text:
Clinical usefulness of alterations in sialic acid, sialyl transferase and sialoproteins in breast cancer.
ABSTRACT Sialic acid, the end moieties of the carbohydrate chains are biologically important and essential for functions of glycoconjugates and are reported to be altered in cancer patients. Two hundred and twenty five breast cancer (BC) patients, 100 patients with benign breast disease (BBD) and 100 healthy females (controls) were enrolled for the study. Eight hundred and twenty four follow-up samples of 225 breast carcinoma patients were also evaluated. The association of sialic acid forms, sialyltransferase and α-2-6 sialoproteins levels with presence and extent as well as prognosis of breast carcinoma was studied. Serum sialic acid forms and sialyltransferase revealed significantly elevated levels among untreated breast cancer patients as compared to the controls, patients with BBD as well as cancer patients in remission. Non-responders showed comparable levels of the markers with those found in breast cancer patients at the time of diagnosis. Higher levels of sialic acid forms at diagnosis were associated with poor prognosis. A positive correlation between serum levels of different forms of sialic acids and extent of malignant disease was observed. The changes in serum proteins with terminal α-2-6 sialic acid correlated well with alterations in the levels of sialic acid forms and sialyltransferase. Malignant tissues showed elevated levels of sialic acid and sialyltransferase as compared to surrounding normal tissues.The results suggested potential utility of these markers in evaluation of clinical outcome.
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ABSTRACT: We aimed to investigate of protective role of proanthocyanidin (PA) and vitamin E (vit E) against to toxic effect of formaldehyde (FA). Twenty-eight Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control group, rats treated with FA intraperitoneal (i.p.) (10 mg/kg), FA + vit E intragastric (i.g.) (30 mg/kg), and FA + PA i.g. (100 mg/kg). We assayed superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total sialic acid (TSA) in liver. Liver tissue was taken in order to morphological analysis and hepatocytes apoptosis using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay immunostaining. SOD decreased in FA and increased in FA + vit E and FA + PA (p < 0.05). Gpx didn't change in FA and increased in FA + PA (p < 0.05). No significant variation between the groups was found in MPO activity. MDA increased only in FA and decreased in FA + vit E and FA+PA (p < 0.05). TSA didn't alter in FA and FA + vit E but decreased in FA + PA (p < 0.05). Degeneration in hepatocytes and endothelial cells, cytoplasm losses, vacuolization, picnotic nuclei, and mononuclear cell infiltration were identified in FA. Degeneration in chromatin material, membrane damage in mitochondria and losses in mitochondrial cristae in hepatocytes were observed in FA. We found that partially recovery in liver as a result of FA + vit E and FA + PA. We have concluded that long term use should be investigated for complete explanation of PA's protective effects on FA toxicity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2014.Environmental Toxicology 06/2014; · 2.56 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: A self-assembling fluorescence sensor with boronic acid functionalities was tested for binding selectivity to the monosaccharide, sialic acid. Working from a previously reported system, a self-assembling system could form an imine in situ that enables a conjugated fluorophore to display a measurable change in fluorescence in the presence of monosaccharide. However, further examination showed that free sugars give a similar fluorescence response to just the m-aminophenylboronic acid moiety on its own. Still, such a self-assembly method may be applicable to cell surface saccharide sensing as aldehydes and ketones are noticeably absent on most cells' exteriors. The original covalent receptor appears best suited for the detection of free sialic acid.Australian Journal of Chemistry 12/2011; 64(11):1454-1457. · 1.64 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The general principles of interaction between bor(on)ic acids and sugars in aqueous media are discussed with a focus on the structural aspects that play a role with respect to the regioselectivity of the interactions and the stability of the resulting adducts. Preorganization and pKas appear to play important roles. Glucose and sialic acid will be demonstrated to be the promising targets for artificial B-based sensors. These sugars are important markers for diabetes and cancer, respectively.Coordination Chemistry Reviews 06/2014; · 12.10 Impact Factor
Page 1
Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2004, 19 (2) 60-71
Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2004 60
G.N. Raval*, L.J. Parekh**, D.D. Patel*, F.P. Jha*, R.N. Sainger* and P.S. Patel*
*Biochemistry Research Division, The Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute, Asarwa, Ahmedabad -
**Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India
Sialic acid, the end moieties of the carbohydrate chains are biologically important and essential
for functions of glycoconjugates and are reported to be altered in cancer patients. Two
hundred and twenty five breast cancer (BC) patients, 100 patients with benign breast disease
(BBD) and 100 healthy females (controls) were enrolled for the study. Eight hundred and
twenty four follow-up samples of 225 breast carcinoma patients were also evaluated. The
association of sialic acid forms, sialyltransferase and α-2-6 sialoproteins levels with presence
and extent as well as prognosis of breast carcinoma was studied. Serum sialic acid forms
and sialyltransferase revealed significantly elevated levels among untreated breast cancer
patients as compared to the controls, patients with BBD as well as cancer patients in
remission. Non-responders showed comparable levels of the markers with those found in
breast cancer patients at the time of diagnosis. Higher levels of sialic acid forms at diagnosis
were associated with poor prognosis. A positive correlation between serum levels of different
forms of sialic acids and extent of malignant disease was observed. The changes in serum
proteins with terminal α-2-6 sialic acid correlated well with alterations in the levels of sialic
acid forms and sialyltransferase. Malignant tissues showed elevated levels of sialic acid and
sialyltransferase as compared to surrounding normal tissues.
The results suggested potential utility of these markers in evaluation of clinical outcome.
Breast Cancer, Glycoproteins, Sialic acid, Sialyltransferase, Tumours.
The incidence and mortality rate of cancer is still
unacceptably high. This stark fact itself is the strong
argument for further research in the field of cancer
biology. Immense increase in knowledge of the
altered characteristics of malignant cells have
shown that altered cell surface is the hall mark of
malignant cells (1). Study of biochemical changes
during malignant transformation is also referred as
a form of chemical biopsy because they facilitate
the diagnosis of organ abnormalities through
chemical eye. The biology of glycoproteins, the vital
components of cell surface, has been the field of
intensive investigation since it became evident that
they play a significant role during malignant
transformation. Majority of the presently known
tumour markers are glycoprotein in nature. Various
investigators have reported striking differences in
cell surface carbohydrate structure in malignant cells
(2, 3). Further, molecular changes in carbohydrate
antigens have been reported to be associated with
cancer (4). Altered glycosylation of glycoconjugates
is one of the important molecular changes that
accompany malignant transformation (5, 3). Sialic
acid, the end moieties of the carbohydrate chain
of glycoconjugates are reported to be elevated
during malignancy (6, 7). Increased levels of sialic
acid in cancer patients can be explained by
spontaneous release (shedding) of aberrant sialic
acid rich glycoproteins and glycolipids (8, 9, 4).
Author for Correspondence :
Dr. Prabhudas S. Patel
In-Charge, Biochemistry Research Division,
The Gujarat Cancer And Research Institute,
Asarwa, Ahmedabad - 380 016, INDIA
e.mail: email@example.com
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Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2004, 19 (2) 60-71
Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 200461
Sialic acid moiety of carbohydrate epitope is
important for biological interactions including cell
adhesion to selectin and lectins (10). Thus, sialic
acid is an important constituent for the characteristic
changes of transformed cells. The alterations in
glycoproteins start at an early stage of
tumorigenesis. Gatchev (11) presented first data
on sialic acid levels before diagnosis of tumour,
and reported elevated levels of sialic acid among
men in whom a malignant tumour was diagnosed
during the period of eight years after health
examination. Sialylation is one of the most common
and versatile type of terminal glycosylation (12).
The presence of extra sialic acid in glycoproteins
of malignant cells has also been demonstrated (13,
3). Structural analysis of tumour associated
carbohydrate antigens has shown that sialylated
derivatives together with related structural changes
are essential carbohydrate epitopes associated with
malignant transformation
oligosaccharides are synthesized by a family of
enzyme sialyltransferase. Majority of serum proteins
are glycosylated. When disease is present, subtle
changes occur in glycosylation of these proteins.
The knowledge of the way in which serum proteins
are glycosylated in cancer patients can contribute
to the understanding of association of glycoprotein
with malignant conditions. Thus, the changes in
glycoprotein levels could provide clinically useful
information. Only a few studies aiming at
investigating simultaneous evaluation of serum
levels of different forms of sialic acid as well as
sialyltransferase in diagnosis and prognosis of
cancer patients have been reported. Therefore, the
current study aimed to investigate association of
alterations in serum levels of sialic acid forms,
sialyltransferase and sialoproteins with diagnosis
and treatment monitoring of breast carcinoma.
(14). Sialylated
The study included 225 pathologically proven breast
carcinoma patients. Cancer patients were ineligible
for the study, if they had received prior anticancer
therapy or were suffering from any other disorders.
Clinical details were obtained from clinical records
(Table 1). Stage of the disease was classified
according to the UICC criteria (15). Patients with
BBD are highly vulnerable for developing breast
cancer. Therefore, measurement of serum levels
of the markers was also carried out from 100 age
matched patients with BBD. Among the patients
with BBD, 60 females were having fibrocystic
disease, 5 females had benign ductal disease and
35 females had benign mass. To evaluate baseline
circulatory levels of the markers, 100 healthy
females without any major illness in recent past
were included in the study as controls. Due consent
was obtained from all the subjects. Blood samples
were collected between 9.0 A.M. and 11.0 A.M. to
avoid any possible diurnal variations. Sera were
separated and stored at- 800C till analysis.
Tissue samples of breast cancer patients were
collected on ice from operation theatre during
surgical removal of the tumours. The normal tissues
were selected by a pathologist from free margins
of excised surgical specimens keeping 2-3
centimeters away from tumour margins and
histopathological examinations were carried out from
all the samples. The normal and tumour tissues
were kept frozen at -800C after washing with normal
First follow-up blood sample was collected at least
one month after initiation of anticancer therapy.
Subsequent, follow-up blood samples were collected
during the patient's visit to the hospital. However,
minimum one month interval was kept between two
follow-ups. Clinical status of the patients during/
after anticancer treatment was evaluated as
suggested by Miller et al. (16). Patients were
grouped as mentioned below :
Complete Responders (CR) : Patients with disease
free survival at-least for one month.
Partial Responders : Patients with decrease in
tumour size by > 50%.
Stable Disease : Patients with no objective
treatment response i.e. no changes in tumour size
for 3 months.
Progressive Disease : Patients having increase in
tumour size and/or appearance of new malignant
The patients with partial response, stable disease
and progressive disease were grouped together as
non-responders (NR) to simplify the comparisons
of the marker levels with disease status. Out of
824 follow-up blood samples, 559 were CR and
265 were NR at the time of follow-up (Table 2).
Estimation of Free Sialic acid (FSA)
Sialic acid levels were analysed using method of
Skoza and Mohos (17) as modified by Warren (18).
Oxidation of N-acytylneuraminic acid (NANA-Sialic
acid) was carried out by incubation of 0.1 ml serum
samples with 0.25 ml 0.025 N periodic acid at 37°C
for 30 minutes. Formyl pyruvate was formed due
to oxidation of N-acetyl neuraminic acid. The
reaction was stopped by addition of 0.2 ml of 2%
sodium arsenite to react with remaining periodic
acid molecules. 1.5 ml of thiobarbituric acid reagent
was added and mixture was kept in boiling water
bath for 7.5 minutes. Salmon pink thio-barbituric
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Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2004, 19 (2) 60-71
Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 200462
Table I. Clinical details of breast cancer patients
TNM StageI IIIII IVTotal
No. of patients2 48115 60 225
Site :Left
Menopausal status : Pre
Histology: Invasive/Infil. Ductal
Invasive/Infil. lobular
Lymphnode Involvement:Absent
used for estimation of total Sialic acid contents as
described by the method for FSA.
Estimation of Protein-bound Sialic acid
Perchloric acid soluble and phosphotungstic acid
precipitable fractions were obtained as described
by Winzler (19). The fractions were estimated after
hydrolysis at 80ºC in the presence of 1 N H2SO4.
The hydrolysed fractions were estimated as per
the method of FSA described above.
Sialyltransferase Activity
Activity of sialyltransferase was measured using the
method of Kessal and Allen (20) with minor
modifications. The assay system for sialyltransferase
consisted of 50 mM HEPES-NaOH buffer pH 6.8,
10 mM MnCl2, 2 nmole C14-labelled 5'-cytidine
monophosphate N-acetyl neuraminic acid (CMP
C14NANA), 4 mg of asialo fetuin and the enzyme
source. In control tube, addition of acceptor was
omitted. Reaction was terminated by addition of
ice cold acid mixture. Precipitates were solubilized
in 1.0 ml of NCS tissue solubiliser. After addition
of scintillation cocktail, quantitation of incorporated
N-acetyl neuraminic acid was calculated by counting
the radioactivity of reaction mixture in β-counter.
The non-specific binding was nullified by deduction
of control readings. Enzyme activities were
expressed as CPM/mg protein/hour.
Isolation of α α α α α-2-6 sialylated proteins
The lectin affinity chromatography for isolation of
glycoproteins was performed as described by
Table 2.Clinical status and duration after
treatment initiation in breast
cancer patients at the time of
Duration in
CRNR Total
CR - Responders,NR - Non Responders
acid chromophore was obtained due to its reaction
with formyl pyruvate. The stability of chromophore
was increased by addition of 1.5 ml dimethyl
sulphoxide. Intensity of the chromophore was read
at 549 nm. To correct potential interference of 2-
Deoxy-deribose, optical density of reaction mixture
was also measured at 532 nm.
Estimation of Total Sialic acid (TSA)
To release bound sialic acid, serum samples were
hydrolysed with 1N H2SO4 at 80ºC for 1 hour. After
hydrolysis, proteins were removed by addition of 2
ml 10% trichloroacetic acid and supernatant was
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Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2004, 19 (2) 60-71
Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2004 63
Thompson and Turner (21). Briefly, α-2-6 sialic acid
specific lectin (Sambucus Nigra, Sigma) was
coupled with CNBr activated sepharose beads
(Amersham Pharmacia) in a concentration of 2 mg/
ml beads. Immediately prior to coupling with
proteins, sepharose beads were washed with acid
followed by 0.1 M bicarbonate buffer (pH 8.3).
Sialoproteins were separated from 75 ?l serum by
mixing with Lectin-Sepharose beads. Unbound
proteins were removed by washing with 0.05 mol/
L Tris-HCl Buffer (pH 7.4) containing 25 mmol/L
KCl, 5 mmol/L CaCl2, 5 mmol/L MgCl2 and 0.5 %
V/V Nonidet P-40. Bound sialoproteins were
released by solubilising in Tris Buffer (pH 6.8)
containing SDS. Resultant elute was loaded on to
7.5% SDS-polyacrylamide gel and electrophoresis
was performed. To visualise protein bands, the gels
were stained by silver staining method.
Statistical data analysis
Data were statistically analysed using SPSS
statistical software (22). Level of significance was
assessed by computing Fisher's two tailed exact
test and paired 't' test. 'p' values < 0.05 were
considered statistically significant. To study
association of the marker levels with clinical stage
of malignant diseases, Spearman's correlation
coefficients were derived. Log survival were
calculated using life table analysis (23). Log-Rank
statistic was used to assess significance of survival.
Mean values of the markers in patients were
considered as cut-off for constructing survival
curves. The multivariate analysis was carried out
to correlate response to anticancer treatment,
clinico-pathological parameters and levels of the
biomarkers. For multivariate analysis, Cox's forward
Logistic Regression (24) stepwise model was used.
Serum levels of sailic acid forms
Serum levels of different forms of sialic acid were
significantly higher in patients with BBD and
untreated breast cancer patients as compared to
the controls. In comparison between patients with
BBD and untreated breast cancer patients, the
levels of different forms of sialic acid and its ratio
to total proteins were significantly raised in breast
cancer patients. Diagnostic values of sialic acid
forms were also evaluated by constructing
Receiver's Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves.
TSA and TSA/TP showed better diagnostic values
as compared to PBSA, PBSA/TP and free Sialic
acid (FSA). The PBSA and PBSA/TP levels were
unable to discriminate between controls and
untreated breast cancer patients at 30% or less
sensitivity levels (as similar results are documented
in previous reports (25, 26, 27) from our laboratory
data are not shown).
Correlation of the markers with stage of
Spearman's correlation curves were constructed to
evaluate association of serum levels of sialic acid
and stage of disease in untreated breast cancer
patients. The correlation of the variations in PBSA
levels with stage of disease is depicted in Fig. 1
as representative pictorial presentation. Other sialic
acid forms also showed positive correlation with
the stage of malignant disease of breast. The "r2"
and "p" values indicated that the correlation was
statistically significant for FSA, PBSA, TSA, PBSA/
TP and TSA/TP.
Fig. 1. Sperman's correlation curve showing
variations in PBSA levels with stage of
disease in breast cancer patients
'p' value
Observed cumilative probability
Expected cumilative probability
Protein bound sialic acid
Free sialic acid
Total sialic acid
Protein bound sialic acid/ Total
Total sialic acid/Total proteinTSA/TP-
1.00 .75 .50 .25 0.00
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Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2004, 19 (2) 60-71
Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 200464
demonstrated significant difference (p = 0.000,
0.000 and 0.000) indicating poor prognosis of
the group of the patients whose marker levels were
above cut off. The patients having the marker levels
below mean values had better overall survival. The
results documented that high pretreatment levels
of serum sialic acid were indicators of poor
Comparison between pre-treatment and
post-treatment serum levels of sialic acid
To evaluate efficacy of the biomarkers in treatment
monitoring of breast cancer patients, levels of the
biomarkers were analysed serially after initiation of
anticancer therapy and grouped in to CR and NR.
As can be seen from Fig. 3, the CR showed
significantly lower mean values of the markers as
compared to pretreatment values. However, in NR
the marker levels were comparable or elevated as
compared to their levels at the time of diagnosis.
In comparison between CR and NR, the CR
showed lower values. Each follow-up values were
paired with the individual's pretreatment marker
values and paired "t" analysis was carried out. CR
showed significantly lower levels of PBSA, TSA and
TSA/TP (p=0.004, p=0.003
respectively) as compared to the values found at
the time of diagnosis. Circulating levels of the
markers during follow-up period in NR were
comparable or increased than their pre-treatment
values (Data not shown). To assess alterations in
the biomarkers of individual patients with different
treatment out come, levels of the biomarkers during
follow-up were calculated as percentage of
pretreatment levels. The pretreatment values were
considered as 100%. Serum levels of all the
markers remained below pretreatment level
throughout the follow-up period in CR and remained
above pretreatment level through out follow up
duration in NR. Among the patients with initial
response and then recurrence of the disease,
marker levels remained below pretreatment values
initially but then started rising. Importantly, the rise
in the marker levels was observed 3-4 months prior
to the clinical detection of the metastasis.
and p=0.000
Lectin affinity chromatography for
Proteins with terminal α-2-6 sialic acid residues
were separated using sialic acid specific lectins
(Sambucus Nigra). The lectin was coupled with
CNBr activated sepharose beads prior to incubation
with serum. Various control elutes were
electrophoresed to confirm isolation of specifically
desired proteins. Fig. 4 shows separation of
proteins by SDS-PAGE of various elutes which were
Fig. 2. Survival curve (log survival) of PBSA
in breast cancer patients according to mean
values as cut off
Parameter'p' value
______________ Above mean values
----------------------- Below mean values
- Duration in months
- Log survival
- Protein bound sialic acid
- Free sialic acid
- Total sialic acid
- Protein bound sialic acid/ Total
- Total sialic acid/ Total proteinTSA/TP
Sialic acid forms and survival of breast
cancer patients
To evaluate prognostic values of the markers,
survival curves (log survival) were plotted for breast
cancer patients. Mean pretreatment values of the
markers were used as cut off levels. Survival of
the patients with levels of biomarkers above cut
off values were compared with patients whose
pretreatment marker levels were below cut off.
Fig. 2 indicates over all survival curves for PBSA
levels in breast cancer patients as representative
presentation. TSA, PBSA/TP and TSA/TP also
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Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2004, 19 (2) 60-71
Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 200465
Fig. 3. Comparison of serum sialic acid levels (mean ± S.E.) in untreated breast cancer
patients, complete responders and non-responders
PBSA( mg/dl)
FSA (mg/dl)
- Complete responders
- Non-responders
- Free sialic acid
- Protein bound sialic acid
- Total sialic acid
- Protein bound sialic acid/ Total
- Total sialic acid/Total protein
- Breast cancer patients
BC pts.
UntreatedBC pts. VS CR"t"4.0538.3948.8030.10116.93
Untreated BC pts. VS NR"t"1.0070.0110.3852.9660.236
"p"0.0860.9210.122 0.0560.310
CR VS NR "t"1.5825.9705.3673.78014.84
"p"0.098 0.0150.021 0.053 0.000
PBSA/TP (mg./g)
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Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2004, 19 (2) 60-71
Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2004 66
Fig. 4. SDS-PAGE of serum protein
showing specific affinity to the lectins
Fig. 5. Serum sialoprotein electrophoretic
pattern in a breast cancer patient at
diagnosis and during follow-up (using lectin-
sambucus nigra)
stained by silver staining. Lane A represents elute
of lectin incubated with sepharose, lane B
represents elute of CNBr activated sepharose
without lectin and serum, lane C represents elute
of lectin coupled with CNBr activated sepharose
with serum, lane D represents elute of serum
incubated with only lectin and lane E represents
elute of serum incubated with CNBr activated
sepharose. It is clear from the figure that lectin
coupled with sepharose were able to bind with more
number of proteins as compared to lectin alone.
Further, the elutes of only sepharose, only lectin
and serum with sepharose showed only one band
which indicate that resultant separated proteins
were only lectin binding proteins without impurities
of other proteins.
Fig. 5 shows 1D electrophoretic pattern of lectin
(Sambucus Nigra) extracts of serum from a breast
cancer patient at diagnosis and during follow-up.
Lane A shows sialoproteins of serum from control.
Lane B shows sialoproteins of serum from untreated
breast cancer patient. Lane C and D exhibit serum
sialoproteins of cancer patient during/after anti
cancer treatment. Lane E represents molecular
Lane A : Elute of Lectin incubated with
Elute of CNBr activated sepharose
without lectin and serum
Elute of lectin coupled with CNBr
activated sepharose with serum
Elute of serum incubated with only
Elute of serum incubated with CNBr
activated sepharose
Lane B :
Lane C :
Lane D :
Lane E :
Lane A
Lane B
Serum Sialoprotein pattern in control
Serum Sialoprotein pattern in untreated
breast cancer patient
Serum Sialoproteins pattern in the
breast cancer patient during/after
Molecular weight marker
Lane C-D:
Lane E:
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Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2004, 19 (2) 60-71
Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 200467
weight marker. Clinically the patient was having
disease free survival. As clear from the figure, more
number of bands were present in the elutes of
sera from untreated breast cancer patients at the
time of diagnosis as compared to that of follow-
up, in patients with favorable treatment outcome.
Variations in serum sialyltransferase
Mean values of sialyltransferase in the controls,
patients with BBD and breast cancer patients at
the time of diagnosis and during follow-up are
shown in Table 3. Untreated breast cancer patients
revealed elevated levels of serum sialyltransferase
as compared to the controls and patient with BBD
(p=0.001 and 0.01, respectively). The patients with
BBD showed higher mean values of the enzyme
as compared to the controls. When sialyl-
transferase levels were compared between breast
cancer patients at diagnosis and during follow-up,
CR exhibited significantly lower levels of the
Table 3.Mean values of serum sialyltransferase (CPM/mg protein/hour) in controls, patients
with BBD and breast cancer patients
Group MeanS.E. Groups
't' Value'p' Value
Patients with BBD
Untreated BC pts.
Controls vs BBD
Controls vs BC
BBD vs BC
BC vs CR
BC vs NR
CR vs NR
BBD - Benign Breast Diseases,
TP - Total Protein,
Pts. - Patients,BC - Untreated Breast cancer patients
NR - Non responders,CR - Complete Responders, vs. - versus
Table 4. Association
response with biomarkers and
clinicopathological parameters in
breast cancer patients
of treatment
Lymph node involvement
Free sialic acid
Protein bound sialic acid
Total sialic acid
Protein bound sialic acid/
Total protein
Total sialic acid/ Total protein
Table 5.Comparison of glycoprotein constituents and enzyme levels between nonmalignant
and malignant tissues
Parameters GroupMeanS.E. 't' value'p' value
(mg/g protein)
(CPM/mg protein/hr)
FSA - Free sialic acid,MT - Malignant tumour tissue,NM - Non malignant Tissue
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Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2004, 19 (2) 60-71
Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2004 68
enzyme as compared to the untreated breast cancer
patient (p=0.05) and NR (p=0.05). The enzyme
levels were comparable between untreated breast
cancer patients and NR.
Multivariate analysis : Clinico-pathological
parameters and biological markers with
treatment outcome
Cox's regression model was used to evaluate
correlation between established clinico-pathological
parameters and variations in serum tumour markers
in predicting the prognosis (Table 4). TNM
classification, lymph node involvement, TSA and
TSA/TP showed significant association with
treatment outcome. However, histopathological
examination, site of the disease, PBSA, PBSA/TP
and FSA levels did not show any relation with
treatment response. In this model, prognostic
significance of TNM stage was followed by TSA/
TP and TSA.
Comparison of the markers between
nonmalignant and malignant tissues
The levels of FSA and sialyltransferase were
analysed from malignant and surrounding normal
tissues to evaluate its association with the
circulatory levels. As clear from Table 5, the
glycoprotein constituents and enzyme levels were
higher in malignant tumour tissues as compared to
the surrounding normal tissues. The elevations in
sialic acid and sialyl-transferase were statistically
significant (p=0.097 and 0.047, respectively). The
increased values of FSA and sialyltransferase in
tumour tissues confirmed that the elevations in the
markers in circulation were due to the presence of
malignant tumours.
Glycosylation has been demonstrated to play a
critical role during malignant transformation (28, 29).
We found that breast cancer patients had
significantly higher levels of different forms of sialic
acid as compared to the controls. The results on
serum sialic acid levels in present study were in
accordance with the reports from our laboratory as
well as of other workers (6, 30, 31). Previous
reports on sialic acid in cancer have mostly
compared the levels with healthy individuals. The
goal of present study was to understand association
of glycoprotein changes with malignancy. Therefore,
the patients with BBD served as pathological
controls in the current study. Current study also
revealed that serum sialic acid have significant
positive correlation with stage of the malignant
disease which is in accordance with previous
reports (6, 30, 32).
The present investigation also studied for
association of serum concentrations of glycoprotein
constituents on overall survival of patients which
was assessed by Kaplan Meier survival curves.
Except FSA, statistically significant relationship was
observed between elevated serum levels of the
markers and survival of the breast cancer patients.
This is a poorly studied part of the previous work
on glycoprotein constituents. Only a few reports
showing association of pretreatment levels of these
markers with survival of the patients are available
in the literature (33).
Various investigators have reported significant
correlation between continuously raised levels of
sialic acid and a worse prognosis in cancer patients
(31, 34). However, the numbers of subjects in these
reports were less. Our observations on a large
population showed that NR had higher levels of
the biomarkers than CR.
Previous studies were centered largely around the
demonstration of increased levels of carbohydrates
of the carbohydrate-protein complexes in sera of
cancer patients. As sialic acid occupies terminal
position, any change in glycoprotein will account
for the changes in sialic acid and vice versa. The
data from our laboratory and others indicate
elevations in protein bound sialic acid levels in
various malignancies (30, 31). The elevations in
sialic acid contents during malignancy can not be
explained only by the production of new proteins
because very less new glycoproteins are seen on
electrophoresis (35). The elevations found in sialic
acid forms in cancer patients could be due to an
overall higher amount of sialic acid or due to
selective increase in existing specific sialylated
sequence or a tumour associated de novo synthesis
of specific sialylated sequence. Considering the fact
that electrophoretic analysis can provide a
comprehensive view on multiple proteins, we have
analysed electrophoretic patterns of serum
Variations in the structure of an oligosaccharide
glycan have been previously referred to as
microheterogenicity. Minor microheterogenicity can
be caused by variations in sialic acid, galactose
and/or fucose contents (21). The changes in serum
sialoglycoproteins that profile malignancy are shared
by other disease status, but correlation of malignant
cells with increased or abnormal sialoproteins is
found to be different (36, 37). Elevations in
sialylation has been reported to be associated with
poor prognosis and resistance to cancer therapy
(38). High sugar specificity of lectins makes them
ideal tool for identifying structural features of the
oligosaccharide moieties. It was reported by
Muryama et al. (39) that α-2-6 sialylation recognised
Page 10
Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2004, 19 (2) 60-71
Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2004 69
by Sambucus Nigra is different than sialylated
antigens. Selective binding of terminal sialic acid
residues via α-2-6 linkage during malignancy, has
been reported (39). The current investigation found
more number of sialoprotein bands among cancer
patients as compared to controls as well as patients
with BBD. We have observed more number of
proteins having terminal α-2-6 sialic acid residues
in patients with malignant breast tumours as
compared to controls and patients with BBD. The
current findings on sialic acid and sialoproteins
revealed its significant use in prognostication and
treatment monitoring.
Analysis of the enzymes involved in addition of
terminal sugars can provide useful information for
better understanding of the mechanism of elevations
in sialic acid values during malignancy. Gessner et
al. (40) demonstrated that determination of
sialyltransferase in colorectal tumour tissue and sera
of cancer patients may be a new means for tumour
detection and monitoring (41). Increased excretion
of glycosidically bound sialic acid in urine of cancer
patients reflects elevations of sialyltransferase
activity in tumour tissue. Increased circulatory
sialyltransferase activities have been reported in
patients with various cancer (42, 43). Serial
estimations of sialyltransferase were carried out to
evaluate its importance in assessing response to
anticancer therapy. Serum sialyltransferase levels
significantly correlated with disease status during
follow-up in breast cancer patients. A significant
decline in the levels of sialyl-transferase was
associated with favourable treatment response
which is in accordance with previous reports (44,
45). Increased sialyl-transferase activities may be
responsible for increased expression of cell surface
glycoconjugates. The current results support the
notion that the alterations seen in cell surface
glycoconjugates during oncogenic transformation
can be the result of altered expression of glycosyl
transferases. The presence of sialyltransferase in
malignant cells could lead to altered or even unique
To examine the origin of altered serological
concentrations of biomarkers, present study has
also included malignant and adjacent normal tissues
for analysis of glycoprotein constituents. The study
revealed significantly higher concentrations of sialic
acid in tissue homogenates of malignant tumours
as compared to that of surrounding normal tissues.
Significantly higher levels of sialic acid in tumour
tissue have also been reported by various workers
(6, 46). Similar observations for abnormal levels of
glycoprotein constituents have been documented in
tissue extracts of liver cancer (34, 47). Higher
expression of sialyltransferase was also reported
in malignant brain tumours and was undetectable
in normal brain tissues (43). An increase in sialyl-
transferase activity of malignant tumours have been
documented (48). The results suggested that
sialylation by the sialyltransferase is dominant in
tumour cells. However, previous reports have not
correlated presence of circulating markers with their
concentrations in tumour tissues. Present study
exhibited that the alterations in glycoprotein
constituents in serum are reflection of the alterations
in the tumour tissues. Current study addressed role
of serum levels of sialic acid and sialyltransferase
in prognosis and therapeutic monitoring of breast
cancer patients. To the best of our knowledge, the
present study validated data on the largest
population of the patients with long-term post-
treatment follow-ups which is an important feature
of the work.
In conclusion, elevations in serum levels of sialic
acid and sialyltransferase in breast cancer were
associated positively with presence of malignant
tumour and negatively with response to anticancer
treatment. Altered sialic acid and sialyltransferase
levels correlated well with alterations in the
sialylation changes. The results revealed that
measurement of sialic
sialyltransferase are of clinical value in monitoring
clinical course as well as in assisting the diagnosis
of breast cancer. Analysis of the markers can be
an additional tool for diagnosis, prognostication and
treatment monitoring of cancer patients. The present
study indicated altered glycosylation during
malignant transformation in terms of sialylation at
α-2-6 position at termini. It may contribute to
malignant growth by altered glycosylation of
glycoconjugates during tumorigenesis.
acid forms and
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tumour and tumour-associated carbohydrate
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G.H., Balar, D.B., Shah, P.M.and Patel, D.D.
(1995) Comparision between serum levels of
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2010 Faculty and Staff Opinion Survey
Opinion Survey FAQ's
- Why is Loyola University Chicago conducting a survey of its faculty and staff?
- What areas will the survey focus on?
- How much time will it take to complete the survey? How long is the survey and what is the format?
- Why is my participation important?
- Why did Loyola select Towers Perrin-ISR (International Survey Research) to administer the survey?
- Who is eligible to participate in the survey?
- Are my survey responses confidential?
- What will happen to my written comments?
- How do I take the survey?
- What if I don't have access to a computer?
- Once all the results are received, what's next?
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by Keith Goetzman
Tags: religion, religious debate, secular humanism, new atheists, civility, spirituality, Keith Goetzman
Should nonbelievers shy away from examining or criticizing the religious beliefs of the devout because it might offend them? Certainly not, writes senior editor Ronald A. Lindsay at Free Inquiry in his commentary "Expressing One's Views on Religion":
Religions make certain claims about reality, for example, that there is a god, there is an afterlife, and natural disasters constitute divine punishment. Believers assert these claims and in many cases try to persuade others to accept them. These claims should be subject to examination and criticism, just like any other claims about reality. In other words, there is no principled reason for placing religion off-limits. Religious claims and religious beliefs should be treated the same as claims and beliefs relating to physics, politics, or pottery. If we maintain that a religious belief is mistaken, unsupported, or vague to the point of being incomprehensible, we should feel free to say so. If the expression of our views offends a religious person, that person has no more right to tell us to keep quiet than a Democrat offended by criticism of President Barack Obama, a physicist offended by criticism of string theory, or a potter offended by criticism of the clay mixture in his or her earthenware.
Well aware that he's wading into the debate stoked by the anti-religious fervor of the so-called new atheists, Lindsay proposes a measure of civility and religious tolerance tempered by the clear-eyed gaze of the secular humanist:
Of course, we must respect the religious. But respect is not manifested by treating the religious like children for fear they may be upset when someone questions their beliefs. That would be deeply insulting to our religious friends. They are our peers in all relevant respects, intellectually, morally, and otherwise. As fellow members of our moral community, they are entitled to have their beliefs treated seriously; they are entitled to have their beliefs probed, questioned, and critically examined; they are entitled to work with us in our efforts to understand reality.
Source: Free Inquiry
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Peter Kreymerman, MD, FACS
Ratings based on 11 reviews
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Episode 40: Mock draft talk and previewing the 2015 NFL Scouting Combine
in Sports
Matthew Faiburn of Syracuse.com and Dan Kadar of SB Nation are back to talk NFL Draft in episode 40 of the Mocking the Draft podcast. On this week's show we look ahead to next week's NFL Scouting Combine in Indianapolis. What are the key storylines? Why does the combine even matter? To participate or not participate?
They'll also go over their most recent mock drafts and pick out some of the more intersting choices and some of the more difficult fits.
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welcome to the one and only..NFL PODCAST ON BTR....LET'S TALK NFL DRAFT..WITH DRAFY UTOPIA..MR. CHRIS RANSOM...he knows more than i do..NFL COMBINE TALK..sleepers...will the food stealer go 2 the TAMPONS?...OR WILL THE EAGLES TRADE UP?..STEAL THE FIRST..who is the steal of the draft this year...DALLAS COWBOYS TALK..IF WE HAVE TIME..we shall whip thru the 45 mins of podcasting..live on the shoe...and SPREAKER..as well..and youtube...SHARE THE SHOW..TWEET..cowpoteradio on twitter..SPECULATION SPORTS AND COWPOTE PODCAST...i am on facebook as well...enjoy the show sports fans...and away we go
2015 NFL Draft Overview
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Early position-by-position overview of the top prospects for the 2015 NFL Draft.
Top 10 Scenarios for 2015 NFL Draft
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Top 10 Scenarios for 2015 NFL Draft + Scott Reynolds of Pewter Report & Jim Wyatt of the Nashville Tennessean.
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Matthew Fairburn of Syracuse.com and Dan Kadar of SB Nation are back with episode No. 39 of the Mocking the Draft podcast. On this week's show they'll take a quick look at the Super Bowl – don't worry, no talk about deflated footballs, #LeftShark or those terrible commercials. They'll take a look at some of the running back prospects in the 2015 NFL Draft and discuss the true value of a running back. They'll also review the potential loss of draft picks for the Atlanta Falcons, Cleveland Browns and New England Patriots. OK, maybe that means a little bit of deflated football talk.
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The staff at NFLMocks.com brings you a roundtable that all NFL/NFL Draft fans can enjoy. The staff spends hours breaking down film to get to know these prospects, and they'll be sharing their knowledge with you in this podcast. Host Joe Wedra will be joined by the website's staff that includes Erik Lambert, Sayre Bedinger, and potentially a few other guests. We hope you tune in for all of the latest happenings and NFL Draft prospect breakdowns!
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Fresh off a week in Indianapolis at the NFL Scouting Combine, Matthew Fairburn of Syracuse.com and Dan Kadar of SB Nation look ahead to the draft. What is the biggest storyline coming out of Indianapolis and which players helped their draft stock? They'll look at that and more on episode 41 of the podcast.
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Today we breakdown what the Cowboys and Eagles should do in the upcoming NFL Draft.
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Recently invited to the NFL Super Regional Combine, Tavarus Dantzler is the one guy you don't know about - But should!
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Go one-on-one with this diamond in the rough that is about to be discovered and revealed on an NFL roster. For more on Dantzler go to College2Pro.com
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facebook.com/universalskatedesign - locoskates.com
Nick Lomax took the Win on the Spine/mini contest and then went on to Win the Street event also. It's no secret Nick is a huge asset to USD, and we would like to congratulate him once again on his incredible performance and professional behaviour, as always. Enjoy a selection of his tricks during the event in this RAW edit.
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February 28, 2015 - 10:57 GMT
Coastguard gets approval to use police weapons following Daesh's threats against Italy
February 28, 2015 - 10:00 GMT
Security Council, UNESCO further condemn destruction of artifacts in Mosul museum
February 28, 2015 - 09:25 GMT
Suicide bombings, sniper and mortar fire rock Samarra ahead of planned offensive
February 28, 2015 - 07:37 GMT
Director of National Intelligence James Clapper blames Turkey for influx of foreign fighters in Syria
February 26, 2015 - 12:53 GMT
Human Rights Watch recently published a report suggesting that Kurdish forces are barring Sunni Arabs from returning to disputed lands recently liberated from Daesh control.
February 26, 2015 - 10:30 GMT
A number of senior Daesh commanders were killed Thursday by US-led coalition airstrikes in the Iraqi town of al-Qaim, near the Syrian border.
February 25, 2015 - 07:36 GMT
The human rights organization Amnesty International urged the global community to halt weapon sales and shipments to countries accused of committing mass atrocities, such as Iraq, Syria, and Israel.
February 24, 2015 - 16:00 GMT
Police and medical officials say at least 15 people have been killed and a number of others injured when bomb explosions struck areas in and around Iraq's capital, Baghdad.
February 24, 2015 - 07:26 GMT
As new US Defense Secretary Ash Carter takes office, around 800 Iraqi forces, bolstered by U.S. warplanes, prepare to take on Daesh for control of the western town of al-Baghdadi.
February 23, 2015 - 11:44 GMT
France dispatched a fighter jet towards Iraq Monday to launch further airstrikes against Daesh targets as part of the US-led coalition.


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post #2401 of 3844
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It's been a while since a listened to a current model, but from everything I've read over at audiokarma, a fully restored/recapped 2205 is on par with their current amps. I don't know if it's the type of caps I used or not(all nichicon muse) but I would discribe the sound as only slightly warm. The gsx mkii for example would be warm compared to my 2205. But if they did keep the same sonic sig throughout the years, then we definitely agree with the bass qualities. But the slight warmth and boosted(but still tight) bass from the 2205 do make them sound fun.


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When we were ickle bits we had a favourite story book that had these gorgeous silhouette illustrations from the legendary Jan Pienkowski; and seeing this cake reminds us of long forgotten fairytales. So if you want to add to your own wedding fairytale, then all you need to do is whizz over a picture and the slightly mega Simply Silhouettes will create a rather mega cake topper. To cop one of these gorgeous pieces – head on over to their shop! Cake topping loveliness! *sigh*
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The Lovely Silhouette {Up on the blog} http://fb.me/PECMzQJE
The Lovely Silhouette – Beyond Beyond | Beyond Beyond http://bit.ly/mBnyPe #wordpress #wp
Awesome find! These are so unique x
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I love the cake topper!
I'm from Brazil and my wedding is in late March of next year.
Was time to order the cake topper?Thank you!
- Inspired by Burlap | WeddingWire: The Blog
- {things we love} silhouettes » Nebraska Wedding Day Blog
- Wiley Valentine » Pinterest Pretties {sweet & pink}
- Dulces tentaciones « Pick your style
- Topos de bolo fofos e inspiradores | Casa de Sobra
- Things I Love: Over-the-Top Wedding Cakes - Love Life Family...Travels
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total posts: 10
Crab Rangoons. Crab and Cream Cheese combine to make dumplings of deliciousness.
Crispy and addictive Pan Fried Duck with Massaman Curry Sauce.
Put leftover mash to good use in this Curried Cauliflower & Potato Soup. A great winter warmer & it empties out that fridge. Win!
Roasted Butternut Squash and Bean Mash. This sweet, luxurious and creamy mash is the stuff carb-free dreams are made of. Happy Thanksgiving!
Warm Lentil Superfood Salad - A quick and easy superfood salad, packed with all the good stuff so you can continue being hot stuff.
A spicy Thai twist on the classic chilled tomato soup.
Take a flavour ride with there goats' cheese stuffed jalapeños, topped with sweet fig and salty bacon.
Kohlrabi Slaw-A fresh and easy alternative to the old cabbage based slaw. Plus you get to use this freaky alien turnip!
A fragrant and vibrant pesto that makes potatoes really pack a punch!
Gin, Ginger beer & Elderflower Fizz. A cocktail to beat the heat while you get those pasty legs out! {recipe}


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2nd hand cars for sale in sri lanka
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Audi Q7
The Audi Q7 has been the biggest selling car in its class ever since its launch. The Q7 is a tough looking SUV. Accents at the front and rear contribute to the visual impact. Single-frame radiator grill in high gloss black with vertical chrome bars adds robustness to the car in conjunction with new ... read more
Mercedes Benz CL Class
Mercedes Benz CL Class comes in the Sedan category of cars. Mercedes Benz CL Class's engine has a displacement of 5461 CC while its transmission is of Automatic type. The fuel type of the car is Petrol. Mercedes Benz CL Class has a mileage of 0.0 Km/L. Mercedes Benz CL Class's dimensions are 5065X1871X1419 mm (length X width X height). Mercedes Benz CL Class costs Rs. 1,19,74,861 (ex-showroom, New Delhi) ... read more
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In India the hot hatch segment started with the Palio 1.6. It was a starting of a new revolution, however these days the hot hatch is limited to one o ... read more
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After sale servise from Navjivan Hyundai (Udhna,Surat) is very bad. Not only they are not doing good service but I found that they are making damage in car and not taking responsibility of that.In my 2nd free service,they have damaged my CNG kit.And they did not informed me.By my luck,i was protecteread more
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We test the quickest of panthers: Jaguar XF S
The demand for luxury cars is on the rise in the country. There are several German cars that are vying for high sales figures in this segment and, whi read more
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What cars are upcoming for the year 2013? We pick our top 5, and in case you haven't clicked the play button, why don't you make your guesses? ...view video
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SD football: Large getting larger, small getting smaller
Championship week at the DakotaDome in Vermillion has never been so busy, with 14 of the top high school football teams in South Dakota playing for titles over three days.
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Dr. Pauline Greenhill Lecture on Fairy Tales and Transsexual Imagination
Event: |
Dr. Pauline Greenhill Lecture on Fairy Tales and Transsexual Imagination The Center for Folklore Studies presents a lecture by Dr. Pauline Greenhill, "If thou be woman, be now man!" Fairy Tales as Transsexual Imagination," part of the CFS Fairy-Tale Trajectories series on Monday, February 18, 2013 from 4:00pm - 5:30pm in the Student-Alumni Council Room at the Ohio Union. This event is co-sponsored by the OSU Folklore Student Association. Pauline Greenhill is Professor of Women's and Gender Studies at the University of Winnipeg and past president of the Canadian Women's Studies Association. She studied folklore at Memorial University of Newfoundland and then the University of Texas at Austin. Her wide-ranging and prize-winning research includes the co-edited 2-volume Encyclopedia of Women's Folklore and Folklife (2008), the festival study Make the Night Hideous: Four English Canadian Charivaris, 1881-1940 (2010); the co-edited Fairy Tale Film and Cinematic Folklore: Visions of Ambiguity (2010), and the just-published Transgressive Tales: Queering the Grimms (with Kay Turner). |
Date and time: | February 18, 2013 4:00 PM - 5:30 PM |
Location: | Ohio Union Student-Alumni Council Room, Ohio Union |
Contact: | Cassie Patterson |
Phone Number: | 6142921639 |
Event category: | Arts and Sciences & English |
Event Type: | Lecture |


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Thursday, March 5, 2015
Thomas Pulls into Movie Town
Popular preschooler series Thomas & Friends is on track for a feature film, according to The Hollywood Reporter.
HIT Entertainment, which makes the TV version of the property, ... Continue Reading →
Studio Ghibli Announces Bamboo Cutter
Acclaimed anime maker Studio Ghibli's next film will be Taketori Monogatari (The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter), an adaptation of the classic Japanese fairy tale to be directed by ... Continue Reading →
Toy Story Movies Return in 3-D
The Toys are back in town.
The re-release of Pixar's Toy Story and Toy Story 2 as a 3-D double feature arrives this week for its two-week limited run in 1,745 theaters. The special ... Continue Reading →
Astro Boy Breaks into China With Day and Date Opening
Imagi Entertainment's new CG adaptation of Astro Boy is set to bow Oct. 23 in China ' the same date as its U.S. release.
The move is notable for breaking into the October ... Continue Reading →
Classic, Timeless to Deliver Postman Pat Movie
Classic Media has teamed up with Timeless Films to make a 3-D animated Postman Pat feature film for 2011.
The film will be produced as stop-motion, with CG and 3-D effects, with Timeless ... Continue Reading →
Animag's Press Box Runs Down MIPCOM Offerings
MIP Junior and MIPCOM are bearing down, and animation producers and broadcasters from all over the globe are getting their shows and pitches ready for the annual market and conference ... Continue Reading →
Scooby-Doo!, Adult Swim Score in Quarterly CN Ratings
Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins and Adult Swim lead the way in third quarter ratings for Cartoon Network.
Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins, a hybrid live-action and CG-animation TV movie, ... Continue Reading →
VOOZ, Screen 21 Team Up On Canimal
VOOZ and BRB's Screen 21 are teaming up to produce Canimal, an animated series for preschoolers.
The first co-production between the two, Canimal will be unveiled at the Brand ... Continue Reading →
Chapman Launches Charley, Rah Rah on CBeebies
Chapman Entertainment has placed two co-production series for infants ' Little Charley Bear and Rah Rah The Noisy Lion ' with CBeebies in the U.K.
Little Charley Bear is ... Continue Reading →
Piven, Perlman Add Voices to Marmaduke
The actors behind Ari Gold, Hellboy and McLovin are lending their voices to the live-action and CG-animated hybrid adaptation of the comic strip Marmaduke.
According to ComingSoon.net, ... Continue Reading →


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Microtel Inn & Suites by Wyndham Mason/Kings Island | 5 days ago | $51 | |
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Hotel | Reviews | Stars | Price from |
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76 reviews
$52 | |
La Quinta Inn & Suites Cincinnati Northeast |
3.4 / 5
39 reviews
$52 | |
Super 8 Mason |
2.9 / 5
51 reviews
$44 | |
Quality Inn & Suites Mason |
3.3 / 5
29 reviews
$53 | |
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4.2 / 5
38 reviews
$190 | |
Baymont Inn & Suites Mason |
3.0 / 5
29 reviews
$49 | |
Comfort Suites Mason |
4.0 / 5
8 reviews
$69 | |
Hyatt Place Cincinnati-Northeast |
4.0 / 5
33 reviews
$89 | |
Hilton Garden Inn Cincinnati/Mason |
3.8 / 5
5 reviews
$87 | |
Hampton Inn Cincinnati-Kings Island |
3.6 / 5
5 reviews
$92 |
Featured Mason Hotels
A luxurious hot tub and indoor heated swimming pool provide perfect options for R&R at this Mason hotel where hospitality is an art. At the BEST WESTERN Mason Inn, guests are treated like VIPs... More
lesiure trip
The Quality Inn and Suites hotel in Mason, OH is located just minutes south of Kings Island. Many restaurants are within walking distance. We are also just minutes from Paul Brown Stadium and Great... More
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Family-friendly lodge with 401 suites is a destination unto itself The family-friendly Great Wolf Lodge is adjacent to Kings Island Amusement Park. It also features the Bear Track Landing... More
Good weekend getaway
4 Hyatt Place Cincinnati-Northeast
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Hyatt Place Cincinnati-Northeast is conveniently located off of I-71 at exit 19 on Cincinnati's northeast side. We offer close proximity to a number of corporate headquarters and office parks, the... More
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Basic rooms and suites with easy access to Cincinnati attractions Baymont Inn and Suites Mason offers basic accommodations around the corner from the Beach Waterpark and just down the road from... More
great place great value
Cincinnati hotel near Kings Island with numerous amenities Like most La Quinta properties, La Quinta Inn and Suites Cincinnati Northeast is a pet-friendly property that provides guests with... More
Excellent experience!
7 Microtel Inn & Suites by Wyndham Mason/Kings Island
5324 Beach Blvd Map
Stay 3, Save 20%
Welcome to the Microtel Inn & Suites by Wyndham Mason/Kings Island hotel. Conveniently located just 10 minutes north of Cincinnati off of I-71, this is the place to stay for leisure or business... More
Location Loacation Location!!!
8 Homewood Suites by Hilton Cincinnati Mason, OH
5325 Natorp Boulevard Map
Free hot breakfast and high speed internet access
Enjoy warm hospitality, spacious accommodations and contemporary business and leisure amenities when you stay at Homewood Suites by Hilton® Cincinnati Mason, OH. Ideally located in Mason's business... More
9 Hampton Inn Cincinnati-Kings Island
5323 Beach Blvd. Map
Free On The House hot breakfast, Wi-Fi
where families come for fun...welcome to the Hampton Inn Cincinnati-Kings Island.You might think the city of Mason is just another small town on the outskirts of Cincinnati. Boy, would you be... More
Perfect driving break
10 Hilton Garden Inn Cincinnati/Mason
5200 Natorp Blvd Map
Complimentary wired and Wi-Fi Internet Access
The Hilton Garden Inn Cincinnati/Mason hotel near Kings Island Ohio is a new, full-service hotel just outside of Cincinnati, Ohio. Our new hotel in Mason, Ohio strives to provide friendly service... More
More than what I expected
Basic rooms and free breakfast near Kings Island and Cincinnati Super 8 Mason offers a convenient place to stay for families visiting nearby Kings Island on a commercial roadway just off... More
12 Cincinnati Marriott Northeast
9664 S Mason Montgomery Road Map
Rate includes breakfast
Located in the suburb of Mason, Ohio, our Kings Island hotel is near businesses, such as Wellpoint, Luxottica, Cintas, popular attractions, shopping and more. We are the closest Marriott hotel to... More
Holiday Inn Express & Suites-Mason , is 100% non-smoking and boasts a name travelers can trust paired with genuine service unrivaled by area hotels. Our Mason facility attracts guests of varying... More
Work trip
At King's Island Amusement Park. Tennis Center and Golf Center adjacent to property. Easy access to downtown Cincinnati and all nearby attractions. Hotel offers a complementary hot breakfast,... More


text:
Symptoms of a Spinal Compression Fracture
In this article
It is important to identify the symptoms of spinal compression fractures and notify your doctor right away. Sudden, severe back pain, especially in older women, may signal a spinal compression fracture or another serious condition.
Anyone with significant back pain -- especially a woman who is near or over age 50 -- should see a doctor. Most compression fractures in women over 50 are due to osteoporosis and treatment can help reduce the chance of further compression fractures.
Bone Scans and Bone Health Screenings
A bone density scan can detect thinning bones at an early stage. If you already have osteoporosis, bone scans can also tell you how fast the disease is progressing. But an abnormal bone scan can create as many questions as it answers. Who should get a bone density scan, and what do the results mean? If your bone density is below normal, what can you expect, and what should you do?
Read the Bone Scans and Bone Health Screenings article > >
One or more symptoms can indicate a spinal fracture:
- Sudden, severe back pain (though many times the symptoms can come on gradually and worsen over time)
- Worsening of pain when standing or walking
- Some pain relief when lying down
- Difficulty and pain when bending or twisting
- Loss of height
- Deformity of the spine - the curved, "hunchback" shape
The pain typically occurs with a slight back strain during an everyday activity, like:
- Lifting a bag of groceries
- Bending to the floor to pick something up
- Slipping on a rug or making a misstep
- Lifting a suitcase out of the trunk of a car
- Lifting the corner of a mattress when changing bed linens
Different Signs of Spinal Compression Fracture Pain
The pain experience of a spinal compression fracture can vary. For many people, the pain will subside while the bone is healing. That can take up to two or three months. Other people will continue feeling pain, even if the fracture has healed.
Not everyone feels a clear-cut spinal pain when a fracture occurs.
In some cases, there is virtually no pain involved with spinal compression fractures. The fractures may occur so gradually that the pain is relatively mild or unnoticeable. For some people, the pain may evolve into a chronic back ache in the injured area. For others, the gradual curving of the spine is the first indication that multiple fractures have occurred.
Signs of Multiple Spinal Compression Fractures
When multiple spinal compression fractures have occurred, there is considerable change in the spine. This can affect the internal organs and body functions:
- Height loss: With each fracture of a spinal bone, the spine loses some of its height. Eventually, after several collapsed vertebrae, the person's shorter stature will be noticeable.
- Kyphosis (curved back): These fractures often create wedge-shaped vertebral bones, which makes the spine bend forward. Eventually, neck and back pain may develop as your body tries to adapt.
- Stomach complaints: A shorter spine can compress the stomach, causing a bulging stomach and digestive problems like constipation, less appetite, and weight loss.
- Hip pain: The shorter spine brings the rib cage closer to the hip bones. If rib and hip bones are rubbing against each other, there will be discomfort and pain.
- Breathing problems: If the spine becomes severely compressed, lungs may not function properly and breathing can be seriously affected.
The symptoms of spinal compression fractures are obviously different for every person.
WebMD Medical Reference


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5 results for "titans"
NFL - Ranking the NFL's top prospects
Aaron SchatzFootball Outsiders ranks the top 25 prospects in the NFL, players under the age of 26 in the 2012 season and who have yet to establish themselves as a household name. Seahawks WR Doug Baldwin tops the list.
Story | Conversation | July 17, 2012 -
NFL - Drew Brees, Arian Foster lead Week 7's best performances
Vince VerheiVince Verhei examines the best and worst performances of Week 7 in the NFL. Drew Brees, Arian Foster and DeMarco Murray played well, while Charlie Whitehurst had a rough outing.
Story | Conversation | October 24, 2011 -
Analysis of best remaining NFL free agents - Football Outsiders
Ned MaceySome of free agency's biggest names have found new teams in the past few weeks, but there are still a few left unsigned who could contribute in a big way for a team next season. Football Outsiders breaks down their prospects going forward.
Story | Conversation | August 03, 2010 -
Switch to 3-4 could propel Cards to playoffs
Len PasquarelliIf the Arizona Cardinals claim their first playoff berth since 1998, the switch to the 3-4 defense may be a big reason why, Len Pasquarelli writes in Tip Sheet notes.
Story | Conversation | October 12, 2007 -
Break from coaching might be best for Haslett
Len PasquarelliJim Haslett's future in New Orleans is up in the air, and he may decide to take a break from coaching in 2006.
Story | Conversation | December 16, 2005


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4 Stocks Under $5 Soaring Higher
Zogenix (ZGNX - Get Report) is a specialty pharmaceutical company with two product candidates in late-stage development for the treatment of central nervous system disorders and pain. This stock is trading up 13.2% to $1.80 in recent trading.
Today's Range: $1.59-$1.88
52-Week Range: $1.31-$5.11 Volume: 249,000 Three-Month Average Volume: 358,306 Shares of ZGNX are soaring today after the company submitted an investigational new drug application to the FDA for Relday, which is a combination of its DosePro needle-free, subcutaneous drug delivery system plus a proprietary, subcutaneous once-monthly formulation of risperidone for treating schizophrenia. >>22 Biopharma Stocks With Breakout Potential From a technical perspective, ZGNX is bouncing hard here off some near-term support at $1.55 to $1.60 with decent volume. This move has pushed ZGNZ right below its 50-day moving average of $1.90. Traders should now look for long-biased trades in ZGNX if it can manage to take out its 50-day at $1.90, and then some major overhead resistance at $2.28 with high volume. Look for a sustained move or close above $1.90 to $2.28 with volume that's near or above 358,306 shares. If we get that action soon, then ZGNZ has a great chance of re-testing its March high of $2.90.Check Out Our Best Services for Investors
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Reviewed by: Dave GammonCategory: Book Reviews-
Film Review: Summers Moon (2009)
SYNOPSIS: Summer has run away from home in search of the father she thought had died years ago. Armed with only a pistol and a picture of her father Summer heads to the small town that was his last known whereabouts. Little does Summer know that all small towns have their own secrets and help from the handsome stranger Tom leads her to learn some of the towns dirtier ones. REVIEW: Directed by: Lee DeMarbre … Continue reading →


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Katie Holmes and Jeanne Yang Land at LAX | Pictures
Katie Holmes Touches Down With Her Holmes & Yang Business Partner
Katie Holmes landed at LAX yesterday with her business partner, Jeanne Yang, by her side. Jeanne started working with Katie as a stylist many years ago, and in 2008 the duo then teamed up to launch their aptly named fashion line, Holmes & Yang. Katie and Jeanne showed the latest Holmes & Yang collection during NYFW for intimate groups of editors but had to delay the presentations, as last month's big blizzard blanketed the city.
Katie has been focusing on her fashionable pursuits since her Broadway play, Dead Accounts, closed in early January after weeks of slow ticket sales. Despite it, Katie isn't abandoning her acting career. She'll next appear in a movie adaptation of the Anton Chekhov play The Seagull, which she shot in Connecticut last year alongside costars including Skyfall's Ben Wishaw.
- Michelle Williams says she's "so good" at raising daughter Matilda — Us Weekly
- Hilary Duff gets candid about her divorce — HuffPost Celebrity
- Tom Brady and Gisele Bündchen step out after the Super Bowl — Lainey Gossip
- The Duggars come under fire for "cat bowling" stunt — Dlisted
- Madonna has some advice for Kanye West — ET
- Which model sisters met up in snowy NYC? — JustJared
- See Selena Gomez's latest Adidas campaign — Hollywood Tuna
- ABC Family airs youngest same-sex kiss in TV history — Pink Is the New Blog
- Anna Wintour wants babies banned from fashion shows — The Superficial


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I own both the 9mm and the 22lr and both have thousands of rounds through them and both perform flawlessly. The 22 is low enough a caliber and since the first production of the 9mm they've learned to use better materials in the spots that had cracking issues. I'm not saying there wont be a problem, but with proper maintenance and understanding they're a great gun for the buck!
I have bought and taken some pretty crummy guns as part of trades that I have made over the years and I can truthfully say that the Jennings /Jimenez/Bryco/Rohm/Lorcin have been the worst. Food for thought for all the supporters of the Bryco family of cheap guns: would you bet your life on it's reliability?
Fortunately I have several guns. I don't have to bet my life on a Jimenez. If I was poor or disadvantaged I would rather bet my life on a Jimenez than a rock. We are fortunate America has smiled on us. We have nice guns and plenty of ammo to practice with. In a SHTF situation your damned skippy I would bet my life on a Jimenez. If you like survival you would, well excuse me you wouldn't. You have already admitted you can't make a Jimenez run. You would die and wild dogs would eat your corpse.
Semper paratus.....virtute et armis
If a mod comes along I hope they close this thread. It's beyond pointless now.
Oh dern.... Revelation 19:11 And I saw heaven opened, and behold a white horse; and he that sat upon him was called Faithful and True, and in righteousness he doth judge and make war.
I do believe this thread has run it's course. There are those who like them and those who don't. That's it.


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'From Dusk Till Dawn: The Series' Available August 19th On NetflixReported by Outsiders - 10:17 PM 2014.08.20
Beginning Tuesday, August 19th fans of "From Dusk Till Dawn: The Series" will get a chance to experience the thrill ride all over again with the launch of the entire 10-episode first season on Netflix. Based on the cult-classic film of the same name, the series from creator/executive producer/ director Robert Rodriguez (who has created such films as Sin City, Desperado, From Dusk Till Dawn) premiered on the Rodriguez founded El Rey Network this past March. The first season is already available on the Netflix service in its international markets including: UK, Ireland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, Canada, and Latin America.
The Netflix launch comes on the heels of a recent announcement from El Rey Network that the series (the first original on the network) will begin production on season two in Austin, TX this October. Returning are all leading cast members including Wilmer Valderrama, D.J. Cotrona, Zane Holtz and Eiza Gonzalez. "From Dusk Till Dawn: The Series" is centered around bank robber, Seth Gecko (Cotrona) and his violent, unpredictable brother, Richard "Richie" Gecko (Holtz), who are wanted by the FBI and Texas Rangers Earl McGraw (Johnson) and Freddie Gonzalez (Garcia) after a bank heist leaves several people dead. While on the run to Mexico, Seth and Richie encounter former pastor Jacob Fuller (Patrick) and his family, whom they take hostage. Using the family RV to cross the border, chaos ensues when the group detours to a strip club that is populated by vampires. They are forced to fight until dawn in order to get out alive. The series deepens the tone and expands the storyline of the film, adds new characters and backstories, and explores the Mesoamerican mythology behind the creatures inside the club. The international cast of season one includes: D.J. Cotrona (Dear John, G.I. Joe: Retaliation); Zane Holtz (Holes, The Perks of Being a Wallflower); Jesse Garcia (Quinceañera, Sons of Anarchy); Eiza González (Lola: Érase Una Vez); Wilmer Valderrama (That '70s Show, To Whom It May Concern); Adrianne Palicki (Friday Night Lights, G.I. Joe: Retaliation); Jake Busey (Starship Troopers, Enemy of the State, Identity); Don Johnson (Django Unchained, Nash Bridges); Madison Davenport (Save Me, Shameless); Lane Garrison (Bonnie & Clyde, Prison Break); Robert Patrick (Terminator 2: Judgment Day, The X-Files); and Brandon Soo Hoo (Tropic Thunder, Ender's Game, Incredible Crew). "From Dusk Till Dawn: The Series" is an El Rey Network production in association with Rodriguez International Pictures, FactoryMade Ventures, Miramax and Sugar Cane Entertainment. Executive producers are Robert Rodriguez, Carlos Coto (also showrunner), Diego Gutierrez (also writer) and FactoryMade Ventures and El Rey Network co-founders John Fogelman and Cristina Patwa. Commentsblog comments powered by DisqusMORE television NEWS |
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