Rh, arising from the magnetic input signal from the media being read. According to the present invention, an enhanced transimpedance amplifier is used for biasing and amplifying the signals produced by an MR read sensor. Electrically, the resistance, Rh, of the MR sensor is disposed as degenerative feedback in the emitter circuit of a differential pair comprising the input stage of the amplifier. In this circuit configuration, a signal representing ΔRh /Rh is sensed and amplified as a current through the MR sensor. Bias current for the MR sensor is supplied by the same constant current source that supplies current to both transistors comprising the input stage of the amplifier. To correct for direct current (DC) offset arising from variations in input stage transistor characteristics and the steady-state value of Rh, DC feedback to the input stage, via a level shift and amplifying stage, balances current flow in both paths of the differential input stage. It should be noted that the steady-state value of Rh refers to the resistance value of Rh while biased but not sensing magnetic field variations. In addition, a feed forward current source, which injects an offset current into the last-mentioned DC feedback loop, may be used to correct for the DC error at the output of the amplifier. The amount of current can be selected to eliminate the error for nominal values of steady-state sensor resistance Rh, and to minimize the error in the general case. It should be noted that nominal, in regard to the value of Rh, refers to that steady-state value of Rh most often occurring in production quantities. The input stage of the amplifier of the present invention may be replicated as many times as there are MR sensors in a given system. The remaining components of the amplifier comprise the output and feedback stages which are common to all, and switched among, the input stages in a multiple-head system. The sensitivity of the amplifier of the present invention to ΔRh /Rh signals may be increased and the sensitivity to variations in Rh may be decreased by additional circuitry. Further additional circuitry may be added to shorten setting time when MR sensors having different steady state resistance values, Rh, are activated and deactivated in a multiple sensor system. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the basic concept of an amplifier constructed according to the principles of the present invention. FIG. 2A is a circuit diagram of an amplifier implemented according to FIG. 1. FIG. 2B is a block diagram which shows the coupling of input stages to the common stage of the amplifier. FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram for enhancing ΔRh /Rh sensitivity of the amplifier of FIG. 2A. FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram for improving transient response of the amplifier FIG. 2A when switched between MR sensors having different resistance. FIG. 5 is a block diagram of elements for reducing the settling time of the amplifier FIG. 2A when MR sensors having different resistance are activated and deactivated in a multiple-sensor system. FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of the amplifier of FIG. 5. FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of the amplifier of FIG. 2A including another embodiment of the enhancements of FIGS. 4 and 6. Referring first to FIG. 1, input I from an MR sensor is applied to summer 11 of amplifier 10. Since ΔRh is proportional to the resistance value of Rh, the output signal can be made independent of variations in the value of Rh arising from variations in stripe height and length by dividing the total gain of the system by Rh. Thus, the forward transfer function of gain stage 12 is G divided by Rh. The reverse transfer function, H, of feedback 14 can be modified by setting dominant low frequency poles, Pd, in a low pass configuration to produce a high pass characteristic of the system at the output, O. The high pass characteristic is obtained by subtracting error signal, E, produced by network 14, from the input, I, at summer 11. Finally, feed forward correction, F, from source 15 for correcting DC offset at output O is introduced at summer 13. The input I contains an undesirable DC component arising from the voltage drop across the sensor caused by the bias current. This DC component may create an error at output O. Therefore, subtracting the nominal value of the DC component in I from the input to the forward gain path (G/R) eliminates the error in output O for the nominal values Rh, and significantly reduces the error in O for the general case of Rh values at or near the tolerance limit of acceptable values at or near the The concept of FIG. 1 may be implemented as shown in FIG. 2A. Bias current, Ib, for the MR sensor, Rh, is supplied by current source J1. Initially, the current through input devices T1 and T2 may be different and will cause an output offset across R1 and R2, voltage followers T5 and T6, each coupled to constant current sources J3 and J4, respectively, shift the DC potential of this offset and apply it to feedback differential pair, T7 and T8. Thus, the voltage at the bases of input devices T1 and T2 is corrected so that one-half of the current from current source J1 flows in each input device T1 and T2. The current supplied by constant current source J1 is approximately 2Ib. Differential pair, T7 and T8, are supplied current by constant current source J2. Since input devices T1 and T2 have inherently low input impedance at their emitters, the circuit is a transimpedance amplifier. In addition, Rh acts as a degenerative feedback resistor. Thus, ΔRh /Rh is sensed as a current through Rh. Referring now also to FIG. 2B, nodes N1, N2 and N3 and NF1 and NF2 define common nodes joining separate circuits. The first circuit, comprising input devices T1 and T2, Rh and current source J1, is the basic input stage for each MR sensor. The remaining components shown in FIG. 2A comprise the output and feedback stages, hereafter collectively referred to as g0, which are common to one or more basic input stages. Thus, each MR sensor, Rh1, Rh2. . . Rhn, has a separate input stage, g1, g2, . . . gn, which can be activated or deactivated by activating or deactivating their respective current sources, J1. With continuing reference to FIG. 2A, capacitor C, coupled between the bases of T1 and T2, is used to produce a dominant low frequency pole as indicated in FIG. 1. The location of the pole is determined by the value of C, R5, R6 and the loop gain, i.e. GH/Rh. Current source JO injects a feed-forward offset current into the feedback loop to balance the collector voltages of output cascade pair T3 and T4 for nominal MR resistance, Rh, and minimizes such output offset in the general case for a range of steady-state values of Rh. The values of resistors R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are selected to provide suitable voltage biasing for their respective active devices. Furthermore, the circuit of FIG. 2A is particularly well-suited to implementation in any number of different integrated circuit technologies, since only one capacitor, which could be an off-chip component, is required. The output voltage, Vout, of the amplifier of the present invention is related to the input impedance, Rin, as seen by Rh as given below, ##EQU1## Therefore, ##EQU2## Thus, the lower the value of Rin, the less sensitive Vout will be to a wider range of variations in the steady-state value of Rh. For assuring very low input impedance, Rin, presented to the MR sensor, Rh, the present invention may include the compound input stage of FIG. 3. The circuit of FIG. 3 includes additional current sources J5 and J6, which are common to all input stages. Transistors T5, T6, T9 and T10, and diodes D1 and D2 are all repeated for each input stage. Then, additional nodes separating the common from the repeated parts of the circuit are identified at N4, N5, N6 and N7. Wide-band performance for the circuit of FIG. 2A is desirable and obtainable by (1) setting the dominant low frequency pole for good low frequency response, and (2) by adding a cascaded common-base stage comprising T3, T4 and V1 for good high frequency response. However, too much recovery time is required for stabilizing such a circuit when switching over from one sensor to another, i.e. deactivating one sensor and associated input stage and activating another. Obviously, if the forward gain G were increased, the dominant low frequency pole would move up in frequency and recovery time would decrease. Since that solution is undesirable for overall performance, the present invention includes a circuit for moving the dominant low frequency pole only during switchover. The circuit of FIG. 4 comprises a non-linear feedback loop which improves the transient response of the circuit of FIG. 2A when successively switching over input stages having different values of Rh. Diodes D1 and D2, resistor R7 and current source J7 comprise additions to the common output/feedback stage of FIG. 2A. These last-mentioned components produce higher gain for reverse transfer function network 14, shown in FIG. 1, for large error signals. In particular, as the impedance of diodes D1 and D2 decreases with increasing current therethrough, the degenerative resistance in the emitter circuit of the differential pair T7 and T8 is further reduced for large input signals. Thus, the dominant low frequency pole, Pd, tends to move up in frequency for a faster transient response in accordance with the relation O/I=[(1/Ho)(s+Pd)]/[Rh /GHo)(s+Pd)+1] (1) where Ho=DC gain of the reverse path of the feedback loop, s=Laplace operator, Pd=dominant pole, Rh =sensor resistance and G=the uncorrected gain of the forward path of the feedback loop. In accordance with Equation (1), as the error signal approaches the steady state value, the low frequency pole tends to move back to the initial frequency for good low frequency response at output O. FIG. 5 illustrates the principle of a non-linear feedback loop for reducing the time required for the amplifier to settle into steady-state operation after one input stage is deactivated and another is activated. The non-linear feedback loop is active only during part of the transition time when switching between input stages. While active, this feedback loop introduces additional current to capacitor C to reduce the relatively long charge and discharge times thereof, which current is otherwise limited by its value and the charging current supplied by current source J2 as shown in FIG. 2A. With continuing reference to FIGS. 2B and 5, when Rh1 is biased for steady-state operation, the voltage across capacitor C is fixed and maintained by feedback. If Rh1 is then deactivated and Rh2 is activated, where Rh2 is greater than Rh1, then a DC offset voltage appears at the output, V0. Employing preselectable hysteresis in comparator CM2, if V0 then exceeds Vref by Von, then a comparator CM2 activates current source J8. Capacitor C is quickly charged to its new bias voltage because current source J8 temporarily provides substantially greater current than the charging current of G1 (i.e., current source J2 as shown in FIG. 2A). When the new steady-state operating voltage is achieved, the DC offset at VO is decreased. When the DC offset VO is decreased below Voff, which is less than Von, then comparator CM2 deactivates current source J8 and the linear feedback loop comprising G1, G2 and the input stage further reduces any residual offset at V0. Likewise, if sensor R.sub. h2 is switched off and new sensor Rh3 is switched on, where Rh3 is less than Rh2, comparator CM1 will operate to discharge capacitor C with current source J7. The voltage level Von is selected so that noise or other device parameter variations do not cause activation of comparators CM1 or CM2 while, at the same time, allowing operation of the comparators for small differences between activated and deactivated MR sensors. The voltage level Voff is selected so that the comparators will not switch off too soon to provide minimum transient response of the amplifier while providing an adequate margin of loop stability. Referring now to FIG. 6, the basic input and common output feedback stages of FIG. 3 are coupled to an implementation of the non-linear feedback loop of FIG. 5. Separate reference voltages are derived from resistor dividers R22/R23 and R24/R25 to minimize interaction between the two comparators. Comparator CM2 comprises transistors T10, T12, T14, T16, T18 and T20. Diode D2 is used as a voltage level shifter. During steady-state operation T10 is kept on (i.e. actively conducting current) by T14. The voltage developed across R20 is Von. As the voltage at the base of T10 decreases and T12 turns on, T12 is kept on by T20. The voltage developed across R22 and R23 from T20 is equivalent to Voff. Diode D4 is used as a voltage level shifter for T8. When the non-linear feedback loop is activated, transistor T22 supplies current to diodes D6 and D8. The voltage at the base of T24 and thus, one side of capacitor C is thereby clamped to a fixed voltage. At the same time, T26 will charge capacitor C toward the new steady-state voltage level in minimum time. Since diodes D7 and D8 represent a high impedance when current through them is small and a low impedance when current through them is large, the feedback loop is inherently non-linear for decreasing MR sensor switchover recovery time. A circuit for moving the dominant low frequency pole up in frequency while concurrently increasing available charging and discharging current to capacitor C is shown in FIG. 7. The circuit comprises a transconductance amplifier in a feedback loop in lieu of comparators, voltage reference levels and selectable voltage differences required by the circuits of FIGS. 4 and 6. In the circuit of FIG. 7, the current supplied from current source J2 is set to a low value for steady-state operation. That current, in turn, sets the value of the current flowing in transistors T9, T10, T12 and T13 to a value Ic1. Current Ic1 also flows through diodes D9 and D10 and transistors T7 and T8 and therefore becomes the current available to charge capacitor C. If Ic1 were increased to a value Ich at the moment of switchover, then both the available charge current to capacitor C and the loop gain would increase, thereby reducing capacitor charge time and moving the dominant low frequency pole up in frequency, respectively. After sufficient time for recovery has passed, the current supplied by current source J2 may be decreased to the initial value, Icl, for steady-state operation. The rate of increase of current Ic1 to Ich can be controlled for smooth transition between switchover operation and steady-state operation of the circuit. Patent Citations
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LEC Hosts First Coastal Conference
Story supplied by LU Press Office
Lancaster Environment Centre has played host to the Young Coastal Scientists and Engineers Conference for the first time. Around fifty young researchers attended the conference, which aims to bring together postgraduate students and postdoctoral researchers as well as junior researchers in government agencies and consultancies.
This is the fifth year of the conference but the first time it has been hosted by Lancaster University. The aim is to promote an integrated UK coastal research community and encourage an exchange of ideas between young researchers; this attracts other students and researchers from as far afield as Croatia and Italy.
Prizes were awarded for the best presentation and poster, and Professor Jonathan Tawn from the Department of Mathematics and Statistics gave a keynote lecture on the role of statistics in coastal processes research.
Dr Suzana Ilic from the Geography Division at LEC, who is a member of the conference steering committee and the organizer of this year's event said: "Lancaster University is in a perfect position for coastal research. We're at the edge of Morecambe Bay, a site of extraordinary natural dynamics that provides a perfect environment for studies of interaction between flow, sediment and ecology systems - hence our conference fieldtrip is to Silverdale and Arnside."
This is a great opportunity to bring all UK PhD students together so they can exchange experiences and network, creating the basis for research for the future."
Yohama Gunawardem completed her PhD at Lancaster before moving into environmental consultancy.
She said: "I've been to other coastal conferences but this one is special because it's nice to come back to Lancaster. It's very useful for networking to meet other people from previous conferences and find out what they're all working on."
Previous conferences have been held at Nottingham, Southampton, Plymouth and Oxford Universities.
Mon 20 April 2009
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A decade of 'Innovation, Interaction and Impact' was celebrated in style at InfoLab21's tenth anniversary event on Thursday 26th February.
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I've never had the touch for culinary arts. Like piano and art lessons, it's one of those things I wish I would have spent more time cultivating as a child. Now I regret that decision even more, as our own Steven Hansen shows us that cooking is the next breakthrough in the videogame jourmnalizm. When this spreads like wildfire, just remember you saw it here first.
Today, Dragon Age: Inquisition brings back elves and dwarf options for player characters, Fraser gives us his review of Dishonored's final piece of DLC, Ryu Hayabusa and Strider Hiryu have a Death Battle, Persona 4 Arena's newest iteration starts field testing, and Hamza brings us a video preview of Call of Duty: Ghosts .
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Community:Community Blogs of 8-16Forum Thread of the Day: Dragon's CrownFriday Night Fights: I'm new here!Live show: Worms Clan Wars
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Nintendo had a very well-rounded presentation today, with very few major reveals and mostly just new teases. The new Zelda Wii U game was briefly talked about and teased, as was Mario Maker, and a few others. The biggest developments were probably the new Smash Bros. additions as well as expanded NFC toy support. Here's everything that happened at Nintendo's E3 conference.more
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Sir Balthazar Gerbier
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TerryF • Link
Sir Balthasar Gerbier, born c1591 in Middleburg [d 1667], acquired his artistic training in Germany, and came over to England with the Dutch ambassador in 1616 as an architect, decorator, portraitist and general art adviser. He was engaged by the Duke of Buckingham to advise upon and negotiate the formation of his vast art collections, to decorate his houses, and almost certainly to build York House. After the Duke's death in 1628, he was naturalised and entered the service of Charles I as an envoy to the Netherlands, a role for which he was knighted in 1638. In addition to practising as an artist, he wrote numerous pamphlets and in 1649 opened an Academy which offered instruction in a variety of subjects from art to courtly manners. Counsel and Advice is prefaced by forty dedicatory epistles to the good and the great, of which Pepys wrote "are more than the book itself; and both it and them not worth a turd that I am ashamed that I bought it." http://www.kenspelman.com/lists/art-technique.htm
Bill • Link
Sir BALTHASAR GERBIER was promised, as he tells us himself, the place of surveyor-general of the works, upon the decease of lnigo Jones. After the death of Charles, he was very attentive to the business of his academy, which he had erected at Bethnal-green "for foreign languages, and all noble sciences and "and exercises" Butler has ridiculed this academy, in his fictitious "Will of Philip earl of Pembroke" who bequeaths "all his other speeches, of what kind soever, to the academy, to help Sir Balthasar's art of well-speaking." As this project did not answer his expectation, he went to Surinam in the time of the usurpation, and is supposed to have returned to England with Charles 11. as he is said to have designed the triumphal arches erected for the reception of that prince. In 1663, he published a small treatise, entitled, "Counsel and Advice to all Builders;" to which he has prefixed no less than forty dedications. He died at Hempsted Marshal, the seat of lord Craven, of which he drew the plan, and lies buried in the chancel of the church.
---A Biographical History of England. J. Granger, 1775.
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Chart showing the number of references in each month of the diary's entries.
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Open AccessThis article is
MDPI and ACS Style
- freely available
- re-usable
Forests 2014, 5(4), 620-642; doi:10.3390/f5040620
Carbon Stocks and Climate Change: Management Implications in Northern Arizona Ponderosa Pine Forests
Received: 16 January 2014 / Revised: 18 March 2014 / Accepted: 19 March 2014 / Published: 4 April 2014
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Forest and Wood Vegetation Carbon Stores and Sequestration)
Abstract: Researchers have observed climate-driven shifts of forest types to higher elevations in the Southwestern US and predict further migration coupled with large-scale mortality events proportional to increases in radiative forcing. Range contractions of forests are likely to impact the total carbon stored within a stand. This study examines the dynamics of Pinus ponderosa stands under three climate change scenarios in Northern Arizona using the Climate Forest Vegetation Simulator (Climate-FVS) model to project changes in carbon pools. A sample of 90 stands were grouped according to three elevational ranges; low- (1951 to 2194 m), mid- (2194 to 2499 m), and high- (2499 to 2682 m.) elevation stands. Growth, mortality, and carbon stores were simulated in the Climate-FVS over a 100 year timespan. We further simulated three management scenarios for each elevational gradient and climate scenario. Management included (1) a no-management scenario, (2) an intensive-management scenario characterized by thinning from below to a residual basal area (BA) of 18 m2/ha in conjunction with a prescribed burn every 10 years, and (3) a moderate-management scenario characterized by a thin-from-below treatment to a residual BA of 28 m2/ha coupled with a prescribed burn every 20 years. Results indicate that any increase in aridity due to climate change will produce substantial mortality throughout the elevational range of ponderosa pine stands, with lower elevation stands projected to experience the most devastating effects. Management was only effective for the intensive-management scenario; stands receiving this treatment schedule maintained moderately consistent levels of basal area and demonstrated a higher level of resilience to climate change relative to the two other management scenarios. The results of this study indicate that management can improve resiliency to climate change, however, resource managers may need to employ more intensive thinning treatments than currently proposed to achieve the best results.
climate forest vegetation simulator; climate change and elevation; forest carbon stores; forest management and climate change; climate-driven forest mortality; representative concentration pathways
This is an open access article distributed under the
Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution,
and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Export to BibTeX | EndNote
MDPI and ACS Style
Bagdon, B.; Huang, C.-H. Carbon Stocks and Climate Change: Management Implications in Northern Arizona Ponderosa Pine Forests. Forests 2014, 5, 620-642.
AMA StyleBagdon B, Huang C-H. Carbon Stocks and Climate Change: Management Implications in Northern Arizona Ponderosa Pine Forests. Forests. 2014; 5(4):620-642.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBagdon, Benjamin; Huang, Ching-Hsun. 2014. "Carbon Stocks and Climate Change: Management Implications in Northern Arizona Ponderosa Pine Forests." Forests 5, no. 4: 620-642.


text: CNN Student News - April 4, 2014By Updated 2350 GMT (0650 HKT) April 3, 2014Just WatchedCNN Student News - 04/04/14replayMore Videos ...CNN Student News - 04/04/14 10:00Story highlightsThis page includes the show Transcript and the Daily CurriculumUse the Transcript to help students with reading comprehension and vocabularyThe Daily Curriculum's Newsquiz tests students' knowledge of events in the newsAt the bottom of the page, please share your feedback about our show and curriculumApril 4, 2014On today's show, we report on a shooting at a U.S. Army base in Texas. We also continue our Financial Literacy Month coverage by explaining what it means to default on a student loan. And oceanography factors in to this program, as we define gyres and how they collect trash where people have never set foot.On this page you will find today's show Transcript, the Daily Curriculum, and a place for you to leave feedback. TRANSCRIPTClick here to access the transcript of today's CNN Student News program. Please note that there may be a delay between the time when the video is available and when the transcript is published.DAILY CURRICULUMClick here for a printable version of the Daily Curriculum (PDF).Media Literacy Question of the Day: How might a sound knowledge of world history benefit a news reporter? Can you think of other subjects you're studying now that would be important to a journalist?Weekly Newsquiz: The following questions relate to events that were covered this week on CNN Student News. Write your answers in the space provided.1. What is the term for the spot on the earth's surface directly above an earthquake's starting point?2. NASA is asking the public to vote for its favorite redesign of what piece of equipment?3. According to a Stanford study, tens of thousands of what devices placed in the oceans may help reduce the power of some hurricanes?4. What's the term for the total amount of money a student will pay for a year in college, including tuition, living expenses, and books?5. Mary Barra is the CEO of what major U.S. automaker?6. What city is home to the world's busiest airport?7. What World Series champion team visited the White House and met with the president this week?8. This week, a powerful 8.2-magnitude earthquake struck off the coast of what country?9. Harvard, Yale, Brown, Columbia, University of Pennsylvania, Dartmouth, Princeton and Cornell compose what group of colleges known for its academic excellence and social prestige?10. In which direction do gyres rotate in the Southern Hemisphere?CNN Student News is created by a team of journalists and educators who consider the Common Core State Standards, national standards in different subject areas, and state standards when producing the show and curriculum. We hope you use our free daily materials along with the program, and we welcome your feedback on them.FEEDBACKWe're looking for your feedback about CNN Student News. Please use this page to leave us comments about today's program, including what you think about our stories and our resources. Also, feel free to tell us how you use them in your classroom. The educators on our staff will monitor this page and may respond to your comments as well.Thank you for using CNN Student News!Click here to submit your Roll Call request. More from studentnewsCNN Student News - March 4, 2015CNN Student News - 03/04/15CNN Student News - March 3, 2015Powered by Livefyre


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Naruto Shippuden Episode 206
Comments (69)
@ 2011-05-09 03:22 am#61Okay can everyone stop saying Sakura is usless? Cause arent all the Naruto girls? Atleast Sakura is and amazing healer and has enromous strength..AND shes risking her life for Naruto. Ino has NOTHING just a flollow of Sakuras. and Hinata has the Bakugan but she SUCKS at using it. Okay? Naruto loves her for a reason and shes a main character for a reason. Okay? Get over it NaruHina fans.
@ 2011-05-06 08:21 pm#60Okay if you all arent reading the Manga series, i suggest you do so. Sakura didnt get "rejected" Naruto just saw through her lies and knew she wasnt telling the truth. But Sakura has feelings for Naruto and there growing episode by episode, shes finaly realizing Sasuke is PURE EVIL and she doesnt want Naruto to waste his life on somebody that cant be saved and she risks her life to try to kill him so Naruto wont suffer any longer. And Naruto finally realizes that in episode 212-213 and is ready to face Sasuke. And Sakura realizes that she has real feelings for Naurto when he saves her and stands up to Sasuke. So sorry NaruHina/SasuSaku fans.. Naurto and Sakura end up together. Hinata wasnt in the series enough to have a strong connection with Naruto.. and Sasuke.. is no longer a Hidden Leaf Ninga.. Hes evil.
Taiketsu Namikaze
@ 2011-04-14 01:03 am#55Aww Sakura, u bitch, now i wished sasuke had got lucky and killed her because she's annoying and full of it thinking she could kill him. That dude can take kage levels and step on chunin like cockroaches
@ 2011-04-14 12:21 am#54wen s naruto going to start liking hinata?she raelly cool and alot braver than sakura who s always crying
@ 2011-04-12 10:19 pm#52That wasn't the new opening, that was the new ending because it came right before the teaser for the next episode.
Oturan Ikamazu
@ 2011-04-12 03:12 am#50WHEN IS SASUKE GONNA FIGHT NARUTO,THE ANICIPATION IS KILLING ME
@ 2011-04-10 06:32 pm#48I don't hate Sakura for lying to Naruto, but did she really have to step on Kiba's foot? T-T
@ 2011-04-09 10:26 pm#46@tsunademan no she said it hoping naruto will stop chasing sasuke and that sasuke can get killed without naruto going for revenge
@ 2011-04-08 11:41 pm#42New opening T-T I loved Diver... to bad it had to happen during the filler arc... that was a great opening...
@ 2011-04-08 09:21 pm#41im soooooooooooooo delighted 4 da next episodeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee.woooooooooooooooooeeeeeeeeey.
@ 2011-04-08 06:09 pm#38that was weird sakra is a hoe she probly said she loves him cause hinata said it first to naruto?
@ 2011-04-08 04:58 pm#37sakura's wierd :/ .. i think she's just using this to convince naruto not to go after sasuke cuz he'll only get hurt tht way...but it's a very bullshit way of saying tht...specially by hurting him cuz naruto really knows she doesnt *LOVE* him.. anywayz..nyc episode ..
@ 2011-04-08 01:26 pm#36I don't like the new opening song.
But, this episode was good
@ 2011-04-08 06:05 am#31ok what the hell naruto is goin to hopefully c that sakura is a slut and naruto just need to focus on training thats it cause to be honest naruto isnt fully ready to handle sasuka
@ 2011-04-08 05:29 am#30what i think naruto needs to chill a little bit but it kindof hard with his training and sakura need to help naruto not confuse him this is getting good
@ 2011-04-08 03:35 am#28Damn i hate Sakura
i cant bellieve she's actually telling Naruto purely she likes him only because she cant get Sasuke.
Through that retarded confession of lies i hope Naruto finally realizes Sakura is a sad slut and Hinata is the right choice :D
@ 2011-04-08 01:40 am#27this remindes me of ending 8 and another song from bleach I think combined.
@ 2011-04-08 12:04 am#26Ahaha, it looks so weird at the beginning of the second part, and Naruto has no eyes....lolz I'm sorry.
@ 2011-04-07 11:58 pm#25I liked the old songs better the new ones were ok, but I did not likw the beggining as much as ending.
miguel z4
@ 2011-04-07 11:47 pm#23for sakura's plan 2 work she should just sead al the stuff about him being a hero and falling in love nothing more
@ 2011-04-07 10:17 pm#21I liked the end and actually thought it wuz the most interesting part. I the new songs but i liked the old beginning 1 better.
@ 2011-04-07 06:57 pm#17Naruto should have told her that Hinata was dancing on his disco stick now. Watch this whole Killer Bee vs Kisame fight be a "Rocky Balboa" scenerio...next episode...Kisame gets the upper hand and knocks Bee on his ass, then Bee gets some inspirational lyrics for his never ending rap song and comes back ending it with his rock n roll devil horns high in the air and yelling AAAAIIIYAAAAAHH!
@ 2011-04-07 06:06 pm#14the show was awquard and to many lies of sakura big mouth
@ 2011-04-07 05:39 pm#12sakura is such an asshole she is just saying taht see is in love with him because she dont want him to get hurt anymore
@ 2011-04-07 05:26 pm#11cool... sakura love naruto... and naruto wont accept it... wahahaha
@ 2011-04-07 03:09 pm#6That Sakura - Naruto part ruined everything. I hope next ep will be pure battle.