text:
17th Century
Vermeer on loan to Minneapolis
January 16 2015
Picture: Rijksmuseum
Here's a nice story - to celebrate their centennial, the Minneapolis Institute of Arts is planning a series of high-profile loans, and the first is Vermeer's Woman Reading a Letter (on loan from the Rijksmuseum). But to liven things up, the MIA isn't making any early announcement of the loans, just on the morning that the pictures are hanging. I think I prefer things that way - museum PR campaigns can sometimes happen so far ahead of time, that you forget about the event or exhibition by the time it comes around. More here in The Art Newspaper.
One of the MIA loans is a major discovery I was involved with last year. But I have to keep shtum till it's announced.
Update - the Vermeer and the National Gallery's Raphael Madonna of the Pinks are also being lent to the Timken Museum in San Diego. The loans are quid pro quos for Rembrandt loans to the National Gallery's current Late Rembrandt.
'The Girl with the Fake Pearl Earring'.
December 16 2014
Picture: Mauritshuis
A professor of Theoretical Astronomy, Vincent Icke, says the earring on Vermeer's famous subject is from Poundland, or whatever the 17th Century Dutch equivalent was. Guilderland I suppose. Says the Mauritshuis website:
In the December issue of popular science magazine New Scientist, Icke, a professor of Theoretical Astronomy at the University of Leiden, states that the pearl on the ear of the famous Girl with a Pearl Earring by Vermeer, could not have been a real pearl. The way in which a pearl would reflect the light does not match the reflection of the light in the painting, says Icke.
The article by Vincent Icke confirms what we at the Mauritshuis have been thinking and writing about Vermeer's Girl with a Pearl Earring for some time now. In fact, it's one of the most fun facts about this painting. Just like the fact that it was purchased in 1881 by the previous owner at an auction for 2.30 guilders. At the museum, the caption for the painting also mentions the unrealistic size of the pearl. Vincent Icke reaches the same conclusion, but through a very different understanding and research. The Mauritshuis has taken note of his findings with great interest. This illustrates what makes seventeenth-century paintings so interesting to look at: nothing is what it seems.
The Mauritshuis has written previously about the jewel in the ear of Vermeer's girl, saying it was not a true pearl. Indeed, just like the turban, the "pearl" was no daily outfit for Dutch girls in the seventeenth century. Quentin Buvelot (Mauritshuis chief curator) described the painting together with fellow curator Ariane van Suchtelen in the catalogue for an exhibition on highlights of the Mauritshuis in Bologna earlier this year. They then wrote: "Some of the most salient features of Vermeer's painting include the girl's headpiece and the pearl in her ear. The headpiece consists of yellow fabric, with blue fabric on top of it, knotted around her forehead. The yellow-green jacket is painted in such a loose style that it isn't clear which material it's made from. It is probably wool fabric. This garment is often seen as part of the girl's exotic costume, but it is indeed a contemporary jacket. The low-set sleeve and small pleats are typical of the fashion in the 1660s, when this painting was made. The pearl on the girl's ear is remarkably large. Whereas most pearls nowadays come from farms, in the seventeenth century, they were natural ones. Pearls were formed in oyster-like sea mussels. Large pearls were rare and ended up in the hands of the richest people on the planet. In the seventeenth century, cheaper glass pearls, usually from Venice, were also quite common. They were made from glass, which was lacquered to give it a matt finish. Maybe the girl is wearing such a handcrafted 'pearl'."
I think we can generally assume that most of those whopping pearls we see in 17th Century portraits - at least the English ones with which I'm familiar - were 'fake' (sometimes made out of compressed fish scales), or indeed simply artistic creations.
Sleeper alert?
December 4 2014
Picture: Sotheby's
This curious picture, of Icarus and Daedalus, made £332,500 at Sotheby's day sale, against an estimate of just £8,000-£12,000. Catalogued as '18th Century follower of Van Dyck' the picture was in fact a 17th Century work, and also the original of that composition, which is known in a number of copies. The subject was a very popular one in the 17th Century. The picture was engraved in the late 18th Century as by Van Dyck. The condition was disarmingly good, which may have led some to think it was a later copy. I had a good look at the picture on Monday. But I didn't bid on it. I'm not sure who it's by, but I don't think it's Van Dyck. It's someone good though, like a Willeboirts Bosschaert type figure, or one of the many talented figures just downstream of Van Dyck.
Van Dyck discovery at Christie's
November 12 2014
Picture: Christie's
Christie's have unearthed the above, previously unknown head study by Van Dyck, and will offer it for sale in December with an estimate of £200,000-£300,000. It relates to the series of head studies for Van Dyck's now lost portraits of the magistrates of Brussels, which were probably painted in the early 1630s. The study is similar in handling to the two studies in the Ashmolean (here and here), one in a private collection (and formerly with the London dealer Fergus Hall, who discovered it in New York), and the study found recently through the BBC television programme, the Antiques Roadshow, with which I was involved. This last study was offered at Christie's in the summer, but failed to sell with an estimate of £300,000 - £500,000.
Christie's sent me an image of the picture some time ago, and I had little hesitation in agreeing with the attribution. But like the four studies listed above, I suspect we can be fairly sure that the Christie's picture is somewhat unfinished, as there seems to be later overpaint in the drapery and background. The concept of the unfinished picture wasn't nearly as appealing in centuries gone by as it is today, and almost all Van Dyck's head studies (as with many other artists) were finished up by later artists to make them more saleable.
The Christie's catalogue speculates that the newly found study relates to Van Dyck's grisaille in the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris (above), which is all that survives of the artist's commission to paint the Brussels magistracy. In the grisaille, 7 sitters are seen. But we are fast running out of candidates for the head studies to relate to, for the new Christie's study and the Ashmolean heads could be said to candidates for the figures with their heads turned to the right.
However, most people forget that there was another, far larger Brussels magistrates group portrait painted by Van Dyck, for which we have not even a grisaille or drawing to give us an idea what it looked like. Both the large magistrates group and the smaller group related to the grisaille were destroyed in 1695 when French forces bombarded Brussels. The larger portrait had about two dozen sitters. So in fact the surviving studies could relate to either picture.
I'm fairly sure we can add to the five studies above heads such as this example in the Royal Collection. A series of similarly composed heads were worked up into more finished pictures with the addition of painted ovals, probably some time after Van Dyck's death. Some of them feature known magistrates such as Antonio de Tassis, but the majority are of unknown sitters.
Important Van Dyck in Christie's December Old Master sale
November 4 2014
Picture: Christie's
It's now getting to that time of year when people like me begin to obsessively check the websites of Christie's and Sotheby's, to see if their London Old Master sale catalogues are online. Refresh, refresh, refresh...
They're not yet online, but I can tell you that Christie's have secured the above impressive portrait by Van Dyck of the musician Hendrick Liberti, which will carry an estimate of £2.5m to £3.5m. Painted in Antwerp in about 1628, it used to form part of the collection of Charles I, where it was described as 'ye singing man', and hung in the Bear Gallery at Whitehall Palace alongside Van Dyck's similarly dated portrait of Nicholas Lanier, the musician and courtier. It was Lanier's portrait which, in its brilliance, helped make Charles I so determined to secure Van Dyck's services as court painter from 1632 onwards.
Caravaggio 'Card Sharps' - opening arguments
October 28 2014
Picture: TAN
Today's Telegraph reports some of the opening arguments from the Caravaggio/Not Caravaggio 'Card Sharps' case I mentioned yesterday. It reveals two things: first that the vendor's case is that Sotheby's didn't do all the tests he says he asked them to; and secondly, that Sotheby's PR people have come up with the daftest line of defence.
First, here's the outline of the vendor's (Lancelot Thwaytes) case:
In documents now submitted to the High Court hearing, Mr Thwaytes' lawyers criticised the auction house for negligence and claimed they failed to carry out proper tests and consult experts. [...]
Henry Legge QC, representing Mr Thwaytes, told the court the case was a "very simple story", alleging Sotheby's did not do the tests the owner had requested.
"They came back to him and said they had done the X-rays on the painting and said it wasn't Caravaggio, but they didn't do infrared imaging," he said.
"When it was sold the new owner had it cleaned and submitted it to the tests, including infrared and it was subsequently attributed to Caravaggio.
"At the core this is a negligence case, it is about Sotheby's actions and not attribution."
Mr Legge said: "Believing that the painting had been thoroughly and exhaustively researched and was definitely not by Caravaggio, Mr Thwaytes decided to sell it through Sotheby's." [...]
In the written argument Mr Thwaytes' lawyers said: "Mr Thwaytes maintains that Sotheby's failed in its duty to research and advise upon the painting.
"Proper research would have resulted in Sotheby's consulting with experienced conservators and soliciting the opinions of Caravaggio scholars... which would thereby have established... the painting as being by the hand of Caravaggio."
Here we see one of the main weaknesses in Mr. Thwaytes' case. It is not enough for him to prove that Sotheby's were wrong on the attribution, and that the picture is indeed by Caravaggio. The standard auctioneer's terms and conditions agreed to by Mr Thwaytes when he consigned the picture for sale gives Sotheby's considerable scope to get things like attribution wrong, and not be liable for any damages. Instead, he has to show that Sotheby's were negligent - that they screwed up in a spectacular way by not doing even the basics properly. This negligence test has been well established through previous case law, and the bar is quite high.
I have to say it seems to me, at this stage, that Sotheby's were not negligent, especially if they did an X-ray, which is not at all standard procedure when cataloguing Old Master paintings for auction. An x-ray suggests to me that they in fact took the picture more seriously than other comparable cases. Frankly, it's pretty irrelevant whether an infra-red was done too. For many people outside the art world, things like 'Infra-Red' seem far more important and useful than they really are. But it very often doesn't tell you much at all, and I strongly doubt (though we'll have to see) that in this case IR alone proves that the picture is by Caravaggio. I think it almost certain that Sir Denis Mahon made his attribution on the basis of his connoisseurial view; after all, he didn't do IR before the sale.
We also see mention of Sir Denis having the picture cleaned. Well, most people will know that cleaning a picture can reveal a great deal about a work. But it is far from standard practice that a picture is cleaned before being put into a sale. It's a task that can cost many thousands of pounds, and costs pretty much the same whether the picture is a masterpiece or a dud. So it's often a waste of money. One might ask why Mr Thwaytes, if he was so keen to find out whether the picture was by Caravaggio or not, didn't get the picture cleaned himself. Or perhaps at least conduct some cleaning tests.
All this would be much more straightforward if we could be certain that the picture was by Caravaggio. But that is far from the case, given the experts Sotheby's can produce to say it is not by him. I can't see, at this stage, how Sotheby's can reasonably lose the case.
And now for Sotheby's daft defence. From The Telegraph again:
Sotheby's denies any accusation of "negligence, causation and loss", insisting its experts assessed the painting correctly and that "all due skill and diligence" had been applied.
It will argue the painting is "clearly" a replica, citing a range of Caravaggio scholars who support its view.
A spokesman for Sotheby's said: "The catalogue in which the painting was included was distributed among the world's leading curators, art historians, collectors and dealers – had they deemed the attribution different to that given in the catalogue, the price realised would doubtless have reflected that."
Phooey. There's a number of points to make here. The picture was in a minor, Sotheby's 'Olympia' sale. These were mid-season sales, so not held during the main Old Master sales in July and December, when many people in the trade and museum world come to London to see what's being sold. The Olympia catalogues were also cursory affairs, with sometimes thumbnail sized images, and hardly any explanatory text. Also, in those days, the online images weren't always that good. Sotheby's don't have their Olympia saleroom any more, mainly because it was a pain in the arse to get to, and few bothered to make the trek out to Hammersmith. In other words, while it's possible that some of the world's 'leading dealers' may have gone there to sniff out a bargain, it's not true to say that 'the world's leading curators, art historians, collectors and dealers' were all poised to spot the mis-attribution in the catalogue.
And in any case, what sort of a defence is that? Are Sotheby's really saying, well, it's all right if we mess up; your picture will always fetch its true value, because 'the world's leading curators, art historians, collectors and dealers' all pore over every painting they sell? Clearly not. And regular readers will know that sometimes even the most spectacular discoveries can be found hiding in plain sight, and bought for comparatively little. Even at Sotheby's.
Update - a reader rightly notes:
One would think that Sotheby's defense would include the fact that they didn't benefit from the attribution as a copy, and would have benefited from an attribution as an original, but that they have a greater duty to avoid false positives which would mislead a potential buyer than a false negative. Their investment in the painting shouldn't exceed their anticipated revenue from its sale.
If they catalogued the painting as a Caravaggio they are certifying it to some extent which even the current attribution debate won't support according to the news reports.
Update II - another reader writes:
I fail to see the logic of the plaintiff's argument that the case is not about attribution. The plaintiff can only succeed in a negligence action if he proves he has suffered loss. Mere negligence without loss would not give rise to damages. The loss in this case would presumably be the difference in price between the actual sale price and the price if it were a genuine Caravaggio. Proof that the painting is on a balance of probabilities by Caravaggio would therefore be essential.
New Spanish Old Master gallery in County Durham
October 27 2014
Picture: BBC
That's a headline you might not expect to see in these days of cut backs and austerity...
The financier and philanthropist Jonathan Ruffer, who recently acquired the set of Zurbaran's Apostle paintings in Auckland Castle in County Durham (and Auckland Castle too), is to partly fund the creation of a new gallery in Bishop Auckland specialising in 17th Century Spanish art. The gallery will open in an old Barclay's Bank, above.
The idea is to build on the happy accident that County Durham has a wealth of Spanish 17th Century art, with institutions such as the Bowes Museum, Rokeby Hall, and Raby Castle all having strong collections from that period. Ruffer also wants overseas institutions like the Prado to lend works from their reserve collections too. It seems, wonderfully, that the Prado is keen to do so. So well done Mr Ruffer (and somebody give that man a knighthood). More details here.
A new Van Dyck attribution at the Scottish National Gallery
October 23 2014
Picture: Scottish National Gallery
I'm pleased to be able to tell you that the above picture has recently gone on display at the Scottish National Gallery here in Edinburgh as a work by Sir Anthony Van Dyck. It had previously been regarded as a studio work. The portrait shows Ambrogio Spinola (1569-1630), the great Italian-born general who commanded the Spanish Habsburg armies in the Netherlands during the Dutch Revolt.
There has long been a 'Spinola' gap in Van Dyck's iconography. We know from an engraving by Lucas Vorsterman (above, example from Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco) that Van Dyck did once paint Spinola at some point, and there is also a quick drawing by Van Dyck (below, Musée Atger, Montpellier). However, the 2004 Van Dyck catalogue raisonné of Van Dyck's works only lists portraits of Spinola in the 'A' section of catalogue, denoting that the original picture was presumed lost.
The 2004 catalogue mentions many Van Dyck-like portraits of Spinola (as we might expect for such a famous sitter, Van Dyck's original portrait was much copied). The most important of these include; a full-length studio variant in the Hebsacker Collection in Germany (above, apologies for the image quality) and a three-quarter length version formerly at Cornbury Park in Oxfordshire (below). The latter was sold at Christie's in 2001 as 'Van Dyck and Studio'. But personally, I suspect it is more 'studio' than 'Van Dyck' - it looks a little hard in the handling.*
I would also place in the same 'studio' category another full-length variant in a private collection in Madrid (below, and discussed here by Matias Diaz Padron of the Prado in 2008, who labels it 'Van Dyck' in full.)
But I think we can be sure that the Edinburgh picture is in fact the missing original by Van Dyck. In the 2004 catalogue raisonné (see entry no.III.A.25), the picture was described as what 'would seem to be a studio variant' of the full-length in the Hebsacker Collection. The wording might suggest that the author of that section of the catalogue, Horst Vey, didn't actually see the Edinburgh painting in the flesh. But crucially, as Vey notes, the Edinburgh picture is the only version which accords with the drawing by Van Dyck; the sitter's left hand rests on a helmet placed on a table beside him. In the Hebsacker picture, the ex-Cornbury picture and the Madrid picture, Spinola rests his arm on his sword (and, one might say, a little awkwardly too).
I went to see the picture in the Scottish National Gallery stores earlier this year, after I was kindly invited to do so by Dr Tico Seifert, the Gallery's Senior Curator of Northern European Art. We'd been discussing the picture after I saw an image of it on the ever-valuable Your Paintings website (the picture is not listed on the Scottish National Gallery's own site), and wondered if this was a picture that had been unjustly downgraded at some point. A number of areas in the picture struck me as having great quality, in particular the head, the sitter's left hand, and much of the armour. The head conveys all the human authority one would expect from a great portraitist - perhaps you can see from the images here how much more impressive the head is than the apparently studio versions. The armour is painted with great dextrousness, conveying an impression of finely wrought, hand-beaten metal. The hand is finely weighted, and painted with assured, wet-in-wet strokes. The technique is free and spirited, betraying all the confidence of an artist painting something for the first time, rather than a studio assistant making a copy or a variant. Under bright lights, we noticed a number of small changes, or pentimenti, which also argued for the picture being the first of its type (though these are not in themselves always evidence of autograph status – sometimes it's just copyists making a bish). After further analysis, Dr Seifert (who has a track record of making discoveries in the Scottish National Gallery, see here) and the Scottish National Gallery became more and more confident that the picture is indeed by Van Dyck.
I suspect the reason the picture became doubted is because of its condition. It is a little abraded in places, especially the main body of the armour (which would have been painted with darker, softer pigments more vulnerable to 'cleaning'). And the picture is also rendered slightly unreadable by a rather opaque old varnish. I can't be sure at this stage, but it seems to me, even viewing the picture inside its frame, that it might well have been cut down from a full-length. Three things make me think this; the first is the abrupt ending of the sitter's right hand; the second is evidence of significant disruption to the canvas along the bottom edge, as if that area was once either damaged and repaired, or resting on the cross-beam of an old, larger stretcher; the third reason is what appears at first to be the awkward rendering of the sitter's armour at the bottom of the picture, over his thighs – the gap in the armour between the legs is facing too far around towards the left-hand side of the picture to properly match up with the torso. But this mis-alignment (which we wouldn't expect to see in portrait Van Dyck began as a half-length) is understandable if we know that the picture would have originally been a full-length, according to the drawing, in which the sitter's legs and feet are pointing more towards the viewer, while his body, head and arm are turned more towards the table. Any future conservation work carried out by the SNG would help determine this further.
The picture must have been executed very soon after Van Dyck returned to the Netherlands from Italy, in late 1627, for on 3rd January 1628 Spinola left the Netherlands. As we might expect, the picture betrays elements of Van Dyck's Italian-period style (with quite high-pitch, almost pastel-like colouring in the face) with the slightly glazier aspect of what we call his 'second Antwerp' period (the years 1627-1632, or thereabouts, being his second professional period in Antwerp before he left for London). The picture's provenance is from the Palazzo Gentile in Genoa (which I think has Spinola connections), where Spinola headed to when he left the Netherlands. Previously, Van Dyck had painted both his son and daughter in Genoa.
* Probably Christie's were influenced by the then most recent catalogue raisonneé of Van Dyck's works, by Erik Larsen (pub.1988), but which was, er, somewhat inaccurate.
Rembrandt: 3 re-attributions in Berlin
October 16 2014
Pictures: Berlin Gemaldegalerie
I'm not finding it easy to track down a comprehensive list of the 70 pictures that Dr Ernst van de Wetering of the Rembrandt Research Project has re-attributed to Rembrandt - but here's an article in the Berliner Zeitung about three pictures Ernst has endorsed in the Gemaldegalerie.
First, and most excitingly, the 'Man with a Red Hat', above, is now back in the oeuvre. I'm surprised it was ever out. What a picture.
Secondly, a Self-portrait (above, no details available on the Gemaldegalerie website), previously thought to perhaps be by Govaert Flinck, is also now recognised as being by Rembrandt.
Thirdly, we have the above Portrait of a Woman, Probably Saskia van Ullenburg, back in the fold.
However, it seems that 'Man with a Golden Helmet' (above, again, not on the Gemaldegalerie website), which was once thought to be one of Rembrandt's finest works, is still not seen as a work by him. Personally, I like it. I prefer it to the Self-portrait and Portrait of a Woman here.
More Rembrandt re-attributions as I get them.
Update - the more I think about this, the more curious I think it is that the National Gallery, for their new exhibition, didn't choose to work more closely with Ernst van de Wetering. What an opportunity it was to really shake up what we know about Rembrandt's later works, and to look afresh at some of his unjustly ignored pictures. I can't help thinking (but I may be totally wrong) that this is why the great Ernst has chosen this moment to unveil his own work on Rembrandt's later career; to remind us of his own dedication to Rembrandt.
I thought (but again may be totally wrong) that it was similarly curious that the National Gallery, when it had its Leonardo show in 2012, didn't make more use of the renowned Leonardo scholar Martin Kemp. Are such cases evidence of the sometimes strained relationship between those working within museums, and the wider academic community? And is this because it tends to be the latter, the dedicated specialists, who more frequently put their heads above the parapet when it comes to making attributions?
Update II - Walter Straten writes from Berlin to correct my reading of the Zeitung's article (my German's a bit flimsy these days); the Portrait of a Woman was apparently flagged as a likely Rembrandt some years ago, and the news from Berlin is that the Gemaldegalerie's Portrait of an Old Man (also not on the museum's website) is now attributed to Rembrandt by Ernst van de Wetering. Walter kindly sends the below photo. Walter is, incidentally, the sports editor of Bild, and also has a keen interest in the Old Masters. So he writes on both sport and art history for Bild. Are there many better jobs in journalism?
Newly discovered Wtewael on show in London
September 22 2014
Picture: National Gallery
A newly discovered painting by Joachim Wtewael has gone on display at the National Gallery in London. The picture, a Raising of Lazarus painted c.1605-10, had lain unnoticed and without attribution at Wycombe Museum in Buckinghamshire, until it was suggested by a specialist at Bonhams that Wtewael might be the artist. The picture was then sent to the National Gallery for cleaning, and it will now be on show there for ten years. You can see a pre-restoration image here, on Your Paintings.
The picture is 'Painting of the Month' for October, and you can read more about the picture here.
I don't know who the Bonhams specialist was - well done whoever you are!
'Rembrandt - the Late Works'
July 9 2014
Picture: National Gallery
The National Gallery have released details of their forthcoming Rembrandt show. It opens 15th October, and runs till 18th January 2015. there will be 40 paintings by the great man. More here and here.
It looks like their newly elevated 'Portrait of an Old Man in an Armchair' (at least, elevated by the Rembrandt Research Project) won't be in the show, however. Which is a little strange. Why not hang it in the show next to other late works (perhaps as 'attributed to'), and see how it fits in? I had a good look at it the other day, and couldn't find myself disagreeing with Ernst van der Wetering's new conclusion.
For sale - 'the earliest Vermeer' (ctd.)
July 9 2014
Picture: Christie's
The 'earliest Vermeer' I reported on last month sold last night at Christie's for £6.2m (incl. premium). Congrats to them, and the new owner. A fuller update on the sales follows when the week is over.
The vicar's Van Dyck (ctd.)
July 8 2014
Picture: Christie's
The Van Dyck found on the Antiques Roadshow will be up for sale tonight at Christie's. What will it make? Send me your best guess. The estimate is £300,000-£500,000. I reckon it'll make between £400k-£450k hammer. I have no inside information.
Update - a reader writes:
I think it will top £500,000 since this is a rare opportunity to buy a Van Dyck at what many will view as a great discount over the normal offerings. Besides it's a wonderful piece of art with a great story.
Update II - another reader punts:
I think the head will sell for £350-385,000,beautifully painted,but due to it's state,it's appeal to buyers will be limited...
Update III - it didn't sell! I'm surprised. Maybe an after sale offer will be made.
Poussin rescue plan fails to fly
July 3 2014
Picture: ACE
Sad news that a last-minute attempt by 'a consortium of regional museums' (according to the Arts Council) has failed to raise the £14m required to keep Poussin's 'Moses trampling the Pharoah's Crown' in the UK. The picture had been sold by the Duke of Beford to an overseas buyer, and now the export will go ahead. The good news is that the UK is still flush when it comes to great Poussins. And with three more of the Duke of Rutland's remaining Sacraments potentially available (he's sold two in the last two years), there will still be plenty of opportunities for UK museums to acquire more Poussins.
June 4 2014
Picture: The Guardian/Fitzwilliam
Restorers at the Fitzwilliam museum have discovered a whale beneath 18th Century overpaint on Hendrick van Anthonissen's View of Scheveningen Sands. More here from Maeve Kennedy in The Guardian. Below is the 'before' picture.
Louvre basement Poussin find
June 4 2014
Picture: Louvre
Didier Rykner of La Tribune de l'Art reports that the former director of the Louvre Pierre Rosenberg has decided that the above Venus & Mars, which belongs to the museum but has been thought to be a copy after Poussin since the 19th Century, is in fact by the master himself. More details here.
The vicar's Van Dyck
May 30 2014
Picture: Christie's
A head study by Van Dyck discovered on The Antiques Roadshow, and which was originally bought by a priest in an antiques shop in Nantwich for £400, will be sold this summer by Christie's. The estimate will be £400,000-£500,000.
The picture was first spotted by Fiona Bruce on the show, who was up on all things Van Dyck after making an episode of Fake or Fortune? about Van Dyck's lost portrait of Henrietta Maria. She recognised the picture's Van Dyck-ian hallmarks, and then arranged for Philip Mould and I to see Father Jamie MacLeod's picture in London. The picture had been almost entirely overpainted by a later restorer, and over the next few months the later paint was gradually removed. The newly revealed, unfinished portrait was painted by Van Dyck as a study for his now lost group portrait, the Magistrates of Brussels.
Where are the women in art? (ctd.)
May 21 2014
Picture: Philip Mould
Following my post yesterday on the question of women artists, I wonder if (plug alert) you would allow me to mention a recent, home-grown discovery of the above work by Mary Beale. It turned up in some rural sale recently, as 'English School'. Beale can be said to be Britain's first commercially successful female artist, and secured a quite a wide circle of patronage. She was encouraged by Sir Peter Lely, among others.
The above picture, a Penitent Magdalene, was mentioned by Beale's husband, Charles Beale, in a list of her paintings 'done from the life', and was painted in the early 1670s. The art historian George Vertue (praised be him) noted that the sitter was 'Moll Trioche - a yong woman'. Moll was doubtless related to Kate Trioche, who was one of Beale's models and assistants, and who is thought to appear in this painting at Tate Britain.
The picture relates to two intriguing drawings at the British Museum, which are today attributed to Mary's son, Charles Jr. (also an artist), though previously the drawings were thought to be by Mary (personally, I think some of them still might be). One of the drawings seems to suggest that when sitting for this picture, Moll Trioche must have fallen asleep, for a little urchin is seen sticking something up her nose.
More details on the picture can be found here on the Philip Mould website.
PS - I see from the provenance of the Tate picture that was discovered by Philip in 1991.
Update - Richard Stephens, creator and editor of pioneering site The Art World in Britain 1660-1735, sends this interesting information:
In the 17th & 18th century Britain there were plenty of women in the art trade, just not always as painters. Jacob Simon wrote a blog entry about female frame makers and gilders, which is here:
And you could make much the same points about picture dealing. In the early modern period it was not at all uncommon to find widows carrying on their late husbands' trade as picture sellers - their families still needed money to eat, after all. Working was hardly ever a matter of personal fulfilment like it is so often nowadays. Indeed, so far as the evidence allows for such a generalisation, I'd say it was even normal for women to sell pictures after theri husbands died and doubtless they played their part in the business while their husbands were still living. Some women dealers whose names spring to mind are Elizabeth Turner (d.1732/3), wife of Captain Henry Turner who was based at the Palace of Westminster in the early 18th century; Elizabeth Davis (died 1714), wife of engraver and dealer Edward Davis; Margaret Hay, wife of painter/dealer Andrew Hay; and the widow of copyist and picture seller Henry Peart (died 1700), who ended up selling her stock to the 1st Earl of Bristol in return for an annual pension. The Pearts were neighbours of the Beales in Pall Mall as you know.
In the records of the Painter Stainers company at this time one finds women-only workshops too, although it's never clear what trade they were carrying on.
Exclusive - Sleeper alert!
May 18 2014
Picture: Lempertz
The above 'Nederlandischer Meister' picture, estimated at just EUR15,000-EUR18,000, sold yesterday in Germany for EUR1.3m. An explanation as to why probably lies in the fact that, as the catalogue noted, several faces in the background appear in the oeuvre of one Rembrandt. What the catalogue didn't point out is that one of these, top right, in fact shows Rembrandt himself. You can zoom in on the image here.
If it is by him (and I've no idea, as it's outside my rather limited field), it must be an early work. It used to be called Flinck. Needless to say, I didn't pay the picture any attention at all in the catalogue. Whoops...
Update - a reader writes:
What makes the Lempertz picture an odd candidate for being by RHL is that it is on canvas, while all history paintings by Rembrandt and Lievens from their Leiden period are on panel. The figure at the left derives from Rembrandt's painting in Lyon from 1625, which was discovered by Horst Gerson in 1962.
Update II - a reader corrects the above, and supplies us with further information:
Have to be pedanty with reader above - Lievens Raising of Lazarus is most def on canvas...
This Lempertz painting relates to some sketches in the British Museum attributed to Nicholas Maes which are also thought studies for the National Gallery's Christ blessing the Children by Maes (all of which were formerly attributed to Rembrandt).
There are some sketches attributed to Hoogstraten at the RKD and other sketches (read the British Museum curator notes) that relate more to the Lempertz picture.
Another sleuthing reader suggests an alternative attribution:
A very fine Claes Moeyaert, see comparison [below]... Moeyaert was also a partner of Uylenburgh, RHL's dealer and friend. Background figures show other familiar faces. A daring purchase...
The value of dirt
April 30 2014
Picture: Christie's (left), Sotheby's (right)
We've just had a round of rather uninspiring Old Master sales here in London. I haven't noticed any special prices to report, on the sleeper front. However, I was interested to see that the above portrait in oil on copper by Gonzales Coques sold at Sotheby's for £16,250. This was some seven years after it sold at Christie's in Paris for a whopping EUR78,000. So someone has presumably taken quite a hit...
Why the dramatic price difference? Well, first, as we say in the trade, 'cleaning is the friend of a good picture, and the enemy of a bad one'. The cleaned picture, as seen this week at Sotheby's, isn't an especially bad one. But it's fair to say that it's not as enticing as the pre-cleaning, Christie's image might have led one to believe.
Then there's the question of whether it's better to enter a picture into a sale cleaned or 'dirty'. I'm often asked by consignors whether they should restore a picture before sending it to auction, and the answer is - rarely. Despite the auction houses' best efforts to work against art dealers, it is still the case that dealers underpin most prices at auction, particularly for the middle market. So when the Coques was at Christie's in 2007 its dirty and alluring state would have appealed to the trade, who, in taking a risk on the painting in its unclear condition and then restoring it, could be seen to have added value to the sale price which, in this era of online prices, anyone could easily look up. The dirty picture, therefore, would have been a good piece of stock for dealers to buy, and consequntly the number of potential bidders went up, and the price was high. I know it was bought by a major European dealer, whom I shan't name.
This time round, alas, there would have been no trade buyers for such a shiny bright work, and so the price achieved was much less. It's still the same picture of course. Which value was more appropriate? I don't know. But the moral of the story is, keep your picture's dirty (most of the time).


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The Bones Tour Dates 2014
date city state venue 06/23/2014 Koln NW Die Werkstatt 06/20/2014 Clisson Loire-atlantique Val de Moine 04/12/2014 Dortmund North Rhine-westphal Westfalenhalle 2 The Bones Tour Dates 2013
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date city state venue 12/12/2012 West Hollywood CA The Roxy Theatre 12/01/2012 Hannover NI Faust - 60er Jahre Halle

subset: commoncrawl


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Former detective Lacey Flint quit the force for a safer, quieter life. Or that's what she thought. Now living alone on her houseboat, she is trying to get over the man she loves, undercover detective Mark Joesbury. But Mark is missing in action and impossible to forget. And danger won't leave Lacey alone. When she finds a body floating in the river near her home, wrapped in burial cloths, she can't resist asking questions. Who is this woman, and why was she hidden in the fast-flowing depths? And who has been delivering unwanted gifts to Lacey? Someone is watching Lacey Flint closely. Someone who knows exactly what makes her tick.
©2014 Sharon Bolton (P)2014 Isis Publishing Ltd, Random House Audiobooks
Addicted to Audible
"Audible please get the rest of the series"
Well written with good dialog. Very well narrated by Lisa Coleman. It would be great to listen to the earlier books.
I like mysteries (particularly British ones, historical fiction and nonfiction, science fiction and fantasy.
"Be Careful What You Ask For--"
Lacey has given up her career as a high flyer in CID and joined the Thames River Police. She's living an a boat moored to a Marina. But she does not stay away from high risk behavior, and this also causes her to find the body of a young woman wrapped in a linen shroud and tangled in some pilings. But this isn't the only body that has been discovered and Lacey is drawn into the investigation on a semi-official basis.
After this exciting start, though, things get a bit slow and I'm not the secondary plot about Mark Joesbury doesn't really seem to contribute to the main story. The situation picks up again with some harrowing story telling near the end, but there is definitely a mid book slump.
I fell in love with Sharon (S. J.) Bolton's audio books 3 or 4 years ago. The major problem was that they were only available in audio in the UK. So every so often I would drop an email to Audible suggesting that they look into bringing her to the US site. I was delighted to see this book when I was browsing the new releases and immediately bought it.
Only unfortunately it is not her best work and it's the fourth book into the Lacy Flint series which means some readers are going to be a bit confused. And frankly the way that the first few chapters bounce around in time made it a bit confusing to me at times.
Lacey has a very complicated and interesting back story. If the reader hasn't read at least the first two books then the visit to the prison and the relationship with Mark Joesbury are kind of floating out there, along with several cryptic comments about Lacey by other characters in the book. In her prior books in this series Bolton managed to control her story to the point that each would novel work as a stand alone. In this case I don't think she handles it as well.
So now Audible, can you please try to get audio rights to retail Bolton's other books? I would buy copies from you, I promise.
"Jumping the shark, I hope not."
I've always liked the characters in this series but this book went a bit odd.
Yeah, I think she's a talent.
... a kind of detached feisty sadness. Not unlike Lacey Flint herself.
Sadly I couldn't wait for it to end. I tried to like it and there were glimmers.
Crabs? Toy boats? Overly convenient deaths. Mermaids? It felt far-fetched. And, err, crabs?? It felt like SJ Bolton rushed this a bit. It felt like certain thoughts weren't completed, that explanations for behaviours and events weren't realistic. Such a shame because I have really enjoyed the Lacey Flint series so far but this, book 4, is something of a washout. I have hope for book 5 though and want to hear more about the interesting Lacey character and her back story which still has to be revealed. Also, Sharon, if you're reading this, make the next one a bit more colourful and less grim please? x
"A bit of a slog!"
I found this book a little winded. Got a bit confused with the characters.Liked her other books better or maybe it was me not able to lose myself in it
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But this crisis isn't cyclical. It's about a gigantic misallocation of resources amid a catastrophic misestimation of risk. The prior economy isn't going to come back in its old form. Why is noone asking how we'll accelerate the redeployment of resources and the reskilling that the new balance must inevitably require. Is anyone even asking where the construction workers, financiers, autoworkers, and real estate workers will work?
THE unemployment rate announced today came as little surprise. But the picture looks more interesting when you look at where jobs are being lost. Unemployment in construction is 21.1% and manufacturing is 12.1% (a little higher for manufacturing of durable goods). That is worrying because job losses in these areas are more structural than cyclical. Manufacturing has been in a slow decline for decades and there exists an excess supply of homes and commercial real estate. This means that many construction and manufacturing jobs will not be coming back, even in recovery. Many of these workers must switch fields and be retrained. How and with what resources we can retrain these workers will become a very important policy question. This is an issue that has not gotten nearly enough attention.
What may be unexpected is that unemployment in financial services is well below the national average—just 6.8%. The popular perception, at least outside of New York, is that there are no jobs in finance; Wall Street is clogged with people looking for work. The loose job market in finance is often used to justify the government's meddling with finance pay and the hopelessly misguided decision to make hiring workers who require H1-B visas more difficult. The unemployment rate suggests that finance has fewer people looking for work than most industries.
Of course, finance did pay better than most industries and many banks offer generous severance packages. So some laid off finance workers are able to afford time off from the job market. Also banks are not a fun place to work at the moment, and probably won't be for a very long time. And many of these finance workers have undergone a career change. It looks like the government is hiring.
(HT: Michael Mandel)


text:
"Any test that turns on what is offensive to the community's standards is too loose, too capricious, too destructive of freedom of expression to be squared with the First Amendment. Under that test, juries can censor, suppress, and punish what they don't like, provided the matter relates to "sexual impurity" or has a tendency "to excite lustful thoughts." This is community censorship in one of its worst forms."
William Orville Douglas
"In a developing country like Ghana, the issue about standardized testing is not different, because a Ghanaian student who does not pass English, math, and integrated science can never further his education either in a college or any tertiary institution."
Raymond Obeng
"Creative powers can just as easily turn out to be destructive. It rests solely with the moral personality whether they apply themselves to good things or to bad. And if this is lacking, no teacher can supply it or take its place."
Carl Gustav Jung
"The greatest tragedy in America is not the destruction of our natural resources, though that tragedy is great. The truly great tragedy is the destruction of our human resources by our failure to fully utilize our abilities, which means that most men and women go to their graves with their music still in them."
Oliver Wendell Holmes
"He who fears is literally delivered to destruction."
Howard Thurman
"The court took a standard that was intelligible, easy to apply and turned it into something that is subjective, abstract and impressionistic."
Laughlin McDonald
"Both in the case of Wired and the Standard, they didn't turn out the way he hoped. The things he's doing now are very much his things, and he has the ability to pursue them on his own terms, to show what he really can and can't do with them."
Jonathan Weber


text:
1 North Avenue, Garden City, NY 11530 , United States of America – Show map
Great helpful staff
United States of America
The staff were immediately attentive. The breakfasts were more than expected. For our need, its location to the Meadowbrook pkwy was ideal.
United States of America
Near shopping, restaurants & parkways. Professional, courteous, helpful staff. Nice variety of Breakfast items.
United States of America
Friendly & helpful staff Free hot breakfast Quiet Free Parking Good water pressure in shower
United States of America
Near to beaches, shopping, and recreation.
United States of America
I enjoy my stay at all the Hampton Inn's for all the reasons above. thank you again for continuing such nice service and most of all how clean they all are, at least all the ones I have ever stayed in.
United States of America
Pleasant surprise. This place was clean and friendly. Everyone at this hotel was so courteous and helpful. I really enjoyed it here and I'll be back.
United States of America
Close to restaurants and Coffee shops Friendly staff who are very accommodating
United States of America
Convenient check-in and check-out, and parking. Room was very clean, modern and comfortable. Would definitely recommend.
United States of America
The outdoor patio was lovely. Truly nice place to relax.
United States of America
This Long Island hotel has a year-round indoor pool and offers breakfast to guests. The Hampton Inn Garden City is just minutes from Roosevelt Field, one of world's largest shopping malls.
All rooms in the hotel have a work desk, microwave and refrigerator and ironing facilities. Larger rooms with a sofa bed in a separate seating area are also available. There's free cable on flat-screen TVs in all rooms, and Wi-Fi and wired Internet access is free throughout the hotel.
Breakfast is available to enjoy in the hotel or to take away. Along with the pool, the Garden City Hampton Inn has a fitness room for guest use, a business center and comfortable seating in the 24-hour lobby.
The Long Island Rail Road, which offers 30-minute trips into Manhattan, is less than one mile from the hotel. Hofstra University, Mitchel Air Force Base and Nassau Veterans Memorial Coliseum are 3 miles away.
We speak your language! Hotel Rooms: 137, Hotel Chain: Hampton Hotels. This property has been on Booking.com since Apr 1, 2011.
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Fitness Center, Indoor Pool, Indoor Pool (all year)
WiFi is available in all areas and is free of charge.
Wired internet is available in all areas and is free of charge.
Free public parking is available on site (reservation is not needed).
Vending Machine (drinks), 24-Hour Front Desk, Laundry, Dry Cleaning, Meeting/Banquet Facilities, Business Center, Fax/Photocopying
Newspapers, Non-smoking Rooms, Facilities for Disabled Guests, Elevator, Heating
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Up to two children under 18 years stay free of charge when using existing beds.
Up to two older children or adults stay free of charge when using existing beds.
One older child or adult is charged USD 20 per night in an extra bed.
One child under 2 years stays free of charge in a crib.
The maximum number of extra beds/cribs in a room is 1.
Any type of extra bed or crib is upon request and needs to be confirmed by management.
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Based on 66 reviews
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This New York Long Island hotel is a 12-minute drive from Jones Beach State Park and the Atlantic Ocean. It serves continental breakfast and offers guest rooms with free Wi-Fi.
Score from 45 reviews
Featuring a Zen-inspired full-service spa, this New York hotel is a 2-minute walk from the Westbury Music Fair. This feng shui hotel offers on-site dining and spacious rooms with free Wi-Fi.
Score from 120 reviews
Hampton Inn Jericho - Westbury This Jericho, New York hotel offers on-site dining and free high-speed internet access. State University College at Old Westbury and Interstate 495 are minutes from the hotel.
Score from 30 reviews
Very good
Featuring on-site dining, an indoor pool and a hot tub, this Westbury hotel is a 6-minute drive from the Long Island Children's Museum. Free-Wi-Fi is included.
Score from 32 reviews
Very good
The staff were immediately attentive. The breakfasts were more than expected. For our need, its location to the Meadowbrook pkwy was ideal.
The staff was friendly and helpful. The breakfast was good with lots of choices.
Renovations during our stay.
Free WiFi was fast enough and reliable. The rooms are very well maintained and clean. All common areas were excellent. Eventhough we did not use the indoors pool, it seemed to be in excellent condition. Free breakfast was very good with nice variety.
Nothing, everything was perfect.
The room was filthy. We found a previous person's trash and garbage on the side of the chair and what was worse was the bathroom towel shelves had LAYERS of dust and filth. I took a towel off the shelf and the outline of the towel was apparent with the amount of dust. The bottom shelf had no towels and the dust was thick enough to write your name it. Very disappointing. We have stayed at Hampton Inns before and never had an experience like that before.
Near shopping, restaurants & parkways. Professional, courteous, helpful staff. Nice variety of Breakfast items.
Guests are allowed to go barefoot in the breakfast area where food is being served. Signs should be posted about this potential safety & health hazard.
The huge shower in the king room. The really clean comforter. The new carpet in the halls. The very clean carpet in the room. The rolling table and the large leather bench seat in the king room. The extra comfy bed. Good breakfast.
My wife and I stayed at this Hampton Inn two years ago. It is somewhat difficult to locate even with using a GPS as there are TWO (2) North Streets in the area. (One is in Hyde Park and the other is the hotel location.) We stayed for a week and our room was on the 4th floor which was very quite. The room was clean and well attended by the housekeeping staff. The included breakfast was adequate and well presented, and the front desk staff were always friendly and helpful. Will stay again when we return next year.
Wi-Fi signal was very weak in the hotel. Should have a hotel sign on East Gate Blvd to help with directions to Hampton Inn.
Location Staff
Breakfast seems a bit less quality than previous stays.
Friendly & helpful staff Free hot breakfast Quiet Free Parking Good water pressure in shower
Rooms a little small A little hard to find (behind the taller Hyatt Place)
Near to beaches, shopping, and recreation.
Noisy Soccer Team.
Polite personal, Clean rooms, Good WiFi, Not far from train station, A lot of shopping centers around hotel. Hotel helps with shuttle to JFK.
Surroundings used to be good but going worth rapidly. Shopping centers are going worth too. It's impossible to open window in the room.
I enjoy my stay at all the Hampton Inn's for all the reasons above. thank you again for continuing such nice service and most of all how clean they all are, at least all the ones I have ever stayed in.
Pleasant surprise. This place was clean and friendly. Everyone at this hotel was so courteous and helpful. I really enjoyed it here and I'll be back.
Very friendly receptionist on our arrival. Large comfortable room with well maintained and tidy ensuite. Good toiletries and towels provided.
Breakfast was a bit limited in choice
Room large, clean, comfortable. Breakfast was very good.
Location a bit industrial.
Close to restaurants and Coffee shops Friendly staff who are very accommodating
Sometimes can hear guests in other rooms The bathroom light switch always gives me trouble (just an annoyance)
The room did not have a safety deposit box. That seems strange for the type of hotel and rate, I travel with items I did not want to worry about the security. I most say my items that was left back in the room was very much secure. Thank you
For the purpose of visiting universities the location was ideal. Great Malls and eating facilities very near by. The rooms were ok with two good size double beds. The complimentary teas coffees and fruit were a nice touch.
However the huge crack covered by tape and the lack of fresh soaps was a bit of a let down and being overcharged by $100 was not endearing. But I absolutely draw the line at having to eat a very sub standard continental breakfast on polystyrene plates with plastic knives, forks and spoons! Cannot stay here again!!!
Convenient check-in and check-out, and parking. Room was very clean, modern and comfortable. Would definitely recommend.
the room
the location - the zip code through bookings.com was incorrect took 2 extra hours to find it. Breakfast seating areas and bins needed more attention - food on carpets is not a good look. Also, general advice from staff was invariably incorrect
Room was spacious, bright and comfortable. Liked bathroom w/walk-in shower.
Missed not having even a coffee shop on premises.
The outdoor patio was lovely. Truly nice place to relax.
Sad no hot tub would he a great addition.
Cleanliness of the facility and comfort of the bed. Front desk staff were very accomodating. Mateo went out of his way to help find a nearby restaurant for me that was open on Sunday.
1 hair was left in the shower from previous guest.


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Publications (28)211.67 Total impact
Article: Genetic counselor opinions of, and experiences with telephone communication of BRCA1/2 test results.
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: BRCA1/2 test disclosure has, historically, been conducted in-person by genetics professionals. Given increasing demand for, and access to, genetic testing, interest in telephone and Internet genetic services, including disclosure of test results, has increased. Semi-structured interviews with genetic counselors were conducted to determine interest in, and experiences with telephone disclosure of BRCA1/2 test results. Descriptive data are summarized with response proportions. One hundred and ninety-four genetic counselors completed self-administered surveys via the web. Although 98% had provided BRCA1/2 results by telephone, 77% had never provided pre-test counseling by telephone. Genetic counselors reported perceived advantages and disadvantages to telephone disclosure. Thirty-two percent of participants described experiences that made them question this practice. Genetic counselors more frequently reported discomfort with telephone disclosure of a positive result or variant of uncertain significance (p < 0.01) than other results. Overall, 73% of participants reported interest in telephone disclosure. Many genetic counselors have provided telephone disclosure, however, most, infrequently. Genetic counselors identify potential advantages and disadvantages to telephone disclosure, and recognize the potential for testing and patient factors to impact patient outcomes. Further research evaluating the impact of testing and patient factors on cognitive, affective, social and behavioral outcomes of alternative models of communicating genetic information is warranted.Clinical Genetics 09/2010; 79(2):125-31. · 3.65 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: BRCAPRO, a BRCA mutation carrier prediction model, was developed on the basis of studies in individuals of Ashkenazi Jewish and European ancestry. We evaluated the performance of the BRCAPRO model among clinic-based minority families. We also assessed the clinical utility of mutation status of probands (the first individual tested in a family) in the recommendation of BRCA mutation testing for other at-risk family members. A total of 292 minority families with at least one member who was tested for BRCA mutations were identified through the Breast Cancer Family Registry and the University of Chicago. Using the BRCAPRO model, the predicted likelihood of carrying BRCA mutations was generated. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were calculated. There were 104 African American, 130 Hispanic, 37 Asian-American, and 21 other minority families. The AUC was 0.748 (95% CI, 0.672 to 0.823) for all minorities combined. There was a statistically nonsignificant trend for BRCAPRO to perform better in Hispanic families than in other minority families. After taking into account the mutation status of probands, BRCAPRO performance in additional tested family members was improved: the AUC increased from 0.760 to 0.902. The findings support the use of BRCAPRO in pretest BRCA mutation prediction among minority families in clinical settings, but there is room for improvement in ethnic groups other than Hispanics. Knowledge of the mutation status of the proband provides additional predictive value, which may guide genetic counselors in recommending BRCA testing of additional relatives when a proband has tested negative.Journal of Clinical Oncology 03/2009; 27(8):1184-90. · 17.88 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To examine the experience, comprehension and perceptions of learning of a parent's BRCA mutation during adolescence and early adulthood, and explore the impact on offspring's physical and psychosocial well-being. Semi-structured interviews were completed with 22 adult offspring who learned of their parent's BRCA mutation prior to age 25 years. Data were summarized using qualitative methods and response proportions. Offspring reports of the content shared varied; discussion of cancer risks and offspring genetic testing were described more frequently than risk modification strategies. The majority of offspring reported a good understanding of the information shared and no negative aspects for learning this information. Some offspring reported changing their health behaviors after learning of the familial mutation; many tobacco users stopped smoking. Offspring interest in genetic counseling surrounding parent disclosure and genetic testing during adulthood were high. Some offspring understand and respond adaptively to early communication of a genetic risk for cancer, and disclosure may foster improved health behaviors during adolescence and young adulthood. Further research is necessary to evaluate how offspring conceptualize and utilize genetic risk and to identify the biopsychosocial factors predictive of adaptive/maladaptive responses to early disclosure of hereditary risk for adult cancer.Psycho-Oncology 09/2008; 18(2):200-8. · 4.04 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Translational research data are generated in multiple research domains from the bedside to experimental laboratories. These data are typically stored in heterogeneous databases, held by segregated research domains, and described with inconsistent terminologies. Such inconsistency and fragmentation of data significantly impedes the efficiency of tracking and analyzing human-centered records. To address this problem, we have developed a data repository and management system named TraM (http://tram.uchicago.edu), based on a domain ontology integrated entity relationship model. The TraM system has the flexibility to recruit dynamically evolving domain concepts and the ability to support data integration for a broad range of translational research. The web-based application interfaces of TraM allow curators to improve data quality and provide robust and user-friendly cross-domain query functions. In its current stage, TraM relies on a semi-automated mechanism to standardize and restructure source data for data integration and thus does not support real-time data application.Journal of Biomedical Informatics 09/2008; 42(1):100-12. · 2.13 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Men with BRCA2 mutations have been found to be at increased risk of developing prostate cancer. There is a recent report that BRCA2 carriers with prostate cancer have poorer survival than noncarrier prostate cancer patients. In this study, we compared survival of men with a BRCA2 mutation and prostate cancer with that of men with a BRCA1 mutation and prostate cancer. We obtained the age at diagnosis, age at death or current age from 182 men with prostate cancer from families with a BRCA2 mutation and from 119 men with prostate cancer from families with a BRCA1 mutation. The median survival from diagnosis was 4.0 years for men with a BRCA2 mutation vs 8.0 years for men with a BRCA1 mutation, and the difference was highly significant (P<0.01). It may be important to develop targeted chemotherapies to treat prostate cancer in men with a BRCA2 mutation.British Journal of Cancer 08/2008; 99(2):371-4. · 5.08 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Women with a breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) or breast cancer susceptibility gene 2 (BRCA2) mutation are at increased risk for developing breast and ovarian cancer. Various reproductive and hormonal factors have been shown to modify the risk of breast cancer. These studies suggest that estrogen exposure and deprivation are important in the etiology of hereditary cancer. Many patients are interested in the possibility of an adverse effect of fertility treatment on breast cancer risk. It is important to evaluate whether or not infertility per se or exposure to fertility medications increase the risk of breast cancer in genetically predisposed women. We conducted a matched case-control study of 1,380 pairs of women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation to determine if a history of infertility, the use of fertility medications, or undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) were associated with and increased the risk of breast cancer. Sixteen percent of the study subjects reported having experienced a fertility problem and 4% had used a fertility medication. Women who had used a fertility medication were not at significantly increased risk of breast cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.81-1.82) compared to non-users. Furthermore, there was no risk associated with a history of use of a fertility medication when the subjects were stratified by parity: (OR = 1.29; 95% CI = 0.83-2.01 for nulliparous women and OR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.30-2.22 for parous women). The results of this study suggest that the use of fertility medications does not adversely affect the risk of breast cancer among BRCA mutation carriers. Given the small sizes of the exposed subgroups, these findings should be interpreted with caution and confirmatory studies are required.Cancer Causes and Control 06/2008; 19(10):1111-9. · 3.20 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: As the relation between reproductive factors and breast cancer risk has not been systematically studied in indigenous women of sub-Saharan Africa, we examined this in a case-control study in Nigeria. In-person interviews were conducted using structured questionnaires to collect detailed reproductive history in 819 breast cancer cases and 569 community controls between 1998 and 2006. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Compared with women with menarcheal age<17 years, the adjusted OR for women with menarcheal age>or=17 years was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.54-0.95, P=0.02). Parity was negatively associated with risk (P-trend=0.02) but age at first live birth was not significant (P=0.16). Importantly, breast cancer risk decreased by 7% for every 12 months of breastfeeding (P-trend=0.005). It is worth noting that the distribution of reproductive risk factors changed significantly from early to late birth cohorts in the direction of increasing breast cancer incidence. Our findings also highlight the heterogeneity of breast cancer aetiology across populations, and indicate the need for further studies among indigenous sub-Saharan women.British Journal of Cancer 04/2008; 98(5):992-6. · 4.82 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To evaluate prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy uptake and timing among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers in a cancer risk assessment program. Clinical records of female BRCA1/2 mutation carriers who received cancer genetic counseling between 1996 and 2003 were reviewed to determine the completion and the timing of prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy. Logistic regression models evaluated associations between subject characteristics and surgery. Survival analysis methods were used to estimate the distribution of time to surgery. Among 88 women, 70% underwent prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy. Prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy was associated with older age, white race, having children, and a family history of ovarian cancer. Many women waited more than 12 months to undergo surgery and some delayed by several years. Younger age and not having children were associated with delays to surgery. Prophylactic salpingo-ooporectomy is an acceptable risk reduction measure for many BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Some women make this decision many years after genetic testing. Continued discussion of the risks and benefits of risk reduction options may facilitate the uptake of recommended risk reduction interventions among BRCA mutation carriers.Genetics in medicine: official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics 04/2008; 10(3):161-6. · 3.92 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Although professional guidelines recommend against testing minors for adult-onset genetic conditions, the genetic testing of minors for BRCA1/2 alterations has been debated in the literature. To better understand the opinions of BRCA mutation carriers regarding the genetic testing of minors and the cognitive and affective processes underlying these opinions, we interviewed BRCA mutation carriers and their adult offspring who had learned of their parent's BRCA mutation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 53 parents and 22 offspring. In response to a closed-ended question, 52% (n = 39) of participants were opposed to the testing of minors. Responses to an open-ended question indicate that many participants (24%, n = 18) feel that testing could be permitted for some minor offspring. Psychological risks and the insufficient maturity of minors were frequent concerns of participants opposed to testing minors. The potential to impact health behaviors was frequently cited as a reason to support the genetic testing of minors. These preliminary results suggest that many BRCA mutation carriers and their adult offspring have concerns about, or are opposed to the genetic testing of minors. However, a significant minority in our study would support testing minors. Greater support for testing among offspring could indicate increasing requests for early genetic diagnosis. Further research is necessary to explore the risks and benefits of providing genetic testing to minors for adult-onset hereditary cancer syndromes in order to inform clinical practice and public policy and to ensure optimal psychosocial and medical outcomes for all members in families at risk for genetically determined disease.American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C Seminars in Medical Genetics 03/2008; 148C(1):70-7. · 3.54 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To evaluate the rate of prophylactic contralateral mastectomy in an international cohort of women with hereditary breast cancer and to evaluate the predictors of uptake of preventive surgery. Women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation who had been diagnosed with unilateral breast cancer were followed prospectively for a minimum of 1.5 years. Information was collected on prophylactic surgery, tamoxifen use, and the occurrence of contralateral breast cancer. Nine hundred twenty-seven women were included in the study; of these, 253 women (27.3%) underwent a contralateral prophylactic mastectomy after the initial diagnosis of breast cancer. There were large differences in uptake of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy by country, ranging from 0% in Norway to 49.3% in the United States. Among women from North America, those who had a prophylactic contralateral mastectomy were significantly younger at breast cancer diagnosis (mean age, 39 years) than were those without preventive surgery (mean age, 43 years). Women who initially underwent breast-conserving surgery were less likely to undergo contralateral prophylactic mastectomy than were women who underwent a mastectomy (12% v 40%; P < 10(-4)). Women who had elected for a prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy were more likely to have had their contralateral breast removed than those with intact ovaries (33% v 18%; P < 10(-4)). Age, type of initial breast cancer surgery, and prophylactic oophorectomy are all predictive of prophylactic contralateral mastectomy in women with breast cancer and a BRCA mutation. The acceptance of contralateral preventive mastectomy was much higher in North America than in Europe.Journal of Clinical Oncology 03/2008; 26(7):1093-7. · 17.88 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to investigate variations in UGT1A1 polymorphisms and haplotypes among African-American and Caucasian women and to assess whether variants other than UGT1A1*28 are associated with total serum bilirubin levels. The (TA)(n) repeats and 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the UGT1A1 gene were genotyped in 335 African Americans and 181 Caucasians. Total serum bilirubin levels were available in a subset of 125 women. Allele frequencies of all SNPs and (TA)(n) repeats were significantly different between African Americans and Caucasians. In Caucasians, three common haplotypes accounted for 71.8% of chromosomes, whereas five common haplotypes accounted for only 46.6% of chromosomes in African Americans. Mean total serum bilirubin levels were significantly lower (p = 0.005) in African Americans (0.36 mg/dl) than in Caucasians (0.44 mg/dl). The (TA)(n) repeats explained a significant amount of variation in total bilirubin levels (R(2) = 0.27, p < 0.0001), whereas other SNPs were less correlative. Thus, significant variations in UGT1A1 haplotype structure exist between African Americans and Caucasians in this relatively large cohort of women. The correlation of UGT1A1 with total bilirubin levels was mainly due to (TA)(n) repeats in Caucasians but a clear correlation was not observed in African Americans because of the high diversity of haplotypes and the small sample size. These data have implications for the design of epidemiologic studies of cancer susceptibility and pharmacogenetic studies for adverse drug reactions in populations of African ancestry.Drug Metabolism and Disposition 09/2007; 35(8):1254-61. · 3.33 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Predictive genetic testing for adult-onset diseases is generally discouraged until the age at which interventions are believed to be helpful. Yet, many BRCA mutation carriers discuss their results with their children. This study describes the prevalence and experiences of parental communication of BRCA results to children under the age of 25 years old. Forty-two BRCA mutation carriers completed semistructured telephone interviews assessing self-reported disclosure to offspring and parent experiences with disclosure. Qualitative responses were coded for themes. chi(2) tests and logistic regression analyses with robust variance estimates were used to evaluate parent and child characteristics associated with disclosure. Fifty-five percent of parents reported discussing hereditary risk of cancer with at least one child. By parent report, 49% of the 86 offspring learned of their parents genetic test results or the hereditary cancer risk. Offspring age was strongly associated with disclosure (P = .001), and the majority of adolescent and adult children learned of the familial mutation or the hereditary risk of cancer. Parents reported that some offspring did not appear to understand the significance of the information shared, and that some offspring had initial negative reactions to disclosure. Physician (14%) and genetic counselor (21%) involvement in parent decisions to disclose were low. Children of BRCA mutation carriers learn of their parents genetic test results many years before preventive interventions are indicated. Further research is needed to examine how young individuals understand this information and its psychosocial impact and influence on subsequent lifestyle and health behaviors.Journal of Clinical Oncology 09/2007; 25(24):3705-11. · 17.88 Impact Factor -
Article: The complexity and challenges of genetic counseling and testing for inflammatory bowel disease.
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ABSTRACT: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an umbrella term referring to two chronic idiopathic intestinal diseases: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Both UC and CD are characterized by immune activation that leads to symptoms, but the location, severity and behavior of the inflammation varies among individuals and in characteristic ways between UC and CD. A majority of patients with IBD are diagnosed in young adulthood, but the response to therapy is variable and difficult to predict, with some patients demonstrating a prompt and effective remission while others have continuous symptoms that do not respond to existing medical options. Surgery remains a frequent and necessary occurrence among patients with IBD, but in UC it is considered curative, while in CD only temporizing. Clinical observations, epidemiological studies, and molecular genetics have provided strong evidence that both genetic and environmental factors are important determinants for disease susceptibility. In recent years, a number of genes have been identified that associate with CD and UC, although the clinical utility of these discoveries in patients or in susceptible family members has not been determined. Nonetheless, it is hoped that these fundamental advances in our understanding of IBD will lead to better therapies for patients and prevention strategies for those who are susceptible. Effective incorporation of clinical genetic testing for IBD into practice will require appropriate education and counseling.Journal of Genetic Counseling 01/2007; 15(6):465-76. · 1.75 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Because of increasing uptake of cancer genetic testing and the improving survival of young patients with cancer, health care practitioners including oncologists will increasingly be asked about options for assisted reproduction by members of families affected by hereditary cancer syndromes. Among these reproductive options, preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) offers the opportunity to select embryos without familial cancer-predisposing mutations. A review of the published literature supplemented by a survey of PGD centers in the United States. Prenatal diagnosis and/or embryo selection after genetic testing has already been performed in the context of more than a dozen familial cancer syndromes, including the common syndromes of genetic predisposition to colon and breast cancer. While constituting new reproductive options for families affected by cancer, the medical indications and ethical acceptance of assisted reproductive technologies for adult-onset cancer predisposition syndromes remain to be defined. Continued discussion of the role of PGD in the reproductive setting is needed to inform the responsible use of these technologies to decrease the burden of heritable cancers.Journal of Clinical Oncology 11/2006; 24(29):4775-82. · 17.88 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The aims of this study were to (1) assess the level of depression among women seeking cancer genetic counseling and risk assessment and to (2) identify and describe the demographic, health history, and health behavior correlates of clinically significant depression. Participants were 280 women presenting for an intake appointment at a university cancer risk clinic. During intake, participants completed questionnaires assessing demographics, health history, health practices, and depression. Twenty-eight percent of the sample met criteria for at least mild depression. Descriptive statistics indicated that depressed women were more likely to be African American, to have more children, less likely to receive a mammogram, and consumed fewer alcoholic drinks per week than nondepressed women. Given the known associations between depression, health behaviors such as cancer screening, and potential responses to the genetic testing process, assessment of mood disturbance remains an important consideration for genetic counselors.Journal of Genetic Counseling 09/2006; 15(4):267-76. · 1.75 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Ten years after BRCA1 and BRCA2 were first identified as major breast cancer susceptibility genes, the spectrum of mutations and modifiers of risk among many ethnic minorities remain undefined. To characterize the clinical predictors, spectrum, and frequency of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in an ethnically diverse high-risk clinic population and to evaluate the performance of the BRCAPRO statistical model in predicting the likelihood of a mutation. Comparative analysis of families (white, Ashkenazi Jewish, African American, Hispanic, Asian) with 2 or more cases of breast and/or ovarian cancer among first- and second-degree relatives. Families were identified at US sites between February 1992 and May 2003; in each family, the individual with the highest probability of being a mutation carrier was tested. Frequency of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the BRCAPRO model. The mutation spectrum was vastly different between families of African and European ancestry. Compared with non-Hispanic, non-Jewish whites, African Americans had a lower rate of deleterious BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations but a higher rate of sequence variations (27.9% vs 46.2% and 44.2% vs 11.5%; P<.001 for overall comparison). Deleterious mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 were highest for Ashkenazi Jewish families (69.0%). Early age at diagnosis of breast cancer and number of first- and second-degree relatives with breast and ovarian cancer were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of carrying a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation. In discriminating between mutation carriers, BRCAPRO performed as well in African American families as it did in white and Jewish families, with an area under the curve of 0.77 (95% confidence interval, 0.61-0.88) for African American families and 0.70 (95% confidence interval, 0.60-0.79) for white and Jewish families combined. These data support the use of BRCAPRO and genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in the management of high-risk African American families. Irrespective of ancestry, early age at diagnosis and a family history of breast and ovarian cancer are the most powerful predictors of mutation status and should be used to guide clinical decision making.JAMA The Journal of the American Medical Association 10/2005; 294(15):1925-33. · 29.98 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To evaluate, by using computer image analysis, the mammographic density patterns of women with germ-line mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in comparison with those of women at low risk of developing breast cancer. Mammograms from 30 carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and from 142 low-risk women were collected retrospectively and digitized. In addition, 60 of the 142 low-risk women were randomly selected and age matched at 5-year intervals with the 30 mutation carriers. Mammographic features were extracted from the central regions of the breast images to characterize the mammographic density and heterogeneity of dense portions of the breast. These features were then merged into a single value related to the risk of breast cancer by using linear discriminant analysis. The applicability of these computer-extracted features and the output from linear discriminant analysis to differentiate between the carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations and the low-risk women in the entire database and in an age-matched group were evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Quantitative analysis of mammograms demonstrated that carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations tended to have dense breast tissue, and their mammographic patterns tended to be low in contrast, with a coarse texture. Linear discriminant analysis resulted in values of the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.91 and 0.92 in distinguishing between the BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers and the low-risk women in the entire database and the age-matched group, respectively. The computerized analysis of mammograms suggests that mammographic patterns in carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations differ from those of women at low risk for breast cancer. Our computer-extracted features may be useful as radiographic markers for identifying women at high risk for breast cancer.Radiology 12/2002; 225(2):519-26. · 6.21 Impact Factor -
Article: Pretest prediction of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation by risk counselors and the computer model BRCAPRO.
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ABSTRACT: Because BRCA gene mutation testing is costly, occasionally uninformative, and frequently associated with ethical and legal issues, careful patient selection is required prior to testing. Estimation of BRCA gene mutation probability is an important component of pretest counseling, but the accuracy of these estimates is currently unknown. We measured the performance of eight cancer risk counselors and of a computer model, BRCAPRO, at identifying families likely to carry a BRCA gene mutation. Eight cancer risk counselors and the computer model BRCAPRO estimated BRCA gene mutation probabilities for 148 pedigrees selected from an initial sample of 272 pedigrees. The final sample was limited to pedigrees with a proband affected by breast or ovarian cancer and BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene sequencing results unequivocally reported as negative or positive for a deleterious mutation. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value, and areas under receiver operator characteristics (ROC) curves were calculated for each risk counselor and for BRCAPRO. All statistical tests were two sided. Using a greater-than-10% BRCA gene mutation probability threshold, the median sensitivity for identifying mutation carriers was 94% (range = 81% to 98%) for the eight risk counselors and 92% (range = 91% to 92%) for BRCAPRO. Median specificity at this threshold was 16% (range = 6% to 34%) for the risk counselors and 32% (range = 30% to 34%) for BRCAPRO (P =.04). Median area under the ROC curves was 0.671 for the risk counselors (range = 0.620 to 0.717) and 0.712 (range = 0.706 to 0.720) for BRCAPRO (P =.04). There was a slight, but not statistically significant, improvement in all counselor performance measures when BRCAPRO-assigned gene mutation probability information was included with the pedigrees. Sensitivity for identifying BRCA gene mutation carriers is similar for experienced risk counselors and the computer model BRCAPRO. Because the computer model consistently demonstrated superior specificity, overall discrimination between BRCA gene mutation carriers and BRCA gene mutation noncarriers was slightly better for BRCAPRO.JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute 07/2002; 94(11):844-51. · 15.16 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Evidence suggests that cancer risk assessment may be associated with increased psychological distress. This exploratory study assessed the necessity and acceptability of incorporating psychological counseling into routine clinic procedures at a cancer risk program. Following a visit to a university-based cancer risk clinic, patients (N = 102) completed an anonymous self-report instrument. Participants reported experiencing current stress and anxiety (41%), depression (29%), and suicidal ideation (2%). Patients with a history of cancer were more likely to be experiencing current emotional difficulties. Sixty-nine percent of the participants found the visit with the psychological counselor to be helpful, while 41% of the participants reported interest in follow-up psychological services. Interest in receiving future psychological services was positively correlated with levels of anxiety, depression, and cancer worry. This pilot study demonstrates the acceptability and potential role for psychological counselors in increasing adjustment in high-risk patients undergoing genetic counseling for inherited cancers.Journal of Genetic Counseling 01/2002; 11(1):51-64. · 1.75 Impact Factor - Journal of Genetic Counseling 01/2002; 11(1):69-71. · 1.75 Impact Factor
Publication Stats
1k | Citations | |
211.67 | Total Impact Points | |
Top Journals
University of Chicago
- • Department of Medicine
- • Section of Hematology/Oncology
- • Department of Radiology
Chicago, Illinois, United States
Fox Chase Cancer Center
- Department of Clinical Genetics
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago, Illinois, United States -
Professional School of Psychology
Maywood, Illinois, United States
The University of Chicago Medical Center
- • Section of Hematology/Oncology
- • Department of Medicine
Chicago, Illinois, United States


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lots of compliments! the design is great. the quality is decent, not amazing, but fits the price
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Comment: Re:I should think so! (Score 1) 99
I have the same comment about nearly every networked camera system ever.
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I have the same comment about nearly every networked camera system ever.
That's a flood-length post? How much do you suck at typing exactly?
Those 174 words took me no longer than 2 minutes to write; maybe you should do something more productive than troll.
Actually they have 16 GiB of RAM; its a number very close to a billion but based on powers of 2 instead of 10.
Words have meanings, and so do prefixes; the metric numbering system was usurped (stupidly) to mean something it didn't mean.
One wonders if disabling that last 500MB of RAM would in fact improve performance.
No, its an ambiguous word and I've complained about it in life on numerous occasions.
Except that MB is a metric term that was co-opted in computing for no good reason (base 2 calculation rounding), and correcting it makes sense.
1 million bits is a megabit. 1 million bytes is a megabyte.
I appreciate your insights, but your assumption that this has something to do with being 'good for Google' is hogwash -- they already had SPDY and HTTP/2 doesn't implement everything SPDY has. I see Google being a good citizen here and joining the new standard instead of continuing to push their own protocol they obviously preferred.
Google's SPDY support was already implemented by many servers optionally; I'm sure HTTP/2 can be done the same way.
That's an interestingly biased comparison.
I can repeat it for you; one side (Microsoft) has built a certain software (Windows) which has been adopted by billions of people worldwide. The other side has nothing but flamewars.
Its not true though, is it? Just because something is adopted doesn't mean its best, or even good -- it just means it was adopted at all. You see the fallacy now, right?
Microsoft didn't release Windows 8 because they thought it sucked. Same for Vista, and Windows Me. They thought they were good; and Dell, HP, Acer, etc. installed them on PCs because that's what you do, not because they were *good* but because nothing else did what was necessary at the time.
Systemd is *functional* but it has horrible problems, not the least of which is with PR and responding to bug reports which it simply denies are bugs or exist at all. Its in use because nothing else does what it does as well as it does it -- that doesn't mean it deserves praise.
Disclaimer: my cousin works there.
Citation please? I don't smoke either option but cannabis is an entirely different animal to tobacco and their outputs are quite different.
Yes, we all wish people would learn to read actual research and realize they're spewing crap -- like yourself.
When you smoke pure tobacco, you're still doing massive damage to yourself. Lots of studies, lots of research, not hard to find.
I use gnome on one PC because I want to know for sure when I post how bad it sucks that I'm right. Fedora 20 for the record; and Gnome 3 manages to crash on me multiple times an hour some days doing nothing exciting (and with 16GB of RAM).
I find it entertaining that people even post drivel like this. Why is it that the hate and venom must not be justified? Why not judge software on its merits, situations on the facts? I don't give a rat's backside who spews more venom; I care if the software works and if they actually fix problems or not.
Its equally possible that the systemd people are wonderful and being hated on by idiots as that they're all jerks being hated on by righteous geniuses. You shouldn't pick sides based on who's yelling.
Its pretty easy if the voice recognition never leaves the television.
I am more bored than you could ever possibly be. Go back to work.


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