text:
Correlation between liver weight and blood serum biochemical parameters in force fed interspecific are also found between large-liver and small-liver animals and with high weight gain or low gain. The following correlations are : liver size and GOT, r = + 0.583 ; liver size and GPT, r = + 0.490 ; liver size
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
The dynamics of blood biochemical parameters in cosmonauts during long-term space flights
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Most of the previously obtained data on cosmonauts' metabolic state concerned certain stages of the postflight period. In this connection, all conclusions, as to metabolism peculiarities during the space flight, were to a large extent probabilistic. The purpose of this work was study of metabolism characteristics in cosmonauts directly during long-term space flights. In the capillary blood samples taken from a finger, by "Reflotron IV" biochemical analyzer, "Boehringer Mannheim" GmbH, Germany, adapted to weightlessness environments, the activity of GOT, GPT, CK, gamma-GT, total and pancreatic amylase, as well as concentration of hemoglobin, glucose, total bilirubin, uric acid, urea, creatinine, total, HDL- and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides had been determined. HDL/LDL-cholesterol ratio also was computed. The crewmembers of 6 main missions to the "Mir" orbital station, a total of 17 cosmonauts, were examined. Biochemical tests were carryed out 30-60 days before lounch, and in the flights different stages between the 25-th and the 423-rd days of flights. In cosmonauts during space flight had been found tendency to increase, in compare with basal level, GOT, GPT, total amylase activity, glucose and total cholesterol concentration, and tendency to decrease of CK activity, hemoglobin, HDL-cholesterol concentration, and HDL/LDL � cholesterol ratio. Some definite trends in variations of other determined biochemical parameters had not been found. The same trends of mentioned biochemical parameters alterations observed in majority of tested cosmonauts, allows to suppose existence of connection between noted metabolic alterations with influence of space flight conditions upon cosmonaut's body. Variations of other studied blood biochemical parameters depends on, probably, pure individual causes.
Markin, Andrei; Strogonova, Lubov; Balashov, Oleg; Polyakov, Valery; Tigner, Timoty
The effects of copper on blood and biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Metals are released into aquatic systems from many sources, often at sublethal concentrations. The effects of sublethal concentrations of metals on fish are not entirely understood. The objective of this study was to determine the hematological and biochemical effects of a range of copper concentrations (6.4, 16.0, 26.9 ??g Cu/L) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) over a prolonged period of time. Trout were exposed to copper, and, at intervals of 3, 7, 14, and 21 days, selected parameters were evaluated. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, plasma glucose, and plasma cortisol levels were elevated in trout exposed to 26.9 ??g Cu/L at day 3 and then returned to levels comparable to control fish. Plasma protein and lactate levels were not significantly altered in trout from any copper treatment. Hepatic copper concentration and hepatic metallothionein mRNA expression were consistently elevated in trout exposed to 26.9 ??g Cu/L. Both of these parameters stabilized by day 3, with only hepatic copper concentration showing a further increase at day 21. Hepatic copper concentration and hepatic metallothionein mRNA expression appear to be robust indicators of copper exposure. Most blood-based parameters evaluated appear to be associated with a transitory, nonspecific stress response. The return of elevated hematological and biochemical parameters to control levels after 3 days and thestabilization of hepatic metallothionein mRNA expression and copper concentration over a similar time period suggested acclimation to dissolved copper at 26.9 ??g/L. Further analysis of the data on blood-based parameters indicated that certain parameters (hemoglobin, hematocrit, plasma glucose, plasma cortisol) may be useful in field monitoring.
Dethloff, G.M.; Schlenk, D.; Khan, S.; Bailey, H.C.
Introduction Morbid obesity needs to be treated by bariatric procedures. Proper dietary preparation of patients before surgery conditions their postoperative status. Aim Assessment of dietary habits, nutritional status and biochemical parameters of the blood in patients being prepared for different bariatric procedures. Material and methods The study involved a group of 27 obese adults: 19 women (mean age: 40.4 �13.9 years) and 8 men (mean age: 39.6 �12.7 years) qualified for bariatric procedures. Body composition, dietary habits and selected biochemical parameters of blood were assessed. Statistical analysis of the results was conducted using Statistica 9.0. Results Daily food rations consumed by women provided 1910.6 �915.9 kcal/day, and by men 2631 �1463.2 kcal/day on average. In both groups, the consumption of major nutrients was found to be inadequate. In both groups, deficiency was observed in the dietary intake of folic acid and potassium. Additionally, there was a decrease in the intake of vitamin D3, calcium and iron in women and magnesium in men. In the two groups, disturbances were noted in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. Conclusions Our study indicates the necessity for dietary instructions in bariatric patients with regard to proper dietary habits and to reduce the risk of malnutrition before and after surgery. PMID:23256020
Ostrowska, Lucyna; Hady, Hady Razak; Dadan, Jacek
The effects of different dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) on growth performance, nitrogen (N) metabolism and some blood biochemical parameters were investigated in 2 to 3 months old growing rabbits. A total of 150 growing rabbits of 2 months age were randomly divided into five groups according to average body weight, with 30 rabbits in each group. The DEB levels of the five experimental diets were ?154, ?3.16, +201, +347, and +500 meq/kg of dry matter (DM), respectively. There was a 7-d adaptation period and a 23-d experimental period. The results showed that the DEB levels had a quadratic affect on the average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p<0.001). The greatest ADFI was achieved when the DEB level was +201 meq/kg DM. Fecal N (FN) content linearly decreased (0.047), while digestible N (DN), retained N (RN), efficiency of intake N converted into digestible N (DN/IN) and the efficiency of intake N converted into retained N (RN/IN) linearly increased with the DEB increase (0.020, 0.004, 0.021, and 0.049, respectively). Serum phosphorus (P) ion content linearly increased with the DEB increase (p = 0.036). The DEB had a quadratic relationship with serum anion gap (AG) (p = 0.002) and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) content (p = 0.016). The DEB levels quadratically affected base excess (BE) in the plasma (p<0.001). In conclusion, the DEB unaffected growth performance but affected feed intake, N metabolism and some blood biochemical parameters of growing rabbits. PMID:25049763
Li, J. W.; Wang, X. P.; Wang, C. Y.; Zhu, Y. L.; Li, F. C.
The effects of MS-222 and clove oil on blood biochemical parameters of juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) were studied. MS-222 caused higher glucose (GLU) concentrations in anaesthetic test groups than for the control group. Triglyceride (TGL) concentrations of fish in the 140 and 160mgL-1 groups were also significantly higher than those of other groups. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity in the 140mgL-1 group was significantly higher than the level in 80, 100 and 120mgL-1 groups. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity in the 140mgL-1 group was significantly higher than those in the 100 and 120mgL-1 groups. Levels of total protein (TP), cholesterol (CHOL) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in anaesthetic test groups were not significantly influenced by MS-222. Clove oil did not have significant effects on levels of GLU, TP, CHOL, ALT and ALP. TGL concentration of fish exposed to 180mgL-1 clove oil was significantly higher than those of the rest anaesthetic groups. AST activities of fish exposed to 120, 150 and 180mgL-1 were significantly higher than those of 60 and 90mgL-1. Overall, TGL and AST could be potentially used as indicators of anaesthetic stress for juvenile Siberian sturgeon. Based on blood biochemical parameters, the appropriate anaesthetic concentrations of MS-222 and clove oil were 80-120mgL-1 and 60-90mgL-1, respectively. Clove oil was a promising alternative to MS-222. ?? 2011 Blackwell Verlag, Berlin.
Feng, G.; Zhuang, P.; Zhang, L.; Kynard, B.; Shi, X.; Duan, M.; Liu, J.; Huang, X.
In this study, we administered various diets of stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4n-3) soybean oil to rats and examined the subsequent blood and organ biochemical parameters. Male Wistar rats (seven rats/group, six groups total) were fed diets supplemented with a test oil for 4 weeks. Diets containing test oils were: FFC diet (fish-oil-free control diet), C diet (control group, assuming a Japanese diet), SDA25 diet (25% 18:4n-3 soybean oil in the C diet), SDA50 (50% 18:4n-3 soybean oil in the C diet), ALA diet (34% flaxseed oil in the C diet), and EPA+DHA diet (34% fish oil in the C diet). The intake of 18:4n-3 showed increased relative efficiency of 20:5n-3 accretions in serum and liver triacylglycerol and significantly decreased the serum triacylglycerol level in rats. The results suggested that the consumption of 18:4n-3 soybean oil may modify the lipid and fatty acid profiles of body fats, even when EPA and DHA derived from fish is consumed. PMID:23219237
Kawabata, Terue; Shimoda, Kazumi; Horiguchi, Sayaka; Domon, Marina; Hagiwara, Chie; Takiyama, Miho; Kagawa, Yasuo
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
A study was conducted using 240 female day-old broiler chicks to evaluate the effects of dietary chromium picolinate (CrPic), peppermint essential oil (P.mint), or their combination on growth performance and blood biochemical parameters of female broiler chicks raised under heat stress conditions (HS, 23.9 to 38 �C cycling). Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were obtained from 1 to 42 days of age. Furthermore, at the end of the experiment (day 42), birds were bled to determine some blood biochemical parameters and weighed for final body weight (BW). ADFI, ADG, and BW were not influenced significantly by dietary CrPic and P.mint ( P > 0.05). A significant interaction between dietary CrPic and P.mint on FCR ( P = 0.012) was detected. FCR significantly decreased in chicks fed the diet including both CrPic and P.mint compared with the CrPic group. Significant interaction between dietary P.mint and CrPic on serum concentrations of triglycerides, glucose, and albumin were observed ( P < 0.05), but the other measured blood biochemical parameters were not statistically affected by dietary treatments ( P > 0.05). The serum concentrations of glucose, triglycerides were decreased ( P < 0.05) in broilers fed the diet including both CrPic and P.mint. Plasma chromium (Cr) content increased significantly ( P < 0.05) in birds fed the CrPic-included diet compared with the control group ( P < 0.05). From the results of the present experiment it can be concluded that dietary supplementation with combined P.mint and CrPic could have beneficial effects on some blood biochemical parameters of female chicks reared under heat stress conditions.
Akbari, Mohsen; Torki, Mehran
We evaluated the effects of substituting various concentrations of dried molassed sugar beet pulp (SBP) for barley grain in low-forage diets on chewing behavior, ruminal fermentation, nutrient digestibilities and blood biochemical parameters using four ruminally cannulated Holstein steers in a 4�4 Latin square design over 28-day periods. Steers (368�8kg initial body weight) were fed 9.5kg of dietary dry matter (DM)
M. Mojtahedi; M. Danesh Mesgaran
The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the effect of selected vanadium and magnesium doses on certain haematological\\u000a and biochemical blood parameters in rats. Outbred 2-month-old, albino male Wistar rats received for a period of 6 weeks, as\\u000a a sole drinking liquid, the following water solutions: group II, sodium metavanadate (SMV) at a concentration of 0.125 mg\\u000a V\\/mL; group
Agnieszka ?cibior; Halina Zaporowska; Jaros?aw Ostrowski
Fifty-one Simmental crossbred steers (357.0 � 16.5 kg) were used to compare a standard total mix ration (TMR) with variants on animal performance, ruminal fermentation, blood biochemical parameters, and carcass characteristics. Corn grain and cotton seed meal were partially replaced by ensiled mulberry leaves (EML) or sun-dried mulberry fruit pomace (SMFP). Experimental diets had similar amounts of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and metabolizable energy (ME). Animals were divided into three groups: control group (CONT), 8% EML group, and 6.3% SMFP group. Performance, including average daily weight gain (ADG), and dry matter intake (DMI), was measured. Blood and rumen samples were collected at the end of the experiment (16 weeks). There were no differences in final body weight (P = 0.743), ADG (P = 0.425), DMI (P = 0.642), or ADG/DMI (P = 0.236) between the groups. There were no differences (P = 0.2024) in rumen pH values; ammonia N was lower (P = 0.0076) in SMFP than in the EML and CONT groups. There were differences in the concentrations of total and individual volatile fatty acids, while no differences were determined in blood biochemical parameters (i.e., plasma glucose, urea concentrations, triglycerides, total protein, insulin, IgG, alanine transaminase, and aspartate aminotransferase, P ? 0.098). No differences were observed in carcass characteristics (P ? 0.513), tenderness (P = 0.844), adipose and lean color values (P ? 0.149), and chemical composition (P ? 0.400); however, intramuscular fat was lower in the EML and SMFP groups compared to the CONT animals (P = 0.034). In conclusion, diets supplemented with these two mulberry products in an isocaloric and isonitrogenous manner have similar effects to corn grain and cotton seed meals on steer performance, blood biochemical parameters and carcass characteristics, with the exception of ruminal VFA concentrations and lower intramuscular fat content. PMID:24427304
Zhou, Zhenming; Zhou, Bo; Ren, Liping; Meng, Qingxiang
Inhalation toxicity of silicon dioxide aerosol (150, 300 mg/m(3)) daily over a period of 28 days was carried out in rats. The changes in respiratory variables during the period of exposure were monitored using a computer programme that recognizes the modifications of the breathing pattern. Exposure to the aerosol caused a time dependent decrease in tidal volume, with an increase in respiratory frequency compared to the control. Biochemical variables and histopathological observation were noted at 28th day following the start of exposure. Biochemical markers of silica induced lung injury like plasma alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and angiotensine converting enzyme activities increased in a concentration dependent manner compared to control. Increase in the plasma enzymatic activities indicates endothelial lung damage, increased lung membrane permeability. Histopathological observation of the lungs confirmed concentration dependent granulomatous inflammation, fibrosis and proteinacious degeneration. Aggregates of mononuclear cells with entrapped silica particles circumscribed by fibroblast were observed in 300 mg/m(3) silica aerosol exposed group at higher magnification. Decrease in tidal volume and increase in respiratory frequency might be due to the thickening of the alveolar wall leading to a decreased alveolar volume and lowered elasticity of the lung tissue. The trends in histological and biochemical data are in conformity with the respiratory data in the present study. This study reports for the first time, the changes in respiratory variables during silica aerosol exposure over a period of 28 days. PMID:22974794
Deb, Utsab; Lomash, Vinay; Raghuvanshi, Suchita; Pant, S C; Vijayaraghavan, R
A two-month trial was conducted to investigate the effects of pelleting rations with 70:30, 65:35, and 60:40 concentrate to high-quality roughage (alfalfa hay) ratios on hematological and biochemical parameters of ostriches. A total of 18 seven-month-old male ostrich chicks, initially weighing an average of 60-70 kg, were distributed into three different outdoor paddocks at a stocking density of six birds per paddock. In the morning, blood collection was made from the wing vein after about 12 h of fasting. All rations resulted in no significant change in hematological parameters. However, with increasing alfalfa inclusion rate, the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio tended to be lower (P = 0.089); whereas the values of hemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) tended to be higher (P values 0.069, 0.072 and 0.094, respectively). In terms of plasma biochemical parameters, increasing the ratio of concentrate to alfalfa hay in ostrich diets resulted in significant (P < 0.05) depression in the values of glucose (up to 20.2 %), total cholesterol (up to 19.2 %), creatine kinase (up to 27.9 %), and aspartate aminotransferase (up to 29.9 %). Additionally, the 65:35 or 60:40 rations caused a decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (27.9 and 42 %, respectively; P = 0.008) compared to the 70:40 ration. Without exception, no rations affected the values of leukocyte subsets, total protein, albumin, globulin, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low density lipoprotein. Based on our results, the concentrate to alfalfa ratio of 60:40 could be suggested as optimum ratio for good health conditions of juvenile ostriches. PMID:23575919
Ghasemi, Hossein Ali; Kazemi-Bonchenari, Mehdi; Khaltabadi-Farahani, Amir Hossein; Khodaei Motlagh, Mahdi
Biochemical and Biomechanical Aspects of Blood Flow
The blood vital functions are adaptative and strongly regulated. The various processes associated with the flowing blood involve\\u000a multiple space and time scales. Biochemical and biomechanical aspects of the human blood circulation are indeed strongly coupled.\\u000a The functioning of the heart, the transduction of mechanical stresses applied by the flowing blood on the endothelial and\\u000a smooth muscle cells of the
M. Thiriet
Introduction��A controlled intervention trial was conducted to assess the impact of spinach consumption on DNA stability in lymphocytes\\u000a and on health-related biochemical parameters.\\u000a \\u000a \\u000a \\u000a \\u000a Methods��The participants (n�=�8) consumed homogenised spinach (225�g\\/day\\/person) over a period of 16�days. DNA migration was monitored in single cell\\u000a gel electrophoresis�comet assays under standard conditions, which reflect single- and double-strand breaks, after treatment\\u000a of nuclei with lesion-specific
Beate Moser; Thomas Szekeres; Christian Bieglmayer; Karl-Heinz Wagner; Miroslav Mi��k; Michael Kundi; Oliwia Zakerska; Armen Nersesyan; Nina Kager; Johann Zahrl; Christine Hoelzl; Veronika Ehrlich; Siegfried Knasmueller
Comparative study has been carried of effect of the three-day long starvation, running, and their combination on morphological parameters of rat blood, lipid metabolism, and activity of blood Na,K-ATPase. Different effect has been shown of these stress factors on the blood erythrocyte composition. Starvation is accompanied by the most pronounced release of stored erythrocyte into blood, which results in a significant decrease both of the total amount of reticulocytes and the complete absence of reticulocytes of the I stage of maturity (the youngest). The running on treadmill led to a significant increase of the total amount of blood reticulocytes and to multiple increase of immature reticulocytes (RC-I and RC-II), which can indicate some stress of the bone marrow erythroid stem line. The curve of acid resistance of blood reticulocytes has shown the animal to experience the greatest stress at a combination of starvation and running. Starvation and running produced different effects on blood lipid characteristics. The content of triacylglycerides (TAG) in blood rose by 40% at starvation and decreased by 30% at running, a similar tendency being found for index of atherogeneity. The fatty acid composition of blood phospholipids at running and its combination with starvation practically did not differ from control. A change of Na,K-ATPase, which is so characteristic of reaction to various kinds of stress, sharply fell at starvation (by 22%), but increased at running (by 13%) and decreased markedly at combination of these actions. Absorption spectra of lipid extracts of the whole blood of the rats submitted to various stress actions showed that extracted from blood (at different amount depending on the kind of action) is an organic substance with coupled bonds, which absorbs light in the diapason of 360-620 nm. The absorption of light in the diapason of 400-410 nm has been found to belong to the Soret band of ferroheme and ferriheme. The shift of the Soret band indicates electron transitions in the iron cation. By the change and disappearance of the Soret band, it is possible to judge about the processes occurring in the lipid extract. The disappearance of the Soret band in the lipid extract indicates formation in it of steady radicals as a result of the ferriheme disintegration due to accumulation of energy in porphyrin, which does not seem to occur in the blood cell membranes. The iron atom in the ferriheme molecule is known to accept electron and yields a part of energy probably to porphyrin. Then ferriheme yields electron and becomes ferriheme with excess of energy in porphyrin. Hence, at admission of the next electron to the iron atom the porphyrin molecule is to get rid of the energy obtained earlier to prevent its disintegration. The heme is possible to be an accumulator and distributor of energy in tissue. PMID:23401964
Zabelinski?, S A; Chebotareva, M A; Tavrovskaia, T V; Skverchinskaia, E A; Shukoliukova, E P; Maslov, M N; Krivchenko, A I
Introduction. The current state-of the art points to a positive impact of copper (Cu) supplements on the general health status in poultry. Copper induces beneficial changes in the haematological and biochemical blood parameters. It also displays immunostimulating properties and helps maintain a proper microbiological balance in the digestive tract. Objective. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of Cu at the dose of 50 mg/kg BW, administered in organic and inorganic form, on the haematological and biochemical blood parameters and level of Cu bioaccumulation in the liver and pectoral muscle. Materials and method. The study was carried out on 45 BUT-9 turkeys which had been were reared for 16 weeks. They were divided into 3 experimental groups: I - the control group; II - fed with CuSO4 at the dose of 50 mg Cu�dm (-3) H2O; III - received a Cu chelate with lysine at the same dose. Results. The administration of Cu at the dose exceeding the nutritional recommendations did not induce beneficial changes in the examined birds. This indicates that it is not necessary to administer Cu doses higher than the recommended levels. The extent of Cu accumulation in the pectoral muscle increased by 40% compared to the control group, whereas in the liver it was higher by 30-35% than in the birds without Cu administration. The level of Cu in tissues does not pose a risk to consumers. Conclusions. The supplementation of Cu at the dose of 50 mg has a negative impact on the level of the analyzed parameters. The results of the presented study indicate that the administered Cu dose exceeds birds' demand for this element. PMID:25292130
Makarski, Bogus?aw; Gortat, Mateusz; Lechowski, Jerzy; Zukiewicz-Sobczak, Wioletta; Sobczak, Pawe?; Zawi?lak, Kazimierz
Bioimpedance spectroscopy as technique of hematological and biochemical analysis of blood
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bioimpedance spectroscopy may become a useful method for the express analysis and monitoring of blood parameters. The aim of this study was to identify biochemical and hematological parameters of blood that can be accurately predicted by means of bioimpedance technique. Hematological (red blood cell and white blood cell parameters) and biochemical (total proteins, albumins, fibrinogen, sodium, potassium, chloride ion concentrations in plasma) parameters were measured with a hematological analyzer and routine methods. Bioimpedance spectroscopy of the whole blood (1.5 ml) in frequency range 5-500 kHz (31 frequencies) was performed using BIA analyzer ABC-01 "Medass". Frequency relationships of resistance and reactance of the whole blood and the parameters of the Cole model were investigated. Close simple and multiple correlations of bioimpedance indices were observed only with erythrocyte parameters (Ht, Hb, RBC). Thus bioimpedance analysis of the whole blood can accurately predict red cell parameters but it is less effective for estimation of plasma biochemical and white cell parameters.
Malahov, M. V.; Smirnov, A. V.; Nikolaev, D. V.; Melnikov, A. A.; Vikulov, A. D.
The effect of Chenopodium quinoa seeds on lipid profile, glucose level, protein metabolism and selected essential elements (Na, K, Ca, Mg) level was determined\\u000a in high�fructose fed male Wistar rats. Fructose decreased significantly LDL [42%, p?p?p?0.01]. The analysis of blood of rats fed quinoa indicated, that these seeds effectively reduced serum total cholesterol\\u000a [26%, p?p?p?p?p?p?0.05] level in control group but
Pawe? Pa?ko; Pawe? Zagrodzki; Henryk Barto?; Joanna Ch?opicka; Shela Gorinstein
Comparison of Pigeon Guillemot, Cepphus columba, Blood Parameters
Comparison of Pigeon Guillemot, Cepphus columba, Blood Parameters from Oiled and Unoiled Areas the haematological and plasma biochemical pro®les among populations of pigeon guille- mots, Cepphus columba, in areas), Alaska. Pigeon guillemot populations in PWS were injured by EVOS and have not returned to pre
McGuire, A. David
Blood biochemical and cellular changes during decompression and simulated extravehicular activity
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Blood biochemical and cellular parameters were measured in human subjects before and after exposure to a decompression schedule involving 6 h of oxygen prebreathing. The exposure was designed to simulate extravehicular activity for 6 h (subjects performed exercise while exposed to 29.6 kPa). There were no significant differences between blood samples from subjects who were susceptible (n = 11) versus those who were resistant (n = 27) to formation of venous gas emboli. Although several statistically significant (P less than 0.05) changes in blood parameters were observed following the exposure (increases in white blood cell count, prothrombin time, and total bilirubin, and decreases in triglycerides, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood urea nitrogen), the changes were small in magnitude and blood factor levels remained within normal clinical ranges. Thus, the decompression schedule used in this study is not likely to result in blood changes that would pose a threat to astronauts during extravehicular activity.
Jauchem, J. R.; Waligora, J. M.; Johnson, P. C. Jr
Clinical, haematological and biochemical responses of sheep undergoing autologous blood transfusion
Background This study aimed to evaluate the clinical, haematological and biochemical responses to autologous blood transfusion and the feasibility of this practice in sheep. Thus, we used eight male, 8?months old sheep, weighing on average 30?kg, from which 15?mL/kg of whole blood was collected and stored in CPDA-1 bags. Blood samples were refrigerated for 8?days and subsequently re-infused. The clinical, haematological and biochemical parameters were evaluated before blood collection and reinfusion, after 10 minutes of collection and reinfusion, after 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 and 192 hours after collection and reinfusion. Results With respect to clinical parameters, we observed a decrease in heart rate after 24, 48 and 196 hours from reinfusion compared to basal values (p?0.05). Haematological variables including globular volume and erythrocyte counts showed a significant decrease (p?0.01) at all time points after collection and increased (p?0.01) at all time points after reinfusion. There was a significant increase in total protein and calcium at all time points after reinfusion (p?0.05). Conclusion Autologous transfusion in sheep slightly altered the physiological, biochemical and haematological responses of sheep, indicating that the technique proposed is safe and can be applied in the clinical practice of this species. The 8 d period was not sufficient for complete recovery of the haematological parameters after blood collection. PMID:22607611
Biochemical modifications induced in human blood by oxygenation-ozonation
Some biochemical effects determined on human blood after addition of a gas mixture composed of oxygen (?96%) and ozone (?4%) have been eval- uated. Ozone was used in a mild concentration rang- ing between 0.21 and 1.68 mM. Within few minutes after rapid mixing of the equal gas-liquid volumes, the ozone was consumed because by instantaneously reacting with biomolecules, generating
Velio Bocci; Carlo Aldinucci
[Biochemical and hematological values in the blood of the nutria].
Sixty-seven clinically healthy mature coypus were studied for some biochemical values in blood, 25 coypus were examined for the distribution of serum proteins and 20 ones for haematological values. Blood was sampled when the animals were killed and was examined by current laboratory methods. In comparison with the other animals, coypus had higher values of phosphorus and magnesium, and lower values of total protein and gamma globulins. The activity of enzymes (AST, ALT, GMT, ALP) was at the same level as in the other animals. Lower values of haemoglobin were found in coypus; the remaining haematological values are close to those in the other animals. PMID:6412418
Kom�rek, J
Influence of low-frequency vibration on changes of biochemical parameters of living rats
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The aim of the research was to investigate how some selected biochemical parameters of living rats depend on exposure of low-frequency vibrations. Experiments were run on 30 Wistar rats randomly segregated into three groups: (I) 20 days old (before puberty), (II) 70th day after; (III) control group. The exposure was repeated seven times, for 3 h, at the same time of day. Vibrations applied during the first tests of the experiment had acceleration 1.22 m/s2 and frequency 20 Hz. At the 135th day the rats' bones were a subject of morphometric/biochemical examination. The results of biochemical tests proved decrease in LDL and HDL cholesterol levels for exposed rats as well as the Ca contents in blood plasma. There was evident increasing of Ca in blood plasma in exposed rats for frequency of exposition.
Kasprzak, Cezary; Damijan, Zbigniew; Panuszka, Ryszard
The knowledge of the correct morphological and biochemical parameters in mute swans is an important indicator of their health status, body condition, adaptation to habitat and useful diagnostic tools in veterinary practice and ecological research. The aim of the study was to obtain hematological parameters in relation to age, sex and serum biochemistry values in wild-living mute swans. We found the significant differences in the erythrocyte count, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in relation to age of mute swans. There were no differences in hematological values between males and females. The leukogram and H/L ratio did not vary by age and sex in swans. Among of biochemical parameters the slightly increased AST, ALP, CK, K, urea, decreased CHOL and TG values were recorded. As far as we know, this is the first study in which the morphometric parameters of blood cells in mute swans were presented. We found extremely low concentration of lead in blood (at subthreshold level). No blood parasites were found in blood smears. The analysis of body mass and biometric parameters revealed a significant differences dependent on age and sex. No differences in the scaled mass index were found. Our results represent a normal hematologic and blood chemistry values and age-sex related changes, as reference values for the mute swan. PMID:24458848
Dolka, B; W?odarczyk, R; Zbikowski, A; Dolka, I; Szeleszczuk, P; Kluci?ski, W
Effect of Tamra Bhasma (Calcined Copper) on Ponderal and Biochemical Parameters
Introduction: Tamra Bhasma (TB) and its forms like Somnathi Tamra Bhasma (STB), etc., are in vogue since centuries in Ayurveda. The present study is carried out to evaluate the effect of TB and STB in different dose levels on ponderal and biochemical parameters in wistar strain albino rats to provide scientific basis for its safety profile. Materials and Methods: TB and STB were prepared as per the classical guidelines and administered to wistar strain albino rats for 45 consecutive days. Blood was collected and rats were sacrificed on the 46th day. Ponderal and biochemical parameters were studied. Results: Results showed significant decrease in serum cholesterol, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, total protein, and serum alkaline phosphatase levels. Comparatively, all the differences in between the groups are insignificant and no pathological changes at ponderal and biochemical levels were observed. Conclusion: Based on these observations, it can be said that these formulations can be safely used in cases of hyperlipidemia.
Chaudhari, Swapnil Y.; Ruknuddin, Galib; Biswajyoti, J Patgiri; Kumar, Prajapati Pradeep
Electrical parameters of human blood
Blood samples taken from healthy donors are diluted with 0.9% saline, to obtain samples with hematocrit values ranging from 31 to 50. Bio-impedance spectroscopy is then performed on these samples. Complex impedance measurements in the frequency range from 100 kHz to 1 MHz were fitted into Cole-Cole diagrams, using a LMS algorithm. Data were interpreted in terms of an equivalent
Yekta Ulgen; M. Sezdi
Temporal sequence of major biochemical events during Blood Bank storage of packed red blood cells
Background. We used sensitive spectroscopic techniques to measure changes in Band 3 oligomeric state during storage of packed red blood cells (RBC); these changes were compared to metabolic changes, RBC morphology, cholesterol and membrane protein loss, phospholipid reorganisation of the RBC membrane, and peroxidation of membrane lipid. The aim of the study was to temporally sequence major biochemical events occurring during cold storage, in order to determine which changes may underlie the structural defects in stored RBC. Materials and methods. Fifteen RBC units were collected from normal volunteers and stored under standard blood bank conditions; both metabolic changes and lipid parameters were measured by multiple novel assays including a new mass spectrometric measurement of isoprostane (lipid peroxidation) and flow cytometric assessment of CD47 expression. Band 3 oligomeric state was assessed by time-resolved phosphorescence anisotropy, and RBC morphology by microscopy of glutaraldehyde-fixed RBC. Results. Extracellular pH decreased and extracellular potassium increased rapidly during cold storage. Band 3 on the RBC membrane aggregated into large oligomers early in the storage period and coincident with changes in RBC morphology. Membrane lipid changes, including loss of unesterified cholesterol, lipid peroxidation and expression of CD47, also changed early during the storage period. In contrast loss of acetylcholinesterase activity and haemolysis of RBC occurred late during storage. Discussion. Our results demonstrate that changes in the macromolecular organisation of membrane proteins on the RBC occur early in storage and suggest that lipid peroxidation and/or oxidative damage to the membrane are responsible for irreversible morphological changes and loss of function during red cell storage. PMID:22507860
Karon, Brad S.; van Buskirk, Camille M.; Jaben, Elizabeth A.; Hoyer, James D.; Thomas, David D.
Effect of fire smoke on some biochemical parameters in firefighters of Saudi Arabia
Background Firefighters who are facing fires, are frequently exposed to hazardous materials including carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen chloride, benzene, sulphur dioxide, etc. This study aimed to evaluate some relevant serum biochemical and blood hematological changes in activity involved firefighters in comparison to normal subjects. Subjects and Methods Two groups of male firefighters volunteered to participate in the study. The first included 28 firefighters from Jeddah, while the second included 21 firefighters from Yanbu, with overall age ranged 20�48 years. An additional group of 23 male non-firefighters volunteered from both cities as normal control subjects, of age range 20�43 years. Blood samples were collected from all volunteer subjects and investigated for some relevant serum biochemical and blood hematological changes. Results The results obtained showed that, there were statistically significant differences in liver function, kidney function, serum lipid profile, cortisol, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, iron and its biologically active derivatives, and blood picture in firefighters as compared with the normal control group. These results indicate that, fire smoke mainly affects serum biochemical and blood hematological parameters. Such results might point out to the need for more health protective and prophylactic measures to avoid such hazardous health effects that might endanger firefighters under their highly drastic working conditions. Conclusion Besides using of personal protective equipments for firefighters to protect them against exposure to toxic materials of fire smoke, it is recommended that, firefighters must be under continuous medical follow up through a standard timetabled medical laboratory investigations to allow for early detection of any serum biochemical or blood hematological changes that might happen during their active service life and to allow for early treatment whenever necessary. PMID:19077241
Al-Malki, Abdulrahman L; Rezq, Ameen M; Al-Saedy, Mohamed H
The effects of long-term (1 yr) exposure to low doses of cadmium (Cd) dissolved in drinking water on selected biochemical and antioxidant parameters were studied in Wistar rats. Rats were divided into four groups: male control group (C-m), female control group (C-f), male Cd-exposed group (Cd-m), and female Cd-exposed group (Cd-f). Cd groups were exposed to Cd dissolved in drinking water (cadmium dichloride 4.8 mg CdCl2/L, i.e., 2.5 mg Cd/L, 500-fold of maximal allowable concentration for potable water). The experiment was terminated on d 370. In all groups, biochemical parameters (total protein [TP], albumin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, cholesterol, triacylglycerols, urea, and creatinine) and antioxidant parameters (glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity) were measured in the blood. Total protein and albumin concentrations were decreased significantly in the Cd-m group. Other biochemical parameters did not change in Cd groups compared to control groups. Superoxide dismutase fell significantly in both male and female Cd-exposed groups. Activity of glutathione peroxidase was markedly lower in Cd-exposed groups. Total antioxidant capacity increased significantly in Cd-f group. These results suggest that chronic low-dose oral Cd exposure induces oxidative stress. PMID:24168039
Lov�sov�, Eva; R�cz, Oliver; Cimbol�kov�, Iveta; Nov�kov�, Jaroslava; Dombrovsk�, Peter; Ni�tiar, Franti�ek
Cord blood full blood count parameters in Lagos, Nigeria
Introduction Full blood count (FBC), one of the most frequently requested for laboratory investigations, is a simple, fast and cheap test and is a reliable indicator of health. Due to its usefulness in the assessment of health status of individuals, its parameters in cord blood, a major source of haemopoietic stem cell transplantation and an ideal source for laboratory investigations for newborns were determined to provide a useful guide to local neonatologists and stem cell transplant physicians. Methods Three millilitres of umbilical cord blood was collected from 130 normal birth weight newborns (69 males and 61 females) whose cord were clamped immediately after delivery, at a teaching hospital in Lagos, Nigeria and full blood count parameters were determined using Sysmex autoanalyzer, model KX-21N. Consented mothers of the newborns were selected based on, age between 18 and 45 years; uneventful pregnancy and delivery and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration ? 10 g/dL. Results There were no statistical gender differences in the mean values of Hb concentrations (M = 13.27 �1.60 g/dL; F = 13.32�1.61g/dL; p = 0.93), total white cell count (M = 3.16�5.43 � 109/L; F = 13.07�4.98 � 109/L; p= 0.92), platelet count (M= 223.64� 64.21 � 109/L; F = 226.69�80.83 � 109/L; p = 0.81) and other parameters. Conclusion Mean values of full blood count parameters obtained in this study are comparable to reports from other studies in developing countries and could be a useful guide for neonatologists and stem cell transplant physicians in our geographical location. PMID:25396018
Adewumi, Adediran; Titilope A, Adeyemo; Akinsegun, Akinbami A; Abidoye, Gbadegesin; Ebele, Uche; Sulaimon, Akanmu A
Effect of living conditions on biochemical and hematological parameters of the cynomolgus monkey.
The cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) has been increasingly used in biomedical research. Although living conditions affect behavioral and physiological characteristics in macaques, little data is available on how living conditions influence blood-based parameters in the cynomolgus monkey. We hypothesize that there are significant differences in serum biochemical and hematological parameters in single-caged versus socially housed cynomolgus monkeys, and that age and sex influence the effect of living conditions on these parameters. Sixty single-caged and 60 socially housed cynomolgus monkeys were segregated by age group (juvenile, adult) and sex. The effects of living condition, age, sex, and the interactions between these factors on commonly reported serum biochemical and hematological parameters were analyzed by a three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Then, the differences between single-caged and socially housed subjects were tested in each parameter by Student's t-test. Creatinine, glucose, triglyceride, alanine aminotransferase, red blood cell volume distribution width (SD, CV), median fluorescence reticulocyte percentage, white blood cell and basophil counts, and monocyte (count, %) were lower in single-caged subjects. Blood urea nitrogen and globulin were lower in single-caged juveniles and adults, respectively. Red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and neutrophil (count, %) were higher, and reticulocyte and lymphocyte (counts, %) were lower, in single-caged juveniles. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration was higher in single-caged subjects (but more pronounced in adults). Total protein was higher in single-caged juvenile males and lower in single-caged adult females. Alkaline phosphatase was lower in single-caged juvenile females. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin was higher, and high fluorescence reticulocyte percentage was lower, in single-caged adult males. In conclusion, living conditions significantly affect several serum biochemical and hematological parameters in the cynomolgus monkey, and these effects vary by age and sex. As this macaque is commonly housed under different living conditions, these findings should aid researchers in avoiding inaccurate conclusions concerning this species. Am. J. Primatol. 76:1011-1024, 2014. � 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. PMID:24990222
Xie, Liang; Zhou, Qinming; Liu, Shigang; Xu, Fan; Shively, Carol A; Wu, Qingyuan; Gong, Wei; Ji, Yongjia; Fang, Liang; Li, Leilei; Melgiri, Narayan D; Xie, Peng
Effect of fusarium T-2 toxin on hematological and biochemical parameters in the rabbit.
The single intravenous administration of purified T-2 toxin to rabbits to 0.5 mg per kg body weight produced a decrease in hematocrit, while blood cell count, and serum alkaline phosphatase activity. The plasma clotting time, as measured by the activated partial thromboplastin time assay, was prolonged after intravenous T-2 toxin administration. In contrast, the administration of T-2 toxin to rabbits at 2.0 mg per kg body weight by gastric intubation produced oral lesions, diarrhea and anorexia in the animals but did not cause significant alteration in hematological and biochemical parameters. The results suggest that the rabbit may be a suitable model for further examination of the biochemical mechanisms involved in the cytotoxic action of T-2 toxin. PMID:7337872
Gentry, P A; Cooper, M L
Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are one of the leading causes of maternal death in the world and one of the major causes of perinatal mortality. The incidence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy is 8%-15%. Significant changes of biochemical parameters in cases of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are increased levels of blood glucose, urea, creatinine, uric acid (hyperuricemia), transaminases, and LDH. The most increased is the level of proteinuria. Bad laboratory results and the intensification of clinical signs, with multiorgan dysfunction, are indications for termination of pregnancy. PMID:22616581
Kocijancic, Dusica Maksimilijan; Plesinac, Snezana; Plecas, Darko; Aksam, Slavica; Kocijancic, Aleksandar
Dynamics of blood plasma by spectropolarimetry and biochemical techniques
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The aim of the study was to establish objective parameters of the field of laser and incoherent radiation of different spectral ranges (UV, visible, IR) as a non-invasive optical method of interaction with different samples of biological tissues and fluids of patients to determine the dynamics of metabolic syndrome and choosing the best personal treatment. As diagnostic methods have been used ultraviolet spectrometry samples of blood plasma in the liquid state, infrared spectroscopy middle range (2,5 - 25 microns) dry residue of plasma polarization and laser diagnostic technique of thin histological sections of biological tissues.
Voloshynska, Katerina; Ilashchuka, Tetjana; Prydij, Olexander; Gruia, Maria
SUPPORTING INFORMATION FOR Propagation of Blood Clotting in the Complex Biochemical Network of
S1 SUPPORTING INFORMATION FOR Propagation of Blood Clotting in the Complex Biochemical Network. Preparing human blood plasma samples. Human citrated normal pooled plasma (NPP) was purchased from George to the blood plasma immediately after the plasma was thawed and incubated for approximately 1 hr at 18ºC prior
Ismagilov, Rustem F.
Electroejaculation (EE) is a technique widely used to collect semen in ruminants, which produces a stress response with negative effects on animal welfare. The aim of this paper was to characterize the stress response during conventional EE in rams that have been frequently electroejaculated. Blood samples were collected since 20 min before and until 120 min after electroejaculating 10 rams. Electroejaculation affected hormone concentration, as cortisol increased, and testosterone decreased after EE. Heart and respiratory rate increased 10 min after EE. Several blood parameters, such as glycaemia, an increase in total protein and creatine kinase concentrations and a decrease in haematocrit, haemoglobin, red blood cell and alkaline phosphatase concentrations. The rams vocalized 13.8 � 2.4 times, and the largest length of vocalizations during EE was associated with the numbers of pulses in which the rams ejaculated. In this paper, we provide a complete characterization of the stress response to EE in rams. We showed that although rams have been frequently electroejaculated, an important stress response including changes in respiratory rate, testosterone concentrations, haematological and biochemical parameters were observed, besides the changes in cortisol concentrations and heart rate, suggesting that rams were not habituated to EE. In addition, we described the main parameters of vocalizations and its relation with the moment of EE. The information displayed on the frequent use of EE in the rams should be considered in relation to the welfare implications. PMID:21092067
Dami�n, J P; Ungerfeld, R
Salacia chinensis L. is a traditional Southeast Asian herbal medicine and used in the treatment of diabetes. To investigate the antidiabetic properties of mangiferin from Salacia chinensis and its beneficial effect on toxicological and hematological parameters in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Mangiferin was orally treated with the dose of 40 mg/kg body weight/day for 30 days to diabetic rats. Biochemical (blood glucose, uric acid, urea and creatinine), toxicological (AST, ALT and ALP) and hematological parameters (red and white blood cells) and their functional indices were evaluated in diabetic treated groups with mangiferin and glibenclamide. Mangiferin treated diabetic rats significantly (p<0.05) lowered the level of blood glucose, in addition, altered the levels of biochemical parameters including urea, uric acid, and creatinine. Toxicological parameters including AST, ALT and ALP were also significantly reduced after treatment with mangiferin in diabetic rats. Similarly, the levels of red blood, white blood cells and their functional indices were significantly improved through the administration of mangiferin. Thus, our results indicate that mangiferin present in S. chinensis possesses antidiabetic properties and nontoxic nature against chemically induced diabetic rats. Further experimental investigations are warrant to make use of its relevant therapeutic effect to substantiate its ethno-medicinal usage. PMID:24374436
Sellamuthu, Periyar Selvam; Arulselvan, Palanisamy; Fakurazi, Sharida; Kandasamy, Murugesan
Blood samples were randomly collected from 110 (40 male and 70 female) 20-week-old healthy ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus), and serum biochemical parameters were investigated. Significant differences in serum total protein, cholesterol, creatinine,\\u000a total bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were found among both males and females. Total protein values were\\u000a higher in female ring-necked pheasants, whereas the values of cholesterol,
Saeed Nazifi; Najmeh Mosleh; Vahid Reza Ranjbar; Monire Khordadmehr
Biochemical changes in blood components after lethal doses of radiation. Final report Oct 80-Sep 81
Nonpeptide, peptide, and protein blood components were measured postirradiation in Wistar rats to investigate biochemical changes that might be related to or form the basis of radiation-induced emesis. The rats were irradiated with lethal doses of radiation, and blood components were analyzed at various times postirradiation. The blood-component levels were compared to those of nonirradiated controls to determine if any significant changes occurred due to the radiation.
Magro, A.M.
Blood samples of nine flamingos and 12 black-headed gulls from Fars province of Iran were used to determine the haematological\\u000a and biochemical factors and the concentrations of phosphorus, lead, chromium and cadmium in serum. Haematological parameters\\u000a in flamingo�packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, red blood cell (RBC) number, white blood cell (WBC)\\u000a count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular
K. Mostaghni; K. Badiei; H. Nili; A. Fazeli
In this work, the investigation of the effects of 2,4,5-trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP), 4,6-dichloroguaiacol (4,6-DCG), and 4,5-dichlorocatechol\\u000a (4,5-DCC) on selected morphological and biochemical parameters in human peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied. All of\\u000a the investigated compounds (at concentrations from 25�600�ppm) increased the size and granularity of the lymphocytes. 2,4,5-TCP\\u000a induced the strongest and 4,5-DCC induced the weakest changes in these parameters. Moreover,
Jaromir Micha?owicz
Crotamine is one of the main constituents of the venom of the South American rattlesnake Crotalus durissus terrificus. Here we sought to investigate the inflammatory and toxicological effects induced by the intrahippocampal administration of crotamine isolated from Crotalus whole venom. Adult rats received an intrahippocampal infusion of crotamine or vehicle and were euthanized 24 h or 21 days after infusion. Plasma and brain tissue were collected for biochemical analysis. Complete blood count, creatinine, urea, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), creatine-kinase (CK), creatine kinase-muscle B (CK-MB) and oxidative parameters (assessed by DNA damage and micronucleus frequency in leukocytes, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls in plasma and brain)�were quantified. Unpaired and paired t-tests were used for comparisons between saline and crotamine groups, and within groups (24 h vs. 21 days), respectively. After 24 h crotamine infusion promoted an increase of urea, GOT, GPT, CK, and platelets values (p ? 0.01), while red blood cells, hematocrit and leukocytes values decreased (p ? 0.01). Additionally, 21 days after infusion crotamine group showed increased creatinine, leukocytes, TBARS (plasma and brain), carbonyl (plasma and brain) and micronucleus compared to the saline-group (p ? 0.01). Our findings show that crotamine infusion alter hematological parameters and cardiac markers, as well as oxidative parameters, not only in the brain, but also in the blood, indicating a systemic pro-inflammatory and toxicological activity. A further scientific attempt in terms of preserving the beneficial activity over toxicity is required. PMID:25380458
Gon�alves, Rithiele; Vargas, Liane S; Lara, Marcus V S; G�llich, Ang�lica; Mandredini, Vanusa; Ponce-Soto, Luis; Marangoni, Sergio; Dal Belo, Ch�riston A; Mello-Carpes, P�mela B
Background: Lead is a toxic element which causes acute, subacute or chronic poisoning through environmental and occupational exposure. The aim of this study was to investigate clinical and laboratory abnormalities of chronic lead poisoning among workers of a car battery industry. Methods: Questionnaires and forms were designed and used to record demographic data, past medical histories and clinical manifestations of lead poisoning. Blood samples were taken to determine biochemical (using Auto Analyzer; Model BT3000) and hematologic (using Cell Counter Sysmex; Model KX21N) parameters. An atomic absorption spectrometer (Perkin-Elmer, Model 3030, USA) was used to determine lead concentration in blood and urine by heated graphite atomization technique. Results: A total of 112 men mean age 28.78�5.17 years, who worked in a car battery industry were recruited in the present study. The most common signs/symptoms of lead poisoning included increased excitability 41.9%, arthralgia 41.0%, fatigue 40.1%, dental grey discoloration 44.6%, lead line 24.1%, increased deep tendon reflexes (DTR) 22.3%, and decreased DTR (18.7%). Blood lead concentration (BLC) was 398.95 �g/L�177.40, which was significantly correlated with duration of work (P=0.044) but not with the clinical manifestations of lead poisoning. However, BLC was significantly correlated with urine lead concentration (83.67 �g/L�49.78; r2=0.711; P<0.001), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (r=-0.280; P=0.011), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (r=-0.304; P=0.006) and fasting blood sugar or FBS (r=-0.258; P=0.010). Conclusion: Neuropsychiatric and skeletal findings were common manifestations of chronic occupational lead poisoning. BLC was significantly correlated with duration of work, urine lead concentration, two hemoglobin indices and FBS. PMID:23645955
Kianoush, Sina; Balali-Mood, Mahdi; Mousavi, Seyed Reza; Shakeri, Mohammad Taghi; Dadpour, Bita; Moradi, Valiollah; Sadeghi, Mahmoud
Fish serum may reflect status of many biochemical processes in the metabolism. Heavy metals, as environmental stressors, may alter serum biochemical parameters in fishes. Thus, freshwater fish, Oreochromis niloticus, were exposed to low levels (0.05 mg/L) of metals (silver [Ag], cadmium [Cd], copper [Cu], chromium [Cr], zinc [Zn]) to investigate responses of serum biochemical parameters over different exposure periods (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 d). Fish mortality occurred only in Ag exposure, as all fish died between days 12 to 16. Activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate transaminase (AST) were altered only in Cu- and Cd-exposed fish. Both Cd and Cu exposures decreased the activity of ALP, although they increased the activities of ALT and AST. Glucose concentrations increased in Ag-, Cd-, and Cu-exposed fish, with a sharp increase occurring in Ag-exposed fish before mortality began. Total protein and triglyceride concentrations increased in Ag-exposed fish, although they decreased in Cu-exposed ones. However, all metal exposures increased cholesterol concentration in the serum. Concentration of blood urea nitrogen increased in Ag-, Cd-, and Cu-exposed fish, although it decreased in Cr-exposed ones. Calcium level decreased only in Cu-exposed fish, and Cl(-) level decreased in Ag-exposed fish. Silver and Cu exposures also decreased Na(+) level in the serum. Cadmium and Cu exposures increased serum K(+) levels. The present study, investigating the effects of environmentally realistic metal exposures on serum biochemical parameters, demonstrated that fish serum could sensitively reflect environmental metal stress. Thus, it suggests that serum biochemical parameters could be used as important and sensitive biomarkers in ecotoxicological studies concerning the effects of metal contamination and fish health. PMID:18348636
Oner, Muazzez; Atli, G�l�zar; Canli, Mustafa
The results obtained on the model of starvation shows that nutritional dropsy led to the significant decrease of glucose, total cholesterol (TCh) and triglycerides (TC), as well as increase of non-estherified fatty acids (NEFA) in blood serum. In the rats with nutritional dropsy after treatment fed with standard diet enriched with soybean protein body weight returned to normal values as well as levels of Glucose, TCh and TC. However, concentration of NEFA remained increased. In the experimental group received additionally taurepar or taurhythman the level of NEFA decreased up to the normal one. It is necessary to mention that taurine derivatives did not change the biochemical parameters in blood of normal non-starved rats. We suppose that these new substances promote reduction of intensity of hyperlipidemic processes. It is known, that during starvation incomplete oxidation of fatty acids leads to acidosis with following destruction of mitochondria membraine. Finding property of taurine derivatives to decrease the concentration of non-estherified fatty acids points at their ability for restoration of tricarboxilic acid's cycle and prevention of accumulation of suboxidized molecules of NEFA and acidosis development. PMID:20853619
Khnychenko, L K; Sapronov, N S
The influence of biochemical parameters of the host plants viz.Jasminum multiflorum Andr.,Jasminum sambac Ait.,Jasminum grandiflorum Linn.,Jasminum auriculatum Vahl.,Jasminum pubescens Willd. andJasminum flexile Vahl. on the biology of Dialeurodes vulgaris was studied. The results indicate remarkable variation in the biochemical parameters\\u000a of host plants which affected significantly the biology of the insect. The per cent survival and growth index have been
R Sundararaj; B V David
Argulosis hampers aquaculture production and alters the host physiology and growth. Azadirachtin is recognized as a potential antiparasitic agent against Argulus sp. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different concentration of azadirachtin solution on haematological and serum biochemical parameters of Argulus-infested goldfish Carassius auratus. Ninety Argulus-infested goldfish were randomly divided into six equal groups. Fish of group 1-5 were treated with azadirachtin solution through bath of 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg L(-1) as T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively, and group 6 was exposed to 2% DMSO solution without azadirachtin and considered as negative control T0(-). Along with six treatment groups, a positive control T0(+) of healthy goldfish free from Argulus infestation was also maintained. Parasitic mortality was evaluated after 3 days of consecutive bath treatment. After 7 days of post-treatment, the blood and serum were drawn from each of the treatment groups and haematological and serum biochemical parameters were evaluated. Total leucocyte count (TLC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), blood glucose, total protein (TP), globulin, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) were significantly (p < 0.05) high in negative control group when compared with positive control group. It could be concluded that Argulus infestation altered marked haematological and serum biochemical parameters. However, in treated groups complete elimination of Argulus was found in T4 and T5 groups. Also significant (p < 0.05) reduction in haematological and serum biochemical parameters of all the treatment groups were recorded in comparison with negative control group. In addition, T4 and T5 groups showed significantly (p < 0.05) high superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, total erythrocyte count (TEC) and haemoglobin (Hb). However, higher mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), blood glucose and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in T5 group revealed that higher concentration of azadirachtin have notable effects on activity of vital tissues function and physiology of the host. Argulus spp. from infested goldfish could be eliminated using bath treatment with solution of azadirachtin having concentration of 15 mg L(-1) and that also shifted haematological and serum biochemical parameters towards homeostasis. PMID:23090629
Kumar, Saurav; Raman, R P; Kumar, Kundan; Pandey, P K; Kumar, Neeraj; Mallesh, B; Mohanty, Snatashree; Kumar, Abhay
The present study was devised to assess the effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl(2)) administration on certain andrological, endocrinological and biochemical alterations in adult male rabbits (n=24). The animals were assigned to control (n=8) and experimental (n=16) group. Experimental group was orally administered with 1.5 mg/kg body weight of CdCl(2). The trials were carried out for a total of 5 weeks and blood sampling was carried out on weekly basis. A gradual decrease was noticed for body weight in the experimental group from week 1 to 5, being significantly lower in week 4 and 5 (P<0.05). A similar decremented trend was noticed for serum testosterone level being significantly lower in experimental group in week 4 and 5 (P<0.001). Significantly lower values were noticed for prolactin in experimental group in week 4 and 5 (P<0.05), than in the control. On the contrary, serum cortisol level showed a gradual increase in experimental group, from week 1 to 5, being significantly higher in week 4 and 5 (P<0.05). Regarding the biochemical attributes, all the parameters under study revealed a gradually ascending trend. Statistical significance was, however, achieved in varying weeks and at varying levels. The total protein and albumin were significantly higher in week 4 and 5 (P<0.01); alanine aminotransferase in week 2 (P<0.01), 3 (P<0.001), 4 (P<0.01) and 5 (P<0.001); aspartate aminotransferase in week 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 (P<0.01); and alkaline phosphatase in week 1, 2 (P<0.01), 3, 4 and 5 (P<0.0001), respectively. Overall mortality rate in experimental group was 68.75 (11/16). In a nutshell, Cd exposure results in adverse effects on all physiological parameters of body and may lead to lethal consequences. PMID:24702494
Sajjad, S; Malik, H; Farooq, U; Rashid, F; Nasim, H; Tariq, S; Rehman, S
Cosmos caudatus (ulam raja) contains high mineral content and possesses high antioxidant activity which may be beneficial in bone disorder such as postmenopausal osteoporosis. The effects of C. caudatus on bone metabolism biomarkers in ovariectomized rats were studied. 48 Sprague-Dawley rats aged three months were divided into 6 groups. One group of rats was sham-operated while the remaining rats were ovariectomized. The ovariectomized rats were further divided into 5 groups: the control, three groups force-fed with C. caudatus at the doses of 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg or 300mg/kg and another group supplemented with calcium 1% ad libitum. Treatments were given 6 days per week for a period of eight weeks. Blood samples were collected twice; before and after treatment. Parameters measured were bone resorbing cytokine; interleukin-1 and the bone biomarkers; osteocalcin and pyridinoline. Serum IL-1 and pyridinoline levels were significantly increased in ovariectomized rats. Supplementation of C. caudatus was able to prevent the increase of IL-1 and pyridinoline in ovariectomized rats. Besides that, C. caudatus showed the same effect as calcium 1% on biochemical parameters of bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. In conclusion, Cosmos caudatus was as effective as calcium in preventing the increase in bone resorption in ovariectomized rats. PMID:24035963
Mohamed, Norazlina; Yin, Chai Mei; Shuid, Ahmad Nazrun; Muhammad, Norliza; Babji, Abdul Salam; Soelaiman, Ima Nirwana
Effect of oestrogenic compounds on performance and biochemical parameters of chickens in Egypt.
Comparative studies of the effects of Nordette and LutoFolone on 15-day-old chickens were performed to determine their effects on growth performance, biochemical parameters and on hormonal residues in the liver and muscle. Sixty chickens were equally divided into three groups, with 20 chickens per group. Group 1 served as the control group. Groups 2 and 3 were treated daily with Nordette (1 mg/kg body weight) mixed in the ration and LutoFolone (0.5 mg/kg body weight) administered orally through a bent stainless steel feeding tube, respectively, for 30 days (from the 15th to the 45th day of age). The treated groups were left for a further period of 15 days without treatment. Blood samples were collected at 45 and 60 days of age and used for biochemical studies, while liver and muscles were excised from each chicken and used to prepare tissue homogenates for an estimation of hormonal residues (oestrogen and progesterone). Both drugs caused a gain in body weight. They also significantly increased (p<0.01) several serum variables, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (410% and 300%), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (277.69% and 261.90%), cholesterol (16.91% and 17.19%), creatine kinase (CK) (72.47% and 27.46%), creatinine (62.22% and 42.22%) and uric acid (85.43% and 70.86%), and reduced total proteins (54.38% and 51.28%), albumin (60.38% and 52.08%) and globulin levels (50.22% and 49.36%) for Groups 2 and 3 respectively at 30 days post administration, in comparison with the control birds. Moreover, this study exhibited a significant increase in the levels of oestrogen residues in the liver (26.17% and 70.99%) and muscle (17.50% and 43.41%) for Groups 2 and 3, respectively. This indicated that the oestrogen level was much higher in the liver than in muscle in comparison to that of the controls. However, some of these findings showed insignificant changes 15 days after ceasing the administration of hormones. Data on the biochemical parameters and residue levels obtained from these results clearly indicate that anabolic agents in chickens may carry a specific risk to public health. PMID:20391405
Badr, Mohamed O T; Hashem, Mohamed A; Gado, Nissreen N
The effects of levamisole poisoning on the haematological and biochemical parameters in dogs.
This study was designed to evaluate possible organ and system disorders associated with experimentally induced levamisole poisoning in dogs. For this purpose, twelve clinically healthy dogs of different ages, sexes and breeds were used. They were divided into two equal groups (Group A and Group B) and given levamisole orally at a dose of 25 mg/kg of body weight daily for three days. The dogs in Group B were also injected with atropin sulphate (0.04 mg/kg of body weight) subcutaneously (sc) 1 hour after each administration of levamisole. Routine clinical examinations were made and some haematological, biochemical and blood gas parameters were established at various times after administration of levamisole. The dogs in Group A developed severe neurological signs, gastric haemorrhage, bloody vomiting, colic, anaemia and four dogs died. In Group B these signs were mild and only one dog died. Levamisole poisoning was characterised by a significant reduction in the total number of red blood cells (RBCs), concentration of haemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume (PCV), and by anaemia. Peripheral blood pH, actual bicarbonate of plasma (HCO3), actual base excess (BE), partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) and saturated oxygen (O2SAT) increased in both groups of animals and these dogs developed metabolic alkalosis 48 hours after the first administration of levamisole. The results of the study also show that levamisole poisoning in dogs causes a significant increase in the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and in the concentration of urea in both Group A and Group B. In the study, atropin sulphate reduced the severity of the clinical signs and the number of deaths, but it was not alone sufficient to remedy levamisole poisoning in dogs. PMID:15032267
Gokce, H I; Gunes, V; Erdogan, H M; Citil, M; Akca, A; Yuksek, N
Effect of fire smoke on some biochemical parameters in firefighters of Saudi Arabia
BACKGROUND: Firefighters who are facing fires, are frequently exposed to hazardous materials including carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen chloride, benzene, sulphur dioxide, etc. This study aimed to evaluate some relevant serum biochemical and blood hematological changes in activity involved firefighters in comparison to normal subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two groups of male firefighters volunteered to participate in the study. The
Abdulrahman L Al-Malki; Ameen M Rezq; Mohamed H Al-Saedy
The effects of a new soluble dietary fiber on weight gain and selected blood parameters in rats
This study was designed to investigate a new dietary fiber, ?-cyclodextrin, marketed under the trade name FBCx (Wacker Biochem, Adrian, MI), for beneficial effects on weight reduction and the improvement of certain blood parameters in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups and fed ad libitum for a period of 6 weeks: (1) a normal low-fat diet (LF;
Joseph D. Artiss; Kathryn Brogan; Michelle Brucal; Marjan Moghaddam; K.-L. Catherine Jen
Seizures associated with fever: clinical data as predictors for normal biochemical blood levels
We developed a predictive model to assess the probability of normal biochemical blood test results in children presenting\\u000a with a seizure associated with fever. The models were based on various combinations of patient characteristics of the history\\u000a and physical examination of 203 children. The characteristics included gender, age in years, previous history of febrile seizures,\\u000a family history of febrile seizures,
M. van Stuijvenberg; E. N. van Gijssel; E. W. Steyerberg; K. G. M. Moons; G. Derksen-Lubsen; H. A. Moll
Changes in biochemical parameters after anterior cruciate ligament injury
We studied the biochemical characteristics of human knees with deficient anterior cruciate ligaments (ACL) and analysed their relationship to the time after ligamentous injury. Thirty-two patients with isolated ACL-injured knees and six healthy volunteers were enrolled. Synovial fluid samples were centrifuged after aspiration during arthroscopic examination, and aliquots of supernatant were frozen and stored at ?80�C. The samples were analysed for interleukin (IL)-1?, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-?, IL-6, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 using commercially available sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In fluid from ACL-injured knees, the average concentrations of IL-6, MMP-3 and TIMP-1 were highly elevated in comparison with normal controls. There was a statistically significant correlation between the concentrations of MMP-3 and IL-6. The IL-6 and TIMP-1 concentrations were interrelated. The concentration of MMP-3 remained high, independent of the duration since the injury, whereas the TIMP-1 and IL-6 levels decreased. The results suggest that the timing of the treatment of an ACL-injured knee might be of importance. PMID:16333657
Shirakura, K.; Kimura, M.; Terauchi, M.; Shinozaki, T.; Watanabe, H.; Takagishi, K.
Fluoride toxicity is a serious health problem in many parts of the globe. In present study, sodium fluoride at 20 mg/kg alone and in conjunction with aluminum sulfate at 150 mg/kg was administered orally daily for 30 days in healthy goats of group 1 and 2, respectively, to access the alterations in the various biochemical parameters during subacute toxicity of fluoride alone and in conjunction with aluminum sulfate. In Group 1, significant alterations in plasma glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, total protein, albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio, magnesium, and sodium were observed on different days of exposure from their pre-exposure values. However, no significant changes were observed in plasma calcium, phosphorus, and potassium on different days of exposure of sodium fluoride. Similar type of biochemical alterations were noticed in the goats of Group 2 except BUN, total protein magnesium, and sodium. On the basis of results, it could be concluded that sodium fluoride alone and in conjunction with aluminum sulfate produced significant alterations in the various biochemical parameters of the body. PMID:19148585
Kant, Vinay; Srivastava, Anil Kumar; Verma, Pawan Kumar; Raina, Rajinder
The polymorphism of feline MHC antigens was examined using biochemical methods. The following observations were made: (1) feline class I and II antigens are polymorphic. Their biochemical features were established using rabbit and mouse reagents directed against human MHC products; they resemble those observed for other mammalian species; (2) the expression of class II antigens in unstimulated cat peripheral blood
Jacques J. Neefjes; Evert J. Hensen; Toon I. P. de Kroon; Hidde L. Ploegh
[Design of blood-pressure parameter auto-acquisition circuit].
This paper presents the realization and design of a kind of blood-pressure parameter auto-acquisition circuit. The auto-acquisition of blood-pressure parameter controlled by 89C2051 single chip microcomputer is accomplished by collecting and processing the driving signal of LCD. The circuit that is successfully applied in the home unit of telemedicine system has the simple and reliable properties. PMID:12583093
Chen, Y P; Zhang, D L; Bai, H W; Zhang, D A
Vel�ek J., Z. Svobodov�: Anaesthesia of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) with 2-phenoxyethanol: Acute Toxicity and Effects on Biochemical Blood Profile. Acta Vet. Brno 2004, 73: 247-252. The aim of the present study was to assess acute toxicity of the 2-phenoxyethanol anaesthetic in carp, and assess changes in their tissues using the biochemical blood profiles. Acute toxicity values of 2-phenoxyethanol
The West Indian manatee Trichechus manatus is threatened with extinction in Brazil, and this study focused on nondestructive blood samples analyzed for metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), as well as biochemical and hematological biomarkers. Studied manatees were kept at Projeto Peixe-Boi headquarters in Pernambuco State, and at two natural areas in estuaries where they are released to the wild. Manatees kept at the natural estuary in Paraiba State have blood concentrations of Al, Pb, Cd, Sn that are 11, 7, 8 and 23 times greater, respectively, than the concentrations found in blood of animals from the same species in Florida, USA. An inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase in manatees kept at the two reintroduction sites in Alagoas and Paraiba States indicated possible exposure of the animals to cholinesterase inhibitor insecticides. PCBs and OCPs were not detected. Results from this study will help delineate conservation efforts in the region. PMID:22626623
Anzolin, D G; Sarkis, J E S; Diaz, E; Soares, D G; Serrano, I L; Borges, J C G; Souto, A S; Taniguchi, S; Montone, R C; Bainy, A C D; Carvalho, P S M
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Chemical and cellular parameters were measured in human subjects before and after exposure to a decompression schedule involving 8 h of oxygen prebreathing. The exposure was designed to simulate space-flight extravehicular activity (EVA) for 6 h. Several statistically significant changes in blood parameters were observed following the exposure: increases in calcium, magnesium, osmolality, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, monocytes, and prothrombin time, and decreases in chloride, creatine phosphokinase and eosinophils. The changes, however, were small in magnitude and blood factor levels remained within normal clinical ranges. Thus, the decompression profile used in this study is not likely to result in blood changes that would pose a threat to astronauts during EVA.
Jauchem, J. R.
Biochemical and ultrasonographic parameters influencing thyroid nodules elasticity.
Elastography is a method of tissue stiffness assessment. It has already been demonstrated that thyroid cancers are less elastic than benign lesions. However, little is known about other factors, which might influence the stiffness of thyroid nodules and disrupt the prediction of malignancy using this technique. The aim of this study was to conduct the first systematic assessment of factors potentially affecting the elasticity of thyroid lesions. One hundred and twenty-two patients with thyroid nodular disease admitted for thyroidectomy underwent preoperative ultrasonography and sonoelastography. The definite diagnosis of thyroid lesions was based on histological examination. What was evaluated in the study was the influence of composition, size, localization, nodularity, and selected laboratory parameters on thyroid nodule elasticity. Firstly, association between the above-mentioned factors and elasticity was assessed in benign lesions. Secondly, all nodules (benign and malignant) were divided into subgroups according to the presence or absence of particular features, which turned out to be an important disturbing factor increasing the stiffness of the lesion in the first step of analysis. There were 22 malignant and 371 benign lesions. The analysis of benign lesions revealed that the presence calcifications (p�<�0.0001) significantly increased nodule stiffness. Partially, cystic nodules were significantly less elastic than solid ones (p�=�0.03). There was also positive correlation between nodule size and stiffness (p�<�0.0001). Lesions localized in the isthmus were significantly less elastic than nodules in other localizations. (p�=�0.0001). Solitary nodules were less elastic than lesions in multinodular goiter (p�=�0.006). Correlation between Tg concentration and stiffness was significant (p�<�0.0001, r�=�0.24). The concentration of anti-thyroid autoantibodies was associated with stiffness at the border of significance. However, there was no significant difference between benign lesions in patients with diagnosed chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and patients without the disease. The analysis of the entire group of nodules revealed that shear wave elastography is a valuable modality of thyroid nodule assessment, with sensitivity of over 95�% and specificity of about 70�%. However, the stiffness value of the lesion might be increased in the case of nodules containing calcifications, cystic component, and those of size above 20�mm. Certain clinical conditions or attributes of the lesions influence the stiffness values of thyroid nodules. Identifying these variables is the basis for a credible interpretation of the results of a sonoelastographic examination and makes it possible to estimate the risk of thyroid nodule malignancy adequately. PMID:24535467
Szczepanek-Parulska, Ewelina; Woli?ski, Kosma; Stangierski, Adam; Gurgul, Edyta; Rucha?a, Marek
ADEDAPO, A. A., M. O. ABATAN, O. O. OLORUNSOGO: Toxic effects of some plants in the genus Euphorbia on haematological and biochemical parameters of rats. Vet. arhiv 74, 53-62, 2004. ABSTRACT The toxic effects of 5 suspected poisonous plants of the genus Euphorbia (Euphorbia balsamifera Aiton, E. heterophylla L., E. hirta L., E. hyssopifolia L., and E. lateriflora Schum and
Adeolu A. Adedapo; Matthew O. Abatan; Olufunso O. Olorunsogo
Serum Biochemical Parameters in the Ring-Necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) on Breeding Season
5 Abstract: The influence of sex on serum biochemical parameters was investigated in adult (52 week-old) ring-necked pheasants on reproductive activity. Statistical comparisons were made for differences in values between male and female birds. Adult females had higher values for serum total protein and albumin. Significant variations were not observed in the analyses in relation to the sex of the
Elizabeth Moreira dos Santos Schmidt; Antonio Carlos Paulillo; Rosangela Locatelli Dittrich; Elizabeth Santin; Olair Beltrame; Joelma Moura; Edson Goncalves de Oliveira
A 10 week study was conducted to determine the effect of starvation on morphological and biochemical parameters in subyearling white sturgeon. The fish were implanted with passive integrated transponder tags so that body weight change of individual fish could be determined. Ten fish were sampled once every 2 weeks. Carcass:body weight percentage, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, chemical composition of carcass
Silas S. O. Hung; Wei Liu; Hongbin Li; Trond Storebakken; Yibo Cui
Plant growth, pigment concentration, biochemical parameters and uptake of heavy metals were determined for Brassica juncea L. in response to cadmium and lead stress. The plant exhibited a decline in growth, chlorophyll content and carotenoids with Cd and Pb but Cd was found to be more detrimental than Pb treatment in B. juncea. The protein content was decreased by Cd
R. John; P. Ahmad; K. Gadgil; S. Sharma
Effect of salt stress on growth and biochemical parameters of Pisum sativum L
The effect of salinity on some physio-biochemical parameters in plants of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. EC 33866) has been investigated. Plants were subjected to four salt treatments, 50, 100, 150 and 200�mM NaCl, for 30 days in sand culture and the physiological responses were measured. Salinity affected all of the considered parameters. Thus, high NaCl concentrations caused a great
Parvaiz Ahmad; Riffat Jhon
The influence of diet is recognized as a significant factor in the expression of toxicity. This applies particularly to toxins like methylmercury (MeHg) which are metabolically incorporated into growing food plants and biotransformed within the plant before ingestion. Methylmercury in this form may influence the early physiological and biochemical events which lead to development of toxicity. In a previous study, a single dose of plant-incorporated methylmercury (MeHg) had a different route of distribution and accumulation in rat organs after 48 h than an equivalent dose of saline MeHg with the greatest accumulation being in red blood cells. Creatine, an important storage form of high energy phosphate in muscles is a primary indicator of erythropoietic dynamics under hypoxia, a sensitive indicator of hemolytic disease, red blood cell aging and impaired marrow efficiency. Since changes in creatine levels occur sooner than changes in other blood parameters, itself being neither synthesized nor metabolized by red blood cells, it can be used as a sensitive indicator of toxicity. The present work investigates the difference in a longer term, multiple-dose regime of saline or bean-incorporated MeHg ingestion with special attention being given to various blood parameters.
Czuba, M.; Komsta-Szumska, E.; Mortimer, D.C.; Champagne, C.
Clinical reference intervals among Indian population are poorly defined. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish local clinical laboratory reference intervals for healthy Indian population. The present study aimed to identify the 95�% reference interval for hematological and biochemical parameters in apparently healthy Indian population. We undertook a multicentric cross-sectional study conducted at Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation across India. Of which 10,665 reference individuals identified as healthy by physicians. The 95�% of the reference distribution was estimated using 2.5th and 97.5th percentile reference limits. The 95�% reference intervals for hemoglobin (Males: 12.3-17�g/dL; Females: 9.9-14.3�g/dL), platelet count (Males: 1.3-3.8; Females: 1.3-4.2 Lakhs/�L), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Males: 2-22; Females: 4-55�mm/h), serum uric acid in males: 3.5-8.2�mg/dL, gamma glutamyl transferase (Males: 13-61�U/L), fasting blood glucose (Males: 78-110�mg/dL), total cholesterol (Males: 115-254�mg/dL), low density lipoprotein (Males: 60-176�mg/dL) and triglycerides (Males: 55-267�mg/dL, Females: 52-207�mg/dL) were different from currently used reference values. Additionally need for gender based partitioning were observed for triglycerides and gamma glutamyl transferase. The observed findings are of clinical significance and it needs to be validated with additional community based studies. PMID:24966476
Sairam, Shrilekha; Domalapalli, Suhasini; Muthu, Sundaram; Swaminathan, Jayanthi; Ramesh, Vivek A; Sekhar, Lalitha; Pandeya, Palak; Balasubramaniam, Udhaya
Effect of nanosilver on blood parameters in chickens having aflatoxicosis.
This experiment is designed to investigate the positive effects of commercial nanosilver compound on blood parameters in experimental aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens. For this, 270 one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly divided into six treatment groups with three replicates. The experimental groups were group A: chickens fed with basal diet; group B: chickens fed with 3�ppm productive aflatoxin in basal diet; groups of C, D, E and F received Mycoad (2.5 g/kg diet), Mycoad (2.5 g/kg diet) + productive aflatoxin (3 ppm), Nanocid (2500 ppm), and Nanocid (2500 ppm) + productive aflatoxin (3 ppm) in basal diet, respectively. Results revealed that some of the blood parameters such as mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, and eosinophils percentage were not affected in this experiment; whereas, hemoglobin percentage and white blood cell (WBC) count in all the groups fed with 3�ppm aflatoxin except nanocid�+�aflatoxin decreased significantly (p�<�0.05). There are no significant differences between the groups that received nanocid�+�aflatoxin and mycoad�+�aflatoxin in hemoglobin percentage and WBC count parameters. The red blood cell count and hematocrit in chickens received aflatoxin were significantly lower than other groups (p�<�0.05). Therefore, this study suggests that nanocid similar as mycoad can be useful in reducing the adverse effects of aflatoxin on blood parameters in chickens affected with aflatoxicosis. PMID:22782710
Gholami-Ahangaran, Majid; Zia-Jahromi, Noosha
Trigonella foenum-graecum L. is enriched with many active ingredients. TFG oil was evaluated for its protective effect against deltamethrin toxicity in rats. Rats of the control group were administered saline. The 2nd group was administered deltamethrin (DLM) orally at a concentration of 15 mg/kg body mass. The 3rd and 4th groups were administered DLM at a concentration of 15 mg/kg body mass and were fed diets containing 2.5% and 5% TFG oil, respectively. DLM intoxication reduced red blood cell and platelet counts, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit value while it induced leucocytosis. Furthermore, it increased serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, ?-glutamyltransferase, triglycerides, cholesterol, uric acid, urea, and creatinine; increased hepatic, renal, and brain lipid peroxidation; decreased serum acetylcholine esterase level; and decreased hepatic, renal, and brain antioxidant markers' activities. However, TFG oil kept the studied hematological and biochemical parameters within normal ranges. In addition, it prevented lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress induced by DLM intoxication in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, these results indicated that TFG oil inhibited the toxic effects of DLM on hematological and biochemical parameters as well as oxidative status by its free radical scavenging and potent antioxidant activities, and it appeared to be a promising protective agent against DLM-induced toxicity. PMID:25029214
Abdel-Daim, Mohamed M; Abd Eldaim, Mabrouk A; Mahmoud, Mohamed M
Communication between cells is realized by exchange of biochemical substances. Due to internal organization of living systems and variability of external parameters, the exchange is heavily influenced by perturbations of various parameters at almost all stages of the process. Since communication is one of essential processes for functioning of living systems it is of interest to investigate conditions for its stability. Using previously developed simplified model of bacterial communication in a form of coupled difference logistic equations we investigate stability of exchange of signaling molecules under variability of internal and external parameters.
Dragutin T. Mihailovic; Igor Balaz
Blood Vessel Detection via a Multi-window Parameter Transform
A parallel algorithm to detect retinal blood vessels has been developed for use in an automated diabetic retinopathy detection system. Localized adaptive thresholding and a multi-window Radon transform (RT) are utilized to detect the vascular system in retinal images. Multi-window parameter transforms are intrinsically parallel and offer increased performance over conventional transforms. The image is adoptively thresholded and then the
Katia Estabridis; Rui J. P. De Figueiredo
The purpose of this study was to examine concentrations of selected heavy metals in the liver and kidney of brown hares (Lepus europaeus). In addition, correlations between heavy metals and biochemical parameters in blood plasma were determined. The average concentrations of heavy metals (mmol\\/L) � SD were as follows: liver: Pb 0.221 � 0.189, Cd 0.160 � 0.140, Hg 0.021
Adriana Kolesarova; Jaroslav Slamecka; Rastislav Jurcik; Frieda Tataruch; Norbert Lukac; Jaroslav Kovacik; Marcela Capcarova; Miroslav Valent; Peter Massanyi
The present investigation was designed to determine whether supplementation of different level of vitamin E for 12 months to arsenic exposed goats (50 ppm as sodium arsenite) affords protection against the blood hemato-biochemical parameters caused by the metalloid. A total of 24 crossbred (Alpine�Beetal) lactating goats were assigned randomly into 4 equal groups (control, T1, T2 and T3) of 6 in each, on the basis of average body weight (36.10�0.11 kg) and milk yield (1.61�0.04 kg/d). The animals in T1, T2 and T3 were given 50 ppm arsenic, while in T2 and T3, additionally; vitamin E at the rate of 100 IU and 150 IU/kg dry matter (DM) respectively was additionally supplemented for the period of 12 months. Hemoglobin (Hb), total leukocyte (TLC) and blood lymphocyte % were decreased (p<0.05) in arsenic fed groups and vitamin E supplementation in the experimental group showed a protective potential. Significant increases (p<0.05) in aspertate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities among arsenic supplemented groups were recorded, however vitamin E supplementation at higher doses showed a protective effect (p<0.05) against AST but in the case of ALT no ameliorating effect was found in either of the doses. Plasma total protein was decreased (p>0.05) but creatinine level was periodically increased in all As supplemented groups and vitamin E supplementation did not produce any protective effect. It can be concluded that arsenic exposure resulted in varying degree of changes in hemato-biochemical parameters and activities of antioxidant enzymes in goats but concomitant treatment with Vitamin E is partially helpful in reducing the burden of arsenic induced effect. PMID:25049689
Das, Tapan Kumar; Mani, Veena; Kaur, Harjit; Kewalramani, Neelam; Agarwal, Anjali
Effects of various oral doses of salinomycin on serum biochemical parameters in calves
Salinomycin is a monocarboxylic polyether antibiotic with antimicrobial and anticoccidial properties. Although it has proved\\u000a to be safe at therapeutic doses, toxic effects can result from overdosage or misuse. In addition to clinical signs and pathologic\\u000a lesions, confirmatory diagnosis of toxicosis needs consideration of laboratory assays. The present study describes changes\\u000a in biochemical parameters over an extended period of 35�days
H. Rajaian; S. Nazifi; M. Fazeli; S. L. Poorbaghi; M. Sepehrimanesh; A. Ghezelbash
Impact of environmental stress on biochemical parameters of bacteria reducing chromium
Chromium pollution is produced in connection with industrial processes like in tanneries. It has been suggested that bioremediation could be a good option for clean up. The stress effect of variable chromate levels, pHs and growth temperatures on biochemical parameters of two Cr(VI) reducing bacterial strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa Rb-1 and Ochrobactrum intermedium Rb-2 was investigated. Transmission electrone microscopy (TEM) was performed to study the intracellular distribution of Cr(VI). It was observed that initial stress of 1000 ?gmL?1 caused significant enhancement of all studied biochemical parameters at pH 7.0 and growth temperature of 37 �C showing great bioremediation potential of the strains. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the distribution of chromium precipitates was not uniform as they were distributed in the cytoplasm as well as found associated with the periplasm and outer membrane. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the possible involvement of carboxyl, amino, sulpohonate and hydroxyl groups present on the bacterial cell surface for the binding of Cr(VI) ions. Cr(VI) stress brought about changes in the distridution of these functional groups. It can be concluded that the investigated bacterial strains adjust well to Cr(VI) stress in terms of biochemical parameters and along that exhibited alteration in morphology.
Batool, Rida; Yrjala, Kim; Hasnain, Shahida
The development of selected haematological and biochemical parameters during the laying period was monitored in common pheasant hens housed in an enhanced cage system. The cages were enhanced by the addition of two perches and a shelter formed by strips of cloth hanging in the corner of the cage. The results showed significant changes in the haematological and biochemical parameters monitored during egg laying. At the time when laying capacity approached a maximum, a decrease was observed (P < 0.05) in haematocrit, erythrocytes, and haemoglobin values, whereas monocytes, eosinophils, the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, phosphorus, and calcium exhibited an increase (P < 0.05). At the end of the laying period, an increase (P < 0.05) was recorded in the count of leukocytes, heterophils, lymphocytes and basophils, the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio, and the concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, cholesterol, phosphorus, and calcium, whereas lower values (P < 0.05) were recorded for haematocrit and plasma total protein in comparison with the values of the indicators at the beginning of the laying period. The results provide new information about dynamic changes in selected haematological and biochemical parameters in clinically healthy common pheasant hens during the laying period. PMID:25121117
Hrab?�kov�, Petra; Vosl�?ov�, Eva; Bed�?ov�, Iveta; Pi�t?kov�, Vladim�ra; Chloupek, Jan; Ve?erek, Vladim�r
Background Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (SE), as a major cause of foodborn illness, infects humans mainly through the egg. However, the symptom of laying hens usually is not typical and hard to diagnosis. In the present study, it is studied that the influences of SE infection on layers� performance, egg quality and blood biochemical indicators. It will help us to improve the strategy to control SE infection in commercial layers. One hundred layers at 20 wk of age were divided into 2 groups, 60 hens for experiment and others for control. The experiment group was fed with the dosage of 108�CFU SE per hen. The specific PCR was used to detect the deposition of SE. On the 8 d after SE infection, 10 hens from the control group and 30 hens from the experimental group were slaughtered to detect the SE colonization. The production performance, egg quality and blood biochemical indices were also analyzed. Results The results showed that the colonization rate of SE was highest in caecum contents (55.17%) and lowest in vagina (17.24%). For the eggs the detection rate of SE was highest on the eggshell (80.00%) and lowest in yolk (18.81%). SE infection had no significant influence on production performance and egg qualities (P > 0.05). The difference of laying rate between the experimental and control groups was less than 0.30%, and both were approximately equal to 82.00%. The blood analysis showed that the aspartic aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of experimental group was significantly higher than those of control group (P < 0.05). For experimental and control groups AST values were 236.22 U/l and 211.84 U/l respectively, and ALT values were 32.19 U/l and 24.55 U/l. All of coefficients were less than 20%. The colonization of SE in organs increases the enzyme activities of AST and ALT in blood. Conclusions SE in feed could invade the oviduct and infect the forming eggs. It significantly increased the concentration of ALT and AST in blood. However,SE infection was hard to be observed from the appearances of layer and egg. It might be a dangerous risk to human health. PMID:24405886
Comparative aspects of biochemical polymorphism in the blood of Caprinae species and their hybrids.
Biochemical variation at 14 blood loci was reviewed, and specific features compared experimentally in sheep Ovis aries, mouflon Ovis musimon, goat Capra hircus, aoudad Ammotragus Iervia and in 2 stillborn aoudad X goat hybrids. Variation at 3 loci was also studied in dall sheep Ovis dalli, bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis and rocky mountain goat Oreamnos americanus. Haemoglobin C production in an anaemic Hb AB mouflon and in mouflon X sheep hybrids was examined. Mouflon differ from domestic sheep in that synthesis of both Hb beta A and Hb beta B chains is switched off during Hb C production. The mouflon X sheep hybrids switched off one or both chains depending on whether they had inherited sheep or mouflon Hb beta chain genes. In general aoudad showed a closer affinity to goats than to sheep. PMID:7458003
Tucker, E M; Clarke, S W
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of intra-articular levobupivacaine on rabbit knee articular cartilage and certain biochemical parameters in the blood. A total of 24 New Zealand rabbits were included to study. Blood sampling was carried out in all animals on the first day, then the subjects were randomly allocated either to the control group (Group�C, n�=�9) or to the levobupivacaine group (Group�L, n�=�15). Group�C underwent each two intra-articular injections of saline, 0.25�mL into the right knee and 0.50�mL into the left one. Group L was injected 0.25�mL (1.25�mg) of levobupivacaine into the right knee and 0.50�mL (2.5�mg) into the left one. The groups were divided randomly into three. Tissue and blood samples for histologic and biochemical examination were collected from Groups C1 and L1 on the first, C2 and L2 on the second, and C3 and L3 on the tenth day of the study. Interleukin-1? (IL-1 ?), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?), and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were analyzed. No statistically significant differences could be detected when comparing either left or right joints within the same groups and with Group C and L (P�>�0.05). Significant elevations of biochemical parameters were found in Group C. It is concluded that levobupivacaine does not lead to significant histologic changes in rabbit articular cartilage. Significant elevations of biochemical parameters being generally found in the C Group, it is thought that such elevations are not linked to levobupivacaine. Intra-articular levobupivacaine may be a safe alternative for use in post-operative analgesia. PMID:24341591
Ozkaya, Hasan; Sar?ta?, Tuba Berra; Sar?ta?, Zulf?kar Kad?r; Korkmaz, Musa; Sev?ml?, Alper; Mehmetoglu, Idris; Otelc?oglu, Seref
and death in cells of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and 3) changes in basic biochemical parameters in granule cells of the cerebellum and hippocampus. This study revealed no volume abnormalities within the hippocampus of the mutant mice, but a decrease...
Murawski, Emily M.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) derived from Pleurotus eryngii on the hematological and biochemical blood properties of elk. A total of 18, two and three-year-old elk were fed three different levels of SMS (0, 15 and 20%) in a corn-wheat bran diet for 80 days. The results indicated significantly high levels of blood monocytes, hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (HCT) in elk fed 15% or 20% SMS (p<0.05) compared to control animals. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glucose concentrations were also significantly elevated in elk fed both 15% and 20% SMS. The inclusion of SMS in the elk diet did not affect serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, or low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations; however, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentration was significantly increased in SMS-fed groups. In addition, 20% SMS in the diet increased serum iron and testosterone concentrations in elk. These results indicate that adding SMS to the diet of elk can increase their Hgb, serum BUN, glucose, and HDL-cholesterol concentration; therefore, diets containing SMS may enhance the physiologic condition of elk during growth. PMID:25049569
Park, Jae Hong; Kim, Sang Woo; Do, Yoon Jung; Kim, Hyun; Ko, Yeoung Gyu; Yang, Boh Suk; Shin, Daekeun; Cho, Young Moo
Filtration Parameters Influencing Circulating Tumor Cell Enrichment from Whole Blood
Filtration can achieve circulating tumor cell (CTC) enrichment from blood. Key parameters such as flow-rate, applied pressure, and fixation, vary largely between assays and their influence is not well understood. Here, we used a filtration system, to monitor these parameters and determine their relationships. Whole blood, or its components, with and without spiked tumor cells were filtered through track-etched filters. We characterize cells passing through filter pores by their apparent viscosity; the viscosity of a fluid that would pass with the same flow. We measured a ratio of 5�104?102?1 for the apparent viscosities of 15 �m diameter MDA-231 cells, 10 �m white cells and 90 fl red cells passing through a 5 �m pore. Fixation increases the pressure needed to pass cells through 8 �m pores 25-fold and halves the recovery of spiked tumor cells. Filtration should be performed on unfixed samples at a pressure of ?10 mbar for a 1 cm2 track-etched filter with 5 �m pores. At this pressure MDA-231 cells move through the filter in 1 hour. If fixation is needed for sample preservation, a gentle fixative should be selected. The difference in apparent viscosity between CTC and blood cells is key in optimizing recovery of CTC. PMID:23658615
Beck, Markus; Terstappen, Leon W. M. M.
Several lichen species have been used for medicinal purposes throughout the ages, and they were reported to be effective in the treatment of different disorders including tuberculosis, hemorrhoids, ulcer, dysentery and cancer. It is revealed that they may be easily accessible sources of natural drugs that could be used as a possible food supplement or in pharmaceutical industry after their safety evaluations. However, so far, the nature and/or biological roles of plenty of lichenes have not been elucidated exactly. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic and oxidative effects of water extracts of three different lichen species; Hypogymnia physodes, Ramalina polymorpha and Usnea florida in cultured human blood cells (n = 5) for the first time. All lichen species were collected from the Erzurum and Artvin provinces (in Turkey) during August 2010. The lichen extracts were added into culture tubes at various concentrations (0 to 2000 mg/L). Chromosome aberrations (CA) and micronucleus (MN) tests were used for genotoxic influences estimation. In addition, biochemical parameters (total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidative stress (TOS)) were examined to determine oxidative effects. In our in-vitro test systems, it was observed that all tested lichen extracts had no mutagenic effects on human lymphocytes. Furthermore, these extracts exhibited antioxidant properties due to the type of lichen species added to the cultures. In conclusion, these lichens can be a new resource of therapeutics as recognized in this study with their non-mutagenic and antioxidant features. PMID:24250516
Turkez, Hasan; Ayd?n, Elanur; Aslan, Ali
We evaluated maternal intake of SDG (secoisolariciresinol diglucoside), a compound from flaxseed, and flaxseed oil+SDG on biochemical and hormonal parameters of dams and male and female offspring during lactation. Dams were fed a standard diet (C); diet added 40 mg of SDG/100g diet (SDG) or diet added 40 mg of SDG/100g diet and 7% of flaxseed oil (OLSDG). SDG and OLSDG dams showed hyperprolactinemia. The OLSDG milk had lower lactose and protein, while the SDG milk had lower protein on the 14th day of lactation. At 14 days, OLSDG male and female pups showed lower body mass, SDG and OLSDG male pups had hypoprolactinemia and lower body fat mass, but higher visceral fat mass (VFM) and hypertriglyceridemia. At 21 days, male SDG and OLSDG presented hypotriglyceridemia. At 14 days, SDG and OLSDG female offspring showed higher serum 17-? estradiol (E2); OLSDG presented hypercholesterolemia and SDG presented hypertriglyceridemia. At 21 days, SDG and OLSDG female pups showed hypotriglyceridemia and OLSDG shower lower E2. Both maternal treatments changes maternal metabolism as well as hormonal and biochemical parameters of the offspring, which are gender-dependent. Maternal hyperprolactinemia may act as an imprint factor responsible for the hormonal and metabolic changes observed in the pups. PMID:22565278
Troina, A A; Figueiredo, M S; Passos, M C F; Reis, A M; Oliveira, E; Lisboa, P C; Moura, E G
The surfactant polyoxyethylene amine (POEA) is added to several formulations of glyphosate herbicides that are widely used in agriculture and can contaminate aquatic ecosystems. In the present study, an integrated approach examining genotoxic, biochemical and physiological parameters was employed to evaluate acute effects of POEA on the Neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus. Juvenile fish were exposed to 0.15 mg�L(-1) (POEA 1), 0.75 mg�L(-1) (POEA 2) and 1.5 mg�L(-1) (POEA 3) of POEA or only water (CTR), and after 24h exposure samples of blood and liver were taken. Compared with CTR, liver of fish exposed to POEA 2 and POEA 3 showed increased activity of 7 ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase and increased content of glutathione, whereas the activity of glutathione-S-transferase was diminished. On the other hand, fish of the group POEA 1 showed an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase and in the occurrence of lipid peroxidation. Fish exposed to POEA 3 presented increased hepatic activity of glutathione peroxidase and reduced plasma cortisol. The exposure to POEA at all concentrations tested caused an increase in plasma lactate and a decrease in the hepatic activity of catalase, in the number of red blood cells and in hemoglobin content. The comet assay used for analyzing DNA damage in blood cells indicated the genotoxicity of the surfactant at all concentrations tested. Taken together these results show that POEA can cause effects at various levels, such as hemolysis, DNA damage and lipid peroxidation, which are directly related to an imbalance in the redox state of the fish. PMID:24955954
Navarro, Claudia D C; Martinez, Claudia B R
The work investigated the molluscicidal potency of dried Capparis spinosa and Acacia arabica leaves on selected biochemical parameters of Bionimphalaria alexandrina, in order to render them, physiologically, unsuitable for S. mansoni infection or at least disturb the life-cycle of the parasite within its respective snail host. The effect of the two plants on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 5'-nucleotidase, acid phosphatase (AP), aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST & ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glucose content were studied. This work was extended to evaluate the effect of these two plants on protein profile as well as total protein (TP) content of snail's in haemolymph after 24 hours and one week of snails plants feeding. The study revealed that both plants induced marked alteration in all the measured parameters, where LC50 of C. spinosa after fed one week showed the most potent effect. PMID:15287187
Mantawy, Mona M; Hamed, Manal A; Sammour, Elham M; Sanad, Mahmoud
Facial vein (cheek blood) and caudal vein (tail blood) phlebotomy are two commonly used techniques for obtaining blood samples from laboratory mice, while automated blood sampling through a permanent catheter is a relatively new technique in mice. The present study compared physiological parameters, glucocorticoid dynamics as well as the behavior of mice sampled repeatedly for 24?h by cheek blood, tail blood or automated blood sampling from the carotid artery. Mice subjected to cheek blood sampling lost significantly more body weight, had elevated levels of plasma corticosterone, excreted more fecal corticosterone metabolites, and expressed more anxious behavior than did the mice of the other groups. Plasma corticosterone levels of mice subjected to tail blood sampling were also elevated, although less significantly. Mice subjected to automated blood sampling were less affected with regard to the parameters measured, and expressed less anxious behavior. We conclude that repeated blood sampling by automated blood sampling and from the tail vein is less stressful than cheek blood sampling. The choice between automated blood sampling and tail blood sampling should be based on the study requirements, the resources of the laboratory and skills of the staff. PMID:24958546
Kalliokoski, Otto; S�rensen, Dorte B; Hau, Jann; Abelson, Klas S P
Reference intervals (RI) are the most common decision support tool used for interpretation of numerical laboratory reports. The quality of the RI can play as large a role in result interpretation as the quality of the result itself. As such there is hardly any study examining RI for liver specific biochemical parameters in Indian population especially north Indians having drastically different food habits as compared to rest of the India. So there is a need to establish the RI for north Indian population. Present study was conducted on 2,021 apparently healthy individuals of north Indian origin ranging in age from 15-60�years, were selected randomly using defined criteria. Lipemic, hemolysed, icteric and stored samples were also excluded adopting preanalytical criteria for rejection of sample. Non parametric methodology for determination of RI was adopted as most of the biochemical parameters included revealed non Gaussian distribution. Data were analyzed for middle 95 percentile (2.5th-97.5th percentile), median and 95�% confidence interval using SPSS software package version 10.0. The upper and the lower limit of RI (reported Vs observed) for bilirubin (0-1.2 Vs 0.30-1.30�mg/dL), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transferase (SGOT) (0-41 Vs 13-52.80�IU/L), serum glutamate pyruvate transferase (SGPT) (0-50 Vs 10-68�IU/L) showed wide variation as compared to reported standard RI however Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) (0-50 Vs 5.00-50.60�IU/L) remained within the reported standard RI. Further gender wise evaluation revealed higher cutoff in males (AST 14-55, ALT 11-70.35, GGT 6.76-51.09 in IU/L, bilirubin (0.40-1.34�mg/dL) as compared to females (SGOT 13-50.43, SGPT 9-63.43, GGT 3.92-48.70 in IU/L, Bilirubin 0.30-1.20�mg/dL) for both enzymatic and non enzymatic biochemical parameters. The variations may be attributed to dietary pattern smoking and alcoholism. PMID:24381418
Yadav, Dharamveer; Mishra, Sandhya; Gupta, Monika; John, P J; Sharma, Praveen
Neuroactive effects of cotinine on the hippocampus: behavioral and biochemical parameters.
The present work evaluated the effects of nicotine (NIC), cotinine (COT), mecamylamine (MEC), methyllycaconitine (MLA) and dihydro-beta-eritroidine (DH?E) on memory extinction and the following biochemical parameters of the hippocampus: lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidant capacity (AC) and the phosphorylation of Extracellular-Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK 1/2). Young male rats that were implanted bilaterally with cannulae were submitted to memory extinction tests sessions, and their hippocampi were dissected for biochemical assays. The extinction of fear memory was significantly improved by both nicotine and its metabolite. Cotinine significantly increased LPO, while nicotine significantly decreased it. Antioxidant capacity was increased by all treatments. Our results showed that cotinine, unlike nicotine, may increase oxidative stress in the hippocampus, but this increase depends upon the dose used and happens without causing corresponding impairments in cognitive function. Cotinine also increased the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 in a similar fashion as nicotine. Considering these results, it is plausible to wonder to what extent nicotine-attributed effects are really due to the actions of this alkaloid and whether they could be due instead to cotinine or to cotinine-nicotine interactions within the brain. PMID:23602986
de Aguiar, R B; Parfitt, G M; Jaboinski, J; Barros, D M
With emphasis on thermal behavior in presence of different pH conditions and salts, the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of purified polygalacturonase (PG) of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora (Ecc) BR1 were studied since characterization of an enzyme is significant in the context of burgeoning biotechnological applications. Thermodynamic parameters for polygalacturonic acid hydrolysis by purified PG were, deltaH* = 7.98 kJ/mol, deltaG* = 68.86 kJ/mol, deltaS*= -194.48 J/mol/K, deltaG(E-S) = -1.04 kJ/mol and deltaG(E-T) = -8.96 kJ/mol. Its turnover number (k(cat)) was 21/sec. Purified PG was stable in 20-50 degrees C temperature range and was deactivated at 60 degrees C and 70 degrees C. Thermodynamic parameters (deltaH*, deltaG*, deltaS*) for irreversible inactivation of PG at different temperatures (30-60 degrees C) were determined, where effectiveness of various salts and different pH (4-8) individually for thermal stability of PG were characterized. The efficacy of various salts for thermal stability of PG was in the following order: MgCl? >BaCl? >KCl >CaCl? >NaCl. Present work projects biochemical, thermodynamics of substrate hydrolysis as well as thermal stabilization parameters of PG from Ecc. PMID:20668400
Maisuria, Vimal B; Patel, Vilas A; Nerurkar, Anuradha S
The effect of exposure to sublethal concentrations (0.017 mg L(-1), 1/10 of LC50) of the novel organophosphate (OP) insecticide, 2-butenoic acid-3-(diethoxyphosphinothioyl) methyl ester (RPR-II) on biochemical parameters in Oreochromis mossambicus was studied during exposure for 3, 7, 15, 30 and its recovery response after seven days. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity of brain, gill and muscle was inhibited by 67%, 77% and 73% respectively on day-30. The plasma and kidney alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) activity increased, while decreases were observed in gill and liver. Increases in acid phosphatase (AcP), and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activities were observed in plasma, gill, and kidney, and reductions of 20% and 61% in liver AcP and AP, respectively. Depletion of glycogen was observed in all tissues, an indication of typical stress related response of the fish with pesticide. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity decreased in liver and muscle, indicating tissue damage but a significant increase in LDH activity in gill and brain was observed. Depletion of glutathione (GSH) was observed in all tissues, thereby enhancing lipid peroxidation resulting in cell damage. The induction in hepatic glutathione-S-transferase (GST) levels indicates protection against the toxicity of xenobiotic-induced lipid peroxidation. There was a significant recovery in the above biochemical parameters, in all tissues of fish after a recovery period of seven days. These results revealed that the OP insecticide RPR-II is highly toxic and affects the intermediary metabolism of O. mossambicus. PMID:16765096
Venkateswara Rao, J
Blood flow quantification using 1D CFD parameter identification
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Patient-specific measurements of cerebral blood flow provide valuable diagnostic information concerning cerebrovascular diseases rather than visually driven qualitative evaluation. In this paper, we present a quantitative method to estimate blood flow parameters with high temporal resolution from digital subtraction angiography (DSA) image sequences. Using a 3D DSA dataset and a 2D+t DSA sequence, the proposed algorithm employs a 1D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model for estimation of time-dependent flow values along a cerebral vessel, combined with an additional Advection Diffusion Equation (ADE) for contrast agent propagation. The CFD system, followed by the ADE, is solved with a finite volume approximation, which ensures the conservation of mass. Instead of defining a new imaging protocol to obtain relevant data, our cost function optimizes the bolus arrival time (BAT) of the contrast agent in 2D+t DSA sequences. The visual determination of BAT is common clinical practice and can be easily derived from and be compared to values, generated by a 1D-CFD simulation. Using this strategy, we ensure that our proposed method fits best to clinical practice and does not require any changes to the medical work flow. Synthetic experiments show that the recovered flow estimates match the ground truth values with less than 12% error in the mean flow rates.
Brosig, Richard; Kowarschik, Markus; Maday, Peter; Katouzian, Amin; Demirci, Stefanie; Navab, Nassir
Background. Present study was designed to report the effect of 2% creatine monohydrate supplementation for 8, 12 and 15 weeks on hematology and serum biochemical profile of male albino mouse following hypoxic ischemic insult on postnatal day 10. Methods. 66 Blood samples (2% creatine monohydrate supplemented (N = 34) and unsupplemented (N = 32)) were analyzed for various hematological (blood glucose, packed cell volume, total WBC count, total RBC count) and serum biochemical parameters (cholesterol, AST, ALT, HDL, LDL, total protein, triglycerides). Results. ALT had higher concentrations in mice feeding on normal diet for 8 (P > 0.01) and 12 weeks (P > 0.01) following asphyxia and in 12 weeks treatment without asphyxia (P = 0.006) when compared with the creatine supplemented mice. LDL (P = 0.011) and cholesterol (P > 0.01) had higher concentrations in mice on normal diet for 12 weeks following hypoxia ischemia. Cholesterol (P > 0.01) in 12 and glucose (P = 0.006) in 15 week treatment group had significantly lower concentrations in creatine supplemented male albino mice when compared with untreated group following hxpoic-ischemic insult. Conclusion. We concluded that creatine supplementation following hypoxic ischemic insult helps in maintain the normal blood chemistry. PMID:24170981
Nazir, Nabia; Gillani, Quratulane; Akbar, Atif
Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) is the sepsis model that more closely resembles the human pathology, but it is likely to cause suffering to experimental animals. However, it is not clear whether the use of analgesia may affect some parameters evaluated in experimental sepsis research. Therefore, we investigated the effects of fentanyl and tramadol in experimental sepsis in the rat. The following parameters were evaluated: body temperature, body weight, water and food ingestion, mortality, analgesia, blood leukocytes, mean arterial blood pressure, vascular reactivity to phenylephrine, lung myeloperoxidase activity, and plasma levels of IL1-?, glutamic-oxaloacetic, glutamic-pyruvic, lactate, creatinine and urea. While producing significant analgesia, the opioids modify minimally the parameters, with the exception of sepsis-induced hypotension and mortality. Although fentanyl and tramadol can minimize pain and the general suffering of animals submitted to CLP surgery, their effects on cardiovascular parameters as well as in the mortality indicate that their use in experimental sepsis must be done with caution and with all the proper control groups. PMID:22486445
Nardi, Geisson Marcos; Bet, Angela Cristina; Sordi, Regina; Fernandes, Daniel; Assreuy, Jamil
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a stem-cell disease characterized by multilineage expansion of clonal BCR/ABL+ cells. Transformation from chronic into accelerated and blast phase of CML is usually associated with drug resistance and is accompanied by typical clinical and/or laboratory features, such as splenomegaly, increase in precursor cells, disturbed megakaryopoiesis, basophilia or marrow fibrosis. Because of new treatment options, early recognition of disease-acceleration is of importance. In this article, we review most recent developments in diagnostic procedures employing basophil-related biochemical and histopathological markers. These tests are useful to quantitate basophil-lineage cells in the peripheral blood in CML, to determine and quantify basophilia in the bone marrow, and to detect focal accumulations of blast cells and megakaryocytes as well as increased angiogenesis and fibrosis in bone marrow sections. Application of these markers may assist in determining the phase of disease and may help to better predict the prognosis in individual patients. PMID:18398724
Valent, Peter; Agis, Hermine; Sperr, Wolfgang; Sillaber, Christian; Horny, Hans-Peter
OBJECTIVE�To evaluate bone mineral density and biochemical parameters of bone metabolism in ambulatory premenopausal female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).?METHODS�30 women who fulfilled the ARA criteria for the classification of SLE were studied. Lumbar and femoral bone mineral density was determined by dual energy x ray absorptiometry. Various laboratory parameters including serum calcium, serum phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, bone specific isoform of alkaline phophatase, propeptide of type 1�procollagen, deoxypyridinoline excretion, telopeptide of type 1�collagen, serum creatinine, osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone, 25-OH vitamin D, testosterone, progesterone, estradiol, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinotropic hormone were measured.?RESULTS�According to the WHO criteria 39% of all patients with SLE studied had normal bone mineral density, 46% had osteopenia and 15% had osteoporosis at the lumbar spine; at the femoral neck 38.5% had normal bone mineral density, 38.5% had osteopenia and 23% suffered from osteoporosis. Significantly lower osteocalcin levels were found in SLE patients. All other bone resorption and formation markers measured were not statistically different, but higher serum albumin corrected calcium and lower phosphorus values were found in the SLE group. Of all sex hormones tested lower testosterone and higher follicle stimulating hormone concentrations were seen in patients with SLE.?CONCLUSION�A high incidence was found of osteopenia and osteoporosis in premenopausal patients with SLE. Bone diminution in SLE seems to be attributable, at least in part, to decreased bone formation in SLE patients.?? PMID:10733481
Redlich, K.; Ziegler, S.; Kiener, H.; Spitzauer, S.; Stohlawetz, P.; Bernecker, P.; Kainberger, F.; Grampp, S.; Kudlacek, S.; Woloszczuk, W.; Smolen, J.; Pietschmann, P.
The purpose of the present research was to study the organic response after ultraendurance cycling race. Selected biochemical, leg strength, flexibility, and aerobic capacity parameters were analyzed in 6 subjects 5 days before and 5 days after completing a 1700?km ultraendurance cycling race. After the race, participants presented a significant decrease in Hb (167.8 � 9.5 versus 141.6 � 15.7?mg/dL), strength (29.4 � 2.7 versus 25.5 � 3.7?cm in a countermovement jump), and oxygen uptake and heart rate at ventilatory threshold (1957.0 � 458.4 versus 1755.2 � 281.5?mL/kg/min and 140.0 � 9.7 versus 130.8 � 8.3?bpm, resp.). Testosterone presented a decrease tendency (4.2 � 2.5 versus 3.9 � 2.6?ng/L) in opposition to the increase tendency of cortisol and ammonium parameters. Transferrin and iron levels presented high values related to an overstimulation of the liver, a normal renal function, a tendency to decrease flexibility, and an increase in aerobic capacity, finding a tendency to increase the absolute maximal oxygen uptake (37.2 �2.4 versus 38.7 � 1.8?mL/min) in contrast to previous studies conducted with subjects with similar age. These results can be used to program training interventions, recovery times between probes, and nutritional and/or ergonomic strategies in ultraendurance events.
Type2 Fuzzy Classification of Blood Pressure Parameters
Blood pressure measurement is a highly sensitive task, because even breathing can cause variation as high as 10 mmHg in reading of blood pressure. Due to the presence of high level of uncertainty; the linear model for blood pressure classification is not appropriate. Fuzzy logic systems are capable of producing precise solutions from vague, incomplete, or approximate information, by accommodating
Usman Mahmood; Adel Al-Jumaily; M. Al-Jaafreh
Background Since ancient times, honey has been used for medicinal purposes in many cultures; it is one of the oldest and most enduring substances used in wound management. Scientific evidence for its efficacy is widely studied, but systemic safety studies are still lacking. It is essential to study the impact of consumption of honey on the health and proper development of the consumer. Therefore, the present study was designed to observe the effects of acute administration (14�days) of Gelam honey (GH), a wild harvesting honey and Acacia honey (AH), a beekeeping honey, on male and female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Methods An acute oral study was performed following OECD test guideline 423, with minor modifications. In the study, GH, AH and sucrose (S) were administered at 2000�mg/kg body weight. Animals were observed for the next 14�days. Gross pathology was performed at the end of the study. Animals were observed for mortality, morbidity, body weight changes, feed and water intake. Clinical biochemistry, gross pathology, relative organ weight and histopathological examination were performed. Results Rats fed with honey did not exhibit any abnormal signs or deaths. Results showed a decrease in weight gain and energy efficiency, but significantly increased in total food intake and total calories in female rats fed with GH, compared to control (p?0.05). Nevertheless, a significant increase in body weight was observed in male rats in all honey-treated groups. Male rats fed with AH significantly decreased in total food intake, total calories and energy efficiency. Both male and female rats fed with GH displayed a significant decrease in triglycerides compared to control group. Hepatic and renal function levels were within acceptable range. The gross necropsy analysis did not reveal changes in any of the organs examined. Conclusions Our results suggest that acute consumption of GH and AH at 2000�mg/kg body weight of male and female SD rats has some discrepancy effects on biochemical parameters but in line with OECD regulation. Gelam honey may have potential in controlling weight gain and triglyceride levels in female rats compared to Acacia honey. SD rats have some effect on biochemical parameters, an exploration of which would make for intriguing analysis. PMID:24885010
The purpose of this study was to examine concentrations of selected heavy metals in the liver and kidney of brown hares (Lepus europaeus). In addition, correlations between heavy metals and biochemical parameters in blood plasma were determined. The average concentrations of heavy metals (mmol/L) +/- SD were as follows: liver: Pb 0.221 +/- 0.189, Cd 0.160 +/- 0.140, Hg 0.021 +/- 0.030, kidney: Pb 0.115 +/- 0.125, Cd 1.570 +/- 1.103, Hg 0.030 +/- 0.053. The average concentrations of biochemical parameters in the blood plasma were as follows: Ca 3.16 mmol/L, P 2.19 mmol/L, Mg 1.40 mmol/L, Na 148.71 mmol/L, K 8.12 mmol/L, glucose 6.56 mmol/L, total proteins 56.49 g/L, urea 5.00 mmol/L, total lipids 1.40 g/L, bilirubin 3.97 micro mol/L, cholesterol 1.53 mmol/L, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 6.06 micro kat/L and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 1.94 micro kat/L. Average levels of hormones (ng/mL) were as follows: testosterone 2.94, androstendiol 0.13, estradiol 501.59, progesterone 6.63, oxytocin 328.60. Tissue analysis showed an accumulation of lead, cadmium and mercury in the liver and kidney of brown hares. There were no significant correlations between levels of heavy metals in liver, kidney, and biochemical parameters. PMID:18393073
Kolesarova, Adriana; Slamecka, Jaroslav; Jurcik, Rastislav; Tataruch, Frieda; Lukac, Norbert; Kovacik, Jaroslav; Capcarova, Marcela; Valent, Miroslav; Massanyi, Peter
EFFECTS OF INHALATION OF SOLUBLE METALLIC CONSTITUENTS OF PARTICULATE MATTER ON CARDIOPULMONARY, THERMOREGULATORY, AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN GUINEA PIGS. JP Nolan1, LB Wichers2, J Stanek3, UP Kodavanti1, MCJ Schladweiler1, PA Evansky1, ER Lappi1, DL Costa1, and WP Watkinson1...
Biochemical changes of hemoglobin and osmotic fragility of red blood cells in high fat diet rabbits.
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of hyperlipidemia on auto-oxidation rate of hemoglobin (Hb; absorbance at 630 nm versus time), Hb derivatives and osmotic fragility of Red Blood Cells (RBCs). These parameters were measured in twenty five 12-week-old male New Zealand white rabbits fed on a High Fat Diet (HFD) for a feeding period of 10 weeks. We found that Hb concentration and RBC count were significantly decreased while white blood cell and platelet counts were significantly increased in HFD rabbits compared with control rabbits. The Total Cholesterol (TC) was significantly increased (p < 0.01) in HFD rabbits compared with control rabbits with percentage normalized change of 1198% and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDLC) significantly increased (p < 0.01) in HFD rabbits compared with control rabbits with percentage normalized change of 1591%. In HFD rabbits, oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) percentage was significantly decreased while met-hemoglobin (Met-Hb) percentage was significantly increased compared with control rabbits. The auto-oxidation rate was significantly higher in HFD rabbits compared with controls. Hyperlipidemia induced an increase in the osmotic fragility of RBCs and a decrease in their membrane elasticity compared with controls. This study suggests that hyperlipidemia may produce reactive oxygen species and other free radicals which increase the auto-oxidation rate of Hb and promote the conversion of HbO2 and the fractions of unstable Hb molecules to Met-Hb and carboxyhemoglobin. Increased platelet activation in hyperlipidemic rabbits may be of pathophysiological importance for the progression of atherosclerosis and thromboembolic complications. The increase in osmotic fragility of RBCs may be attributed to the disturbance of ionic motion through the membrane and the change in molecular properties of the membrane macromolecules. PMID:20415140
Abdelhalim, Mohamed Anwar K; Moussa, Sherif Abdelmottaleb
The effects of cold air on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were investigated in an experimental study examining blood pressure and biochemical indicators. Zhangye, a city in Gansu Province, China, was selected as the experimental site. Health screening and blood tests were conducted, and finally, 30 cardiovascular disease patients and 40 healthy subjects were recruited. The experiment was performed during a cold event during 27�28 April 2013. Blood pressure, catecholamine, angiotensin II (ANG-II), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), muscle myoglobin (Mb) and endothefin-1 (ET-1) levels of the subjects were evaluated 1 day before, during the 2nd day of the cold exposure and 1 day after the cold air exposure. Our results suggest that cold air exposure increases blood pressure in cardiovascular disease patients and healthy subjects via the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) that is activated first and which augments ANG-II levels accelerating the release of the norepinephrine and stimulates the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The combined effect of these factors leads to a rise in blood pressure. In addition, cold air exposure can cause significant metabolism and secretion of Mb, cTnI and ET-1 in subjects; taking the patient group as an example, ET-1 was 202.7 ng/L during the cold air exposure, increased 58 ng/L compared with before the cold air exposure, Mb and cTnI levels remained relatively high (2,219.5 ng/L and 613.2 ng/L, increased 642.1 ng/L and 306.5 ng/L compared with before the cold air exposure, respectively) 1-day after the cold exposure. This showed that cold air can cause damage to patients� heart cells, and the damage cannot be rapidly repaired. Some of the responses related to the biochemical markers indicated that cold exposure increased cardiovascular strain and possible myocardial injury. PMID:24583830
Zhang, Xiakun; Zhang, Shuyu; Wang, Chunling; Wang, Baojian; Guo, Pinwen
Correlation between biochemical parameters and susceptibility of freshwater fish to malathion.
Acute toxicity (96-h LC50) of malathion was tested using five species of freshwater fish, namely, topmouth gudgeon (Pseudorasbora parva), goldfish (Carassius auratus), nile tilapia (Tilapia nilotica), mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Correlation was found between susceptibility and biochemical parameters such as activity of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and in vitro resistance of the enzyme to inhibition (IC50) of malaoxon (a major metabolite of malathion). The in vitro study also showed that malaoxon instead of malathion was the main inhibitor of AChE. Susceptibility to malathion was considerably changed as the fish was pretreated with piperonyl butoxide (PB, a P-450 inhibitor) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP, an inhibitor of carboxylesterase), respectively. Toxicity of malathion was significantly increased by TPP, but the responses of fish to PB were quite different among species. This suggested that both carboxylesterase and monooxygenase played an important role in susceptibility determination, and great variations existed among species in activity of monooxygenase. PMID:8691510
Li Shao-Non; Fan De-Fang
Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for variety of cardio-vascular diseases, such as hypertension, myocardial infarction, stroke and many others. It is of great importance for hypertensive patients to stop smoking. One of the medicines widely used for smoking cessation in Bulgaria is the original Bulgarian product Tabex�, which is developed on the basis of natural plant alkaloid cytisine. The aim of the following study was to ivestigate the effects of cytisine on some brain and hepatic biochemical parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), an widely used rodent model for human essential hypertension, and to compare the obtained results with their age-matched normotensive controls Wistar Kyoto (WKY). Multiple cytisine administration did not affect the activity of ethylmorphine-N-demethylase (EMND) and anylinehydroxylase (AH), as well as the quantity of cytochrome P 450, nor in WKY neither in SHR In the liver cytisine increased the MDA quantity both in SHR and in WKY, by 25% (p<0.05) and by 29% (p<0.05) respectively, while the GSH level was not significantly changed by the compound in both strains. In contrast, on the brain level, cytisine administration to SHR caused more prominent toxicity, resulted in GSH depletion and increased MDA quantity, while in WKY strain did not exert any toxicity. Cytisine did not significantly affect ALAT and ASAT activity in both strains. In conclusion, the results of our study suggest higher brain toxicity of cytisine in spontaneously hypertensive rats, that might be due to their pathophysiological characteristics. PMID:21217867
Simeonova, Rumyana; Vitcheva, Vessela; Mitcheva, Mitka
The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of various conditions including epilepsy, inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis is evolving. The aim of this study was to find out the correlation between various inflammatory models with seizures and antioxidant parameters. Fifty-four male rats were divided into three groups of colitis, adjuvant arthritis and cotton wool granuloma (CWG). Each group had three subgroups of control, model and treatment. Thalidomide was used as treatment in colitis and arthritis group, whereas etoricoxib was used in CWG group. In colitis and arthritis groups, thalidomide was administered for 3 and 17 days, respectively, whereas etoricoxib was administered for 7 days in CWG group. At the end of treatment protocols, a subconvulsive dose of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) (40 mg/kg i.p.) was injected intraperitoneally to note seizure onset and score. After confirming the presence of inflammation by morphological and histological studies, plasma and brain biochemical parameters of oxidative stress were estimated. The models of colitis, arthritis and CWG were effectively produced as evidenced by morphological scores (P < 0.001). Thalidomide reduced the morphological score (P < 0.002) and seizure grade (P < 0.001), whereas increased seizure onset (P < 0.001) in the arthritis group. There was an increase in malondialdehyde levels in the brain of thalidomide-treated groups (P < 0.002) and a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels. There was neither improvement in seizure nor any significant changes in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme levels in etoricoxib-treated group. Thalidomide was effective in reducing the extent of arthritis as well as reducing the seizure scoring and increasing seizure onset in the adjuvant arthritis group. As it increased lipid peroxidation and reduced SOD and GPx, further evaluation is necessary with respect to oxidative stress. PMID:20584211
Rao, Ramya S; Medhi, Bikash; Khanduja, Krishan Lal; Pandhi, Promila
Ataturk Dam Lake, the largest impounded lake in Turkey, has been contaminated by domestic, industrial and agricultural effluents coming from Adiyaman city. In this study, we investigated the possible effects of pollutants on several biochemical parameters in the cyprinid fish, Cyprinus carpio, by comparing the parameters in fish collected from a polluted area (Sitilce) to a relatively clean area (Samsat) in August 2011. The activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase and levels of cortisol, glucose, and K increased while total protein, cholesterol, Ca, Na and Cl levels decreased in fish from the Sitilce site when compared to the Samsat site. The observed alterations in these biochemical parameters indicate that the Ataturk Dam Lake is affected by untreated wastewater discharges. PMID:22782360
F?rat, �zg�r; Al?c?, M�sl�m Faruk
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The glucose content in blood and the lipid content in serum and tissues of dogs exposed to chronic radiation for 3 and 5 years were studied. In tissues of these animals, the concentration of soluble DNA and DNA contained in DNP was studied in the spleen, lymph node (deep cervical node) and bone marrow of thigh bones. Results indicate that chronic gamma irradiation significantly changes concentrations of glucose in the blood, and that of several lipids in serum and tissues. A reduction in the concentration of DNP in tested organs reflects changes in the relative number of cells with various nuclear cytoplasmic ratios; most pronounced changes in biochemical indices occur in dogs exposed to chronic gamma radiation in doses of 125 rad per year.
Alers, I.; Alersova, E.; Praslichka, T.; Mishurova, E.; Sedlakova, A.; Malatova, Z.; Akhunov, A. A.; Markelov, B. A.
The organization, regulation and dynamical responses of biological systems are in many cases too complex to allow intuitive predictions and require the support of mathematical modeling for quantitative assessments and a reliable understanding of system functioning. All steps of constructing mathematical models for biological systems are challenging, but arguably the most difficult task among them is the estimation of model parameters and the identification of the structure and regulation of the underlying biological networks. Recent advancements in modern high-throughput techniques have been allowing the generation of time series data that characterize the dynamics of genomic, proteomic, metabolic, and physiological responses and enable us, at least in principle, to tackle estimation and identification tasks using �top-down� or �inverse� approaches. While the rewards of a successful inverse estimation or identification are great, the process of extracting structural and regulatory information is technically difficult. The challenges can generally be categorized into four areas, namely, issues related to the data, the model, the mathematical structure of the system, and the optimization and support algorithms. Many recent articles have addressed inverse problems within the modeling framework of Biochemical Systems Theory (BST). BST was chosen for these tasks because of its unique structural flexibility and the fact that the structure and regulation of a biological system are mapped essentially one-to-one onto the parameters of the describing model. The proposed methods mainly focused on various optimization algorithms, but also on support techniques, including methods for circumventing the time consuming numerical integration of systems of differential equations, smoothing overly noisy data, estimating slopes of time series, reducing the complexity of the inference task, and constraining the parameter search space. Other methods targeted issues of data preprocessing, detection and amelioration of model redundancy, and model-free or model-based structure identification. The total number of proposed methods and their applications has by now exceeded one hundred, which makes it difficult for the newcomer, as well as the expert, to gain a comprehensive overview of available algorithmic options and limitations. To facilitate the entry into the field of inverse modeling within BST and related modeling areas, the article presented here reviews the field and proposes an operational �work-flow� that guides the user through the estimation process, identifies possibly problematic steps, and suggests corresponding solutions based on the specific characteristics of the various available algorithms. The article concludes with a discussion of the present state of the art and with a description of open questions. PMID:19327372
Chou, I-Chun; Voit, Eberhard O.
Dynamics of cerebral blood flow regulation explained using a lumped parameter model
Dynamics of cerebral blood flow regulation explained using a lumped parameter model METTE S October 2001 Olufsen, Mette S., Ali Nadim, and Lewis A. Lipsitz. Dynamics of cerebral blood flow: R611R622, 2002; 10.1152/ajpregu. 00285.2001.--The dynamic cerebral blood flow response to sudden
Olufsen, Mette Sofie
Association of serum fetuin-A and biochemical parameters in hemodialysis patients.
Fetuin-A, a hepatic glycoprotein present in the circulation, is a potential inhibitor for systemic calcification. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the association between fetuin-A and other biochemical parameters as facilitator factors for developing atherosclerosis in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This case-control study was conducted on 44 HD patients undergoing treatment in 2012. Parathormone (i-PTH) and fetuin levels were performed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) by chemiluminescence, low-density lipoprotein by direct enzymatic, calcium and albumin by colorimetric and phosphorous by ultraviolet (UV) methods. Chi-square was used for evaluating the association between variables and t-test was used for comparing the mean of the quantitative variables for the two groups. SPSS-16 software was used for data analysis and P-value less than 5% was considered as significant. Mean of serum fetuin level was 23.25 � 4.90 ng/mL in HD patients and 32.92 � 5.21 in the control group. Median of hs-CRP was 2.45 mg/dL in the patients and 1.00 mg/dL in the control group and i-PTH was 74.3 pg/mL in the patients and 7.30 pg/mL in the control group. The calcium-phosphorous product was 46.77 � 14.22 mg/dL in the patient and 31.73 � 6.48 mg/dL in the control group. A reverse significant association was found between fetuin-A and hs-CRP in this study. In this study, serum fetuin-A level in HD patients was lower than controls. Therefore, a low level of fetuin-A seems to be associated with atherosclerosis, inflammation and malnutrition. PMID:24969186
Haddad, Mahbobeh; Tajbakhsh, Ramin; Farajollahi, Mehran; Qorbani, Mostafa; Besharat, Sima; Joshaghani, Hamid Reza
Metanil yellow, a non-permitted colour for food commodities, is used in the leather, paper and textile industries. In this paper the effect of oral and parenteral administration of Metanil yellow on hepatic and intestinal biochemical parameters was investigated. Oral administration of Metanil yellow (430 mg kg-1 body wt.) for 7 days caused significant depletion of hepatic and intestinal glutathione levels (33-52%) with a concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation (49-121%). Metanil yellow treatment for 7 days also led to a significant increase in cytochrome P-450 (P-450)-dependent aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity (99-223%) in the liver and intestine. Cytosolic glutathione-S-transferase (GST) (32-136%) and quinone reductase (QR) (20-92%) activities were also found to be substantially induced in hepatic and intestinal tissues following oral treatment of Metanil yellow. It is interesting to note that oral treatment of Metanil yellow showed a greater response in cytosolic enzymes of hepatic tissue as compared to intestine. Single parenteral administration of Metanil yellow (80 mg kg-1 body wt.) caused significant induction of P-450 and its dependent monooxygenases. Even after 5 days of single parenteral administration of Metanil yellow, hepatic AHH activity showed an elevation of 48% while other monooxygenases were marginally increased. Cytosolic GST and QR showed respective peak inductions of 92% and 60% after 2 and 3 days of parenteral administration of Metanil yellow, which levels off after the 5th day. It can be concluded that Metanil yellow acts as an inducer of a specific form of microsomal P-450 and cytosolic GST and QR, which may involve a cytosolic Ah receptor. PMID:9048233
Ramchandani, S; Das, M; Joshi, A; Khanna, S K
This final report summarizes our most recent experimentation on the mechanism by which the erythropoietin interaction with cell surface receptors initiates nuclear RNA synthesis. It also describes the biological and biochemical effects of endotoxin-free erythropoietin, the finding that maximal hemoglobin synthesis in semi-solid medium probably requires cell-cell interactions and the initial clinical testing of erythropoietin in patients with anemia due to chronic renal disease.
Goldwasser, E.
As permanent grassland is a large?scale land?use type in Central Europe, grassland inventories are relevant for ecological and agrarian issues. The objective of this study was to assess structural and biochemical grassland parameters (LAI, chlorophyll, water and dry matter contents) from field spectroradiometer data (ASD FieldSpec II) by radiative transfer modelling (PROSPECT+SAIL). Constraints were necessary to compensate the ill?posed nature
M. Vohland; T. Jarmer
The present work aimed to estimate the toxicity of cadmium and copper to fingerlings of marine fish Mugil seheli, as well as the effect of different concentratios of Cd and Cu on some biochemical parameters (Aspartate and alanine transaminase enzymes, glucose, glycogen, lipid and protein) in the fish organs. 96-h LC50s of Cd and Cu were 5.36 and 1.64 ppm,
Dose-response relationships between blood lead levels and toxic effects have been evaluated in 160 lead workers in two smelters and a chemicals plant. Blood lead levels ranged from 0.77 to 13.51 mumol/litre (16-280 microgram/dl). Clinical evidence of toxic exposure was found in 70 workers (44%), including colic in 33, wrist or ankle extensor muscle weakness in 12, anaemia (Hgb less than 8.69 mumol/litre (Hb/4) or 14.0 gm/dl) in 27, elevated blood urea nitrogen (greater than or equal to 7.14 mmol/litre or 20 mg/dl) in 28, and possible encephalopathy in two. No toxicity was detected at blood lead levels below 1.93 mumol/litre (40 microgram/dl). However, 13% of workers with blood lead levels of 1.93 to 3.81 mumol/litre (40-79 microgram/dl) had extensor muscle weakness or gastrointestinal symptoms. Anaemia was found in 5% of workers with lead levels of 1.93-2.85 mumol/litre (40-59 microgram/dl), in 14% with levels of 2.90 to 3.81 mumol/litre (60-79 microgram/dl), and in 36% with levels greater than or equal to 3.86 mumol/litre (80 microgram/dl). Elevated blood urea nitrogen occurred in long-term lead workers. All but three workers with increased blood urea nitrogen had at least four years occupational lead exposure, and nine had received oral chelation; eight of this group had reduced creatinine clearance, and eight had decreased renal concentrating ability. These data support the establishment of a permissible biological limit for blood lead at a level between 1.93 and 2.90 mumol/litre (40-60 microgram/dl). PMID:508643
Baker, E L; Landrigan, P J; Barbour, A G; Cox, D H; Folland, D S; Ligo, R N; Throckmorton, J
[Association between the hemodynamic and rheological parameters in the micro blood vessels in vivo].
Considering the experimental data obtained earlier, regarding the shift velocity in the micro blood vessels in vivo, and general theses of liquid mechanics and rheology of the non-Newtonian liquids, a generalized ratio between the hemodynamic and rheological parameters in the micro blood vessels in vivo are overviewed. These are: pressure difference--DeltaP, volume of blood flow--Q, linear velocity of blood flow, viscosity of Newtonian liquid--k, effective viscosity of the blood in a vessel in vivo eta(effect), and index of rheological behavior--n, which was determined earlier in our laboratory. These parameters are observed in the live blood vessels of microcirculatory bed, in all regimes of the blood flow characteristic for the in-vivo vessels. PMID:15834187
Mamisashvili, V A; Mchedlishvili, N T; Chachanidze, E T; Urotadze, K N
The present investigation has been undertaken to evaluate the role of Spirulina fusiformis in modifying the mercury-induced biochemical alterations in Swiss albino mice. Animals were divided into four groups: (i) control group � only vehicle (0.9% NaCl\\/olive oil) was given; (ii) HgCl2 treated group � 5.0mg\\/kg b.w. HgCl2 administered as i.p.; (iii) Spirulina treated group � 800mg\\/kg b.w. Spirulina extract
Mukesh Kumar Sharma; Reena Patni; Madhu Kumar; Ashok Kumar
BACKGROUND Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is caused by reduced frataxin (FXN) concentrations. A clinical diagnosis is typically confirmed by DNA-based assays for GAA-repeat expansions or mutations in the FXN (frataxin) gene; however, these assays are not applicable to therapeutic monitoring and population screening. To facilitate the diagnosis and monitoring of FRDA patients, we developed an immunoassay for measuring FXN. METHODS Antibody pairs were used to capture FXN and an internal control protein, ceruloplasmin (CP), in 15 ?L of whole blood (WB) or one 3-mm punch of a dried blood spot (DBS). Samples were assayed on a Luminex LX200 analyzer and validated according to standard criteria. RESULTS The mean recovery of FXN from WB and DBS samples was 99%. Intraassay and interassay imprecision (CV) values were 4.9%�13% and 9.8%�16%, respectively. The FXN limit of detection was 0.07 ng/mL, and the reportable range of concentrations was 2�200 ng/mL. Reference adult and pediatric FXN concentrations ranged from 15 to 82 ng/mL (median, 33 ng/mL) for DBS and WB. The FXN concentration range was 12�22 ng/mL (median, 15 ng/mL) for FRDA carriers and 1�26 ng/mL (median 5 ng/mL) for FRDA patients. Measurement of the FXN/CP ratio increased the ability to distinguish between patients, carriers, and the reference population. CONCLUSIONS This assay is applicable to the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of FRDA. This assay can measure FXN and the control protein CP in both WB and DBS specimens with minimal sample requirements, creating the potential for high-throughput population screening of FRDA. PMID:23838345
Oglesbee, Devin; Kroll, Charles; Gakh, Oleksandr; Deutsch, Eric C.; Lynch, David R.; Gavrilova, Ralitza; Tortorelli, Silvia; Raymond, Kimiyo; Gavrilov, Dimitar; Rinaldo, Piero; Matern, Dietrich; Isaya, Grazia
Conservation programs to protect endangered sea turtles are being instituted worldwide. A common practice in these programs is to collect blood to evaluate the health of the turtles. Several different venipuncture sites are used to collect blood from sea turtles for hematologic and biochemistry tests, depending on the species. To date, it is unknown what affect venipuncture site may have on sample results. The purpose of this study was to measure the level of agreement between hematologic and biochemistry values collected from the dorsal cervical sinus and the interdigital vein of leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) sea turtles. Paired heparinized blood samples were obtained from the dorsal cervical sinus and the interdigital vein of 12 adult female nesting leatherback sea turtles on Keys Beach, St. Kitts, West Indies. Even though the sample population was small, the data for each chemistry were normally distributed, except for creatine kinase (CK). There was no significant difference when comparing biochemistry or hematologic values by venipuncture site, except for CK (P = 0.02). The level of agreement between sampling sites was considered good for albumin, calcium, globulin, glucose, packed cell volume, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, total protein, total solids, uric acid, white blood cell count, and all of the individual white cell types, while the level of agreement for aspartate aminotransferase and CK were considered poor. This information, coupled with the fact that the interdigital vein affords a less-invasive procedure, demonstrates that the interdigital vein is an appropriate location to use when establishing a hematologic and biochemical profile for leatherback sea turtles. PMID:23272336
Stewart, Kimberly; Mitchell, Mark A; Norton, Terry; Krecek, Rosina C
Background Hookworms infect millions of people worldwide and can cause severe clinical symptoms in their hosts. Prospective cohort studies in Brazil show high rates of hookworm reinfection in malnourished children compared to well-nourished children, despite previous treatment. Additionally, soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections can worsen the nutritional status of affected populations. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the effects of host malnutrition during Ancylostoma ceylanicum infection and how this infection affects host physiological parameters using a hamster model. Methodology/Principal Findings Hamsters were divided into four experimental groups: normal diet or low-protein diet (also referred to as �malnourished�) and A. ceylanicum infection or no infection. More severe pathogenesis was observed in the infected malnourished group, as demonstrated by significant decreases in the hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte number and packed-cell volume compared to the non-infected malnourished group. Greater numbers of adult parasites and eggs were observed in the malnourished group compared to the control group; however, the oviposition rate was lower in the malnourished group. In general, greater values of total lipids were observed in malnourished animals compared to control animals, including lipids excreted in the stool. Conclusions In this work, we have demonstrated that animals fed an isocaloric low-protein diet presented more severe pathogenesis when infected with A. ceylanicum. The increased lipid concentration in the liver and blood is related to the conversion of the excess carbohydrate into fatty acids that increase the concentration of triglycerides in general. Triglycerides were excreted in the feces, indicating that infection associated with malnutrition caused a greater loss of these molecules for this group of animals and confirming the hypothesis that both nutrition and infection are responsible for the malabsorption syndrome. Taken together, the results found in this work confirm the hypothesis that the nutritional condition of the host greatly influences the course of the infection. PMID:25254370
Pacanaro, Carina P.; Dias, Silvia R.; Serafim, Luciana R.; Costa, Mariana P.; Aguilar, Edenil; Paes, Paulo R.; Alvarez-Leite, Jacqueline I.; Rabelo, Elida M.
Eleven biochemical indicators (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, xanthurenic ; acid, creatine, creatinine, BETA -aminoisobutyric acid, taurine, 11-deoxy-17-; ketosteroid, total estrogens and Dische reaction-positive substance(s) in urine; ; 5-hydroxytryptamine in whole blood; and cortisol in blood plasma) of the ; radiation injury'' were analyzed in 6 cases which were accidentally exposed to a ; gamma ray source of ¹⁹²Ir. Among them, 4 indicators
W. Nakamura; K. Mizobuchi; F. Sawada; T. Kankura; S. Kobayashi
Cadmium (Cd), as one of heavy metals and an environmental stressor, may alter many physiological processes like growth and serum parameters in fish. The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of cadmium at sub-lethal concentrations (1 and 3 ?g/l) on growth and serum biochemical parameters including enzymes, i.e. alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and total protein in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Trout were exposed to cadmium, and, at intervals of 1, 15, and 30 days, selected parameters were evaluated. Condition Factor (K), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Body Weight Gain (BWG) consistently decreased, while Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) increased at the end of experiment. Glucose was elevated in trout exposed to both Cd concentrations at day 15 and then returned to levels comparable to control fish. Triglyceride and cholesterol decreased transiently at day 15 and then increased at day 30. Total protein, AST, ALT and ALP increased linearly by time and Cd concentration. This investigation suggests that growth and serum biochemical parameters could be used as important and sensitive biomarkers in ecotoxicological studies concerning the effects of metal contamination and fish health. PMID:23782857
Cadmium (Cd), as one of heavy metals and an environmental stressor, may alter many physiological processes like growth and serum parameters in fish. The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of cadmium at sub-lethal concentrations (1 and 3 ?g/l) on growth and serum biochemical parameters including enzymes, i.e. alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and total protein in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Trout were exposed to cadmium, and, at intervals of 1, 15, and 30 days, selected parameters were evaluated. Condition Factor (K), Specific Growth Rate (SGR) and Body Weight Gain (BWG) consistently decreased, while Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) increased at the end of experiment. Glucose was elevated in trout exposed to both Cd concentrations at day 15 and then returned to levels comparable to control fish. Triglyceride and cholesterol decreased transiently at day 15 and then increased at day 30. Total protein, AST, ALT and ALP increased linearly by time and Cd concentration. This investigation suggests that growth and serum biochemical parameters could be used as important and sensitive biomarkers in ecotoxicological studies concerning the effects of metal contamination and fish health. PMID:23782857
Heydarnejad, M Saeed; Khosravian-Hemamai, Mozhdeh; Nematollahi, Amin
Background Exposure to cigarette smoke during pregnancy leads to several adverse effects on mother and child. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of being a passive smoker during pregnancy on vitamin D level and related biochemical indices including parathyroid hormone, calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase in mothers and newborns. Methods One hundred eight pregnant women and their newborns participated in a historical cohort study in two equal groups (n?=?54) with and without cigarette smoke exposure. Maternal blood and urine samples and blood samples of umbilical cord were obtained in the delivery room. Concentration of 25-hydroxy vitamin D and related biochemical indices in samples of maternal and cord blood were investigated. Exposure to cigarette smoke was evaluated through questionnaire and maternal urine and umbilical cord serum cotinine levels. Results The mean level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in maternal serum was 9.28?�?5.19?ng/mlin exposed and 10.75?�?5.26?ng/ml in non-exposed group(p?>?0.05). The mean concentration of 25-hydroxy vitamin D in cord serum was 10.83?�?6.68?ng/ml in the exposed and 11.05?�?4.99?ng/ml in the non-exposed group(p?>?0.05). The exposed mothers had significantly higher parathyroid hormone level (p?=?0.013), lower serum calcium (p?=?0.024) and higher serum alkaline phosphatase (p?=?0.024). There was a significant correlation between maternal and umbilical cord serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D within both exposed and non-exposed groups (p?0.001). Conclusion Maternal exposure to cigarette smoking during pregnancy negatively influences serum calcium level and increase parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase in mothers. PMID:23663478
Evaluation of Quality Parameters for Cord Blood Donations
Summary Background Umbilical cord blood (CB) is widely used for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and holds promise for the development of innovative medicinal products. In order to find out whether the conditions for collection and storage before processing might have an impact on the quality of CB preparations, viability and the clonogenic potential were assessed. Methods CB was collected under field conditions. Flow cytometry was used to determine leukocytes, CD34/CD45+ cells, viability, and nucleated red blood cells (NRBC). Clonogenic activity was determined using isolated mononuclear cells (MNC). Results Neither plasma citrate concentrations nor storage temperature (within 24 h) affected cell viability or colony formation. After storage for 49-80 h, leukocyte viability declined by about 16% compared to CB stored up to 24 h. In contrast, the clonogenic activity and CD34/CD45+ cell content were not affected. A higher gestational age was associated with a lower yield of clonogenic activity compared to midterm deliveries. NRBC varied widely (median 7.3%; range 0.63-17.3%) without relation to gestational age or colony formation. There was a close correlation between the percentage of viable CD34/CD45+ cells and colony formation (r = 0.77 for CFU-GM; r = 0.75 for CFU-C). Conclusions The content of viable CD34/CD45+ cells represents the clonogenic activity of CB preparations. Therefore, determination of viable CD34/CD45+ cells should be generally performed as a routine quality control assay. PMID:21076550
Salge-Bartels, Ursula; Huber, Helga Marie; Kleiner, Kornelia; Volkers, Peter; Seitz, Rainer; Heiden, Margarethe
Evaluation of Quality Parameters for Cord Blood Donations.
SUMMARY: BACKGROUND: Umbilical cord blood (CB) is widely used for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and holds promise for the development of innovative medicinal products. In order to find out whether the conditions for collection and storage before processing might have an impact on the quality of CB preparations, viability and the clonogenic potential were assessed. METHODS: CB was collected under field conditions. Flow cytometry was used to determine leukocytes, CD34/CD45+ cells, viability, and nucleated red blood cells (NRBC). Clonogenic activity was determined using isolated mononuclear cells (MNC). RESULTS: Neither plasma citrate concentrations nor storage temperature (within 24 h) affected cell viability or colony formation. After storage for 49-80 h, leukocyte viability declined by about 16% compared to CB stored up to 24 h. In contrast, the clonogenic activity and CD34/CD45+ cell content were not affected. A higher gestational age was associated with a lower yield of clonogenic activity compared to midterm deliveries. NRBC varied widely (median 7.3%; range 0.63-17.3%) without relation to gestational age or colony formation. There was a close correlation between the percentage of viable CD34/CD45+ cells and colony formation (r = 0.77 for CFU-GM; r = 0.75 for CFU-C). CONCLUSIONS: The content of viable CD34/CD45+ cells represents the clonogenic activity of CB preparations. Therefore, determination of viable CD34/CD45+ cells should be generally performed as a routine quality control assay. PMID:21076550
Salge-Bartels, Ursula; Huber, Helga Marie; Kleiner, Kornelia; Volkers, Peter; Seitz, Rainer; Heiden, Margarethe
Influence of wood ash on soil chemical composition and biochemical parameters of young Scots pine
Short-term effects of different doses (0.25 and 0.5 kg m-2) of wood ash fertilization in a field experiment in a 20-year-old Scots pine stand on a nutrient-poor sandy soil (Arenosol) was studied in North Estonia. Soil chemical properties, nutrient accumulation, soluble carbohydrates, starch, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin were used as biochemical indicators for the assessment of the state of trees
Malle Mandre
The model species Fundulus heteroclitus was sampled from the intake and thermally elevated discharge water of five power plants and twenty-five other areas in the Chesapeake Bay which are not associated with power plants. Genetic and physiological measurements were made on sampled populations and differences correlated with environmental temperature, oxygen and/or salinity. Finally, attempts to sort out some of these variables were made by employing laboratory experiments at the whole organism, cellular, and biochemical levels.
Powers, D.A.
Effects of gas flaring on blood parameters and respiratory system of laboratory mice, Mus musculus
In order to evaluate the potential harmful effects of gas flaring on mammals, albino mice, Mus musculus, were exposed to gas flares for 8�weeks under laboratory conditions. The effect of gas flaring on blood parameters includes\\u000a a reduction in white blood cell counts among mice exposed to 8-h daily of gas flaring when compared to control mice. The red\\u000a blood
Adebayo Otitoloju; Jemina Dan-Patrick
[Changes in the blood biochemical indices of lambs weaned at different ages].
Studied were the changes in the Ca, P, Mg, total protein, and protein fractions in the blood serum, and the Na and K in the plasma and erythrocytes in three groups of lambs weaned on the 5th, 15th, and 20th day after birth. The changes in these indices both in the test and in the control lambs varied within the normal range for a given age. In the control lambs there were higher values of K, lower values of Na in the erythrocytes, and lower values of the blood sugar. Presumably, this was due to the adaptational changes in the animals in connection with the modified way of feeding. The conclusion was drawn that early weaning coupled with the use of the SEC Mlechna Promishlenost milk replacers could be introduced in the practice of lamb fattening. PMID:7344286
Petkova, E; Chushkov, P; Poshtakov, E
Biochemical analysis of a blood meal-induced Aedes aegypti glutamine synthetase gene.
Glutamine synthetase (GS) in the mosquito, Aedes aegypti, is induced in the midgut following a blood meal. Mosquito GS message is detected as soon as 1 h post-blood feeding and remains stable for 18 h. Using a PCR product encoding mosquito GS, a lambda gt10 adult female mosquito cDNA library was screened. A cDNA clone, pCl5A2, encoding the full translation product of mosquito GS was isolated and sequence analyses performed. Mosquito GS cDNA is 2.5 kb in length and its putative translation product shares all the conserved regions characteristic of the GS gene family, including the presumed ATP biding site. Glutamine synthetase activity in the mosquito midgut is highest at 18 h post-blood feeding. Activity can be detected over a broad pH range, from 6.0 to 7.5. Unlike other cellular GS enzymes, mosquito GS is not active in the presence of ATP. Very low dosages (0.05 mM) of L-methionine S-sulfoximine are sufficient to partially inhibit mosquito GS activity. Inhibition of GS disrupts the normal formation of the midgut peritrophic matrix, suggesting that GS enzyme might be involved in the initial pathway of chitin synthesis. The unique expression pattern and inducible nature of the mosquito GS gene make it an interesting candidate for studying promoter function. Additionally, the blood meal activation of the GS gene makes this a potentially valuable tool in mosquito transformation studies. PMID:9887510
Smartt, C T; Chiles, J; Lowenberger, C; Christensen, B M
[Blood biochemical changes in maternally deprived children and their emotional status].
Environmental rearing conditions during the neonatal period are critical for the establishment of neurobiological factors controlling behavior and stress responsiveness. Early maternal deprivation in animals consisting of a single 24-h maternal deprivation episode during early neonatal life has been proposed as an animal model for certain psychopathologies including anxiety, depression and schizophrenic-related disorders. The aim of the present research was to show the mechanisms how the early maternal deprivation in humans influences the emotional status of children. To understand the effects of early deprivation on the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of children following social interactions, we examined the blood neurotransmitters levels (Norepinefrin NA; Dofamin DF; Serotonin SE) in a group of healthy institutionalized children at age from 6 to 36 months from Tbilisi Infant's House. A group of healthy children of the same age from Mother & child shelters formed the control group. Emotional status was assessed by Leusher's Color Test in a group of healthy institutionalized children at age from 3 to 6 years from Tskneti Orphanage. Institutionalized children showed elevations in blood NE and decreased SE and DF concentrations in comparison with non deprived children's blood. The higher was percentage of children with high level of anxiety in the group of children from orphanage than in the children with family care. The results suggest that early maternal deprivation may contribute to long-term regulatory problems of the stress-responsive system that may be resulted in altered emotionality and behavior in deprived children. PMID:21873754
Gogberashvili, K Ia; Gagoshidze, M V; Pagava, K I
Purpose: An experimental study comparing the dynamics of several biochemical markers before and after osteosynthesis, utilizing implants coated with titanium and hafnium nitrides and non-coated implants on rabbits� bones. Materials and methods: The Study has been conducted on 30 rabbits of both sexes, at the age of 6-7 months, weighing 2526.5�74.4 gm. Animals underwent open osteotomy of the tibia in the middle third of the diaphysis followed by the intramedullary nailing. The level of alkaline phosphatase, calcium, phosphorus, total protein, glucose, ALT and AST were monitored for 60 days. Results: the use of implants coated with titanium and hafnium nitrides, which have high strength, thermal and chemical stability, was not accompanied by the development of additional negative reactive changes compared to non-coated implants. Conclusion: Nanotechnology used in manufacturing bioinert coatings for implants for osteosynthesis, has made the post-operative period less complicated as reflected by less expressed changing in the markers of bone metabolism and hepatotoxicity. PMID:25419385
Yousef, Ashraf; Akhtyamov, Ildar; Shakirova, Faina; Zubairova, Lyaili; Gatina, Elmira; Aliev, ?lchin
WNK1 [with no lysine (K)] and WNK4 regulate blood pressure by controlling the activity of ion co-transporters in the kidney. Groundbreaking work has revealed that the ubiquitylation and hence levels of WNK isoforms are controlled by a Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex (CRL3KLHL3) that utilizes CUL3 (Cullin3) and its substrate adaptor, KLHL3 (Kelch-like protein 3). Loss-of-function mutations in either CUL3 or KLHL3 cause the hereditary high blood pressure disease Gordon's syndrome by stabilizing WNK isoforms. KLHL3 binds to a highly conserved degron motif located within the C-terminal non-catalytic domain of WNK isoforms. This interaction is essential for ubiquitylation by CRL3KLHL3 and disease-causing mutations in WNK4 and KLHL3 exert their effects on blood pressure by disrupting this interaction. In the present study, we report on the crystal structure of the KLHL3 Kelch domain in complex with the WNK4 degron motif. This reveals an intricate web of interactions between conserved residues on the surface of the Kelch domain ?-propeller and the WNK4 degron motif. Importantly, many of the disease-causing mutations inhibit binding by disrupting critical interface contacts. We also present the structure of the WNK4 degron motif in complex with KLHL2 that has also been reported to bind WNK4. This confirms that KLHL2 interacts with WNK kinases in a similar manner to KLHL3, but strikingly different to how another KLHL protein, KEAP1 (Kelch-like enoyl-CoA hydratase-associated protein 1), binds to its substrate NRF2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2). The present study provides further insights into how Kelch-like adaptor proteins recognize their substrates and provides a structural basis for how mutations in WNK4 and KLHL3 lead to hypertension. PMID:24641320
Schumacher, Frances-Rose; Sorrell, Fiona J; Alessi, Dario R; Bullock, Alex N; Kurz, Thimo
WNK1 [with no lysine (K)] and WNK4 regulate blood pressure by controlling the activity of ion co-transporters in the kidney. Groundbreaking work has revealed that the ubiquitylation and hence levels of WNK isoforms are controlled by a Cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex (CRL3KLHL3) that utilizes CUL3 (Cullin3) and its substrate adaptor, KLHL3 (Kelch-like protein 3). Loss-of-function mutations in either CUL3 or KLHL3 cause the hereditary high blood pressure disease Gordon's syndrome by stabilizing WNK isoforms. KLHL3 binds to a highly conserved degron motif located within the C-terminal non-catalytic domain of WNK isoforms. This interaction is essential for ubiquitylation by CRL3KLHL3 and disease-causing mutations in WNK4 and KLHL3 exert their effects on blood pressure by disrupting this interaction. In the present study, we report on the crystal structure of the KLHL3 Kelch domain in complex with the WNK4 degron motif. This reveals an intricate web of interactions between conserved residues on the surface of the Kelch domain ?-propeller and the WNK4 degron motif. Importantly, many of the disease-causing mutations inhibit binding by disrupting critical interface contacts. We also present the structure of the WNK4 degron motif in complex with KLHL2 that has also been reported to bind WNK4. This confirms that KLHL2 interacts with WNK kinases in a similar manner to KLHL3, but strikingly different to how another KLHL protein, KEAP1 (Kelch-like enoyl-CoA hydratase-associated protein 1), binds to its substrate NRF2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2). The present study provides further insights into how Kelch-like adaptor proteins recognize their substrates and provides a structural basis for how mutations in WNK4 and KLHL3 lead to hypertension. PMID:24641320
Schumacher, Frances-Rose; Sorrell, Fiona J.; Alessi, Dario R.; Bullock, Alex N.; Kurz, Thimo
Effects of chitin and sepia ink hybrid hemostatic sponge on the blood parameters of mice.
Chitin and sepia ink hybrid hemostatic sponge (CTSH sponge), a new biomedical material, was extensively studied for its bene?cial biological properties of hemostasis and stimulation of healing. However, studies examining the safety of CTSH sponge in the blood system are lacking. This experiment aimed to examine whether CTSH sponge has negative effect on blood systems of mice, which were treated with a dosage of CTSH sponge (135 mg/kg) through a laparotomy. CTSH sponge was implanted into the abdominal subcutaneous and a laparotomy was used for blood sampling from abdominal aortic. Several kinds of blood parameters were detected at different time points, which were reflected by coagulation parameters including thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplatin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB) and platelet factor 4 (PF4); anticoagulation parameter including antithrombin III (AT-III); fibrinolytic parameters including plasminogen (PLG), fibrin degradation product (FDP) and D-dimer; hemorheology parameters including blood viscosity (BV) and plasma viscosity (PV). Results showed that CTSH sponge has no significant effect on the blood parameters of mice. The data suggested that CTSH sponge can be applied in the ?eld of biomedical materials and has potential possibility to be developed into clinical drugs of hemostatic agents. PMID:24727395
Zhang, Wei; Sun, Yu-Lin; Chen, Dao-Hai
Effects of Chitin and Sepia Ink Hybrid Hemostatic Sponge on the Blood Parameters of Mice
Chitin and sepia ink hybrid hemostatic sponge (CTSH sponge), a new biomedical material, was extensively studied for its bene?cial biological properties of hemostasis and stimulation of healing. However, studies examining the safety of CTSH sponge in the blood system are lacking. This experiment aimed to examine whether CTSH sponge has negative effect on blood systems of mice, which were treated with a dosage of CTSH sponge (135 mg/kg) through a laparotomy. CTSH sponge was implanted into the abdominal subcutaneous and a laparotomy was used for blood sampling from abdominal aortic. Several kinds of blood parameters were detected at different time points, which were reflected by coagulation parameters including thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplatin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB) and platelet factor 4 (PF4); anticoagulation parameter including antithrombin III (AT-III); fibrinolytic parameters including plasminogen (PLG), fibrin degradation product (FDP) and D-dimer; hemorheology parameters including blood viscosity (BV) and plasma viscosity (PV). Results showed that CTSH sponge has no significant effect on the blood parameters of mice. The data suggested that CTSH sponge can be applied in the ?eld of biomedical materials and has potential possibility to be developed into clinical drugs of hemostatic agents. PMID:24727395
Zhang, Wei; Sun, Yu-Lin; Chen, Dao-Hai
Lipophorin (Lp) is the main haemolymphatic lipoprotein in insects and transports lipids between different organs. In adult females, lipophorin delivers lipids to growing oocytes. In this study, the interaction of this lipoprotein with the ovaries of Rhodnius prolixus was characterised using an oocyte membrane preparation and purified radiolabelled Lp (125I-Lp). Lp-specific binding to the oocyte membrane reached equilibrium after 40-60 min and when 125I-Lp was incubated with increasing amounts of membrane protein, corresponding increases in Lp binding were observed. The specific binding of Lp to the membrane preparation was a saturable process, with a K(d) of 7.1 � 0.9 x 10-8M and a maximal binding capacity of 430 � 40 ng 125I-Lp/�g of membrane protein. The binding was calcium independent and pH sensitive, reaching its maximum at pH 5.2-5.7. Suramin inhibited the binding interaction between Lp and the oocyte membranes, which was completely abolished at 0.5 mM suramin. The oocyte membrane preparation from R. prolixus also showed binding to Lp from Manduca sexta. When Lp was fluorescently labelled and injected into vitellogenic females, the level of Lp-oocyte binding was much higher in females that were fed whole blood than in those fed blood plasma. PMID:24037104
Entringer, Petter Franco; Grillo, Luciano Aparecido Meireles; Pontes, Emerson Guedes; Machado, Ednildo Alc�ntara; Gondim, Katia Calp
Clinical presentation, biochemical parameters and localization of catecholamine-secreting tumors
Background\\u000a \\u000a The diagnosis of these catecholamine-secreting tumors requires clinical awareness of the various presentations and syndromes\\u000a in which these tumors are found. Any suspicion of a pheochromocytoma warrants aggressive diagnostic intervention. The aim\\u000a of the present paper is to describe clinical manifestations, biochemical work-up and localization of pheochromocytoma.\\u000a \\u000a \\u000a \\u000a Methods\\u000a \\u000a \\u000a Basic diagnostic method is urinary catecholamines and\\/or their metabolites. For confirmation,
Janice L. Pasieka; S. Gr�ndal; B. Hamberger
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of iron overload on the profile of interleukin-10 levels, biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in sickle cell anemia patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed of 30 patients with molecular diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. Patients were stratified into two groups, according to the presence of iron overload: Iron overload (n = 15) and Non-iron overload (n = 15). Biochemical analyses were performed utilizing the Wiener CM 200 automatic analyzer. The interleukin-10 level was measured by capture ELISA using the BD OptEIAT commercial kit. Oxidative stress parameters were determined by spectrophotometry. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism software (version 5.0) and statistical significance was established for p-values < 0.05 in all analyses. Results Biochemical analysis revealed significant elevations in the levels of uric acid, triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), urea and creatinine in the Iron overload Group compared to the Non-iron overload Group and significant decreases in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Ferritin levels correlated positively with uric acid concentrations (p-value < 0.05). The Iron overload Group showed lower interleukin-10 levels and catalase activity and higher nitrite and malondialdehyde levels compared with the Non-iron overload Group. Conclusion The results of this study are important to develop further consistent studies that evaluate the effect of iron overload on the inflammatory profile and oxidative stress of patients with sickle cell anemia. PMID:23580881
Barbosa, Maritza Cavalcante; dos Santos, Talyta Ellen Jesus; de Souza, Geane F�lix; de Assis, L�via Co�lho; Freitas, Max Victor Carioca; Gon�alves, Rom�lia Pinheiro
Twelve hour reproducibility of choroidal blood flow parameters in healthy subjects
Aims/background: To investigate the reproducibility and potential diurnal variation of choroidal blood flow parameters in healthy subjects over a period of 12 hours. Methods: The choroidal blood flow parameters of 16 healthy non-smoking subjects were measured at five time points during the day (8:00, 11:00, 14:00, 17:00, and 20:00). Outcome parameters were pulsatile ocular blood flow as assessed by pneumotonometry, fundus pulsation amplitude as assessed by laser interferometry, blood velocities in the opthalmic and posterior ciliary arteries as assessed by colour Doppler imaging, and choroidal blood flow, volume, and velocity as assessed by fundus camera based laser Doppler flowmetry. The coefficient of variation and the maximum change from baseline in an individual were calculated for each outcome parameter. Results: None of the techniques used found a diurnal variation in choroidal blood flow. Coefficients of variation were within 2.9% and 13.6% for all outcome parameters. The maximum change from baseline in an individual was much higher, ranging from 11.2% to 58.8%. Conclusions: These data indicate that in healthy subjects the selected techniques provide adequate reproducibility to be used in clinical studies. Variability may, however, be considerably higher in older subjects or subjects with ocular disease. The higher individual differences in flow parameter readings limit the use of the techniques in clinical practice. To overcome problems with measurement validity, a clinical trial should include as many choroidal blood flow outcome parameters as possible to check for consistency. PMID:15031172
Polska, E; Polak, K; Luksch, A; Fuchsjager-Mayrl, G; Petternel, V; Findl, O; Schmetterer, L
Scarce information is available on the changes in abundance of microbial taxa during vermicomposting. Quantitative PCR and DGGE analysis were used to monitor variations in the microbial structure, relative abundance of four bacterial classes and fungi over the vermicomposting and maturation period of wet olive cake (O) and vine shoots (W). Multivariate correlation analysis between microbial structure and abundance, earthworm biomass and enzyme activities revealed similar and divergent interactions in both processes. Although Eisenia fetida development was different, significant correlations were found with ?-glucosidase activity and with bacterial and fungal structure. In the vermicomposting period of O and W, a decline was found in bacteria (94% and 77%), fungi (93% and 94%), and Gammaproteobacteria (56% and 71%) but an increase in Betaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria (62-79%). Alphaproteobacteria increased only in O (26%). Despite the different initial lignocellulose wastes, the mature vermicomposts were similar in microbial and biochemical properties. PMID:23948272
Castillo, Jean Manuel; Romero, Esperanza; Nogales, Rogelio
Background The transition from enucleated reticulocytes to mature normocytes is marked by substantial remodeling of the erythrocytic cytoplasm and membrane. Despite conspicuous changes, most studies describe the maturing reticulocyte as a homogenous erythropoietic cell type. While reticulocyte staging based on fluorescent RNA stains such as thiazole orange have been useful in a clinical setting; these �sub-vital� stains may confound delicate studies on reticulocyte biology and may preclude their use in heamoparasite invasion studies. Design and Methods Here we use highly purified populations of reticulocytes isolated from cord blood, sorted by flow cytometry into four sequential subpopulations based on transferrin receptor (CD71) expression: CD71high, CD71medium, CD71low and CD71negative. Each of these subgroups was phenotyped in terms of their, morphology, membrane antigens, biomechanical properties and metabolomic profile. Results Superficially CD71high and CD71medium reticulocytes share a similar gross morphology (large and multilobular) when compared to the smaller, smooth and increasingly concave reticulocytes as seen in the in the CD71low and CD71negativesamples. However, between each of the four sample sets we observe significant decreases in shear modulus, cytoadhesive capacity, erythroid receptor expression (CD44, CD55, CD147, CD235R, and CD242) and metabolite concentrations. Interestingly increasing amounts of boric acid was found in the mature reticulocytes. Conclusions Reticulocyte maturation is a dynamic and continuous process, confounding efforts to rigidly classify them. Certainly this study does not offer an alternative classification strategy; instead we used a nondestructive sampling method to examine key phenotypic changes of in reticulocytes. Our study emphasizes a need to focus greater attention on reticulocyte biology. PMID:24116088
Malleret, Benoit; Xu, Fenggao; Mohandas, Narla; Suwanarusk, Rossarin; Chu, Cindy; Leite, Juliana A.; Low, Kayen; Turner, Claudia; Sriprawat, Kanlaya; Zhang, Rou; Bertrand, Olivier; Colin, Yves; Costa, Fabio T. M.; Ong, Choon Nam; Ng, Mah Lee; Lim, Chwee Teck; Nosten, Francois; Renia, Laurent; Russell, Bruce
Carbaryl, a carbamate pesticide, (LC50 15.08 mg/l for 96 hr, i.e. lethal concentration with 50% mortality) induced perturbations in the levels of certain biochemical components including the activities of some enzymes in the blood and liver of the fresh-water catfish, Clarias batrachus exposed to sublethal concentrations (1, 2 and 4 mg/l) of the pesticide for 96 hr and 15 days. The pesticide caused a decrease in the levels of total protein and glucose with a concomitant increase in the levels of inorganic phosphate and lactic acid in fish serum. However, very little change was recorded in the serum cholesterol level. The treatment of the fish with carbaryl led to a marked increase in the activities of transaminases (GOT and GPT), phosphatases (acid and alkaline) and lactate dehydrogenase in the fish serum, the magnitude of the effect being dependent on the pesticide concentration and duration of exposure. The increase in lactic acid concentration with subsequent decrease in glucose concentration indicates an enhanced rate of glycolysis due to pesticide stress. Furthermore, the significant decrease in the activity of fish liver succinate dehydrogenase suggests that anaerobic metabolism was favored over aerobic oxidation of glucose through Kreb's cycle in order to mitigate the energy crisis for survival. The rise in the activities of transaminases and acid phosphatase due to pesticide intoxication suggest enhanced protein catabolism and probable hepatocellular damage in the organism. PMID:10478330
Sharma, B
The aim of this work was to evaluate the hematological changes induced by Tityus serrulatus venom (TsV). Blood of Wistar rats was collected 0.5, 2, 6 and 24�h after i.p. injection of TsV (0.5�mg/kg) or saline (controls). Two additional groups were injected with 0.67�mg/kg and 0.25�mg/kg of TsV and the blood was collected after 0.5 and 2�h, respectively. The results showed an increase on hematocrit (Ht), red blood cells (RBC) count, hemoglobin concentration (Hb), albumin and total protein, mainly 2-6�h after envenoming. Increase in serum activities of amylase, creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase were also observed, indicating tecidual damages. Hyperglycemia was observed at all times analyzed, as a consequence of catecholamine release. No significant changes were detected in the urea, [Na(+)] and [Ca(2+)], but an increase of [Mg(2+)], [K(+)] and conductivity was observed. TsV induced a reduction of erythrocytes osmotic fragility as consequence of dehydration and increase in plasma electrolytes concentration, as evidenced by its higher conductivity. This study demonstrated that TsV is able to induce severe hematological changes, that appear within the first hours after envenoming, justifying the seeking of medical attention as soon as possible to avoid worsening of clinical symptoms. PMID:20837041
Cusinato, D A C; Souza, A M; Vasconcelos, F; Guimar�es, L F L; Leite, F P; Greg�rio, Z M O; Giglio, J R; Arantes, E C
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of L-carnitine on growth performance, organ weight, biochemical parameters of blood, heart and liver, and ascites susceptibility of broilers at different ages reared under a low-temperature environment. A total of 420 1-d-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments with fifteen replicates of fourteen broilers each. Treatment diets consisted of L-carnitine supplementation at levels of 0 and 100 mg/kg. At 11-d of age, low temperature stress was used to increase ascites susceptibility. Blood, heart and liver samples were collected at different ages for analysis of boichemical parameters. The results showed that, there was no significant difference in growth performance with L-carnitine supplementation, but the mortality due to ascites was significantly decreased. Dietary L-carnitine supplementation significantly reduced heart index (HI) and ascites heart index (AHI) on d 21, lung index (LUI) on d 35 and liver index (LI) on d 42. The broilers fed diets containing L-carnitine had significantly lower red blood cell counts (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB) concentration and hematocrit (HCT) on d 42. Dietary L-carnitine supplementation significantly reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) content of heart tissue on d 21 and 35, and significantly increased total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity of the heart on d 21 and 42. L-carnitine supplementation significantly reduced serum triglyceride (TG) content on d 28 and 35 and serum glucose (GLU) on d 35 and 42, and significantly increased serum total protein (TP) and globulin (GLO) content on d 42. L-carnitine supplementation significantly enhanced liver succinodehydrogenase (SDH), malic dehydrogenase (MDH) and Na+-K+-ATPase activity on d 28, and tended to reduce the lactic acid (LD) level of liver on d 35 (p = 0.06). L-carnitine supplementation significantly reduced serum uric acid (UA) content on d 28, 35 and 42. Based on the current results, it can be concluded that dietary L-carnitine supplementation reduced organ index, red blood cell counts and hematocrit, enhanced antioxidative capacity of the heart, enhanced liver enzymes activity involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle, and reduced serum glucose and triglyceride. Therefore, it is suggested that L-carnitine can potentially reduce susceptibility and mortality due to ascites. PMID:25049781
Wang, Y. W.; Ning, D.; Peng, Y. Z.; Guo, Y. M.
Effects of selected enzyme inhibitors on blood and eggshell parameters in the laying hen
EFFECTS OF SELECTED ENZYME INHIBITORS ON BLOOD AND EGGSHELL PARAMETERS IN THE LAYING HEN A Thesis by JODY RENEE LONG Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas ASM University in partial fullfilment of the requirement for the degree... of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 1987 Major Subject: Poultry Science EFFECTS OF SELECTED ENZYME INHIBITORS ON BLOOD AND EGGSHELL PARANETERS IN THE LAYING HEN A Thesis by JODY RENEE LONG Approved as to style and content by: T. . Odom (Chairman...
Long, Jody Renee
Training-level induced changes in blood parameters response to on-water rowing races
The study investigated blood markers allowing discriminating physiological responses to on-water rowing races, notably re- garding training volume of athletes and race duration. College (COL) and national (NAT) rowers performed a 1000- or 2000-m race. Capillary blood samples obtained before and post-race allowed an analysis of a wide range of serum parameters. COL rowers had a lower rowing experience and
Fran�ois Denis Desgorces; Marc Testa; Cyril Petibois
Impact of colour pigments on biochemical parameters of bivalve, Lamellidens marginalis.
The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of colour pigments used for painting the decorative articles like idols, on the freshwater bivalve, Lamellidens marginalis. The effects of subchronic exposure were studied by the changes in the biochemical constituents like total protein, glycogen and lactic acid, in different tissues like muscle, mantle, gills, foot, hepatopancreas and gonads for 10 and 20 days period. The glycogen contents in the muscle, mantle and gonads were significantly decreased with increase in concentration of colour pigments. It decreased from 26.77 mg gm(-1) in control to 19.17 mg gm(-1) at 900 ppm after 20 days of exposure; whereas protein contents in the tissues studied decreased significantly from 22.5 mg gm(-1) in control to 15.5 mg gm(-1) at 900 ppm after 10 days of exposure. The increase in lactic acid content in all the tissues except gills and gonads may be due to acute hypoxia. PMID:24620590
Phadnis, S D; Chandagade, C A; Jadhav, V V; Raut, P D
The subchronic effect of aqueous stem bark extract of Khaya senegalensis on some biochemical, haematological, and histopathological parameters of rats was investigated. The rats were divided into six groups of five rats per group. Groups I to VI were administered graded doses of 0, 400, 800, 1200, 1600, and 2000?mg/kg?bw, respectively. The result of study revealed that administration of the Khaya senegalensis for twenty-eight days at the experimental dose resulted in significant (P < 0.05) increase in urea, electrolytes (Na+, K+), and creatinine levels. The extract also significantly (P < 0.05) increased serum activity of ALT, AST, and ALP. The levels of protein, albumin, and bilirubin were significantly changed when compared to their control values, but they were not dose dependent. The hematological indices assayed in this study were not significantly affected at the experimental dose when compared to the control values. Histological studies of the liver showed cellular degeneration and necrosis and bile duct hyperplasia and fibrosis with lymphocytic infiltration of the hepatocyte, providing supportive evidence for discussing the biochemical findings, indicative of functional derangement. The histological architecture of the kidney and that of the heart were however preserved. The result of this study indicates that the aqueous stem bark extract of K. senegalensis may affect the cellular integrity of vital organs of the body. PMID:24348549
Onu, A.; Saidu, Y.; Ladan, M. J.; Bilbis, L. S.; Aliero, A. A.; Sahabi, S. M.
Background Blood transfusion is an established therapeutic practice. The characteristics of blood components at different storage times are expected to affect the efficacy of transfusion therapy. Metabolic profiling by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy requires little or no sample treatment and allows identification of more than 50 soluble metabolites in a single experiment. The aim of this study was to assess the metabolic behaviour of red blood cells during 42 days of storage in blood bank conditions. Materials and methods Red blood cells (RBC), collected from eight healthy male donors, aged 25�50 years, were prepared as prestorage leukoreduced erythrocyte concentrates and stored under standard blood bank conditions. Samples taken at various storage times were separated in two fractions: the supernatant, recovered after centrifugation, and the red blood cell lysate obtained after protein depletion by ultrafiltration. The metabolic profile of the red blood cells was determined from analysis of 1H-NMR spectra. Results The red blood cell supernatant was studied to track the consumption of the preservative additives and to detect and quantify up to 30 metabolites excreted by the erythrocytes. The NMR spectra of the RBC lysate provided complementary information on some biochemical pathways and set the basis for building a time-dependent red blood cell metabolic profile. Discussion We proved the analytical power of 1H-NMR spectroscopy to study red blood cell metabolism under blood bank conditions. A potential biomarker able to provide information on the level of cellular oxidative stress protection was identified. Our data support the hypothesis that a more detailed knowledge of metabolic modifications during storage opens the way to the development of new and more effective protocols for red blood cell conservation and patient-oriented transfusion therapy. PMID:24960643
Pertinhez, Thelma A.; Casali, Emanuela; Lindner, Luisa; Spisni, Alberto; Baricchi, Roberto; Berni, Pamela
Adverse effects on fishes captured by electrofishing techniques have long been recognized, although the extent of associated physical injury and behavioral alterations are highly variable and dependent on a number of factors. We examined the effects of three-pass pulsed DC (PDC) electrofishing on two salmonid species (Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis) and five other genera (Green Sunfish Lepomis cyanellus, Potomac Sculpin Cottus girardi, Fathead Minnow Pimephales promelas, Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides, and Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus) common to Appalachian streams. We examined the corresponding effects of PDC electroshock on the following physiological indicators of stress and trauma: blood glucose and serum lactate, as well as on other blood chemistry, namely, enzymes, electrolytes, minerals, and proteins. All species demonstrated physiological responses to PDC electroshock, indicated by the biochemical differences in blood parameters in unshocked and shocked groups of fish with or without gross evidence of hemorrhagic trauma. Serum lactate was the most consistent indicator of these effects. Significant differences in whole blood glucose levels were also noted in treatment groups in all species except Green Sunfish, although the patterns observed were not as consistent as for serum lactate. Elevations in the serum enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase, in the electroshocked fish occurred only in the two salmonid species. In many instances, although blood parameters were elevated in electroshocked fish compared with the unshocked controls for a given species, there were no differences in those levels in electroshocked fish based on the presence of gross hemorrhagic trauma to axial musculature. While some of the blood parameters examined correlated with both the occurrence of electroshock and the resultant tissue injury, there was no apparent link between the altered blood chemistry and increased mortality 30 d after electrofishing.
Densmore, Christine L.; Panek, Frank M.
The Farquhar-von Caemmerer-Berry (FvCB) model of photosynthesis is a change-point model and structurally overparameterized for interpreting the response of leaf net assimilation (A) to intercellular CO{sub 2} concentration (Ci). The use of conventional fitting methods may lead not only to incorrect parameters but also several previously unrecognized consequences. For example, the relationships between key parameters may be fixed computationally and certain fits may be produced in which the estimated parameters result in contradictory identification of the limitation states of the data. Here we describe a new approach that is better suited to the FvCB model characteristics. It consists of four main steps: (1) enumeration of all possible distributions of limitation states; (2) fitting the FvCB model to each limitation state distribution by minimizing a distribution-wise cost function that has desirable properties for parameter estimation; (3) identification and correction of inadmissible fits; and (4) selection of the best fit from all possible limitation state distributions. The new approach implemented theoretical parameter resolvability with numerical procedures that maximally use the information content of the data. It was tested with model simulations, sampled A/Ci curves, and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements of different tree species. The new approach is accessible through the automated website leafweb.ornl.gov.
Wullschleger, Stan D [ORNL; Gu, Lianhong [ORNL; Pallardy, Stephen G. [University of Missouri; Tu, Kevin [University of California, Berkeley; Law, Beverly E. [Oregon State University
Computational systems biology is concerned with the development of detailed mechanistic models of biological processes. Such models are often stochastic and analytically intractable, containing uncertain parameters that must be estimated from time course data. In this article, we consider the task of inferring the parameters of a stochastic kinetic model defined as a Markov (jump) process. Inference for the parameters of complex nonlinear multivariate stochastic process models is a challenging problem, but we find here that algorithms based on particle Markov chain Monte Carlo turn out to be a very effective computationally intensive approach to the problem. Approximations to the inferential model based on stochastic differential equations (SDEs) are considered, as well as improvements to the inference scheme that exploit the SDE structure. We apply the methodology to a Lotka�Volterra system and a prokaryotic auto-regulatory network. PMID:23226583
Golightly, Andrew; Wilkinson, Darren J.
The essence of studies was that the disease is simulated in 12-day albino mice subcutaneously infected with Hantaan virus, strain 76-118 in a dose of 10 LD50. As an efficiency index, the study of drugs uses major (death protection coefficient, mean animal lifetime) and auxiliary (virological: pathogen accumulation in the brain tissues of deceased animals) parameters, biochemical (the levels of creatinine, urea, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, malonic dialdehyde), hematological (count of leukocytes, leukogram) ones; as well as interferon status (the levels of circulatory interferon, leukocytic production of alpha- and gamma-interferons). The procedure for simulating the disease caused by Hantaan virus on an experimental animal is used to choose effective drugs against the pathogen of hemorrhagic nephrosonephritis. PMID:19069793
Koval'chuk, A V; Loginova, S Ia; Borisevich, S V; Kopylova, N K; Pashchenko, Iu I; Khamitov, R A; Maksimov, V A
A novel biodosimetry method based on the red blood cells analysis by means of laser flow cytometry and a specially designed monoclonal antibodies is used for reconstructing ionizing radiation doses for Chernobyl Accident victims. In addition to analysis of the patient`s blood samples, we are evaluating both spectroscopy procedures and laser-based flow techniques. It was shown that resonance energy transfer processes can take place among the two different dyes links to the spherical cell surface. This can affect the accuracy of rare mutant cell scoring. Also a new technique is described to provide conventional flow cytometric analysis and kinetic measurements of the elementary stages of biochemical reactions are described.
Pleshanov, P.G. [Institute of Biologially Active Substance, Moscow (Russia Federation); Langlois, R.G. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States); Azarov, L.A.; Budayev, D.A.; Ossipenkov, A.L.; Shamayev, D.M. [Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow (Russian Federation)
Increased use of pesticides worldwide has led to damage not only to natural ecosystems but also to nontarget species. This study assessed the effects of different concentrations of the herbicides atrazine, glyphosate, and quinclorac on biochemical parameters, lipid peroxidation, and survival in tadpoles of Lithobates catesbeianus (bullfrog). Two hundred eighty-eight tadpoles were acquired from a frog farm in the south of Brazil. All animals were kept in aquariums under controlled laboratory conditions for 7�days and exposed to commercial formulations of atrazine (5, 10, and 20�?g/L), glyphosate (36, 72, and 144�?g/L), and quinclorac (0.05, 0.10, and 0.20�?g/L) for 7�days thereafter. The concentrations used in this study are similar to the levels of these herbicides found in natural water bodies. After exposure, gill, liver, and muscle samples were removed from each animal for quantitation of glycogen, total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, total proteins, and lipid peroxidation. Atrazine, glyphosate, and quinclorac exposure induced a significant decrease in levels of glycogen and total lipids in gill, liver, and muscle. Triglycerides levels in the gill increased after exposure to glyphosate, and decreased after exposure to atrazine and quinclorac; their levels in liver and muscle decreased on exposure to all herbicides. Cholesterol and total protein levels decreased in liver and muscle for all three herbicides. All tissues exhibited increased lipid peroxidation after exposure to all herbicides. In conclusion, exposure to the herbicides tested in this study induced significant changes in biochemical parameters and increased lipid peroxidation levels in tadpoles of L. catesbeianus. PMID:24276472
Dornelles, Michele Flores; Oliveira, Guendalina Turcato
Effect of anthocyanins on selected biochemical parameters in rats exposed to cadmium.
Cadmium is a dangerous occupational and environmental toxin. It accumulates in the human organism mainly in liver and kidneys. Cadmium half-life is about 10 years, so the symptoms of cadmium intoxication may occur several years after the exposure. Until now in treating intoxication with this metal chelating compounds have been used, burdened with numerous undesirable symptoms. In our investigations anthocyanins from Aronia melanocarpa were used to reduce the harmful results caused by cadmium. Administering anthocyanins with cadmium chloride resulted in a statistically significant decrease of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, concentration of bilirubin and urea in blood serum and decreased cadmium cumulation in liver and kidneys in relation to animals receiving cadmium chloride only. PMID:12833179
Kowalczyk, Edward; Kopff, Anna; Fija?kowski, Pawe?; Kopff, Maria; Niedworok, Jan; B?aszczyk, Jan; Kedziora, J�zef; Ty?lerowicz, Piotr
The lack of kinetic data concerning the biological effects of reactive oxygen species is slowing down the development of the field of redox signaling. Herein, we deduced and applied equations to estimate kinetic parameters from typical redox signaling experiments. H2O2-sensing mediated by the oxidation of a protein target and the switch-off of this sensor, by being converted back to its reduced form, are the two processes for which kinetic parameters are determined. The experimental data required to apply the equations deduced is the fraction of the H2O2 sensor protein in the reduced or in the oxidized state measured in intact cells or living tissues after exposure to either endogenous or added H2O2. Either non-linear fittings that do not need transformation of the experimental data or linearized plots in which deviations from the equations are easily observed can be used. The equations were shown to be valid by fitting to them virtual time courses simulated with a kinetic model. The good agreement between the kinetic parameters estimated in these fittings and those used to simulate the virtual time courses supported the accuracy of the kinetic equations deduced. Finally, equations were successfully tested with real data taken from published experiments that describe redox signaling mediated by the oxidation of two protein tyrosine phosphatases, PTP1B and SHP-2, which are two of the few H2O2-sensing proteins with known kinetic parameters. Whereas for PTP1B estimated kinetic parameters fitted in general the present knowledge, for SHP-2 results obtained suggest that reactivity toward H2O2 as well as the rate of SHP-2 regeneration back to its reduced form are higher than previously thought. In conclusion, valuable quantitative kinetic data can be estimated from typical redox signaling experiments, thus improving our understanding about the complex processes that underlie the interplay between oxidative stress and redox signaling responses.
Brito, Paula M.; Antunes, Fernando
Blood parameters of one-year-old and seven-year old partridges (Alectoris chukar).
Several blood parameters were determined for 12 1-year-old and 12 7-year-old partridges to establish base line values on blood chemistry of this species. After taking blood samples, the 7-year-old birds were killed and necropsied for gross examination. With aging, there was a significant increase in plasma glucose, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), potassium, cholesterol, uric acid, and albumin. Males generally had a significantly lower lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) than females. The 7-year-old males had a significantly higher plasma cholesterol and GOT than 1-year-old males. There were no differences in plasma potassium, sodium, and calcium between partridges and data previously reported for chickens. Blood glucose levels in young and old partridge appear to be twice that for chickens, whereas cholesterol and lactic dehydrogenase levels were much lower in chickens. PMID:6669515
Woodard, A E; Vohra, P; Mayeda, B
Workers of two chemical plants exposed to chlorobenzene were examined for actual nutrition and effects of the treatment and prophylactic diet on the food status. Investigation of the actual nutrition has demonstrated that the energy value of the daily diets approaches the magnitudes established for the given occupational and age group whereas the daily distribution of food with respect to the caloric value and alimentary substances does not correspond to the hygienic standards. The treatment and prophylactic diets developed for the workers were also characterized by disproportion between the dietary components. As compared to the control group, the workers exposed to chlorobenzene demonstrated a lower content of total glutathione in blood plasma. The majority of the workers manifested ascorbic acid deficiency. In accordance with the study of the coefficients of the activation of erythrocytic enzymes, it may be concluded that the workers placed on the treatment and prophylactic diet are better provided with vitamins B1, B2 and B6 than the workers of the housing and communal services. Thirty percent of the workers showed vitamin B6 deficiency. This may have an adverse action on the resistance to industrial substances conjugating with glutathione. The rate of vitamin B1 deficiency was also fairly high, whereas in the workers of one of the plants the magnitude of the TDP-effect appeared higher than normal. PMID:2800453
Feoktistova, A I; Kiselev, V M; Martinchik, A N; Bondarev, G I; Peskova, E V
The effect of pulsed IR-light on the rheological parameters of blood in vitro.
In this study we attempted to assess the effect of light of 855 nm wavelength (IR-light) on the rheological parameters of blood in vitro. As an anticoagulant, heparin was used. The source of IR-light was an applicator connected to the special generator--Viofor JPS�. The blood samples were irradiated for 30 min. During the irradiation the energy density was growing at twelve-second intervals starting from 1.06 J/cm2 to 8.46 J/cm2, then the energy density dropped to the initial value; the process was repeated cyclically. The study of blood viscosity was carried out with a Contraves LS40 oscillatory-rotational rheometer, with a decreasing shearing rate from 100 to 0.01 s?� over 5 min (flow curve) and applying constant frequency oscillations f=0.5 Hz with decreasing shear amplitude ??0 (viscoelasticity measurements). The analysis of the results of rotational measurements was based on the assessment of hematocrit, plasma viscosity, whole blood viscosity at four selected shear rates and on the basis of the numerical values of parameters from Quemada's rheological model: k0 (indicating red cell aggregability), k? (indicating red cell rigidity) and ??c (the value of the shear rate for which the rouleaux formation begins). In oscillatory experiments we estimated viscous and elastic components of the complex blood viscosity in the same groups of patients. We observed a decrease of the viscous component of complex viscosity (?') at ??0=0.2 s?�, while other rheological parameters, k0, k?, and relative blood viscosity at selected shear rates showed only a weak tendency towards smaller values after irradiation. The IR-light effect on the rheological properties of blood in vitro turned out to be rather neutral in the studied group of patients. PMID:24898338
Nawrocka-Bogusz, Honorata; Marcinkowska-Gapi?ska, Anna
Dr. Nadziejko and her colleagues at the New York University School of Medicine plan to evaluate the effects of exposing healthy rats to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) and changes in blood coagulation parameters. The investigators expect to measure platelet number, bl...
The aim of the study was to determine changes of serum cortisol and biochemical, haematological and antioxidant enzyme variables in the blood of horses sampled during the pre-slaughter period (in the lairage and in the stunning box) and during exsanguination. A total of 24 Slovenian warm-blooded horses were observed. Blood samples for determination of serum cortisol and biochemical, haematological (red blood cell count, haematocrit, haemaglobin concentration) and antioxidant enzyme (whole blood superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) variables were collected by venipuncture of the left jugular vein in the lairage pen, 60 min before stunning (lairage) and immediately before stunning (stunning box). At exsanguination, blood samples were collected from the wound at the time of jugular vein sticking. During blood collection in the lairage pen and in the stunning box, horses were gently restrained with a halter. They were stunned using a penetrating captive bolt pistol impelled by air and were bled by jugular vein sticking. Horses were physically active in the lairage pen and in the race before entering the stunning box. After stunning, the horses showed paddling movements with their legs. In horses, the plasma lactate and glucose concentrations, the serum potassium concentration, the activities of the serum muscle enzymes aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase, and values of most of the other biochemical (Table 1) and haematological variables (Table 2), were significantly (P < 0.05) higher at exsanguination, than in blood sampled while they were in the lairage and in the stunning box. The serum concentrations of cortisol and chloride and the activities of alanine aminotransferase and antioxidant enzymes were not significantly different between the pre-slaughter period and exsanguination. All selected blood variables were not significantly different between the lairge and the stunning box sampling time, indicating no physiological stress responses of the investigated horses to stressors, such as novelty of the pre-slaughter environment and handling, present in the slaughterhouse between the lairage and the stunning box. However, the significantly higher values, at exsanguination, for the plasma lactate and glucose concentrations, serum muscle enzyme activities and haematological variables, than during the pre-slaughter period, might partially be attributed to stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, caused by stunning and bleeding. PMID:23217233
Nemec Svete, A; ?ebulj-Kadunc, N; Frange�, R; Kruljc, P
... solid part of your blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells deliver oxygen from your lungs to your tissues and organs. White blood cells fight infection and are part of your body's ...
... mysterious, life-sustaining fluid called blood. What Is Blood and What Does It Do? Two types of ... mixture of blood cells and plasma. Continue Red Blood Cells Red blood cells (RBCs, and also called ...
In 1997, we compared the haematological and plasma biochemical profiles among populations of pigeon guillemots, Cepphus columba, in areas oiled and not oiled by the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill (EVOS) that occurred in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska. Pigeon guillemot populations in PWS were injured by EVOS and have not returned to pre-spill levels. If oil contamination is limiting recovery of pigeon guillemots in PWS, then we expected that blood parameters of pigeon guillemots would differ between oiled and unoiled areas and that these differences would be consistent with either toxic responses or lower fitness. We collected blood samples from chicks at approximately 20 and 30 days after hatching. Physiological changes associated with chick growth were noted in several blood parameters. We found that only calcium and mean cell volume were significantly different between the chicks in oiled and unoiled areas. Despite these differences, blood biomarkers provided little evidence of continuing oil injury to pigeon guillemot chicks, eight years after the EVOS. Preliminary data from adults indicated elevated aspartate aminotransferase activity in the adults from the oiled area, which is consistent with hepatocellular injury. Because adults have greater opportunities for exposure to residual oil than nestlings, we recommend studies that fully evaluate the health of adults residing in oiled areas. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Seiser, P.E.; Duffy, L.K.; McGuire, David A.; Roby, D.D.; Golet, G.H.; Litzow, M.A.
Cephalotaxus sinensis (C. sinensis) large size, evergreen tree common in China and utilized for numerous effective pharmacological applications in Chinese traditional medicine. The hepato-renal effects of C. sinensis were evaluated in vivo using Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats as an tentative model. Animals were orally treated with 80% EtOH extract (aq.EE), H2O extract (WtE) and ethylacetate (EaF)/butanol fractions (BtF) of C. sinensis (200�mg/kg, b.w.) for 28 days whereas control received vehicle merely. The degree of fortification was measured by using biochemical parameters like serum transaminases (ALT and AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine, urea and urine sugar. Meanwhile, the histopathological studies were conducted out to support the above parameters. Administration of C. sinensis aq.EE/BtF (p<0.05) and EaF (p<0.01) patently prevented STZ-induced elevation levels of serum ALT, AST, ALP, creatinine, urea, urine sugar and increase body weight respectively, which were comparable with the standard drug tolbutamide, while WtE did not show any significant effect (p>0.05). Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of saponins, terpenes, sterols and flavonoids in C. sinensis which could be responsible for the possible hepato-renal protective action. The results sustain the fact that the extract/fractions of C. sinensis have an immense potential to be developed further into a phytomedicine. PMID:18231626
Saeed, Muhammad K.; Deng, Yulin; Dai, Rongji
[Evaluation of fructosamine as a parameter of blood glucose control in diabetic pregnant women].
Objective To evaluate the alternative parameters to monitor glycemia in pregnant women with diabetes studying the relationship between fructosamine testing and self monitoring of blood glucose in pregnant women with diabetes. Materials and methods Serum fructosamine levels and the self monitoring of blood glucose over 14 days before the collection of fructosamine were evaluated in 47 diabetic pregnant women. Results Seventy-one fructosamine levels and 2,238 glucose measurements (CGs) were analysed. Levels of fructosamine correlated with high blood glucose index (HBGI) and the standard deviation of glycemias (r = 0.28; p = 0.021 and r = 0.26; p = 0.03, respectively). The comparison between the mothers of the newborns with appropriated or large birthweight and those who gave birth to small newborns for their gestational age (SGA) showed that the latter had a lower glycemic mean (105 vs. 114 and 119 mg/dL), a higher low blood glucose index (5.8 vs. 1.3 and 0.7) and a higher percentage of hyperglycemias (11 vs. 0 and 0%) even when the fructosamine falls within the reference values (242 vs. 218 and 213 ?mol/l). Conclusion The levels of fructosamine can be used as further parameter to aid self monitoring of blood glucose to evaluate hyperglycemias and glycemic variability, however, this can underestimate hypoglycemias in pregnant women carrying small-for-gestational age fetuses. PMID:25372581
Feitosa, Alina Coutinho Rodrigues; Andrade, Fl�vio Silva
Aim: To provide reference data of biochemical markers of bone turnover and vitamin D metabolites for children and young adults. Methods: Blood samples were taken from 176 healthy Dutch children and young adults (age range 7.6�25.3 years) to assess serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphate, osteocalcin, collagen type I cross-linked N-telopeptide, N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen , 25-hydroxyvitamin D3,
Inge M. van der Sluis; Wim C. Hop; Huib A. P. Pols; Sabine M. P. F. de Muinck Keizer-Schrama
Exposition to tannery wastewater did not alter behavioral and biochemical parameters in Wistar rats.
There are scarce data on the neurotoxicity in mammalian induced by tannery wastewaters. Previously, the anxiogenic effect of tannery wastewater was demonstrated in mice, while wastewater submitted to photoelectrooxidation (PEO) process treatment did not affect the anxiety state. Considering that species may response differently to xenobiotics, the aim of the present work was to study the effects of exposure to tannery wastewaters (non-PEO or PEO-treated) on behavioral and neurochemical markers in another species of laboratory animals, specifically Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats were given free access to water bottles containing non-PEO or PEO-treated tannery wastewaters (0.1, 1 and 5% in drinking water). During the exposure, behavioral tests of anxiety (elevated plus-maze, neophobia, open field and light-dark box), depression (forced swimming) and memory (inhibitory avoidance, novel object and discriminative avoidance) were performed. On the 30th day, brain structures were dissected out to evaluate cellular oxidative state (hippocampus, cerebellum and striatum) and acetylcholinesterase activity (hippocampus and striatum). Exposure to tannery effluent with or without photoelectrochemical treatment did not alter any behavioral and neurochemical parameters evaluated. Our data indicate that Wistar rats may not be an adequate species for ecotoxicological studies involving tannery effluents and that POE treatment did not generate other toxic compounds. PMID:24548682
Moys�s, Felipe dos Santos; Bertoldi, Karine; Spindler, Christiano; Sanches, Eduardo Farias; Elsner, Viviane Rostirola; Rodrigues, Marco Antonio Siqueira; Siqueira, Ionara Rodrigues
This study aimed at investigating changes in selected peripheral blood parameters in male polar foxes fed diets with different supplementation of inulin: 0.25% (group El), 0.5% (E2) and 1% (E3). The blood for analysis was sampled from the brachial vein. The study showed that adding 0.25 and 0.5% of inulin to fox feed resulted in a lower content of haemoglobin (Hb) as well as mean mass of Hb in red blood cells in the 0.5% inulin group. The total count of thrombocytes decreased significantly with a higher level of prebiotic, while the total number of white blood cells and the percentage of different leukocytes tested remained invariable. The lowest supplementation of inulin affected the partial pressure of carbon dioxide, however, the remaining acid-base parameters did not change. The present study provides the first preliminary information about the effect of dietary inulin on some haematological indices and acid-base parameters in adult polar foxes. The results may be helpful in practice to improve the health condition of farmed polar foxes. PMID:23767302
Szymeczko, Roman; G?owi?ska, Beata; Burlikowska, Katarzyna; Piotrowska, Anna; Bogus?awska-Tryk, Monika; Koz?owska, Izabela; Brudnicki, Adam; Pietruszy?ska, Dominika
Blood parameters in growing pigs fed increasing levels of bacterial protein meal
The experiment investigated the effects of increasing dietary levels of bacterial protein meal (BPM) on various blood parameters reflecting protein and fat metabolism, liver function, and purine base metabolism in growing pigs. Sixteen barrows were allocated to four different experimental diets. The control diet was based on soybean meal. In the other three diets soybean meal was replaced with increasing levels of BPM, approximately 17%, 35%, and 50% of the nitrogen being derived from BPM. Blood samples from the jugular vein were taken when the body weights of the pigs were approximately 10 kg, 21 kg, 45 kg, and 77 kg. The blood parameters reflecting fat metabolism and liver function were not affected by diet. Both the plasma albumin and uric acid concentrations tended to decrease (P = 0.07 and 0.01, respectively) with increasing dietary BPM content, whereas the plasma glucose concentration tended to increase (P = 0.07) with increasing dietary BPM content. It was concluded that up to 50% of the nitrogen could be derived from BPM without affecting metabolic function, as reflected in the measured blood parameters. PMID:17996082
Hellwing, Anne Louise F; Tauson, Anne-Helene; Skrede, Anders
The effects of a new soluble dietary fiber on weight gain and selected blood parameters in rats.
This study was designed to investigate a new dietary fiber, alpha-cyclodextrin, marketed under the trade name FBCx (Wacker Biochem, Adrian, MI), for beneficial effects on weight reduction and the improvement of certain blood parameters in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups and fed ad libitum for a period of 6 weeks: (1) a normal low-fat diet (LF; 4% fat wt/wt); (2) an LF diet with FBCx added; (3) a high-fat diet (HF, 40% fat wt/wt); and (4) an HF diet with FBCx. The FBCx was added at the rate of 10% (wt/wt) of the fat in the diet. Body weight and food intake were recorded 3 times per week. Plasma constituent levels and liver and fecal lipid contents, as well as body composition were determined at sacrifice. Adding FBCx to the diet significantly reduced weight gain in rats fed with an HF diet relative to rats fed with the HF control diet (P < .05). FBCx also elicited a reduction in plasma triglyceride levels of 30%, total cholesterol of 9%, and increased the fat content of the feces in the rats fed with the HF diet with FBCx. In addition, the serum leptin levels were normalized, and the calculated insulin sensitivity was improved. No adverse effects were observed in the rats consuming FBCx. It would appear that FBCx might be effective in reducing body weight gain and improving metabolic syndrome. PMID:16423626
Artiss, Joseph D; Brogan, Kathryn; Brucal, Michelle; Moghaddam, Marjan; Jen, K-L Catherine
Stress is the loss of homeostasis by external forces or stressors. Manipulation, transport, contamination, and other procedures involved in production could be considered stressors. Contamination is a problem commonly faced by producers in the poultry industry. Aflatoxicosis is one of the most common infections resulting from feed contaminated with Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. This study evaluated the potential effects of the combined administration of aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) and corticosterone on biochemical (concentration of globulins, proteins, and albumin) and immunological (inflammatory response and heterophil:lymphocyte ratio) parameters of Japanese quail. Potential sex effects on those parameters were also considered. The provision of corticosterone in drinking water is a method used for mimicking the effects of chronic stress in avian species. At 35 d of age, 24 mixed-sex groups of 4 animals (2 males and 2 females) were housed in cages and assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: plain drinking water and laying diet, corticosterone administration in drinking water, feed contamination with AFB(1) (100 ?g/kg of feed), or corticosterone plus AFB(1) administration. There were 6 cages per treatment. No significant effect of sex in any of the parameters analyzed was detected. Hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hypoglobulinemia were observed in animals treated with corticosterone or contaminated feed. These responses were exacerbated when the factors were combined. The immunodepressive effect of corticosterone administration was confirmed, and a higher effect was noticed when combined with the aflatoxin contamination. Aflatoxin contamination affected birds' physiology similar to a chronic stressor stimulation because it elevates the heterophil:lymphocyte ratio. This study suggests that the effects of the AFB(1) contamination are further increased when overlapped with a chronic stressful stimulation and emphasizes the importance of controlling potential stressor combinations during animal rearing to preserve not only the animal's health status but also their welfare. PMID:22184427
Nazar, F N; Magnoli, A P; Dalcero, A M; Marin, R H
Moringa oleifera is a multipurpose tree, cultivated in the tropics and sub-tropics for its nutritional and therapeutic properties. The raw matured seeds which have been reported to be used as food and clarifying agent of turbid water caused growth retardation in albino rats and this might have been due to its antinutritional contents. Owing to these adverse factors, the effect of soaking the seeds for 30 min and then compounding it as feeds was done. Its effect on growth rate and the level of some biochemical parameters on rats were investigated. The Wistar albino rats were fed for 21 days and their weights measured at 2 days interval. Aspartate and Alanine transaminases, Alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin levels were assayed using Automated Vitros 350 Chemistry Analyzer. The growth rates of rats fed with the commercial rat pellets, Casilan diet and the processed Moringa seed diet had a range of 80.06 +/- 3.54 to 100.98 +/- 5.37, 66.70 +/- 7.54 to 55.23 +/- 7.47 and 52.99 +/- 4.15 to 35.47 +/- 2.26, respectively. The parameters assayed for the group that received the processed Moringa seed diet are 144.00 +/- 16.80 (AST), 41.00 +/- 7.05 (ALT), 66.50 +/- 8.80 (ALP) and 12.45 +/- 1.18 (Total Bilirubin). The one-way ANOVA statistical analysis indicated that there was no significant change in the parameters of all the groups at 95% significance level (p < 0.05). Hence, the soaked Moringa oleifera seed did not support growth in the animal subjects and also did not pose a threat to the liver. However, it is better to develop more suitable processing methods to improve the seed's nutritional capabilities. PMID:24199486
Igwilo, I O; Ogoke, T J; Ogbu, D O; Igwilo, S N; Obi, E; Abdulsalami, M S
Competitive Muslim athletes often have to train and compete during the holy month of Ramadan when they abstain from food and drink from sunrise to sunset. In this study, we investigated the effect of Ramadan fasting on some biochemical and haematological parameters in 78 Tunisian junior male soccer players aged 16�19 years who continued their usual schedule of daily training
Ronald J. Maughan; John B. Leiper; Zakia Bartagi; Rym Zrifi; Yacine Zerguini; Jiri Dvorak
EFFECTS OF ACUTE EXPOSURE TO CONCENTRATED AMBIENT PARTICULATES ON CARDIOPULMONARY, THERMOREGULATORY, AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN HEALTHY AND MONOCROTALINE-TREATED SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS. LB Wichers1, JP Nolan2, DW Winsett2, UP Kodavanti2, MCJ Schladweiler2, DL Costa2, and WP ...
In order to study the influences of thermal stress on serum biochemical parameters of Iranian fat-tailed sheep and their correlation with triiodothyronine (T 3), thyroxine (T 4) and cortisol concentrations, an experiment was conducted using 45 clinically healthy Iranian fat-tailed sheep. These animals were divided into three experimental groups: group I, 15 sheep at 4 �C, group II 15 sheep
S. Nazifi; M. Saeb; E. Rowghani; K. Kaveh
Trepanowski, JF, Farney, TM, McCarthy, CG, Schilling, BK, Craig, SA, and Bloomer, RJ. The effects of chronic betaine supplementation on exercise performance, skeletal muscle oxygen saturation, and associated biochemical parameters in resistance trained men. J Strength Cond Res 25(12): 3461-3471, 2011-We examined the effects of chronic betaine supplementation on exercise performance and associated parameters in resistance trained men. Men were randomly assigned in a double-blind manner using a crossover design to consume betaine (2.5 g of betaine mixed in 500 ml of Gatorade�) or a placebo (500 ml of Gatorade�) for 14 days, with a 21-day washout period. Before and after each treatment period, tests of lower- and upper-body muscular power and isometric force were conducted, including a test of upper-body muscular endurance (10 sets of bench press exercise to failure). Muscle tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) during the bench press protocol was measured via near infrared spectroscopy. Blood samples were collected before and after the exercise test protocol for analysis of lactate, nitrate/nitrite (NOx), and malondialdehyde (MDA). When analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance, no significant differences were noted between conditions for exercise performance variables (p > 0.05). However, an increase in total repetitions (p = 0.01) and total volume load (p = 0.02) in the 10-set bench press protocol was noted with betaine supplementation (paired t-tests), with values increasing approximately 6.5% from preintervention to postintervention. Although not of statistical significance (p = 0.14), postexercise blood lactate increased to a lesser extent with betaine supplementation (210%) compared with placebo administration (270%). NOx was lower postintervention as compared with preintervention (p = 0.06), and MDA was relatively unchanged. The decrease in StO2 during the bench press protocol was greater with betaine vs. placebo (p = 0.01), possibly suggesting enhanced muscle oxygen consumption. These findings indicate that betaine supplementation results in a moderate increase in total repetitions and volume load in the bench press exercise, without favorably impacting other performance measures. PMID:22080324
Trepanowski, John F; Farney, Tyler M; McCarthy, Cameron G; Schilling, Brian K; Craig, Stuart A; Bloomer, Richard J
Nostoc flagelliforme is an edible blue-green alga with herbal and dietary values. Due to the diminishing supply of natural N. flagelliforme and the large investment on the development of its cultivation technology, it is anticipated that artificially cultured N. flagelliforme will soon sustain the market supply. Once this change occurs, the storage-associated quality problem will become the focus of attention for future trade. In this paper, we used a chlorophyll fluorescence parameter, maximum quantum efficiency of Photosystem II (Fv/Fm), and several biomarkers to evaluate the quality of several N. flagelliforme samples. It was found that longer storage times resulted in darker coloured solutions (released pigments) and decreased amounts of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and water-soluble sugars (WSS). Additionally, a higher Fv/Fm value suggests better physiological recovery and quality. In actual application, determination of Fv/Fm would be the first step for evaluating the quality of N. flagelliforme, and the biochemical indexes would serve as good secondary markers. PMID:24054244
Gao, Xiang; Yang, Yiwen; Ai, Yufeng; Luo, Hongyi; Qiu, Baosheng
The aim of this study was to characterize changes in physiological and biochemical parameters during electroejaculation (EE) under general anaesthesia in adult and yearling pampas deer males (Ozotoceros bezoarticus). The relation between heart rate, pulse rate, respiratory rate and oximetry with EE voltages was studied. The changes in cortisol, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase and rectal temperature were determined before and after electroejaculation (BEE and AEE). Heart rate and pulse rate values increased during EE, with a greater increase in heart rate in adults (p < 0.01). Respiratory rate and SpO(2) were not affected by EE or category. The rectal temperature decreased in adults and yearlings during EE (p = 0.0001). Alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase concentrations increased AEE (p < 0.001, p < 0.01 and p?0.05, respectively). Alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase concentrations were greater in young than in adult males (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the EE under general anaesthesia in the pampas deer provoked increases in heart and pulse rates, as well as in creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase concentrations, and a decrease in rectal temperature in both categories. Oximetry values were especially low during the procedure. Heart rate increase was greater in adult males, and alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase concentrations were greater in yearlings. PMID:21762217
Fumagalli, F; Villagr�n, M; Dami�n, J P; Ungerfeld, R
The aims of this study were to clarify the effects of dietary boric acid or borax, as a boron (B) source, on hormonal status (leptin, insulin, triiodothyronine (T(3)), and thyroxine) and some biochemical parameter levels as glucose, carnitine, nonesterified fatty acids, and betahydroxybutyric acid in rats. A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into three equal groups: the animals in the first group (control) were fed with a standard rodent diet containing 6.4 mg B/kg, and the animals in the experimental group were fed with a standard rodent diet added with boric acid and borax (100 mg B/kg) throughout the experimental period of 28 days. The B compounds especially borax decreased leptin, insulin, and glucose levels, whereas increased T(3) and carnitine levels in plasma. In addition, body weight of rats was found to be low in the boric acid group at the end of 4 weeks. Consequently, our results demonstrate that B supplementation (100 mg/kg) in diet decreases body weight, leptin, and insulin, whereas increases T(3) levels in plasma, so enhances the metabolic activity of rats. Between the B compounds used in this study, it was found that borax had a greater effect on hormonal status than boric acid. PMID:23293135
Kucukkurt, Ismail; Akbel, Erten; Karabag, Funda; Ince, Sinan
Lumped-parameter tissue temperature-blood perfusion model of a cold-stressed fingertip.
A lumped-parameter model of a fingertip is presented. The semispherical model includes the effects of heat storage, heat exchange with the environment, and heat transport by blood perfusion. The thermal insulation on the surface of the fingertip is represented by the overall heat transfer coefficient that is calculated by common engineering formulas. The model is solved analytically for the simple case of constant blood perfusion rate. The general case of variable blood perfusion rates is solved by an Euler finite difference technique. At this stage, the model does not include active control mechanisms of blood perfusion. Thus the effects of cold-induced vasodilatation have to be superimposed and are modeled by symmetrical triangular waveforms because these were found to best depict the behavior of fingers exposed to cold environments. Results of this model were compared with experimental data obtained in two separate studies. One included 60-min infrared thermograms of the dorsal surface of bare hands of sedentary subjects horizontally suspended on a fish net in a 0 degree C environment. Another study, on gloved finger temperatures, involved 0 and -6.7 degrees C environments. Fingertip (nail bed) temperatures of both these studies were compared with model predictions. Blood perfusion rates were assumed and adjusted within physiologically reasonable limits. Comparison of measured and computed temperature records showed very good conformity in both cases studied. PMID:8727573
Shitzer, A; Stroschein, L A; Gonzalez, R R; Pandolf, K B
Calcium Supplementation and 4Week Exercise on Blood Parameters of Athletes at Rest and Exhaustion
In the present study, experiments were designed to investigate if supplementation with calcium during 4�weeks had an effect\\u000a on blood parameters in sedentary male athletes at rest and exhaustion. Thirty healthy subjects of ages ranging from 18 to\\u000a 22�years were included in the study. The subjects were separated into three groups, as follows: Group 1 consisted sedentary\\u000a athletes receiving 35�mg\\/kg\\/day
Vedat Cinar; Rasim Mogulkoc; Abdulkerim Kasim Baltaci
Reliability of blood pressure parameters for dry weight estimation in hemodialysis patients.
Chronic volume overload resulting from interdialytic weight gain and inadequate fluid removal plays a significant role in poorly controlled high blood pressure. Although bioimpedance has been introduced as an accurate method for assessing hydration status, the instrument is not available in general hemodialysis (HEMO) centers. This study was conducted to explore the correlation between hydration status measured by bioimpedance and blood pressure parameters in chronic HEMO patients. Multifrequency bioimpedance analysis was used to determine pre- and post-dialysis hydration status in 32 stable HEMO patients. Extracellular water/total body water (ECW/TBW) determined by sum of segments from bioimpedance analysis was used as an index of hydration status. The mean age was 57.9 � 16.4 years. The mean dry weight and body mass index were 57.7 � 14.5 kg and 22.3 � 4.7 kg/m(2), respectively. Pre-dialysis ECW/TBW was significantly correlated with only pulse pressure (r = 0.5, P = 0.003) whereas post-dialysis ECW/TBW had significant correlations with pulse pressure, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.6, P = 0.001, r = 0.4, P = 0.04, r = -0.4, and P = 0.02, respectively). After dialysis, the mean values of ECW/TBW, systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure were significantly decreased. ECW/TBW was used to classify the patients into normohydration (? 0.4) and overhydration (>0.4) groups. Systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, and pulse pressure significantly reduced after dialysis in the normohydration group but did not significantly change in the overhydration group. Pre-dialysis pulse pressure, post-dialysis pulse pressure, and post-dialysis systolic blood pressure in the overhydration group were significantly higher than normohydration group. Due to the simplicity and cost, blood pressure parameters, especially pulse pressure, might be a simple reference for clinicians to determine hydration status in HEMO patients. PMID:23379487
Susantitaphong, Paweena; Laowaloet, Suthanit; Tiranathanagul, Khajohn; Chulakadabba, Adhisabandh; Katavetin, Pisut; Praditpornsilpa, Kearkiat; Tungsanga, Kriang; Eiam-Ong, Somchai
The studies covered 211 women employed at a Technical Articles Plant in exposure to chemical solvents, such as: methyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, acetone, carbon tetrachloride, xylene, toluene, n-amyl acetate. The workplaces were ventilated and the concentrations of vapours did not exceed Threshold Limit Values (TLVs). Arithmetic means did not reveal any exposure to chemicals at particular plant divisions, which was also confirmed by the indices of admissible concentrations of chemicals or their metabolites in biological fluids (ABC--admissible biological concentrations). Morphological tests of blood and enzymatic determinations in their mean values did not indicate any toxic effects. On the other hand, individual analysis of every working woman demonstrated deviations from the values of the parameters determined. The changes referred mostly to the duration of coagulation, bleeding and methanol absorption, which points to the need for prevention and protection of the working women against occupational hazards. PMID:2796729
Lembas-Bogaczyk, J; Jacyszyn, K; Adamek, D; Student, J
Two separate studies were performed on hypertensive rats to assess the effects of wild, uncultivated garlic on elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and other cardiovascular parameters. Also, effects of wild garlic and cultivated garlic preparations were compared and the mechanisms behind pressure-lowering abilities of different garlic preparations were examined. The initial study determined that wild garlic lowers blood pressure. In the second study, cardiovascular effects of three different concentrations of wild garlic and two different cultivated garlics, i.e., a preparation low in allicin and one high in allicin, were compared. All three garlic preparations decreased SBP significantly. Wild garlic produced the greatest pressure-lowering effects, and the least pressure-lowering effects were seen with low-allicin garlic. Compared with control rats, circulating angiotensin II levels were significantly lower in all garlic-eating rats. Losartan decreased blood pressure significantly less and Nw-nitro-L arginine-methyl ester hydrochloride (LNAME) increased blood pressure significantly more in garlic-eating rats than in control rats, suggesting that the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was less active and the nitric oxide system more active in garlic-consuming hypertensive rats. Accordingly, different garlic preparations, especially wild garlic, favorably influenced high SBP in hypertensive rats. These results suggest that both the RAS and the nitric oxide system are involved in the antihypertensive effects of garlic in hypertensive rats. PMID:11728237
Mohamadi, A; Jarrell, S T; Shi, S J; Andrawis, N S; Myers, A; Clouatre, D; Preuss, H G
Shelf-stable milk could benefit from sensory quality improvement. Current methods of heating cause flavor and nutrient degradation through exposure to overheated thermal exchange surfaces. Rapid heating with microwaves followed by sudden cooling could reduce or eliminate this problem. The objectives for this study were focused on designing and implementing continuous microwave thermal processing of skim fluid milks (white and chocolate) to compare sensory, microbiological, and biochemical parameters with conventionally prepared, indirect UHT milks. All test products were aseptically packaged and stored at ambient temperature for 12 mo. Every 3 mo, samples were taken for microbiological testing, reactive sulfhydryl determinations, active enzyme analysis, instrumental viscosity readings, color measurements, and descriptive sensory evaluation. Microbiological plate counts were negative on all milks at each time point. Enzymatic assays showed that plasmin was inactivated by both heat treatments. 5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) analysis, a measure of reactive sulfhydryl (-SH-) groups, showed that the initial thiol content was not significantly different between the microwave-processed and UHT-treated milks. However, both heating methods resulted in an increased thiol level compared with conventionally pasteurized milk samples due to the higher temperatures attained. Sulfhydryl oxidase, a milk enzyme that catalyzes disulfide bond formation using a variety of protein substrates, retained activity following microwave processing, and decreased during storage. Viscosity values were essentially equivalent in microwave- and UHT-heated white skim milks. Sensory analyses established that UHT-treated milks were visibly darker, and exhibited higher caramelized and stale/fatty flavors with increased astringency compared with the microwave samples. Sweet aromatic flavor and sweet taste decreased during storage in both UHT and microwave milk products, whereas stale/fatty flavors increased over time. Sensory effects were more apparent in white milks than in chocolate varieties. These studies suggest that microwave technology may provide a useful alternative processing method for delivery of aseptic milk products that retain a long shelf life. PMID:16291608
Clare, D A; Bang, W S; Cartwright, G; Drake, M A; Coronel, P; Simunovic, J
Training-Level Induced Changes in Blood Parameters Response to On-Water Rowing Races
The study investigated blood markers allowing discriminating physiological responses to on-water rowing races, notably regarding training volume of athletes and race duration. College (COL) and national (NAT) rowers performed a 1000- or 2000-m race. Capillary blood samples obtained before and post-race allowed an analysis of a wide range of serum parameters. COL rowers had a lower rowing experience and training volume than NAT. Races induced a higher lactate concentration increase in NAT compared to COL (10.45 � 0.45 vs 13.05 � 0.60; p � 0.001). Race distance (2000 vs. 1000 m) induced a higher increase in fatty acids (0.81 � 0.31 vs +0.67 � 0. 41; p � 0.05) and triglycerides concentration in NAT (0.33 � 0.07 vs 0.15 � 0.09; p � 0.01), but remained comparable between NAT and COL for the 1000-m races. Amino acids concentrations increased in NAT (0.19 � 0.03, p � 0.01), but urea concentration increased only for NAT rowers having performed the 2000-m race (0.72 � 0.22, p � 0.05). Transferrin concentration decreased after the 2000-m race (-0.60 � 0.25, p � 0.05), and concentration changes of haptoglobin differed between NAT2000 (tendency to be reduced) and COL (tendency to by enhanced) (p � 0.05). Our results confirmed that the training level in rowing is associated with higher glycolysis utilization during maximal 1000- and 2000-m exercise and no difference for similarly trained subjects at these two distances. Our study also demonstrated that a 2000-m race could initiate fatty and amino-acid metabolisms in highly trained subjects. Therefore, these changes in blood parameter responses to a characteristic rowing exercise highlighted the importance of monitoring the physiological effects of training in sporting conditions and according to individual characteristics. Key pointsRowing races despite their short duration could initiate fatty and amino-acids metabolisms.Effects of maximal exercise on metabolic blood parameters depend on individual capabilities, suggesting that the effects of exercise or training on a given blood parameter may be monitored relatively to individual maximal concentrations rather than by inter-individual comparison.High training level may lead to marked disruption of homeostasis which could be easily reversed by high recovery capabilities. PMID:24149946
Desgorces, Francois Denis; Testa, Marc; Petibois, Cyril
The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of isolation process-gradual hypotonic hemolysis on chosen parameters of the erythrocyte membranes (ghosts) originating from bovine and porcine slaughterhouse blood. The estimation of the gradual hypotonic hemolysis as a drug loading procedure for the erythrocyte ghosts was performed as well. Based on the results derived from analysis of the osmotic properties of the erythrocytes, the gradual hemolysis was performed with high volume of erythrocytes and 35mM hypotonic sodium-phosphate/NaCl, enabling >90% of hemolysis for both types of erythrocytes. Detailed insight into ghosts' morphology by field emission-scanning electron microscopy revealed a distortion from erythrocyte shape and an altered surface texture with increased bilayer curvature for both samples. Compared to erythrocytes, an average diameter of ghosts from both type of erythrocytes decreased for only about 10%. The reported unidispersity of the isolated ghosts is of great importance for their potential application as vehicles of active compounds. Gradual hemolysis did not lead to substantial loss of cholesterol and membrane/cytoskeleton proteins. This result indicated the ghosts' possibility to mimic the chemical and structural anisotropic environment of in vivo cell membranes, which is of significance for drug diffusion and partition coefficients. Induced shift of phosphatidylserine to external surface of the ghosts demonstrated their potential application as vehicles for targeted drug delivery to cells of reticuloendothelial system. Ultra high-performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of a drug model - dexamethasone-sodium phosphate, and its interaction with structural components in both types of erythrocyte ghosts. PMID:25051307
Kosti?, Ivana T; Ili?, Vesna Lj; Dor?evi?, Verica B; Bukara, Katarina M; Mojsilovi?, Slavko B; Nedovi?, Viktor A; Bugarski, Diana S; Veljovi?, Dor?e N; Mi�i?, Danijela M; Bugarski, Branko M
Purpose: To analyze the role of dosimetric quality parameters in maximizing cancer eradication in higher risk prostate cancer patients treated with palladium (Pd)-103 and supplemental beam radiation. Methods: One-hundred-seventy-nine patients treated with Pd-103 and supplemental beam radiation, with minimum 2 years follow-up prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values and posttreatment computed tomography scans were analyzed. Dosimetric parameters included the V100 (percent of the postimplant volume covered by the prescription dose), the D90 (the minimum dose that covered 90% of the post implant volume), and the treatment margins (the radial distance between the prostatic edge and the prescription isodose). Treatment margins (TMs) were calculated using premarket software. Results: Freedom from biochemical failure was 79% at 3 years, with 92 of the 179 patients (51%) followed beyond 3 years. In comparing patients who did or did not achieve biochemical control, the most striking differences were in biologic factors of pretreatment PSA and Gleason score. The V100, D90, and average TM all showed nonsignificant trends to higher values in patients with biochemical control. In multivariate analysis of each of the three dosimetric parameters against PSA and Gleason score, TM showed the strongest correlation with biochemical control (p = 0.19). Conclusions: For patients with intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer treated with Pd-103 brachytherapy and external beam radiation, biologic factors (PSA and Gleason score) were the most important determinants of cancer eradication. However, there is a trend to better outcomes among patients with higher quality implant parameters, suggesting that attention to implant quality will maximize the likelihood of cure.
Orio, Peter [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States); Radiation Oncology, Puget Sound Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Seattle, WA (United States); Wallner, Kent [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States) and Radiation Oncology, Puget Sound Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Seattle, WA (United States) and Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA (United States)]. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Merrick, Gregory [Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling, WV (United States); Herstein, Andrew [Radiation Oncology, Puget Sound Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Seattle, WA (United States); Mitsuyama, Paul [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States); Radiation Oncology, Puget Sound Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Seattle, WA (United States); Thornton, Ken [Varian Medical Systems, Charlottesville, VA (United States); Butler, Wayne [Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling, WV (United States); Sutlief, Steven [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States); Radiation Oncology, Puget Sound Health Care System, Department of Veterans Affairs, Seattle, WA (United States)
Background��Pregnancy is accompanied by several hemodynamic, biochemical and hematological changes which revert to normal values after\\u000a labor. The mean values of these parameters have been reported for developed countries, but not for Mexican women. Furthermore,\\u000a labor constitutes a stress situation, in which these factors may be altered. It is known that serologic increase of heat shock\\u000a protein (Hsp) 70 is
Fernando Rodr�guez-Dennen; Joel Mart�nez-Oca�a; Sim�n Kawa-Karasik; Luis Villanueva-Egan; Norberto Reyes-Paredes; Ana Flisser; Ang�lica Olivo-D�az
Citrullus colocynthis seeds are traditionally used as antidiabetic medication in Mediterranean countries. An experiment was designed to evaluate\\u000a the comparative effects of oral administration of C. colocynthis and insulin injection on the serum biochemical parameters of diabetic dogs. Twelve apparently healthy mixed breed dogs were\\u000a selected and randomly allocated into three groups, two diabetic groups and one control group (n?=?4).
Ameneh Khoshvaghti; Ahmad Reza Hamidi
Several studies have shown the antidiabetic properties of sodium tungstate. In this study, we evaluated some biochemical parameters\\u000a of the parotid salivary gland of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats treated with sodium tungstate solution (2�mg\\/ml). The\\u000a studied groups were: untreated control (UC), treated control (TC), untreated diabetic (UD), and treated diabetic (TD). After\\u000a 2 and 6�weeks of treatment, parotid gland was removed
Mariana Ferreira Leite; Jos� Nicolau
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) on hemocyte parameters such as hemocyte concentration, phagocytosis, and non-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas, as well on proximate biochemical and fatty acid compositions. One-year-old oysters (C. gigas) were fed T-Isochrysis aff. galbana (T-Iso), which is low in 20:5n-3, either
Maryse Delaporte; Fu-Lin Chu; Chris Langdon; Jeanne Moal; Christophe Lambert; Jean-Fran�ois Samain; Philippe Soudant
Thirty-two adult female white-tailed deer were assigned to four complete pelleted diets (±45ppm vitamin E; ±0.2ppm selenium). Selenium and vitamin E concentration in the unsupplemented diet was 0.04 and 5.5 ppm, respectively. Biochemical parameters of the erythrocyte ( RBC ) glutathione peroxidase system and survival of off-spring to wean ing were followed for 2 years. At the end of the
Cancer treatment with cyclophosphamide (CP) may result in reproductive toxicity as one of its side effects. The pumpkin seed is a rich natural source of antioxidant. We have assessed the possible protective efficacy of pumpkin seed extract on sperm characteristics, biochemical parameters and epididymal histology of CP-treated rats. Male adult Wistar rats were categorised into four groups. Group 1 served as control and received intraperitoneal (IP) injection of isotonic saline solution. Group 2 rats were treated with CP by IP injection in a single dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, only once. Group 3 and 4 received CP plus 300 and 600 mg/kg pumpkin seed extract respectively. Six weeks after treatment, sperm characteristics, biochemical parameters and histopathological changes were examined. Results showed that, sperm characteristics in CP-treated rats were significantly decreased. Biochemical analysis results showed that the co-administration of 300 mg pumpkin seed extract could increase the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level significantly. In CP-treated rats, histopathological changes such as vacuolisation, disorganisation and separation of epididymal epithelium were observed as well. Interestingly, pumpkin seed extract could improve the above-mentioned parameters remarkably in CP-treated rats. Our findings indicated that pumpkin seed extract might be used as protective agent against CP-induced reproductive toxicity. PMID:24124763
Aghaei, S; Nikzad, H; Taghizadeh, M; Tameh, A A; Taherian, A; Moravveji, A
ESTABLISHING BLOOD GROUP MARKER GENES AND COMPARING GROSS CARCASS PARAMETERS IN NORMAL AND DySTROPHIC NEW HAMPSHIRE CHICKENS A Thesis by WILLIAM JOSEPH HOPKINS Submitted to the Graduate College of Texas A&M University in Partial fulfillment... of the requirement for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 1980 Major Subject: Poultry Science ESTABLISHING BLOOD GROUP MARKER GENES AND COMPARING GROSS CARCASS PARAMETERS IN NORMAL AND DYSTROPHIC NEW HAMPSHIRE CHICKENS A Thesis by WILLIAM JOSEPH HOPKINS...
Hopkins, William Joseph
A technique is presented for finding the least squares estimates for the ultimate biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and rate coefficient for the BOD reaction without resorting to complicated computer algorithms or subjective graphical methods. This may be used in stream water quali...
Axial flow blood pumps are generally smaller as compared to centrifugal pumps. This is very beneficial because they can provide better anatomical fit in the chest cavity, as well as lower the risk of infection. This article discusses the design, levitated responses, and parameter estimation of the dynamic characteristics of a compact hybrid magnetic bearing (HMB) system for axial flow blood pump applications. The rotor/impeller of the pump is driven by a three-phase permanent magnet brushless and sensorless motor. It is levitated by two HMBs at both ends in five degree of freedom with proportional-integral-derivative controllers, among which four radial directions are actively controlled and one axial direction is passively controlled. The frequency domain parameter estimation technique with statistical analysis is adopted to validate the stiffness and damping coefficients of the HMB system. A specially designed test rig facilitated the estimation of the bearing's coefficients in air-in both the radial and axial directions. Experimental estimation showed that the dynamic characteristics of the HMB system are dominated by the frequency-dependent stiffness coefficients. By injecting a multifrequency excitation force signal onto the rotor through the HMBs, it is noticed in the experimental results the maximum displacement linear operating range is 20% of the static eccentricity with respect to the rotor and stator gap clearance. The actuator gain was also successfully calibrated and may potentially extend the parameter estimation technique developed in the study of identification and monitoring of the pump's dynamic properties under normal operating conditions with fluid. PMID:19566728
Lim, Tau Meng; Cheng, Shanbao; Chua, Leok Poh
Design and parameter estimation of hybrid magnetic bearings for blood pump applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
This paper discusses the design and parameter estimation of the dynamics characteristics of a high-speed hybrid magnetic bearings (HMBs) system for axial flow blood pump applications. The rotor/impeller of the pump is driven by a three-phase permanent magnet (PM) brushless and sensorless DC motor. It is levitated by two HMBs at both ends in five-degree-of-freedom with proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers; among which four radial directions are actively controlled and one axial direction is passively controlled. Test results show that the rotor can be stably supported to speeds of 14,000 rpm. The frequency domain parameter estimation technique with statistical analysis is adopted to validate the stiffness and damping coefficients of the HMBs system. A specially designed test rig facilitated the estimation of the bearing's coefficients in air�in both the radial and axial directions. The radial stiffness of the HMBs is compared to the Ansoft's Maxwell 2D/3D finite element magnetostatic results. Experimental estimation showed that the dynamics characteristics of the HMBs system are dominated by the frequency-dependent stiffness coefficients. The actuator gain was also successfully calibrated and may potentially extend the parameter estimation technique developed in the study of identification and monitoring of the pump's dynamics properties under normal operating conditions with fluid.
Lim, Tau Meng; Zhang, Dongsheng; Yang, Juanjuan; Cheng, Shanbao; Low, Sze Hsien; Chua, Leok Poh; Wu, Xiaowei
Effects of a single bout of walking exercise on blood coagulation parameters in obese women.
Obesity is associated with increased prevalence of thromboembolic events. We aimed to investigate whether obese women might benefit from vigorous aerobic exercise. Forty-two overweight and obese women performed a 30-min walking exercise test (treadmill ergometer) at an intensity of 70% of individual peak oxygen uptake. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after exercise. Thrombelastometry and platelet function measurements were performed on whole blood. Standard coagulation times, thrombin generation curves, markers of thrombin generation, fibrinolytic parameters, plasma levels of pro- and anticoagulatory factors, and microparticle procoagulant activity were determined in platelet-poor plasma samples. Thrombelastometry revealed a significant prolongation of clot formation time (P = 0.037) and a significant deceleration of fibrin build up (alpha angle, P = 0.034) after exercise. Calibrated automated thrombography revealed a significant exercise-induced decrease in endogenous thrombin potential (P = 0.039). Moreover, thrombin formation stopped earlier postexercise, reflected in shortened StartTail (P = 0.046). Significantly elevated tissue-plasminogen activator levels (P = 0.001) indicate an exercise-induced activation of the fibrinolytic system. White blood cell count increased significantly from pre- to postexercise (P = 0.045), indicating a mild exercise-induced leukocytosis. The results of this study demonstrate that vigorous aerobic exercise might be a suitable tool to protect obese women from thrombotic events. We show that a single bout of vigorous aerobic exercise is clearly associated with an activation of the fibrinolytic system and a decreased readiness of the postexercise samples to form a clot and to generate thrombin, the pivotal enzyme of hemostasis. PMID:23620490
Lamprecht, Manfred; Moussalli, Herve; Ledinski, Gerhard; Leschnik, Bettina; Schlagenhauf, Axel; Koestenberger, Martin; Polt, Guenter; Cvirn, Gerhard
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acute dosing with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and identify potential ultrastructural alterations in the liver and kidney and their effect on blood parameters in the albino rat. Methods Twenty rats were used to assess the acute effects of AgNPs. Rats in the treatment group were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 mL of distilled water containing AgNPs at a dose of 2,000 mg/kg body weight followed by a second injection after 48 hours. Control rats received two 0.5 mL doses of distilled water only. After 3 days, blood samples were collected, and the rat kidneys and livers were extracted and processed for electron microscopy to investigate for hematologic and histopathologic alterations. Results Renal tubules showed swollen epithelium with cytoplasmic vacuolization, thickening of the basement membrane, and destruction of some mitochondrial cristae. Podocytes showed elongation and swelling of their primary and secondary processes. The basement membrane of the capillary tufts became thicker. The hepatic tissue showed narrowing of the sinusoids, swollen hepatocytes with hypertrophied nucleoli, and accumulation of fat globules in the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm. The hepatic sinusoids showed hypertrophied endothelial and Kupffer. Destructed cristae of some mitochondria, endosomes, and larger lysosomes filled with Ag-NPs were also observed in the Kupffer cells. Significant increases were observed in white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, granulocytes, and hemoglobin. There was a significant increase in serum creatinine, urea, and aspartate and alanine aminotransferases. Conclusion To the best of the authors� knowledge, the ultrastructural changes in renal and liver tissue observed in this study have not been described before. Our results suggest that injection of AgNPs could have severe cytotoxic effects on the structure and function of these organs. PMID:24711700
Sarhan, Osama Mohamed M; Hussein, Rehab M
The Unocal-Metrolink oil spill of 21 February 1995 resulted in approximately 7800 barrels of San Joaquin crude oil being deposited into the San Gabriel River in Huntington Beach, CA, USA. In order to determine long-term pathological effects of oil exposure and rehabilitation, hematological and serum biochemical parameters for both rehabilitated (RHB) American coots (Fulica americana) and reference (REF) coots were examined every 3-4 weeks (56, 81, 108 and 140 days post oil exposure) after birds were cleaned, rehabilitated and soft-released. Most significant differences in monthly comparisons between RHB and REF birds occurred 56 days following oil exposure. Total white blood cell (WBC) count, albumin:globulin (A:G) ratio and calcium concentration were higher in RHB birds compared to REF birds 56 days post oil exposure. In addition, mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatine kinase activities, and creatinine, total protein (TP) and globulin concentrations were lower in RHB birds. Blood results from 56 days post oil exposure for RHB coots which subsequently died were compared to blood results from days 108 and 140 for REF coots which survived. Oiled and rehabilitated birds which died had significantly higher WBCs, packed cell volume, TP and globulin concentrations, and lower A:G ratio, MCH, MCHC, glucose and sodium concentrations compared to REF birds which survived. Blood result differences detected at 3-4-week intervals between RHB and REF survivors, and differences detected between RHB coots which died and REF coots which survived, suggested that RHB coots developed an inflammatory response (infectious or non-septic) and, concurrently, may have experienced decreased immune responsiveness. Additionally, RHB coots experienced either an iron (Fe) utilization or Fe metabolism problem. These pathophysiological mechanisms were consistent with increased hemosiderin (stored Fe) present in the liver, spleen and kidney of necropsied RHB birds, and may have contributed to RHB coot mortality. When blood parameter differences were examined for their impact on survival time, it was determined that RHB coots had shorter survival times if they had very high cholesterol (> or =449 mg/dl) or chloride (> or =110 MEQ/l) concentrations on day 56 post oil exposure. Interestingly, the lack of differences between RHB and REF coots from day 81 through day 140 suggested that, from a hematologic and clinical chemistry perspective, coots which were oiled, rehabilitated, released and survived at least 3.5 months could not be differentiated from wild (REF) coots. From these findings it appears that blood analysis, coupled with post-release survival data, may help discern reasons for increased mortality of oiled and rehabilitated birds, compared to non-oiled reference birds. PMID:15092975
Newman, S H; Anderson, D W; Ziccardi, M H; Trupkiewicz, J G; Tseng, F S; Christopher, M M; Zinkl, J G
Background: Patients undergoing cemented hip hemiarthroplasty may develop bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) which is a leading cause of intraoperative complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate cardiovascular changes during cemented hip hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients. Methods: Cemented hip hemiarthroplasty was performed on 72 patients with femoral neck fracture. All patients were catheterized with a radial artery catheter to assess mean arterial pressure (MAP) and arterial blood gas (ABG) in these time points: just before cementation, just after cementation (0th), 5 min (5th) and 10 min (10th) after cementation, and at the end of surgery (END). Also, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP & DBP), heart rate and any arrhythmia or cardiac arrest was evaluated. Results: Seventy-two patients (33 females, 39 males; mean age: 66.8�7 years) were evaluated. All parameters changed during cementation with a significant drop in MAP, SBP, and DBP immediately after cementation and pH and base excess decreased significantly (P<0.001) with no changes in O2 saturation. Mean heart rate rose until the 5th and then decreased dramatically with no bradycardia presentation. During cementation, 12 patients showed arrhythmia, but no cardiac-arrest was observed. Conclusions: Under strict observation of a anesthesiology care team, hemiarthroplasty can be a safe method for femoral neck fracture in elderly osteoporotic patients without severe cardiopulmonary compromise. PMID:25386576
Soleimanha, Mehran; Sedighinejad, Abbas; Haghighi, Mohammad; Nabi, Bahram Naderi; Mirbolook, Ahmad Reza; Mardani-Kivi, Mohsen
[Interpopulation differeces biochemical adaptation at population of Gorny Altai].
The factual nutrition of aborigines Russian, altay and kazah nationalities of Gorny Altai were studied. As a result, interpopulating differences of population's nutrition witch quantitative consumption macronutrients have been influence and dependence on the nationality has been determined. Biochemical parameters of blood with quantitative composition of ration's macronutrients are correlated. PMID:25272709
Chanchaeva, E A; A?zman, R I
An 8-wk experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing fish meal (FM) with soy protein isolate (SPI) on the growth, digestive enzyme activity and serum biochemical parameters of juvenile Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii). SPI was used to replace 0, 25, 50, 62.5, 75, 87.5, 100% of dietary FM and 100% replacement supplemented crystalline amino acid. Healthy sturgeon with an average initial weight of 26.38�0.24 g were randomly assigned to 24 aquaria (8 treatments with triplicates each) at an initial stocking density of 11 fish per aquarium and cultured for 8 wks. The results showed that 75.00% or more substitution resulted in a poor weight gain rate, feed conversion ratio and survival rate compared to that of fish fed the control diet (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed between diets of 25.00% to 62.50% substitution. Protease, lipase and amylase activity in foregut, mid-gut and hindgut were significantly (p<0.05) decreased by diets where SPI replacement levels were 62.50% or more. Levels of serum total protein (TP) and globulin decreased significantly from 21.03, 10.34 to 14.05, 5.63 g/L with the increasing dietary SPI (p<0.05), but alkaline phosphatase activity significantly increased (p<0.05). In addition, supplemental crystalline amino acid in the FM absence diet did not improve growth performance, intestine digestive enzyme activities and serum biochemical parameters. In conclusion, the results from this study showed adverse effects of inclusion of SPI in diets on growth performance, feed utilization and serum biochemical parameters in juvenile Amur sturgeon. Based on WGR and replacement ratio presented in this report, a 57.64% replacement level was recommended. PMID:25049521
Xu, Q. Y.; Wang, C. A.; Zhao, Z. G.; Luo, L.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Rats were fed an irradiated high-moisture diet (KSC-25) with or without access to a water bottle. Physiologic values were compared between these two groups and a group of rats fed a purified diet. Hematologic and serum biochemical values, urine specific gravity, and intestinal enzyme activities were determined from samples collected from the three groups of rats. Sprague Dawley rats (n=32) fed the irradiated high-moisture diet with or without a water bottle were the test animals. Rats (n=16) fed an irradiated purified diet and water provided via a water bottle were the control group. The purified diet formulation, modified AIN-76A, is a commonly used purified diet for laboratory rodents. All rats remained alert and healthy throughout the study. A comparison of the physiologic values of rats in this study with reported normal values indicated that all of the rats in the study were in good health. Significant differences (P less than 0.05) of the physiologic values from each rat group are reported.
Battles, August H.; Knapka, Joseph T.; Stevens, Bruce R.; Lewis, Laura; Lang, Marie T.; Gruendel, Douglas J.
Effects of commercial probiotic (Bactocell�) on growth performance and blood parameters were evaluated. A total of 800 one day-old Ross broiler chicks were raised over 42�days. Chicks were wing-banded, weighed individually and randomly allocated into four equally major groups each having two replicates. Chicks of group 1 (control group) were fed the starter and finisher diets that did not supplemented with probiotic. The chicks of groups 2, 3, and 4 were fed the control starter and finisher diets supplemented with 1.6�g, 1�g and 0.8�g of probiotic per kg feed, respectively. Weekly body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion were measured. Blood parameters at 1, 4 and 6�weeks of age including packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), total protein, albumin, total lipid and cholesterol were determined. All birds were kept under similar environmental, managerial and hygienic conditions. The results of the current study revealed that there was no significant change for Hb and PCV concentrations among different groups at all studied times. Also, total protein, lipids and albumin concentrations were not affected by probiotic supplementation. Chicken fed a diet containing various levels of probiotic showed a significant decrease (p�?�0.05) in cholesterol concentration compared to control group. Probiotic supplementation significantly increased the body weight and daily weight gain of broiler chicks at late ages (3�6�weeks). Also, the birds fed on probiotic levels 1 and 0.8�g/kg diet exhibited higher body weight among chicken groups at 6�weeks of age. Improved feed conversion was noticed in birds fed a diet supplemented with probiotic. There was no significant difference in mortality rate among groups. We concluded that use of selected commercial probiotic resulted in improved performance parameters and reduced serum cholesterol in broiler chickens. Moreover, supplementation of the probiotic to broilers in the levels of 1 and 0.8�g/kg diet was found to be better than control and 1.6�g/kg level indicating that increasing dietary probiotic level does not has the best performance. PMID:23961081
Alkhalf, A.; Alhaj, M.; Al-homidan, I.
Raptors are exposed to biomagnifying and toxic organohalogenated compounds (OHCs) such as organochlorines, brominated flame retardants and perfluorinated compounds. To investigate how OHC exposure may affect biochemical pathways we collected blood plasma from Norwegian northern goshawk (n=56), golden eagle (n=12) and white-tailed eagle (n=36) nestlings during three consecutive breeding seasons. We found that blood plasma concentrations of calcium, sodium, creatinine, cholesterol, albumin, total protein, urea, inorganic phosphate, protein:creatinine, urea:creatinine and uric acid:creatinine ratios and liver enzymes ALKP and ALAT were positively correlated to PCBs, chlordanes, p,p'-DDE, HCB, PFCs and/or PBDEs. Total bilirubin and glucose were negatively correlated to PCBs while magnesium and potassium were negatively correlated to HCB and p,p'-DDE. In addition, protein:creatinine and ALAT were also negatively correlated to PCBs and PFCs, respectively. The most significant relationships were found for the highly contaminated northern goshawks and white-tailed eagles. The statistical relationships between OHCs and BCCPs indicate that biochemical pathways could be influenced while it is uncertain if such changes have any health effects. The OHC concentrations were below concentrations causing reproductive toxicity in adults of other raptor species but similar to those of concern for endocrine disruption of thyroid hormones in e.g., bald eagles. PMID:22445502
Sonne, Christian; Bustnes, Jan O; Herzke, Dorte; Jaspers, Veerle L B; Covaci, Adrian; Eulaers, Igor; Halley, Duncan J; Moum, Truls; Ballesteros, Manuel; Eens, Marcel; Ims, Rolf A; Hanssen, Sveinn A; Erikstad, Kjell E; Johnsen, Trond V; Rig�t, Frank F; Jensen, Asger L; Kjelgaard-Hansen, Mads
Figure Legend Biochemical parameters in BHcB mice. Blood was collected after a 4h fast
.001 female 0.15 (0.04) 0.27 (0.03) * calculated by 2-way ANOVA #12;Table S3: Serum Insulin and Glucagon Insulin (±SEM) p-value Glucagon (±SEM) p-value (pmol/L) (ng/L) C3H 117 (24) 47.1 (3.6) HcB-19 148 (29) 0.6) bTKO 63 (8) 0.672 59.6 (2.1) 0.749 Serum insulin and glucagon concentrations were measured after a 4
Attie, Alan D.
The restoration or conservation of predators could reduce seroprevalences of certain diseases in prey if predation selectively removes animals exhibiting clinical signs. We assessed disease seroprevalences and blood parameters of 115 adult female elk (Cervus elaphus) wintering on the northern range of Yellowstone National Park [YNP] during 2000-2005 and compared them to data collected prior to wolf (Canis lupus) restoration (WR) in 1995 and to two other herds in Montana to assess this prediction. Blood parameters were generally within two standard deviations of the means observed in other Montana herds (Gravelly-Snowcrest [GS] and Garnet Mountain [GM]), but Yellowstone elk had higher seroprevalences of parainfluenza-3 virus (95% CI YNP = 61.1-78.6, GS = 30.3-46.5) and bovine-virus-diarrhea virus type 1 (95% CI YNP = 15.9-31.9, GM = 0). In comparisons between pre-wolf restoration [pre-WR] (i.e., prior to 1995) seroprevalences with those post-wolf restoration [post-WR] in Yellowstone, we found lower seroprevalences for some disease-causing agents post-wolf restoration (e.g., bovine-virus-diarrhea virus type-1 [95% CI pre-WR = 73.1-86.3, post-WR = 15.9-31.9] and bovine-respiratory syncytial virus [95% CI pre-WR = 70.0-83.8, post-WR = 0]), but similar (e.g., Brucella abortus [95% CI pre-WR = 0-4.45, post-WR = 0-4.74] and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus [95% CI pre-WR = 0, post-WR = 0]) or higher for others (e.g., Anaplasma marginale [95% CI pre-WR = 0, post-WR = 18.5-38.7] and Leptospira spp. [95% CI pre-WR = 0.5-6.5, post-WR = 9.5-23.5]). Though we did not detect an overall strong predation effect through reduced disease seroprevalence using retrospective comparisons with sparse data, our reference values will facilitate future assessments of this issue.
Barber-Meyer, S. M.; White, P. J.; Mech, L. D.
Blood Chemistry of Free-Ranging and Captive White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Texas
Blood samples were collected from 602 white-tailed deer (WTD) (Odocoileus virginianus) between October 2008 � October 2009, from 15 different counties throughout Texas. White-tailed deer were evaluated for serum biochemical parameters (total...
Smith, Melanie Love
In cancer, the extent to which the disease has spread is probably the most important factor in determining patient prognosis. Hence practical and non-invasive methods are needed to identify disease stage. In a previous paper we showed how diagnostic and prognostic indices for disease progression could be defined by evaluating parameters in peripheral blood. The aim of this study was to identify further serum parameters that could be used. Serum levels of interferon (IFN) gamma, interleukin (IL)4, IL8, IL7, IL1 beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), soluble (s) IL2 receptor (R) and sIL6R were studied but only levels of IL4, sIL2R, IL8 and IL7 were found to be significant and would therefore be of use in defining diagnostic and prognostic indices for disease progression. In further detail, our results indicate that when serum levels of sIL2R < 522 U/ml, IL4 < 159 pg/ml and IL8 > 339 pg/ml there is a 95% probability that the disease is in stage I or II where there is no infiltration of lymph nodes; when serum levels of sIL2R > or = 522 Ug/ml, 159 pg/ml < or = IL4 < or = 319 pg/ml, and IL7 < 54 pg/ml, there is a 95% probability that the disease is in stage III and the tumor has invaded the lymph nodes; when the serum levels of IL4 > or = 431 pg/ml and IL7 > or = 54 pg/ml, there is a 95% probability that the disease is in stage IV and there is metastasis. PMID:11915173
Berghella, Anna Maria; Contasta, Ida; Pellegrini, Patrizia; Del Beato, Tiziana; Adorno, Domenico
Objective: To compare the effects of oxytocin and dinoprostone used in labor induction on fetal blood gas parameters. Material and Methods: This prospective randomized trial involved 108 women who completed 37 gestational weeks and who required labor induction prior to normal vaginal birth. Labor was induced in 57 women with an intravenous low dose oxytocin regimen and in 51 with intravaginal dinoprostone (PGE2). Following childbirth, umbilical artery blood gas was analyzed, with pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3 and base excess (BE) compared in the two groups. Results: Mean age and obstetrical data (gravidity, parity, gestational weeks and birthweight) were similar in the two groups (p>0.05). All infants had 1 and 5 minute APGAR scores ?7. Umbilical artery blood pH was similar in the oxytocin and dinoprostone groups (7.31�0.07 vs. 7.31�0.05, p=0.780), as were the other blood gas parameters (pCO2, pO2, base excess and HCO3; p>0.05 each). Conclusion: Induction of labor with either oxytocin or dinoprostone in women with uncomplicated term pregnancies had no adverse effects on umbilical artery blood gas parameters. PMID:24592052
Keskin, Huseyin Levent; Kabacaoglu, Gokalp; Secen, Elcin Islek; Ustuner, Is?k; Yegin, Gulin; Avsar, Ayse Filiz
To study the effect of feeding calcium hydroxide-treated or vitamin E-supplemented cottonseed meal (CSM) incorporated diets on plasma gossypol, blood parameters and animal performance, 24 male Bikaneri lambs of 6-7 months of age and of uniform body weight were divided into four groups of six animals each in a completely randomized design and respectively fed isonitrogenous and isocaloric concentrate mixtures containing 20% soybean meal (CON) or 40% raw CSM (RCSM), 40% raw CSM supplemented with 500 IU of vitamin E per head per day (ERCSM), and 40%, 1.5% calcium hydroxide-treated CSM (CaCSM) along with ad libitum wheat straw throughout 510 days of experimental feeding. The lambs on all the diets grew linearly throughout the experimental period. The total weight gain, in turn the average daily gain (ADG), was not affected by dietary variations. The daily intake of dry matter, crude protein (CP), digestible crude protein (DCP) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were found comparable among lambs of all the groups. Though total gossypol intake was similar in RCSM, ECSM and CaCSM groups, however, free gossypol intake was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in RCSM, ECSM groups as compared to CaCSM group. Serum iron and blood hemoglobin levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in RCSM group as compared to CaCSM and CON groups, and ALT activity was significantly (P < 0.05) higher on RCSM group as compared to other groups. Plasma gossypol and osmotic fragility of erythrocytes were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in RCSM group as compared to CaCSM and ERCSM groups. However, there was no significant difference in the concentration of other blood/serum biochemical constituents among the lambs on different groups. Based on the results, it may be concluded that feeding of 40% CSM in the concentrate mixture of the diet in Bikaneri lambs did not have any major adverse effect in blood parameters and animal performance. Either calcium hydroxide treatment or vitamin E supplementation did not produce any major additional benefits. PMID:23345064
Kannan, Alagarsamy; Sastry, Vadali Rama Bhadra; Agrawal, Dinesh Kumar; Kumar, Avneesh
The study was conducted to determine the effects of supplemented thyme oil extract and thyme water extract, the water soluble fraction of thyme extract, on fattening performance, blood parameters, oxidative stress and DNA damage in Japanese quails. Two hundred sixteen chicks were divided into four groups: control (no antibiotic or thyme extracts (I), fl avomycin (II), thyme oil extract (III)
T. Seng�l; S. Yurtseven; M. Cetin; A. Kocyigit; B. S�g�t
The influence of diet is recognized as a significant factor in the expression of toxicity. This applies particularly to toxins like methylmercury (MeHg) which are metabolically incorporated into growing food plants and biotransformed within the plant before ingestion. Methylmercury in this form may influence the early physiological and biochemical events which lead to development of toxicity. In a previous study,
M. Czuba; E. Komsta-Szumska; D. C. Mortimer; C. Champagne
The pig-tailed macaque is an important non-human primate experimental animal model that has been widely used in the research of AIDS and other diseases. Pig-tailed macaques include Mentawai macaques (Macaca pagensis), Sunda pig-tailed macaques (M. nemestrina) and northern pig-tailed macaques (M. leonina). Northern pig-tailed macaques inhabit China and surrounding Southeast Asia countries. To our knowledge, no reports have been published regarding the hematology and blood chemistry parameters of northern pig-tailed macaques, which are important for the objective evaluation of experimental results. We measured and analyzed 18 hematology parameters and 13 blood chemistry parameters in juvenile (aged 2-4 years) and adult (aged 5-10 years) northern pig-tailed macaques. We found that red blood cells, hemoglobin and alkaline phosphatase values were lower in female macaques than male macaques in both juvenile and adult groups. White blood cells, lymphocyte, monocytes, platelet distribution width, cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase values were higher in juvenile macaques than adult macaques, while creatinine and triglycerides values were lower in juvenile macaques. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin and creatinine values were positively correlated with weight in juvenile groups. In adult groups, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, percentage of granulocyte, hemoglobin and creatinine were also positively correlated with weight, and lymphocyte, percentage of lymphocyte, red cell distribution width, aspartate aminotransferase and cholesterol values were negatively correlated with weight. The results suggest that age, gender and weight of northern pig-tailed macaques affected their hematology and blood chemistry parameters. This hematological and blood chemistry study has great significance in biomedical research and animal models using northern pig-tailed macaque as an experimental animal. PMID:23572357
Pang, Wei; L�, Long-Bao; Wang, Yun; Li, Gui; Huang, Dong-Ti; Lei, Ai-Hua; Zhang, Gao-Hong; Zheng, Yong-Tang
To determine the clinical pathology parameters in nude rats (Crl:NIH-Fox1RNU) following experimental induction of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 50 male adult nude rats weighing 250�350�g were used.\\u000a Complete blood count, total and differential leukocyte counts, plasma total protein, albumin, glucose, urea, creatinine, total\\u000a bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were determined before (time\\u000a zero, T0), 1, and 5�days
Zuhair Bani Ismail; Mahmoud Abu Abeeleh; Khaled R. Alzaben; Sami A. Abu-Halaweh; Abdel Karim S. Aloweidi; Iyad A. Al-Ammouri; Mohamed K. Al-Essa; Samir K. Jabaiti; Moaath M. Alsmady; Ahmad Al-Majali
Forty eight male Balb/c mice, each weighing 30-35 g, were used in the present study. The animals were divided into four equal groups. The first group served as the control group, and the second group was administered royal jelly at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw by gavage for a period of 7 days. The third group received 200 ppm fluoride, as sodium fluoride, for a period of 7 days, in drinking water. Lastly, the fourth group was given 200 ppm fluoride in drinking water, in association with royal jelly at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw by gavage, for a period of 7 days. At the end of the seventh day, blood samples were collected from all groups into heparinised and dry tubes, and liver samples were taken concurrently. Erythrocyte and liver tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were evaluated in the blood and tissue samples obtained. Furthermore, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, total protein and albumin levels, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alcaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were evaluated. In conclusion, fluoride was determined to cause adverse effects in mice, and the administration of royal jelly to these animals alleviated the adverse effects of fluoride. PMID:19425189
Kanbur, Murat; Eraslan, G�khan; Silici, Sibel; Karabacak, M�rsel
White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are associated with hypertension. We examined interactions among blood pressure (BP), internal carotid artery (ICA) flow velocity parameters, and WMH. We obtained BP measurements from 694 community-dwelling subjects at mean ages 69.6 (�0.8) years and again at 72.6 (�0.7) years, plus brain MRI and ICA ultrasound at age 73�1 years. Diastolic and mean BP decreased and pulse pressure increased, but systolic BP did not change between 70 and 73 years. Multiple linear regression, corrected for vascular disease and risk factors, showed that WMH at the age of 73 years were associated with history of hypertension (?=0.13; P<0.001) and with BP at the age of 70 years (systolic ?=0.08, mean ?=0.09, diastolic ?=0.08; all P<0.05); similar but attenuated associations were seen for BP at the age of 73 years. Lower diastolic BP and higher pulse pressure were associated with higher ICA pulsatility index at the age 73 years (diastolic BP age 70 years: standardized ?=-0.24, P<0.001; pulse pressure age 70 years: ?=0.19, P<0.001). WMH were associated with higher ICA pulsatility index (?=0.13; P=0.002) after adjusting for BP and correction for multiple testing. Therefore, falling diastolic BP and increased pulse pressure are associated with increased ICA pulsatility index, which in turn is associated with WMH. This suggests that hypertension and WMH may either associate indirectly because hypertension increases arterial stiffness that leads to WMH over time, or coassociate through advancing age and stiffer vessels, or both. Reducing vascular stiffness may reduce WMH progression and should be tested in randomized trials, in addition to testing antihypertensive therapy. PMID:24470459
Aribisala, Benjamin S; Morris, Zoe; Eadie, Elizabeth; Thomas, Avril; Gow, Alan; Vald�s Hern�ndez, Maria C; Royle, Natalie A; Bastin, Mark E; Starr, John; Deary, Ian J; Wardlaw, Joanna M
Blood Pressure, Internal Carotid Atery Flow Parameters and Age-Related White Matter Hyperintensities
White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are associated with hypertension. We examined interactions between blood pressure (BP), internal carotid artery (ICA) flow velocity parameters and WMH. We obtained BP measurements from 694 community-dwelling subjects at mean ages 69.6 (�0.8) and again at 72.6 (�0.7) years, plus brain MRI and ICA ultrasound at age 73�1 years. Diastolic and mean BP decreased and pulse pressure increased but systolic BP did not change between 70 and 73 years. Multiple linear regression, corrected for vascular disease and risk factors, showed that WMH at age 73 were associated with history of hypertension (?=0.13, p<0.001) and with BP at age 70 (systolic ?=0.08, mean ?=0.09, diastolic ?=0.08, all p<0.05); similar but attenuated associations were seen for BP at age 73. Lower diastolic BP and higher pulse pressure were associated with higher ICA pulsatility index at age 73 (diastolic BP: standardized ?, age 70=?0.24, p<0.001; pulse pressure age 70 ?=0.19, p<0.001). WMH were associated with higher ICA pulsatility index (?=0.13, p=0.002) after adjusting for BP and correction for multiple testing. Therefore falling diastolic BP and increased pulse pressure are associated with increased ICA pulsatility index, which in turn is associated with WMH. This suggests that hypertension and WMH may either associate indirectly because hypertension increases arterial stiffness which leads to WMH over time, or co-associate through advancing age and stiffer vessels, or both. Reducing vascular stiffness may reduce WMH progression and should be tested in randomised trials, in addition to testing antihypertensive therapy. PMID:24470459
Aribisala, Benjamin S; Morris, Zoe; Eadie, Elizabeth; Thomas, Avril; Gow, Alan; Hernandez, Maria C Valdes; Royle, Nataile A; Bastin, Mark E; Starr, John; Deary, Ian J; Wardlaw, Joanna M
The study examined the effects of carbon monoxide (CO) in 50 and 100 ppm doses on response to treadmill exercise, blood coagulation and blood lipids in normal men. Twenty-three men were exposed to CO or to air in a double-blind protocol. After exposure, each underwent a graded ex...
Relationship of umbilical vein blood flow to growth parameters in the human fetus
Objective: Our purposes were to determine the relationship of the growth of umbilical blood flow to growth in body measurements of human fetuses in uncomplicated pregnancies. The study also aimed to assess the relative contributions of growth in umbilical vein diameter and of increased velocity to the increase in umbilical blood flow. Study Design: An animal study was conducted to
Antonio Barbera; Henry L. Galan; Enrico Ferrazzi; Serena Rigano; Maciej J�zwik; Frederick C. Battaglia; Giorgio Pardi
Fifty-nine chronic hemodialysis patients who had been on dialysis for an average of 77 months underwent bone biopsies and the pathologic findings were correlated with biochemical and demographic data. All but two had evidence of renal osteodystrophy, 23 with osteitis fibrosa (OF), 19 with osteomalacia and/or adynamic disease (OM/AD), and 15 with mixed osteodystrophy (MOD). Patients in each group were similar with regard to age, sex distribution, duration of dialysis, unstimulated serum aluminum, calcium and phosphorus. Patients with osteitis fibrosa (OF) had statistically higher DFO stimulated aluminum, alkaline phosphatase and PTHC levels than the other two groups although there was marked individual variation. The bone biopsies were also evaluated for the amount of aluminum deposited in the osteoid seam. All 23 of the patients with OF and 11 of the 15 patients with MOD had no, mild, or minimal aluminum deposition but 12 of the 19 patients with OM/AD had moderate to marked aluminum deposition. Patients with minimal to mild aluminum deposition were similar in age, duration of dialysis, sex distribution, unstimulated and DFO stimulated aluminum levels, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase to those with moderate to marked deposition but had significantly higher parathormone levels. All patients had been treated in a similar fashion regarding diet, oral phosphate binders and vitamin D; therefore, the observed differences in bone pathology were not readily explicable. However, patients who were found to have osteitis fibrosa and those with minimal to mild aluminum deposition had significantly higher parathormone levels when compared with patients in the other groups at the inception of dialysis. PMID:2019018
Chazan, J A; Libbey, N P; London, M R; Pono, L; Abuelo, J G
The study was conducted to examine the effects of partially replacing soybean meal (SBM) by solid-state fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM) on growth performance, serum biochemical parameters and immune function of broilers. After inoculated with Bacillus subtilis BJ-1 for 48 h, the content of free gossypol in cottonseed meal was decreased from 0.82 to 0.21 g/kg. A total of 600, day-old male yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into four groups with three replicates of 50 chicks each. A corn-SBM based control diet was formulated and the experimental diets included 4, 8 or 12% FCSM, replacing SBM. Throughout the experiment, broilers fed 8% FCSM had higher (p<0.05) body weight gain than those fed 0, 4 and 12% FCSM. The feed intake in 8% FCSM group was superior (p<0.05) to other treatments from d 21 to 42. On d 21, the concentration of serum immunoglobin M in the 4% and 8% FCSM groups, as well as the content of complements (C3, C4) in 8% FCSM group were greater (p<0.05) than those in the SBM group. Besides, birds fed 8% FCSM had increased (p<0.05) serum immunoglobin M, immunoglobulin G and complement C4 levels on d 42 compared with bird fed control diet. No differences (p>0.05) were found between treatments regarding the serum biochemical parameters and the relative weights of immune organs. In conclusion, FCSM can be used in broiler diets at up to 12% of the total diet and an appropriate replacement of SBM with FCSM may improve growth performance and immunity in broilers. PMID:25049578
Tang, J. W.; Sun, H.; Yao, X. H.; Wu, Y. F.; Wang, X.; Feng, J.
The effect of feeding different proportions of groundnut haulms (Arachis hypogaea) and cluster bean straw (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) on nutrient digestibility, nutritive value, nutrient intake and serum biochemical parameters was studied using nine male dromedary camels of Bikaneri breeds (637.5 kg average body weight; 8-9 years of age). Groundnut haulms (GNH) and cluster bean straw (CBS) were fed in one of three ratios, 75:25, 50:50 and 25:75 in treatments T(1), T(2) and T(3), respectively. In all treatments, concentrate mixture was fed as per requirement of the camels. The groundnut haulms were more nutritive as compared to the cluster bean straw. The nutrient digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein (CP), crude fibre and acid detergent fibre was better in T(1) than T(2) and T(3). Likewise, the CP, digestible crude protein and total digestible nutrient contents were significantly higher in T(1) followed by T(2) and T(3). There was non-significant affect on average daily gain of camels. However, dry matter intake, digestible crude protein intake and total digestible nutrients were better in T(1) as compared to T(2) and T(3). The total water intake per kilogram of dry matter intake (litres) was 2.98, 2.89 and 2.68, respectively, in T(1), T(2) and T(3). The camels in all the treatments were in positive nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus balance. The treatments had a significant effect on serum biochemical parameters like glucose, cholesterol, aspartate transaminase and creatinine. The results may conclude that feeding of higher proportion of groundnut haulms as compared to cluster bean straw has pronounced improvement in nutritional utilisation by the camels. PMID:22476733
Gupta, Lokesh; Kumar, Roy Ashwani; Ghanshyam, Tiwari; Rajesh, Dhuria; Garg, Rajeev
Purpose: The American Brachytherapy Society recommends that postprostate implant dosimetry be performed on all patients undergoing transperineal interstitial permanent prostate brachytherapy (TIPPB) utilizing CT scan clinical target volume reconstructions. This study was undertaken to assess the recommended dosimetry parameters from a large cohort of patients undergoing TIPPB that would predict for PSA relapse-free survival (PSA-RFS).Methods and Materials: Seven hundred nineteen
Louis Potters; Yijian Cao; Emel Calugaru; Taryn Torre; Paul Fearn; Xiao-Hong Wang
Given the need for parallel increases in food and energy production from crops in the context of global change, crop simulation models and data sets to feed these models with photosynthesis and respiration parameters are increasingly important. This study provides information on photosynthesis and respiration for three energy crops (sunflower, kenaf, and cynara), reviews relevant information for five other crops (wheat, barley, cotton, tobacco, and grape), and assesses how conserved photosynthesis parameters are among crops. Using large data sets and optimization techniques, the C3 leaf photosynthesis model of Farquhar, von Caemmerer, and Berry (FvCB) and an empirical night respiration model for tested energy crops accounting for effects of temperature and leaf nitrogen were parameterized. Instead of the common approach of using information on net photosynthesis response to CO2 at the stomatal cavity (An�Ci), the model was parameterized by analysing the photosynthesis response to incident light intensity (An�Iinc). Convincing evidence is provided that the maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate or the maximum electron transport rate was very similar whether derived from An�Ci or from An�Iinc data sets. Parameters characterizing Rubisco limitation, electron transport limitation, the degree to which light inhibits leaf respiration, night respiration, and the minimum leaf nitrogen required for photosynthesis were then determined. Model predictions were validated against independent sets. Only a few FvCB parameters were conserved among crop species, thus species-specific FvCB model parameters are needed for crop modelling. Therefore, information from readily available but underexplored An�Iinc data should be re-analysed, thereby expanding the potential of combining classical photosynthetic data and the biochemical model. PMID:22021569
Archontoulis, S. V.; Yin, X.; Vos, J.; Danalatos, N. G.; Struik, P. C.
Background Relationship of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) with parameters that could provide more information than hemodynamic renal indexes has not been clarified. We aimed to explore the association of comprehensive renal parameters with LVDD in a community-based elderly population. Methods 1,166 community residents (aged ? 65 years, 694 females) participating in the Shanghai Heart Health Study with complete data of renal parameters were investigated. Echocardiography was used to evaluate diastolic function with conventional and tissue Doppler imaging techniques. Serum urea, creatinine, urea-to-creatinine ratio, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) were analyzed on their associations with LVDD. Results The prevalence of LVDD increased in proportion to increasing serum urea, urea-to-creatinine ratio and UACR. These three renal parameters were found negatively correlated to peak early (E) to late (A) diastolic velocities ratio (E/A), and positively to left atrial volume index; UACR also positively correlated with E to peak early (E�) diastolic mitral annular velocity ratio (E/E�). Serum urea, urea-to-creatinine ratio and UACR correlated with LVDD in logistic univariate regression analysis, and urea-to-creatinine ratio remained independently correlated to LVDD [Odds ratio (OR) 2.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34�5.95] after adjustment. Serum urea (OR 1.18, 95%CI 1.03�1.34), creatinine (OR 6.53, 95%CI 1.70��25.02), eGFR (OR 0.22, 95%CI 0.07�0.65) and UACR (OR 2.15, 95%CI 1.42�3.24) were revealed independent correlates of advanced (moderate and severe) LVDD. Conclusions Biochemical parameters of renal function were closely linked with LVDD. This finding described new cardio-renal relationship in the elderly population. PMID:24533126
Zhou, Jun; Zhang, Hanying; Tang, Bixiao; Fu, Michael; Herlitz, Hans; Cui, Jie; Zhu, Hongmin; Sun, Aijun; Hu, Kai; Ge, Junbo
Given the need for parallel increases in food and energy production from crops in the context of global change, crop simulation models and data sets to feed these models with photosynthesis and respiration parameters are increasingly important. This study provides information on photosynthesis and respiration for three energy crops (sunflower, kenaf, and cynara), reviews relevant information for five other crops (wheat, barley, cotton, tobacco, and grape), and assesses how conserved photosynthesis parameters are among crops. Using large data sets and optimization techniques, the C(3) leaf photosynthesis model of Farquhar, von Caemmerer, and Berry (FvCB) and an empirical night respiration model for tested energy crops accounting for effects of temperature and leaf nitrogen were parameterized. Instead of the common approach of using information on net photosynthesis response to CO(2) at the stomatal cavity (A(n)-C(i)), the model was parameterized by analysing the photosynthesis response to incident light intensity (A(n)-I(inc)). Convincing evidence is provided that the maximum Rubisco carboxylation rate or the maximum electron transport rate was very similar whether derived from A(n)-C(i) or from A(n)-I(inc) data sets. Parameters characterizing Rubisco limitation, electron transport limitation, the degree to which light inhibits leaf respiration, night respiration, and the minimum leaf nitrogen required for photosynthesis were then determined. Model predictions were validated against independent sets. Only a few FvCB parameters were conserved among crop species, thus species-specific FvCB model parameters are needed for crop modelling. Therefore, information from readily available but underexplored A(n)-I(inc) data should be re-analysed, thereby expanding the potential of combining classical photosynthetic data and the biochemical model. PMID:22021569
Archontoulis, S V; Yin, X; Vos, J; Danalatos, N G; Struik, P C
This experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of calcium soap of fatty acid (CSFA) supplementation on serum biochemical and hormones and ovarian activity during out-of-the-breeding season in ewes. Twelve crossbred ewes, 2-3 years of age and weighting 45�55?kg, were allocated into two equal groups. The first group was control and the other was treated with 50?g/head of CSFA. All ewes were fed basal diet and treated with 60?mg of medroxy progesterone acetate intravaginal sponge for 12 day. At the third day of sponge removal, the CSFA-treated group was given 50?g/head of CSFA daily for two estrous cycles. During the estrus phase, ovarian activity was detected using ultrasonography in both groups. All ewes were then subjected to natural breeding and conception rate. Blood samples were collected from all ewes during treatment period. Results revealed significant (P < 0.05) increases in serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, and progesterone levels with decrease in calcium and phosphorous levels in treated group. In treated group, normal-size ovaries and more than one follicle on the ovaries were detected and pregnancy rate increased. In conclusion, CSFA supplementation was effective to maintain the reproductive performance when ewes were out of the breeding season. PMID:22629155
El-Nour, Hayat H. M.; Nasr, Soad M.; Hassan, Walid R.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Currently light emitting diodes (LEDs) are considered to be most preferable source for space plant growth facilities. We performed a complex study of growth and photosynthesis in Chinese cabbage plants (Brassica chinensis L.) grown with continuous LED lighting based on red (650 nm) and blue (470 nm) LEDs with a red to blue photon ratio of 7:1. Plants grown with high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps were used as a control. PPF levels used were about 100 ?mol/(m2 s) (PPF 100) and nearly 400 ?mol/(m2 s) (PPF 400). One group of plants was grown with PPF 100 and transferred to PPF 400 at the age of 12 days. Plants were studied at the age of 15 and 28 days (harvest age); some plants were left to naturally end their life cycle. We studied a number of parameters reflecting different stages of photosynthesis: photosynthetic pigment content; chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (photosystem II quantum yield, photochemical and non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching); electron transport rate, proton gradient on thylakoid membranes (?pH), and photophosphorylation rate in isolated chloroplasts. We also tested parameters reflecting plant growth and productivity: shoot and root fresh and dry weight, sugar content and ascorbic acid content in shoots. Our results had shown that at PPF 100, plants grown with LEDs did not differ from control plants in shoot fresh weight, but showed substantial differences in photophosphorylation rate and sugar content. Differences observed in plants grown with PPF 100 become more pronounced in plants grown with PPF 400. Most parameters characterizing the plant photosynthetic performance, such as photosynthetic pigment content, electron transport rate, and ?pH did not react strongly to light spectrum. Photophosphorylation rate differed strongly in plants grown with different spectrum and PPF level, but did not always reflect final plant yield. Results of the present work suggest that narrow-band LED lighting caused changes in Chinese cabbage plants on levels of the photosynthetic apparatus and the whole plant, concerning its development and adaptation to a varying PPF level.
Avercheva, Olga; Berkovich, Yuliy A.; Smolyanina, Svetlana; Bassarskaya, Elizaveta; Pogosyan, Sergey; Ptushenko, Vasiliy; Erokhin, Alexei; Zhigalova, Tatiana
Exposure of erythrocytes to hypotonic lysis creates pores in the cell membrane, through which pravastatin can enter and become trapped, after resealing them with a suitable buffer. We investigated the effects of tonicity, incubation time and drug concentration on drug loading into erythrocytes. Furthermore, we investigate the effects of pravastatin on erythrocyte oxidative stress markers and osmotic fragility behavior. Encapsulation was achieved using buffer solutions of different tonicities (0.5, 0.6 and 0.7% NaCl) and different drug concentrations (2, 4, 8 and 10 mg/mL) for a range of incubation times (15, 30, 60 and 120 min). The results demonstrated that controlled hypotonic lysis could entrap pravastatin in human erythrocytes, with acceptable loading parameters. The highest loading (34%) was achieved at 0.6% NaCl and 10 mg/mL pravastatin for 60 min incubation. At this pravastatin concentration, oxidative stress markers were similar to those seen in controls, and fragility and hematological parameters were unaffected in drug-loaded erythrocytes. These results indicate that the loading process and pravastatin concentration had no deleterious effects on the structure of pravastatin-loaded erythrocytes, suggesting that they may therefore have a similar life span to normal cells. Pravastatin-loaded erythrocytes may thus provide an effective extended-release-delivery system for pravastatin. PMID:22941486
Harisa, Gamaleldin I; Ibrahim, Mohamed F; Alanazi, Fars K
Various parameters were measured during the period of composting of dairy manure and rice chaff in different ratios (dairy manure/rice chaff=V/V, pile 1: 75/25; pile 2: 80/20; pile 3: 85/15) to evaluate their suitability as indicators for the composting process. The temperature in pile 1 increased rapidly and remained above 60 �C for 30 days, while the temperature in pile 3 increased slowly relative to the other two piles. Furthermore, the degradation of organic substrates, as indicated by the reduction of C/N ratio, was rapid in pile 1 (below 20% 28 days after beginning of the composting). The major fluctuations of various water-soluble fractions in all piles were observed during the first 3 weeks, and the results in general showed that the highest microbial populations and enzymatic activities also appeared in this phase. Various parameters indicated that the rapid composting method was a feasible one for treating agricultural wastes. PMID:21835612
Liu, Dongyang; Zhang, Ruifu; Wu, Hongsheng; Xu, Dabing; Tang, Zhu; Yu, Guanghui; Xu, Zhihui; Shen, Qirong
Hematologic and plasma biochemical reference values in Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus).
Blood samples were collected from captive, adult, clinically normal Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) for hematologic and plasma biochemical analyses. Hematologic parameters investigated were total red blood cell count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume, fibrinogen, mean cell volume, mean cell hemoglobin, mean cell hemoglobin concentration, total white blood cell count, differential white blood cell count, and thrombocyte count. Plasma biochemical parameters investigated were alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, amylase, aspartate aminotransferase, bile acids, total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, calcium, cholesterol, creatinine, creatine kinase, gamma glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose, iron, phosphorus, and uric acid, as well as plasma protein electrophoresis. Results were compared with values from studies done in houbara bustards (Chlamydotis undulata), kori bustards (Ardeotis kori), stone curlews (Burhinus oedicnemus), and taxonomically related species, including ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus), red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa), Kashmir native fowl (Kashmirfavorella), and Bangladesh native, Fayoumi, and Assil fowl (Gallus domesticus). PMID:20806654
Samour, Jaime; Naldo, Jesus; Rahman, Habeeb; Sakkir, Mohammed
Introduction: Ramadan fasting is a religious obligation which is practised by Muslim population all over the world. However, there is scarcity of scientific literature regarding its effects on health determinants in cardiovascular disturbances like hypertension. Objects:The present study was done to assess the (BP), body weight and serum cholesterol changes over the period of Ramadan fasting in patients with hypertension. Materails And Methods:This prospective observational trial was done on 15 hypertensive subjects who were in the age group of 35 to 65 years, who were determined to complete Ramadan fast. All subjects were on antihypertensive therapy. Outcome measures of (BP), body weight and serum cholesterol were assessed in all the subjects before and after Ramadan month. Results: Mean age of subjects was 44.6 � 5.62 years. Systolic BP decreased from 148 � 19.6 to 132.5 � 17.9 mm of Hg. The decrease of 15.5 units (95% CI: 7.5 to 24.4) was statistically significant (p = 0.0009). Diastolic BP decreased from 90.4 � 7.8 to 81.1 � 6.3 mm of Hg. The decrease of 9.3 units (95% CI: 5.7 to 13) was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). There was statistically significant decrease in body weight from 66.6 � 13 to 65.2 � 12.7 kg (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in serum cholesterol from 187.3 � 28.9 to 192.7 � 31.3 mg% (p = 0.37). Conclusion: Hypertensive patients with continuation of their medicines showed a decrease in blood pressure and reduction in body weight at the end of Ramadan fasting duration. However there was no change found in serum cholesterol levels. PMID:24783068
M, Salahuddin; AH, Sayed Ashfak; SR, Syed; KM, Badaam
Delayed sample analysis is not a rare circumstance in clinical and laboratory practice, especially when blood samples are shipped to distant centralized laboratories, when the analysis can not be readily performed, or when retesting is appropriate. In this study we sought to evaluate the stability of conventional and new hematologic parameters in blood specimens stored for as long as 24 hours at 4 degrees C. Of the 21 hematologic parameters tested with the use of the Advia 120 hematologic analyzer (Bayer Diagnostics), means for paired samples of specimens differed significantly over the 24-hour storage period for hematocrit, main corpuscular volume, percentage of macrocytes, platelet count, main platelet volume, reticulocyte count and percentage, and reticulocyte hemoglobin content (all P < .01). We noted no significant changes in the other parameters tested or in the white blood cell differential. The overall distribution of the immature reticulocytes fractions remained substantially unchanged, though the high staining-intensity fraction showed a considerable shift from the baseline measure. Bland-Altman plots and limits-of-agreement analysis showed mean biases between -4.8% and 37.2% and relative coefficients of variations ranging from 0.4% to 32.7%. The 95% agreement interval in the set of differences was satisfactory and almost within the current analytic-quality specifications for desirable bias. The results of this investigation suggest that, within certain limitations for parameters derived or calculated from cellular volumes, blood specimens stored for as long as 24 hours at 4 degrees C may be suitable for hematologic testing. PMID:16310516
Lippi, Giuseppe; Salvagno, Gian Luca; Solero, Gian Pietro; Franchini, Massimo; Guidi, Gian Cesare
The aim of this study was to assess environmental quality at some of the sites most severely affected by the Prestige oil spill off 2 years after the spillage (April and November 2004). For this purpose analyses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and several biochemical (antioxidant enzymes catalase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and DT-diaphorase and lipid peroxidation) and physiological [scope for growth (SFG)] biomarkers were determined on wild mussel populations (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected at four points along the Costa da Morte and compared with those of a reference site not affected by the oil spill. Results showed that PAH contents had markedly decreased 17 months after the accident, although they were higher in April than in November, when they showed values similar to background levels reported for this area. Nevertheless, the predominance of chrysene on PAH profiles, similarly to findings obtained immediately after the spill, indicated the Prestige as their main source. In spite of the low PAH levels recorded, antioxidant activity levels (explained through the integrated antioxidant response-IAR) were higher in the Costa da Morte than at the reference site either in April and November. In April IAR seems to be related to PAH levels found 3 months after the accident (February 2003), suggesting the persistence in the environment of oxidative stress-producing components from the spill. However, evidence of oxidative stress was not reflected at physiological level by scope for growth, with only very slight differences being observed between values from the reference site and those from Costa da Morte sites. In conclusion, although 2 years after the spill PAHs bioaccumulated by mussels from the Costa da Morte had decreased to background levels, biochemical parameters showed signals of oxidative stress in mussels from this area. However, SFG reflected a good health status for the mussel populations studied and did not reveal evidence of physiological disturbance either 17 or 24 months after the Prestige spill. PMID:20033486
Fern�ndez, Beatriz; Albentosa, Marina; Vi�as, Luc�a; Franco, Angeles; Gonz�lez, Juan J; Campillo, Juan A
Effect of Capparis spinosa (C. spinosa) and Acacia arabica (A. arabica) dry powder as plant molluscicide on some glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes on snail tissues, was investigated. Lactate debydrogenase (LDH), Pyruvate Kinase (PK), Hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) as important glycolytic enzymes, were markedly manipulated by both plants when measured one day and one week post-treatment. On the other hand glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6Pase), fructose 1.6 diphosphatase (FDpase), phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) as gluconeogenic enzymes were significantly affected by the moluscicidal plants. In addition, some other parameters as glycogen, glucose, total protein, 5-nucleotidase alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) as kreb's cycle enzyme were tested. As conclusion, LC25 and LC50 concentrations of C. spinosa and A. arabica might render B. alexandrina physiologically unsuitable for S. mansoni infection. PMID:15287176
Aly, Sanaa A; Aly, Hanan F; Saba-el-Rigal, Nagy; Sammour, Elham M
Background. The stimuli acting on a person in a high mountain environment (such as hypobaric hypoxia with subsequent reoxygenation, physical exercise) can significantly increase oxidative stress, stimulate erythropoiesis, lead to changes in the blood count and participate in the development of altitude sickness. Objective. The aim was to investigate changes in haematological parameters, indicators of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde - MDA) and antioxidant defences: catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant status (TAS) in the plasma of young, healthy people after a 9-day expedition in the Alps. Materials and method. A total of 5 patients (4 men and 1 woman), members of the Wroc?aw Mountaineering Club, aged 24-26 years. Collection of blood samples was carried out immediately before departure and 3 days after the end of exposure to high-altitude conditions. During the expedition, the subjects were exposed to heights: 2,050-4,165 m.a.s.l., and exercise associated with climbing. Results. Trekking in the Alps neither caused significant changes in the parameters of red blood cells nor increased the level of oxidative stress parameters in plasma. CAT activity increased, the ratio of SOD / CAT decreased. There was also a decrease in the total number of leukocytes, mainly monocytes and basophils. Conclusions. 9-day exposure to high-altitude conditions is not a substantial burden for the organism of young, physically active people. The increase in antioxidant capacity is sufficient to stop oxidative processes, which are severe in these conditions, and to prevent the occurrence of significant oxidative stress. Discontinuation of exposure to allergens and dust pollution clears the airways, which is indicated by the reduction in the number of monocytes and basophils. PMID:25292134
Krzeszowiak, Jakub; Zawadzki, Marcin; Markiewicz-G�rka, Iwona; Kawalec, Agata; Pawlas, Krystyna
Testosterone administered alone or in combination with progestogens in male contraception induces reversible oligo-azoospermia, but its effects on body composition and metabolism are less known. We analysed anthropometric and metabolic parameters in five groups of 10 males: four receiving testosterone undecanoate (TU: 1000 mg) plus norethisterone enanthate (NETE: 200 mg) at different intervals (every 8 weeks: NETE-8; every 12 weeks: NETE-12; every 6 weeks for 12 weeks and then every 12 weeks: NETE-6/12; every 6 weeks for 12 weeks and then TU plus placebo every 12 weeks: NETE-6/12/0) and one placebo (NETE-0/0) for a total of 48 weeks. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference did not change in any groups except for the NETE-8 in which BMI increased significantly (p = 0.02) at the end of the treatment period. Lean body mass (MAMC or AMA) increased significantly in the highest hormonal dose groups (p = 0.04, NETE-6/12; p = 0.004, NETE-8). No differences were observed in glucose levels, insulin sensitivity index and lipid profile as well as in biochemical and cell count parameters in any groups. In conclusion, NETE and TU for 48 weeks were not accompanied by any metabolic changes and any adverse effects. The weight gain of the highest NETE plus TU dosage was mainly because of gain in muscle mass. PMID:21087288
Pelusi, C; Costantino, A; Cerpolini, S; Pelusi, G; Meriggiola, M C; Pasquali, R
As prevalence of metabolic syndrome has rapidly increased over the past decade, lifestyle changes including dietary habits are considered as a therapeutic cornerstone for metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular complications and type 2 diabetes. We evaluated the effectiveness of a telephone-delivered nutrition education to improve metabolic parameters compared with a single-visit with a dietitian in subjects with metabolic syndrome. A total of seventy-one adults who met diagnostic criteria for the metabolic syndrome were randomly assigned to either the single-visit group or the in-depth nutrition education group during a 3-month intervention study period. The in-depth telephone-delivered nutrition education group had an initial visit with a dietitian and additional two telephone counseling during the first 4 weeks of the study periods. Sixty-six subjects completed a 3-month intervention study. The trial examined participant's anthropometric changes and dietary intakes as well as changes in the metabolic syndrome factors. At the end of the trial, the in-depth nutrition education group showed significantly higher reduction in weight, body fat and abdominal circumference compared with the other group (p < 0.05). In the in-depth nutrition groups, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was decreased to 45.5%, while 69.7% of the subjects were metabolic syndrome patients in the single-visit group (p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that the telephone-intervention counseling is a feasible mean to deliver dietary intervention in patients with metabolic syndrome. PMID:23908978
Kim, Juyoung; Bea, Wookyung; Lee, Kiheon; Han, Jongsoo; Kim, Sohye; Kim, Misung; Na, Woori
The present study aimed to investigate, whether short-term experimental exposure to high levels of welding fumes would be capable of exerting acute effects in healthy subjects. Specifically, we assessed cardiovascular function in terms of heart rate variability (HRV) as well as the concentrations of inflammatory mediators and hemostatic proteins in blood as outcome measures. Twenty subjects without a history of airway and cardiovascular diseases were exposed to either control air or welding fume for 1 h on 2 separate days under standardized conditions. The median concentration of the alveolar particle fraction during welding was 3.5 mg/m(3 )(quartiles: 1.4-6.3 mg/m(3); range 1.0-25.3 mg/m(3)). Five hours later a panel of clinical assessments was performed, including HRV measurement and drawing of blood samples. There were no changes in symptom ratings or lung function after welding fume exposure. Exposures did also not differ regarding effects on time- and frequency-domain parameters of HRV. Similarly, blood leukocyte numbers, cell differentials and the blood levels of fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, antithrombin III, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor, ristocetin cofactor, sICAM-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, interleukin 8 and epithelial neutrophil activating peptide 78 were not altered by welding fume inhalation. However, there was a significant fall in the level of endothelin-1 (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the data did not indicate effects of clinical significance of a short-term high-level exposure to welding fumes on HRV or a set of blood hemostatic and acute inflammatory parameters in healthy subjects. The small but statistically significant effect on endothelin levels demonstrated that measurable effects could be elicited even in these individuals. Overall, welding fumes are not likely to exert acute cardiovascular effects in healthy individuals. PMID:16791613
Scharrer, E; Hessel, H; Kronseder, A; Guth, W; Rolinski, B; J�rres, R A; Radon, K; Schierl, R; Angerer, P; Nowak, D
Blood was removed from ten adult rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) on a sequential (7 days) weekly (4 weeks) and monthly (1 month) schedule and analyzed for hematocrit, plasma protein, acid phosphatase (AP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK). Of the parame...
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
This study aims to measure, then compare sedentary blood lipoproteins, oxidant- antioxidant state and oxidative stress index in volleyball players. The experimental group of the research consists of regularly practising 20 boys between the ages of 12 and 17, and the control group comprises 32 children practising no particular sports branch, 12 of�
Gokhan, Ismail
Prony analysis based parameter estimation of an NMR signal of blood plasma for cancer detection
Researchers have investigated the correlation between statistical differences in the aliphatic region of NMR processed blood plasma and malignant cancer. Previous efforts used nonlinear curve-fitting algorithms to indirectly estimate the nine components of interest in the methyl and methylene peaks of this region. A different method is described in this paper for directly estimating the nine components. A preprocessing algorithm
P. K. Gale; J. W. Pierre
The Unocal�Metrolink oil spill of 21 February 1995 resulted in approximately 7800 barrels of San Joaquin crude oil being deposited into the San Gabriel River in Huntington Beach, CA, USA. In order to determine long-term pathological effects of oil exposure and rehabilitation, hematological and serum biochemical parameters for both rehabilitated (RHB) American coots (Fulica americana) and reference (REF) coots were
S. H. Newman; D. W. Anderson; M. H. Ziccardi; J. G. Trupkiewicz; F. S. Tseng; M. M. Christopher; J. G. Zinkl
Because of the increasing cost of animal feed ingredients as well as the high demand, especially for the protein supplements, several efforts were carried out to use untraditional feed protein ingredients to participate in facing feed shortage problem and at the same time to decrease feeding costs. Nigella sativa (black cumin) and Thymus vulgaris are the most famous medical plants that have attracted the attention of many investigators for long time. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible effects of a partial replacement of soybean meal in control diet by Nigella sativa and/or Thymus vulgaris on the possible harmful changes in histological structure of some organs and blood parameters in growing New Zealand White rabbits. Blood constituents showed that the percentages of hemoglobin, hematocrate, the mean corpuscular hemoglobin and white blood cells (WBCs) count were significantly increased with the presence of black cumin seeds in the diets while WBCs count and the mean corpuscular volume in rabbit blood tends to decrease in Thymus vulgaris diets. Feeding diet supplemented with Nigella sativa increased the plasma total proteins, albumin, globulin, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and decreased total lipids, cholesterol and triglycerides. The use of Nigella sativa alone or either mixture with Thymus vulgaris are good supplements for growing rabbits without any adverse effect on histological structure of liver, kidney and testis in rabbits. PMID:20823051
Tousson, Ehab; El-Moghazy, Mostafa; El-Atrsh, Efaf
Arterial stiffness has been known to be a surrogate marker of arteriosclerosis, and also of vascular function. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) had been the most popular index and was known to be a predictor of cardiovascular events. But, it depends on blood pressure at measuring time. To overcome this problem, cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is developed. CAVI is derived from stiffness parameter ? by Hayashi, and the equation of Bramwell-Hill, and is independent from blood pressure at a measuring time. Then, CAVI might reflect the proper change of arterial wall by antihypertensive agents. CAVI shows high value with aging and in many arteriosclerotic diseases and is also high in persons with main coronary risk factors. Furthermore, CAVI is decreased by an administration of ?1 blocker, doxazosin for 2-4 hours, Those results suggested that CAVI reflected the arterial stiffness composed of organic components and of smooth muscle cell contracture. Angiotensin II receptor blocker, olmesartan decreased CAVI much more than that of calcium channel antagonist, amlodipine, even though the rates of decreased blood pressure were almost same. CAVI might differentiate the blood pressure-lowering agents from the point of the effects on proper arterial stiffness. This paper reviewed the principle and rationale of CAVI, and the possibilities of clinical applications, especially in the studies of hypertension. PMID:23807874
Shirai, Kohji; Utino, Junji; Saiki, Atsuhito; Endo, Kei; Ohira, Masahiro; Nagayama, Daiji; Tatsuno, Ichiro; Shimizu, Kazuhiro; Takahashi, Mao; Takahara, Akira
Cold agglutination disease (CAD) is characterized by an auto-antibody which is able to agglutinate red blood cells (RBCs) at temperatures lower than that of the body, and subsequently to activate the complement system responsible for lysis of RBCs. Patients show hemolytic anemia of varying degrees of severity, which arise or worsen upon exposure to low temperatures. We describe a case who presented with fever and symptoms of asthenia. His investigations yielded bizarre RBC parameters which led to suspicion of a rare CAD, which was confirmed on reviewing RBC parameters, peripheral smear and direct Coomb's test at different temperatures. Hence, we suggest assessment of bizarre RBC parameters and peripheral smear can help in laboratory testing and diagnosis of CAD. It should also not pose embarrassment in laboratory testing to the pathologist for making an early and accurate diagnosis, thus emphasizing the need for an early treatment of CAD. PMID:25031901
Gupta, V
1 5 Abstract: The influences of age on hematological and serum biochemical parameters were investigated in juvenile ring-necked pheasant. Statistical comparisons were made for differences in values among different ages. A variety of blood parameters showed significantly age related differences. Juvenile ring- necked pheasants of all ages had lymphocytes as the major circulating leukocyte. RBC values for 60 day-old pheasants
Elizabeth Moreira dos Santos Schmidt; Antonio Carlos Paulillo; Rosangela Locatelli Dittrich; Elizabeth Santin; Paula Cristina Linder da Silva; Olair Beltrame; Edson Goncalves de Oliveira
Biochemical profile of gin women laborers in Tirupur
Ginning factories discharge large amounts of cotton dusts that lead to decreased pulmonary function in the exposed subjects. An attempt was made to study the biochemical profile of women laborers employed in ginning factory located in Tirupur, a textile based city in Coimbatore district of Tamilnadu, India. The blood parameters that were analyzed were hemoglobin, total and differential count of leucocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), total proteins, immunoglobulins, total and isozymic content of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and histamine. Student's �t� test was carried out to compare the results with the control women. Correlation analysis was done between/within the biochemical parameters and also between the pulmonary function parameters results reported earlier by Jannet and Jeyanthi. Significant changes in the levels of hemoglobin, ESR, immunoglobins and histamine were reported in this study. Correlation studies between the pulmonary function parameters and biochemical parameters revealed significant negative correlation of FVC, FEV1 and PEF with ESR (P <0.05). There was also positive correlation between immunoglobin G and histamine. A significant negative correlation was observed between LDH1 and LDH3 and between albumin and ? globulin. The study suggested that the ginning factory women laborers exhibited significant changes in the levels of certain biochemical parameters apart from the pulmonary functional changes. PMID:21938218
Jannet, J. V.; Jeyanthi, G. P.
The purpose of this study was to examine whether L-carnitine and its precursor L-lysine could have any beneficial effect in racing pigeons, and if so, whether this effect is influenced by the extent of exercise (short-distance flight: 135 km vs. long-distance flight: 580 km). Birds were divided into seven groups of animals. Group 1: negative control, no flight, no treatment, Group 2: positive control, placebo treatment before the short-distance flight, Group 3: 200 mg/day L-carnitine treatment before the short-distance flight, Group 4: 400 mg/day L-lysine treatment before the short-distance flight, Group 5: positive control, placebo treatment before the long-distance flight, Group 6: 200 mg/day L-carnitine treatment before the long-distance flight, Group 7: 400 mg/day L-lysine treatment before the long-distance flight. L-carnitine, L-lysine and distilled water (placebo) were orally administered (tube feeding) for 7 days before flight. Just after returning home, blood samples were collected and analyzed for glucose, fructosamine, cholesterol, triglycerides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Pigeons were euthanized using carbon dioxide as an inhalation agent, and the whole body was subjected to proximate analysis. The status at arrival was referred to as a basis for comparison. Sex did not affect the measured parameters. As a result of the L-carnitine and L-lysine administrations, the body fat mobilization was higher during the 580 km flight, whereas no changes were noted during the 135 km flight. The main changes in the measured blood parameters were caused by the extent of exercise. This experiment considered the extent of exercise as a factor potentially modulating L-carnitine supplementation effects. In conclusion, flight distance affected several parameters but the supplements of L-carnitine and L-lysine were not effective in the tested situations. PMID:18477325
Hull�r, I; Fekete, S G; M�zes, M; Gl�vits, R; G�sp�rdy, A; F�bel, H
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chromium propionate on egg production, egg quality, plasma biochemical parameters and egg chromium deposition in late-phase laying hens. Four hundred thirty-two 60-weeks old laying hens were divided into four groups of 108 birds per group according to egg production. The dietary treatments consisted of the basal diet adding with 0, 200, 400, and 600 ?g/kg chromium as chromium propionate. All laying hens were given feed and water ad libitum for 8 weeks. The addition of 400 ?g/kg Cr as chromium propionate increased egg production (P?0.01) during the later 4 weeks, but decreased albumen height, yolk color score, and Haugh unit of eggs. Six hundred micrograms per kilogram Cr as chromium propionate supplementation improved shell thickness (P?0.05). 200 ?g/kg Cr as chromium propionate supplementation decreased the uric acid concentration by 31 % (P?0.05). However, supplemental Cr did not affect the egg chromium deposition of hens (P?>?0.05). These data indicated that feeding of late-phase laying hens with chromium propionate could improve egg production, increase eggshell thickness, but do not result in abnormal levels of chromium deposition in eggs. PMID:24338491
Ma, Wenqiang; Gu, Ying; Lu, Jingyu; Yuan, Lvfeng; Zhao, Ruqian
Application of the widely used Farquhar model of photosynthesis in interpretation of gas exchange data assumes that photosynthetic properties are homogeneous throughout the leaf. Previous studies showed that heterogeneity in stomatal conductance (g(s)) across a leaf could affect the shape of the measured leaf photosynthetic CO(2) uptake rate (A) versus intercellular CO(2) concentration (C(i)) response curve and, in turn, estimation of the critical biochemical parameters of this model. These are the maximum rates of carboxylation (V(c,max)), whole-chain electron transport (J(max)), and triose-P utilization (V(TPU)). The effects of spatial variation in V(c,max,) J(max), and V(TPU) on estimation of leaf averages of these parameters from A-C(i) curves measured on a whole leaf have not been investigated. A mathematical model incorporating defined degrees of spatial variability in V(c,max) and J(max) was constructed. One hundred and ten theoretical leaves were simulated, each with the same average V(c,max) and J(max), but different coefficients of variation of the mean (CV(VJ)) and varying correlation between V(c,max) and J(max) (Omega). Additionally, the interaction of variation in V(c,max) and J(max) with heterogeneity in V(TPU), g(s), and light gradients within the leaf was also investigated. Transition from V(c,max)- to J(max)-limited photosynthesis in the A-C(i) curve was smooth in the most heterogeneous leaves, in contrast to a distinct inflection in the absence of heterogeneity. Spatial variability had little effect on the accuracy of estimation of V(c,max) and J(max) from A-C(i) curves when the two varied in concert (Omega = 1.0), but resulted in underestimation of both parameters when they varied independently (up to 12.5% in V(c,max) and 17.7% in J(max) at CV(VJ) = 50%; Omega = 0.3). Heterogeneity in V(TPU) also significantly affected parameter estimates, but effects of heterogeneity in g(s) or light gradients were comparatively small. If V(c,max) and J(max) derived from such heterogeneous leaves are used in models to project leaf photosynthesis, actual A is overestimated by up to 12% at the transition between V(c,max)- and J(max)-limited photosynthesis. This could have implications for both crop production and Earth system models, including projections of the effects of atmospheric change. PMID:18715955
Chen, Charles P; Zhu, Xin-Guang; Long, Stephen P
Application of the widely used Farquhar model of photosynthesis in interpretation of gas exchange data assumes that photosynthetic properties are homogeneous throughout the leaf. Previous studies showed that heterogeneity in stomatal conductance (gs) across a leaf could affect the shape of the measured leaf photosynthetic CO2 uptake rate (A) versus intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) response curve and, in turn, estimation of the critical biochemical parameters of this model. These are the maximum rates of carboxylation (Vc,max), whole-chain electron transport (Jmax), and triose-P utilization (VTPU). The effects of spatial variation in Vc,max, Jmax, and VTPU on estimation of leaf averages of these parameters from A-Ci curves measured on a whole leaf have not been investigated. A mathematical model incorporating defined degrees of spatial variability in Vc,max and Jmax was constructed. One hundred and ten theoretical leaves were simulated, each with the same average Vc,max and Jmax, but different coefficients of variation of the mean (CVVJ) and varying correlation between Vc,max and Jmax (?). Additionally, the interaction of variation in Vc,max and Jmax with heterogeneity in VTPU, gs, and light gradients within the leaf was also investigated. Transition from Vc,max- to Jmax-limited photosynthesis in the A-Ci curve was smooth in the most heterogeneous leaves, in contrast to a distinct inflection in the absence of heterogeneity. Spatial variability had little effect on the accuracy of estimation of Vc,max and Jmax from A-Ci curves when the two varied in concert (? = 1.0), but resulted in underestimation of both parameters when they varied independently (up to 12.5% in Vc,max and 17.7% in Jmax at CVVJ = 50%; ? = 0.3). Heterogeneity in VTPU also significantly affected parameter estimates, but effects of heterogeneity in gs or light gradients were comparatively small. If Vc,max and Jmax derived from such heterogeneous leaves are used in models to project leaf photosynthesis, actual A is overestimated by up to 12% at the transition between Vc,max- and Jmax-limited photosynthesis. This could have implications for both crop production and Earth system models, including projections of the effects of atmospheric change. PMID:18715955
Chen, Charles P.; Zhu, Xin-Guang; Long, Stephen P.
A Multiple Parameters Biodosimetry Tool with Various Blood Cell Counts - the Hemodose Approach
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
There continue to be important concerns about the possibility of the occurrence of acute radiation syndromes following nuclear and radiological terrorism or accidents that may result in mass casualties in densely populated areas. To guide medical personnel in their clinical decisions for effective medical management and treatment of the exposed individuals, biological markers are usually applied to examine radiation induced biological changes to assess the severity of radiation injury to sensitive organ systems. Among these the peripheral blood cell counts are widely used to assess the extent of radiation induced bone marrow injury. This is due to the fact that the hematopoietic system is the most vulnerable part of the human body to radiation damage. Particularly, the lymphocyte, granulocyte, and platelet cells are the most radiosensitive of the blood elements, and monitoring their changes after exposure is regarded as a practical and recommended laboratory test to estimate radiation dose and injury. Based upon years of physiological and pathophysiological investigation of mammalian hematopoietic systems, and rigorous coarse-grained bio-mathematical modeling and validation on species from mouse, to dog, monkey, and human, we have developed a set of software tools Hemodose, which can use single or serial granulocyte, lymphocyte, leukocyte, or platelet counts after exposure to estimate absorbed doses of adult victims very rapidly and accurately. Some patient data from historical accidents are utilized as examples to demonstrate the capabilities of these tools as a rapid point-of-care diagnostic or centralized high-throughput assay system in a large-scale radiological disaster scenario. Most significant to the improvement of national and local preparedness of a potential nuclear/radiological disaster, this HemoDose approach establishes robust correlations between the absorbed doses and victim's various types of blood cell counts not only in the early time window (1 or 2 days), but also in the very late phase (up to 4 weeks) after exposure.
Hu, Shaowen
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Low level laser therapy (LLLT) has been used for inflammation treatment. Here, we evaluate the effect of different doses, using continuous (830 and 980 nm) and pulsed illumination (830 nm), in the treatment of inflammation induced in the gastrocnemius muscle of Wistar rats, through cytokines concentration in systemic blood and histological analysis of muscle tissue. Animals were randomly divided into five groups per wavelength (5 animals per group: 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mW) plus a control group. LLLT was applied during five days, with constant exposure time and irradiated area (3 minutes; 0.5026 cm2). Blood was collected on days 0, 3 and 6. TNF-?, IL-1?, IL-2 and IL-6 cytokines were quantified by ELISA. Rats were killed on day 6. Muscle inflammatory cells were counted using optical microscopy. Treatment effects occurred for all applied doses (largest effect at 40 mW: 7.2 J, 14 J/cm2 per irradiation), with reduction of proinflammatory TNF-?, IL-1? and IL-6 cytokines and lower number of inflammatory cells. Results were better for 830 nm. Identical methodology was used with pulsed illumination. Average power (40 mW) and duty cycle were kept constant (80%) at five frequencies (5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 Hz). Treatment effects were observed at higher frequencies, with no significant differences between them. However, the treatment effect was lower than for continuous illumination. LLLT effect on inflammation treatment can be monitored by measuring systemic blood cytokines. A larger treatment effect was observed with continuous illumination, where results seem to be compatible with a biphasic dose response.
Mantineo, Matias; Pinheiro, Jo�o. P.; Morgado, Ant�nio M.
Biochemical changes in humans upon exposure to sulfuric acid aerosol and exercise. Research report
A total of 18 human subjects were exposed to ambient air for four hours on the first day of exposure and to four hours of 100 micrograms\\/cu. m. (0.033 micromole) sulfuric acid aerosol exposed to four hours of ambient air on both exposure days. Six biochemical blood parameters were measured pre and post exposure: glutathione, lysozyme, glutathione reductase, serum glutamic
S. Chaney; W. Blomquist; K. Muller; G. Goldstein
A total of 18 human subjects were exposed to ambient air for four hours on the first day of exposure and to four hours of 100 micrograms/cu. m. (0.033 micromole) sulfuric acid aerosol exposed to four hours of ambient air on both exposure days. Six biochemical blood parameters wer...
The study evaluated the effect of sulfuric acid aerosol exposure for 2 consecutive days on seven human biochemical blood parameters. A total of 20 human subjects were exposed to 100 micrograms per cu. m. sulfuric acid aerosol for 4 hr/day for 2 consecutive days. A total of 17 hum...
We analyzed associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms rsl13004520 (R247T), rs11562975 (L250L), rs7593557 (S419N), rs11563208 (I1016I), and rs11563071 (V1058V) of the cold receptor TRPM8 (2q37.1) gene with blood plasma lipids and anthropometric parameters in Russian population (randomly chosen residents of Novosibirsk: 507 women and 459 men, mean age 57 years). The studied polymorphisms are localized in regions encoding NH2-terminal (R247T, L250L, S419N) and COOH-terminal (I1016I, V1058V) cytoplasmic domains of the channel. We showed association of single nucleotide polymorphism V1058V with the levels of total cholesterol and LDL and HDL cholesterol, and association of I1016I polymorphism with triglyceride content. Polymorphisms L250L and S419N correlated with anthropometric parameters (body mass index and waist and hip circumferences). PMID:25348565
Potapova, T A; Babenko, V N; Kobzev, V F; Romashchenko, A G; Maksimov, V N; Voevoda, M I
Adrenal function, blood metabolites, hematological parameters, growth, and carcass characteristics were compared in tropically-adapted (Brahman,) intermediate (Bonsmara and Bonsmara X Angus crossbred,) and temperate (Angus; n=10 each) beef steers...
Jacobs Hollenbeck, Regina
Background: Asthma is a common condition in general medical practice, and it accounts for about 1% of all ambulatory hospital visits. Nowadays, hospitalization rates for asthma have actually been increased in some demographic subgroups despite recent advances in treatment. Understanding the underlying factors that contribute to hospitalization and especially duration of the hospitalization of asthmatics could help elucidate the recent rise in morbidity and also reduce the high demand on health care systems of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors affecting the duration of hospitalization for Iranian patients with asthma. Methods: This study was conducted on 55 asthmatic patients (diagnosis of asthma was in accordance with the criteria of the American Thoracic Society). The study was performed on patients hospitalized in Rasoul-e-Akram hospital in Tehran, Iran during the period 2005-2006. During hospitalization, the patients� most common complaints were recorded as the symptoms and signs of the medical condition, results of physical examinations, spirometry, arterial blood gas analysis (ABG), and ICU admission. Results: There were 18(32.7%) male and 37(67.3%) female patients with a mean age of 54.96 (SD=17.54) years. The mean duration of hospitalization was 8.31(SD=4.69) days that ranged between 2 and 23 days. The mean baseline arterial PH (p=0.039, RPearso = -0.362), baseline arterial [HCO3] (p=0.042, RPearson = 0.361), changes of FEV1 after bronchodilator (p=0.041, RPearson= -0.363) and patient's age (p=0.002, RPearson=0.0433) were determined as factors affecting duration of hospitalization. Conclusion: Our results showed that more attention needs to be given to the findings of arterial blood gas and spirometry which can potentially affect the duration of hospitalization of asthmatic patients.
Mousavi, Seyed Ali Javad; Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad; Khalili, Neda; Naghavi, Malihe; Yahyazadeh, Hooman
The validity of various haematological parameters as indicators of blood lead concentration and lead poisoning in the black duck (Anas rubripes) is discussed. Elevated (> 40 microg dl(-1)) blood lead (PbB) levels were recorded in 41% of the 229 wild birds examined. No correlation was found between PbB concentration and haematocrit. Zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) was positively correlated with PbB. Haemoglobin, delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALA-d) activity and non-activated/activated ALA-d ratios were negatively correlated with PbB. The minimum PbB levels at which these parameters were affected varied greatly. ZPP and haemoglobin were relatively insensitive to PbB concentrations; whilst ALA-d activity and ALA-d ratio were influenced by PbB concentrations of < 5 microg dl(-1). Log(10) ALA-d ratio was more strongly correlated with PbB (r = -0.953) than log(10) ALA-d activity (r = -0.914) and the predictive validity (% false -ve and +ve predictions) of the ratio method was higher. The high individual variability in ALA-d activities at low PbB levels was greatly reduced by the use of the ALA-d ratio method. The ALA-d ratio method proved the most efficient for screening black duck for lead poisoning in the field. PMID:15092391
Pain, D J
The experiment was designed to study the changes in some blood parameters and production performance of old laying hens after injection of different doses of growth hormone (GH) and testosterone (Ts). A total of 160 old laying hens (HyLine W-36) at 73 weeks of age were weighed individually and randomly allocated to four treatments with four replicates and 10 birds in each replicate in a completely randomized design. Growth hormone and Ts hormones were injected subcutaneously. Treatment groups were as follows: treatment 1: injection of 100 ?l distiled water (control group), treatment 2: injection of 500 ?g Ts/kg live-weight + 50 ?gGH/kg live-weight, treatment 3: injection of 500 ?gTs/kg live-weight + 100 ?gGH/kg live-weight and treatment 4: injection of 500 ?gTs/kg live-weight + 150 ?gGH/kg live-weight. Plasma levels of oestradiol, T4 , LDL, HDL and cholesterol significantly increased in treatment 3 in relation to the control group. All injected hens showed significantly higher levels of glucose in relation to control group. The results showed the positive effects of GH and Ts administration on production performance and blood parameters which are associated with egg production potentiality and in turn may improve reproductivity (egg production) in old laying hens. The positive results of the study may be useful in animal selection and breeding programmes. PMID:23808354
Mohammadi, H; Ansari-Pirsaraei, Z
This study aims to detect the antischistosomal properties of the plants' Chenopodium ambrosioides, Conyza dioscorides and Sesbania sesban methanol extract against Schistosoma mansoni in infected mice, including determination of total protein and albumin levels and the activities of alanine and aspartate transaminases (AlT, AsT) and acid and alkaline phosphatases (AcP and AkP) enzymes in the serum of infected treated mice. Male Swiss albino mice were infected with S. mansoni and orally treated with methanol extract of the plants C. ambrosioides (1250 mg/kg/day), C. dioscorides and S. sesban (1000 mg/kg/day from each) for 2 consecutive days 7 weeks post infection (PI). In addition, treatment of mice with the tested dose of each plant extract was successively done (i.e. the 1st extract followed by the 2nd and 3rd one with an hour interval). Parasitological and biochemical parameters were assessed. Nine weeks PI, the reduction rates of worm load/mouse treated with either C. dioscorides (1000 mg/kg), C. ambrosioides (1250 mg/kg) or S. sesban (1000 mg/kg) were 40.9%, 53.7% and 54.4%, respectively. Successive treatment raised the reduction rates of worm load/mouse to 66.3% and the ova/g tissue in liver to 76.9%. Moreover, serum total protein and albumin levels and activities of AlT, Ast, AcP and AkP enzymes of infected treated mice were improved in comparison with those of infected untreated ones. It is concluded that administration of C. dioscorides, C. ambrosioides and S. sesban methanol extract to infected mice exhibited a moderate antischistosomal effect. Successive treatment improved the antischistosomal properties of these plant species, hence ameliorated the liver functions of treated mice that may suggest degenerations of liver granulomas and regenerative changes. PMID:21740980
Kamel, E G; El-Emam, M A; Mahmoud, S S M; Fouda, F M; Bayaumy, F E
The aim of this study was to assess the potential subacute toxicity of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) in Wistar rats in comparison with reference toxicant, zinc chloride (ZnCl2), of a non-nanoparticulate form. We therefore studied the relationships between zinc (Zn) accumulation, liver and kidney trace element levels, and plasmatic biochemical parameters. Rats in all groups were treated by intraperitoneal injection of ZnO NPs and/or ZnCl2 solution (25 mg/kg) every other day for 10 days. The contents of trace element in the liver and kidney were slightly modulated after ZnO NPs and/or ZnCl2 solution exposure. The same treatment increased the aspartate aminotransferase activity and uric acid concentration. However, ZnO NPs or ZnCl2 solution decreased the creatinine levels, whereas the combined intake of ZnO NPs and ZnCl2 decreased the glucose concentration. Interestingly, the analysis of the lyophilized powder of liver using the x-ray diffractometer showed the degradation of ZnO NPs in ZnO-treated group, instead there is a lack of NPs ZnO biosynthesis from the ZnCl2 solution injected in rats. These investigations suggest that combined injection of ZnO NPs and ZnCl2 solution has a possible toxic effect in rats. This effect could be related to Zn(2+) ion release and accumulation of this element in organs. Our findings provide crucial information that ZnO appeared to be absorbed in the organs in an ionic form rather than in a particulate form. PMID:24501101
Amara, S; Slama, I Ben; Mrad, I; Rihane, N; Khemissi, W; El Mir, L; Rhouma, K Ben; Abdelmelek, H; Sakly, M
Dopamine-?-hydroxylase (DBH) is a neurotransmitter (catecholamine)-mediating enzyme, which catalyzes the formation of norepinephrine from dopamine. The levels of DBH activity, its coenzyme (ascorbic acid) and cofactor (Cu(++)) and other biochemical parameters were measured in the serum of 32 arsenicosis patients of Bangladesh at three different age groups, namely, group 1 (10-18 years, 9 patients), group 2 (19-40 years, 14 patients) and group 3 (41-70 years, 9 patients) of the locality of Stadium Para of Meherpur district of Bangladesh. The values were compared with the same number of age-matched normal healthy individuals of the respective group. DBH activity was markedly decreased in the patients of group 1 as compared to that of the normal healthy people. The activities of DBH were decreased to lesser extents for the other two age groups. The total protein contents in the serum of arsenicosis patients were also significantly low as compared to that in the age-matched control groups. The levels of ascorbic acid and copper were found to be decreased in the serum of arsenicosis patients. The serum glucose levels were elevated in arsenicosis patients, as compared to that of the respective healthy controls. Other parameters, such as zinc and vitamin A levels were also decreased in the serum of arsenicosis patients. It was evident from the results of drinking of the arsenic contaminated water of shallow tube wells that the levels of DBH activity decreased significantly as compared to the control healthy persons. The levels of proteins, ascorbic acid, copper, zinc and vitamin A were decreased in the serum of people drinking the arsenic contaminated tube wells water as compared to that in the control healthy people with the exception that the levels of glucose were elevated in the serum of these patients. The pathophysiological significance of the results could be correlated with the decreased in proteins and that in DBH activities as DBH deficiency is characterized by lack of sympathetic noradrenergic function.The general physiologic findings of autonomic function indicate that complete DBH deficiency include minimal or absent plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine. PMID:24711750
Rahman, M Khalilur; Choudhary, M Iqbal; Arif, M; Morshed, M Monzur
Dopamine-?-hydroxylase (DBH) is a neurotransmitter (catecholamine)-mediating enzyme, which catalyzes the formation of norepinephrine from dopamine. The levels of DBH activity, its coenzyme (ascorbic acid) and cofactor (Cu++) and other biochemical parameters were measured in the serum of 32 arsenicosis patients of Bangladesh at three different age groups, namely, group 1 (10�18 years, 9 patients), group 2 (19�40 years, 14 patients) and group 3 (41�70 years, 9 patients) of the locality of Stadium Para of Meherpur district of Bangladesh. The values were compared with the same number of age-matched normal healthy individuals of the respective group. DBH activity was markedly decreased in the patients of group 1 as compared to that of the normal healthy people. The activities of DBH were decreased to lesser extents for the other two age groups. The total protein contents in the serum of arsenicosis patients were also significantly low as compared to that in the age-matched control groups. The levels of ascorbic acid and copper were found to be decreased in the serum of arsenicosis patients. The serum glucose levels were elevated in arsenicosis patients, as compared to that of the respective healthy controls. Other parameters, such as zinc and vitamin A levels were also decreased in the serum of arsenicosis patients. It was evident from the results of drinking of the arsenic contaminated water of shallow tube wells that the levels of DBH activity decreased significantly as compared to the control healthy persons. The levels of proteins, ascorbic acid, copper, zinc and vitamin A were decreased in the serum of people drinking the arsenic contaminated tube wells water as compared to that in the control healthy people with the exception that the levels of glucose were elevated in the serum of these patients. The pathophysiological significance of the results could be correlated with the decreased in proteins and that in DBH activities as DBH deficiency is characterized by lack of sympathetic noradrenergic function.The general physiologic findings of autonomic function indicate that complete DBH deficiency include minimal or absent plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine. PMID:24711750
Rahman, M. Khalilur; Choudhary, M. Iqbal; Arif, M.; Morshed, M. Monzur
In the presented study the influence of stress and environmental factors on selected haematological and blood-chemical parameters in racing pigeons was examined. Blood was taken at three defined days and haematological as well as blood-chemical parameters of clinical relevance were determined. In comparison to reference values published for pigeons, the majority of the values obtained in this study were within physiological borders. The daily handling of the pigeons did not have any significant effect on the examined parameters. Also the heterophile/lymphocyte ratio did not show any changes characteristic of a stress reaction. In contrast, after change of the housing dies with pigeons originating normally from a flock, the first blood sampling should be performed after a 4 or 5-day lasting period of acclimatisation to the the individual housing conditions. PMID:17078530
Krautwald-Junghanns, M E; Bartels, T; Richter, A; Pees, M
Data concerning the effects of phthalate exposure on preterm delivery and fetal growth are limited in humans. In this paper, we assessed the relationship between 15 phthalate levels in cord blood and preterm delivery and fetal growth parameters in 207 Chinese women going into labor. Exposure to phthalates except DCHP was associated with gestational age reduction and preterm delivery (p<0.05). There were associations between phthalates and fetal growth parameters, many of which disappeared when analyses were adjusted for gestational age, especially in male infants (Only DEEP was associated with birth weight; DEP, DNHP, BBP, DNP with abdominal circumference; DEP, DBP, DCHP, DEHP with femur length in female infants. And DPP, DBEP was associated with birth length in male infants. p<0.05). This study indicates that prenatal exposure to phthalates is associated with younger gestational age and preterm delivery. Also, phthalate exposure may adversely affect fetal growth parameters via gestational age reduction and preterm delivery with a significant gender effect. PMID:24503621
Huang, Yujing; Li, Junnan; Garcia, Jose M.; Lin, Hui; Wang, Yanzhou; Yan, Ping; Wang, Lingqiao; Tan, Yao; Luo, Jiaohua; Qiu, Zhiqun; Chen, Ji-an; Shu, Weiqun
Over 2 years, 32 beef cows nursing calves in southwest Arkansas were randomly selected from a herd of 120 that were managed in six groups and were assigned to six 5.1-ha bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.) pastures. Treatments were assigned to pastures (two pastures/treatment) and cows had ad libitum access to one of three free-choice minerals: (1) no supplemental selenium (Se), (2) 26 mg of supplemental Se from sodium selenite per kilogram, and (3) 26 mg of supplemental Se from seleno-yeast per kilogram (designed mineral intake?=?113 g/cow daily). Data were analyzed using a mixed model; year and pasture were the random effects and treatment was the fixed effect. At the beginning of the calving and breeding seasons, cows supplemented with Se had greater (P?0.01) whole blood Se concentration (WBSe) and glutathione peroxidase activities (GSH-Px) than cows receiving no supplemental Se; cows fed seleno-yeast had greater (P???0.05) WBSe than cows fed sodium selenite, but GSH-Px did not differ (P???0.25) between the two sources. At birth and near peak lactation (late May), calves from cows supplemented with Se had greater (P?0.01) WBSe than calves from cows fed no Se and calves from cows fed seleno-yeast had greater (P???0.01) WBSe and GSH-Px than calves from cows fed sodium selenite. Thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and the T4:T3 ratio in calves did not differ among treatments (P???0.35). At birth, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was greater (P?=?0.02) in calves nursing cows with no supplemental Se than in ones with supplemental Se; in calves nursing cows with supplemental sodium selenite, IGF-1 did not differ (P?=?0.96) from ones offered supplemental seleno-yeast. Selenium supplementation of gestating beef cows benefited cows and calves by increasing WBSe and GSH-Px. The use of seleno-yeast as a Se supplement compared to sodium selenite increased the WBSe of both cows and their calves without affecting the T4 to T3 conversion or IGF-1 concentrations. PMID:23381681
Gunter, Stacey A; Beck, Paul A; Hallford, Dennis M
Jatropha platyphylla is a multipurpose and drought-resistant shrub, available in Mexico, locally known as 'sangregrado' and belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. Its seeds are rich in oil and protein and do not contain the main toxin, phorbol esters present in other Jatropha species. Jatropha platyphylla kernel meal (JPKM) obtained after oil extraction contained 70-75% crude protein (CP); however, it contained phytate, lectin and trypsin-inhibitor. The levels of essential amino acids (except lysine) were higher in JPKM than in soybean meal (SBM). Using Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings a 12-week experiment was conducted to evaluate the nutritional quality of the heated JPKM and compare with that of SBM and fishmeal. Fingerlings (15 fish; average weight 13.7 � 0.21g) were randomly distributed in three treatment groups with five replicates. Fish were fed three isonitrogenous diets (CP 36%): control diet containing fishmeal-based protein and two other diets replacing 62.5% fishmeal protein with JPKM (Jatropha group) and SBM (Soybean group). The growth performance, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, protein productive and energy retention did not differ significantly among the three groups. A lower apparent lipid conversion was observed in the plant protein-fed group than in the control group. RBC count, haematocrit and blood glucose contents were higher in plant-protein fed groups than control group. Other haematological parameters (WBC count, haemoglobin, mean cell volume: calcium and sodium ions, total bilirubin and urea-nitrogen in the blood) and metabolic enzymes (alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase) activities in blood did not differ significantly among the three groups. The results from the present study established that JPKM is a promising and good quality protein source for Nile tilapia feed. PMID:21410563
Akinleye, A O; Kumar, V; Makkar, H P S; Angulo-Escalante, M A; Becker, K
The porcine response to Salmonella infection is critical for control of Salmonella fecal shedding and the establishment of Salmonella carrier status. In this study, 40 crossbred pigs were intranasally inoculated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella Typhimurium) and monitored for Salmonella fecal shedding and blood immune parameters at 2, 7, 14 and 20 days post-inoculation (dpi). Using a multivariate permutation test, a positive correlation was observed between Salmonella Typhimurium shedding levels at 2 and 7dpi and serum interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) levels at 2dpi (p<0.05), with Salmonella being shed in greater numbers from animals with higher IFNgamma levels. A positive correlation was also observed between IFNgamma levels and the number of banded neutrophils (2dpi), circulating neutrophils (7 and 14dpi), monocytes (7dpi), and white blood cells (WBCs) (7, 14 and 20dpi). We have further performed association studies on these immune response parameters as well as shedding status of the Salmonella-infected pigs with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the porcine gene CCT7, previously shown by our group to be transcriptionally up-regulated in swine experimentally inoculated with Salmonella Typhimurium. Our analyses with the 40 pigs suggest a positive association (p=0.0012) of SNP genotype A/G at position AK240296.c1153G>A of the CCT7 gene with Salmonella shedding at 7dpi compared to the G/G homozygote genotype. Linking specific genes and genetic polymorphisms with the porcine immune response to Salmonella infection and shedding may identify potential markers for carrier pigs as well as targets for disease diagnosis, intervention and prevention. PMID:18996651
Uthe, J J; Wang, Y; Qu, L; Nettleton, D; Tuggle, C K; Bearson, S M D
The study was carried out to detect Theileria annulata, the causative agent of theileriosis, and Babesia bovis, the causative agent for babesiosis, in Friesian cattle by PCR and conventional blood smear examination. One hundred blood\\u000a samples obtained from diseased Friesian cattle kept on private livestock farms at Pattoki, District Kasur, Pakistan were collected\\u000a in addition to 20 blood samples obtained
A. Z. Durrani; N. Kamal
The SERPINE1 (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E, member 1) gene, better known by its previous symbol PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1), has been associated with cardiovascular phenotypes with differing results. Our aim was to examine the association between the rs6950982 (G�>�A) near the SERPINE1 gene, blood pressure (BP) and plasma lipid concentrations as well as the modulation of the polymorphism effects by adherence to Mediterranean diet (AMD). We studied 945 high-cardiovascular-risk subjects. Biochemical, clinical, dietary and genetic data (rs6950982) were obtained. We also determined the common rs1799768 (4G/5G), for checking independent effects. AMD was measured by a validated questionnaire, and four groups were considered. rs6950982 (A�>�G) and rs1799768 (4G/5G) were only in moderate-low linkage disequilibrium (D'�=�0.719; r (2)�=�0.167). The most significant associations we obtained were with rs6950982 (A�>�G). In males, the G allele was nominally associated with higher diastolic BP (AA: 81.5���10.9, AG: 82.1���11.4, GG: 85.7���10.5�mmHg; P additive�=�0.030) and systolic BP (AA�+�AG: 141.4���6.9�mmHg vs. GG: 149.8���8.0�mmHg; P recessive�=�0.036). In the whole population, the rs6950982 was also associated with plasma lipids. Subject with the G allele presented higher total cholesterol (P additive�=�0.016, P recessive�=�0.011), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P additive�=�0.032, P recessive�=�0.031) and triglycerides (P additive�=�0.040, P recessive�=�0.029). AMD modulated the effect of rs6950982 on triglyceride concentrations (P for interaction�=�0.036). Greater AMD reduced the higher triglyceride concentrations in GG subjects. No significant interactions were found for the other parameters. The rs6950982 was associated with higher BP in men and higher triglycerides in the whole population, this association being modulated by AMD. PMID:23225235
Sotos-Prieto, Mercedes; Guill�n, Marisa; Portol�s, Olga; Sorl�, Jos� V; Gonz�lez, Jos� I; Asensio, Eva M; Corella, Dolores
Effects of electromagnetic energy radiated from mobile phones (MPs) on heart is one of the research interests. The current study was designed to investigate the effects of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from third-generation (3G) MP on the heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and ECG parameters and also to investigate whether exogenous melatonin can exert any protective effect on these parameters. In this study 36 rats were randomized and evenly categorized into 4 groups: group 1 (3G-EMR exposed); group 2 (3G-EMR exposed + melatonin); group 3 (control) and group 4 (control + melatonin). The rats in groups 1 and 2 were exposed to 3G-specific MP's EMR for 20 days (40 min/day; 20 min active (speech position) and 20 min passive (listening position)). Group 2 was also administered with melatonin for 20 days (5 mg/kg daily during the experimental period). ECG signals were recorded from cannulated carotid artery both before and after the experiment, and BP and HR were calculated on 1st, 3rd and 5th min of recordings. ECG signals were processed and statistically evaluated. In our experience, the obtained results did not show significant differences in the BP, HR and ECG parameters among the groups both before and after the experiment. Melatonin, also, did not exhibit any additional effects, neither beneficial nor hazardous, on the heart hemodynamics of rats. Therefore, the strategy (noncontact) of using a 3G MP could be the reason for ineffectiveness; and use of 3G MP, in this perspective, seems to be safer compared to the ones used in close contact with the head. However, further study is needed for standardization of such an assumption. PMID:21996712
Colak, Cengiz; Parlakpinar, Hakan; Ermis, Necip; Tagluk, Mehmet Emin; Colak, Cemil; Sarihan, Ediz; Dilek, Omer Faruk; Turan, Bahadir; Bakir, Sevtap; Acet, Ahmet
Biochemical effects of Citrullus colocynthis in normal and diabetic rats.
Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common endocrine diseases. In UAE many traditional plants such as the Citrullus colocynthis (Handal) are used as antidiabetic remedies. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the aqueous extract of the seed of C. colocynthis on the biochemical parameters of normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intraperitoneal (60 mg/kg body wt1) injection of STZ. Normal and diabetic rats were fed with the plant extract daily by oral intubation for 2 weeks. Blood sample were collected at the beginning and end of the experiment for the measurement of biochemical parameters. The plasma level of alanine aminotranferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) increased significantly after the onset of diabetes. Oral administration of the plant extract reduced the plasma level of AST and LDH significantly. However, the plant extract failed to reduce the increased blood level of GGT and ALP in diabetic rats. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increased significantly after the onset of diabetes. No significant difference was observed in the blood creatinine, K+, Na+, Ca2+ and P levels of normal and diabetic rats. The plant extract did not have any effect on BUN level, however, it caused an increase in the level of K+, Na+ in diabetic rats. In conclusion, oral administration of the aqueous extract of the C. colocynthis can ameliorate some of the toxic effects of streptozotocin. PMID:15362497
Al-Ghaithi, Fatma; El-Ridi, Mamdouh R; Adeghate, Ernest; Amiri, Mohamed H
The physiological and biochemical characteristics of seedlings of Descurainia sophia (Fisch.) and Lepidium apetalum Wild. have been used as examples to demonstrate that long-term exposure of plant populations to environmental stress factors\\u000a causes adaptive changes in antioxidant and genomic systems that may considerably affect the radioresistance of seed progeny.\\u000a The resistance to additional acute irradiation of seed progeny of wild
I. A. Prokop�ev; A. N. Zhuravskaya; G. V. Filippova
Four standardbred horses with subcutaneously relocated carotid arteries were given a seven week training programme of treadmill exercise at a gradient of 19 per cent in order to assess if there were any effects of exercise and training on haematology, arterial blood gas and acid base measurements, plasma biochemistry and heart rate. The exercise consisted of one minute walking at
RJ Rose; JR Allen; JH Stewart; W Chan
Abstract Background. Suitable procedures for transport of blood samples from general practitioners to hospital laboratories are requested. Here we explore routine testing on samples stored and transported as whole blood in lithium-heparin or serum tubes. Methods. Blood samples were collected from 106 hospitalized patients, and analyzed on Architect c8000 or Advia Centaur XP for 35 analytes at base line, and after storage and transport of whole blood in lithium-heparin or serum tubes at 21 � 1�C for 10 h. Bias and imprecision (representing variation from analysis and storage) were calculated from values at baseline and after storage, and differences tested by paired t-tests. Results were compared to goals set by the laboratory. Results. We observed no statistically significant bias and results within the goal for imprecision between baseline samples and 10-h samples for albumin, alkaline phosphatase, antitrypsin, bilirubin, creatinine, free triiodothyronine, ?-glutamyl transferase, haptoglobin, immunoglobulin G, lactate dehydrogenase, prostate specific antigen, total carbon dioxide, and urea. Alanine aminotransferase, amylase, C-reactive protein, calcium, cholesterol, creatine kinase, ferritin, free thyroxine, immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin M, orosomucoid, sodium, transferrin, and triglycerides met goals for imprecision, though they showed a minor, but statistically significant bias in results after storage. Cobalamin, folate, HDL-cholesterol, iron, phosphate, potassium, thyroid stimulating hormone and urate warranted concern, but only folate and phosphate showed deviations of clinical importance. Conclusions. We conclude that whole blood in lithium-heparin or serum tubes stored for 10 h at 21 � 1�C, may be used for routine analysis without restrictions for all investigated analytes but folate and phosphate. PMID:24988314
Henriksen, Linda O; Faber, Nina R; Moller, Mette F; Nexo, Ebba; Hansen, Annebirthe B
Blood samples and physiological data were collected from 634 bighorn sheep captured between 1980 and 1986 in the western United States. Bighorn sheep were evaluated for physio- logical parameters (temperature, pulse and respiration), selected biochemical parameters (cortisol, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), lactic dehydro- genase (LDH), alkaline phosphotase (AP), potassium, sodium, chloride, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN),
Michael D. Kock; David A. Jessup; Richard K. Clark; Charles E. Franti
In this study, comparing four different parameters in women with surgical menopause because of ovariectomy in reproductive age and in women with natural menopause, the effect of withdrawal of ovarian hormones on both groups was investigated. The patient groups in this study were constituted of 100 women in reproductive age who had undergone total abdominal hysterectomy + bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and 50 women with natural menopause referred to out-patient's clinic within the same period. The findings for four different parameters were recorded one day before the surgery and at 3rd month post-operatively in surgical menopause group and at the day of referral to outpatient clinic in natural menopause group. The parameters planned to be recorded were blood lipid profile, thrombotic system, arterial elasticity and psychosexual variations. Post-operative high-density lipoprotein level in surgical menopause group was found lower than that of natural menopause group (47.08 vs 52.44 mg/dL, P < 0.05). Post-operative very low density lipoprotein level in surgical menopause group was increased more than that in natural menopause group (27.74 vs 23.58 mg/dL, P < 0.05). An increase was observed in post-operative carotid artery Pulsality Index and Resistive Index levels of surgical menopause group compared with natural menopause group (1.44 vs 1.33, P < 0.001 and 0.73 vs 0.68, P < 0.001 respectively). In surgical menopause group, the differences between pre- and post-operative values of bleeding time (1.15 vs 1.24, P < 0.0001), clotting time (5.9 vs 6.08, P < 0.0001) and fibrinogen level (422 vs 395, P < 0.0001) were found statistically significant. While bleeding time and clotting time were increased post-operatively, fibrinogen level was decreased. A significant increase was observed in post-operative mean Kupperman Index levels of surgical menopause group compared with that of natural menopause group (23.89 vs 9.94, P < 0.001). It was concluded that the ovaries should be considered as important organs impacting women's quality of life with their hormones produced also in the period of menopause; that disadvantages of oophorectomy during hysterectomy should be considered and that an attempt to conserve ovaries during surgery except pre-cancerous events would benefit women. PMID:20522080
Tuna, Volkan; Alki?, Ismet; Safiye, Akansu Saylik; Imamoglu, Nilufer; Bayram, Nebahat; Ali Ismet, Tekirdag
We sought to develop a predictive method, based on the integration of blood parameters found to be significantly associated with thrombosis and progression of atherosclerosis, that would be more accurate than primary reliance on elevation of separate risk factors. The study involved 1,034 male subjects. Lipid profiles and fibrinogen levels were determined for 123 men with documented clinical atherosclerosis and
Alexander Kaplan; Svetlana Kaplan; Karen F. Marcoe; Lester R. Sauvage; William P. Hammond
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The cardiopulmonary affects and the affects on muscular microperfusion of the beta adrenergic agonist, clenbuterol (0.8 mcg/kg intravenously), were investigated in dorsally recumbent anesthetized ponies. Muscle microcirculation was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry, utilizing fine optical fiber probes. Other measurements included heart rate, cardiac output, arterial blood pressure, and arterial blood gas tensions. Clenbuterol injection caused a regular, but transitory rise in muscle microcirculation, an increase in heart rate, and cardiac output and a decrease in mean arterial blood pressure. Clenbuterol did appear to prevent the continuing fall in arterial blood oxygen tensions seen in the treatment groups, but had only minimal affects in reversing the hypoxia already present.
Lee, Yong H.; Clarke, Kathleen W.; Alibhai, Hatim I. K.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Approximating expressions are derived to calculate spectral and spatial characteristics of diffuse reflection of light from a two-layer medium mimicking human skin. The effectiveness of the use of these expressions in the optical diagnosis of skin biophysical parameters (tissue scattering parameters, concentration of melanin in the epidermis, concentration of total haemoglobin and bilirubin in the tissues of the dermis) and content of haemoglobin derivatives in blood (oxy-, deoxy-, met-, carboxy- and sulfhaemoglobin) is analysed numerically. The methods are proposed to determine in realtime these parameters without contact of the measuring instrument with the patient's body.
Lisenko, S. A.; Kugeiko, M. M.
Blood metabolic parameters of Walker-256 tumour-bearing rats, on days 5, 8, 11 and 14 after implantation of tumour, were compared with those of rats without tumour fed ad libitum (free-fed control) or with reduced feeding (pair-fed control), similar to the anorexic tumour-bearing rats. Cachexia parameters and tumour mass also were investigated. In general, especially on day 14 after implantation of tumour, there was reduction of body mass, gastrocnemius muscle mass, food intake and glycemia and increase of blood triacylglycerol, free fatty acids, lactate and urea, compared with free-fed controls rats. These changes did not occur in pair-fed control, except a slight reduction of glycemia. Pair-fed control showed no significant changes in blood cholesterol and glycerol in comparison with free-fed control, although there was reduction of cholesterol and increase of blood glycerol on day 14 after tumour implantation compared with pair-fed control. The results demonstrate that, besides the characteristic signs of the cachexia syndrome such as anorexia, weight loss and muscle catabolism, Walker-256 tumour-bearing rats show several blood metabolic alterations, some of which begin as early as day 5 after implantation of tumour, and are accentuated during the development of cachexia. Evidence that the alterations of blood metabolic parameters of tumour-bearing rats were not found in pair-fed control indicate that they were not caused by decreased food intake. These changes were probably mediated by factors produced by tumour or host tissue in response to the presence of tumour. PMID:22179849
Cassolla, Priscila; Moreira, Carolina Campos Lima; Liboni, Tha�s Fernanda; Zaia, C�ssia Tha�s Bussamra Vieira; Borba-Murad, Glaucia Regina; Bazotte, Roberto Barbosa; de Souza, Helenir Medri
The aim of the present study was to compare the impact on blood pressure and different metabolic parameters of a weight-loss program on obese dogs fed on a low-fat high-fibre diet and treated with and without mitratapide. The study sample consisted of 36 obese dogs, randomly assigned to a control group (n=17), which were fed on a low-fat high-fibre diet, and an intervention group (n=19), fed on the same diet and treated with mitratapide. Variables measured included body condition score, body weight, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures; total cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose levels; alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity, measured both at baseline (day 0) and at the end of the weight loss program (day 85). All the studied parameters had decreased in both groups at the end of the study; these being diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and alanine aminotransferase, significantly lower in dogs treated with mitratapide. The use of mitrapide in addition to low-fat high-fibre diet does not seem to offer any further useful effect in the loss of weight during the treatment of canine obesity. On the other hand, mitratapide seems to present certain beneficial effects on pathologies associated with obesity, these being mainly related to blood pressure, lipids and hepatic parameters. PMID:24920548
Pe�a, Cristina; Suarez, Lourdes; Bautista-Casta�o, Inmaculada; Juste, M Candelaria; Carret�n, Elena; Montoya-Alonso, Jos� Alberto
ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to compare the impact on blood pressure and different metabolic parameters of a weight-loss program on obese dogs fed on a low-fat high-fibre diet and treated with and without mitratapide. The study sample consisted of 36 obese dogs, randomly assigned to a control group (n=17), which were fed on a low-fat high-fibre diet, and an intervention group (n=19), fed on the same diet and treated with mitratapide. Variables measured included body condition score, body weight, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures; total cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose levels; alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activity, measured both at baseline (day 0) and at the end of the weight loss program (day 85). All the studied parameters had decreased in both groups at the end of the study; these being diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and alanine aminotransferase, significantly lower in dogs treated with mitratapide. The use of mitrapide in addition to low-fat high-fibre diet does not seem to offer any further useful effect in the loss of weight during the treatment of canine obesity. On the other hand, mitratapide seems to present certain beneficial effects on pathologies associated with obesity, these being mainly related to blood pressure, lipids and hepatic parameters. PMID:24920548
PENA, Cristina; SUAREZ, Lourdes; BAUTISTA-CASTANO, Inmaculada; JUSTE, M. Candelaria; CARRETON, Elena; MONTOYA-ALONSO, Jose Alberto
Breast cancer imprints from 93 patients were assayed for the presence of progesterone receptors (PgR) using a monoclonal antibody (Transbio) and an immunocytochemical assay (ICA) method which stains only the epithelial cell nuclei. Results were compared with conventional biochemical PgR determinations (DCCA) and were in qualitative agreement in 86% of the cases. Quantitative analyses were done on PgR-ICA- and Feulgen-stained imprints from 32 tumours using a SAMBA 2005 cell image processor. Results obtained showed a high correlation between DCCA values and the P product derived from the mean PgR concentration of marked tumour cells and the percentage of marked cells. Intra-tumoral and intra-cell heterogeneity were featured and showed relation to tumour differentiation and size. PMID:2484853
Seigneurin, D; Cohen, O; Louis, J
The effect of excretion-secretion products (ESP) of five abundant fouling invertebrate species (bivalve mollusks Hiatella arctica and Mytilus edulis, solitary ascidia Styela rustica, sponge Halichondria panicea, and sea starAsterias rubens, inhabiting the White Sea) on the biochemical status of blue mussel M. edulis was assessed by the dynamics of lysosomal enzymes activity (nucleases, glycoside hydrolases, and cathepsins). ESP of conspecific species had no effect on the metabolism of the mollusks of this species. ESP of A. rubens, S. rustica, and H. panicea activated the same enzymes. First, acid RNase and glycoside hydrolases activity increased, but in different ways. The metabolites of H. arctica affected the activity of proteometabolism enzymes. PMID:22292287
Skidchenko, V S; Vysotskaia, R U; Krupnova, M Iu; Khalaman, V V
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hormone therapy (HT) in the endothelial function of 46,XY disorders of sexual development (DSD) patients with female phenotype. Biochemical and ultrasound measurements were performed in 20 patients at initiation of oral 2?mg 17?-estradiol/1?mg norethisterone acetate, and after 6 months of therapy. Lipid profile, including total cholesterol (TC), LDL, HDL, triglycerides (TG) and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), as well as levels of VE-Cadherin, E-Selectin, Thrombomodulin and vWf were determined. Ultrasonographic examinations included evaluation of flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and measurement of Carotid and Femoral Intima Media Thickness (IMT). HT raised HDL (35.4?mg/dl versus 40.1?mg/dl, p?=?0.019) while lowering TG (166?mg/dl versus 109?mg/dl, p?=?0.026) and AIP (0.24 versus 0.04, p?=?0.007). No changes were noted in TC and LDL (215.7?mg/dl versus 192.25?mg/dl and 87.46?mg/dl versus 76.35?mg/dl, respectively). There was significant reduction of VE-Cadherin (4.05?ng/ml versus 2.20?ng/ml, p?=?0.002) and E-selectin (73.98?ng/ml versus 56.73?ng/ml, p?=?0.004). No change was observed in Thrombomodulin and vWf (11.76?ng/ml versus 13.90?ng/ml and 80.75% versus 79.55%, respectively). FMD improved significantly (5.4% versus 8.15%, p?=?0.003), while only carotid bulb IMT decreased significantly (0.65?mm versus 0.60?mm, p?=?0.018). Overall, HT was found to improve biochemical and ultrasound markers of endothelial function in 46,XY DSD patients with female phenotype. PMID:24911331
Tsimaris, Pantelis; Deligeoroglou, Efthimios; Athanasopoulos, Nikolaos; Economou, Emmanuel; Stamatelopoulos, Kimon; Rizos, Demetrios; Papamichael, Christos; Lambrinoudaki, Irene; Mastorakos, George; Creatsas, George
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in concentrations of the two Russian photosensitizers in blood plasma of patients under Photodynamic therapy. In this work were used two sensitizers of domestic production: Photohem (hematoporphyrin derivative) and Photosense (sulfonated aluminium phtalocyanine). It was found that one month after injection the concentrations of the photosensitizers in blood plasma remained high enough. Was shown alteration of level of apo-(beta) -lipoproteins oxidation and antioxidant activity of blood plasma under the influence of Photodynamic therapy.
Lubchenko, G. N.; Chichuk, Tatyana V.; Stranadko, Eugeny P.
To determine how parameters of a Farquhar-type photosynthesis model varied with measurement temperature and with growth temperature, eight cool and warm climate herbaceous crop and weed species were grown at 15 and 25C and single leaf carbon dioxide and water vapor exchange rates were measured over the range of 15 - 35C. Photosynthetic parameters examined were the initial slope of
James A. Bunce
Cadmium is a well-known human carcinogen and a potent nephrotoxin. Lipid peroxidation is involved in cadmium-related toxicity. Vitamin E and ?-carotene are effective antioxidants and free radical scavengers. Therefore, the present study was carried out to investigate the potential protective effects of vitamin E and ?-carotene alone or in combination against cadmium (Cd) toxicity. Cadmium chloride (CdCl2, 5 mg\\/kg BW,
Fatma M El-Demerdash; Mokhtar I Yousef; Fatma S Kedwany; Hoda H Baghdadi
Unification of some biochemical methods of research in the pre- and post-flight periods
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The biochemical methods for determination of various parameters and factors during pre- and post-flight periods, as used by American and Soviet teams dealing with space flight medicine are compared. The emphasis is on the exchange of information on the study of the blood and urine content of space travelers before and after space flight. A series of electrolytic, enzymatic, and hormonal factors is discussed.
Tigranyan, R. A.
Dietary supplementation with echium oil (EO) containing stearidonic acid (SDA) is a plant-based strategy to improve long-chain (LC) n-3 (?-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) status in humans. We investigated the effect of EO on LC n-3 PUFA accumulation in blood and biochemical markers with respect to age, sex, and metabolic syndrome. This double-blind, parallel-arm, randomized controlled study started with a 2-wk run-in period, during which participants (n = 80) were administered 17 g/d run-in oil. Normal-weight individuals from 2 age groups (20-35 and 49-69 y) were allotted to EO or fish oil (FO; control) groups. During the 8-wk intervention, participants were administered either 17 g/d EO (2 g SDA; n = 59) or FO [1.9 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA); n = 19]. Overweight individuals with metabolic syndrome (n = 19) were recruited for EO treatment only. During the 10-wk study, the participants followed a dietary n-3 PUFA restriction, e.g., no fish. After the 8-wk EO treatment, increases in the LC n-3 metabolites EPA (168% and 79%) and docosapentaenoic acid [DPA (68% and 39%)] were observed, whereas docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) decreased (-5% and -23%) in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, respectively. Compared with FO, the efficacy of EO to increase EPA and DPA in blood was significantly lower (?25% and ?50%, respectively). A higher body mass index (BMI) was associated with lower relative and net increases in EPA and DPA. Compared with baseline, EO significantly reduced serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, oxidized LDL, and triglyceride (TG), but also HDL cholesterol, regardless of age and BMI. In the FO group, only TG decreased. Overall, daily intake of 15-20 g EO increased EPA and DPA in blood but had no influence on DHA. EO lowered cardiovascular risk markers, e.g., serum TG, which is particularly relevant for individuals with metabolic syndrome. Natural EO could be a noteworthy source of n-3 PUFA in human nutrition. PMID:24553695
Kuhnt, Katrin; Fuhrmann, Claudia; K�hler, Melanie; Kiehntopf, Michael; Jahreis, Gerhard
Objective: To assess the cardiovascular safety of two commonly prescribed atypical antipsychotics risperidone (RSP) and olanzapine (OZP) in schizophrenic patients, using electrocardiography (ECG) and Blood Pressure (BP). Materials and Methods: This was a 10-week prospective open label, observational study, carried out in a newly diagnosed 64 schizophrenic patients receiving either RSP or OZP. RSP (n = 32) was started with dose of 2 mg/day and increased to 4 mg/day after 2 weeks, whereas OZP (n = 32) was started at a dose of 5 mg/day and was increased to 10 mg/day after 2 weeks. Heart rate (HR), ECG parameters (PR, RR, QRS, QT intervals and QTc and QTd) and BP (systolic and diastolic in supine and standing position) were recorded at baseline (before drug therapy)) and during follow-up visits at 2(I), 6(II) and 10(III) weeks. Results: In the RSP group, at II and III follow-ups, a significant increase in the HR (P = 0.018, P = 0.011 respectively) as well as in QTc (P = 0.025, P = 0.015, respectively) was observed when compared to the basal values. In the OZP group, diastolic BP was significantly decreased in standing position at II and III follow-ups (P = 0.045 and P = 0.024, respectively) compared to the basal values. When the two groups were compared with each other, no significant differences were observed in the changes of HR, PR, QRS, QT, RR, QT, QTd and SBP (supine and standing position); and DBP (supine position). However, DBP in standing position showed a significant decrease in the OZP group at II and III follow-up (P = 0.036 and P = 0.016, respectively) compared to the RSP group. Conclusions: Patients treated with OZP are at higher risk to develop postural hypotension as compared with RSP; hence RSP could be better tolerated by patients taking antihypertensive drugs as compared with OZP whereas OZP would have a safer cardiac profile. PMID:25298577
Choure, Balwant Kisanrao; Gosavi, Devesh; Nanotkar, Sanjay
Exercise is beneficial for a variety of age-related disorders. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating the beneficial adaptations to exercise in older adults are not well understood. The aim of the current study was to utilize a dual approach to characterize the genetic and metabolic adaptive pathways altered by exercise in veteran athletes and age-matched untrained individuals. Two groups of 50�60 year old males: competitive cyclists (athletes, n?=?9; VO2peak 59.1�5.2 ml�kg?1�min?1; peak aerobic power 383�39 W) and untrained, minimally active individuals (controls, n?=?8; VO2peak 35.9�9.7 ml�kg?1�min?1; peak aerobic power 230�57 W) were examined. All participants completed an acute bout of submaximal endurance exercise, and blood and urine samples pre- and post-exercise were analyzed for gene expression and metabolic changes utilizing genome-wide DNA microarray analysis and NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomics, respectively. Our results indicate distinct differences in gene and metabolite expression involving energy metabolism, lipids, insulin signaling and cardiovascular function between the two groups. These findings may lead to new insights into beneficial signaling pathways of healthy aging and help identify surrogate markers for monitoring exercise and training load. PMID:24643011
Mukherjee, Kamalika; Edgett, Brittany A.; Burrows, Harrison W.; Castro, Cecilia; Griffin, Julian L.; Schwertani, Adel Giaid; Gurd, Brendon J.; Funk, Colin D.
Limited information exists on serum biochemistry and haematology of the European wild boar, and few correlations have been found between parasitic burden and clinical parameters in this species. Naturally infected wild boars were experimentally treated to study the effect of nematode parasites and ivermectin treatment on phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) skin reaction and haematological and serum biochemical parameters. White blood cells decreased
Jorge R. L�pez-Olvera; Ursula H�fle; Joaqu�n Vicente; Isabel G. Fern�ndez-de-Mera; Christian Gort�zar
Three Acid phosphatases (ACP) were isolated and characterized from the lysosomes of blood stream forms of Trypanosoma brucei by a combination of isopynic and differential centrifugation through Ficoll, organic solvent precipitation, ion exchange on DEAE cellulose 52 and size exclusion chromatography on Sephadex G-75 columns. The purified ACP emerged as three distinct peaks (ACP I, ACP II and ACP III) with high specific activities and they moved homogeneously on 12% SDS-PAGE each as a single band with relative molecular weight of 36 kDa, 25 kDa and 45 kDa respectively. The purified enzymes were active at an optimum pH and temperature of 5.5 and 40 degrees C respectively. The enzyme activities appeared to be ACP because their activities were enhanced at low pH values and inhibited by the acid phosphatase inhibitor, sodium fluoride. ACP I and ACP II were sensitive to l-tartrate while ACP III was insensitive to l tartrate. The kinetic analysis of the purified enzyme (ACP I, ACP II and ACP III) determined using para-nitrophenylphosphate as substrate gave KM values of 0.2 mM, 0.15 mM and 0.5 mM. Monofunctional group sulfhydryl group inhibitors; HgCl2, and AgCl2 strongly inhibited the activity of ACP III and millimolar concentrations of dithiothreitol and iodoacetamide activated and inhibited the activity of the ACP III respectively, suggesting the involvement of thiol groups at the active site of the enzyme. Thus, differentiating it from ACP I and ACP II. The implication of these findings in relation to the pathology of trypanosomosis is discussed. PMID:19442761
Amlabu, E; Nok, A J; Sallau, A B
Influence of nanoparticles on brain function following in vivo exposures is not well known. Depending on the magnitude and intensity of nanoparticle exposure from the environment, food and/or water source, neuronal function could be affected and may lead to neurotoxicity and neuropathology. This hypothesis was examined in present investigation using systemic or intracerebroventricular administration of engineered nanoparticles from metals, i.e., Al, Ag and Cu (approximately equal to 50 to 60 nm) on neurotoxicity in rats and mice. Intraperitoneal (50 mg/kg), intravenous (30 mg/kg), intracarotid (2.5 mg/kg) or intracerebroventricular administration (20 microg) of nanoparticles significantly altered the blood-brain barrier (BBB) function to Evans blue and radioiodine in several regions of the brain and spinal cord at 24 h after their administration. Marked decreases in local cerebral blood flow (CBF) and pronounced brain edema was seen in regional areas associated with BBB leakage. Neuronal cell injuries, glial cell activation, heat shock protein (HSP) upregulation and loss of myelinated fibers are quite common in effected brain areas. The observed pathological changes were most pronounced in mice compared to rats. Exposures to Cu and Ag nanoparticles showed most marked effects on brain pathology when administered into systemic circulation or into the brain ventricular spaces as compared to Al nanoparticles. Our results are the first to show that nanoparticles from metals are able to induce selective and specific neurotoxicity that depends on the type of metals, route of administration and the species used. PMID:19928185
Sharma, Hari S; Ali, Syed F; Hussain, Saber M; Schlager, John J; Sharma, Aruna
To investigate blood chemistry profile and to determine levels of myocardial marker proteins in canine dirofilariasis, measurements of biochemical parameters in liver and renal profile as well as the activity of the enzyme creatine kinase (CK) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) concentration were performed on 72 Thai stray dogs with and without the presence of heartworms. The results showed that,
Choosri Sribhen; Santi Kaewmokul; Kosit Sribhen
Cytokine Profile of Peripheral Blood in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy
To evaluate the usefulness of cytokine levels of peripheral blood in diabetic retinopathy (DR), demographic and biochemical parameters including low-density lipoprotein (LDL) diameter as well as cytokine profiles were analyzed in 74 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), with DR (n = 46) or without DR (n = 28). DM duration was longer in the patients with DR than
Jong-Han Lee; Woonhyung Lee; Oh Hun Kwon; Jeong-Ho Kim; Oh Woong Kwon; Kyung Hwan Kim; Jong-Baeck Lim
The effect of 2-chloro-6-(3-methoxyphenyl)aminopurine [inhibitor of cytokinin degradation (INCYDE)] at 10�nM on growth, biochemical and photosynthetic efficiency in sodium chloride (NaCl)-stressed (75, 100 and 150�mM) tomato plants was investigated. NaCl-induced decline in plant vigor index was slightly reversed by both drenching and foliar application of INCYDE. Foliar application of INCYDE significantly increased the flower number in the control and 75�mM NaCl-supplemented plants, while drenching was more effective in 150�mM NaCl-stressed plants. Antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase) were enhanced in the presence of INCYDE in the control and NaCl-stressed plants. Higher concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) associated with oxidative (lipid peroxidation) damage in leaf tissue which was evident in the presence of NaCl stress was significantly attenuated with the drenching and foliar application of INCYDE. Regardless of NaCl concentration, application of INCYDE had no significant influence on maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II. However, the reduced quantum yield of photosystem II and coefficient of photochemical quenching under continuous illumination with actinic light at four intensities (264, 488, 800 and 1,200��mol�m(-2) s(-1)) in NaCl-stressed (100 and 150�mM) tomato plants were significantly alleviated by drenching application with INCYDE. Non-photochemical quenching of the singlet excited state of chlorophyll a and relative electron transfer rate were generally higher in INCYDE-treated plants than in the controls. From an agricultural perspective, these findings indicate the potential of INCYDE in protecting plants against NaCl stress and the possibility of enhanced productivity. PMID:25092117
Aremu, Adeyemi O; Masondo, Nqobile A; Sunmonu, Taofik O; Kulkarni, Manoj G; Zatloukal, Marek; Spichal, Luk�; Dole�al, Karel; Van Staden, Johannes
A toxicological study was carried out in rats with a Siddha preparation, milk extracts of Semecarpus anacardium nuts. The effect of acute (72 h) and subacute (30 days) treatment of the drug with different dosage on liver and kidney functions and hematological parameters were studied. The acute toxicity studies with this drug did not produce mortality at any dose level
T. Vijayalakshmi; V. Muthulakshmi; P. Sachdanandam
Epidemiological studies show an association between ambient particulate matter PM and cardiovascular mortality. Panel and controlled exposure studies report PM-associated changes in HRV and blood factors involved in clotting and inflammation. We investigated the effects of in-veh...
OBJECTIVE This study examined the effects of palm oil tocotrienol-rich fractions on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. METHODS Animals were divided into three groups: (i) normal non-diabetic (NDM), (ii) diabetic treated (tocotrienol-rich fractions - TRF) and (iii) diabetic untreated (non-TRF). The treatment group received oral administration of tocotrienol-rich fractions (200 mg/kg body weight) daily for eight weeks. The normal non-diabetic and the diabetic untreated groups were fed standard rat feed. Blood glucose and lipid profiles, oxidative stress markers and morphological changes of the thoracic aorta were evaluated. RESULTS Tocotrienol-rich fractions treatment reduced serum glucose and glycated hemoglobin concentrations. The tocotrienol-rich fractions group also showed significantly lower levels of plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride, as compared to the untreated group. The tocotrienol-rich fractions group had higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as compared to the untreated group. Superoxide dismutase activity and levels of vitamin C in plasma were increased in tocotrienol-rich fractions-treated rats. The levels of plasma and aorta malondealdehyde + 4-hydroxynonenal (MDA + 4-HNE) and oxidative DNA damage were significant following tocotrienol-rich fractions treatment. Electron microscopic examination showed that the normal morphology of the thoracic aorta was disrupted in STZ-diabetic rats. Tocotrienol-rich fractions supplementation resulted in a protective effect on the vessel wall. CONCLUSION These results show that tocotrienol-rich fractions lowers the blood glucose level and improves dyslipidemia. Levels of oxidative stress markers were also reduced by administration of tocotrienol-rich fractions. Vessel wall integrity was maintained due to the positive effects mediated by tocotrienol-rich fractions. PMID:19330251
Budin, Siti Balkis; Othman, Faizah; Louis, Santhana Raj; Bakar, Mokhtar Abu; Das, Srijit; Mohamed, Jamaludin
The present study was undertaken to investigate the protective effect of royal jelly (RJ) against toxicity induced by a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT), in Swiss albino mice. Animals were randomly divided into six groups of six animals each. The control group received distilled water alone, whereas mice in the treatment groups received RJ alone (100 or 250 mg/kg of body weight), LCT alone (668 ppm), or RJ+LCT for 21 days. All mice (100%) survived until the end of experiment and were sacrificed at the end of 24 hours. Blood, bone marrow, and liver and kidney tissues were analyzed for aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and micronucleus (MN) frequency, chromosomal aberrations (CAs), and pathological damages. Serum AST, ALT, BUN, and creatinine levels were elevated in mice treated with LCT alone compared with the other tested groups (P<.05). LCT-induced oxidative damage caused a significant decrease in GSH levels and a significant rise in MDA levels of liver and kidney tissues. LCT alone-treated mice presented higher frequencies (P<.05) of MNs, CAs, and abnormal metaphases compared with the controls; moreover, the mitotic index was lower than in controls (P<.05). Oral treatment with RJ significantly ameliorated the indices of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, lipid peroxidation, and genotoxicity induced by LCT. Both doses of RJ tested provided significant protection against LCT-induced toxicity, and its strongest effect was observed at the dose level of 250 mg/kg of body weight. In vivo results suggest that RJ is a potent antioxidant against LCT-induced toxicity, and its protective effect is dose dependent. PMID:21663479
Cavu?o?lu, K�lti?in; Yapar, K�r?ad; Oru�, Ertan; Yal�?n, Emine
In two pig abattoirs of different slaughter capacities, the stunning efficacy of CO2 on finishing pigs with and without pneumonic lesions (observed post mortem) was reflected against the corneal-reflex and blood parameters (blood pH, pCO2 and pO2) from individual finishers. Stunning duration was 120 s (abattoir A) and 90 s (abattoir B), respectively. Pneumonia in finisher pigs is frequently observed during post mortem inspection, which may raise concerns about a delay of unconsciousness because of hampered gas exchange in the lungs. The aim of this study was to examine possible pneumonia consequences for stunning efficacy under commercial conditions. For that, corneal reflex, O2 and CO2 partial pressure in the blood as well as blood pH were measured in 2650 finishers from abattoir A and 2100 from abattoir B. The partial pressure of O2 after stunning accounted to about 3 kPa, the partial pressure of CO2 was found at levels of about 24 kPa in abattoir A (after 120 s CO2 exposure) and 17.5 kPa in abattoir B (after 90 s CO2 exposure). In abattoir A, the blood pH was at 6.9, and at 7.0 in abattoir B. The corneal reflex was observed in 6.2% of pigs in abattoir A and 17.1% of pigs in abattoir B. A correlation between pneumonic lesions and blood status was not observed. However, for some individual farms, a significant correlation between pneumonia and corneal reflex was observed. PMID:22898535
Fries, R; Rindermann, G; Siegling-Vlitakis, C; Bandick, N; Br�utigam, L; Buschulte, A; Irsigler, H; Wolf, K; Hartmann, H
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate liver steatosis in prepubertal and pubertal obese and the correlations with the lipid profile, the serum levels of hepatic parameters and the glycemic and insulinemic responses to an oral glucose tolerance test.SUBJECTS: 375 obese, 205 males and 170 females, Tanner pubertal stage I (n=82), stages II�III (n=80) and stages IV�V (n=213).MEASUREMENTS:
G Guzzaloni; G Grugni; A Minocci; D Moro; F Morabito
The work deals with study of basic characteristics of cardiac activity (heart rate�HR and stress-index�SI) and hemolymph protein\\u000a parameters in the crayfish Pontastacus leptodactylus. The main criteria of the crayfish selection are developed for formation of the animal reference groups available for subsequent\\u000a toxicological experiments. The action of a model toxicant, hydroquinone (often present in waste water), at a concentration
T. V. Kuznetsova; G. V. Sladkova; S. V. Kholodkevich
The work deals with study of basic characteristics of cardiac activity (HR and stress-index) and hemolymph protein parameters in the crayfish Pontastacus leptodactylus. The main criteria of the crayfish selection are developed for formation of the animal reference groups available for subsequent toxicologic experiments. The action of a model toxicant, hydroquinone (often present in waste water), at a concentration of 1 g/l on parameters of the crayfish cardiac activity at various exposition time, its effect on circadian cardiac activity and on the hemolymph total protein were studied. At its short-term exposure, hydroquinone produced a temporary increase of HR and stress-index, but had no marked effect on the total protein parameters in hemolymph. At long action (for one day), hydroquinone led to a considerable tachycardia, disturbance of the circadian cardioactivity and to a decrease by 40% of the hemolymph total protein. In 50% of cases the toxicant caused death of the animals either in the course of its action or at period of washout from the toxicant. Mechanisms of the toxic action of hydroquinone at various levels of organization are discussed. PMID:20583580
Kuznetsova, T V; Sladkova, G V; Kholodkevich, S V
Genome damage, namely, the frequency of cells with micronuclei (MN) and chromosome aberrations, the level of DNA double-strand\\u000a breaks, and concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as 28 immunological characteristics were studied in the\\u000a blood lymphocytes of Chernobyl nuclear accident cleanup workers. The goal of the work was to examine the cytogenetic and molecular\\u000a biological changes in the
I. I. Pelevina; I. V. Oradovskaya; Yu. G. Mansurova; A. V. Aleshchenko; M. M. Antoshchina; O. V. Kudryashova; E. Yu. Lizunova; M. F. Nikonova; A. N. Osipov; N. I. Ryabchenko; V. V. Feoktistov; A. M. Serebryanyi
\\u000a Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a condition in which the heart cannot pump sufficient blood to the body. Approximately 23\\u000a million people are diagnosed worldwide with CHF, with about 2 million new cases each year. While mild to moderate CHF can\\u000a be treated in most people, the majority of patients with advanced CHF die within one year. Consequently, one of
Lee Waite; Jerry Fine; G�bor Veres; G�bor Szab�
In the present study, the influence of stress from handling and transport on some frequently examined blood parameters of racing pigeons was evaluated. After 3 hr, there was a highly significant (P < 0.01) increase in the number as well as in the percentage of heterophils and decrease of lymphocytes. In clinical chemistries, increases of creatine kinase and glucose and a decrease of uric acid were observed. There was a mean decrease of the total white blood count of >15% that was less significant (P < 0.05). Changes in lactate dehydrogenase, basophils, and monocytes did not prove to be significant; eosinophils, aspartate aminotransferase, total protein, and the packed cell volume were not influenced by stress. PMID:11922340
Scope, Alexandra; Filip, T; Gabler, Cornelia; Resch, Franziska
Blood samples and physiological data were collected from 634 bighorn sheep (Otis canadensis) captured by four different methods between 1980 and 1986 in the western United States. These parameters were evaluated for selected physiological, biochemical and hematological values. Postcapture biological parameters were compared among bighorn sheep according to four different outcomes; normal, stressed or compromised, capture myopathy (CM) mortality, and
Michael D. Kock; Richard K. Clark; Charles E. Franti; David A. Jessup; John D. Wehausen
This study was designed to evaluate hemorheological changes in patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) after 4 weeks of pentoxifylline therapy as well as to study red blood cell microrheological variables after the cell incubation with pentoxifylline and some phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity inhibitors. The patients with CVD (n = 50) and PAD (n = 33) were treated with pentoxifylline (400 mg, thrice a day) for 4 weeks. Before and after drug therapy the hemorheological measurements including plasma and whole blood viscosity, red blood cell aggregation (RBCA) and deformability (RBCD) were completed. In vitro study RBCs were incubated with: 1) Vinpocetine--inhibitor PDE-1, 10 ?M; 2) Rolipram--PDE-4, 10 ?M; 3) Isobutyl-methylxanthine (IBMX)--nonselective PDE inhibitor, 100 ?M and with pentoxifylline, 10 ?M The cell incubation was performed at 37 �C for 15 min. There were the positive changes of hemorheological profile after 4 weeks of the pentoxifylline therapy both in CVD and PAD patients. The marked RBCD changes were observed after the in vitro cell pentoxifylline treatment as well. Perhaps it is connected with the inhibition of the phosphodiesterase activity in RBCs. An application of drugs and chemicals that can inhibit the PDE activity resulted in RBCD rise and RBCA decrease. The experiments with the use of selective PDE inhibitors have revealed the similar red cell deformability changes. Vinpocetine increased RBCD significantly (p < 0.05). PDE-4 inhibitor--Rolipram stimulated RBCD by 15% (p < 0.05). Some more effective was IBMX. After cell incubation with it a significant rise of the deformability (by 27%; p < 0.05) was found. All drugs, having PDE activity decreased RBCA, but the most pronounced effect had Vinpocetine (50%; p < 0.05). Thus, administered pentoxifylline, daily (1200 mg), during four weeks improves hemorheological profile and especially its microrheological part as well as the blood transport capacity in subjects with cerebral and peripheral vascular disorders. It is most probably red cell microrheological control mechanisms may be associated with the phosphodiesterase activity alterations. PMID:22214714
Muravyov, Alexei V; Bulaeva, Svetlana V; Tikhomirova, Irina A; Zamishlayev, Andrey V; Uzikova, Ekaterina V; Miloradov, Mikhail Ju
The relationship between MRI-parameters of frontal lobes and levels of autoantibodies to nerve growth factor (Aab-NGF) in the blood serum of patients with schizophrenia and their relatives was studied. The negative correlation between the Aab-NGF level and the total volume of frontal lobes (r= -0,59; p<0,01) was found in the group of patients. No significant correlations were found in the control groups of healthy subjects without family history of schizophrenia and relatives of patients. The authors concede that Aab-NGF may play a substantial role in the development of neuromorphological changes in schizophrenia. PMID:19365391
Shcherbakova, I V; Efanova, N N; Orlova, V A; Kliushnik, T P; Voskresenskaia, N I; Gubski?, A V; Kupriianov, D A; Ganisheva, T K; Anisimov, N V
This study evaluated the effects of curcumin and/or insulin on antioxidant enzyme activity in blood, liver, and kidney, as well as on lipid peroxidation and delta aminolevulinic dehydratase (?-ALA-D) activity, and a histopathological analysis of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The animals were divided into six groups (n�=�6): control/saline (C); control/curcumin (CCur); diabetic/saline (D); diabetic/insulin (DIns); diabetic/curcumin (DCur); and diabetic/insulin/curcumin (DInsCur). After 30�days of treatment with curcumin and/or insulin, the animals were sacrificed and the liver, kidney, and serum were used for experimental determinations. Results of histopathological analysis showed that the treatment with insulin ameliorate renal and hepatic lesions from both DIns and DInsCur groups. TBARS levels were significantly increased in serum, liver, and kidney in D group and the administration of curcumin and insulin prevented this increase in DIns and DCur groups. The activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase, and ?-ALA-D presented a significant decrease in the liver and kidney D group when compared to C group (P�<�0.05). The animals treated with curcumin and insulin presented an increase of CAT activity, revealing a positive interaction between both substances. The treatments with curcumin or insulin prevented oxidative stress in blood, through modulation of enzymatic antioxidant defenses. These findings contributed to the comprehension that antioxidants from medicinal plants could be used as adjuvant in the treatment of this endocrinopathy and not as single therapy. PMID:24130039
Palma, Heloisa Einloft; Wolkmer, Patr�cia; Gallio, Miguel; Corr�a, Marcos M B; Schmatz, Roberta; Thom�, Gustavo R; Pereira, Luciane B; Castro, Ver�nica S P; Pereira, Andr�ia B; Bueno, Andressa; de Oliveira, Lizielle S; Rosolen, Debora; Mann, Tha�s R; de Cecco, Bianca S; Gra�a, Dominguita L; Lopes, Sonia T A; Mazzanti, Cinthia M A
Effect of Resveratrol on Hematological and Biochemical Alterations in Rats Exposed to Fluoride
We investigated the protective effects of resveratrol on hematological and biochemical changes induced by fluoride in rats. A total of 28 rats were divided into 4 groups: control, resveratrol, fluoride, and fluoride/resveratrol (n = 7 each), for a total of 21 days of treatment. Blood samples were taken and hematological and biochemical parameters were measured. Compared to the control group, the fluoride-treated group showed significant differences in several hematological parameters, including decreases in WBC, RBC, and PLT counts and neutrophil ratio. The group that received resveratrol alone showed a decrease in WBC count compared to the control group. Furthermore, in comparison to the control group, the fluoride group showed significantly increased ALT enzyme activity and decreased inorganic phosphorus level. The hematological and biochemical parameters in the fluoride?+?resveratrol treated group were similar to control group. In the fluoride?+?resveratrol group, resveratrol restored the changes observed following fluoride treatment, including decreased counts of WBC, RBC, and PLT, decreased neutrophil ratio and inorganic phosphorus levels, and elevated ALT enzyme activity. The present study showed that fluoride caused adverse effects in rats and that resveratrol reduced hematological and biochemical alterations produced by fluoride exposure. PMID:24995323
Atmaca, Nurgul; Y?ld?r?m, Ebru; Guner, Bayram; Kabakc?, Ruhi; Bilmen, Fatih Sultan
Different doses of aqueous extracts from the leaves of Aloe buettneri, Justicia insularis, Hibiscus macranthus and Dicliptera verticillata, locally used to regulate the menstrual cycle and to treat dysmenorrhea or infertility in women, were given daily to 22 day old rats for 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days by gastric intubation. At the end of each experimental period, the weights of ovaries and uteri, levels of uterine and ovarian proteins, ovarian cholesterol and serum oestradiol were evaluated. The results showed a decrease in growth rate of animals treated with 94 mg/kg per day at the end of the experimental period. The ovarian and uterine weights were high in all treated groups especially within the pubertal period (36-41 days old) when compared to the respective controls. During the same period, the parameters analysed showed significant differences in treated rats when compared to the controls. This was seen with ovarian and uterine protein levels, as well as with serum oestradiol whose level was especially high in the groups given 49 or 94 mg/kg per day of the plant extracts (52 and 42%, respectively when compared with the respective controls). A concomitant decrease in ovarian cholesterol was observed in the same treated groups. These results suggested a possible presence of oestrogenic compounds in the plant extracts. PMID:10030723
Telefo, P B; Moundipa, P F; Tchana, A N; Tchouanguep Dzickotze, C; Mbiapo, F T
The present study is the first report on optimization of recovery conditions of fishes exposed to pesticides using response surface methodology-central composite rotatable design (RSM-CCRD). The sub-lethal toxicity bioassay of Roundup� (2 ppm ~10 percent LC??, 96 h) in common carp (1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 35 and 40 day) was investigated. After exposure for 16 days to Roundup�, some the fishes were introduced to herbicide-free water. The effects of four recovery parameters including time (5-25 d), temperature (18-26 �C), water exchange rate (WER, 10-30), and salinity (0-8 ppt) on the levels of biomarkers of genotoxicity (DNA damage), neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE)), and the serum alanine (ALT) and aspartate (AST) aminotransferase in plasma were studied. The polynomial equations were significantly fitted for all response variables with high R� values (>0.95), which revealed no indication of lack of fit. The optimum conditions for the maximum AChE activity (37.14 nmol/min/mg protein) and the minimum levels of DNA damage (8.00 percent tail DNA), ALT (27.0 IU/L) and AST (91.0 IU/L) were time of 20 d, temperature of 20 �C, WER of 25 and water salinity of 6 ppt. Thus, a promising improvement for the recovery trend of fishes exposed to Roundup� stress was obtained under the optimized conditions using RSM-CCRD. PMID:24094415
Gholami-Seyedkolaei, Seyed Jalil; Mirvaghefi, Alireza; Farahmand, Hamid; Kosari, Ali Asghar; Gholami-Seyedkolaei, Seyed Jalal; Gholami-Seyedkolaei, Seyed Jamal
1. The effects of sex and dietary composition were investigated in 48 male and 48 female 16-week old chukar partridges. 2. Sixteen starter and 16 grower diets were arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial design with 4 concentration of crude protein (CP) and 4 concentration of metabolizable energy (ME). 3. Blood samples were collected at 16 weeks of age and analysed for total protein, triglycerides, uric acid, total cholesterol, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium and chlorine. 4. There were no significant effects of sex on the measured parameters. 5. Serum total protein was highest in partridges fed on a diet containing 200/175 g CP/kg (starter grower). Serum cholesterol concentrations of partridge fed the diet with 240/200 or 280/225 g CP/kg were significantly higher than that for partridge fed diets containing a lower gCP/kg. 6. Serum total protein and glucose levels significantly decreased as dietary energy level was increased. Serum triglycerides and calcium were highest in partridge fed on the diets containing 13.39/13.81 and 11.71/12.55 ME MJ/kg, respectively. Serum phosphorus and chloride levels were highest in partridges given the diet containing 10.88/11.92 ME MJ/kg. 7. There were significant interactions between the effects of CP and ME on serum triglycerides, sodium and potassium levels. 8 The results of this study suggested that dietary CP, and especially ME concentration, significantly affect blood parameters in chukar partridge. PMID:15222427
Ozek, K; Bahtiyarca, Y
Cysticercus tenuicollis, the metacestode stage of Taenia hydatigena are responsible for a high degree of morbidity and mortality in livestocks. This study was performed in order to investigate the variations of blood parameters (hematological and biochemical) and pathological changes in 50 sheep infected with C. tenuicollis in comparison with 50 non-infected control group. The blood samples were taken from the sheep that were slaughtered in the Kerman slaughterhouse. Blood and sera samples were analyzed for hematology and biochemical parameters and infected livers, were transported to the pathology laboratory for further examinations. According to the analyses performed on the animals blood, a significant increase was detected in number of white blood cells, activities of AST, ALT and levels of total bilirubin in animals with cysticercosis (p�<�0.05). Also in infected animals, a significant reduction was observed in number of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit values (p�<�0.05). In histopathological examination, hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis, fibrosis, mucus gland and biliary hyperplasia, mild lymphocytic hepatitis, granuloma and telangiectasis were observed. It seems that the increased and reduction of significant blood parameters, may be due to liver failure and pathological changes following larval migration and stimulating of immune responses. PMID:25320492
Bamorovat, Mehdi; Radfar, Mohammad Hossein; Derakhshanfar, Amin; Molazadeh, Morteza; Zarandi, Mehdi Borhani
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of cadmium (Cd) on biochemical, physiological and cytological parameters of Capsicum annuum L. treated with five different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100�ppm) of the metal. Shoot�root length, pigment and protein content showed a continuous decrease with increasing Cd concentrations and the maximal decline was observed at the higher concentration. Proline content was found to be increased upto 60�ppm while at higher concentrations it gradually decreased. MDA content and chromosomal aberrations increased as the concentration increased. Additionally Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used for the detection of genotoxicity induced by Cd. A total of 184 bands (62 polymorphic and 122 monomorphic) were generated in 5 different concentrations with 10 primers where primer OPA-02 generated the highest percentage of polymorphism (52.63%). Dendrogram showed that control, R1 and R2 showed similar cluster and R4 and R5 grouped with R3 into one cluster, which showed that plants from higher doses showed much difference than the plants selected at mild doses which resemble control at the DNA level. This investigation showed that RAPD marker is a useful tool for evaluation of genetic diversity and relationship among different metal concentrations.
Aslam, Rumana; Ansari, M.Y.K.; Choudhary, Sana; Bhat, Towseef Mohsin; Jahan, Nusrat
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of cadmium (Cd) on biochemical, physiological and cytological parameters of Capsicum annuum L. treated with five different concentrations (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100�ppm) of the metal. Shoot-root length, pigment and protein content showed a continuous decrease with increasing Cd concentrations and the maximal decline was observed at the higher concentration. Proline content was found to be increased upto 60�ppm while at higher concentrations it gradually decreased. MDA content and chromosomal aberrations increased as the concentration increased. Additionally Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique was used for the detection of genotoxicity induced by Cd. A total of 184 bands (62 polymorphic and 122 monomorphic) were generated in 5 different concentrations with 10 primers where primer OPA-02 generated the highest percentage of polymorphism (52.63%). Dendrogram showed that control, R1 and R2 showed similar cluster and R4 and R5 grouped with R3 into one cluster, which showed that plants from higher doses showed much difference than the plants selected at mild doses which resemble control at the DNA level. This investigation showed that RAPD marker is a useful tool for evaluation of genetic diversity and relationship among different metal concentrations. PMID:25313282
Aslam, Rumana; Ansari, M Y K; Choudhary, Sana; Bhat, Towseef Mohsin; Jahan, Nusrat
This study aims to compare the women engaged in doing regular exercise and those having done exercise previously and now not doing it or never done it before in terms of such blood values as leptin, cholesterol, insulin, glucose, triglyceride levels and body fat percentage (BFP) and to investigate the effects of regular exercise on these values. The participants of the study consisted of 35 (sportswomen) women doing regular exercise and 35 healthy and sedentary female university students never involved in doing regular exercise before. With the permission of the ethics committee, measuring was made. The mean (X) age of those doing regular exercise was 18.03 +/- 0.81 years, X height was 163.62 +/- 5.28 cm, X weight was 57.12 +/- 5.77 kg, and training background 7.34 +/- 1.75 years. X age of sedentary group was 18.91 +/- 0.72 years, X height was 164.45 +/- 5.44 cm, X weight was 58.15 +/- 4.68 kg. Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in terms of the values of HDL and Triglyceride (p < 0.05), Total Cholesterol (p < 0.01), leptin, BFP, and insulin (p < 0.001). The other variables exhibited no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). The increase in serum leptin levels is directly correlated with BFP. It has also been observed that regular exercise, as it reduces BFP, suppresses serum leptin levels. Regular exercise is significant in the regulation of body weight and prevention of obesity. It is concluded that if regular and moderate exercise is supplemented by good nutrition to avoid cardiovascular risk factor, to reduce LDL level, to bring about an increase in the level of HDL, this creates a positive influence on hormones and body fats and that exercise could be an important factor in enhancing the quality of life. PMID:25144973
G��l�, Mehmet
Diagnostic value of biochemical biomarkers in malignant and non-malignant pericardial effusion.
The aim of this study was to examine the biochemical composition of pericardial effusions of different etiology and to evaluate the diagnostic utility of biochemical parameters and tumor markers to discriminate malignant from benign effusion. Pericardial and serum levels of biochemical parameters and tumor markers were compared in 105 patients who underwent pericardiocentesis and pericardioscopy with targeted epicardial biopsy. Etiologic diagnosis was based on pericardial fluid and epicardial biopsy analysis by cytology, histology, immunohistochemistry, microbiology and polymerase chain reaction. The total of 105 patients comprised 29 patients with malignant and 76 patients with non-malignant pericardial effusions (40 autoreactive, 28 viral, 5 postcardiotomy syndromes and 3 associated with systemic diseases). Malignant pericardial effusions had significantly higher pericardial fluid levels of the tumor markers CEA, CA 19-9, CA 72-4, SCC and NSE (p�<�0.001, p�=�0.002, p�<�0.001, p�=�0.004 and p�<�0.001, respectively) as well as higher pericardial fluid hemoglobin (p�<�0.001), pericardial fluid white blood cells (p�=�0.003), pericardial fluid LDH (p�<�0.001) and ratio of pericardial to serum LDH levels compared to benign effusions. None of the biochemical or cell-count parameters tested proved to be accurate enough for distinguishing malignant from benign effusions. However, measurement of pericardial CA 72-4 levels offered a high diagnostic accuracy for malignancy, particularly in bloody pericardial effusions. None of the biochemical parameters tested was useful for the discrimination of malignant from benign effusions. However, measurement of pericardial CA 72-4 levels in bloody pericardial effusions yielded a high diagnostic accuracy and thus offers the potential as a diagnostic tool to distinguish between malignant and benign effusions. PMID:22638889
Karatolios, Konstantinos; Pankuweit, Sabine; Maisch, Bernhard
The sinking of the 'Prestige' oil tanker in front of the Galician coast (NW of Spain) in November 2002 offered a unique opportunity to analyze intermediate cytogenetic and endocrine effects among people exposed to the complex mixture of substances that oil constitutes, including several toxic heavy metals. In this work we evaluated the relationship between exposure to heavy metals (blood concentrations of aluminium, cadmium, nickel, lead and zinc) and genotoxic parameters (sister chromatid exchanges, micronucleus test and comet assay) or endocrine parameters (plasmatic concentrations of prolactin and cortisol) in subjects exposed to 'Prestige' oil during cleaning tasks developed after the spillage. Concentrations of lead were significantly related to the comet assay even after adjusting by age, sex and smoking. Cortisol concentrations were significantly influenced by aluminium, nickel (both, inversely) and cadmium (positively). Women had clearly higher concentrations of prolactin and cortisol, even when adjusting by age, smoking, cadmium, aluminium or nickel. Plasmatic cortisol was jointly influenced by gender, smoking and aluminium or nickel (all p<0.05). In women there was a strong relationship between concentrations of cadmium and prolactin (beta=0.37, p=0.031). When the effects of cadmium, aluminium and nickel on cortisol were simultaneously assessed, only the latter two metals remained statistically significant. Among parameters analysed, cortisol appeared to be the most sensitive to the effects of metal exposure. Plasma levels of cortisol deserve further evaluation as a potentially relevant biomarker to assess the effects of exposure to heavy metals. PMID:18221981
P�rez-Cadah�a, Beatriz; Laffon, Blanca; Porta, Miquel; Lafuente, Anunciaci�n; Cabaleiro, Teresa; L�pez, Tom�s; Caride, Ana; Pumarega, Jos�; Romero, Alejandro; P�saro, Eduardo; M�ndez, Josefina
Low vitality (a component of fatigue) in middle-aged and older adults is an important complaint often identified as a symptom of a disease state or side effect of a treatment. No studies to date have investigated the potential link between dysfunctional mitochondrial ATP production and low vitality. Therefore, we measured a number of cellular parameters related to mitochondrial activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from middle-aged men, and tested for association with vitality. These parameters estimate mitochondrial respiration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and deoxyribonucleotide (dNTP) balance in PBMCs. The population was drawn from the Metropolit cohort of men born in 1953. Vitality level was estimated from the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) vitality scale. We found that vitality score had no association with any of the mitochondrial respiration parameters. However, vitality score was inversely associated with cellular ROS production and cellular deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) levels and positively associated with deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) levels. We conclude that self-reported persistent low vitality is not associated with specific aspects of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation capacity in PBMCs, but may have other underlying cellular dysfunctions that contribute to dNTP imbalance and altered ROS production. PMID:24304678
Gram, Martin; Desler, Claus; Bendix, Laila; Budtz-J?rgensen, Esben; Molbo, Drude; Croteau, Deborah L.; Osler, Merete; Stevnsner, Tinna; Rasmussen, Lene Juel; Dela, Flemming; Avlund, Kirsten; Bohr, Vilhelm A.
Rapeseed, strawberry and raspberry seed oils are a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants such as tocols, bioflavonoids and phytosterols. The aim of the study was to determine changes in the blood lipid profile of rats fed with rapeseed, strawberry and raspberry seed oils and their effects on selected parameters of oxidative status. The experiment was carried out on male Wistar rats. The oils were administered by oral gavage for 5 weeks once daily at the dose of about 0.8 ml per rat. Blood samples were taken before and after supplementation period. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (cGPx) was assessed in erythrocytes and contents of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, low-density fraction of cholesterol (LDL) and high-density fraction of cholesterol (HDL) were assessed in plasma. The experiment shows that oils supplemented in the diet for 5 weeks had no significant effect on the level of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol as well as HDL and LDL fractions. Reduced activity of cGPX and SOD in the group of rats receiving raspberry and strawberry seed oils suggests that these native oils may contribute to oxidative stability (improves antioxidant status). Thus, strawberry and raspberry seed oils can be considered as special biological oils, which constitute potential nutraceuticals reducing oxidative stress. PMID:24121557
Pieszka, Marek; Tombarkiewicz, Barbara; Roman, Adam; Migda?, W?adys?aw; Niedzi�?ka, Jerzy
A total of 250 broilers in a completely randomized design selected to evaluate the effect of different levels of chromium (Cr) supplementation on performance, carcass traits and some blood parameters of heat-stressed broiler chicks. All birds were kept under heat stress temperature (33?�?3�C) and divided into five treatments groups. Each treatment consisted of five pens with 10 birds in each pen. The basal diets were supplemented with 0�ppb (control), 800�ppb Cr-L-Met (T(1)), 1,200�ppb Cr-L-Met (T(2)) or 800�ppb CrCl(3) (T(3)), and 1,200�ppb CrCl(3) (T(4)). The feed intake and body mass were measured at 10, 21, and 42�days of age. Blood samples were collected from two birds in each replicates to determine biological and hematological values at 28 and 42�days of age. There were no significant difference in mass gain and feed conversion of broilers that received Cr supplementations compared with controls. The serum glucose concentration decreased in broilers received organic chromium methionine supplements compared with other treatments groups. Slight but not significant increases were observed in serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration of treated groups than controls while the mean serum HDL concentration was significantly higher in T(2) group compared with control group. Serum low-density lipoprotein level decreased in broiler received organic Cr supplements (p?0.05). PMID:21691796
Moeini, Mohammad Mehdi; Bahrami, Akram; Ghazi, Shahab; Targhibi, Mohammad Reza
The assessment of nonviable haematopoietic cells by Annexin V staining method in flow cytometry has recently been published by Duggleby et al. Resulting in a better correlation with the observed colony formation in methylcellulose assays than the standard ISHAGE protocol, it presents a promising method to predict cord blood potency. Herein, we applied this method for examining the parameters during processing which potentially could affect cord blood viability. We could verify that the current standards regarding time and temperature are sufficient, since no significant difference was observed within 48 hours or in storage at 4�C up to 26�C. However, the addition of DMSO for cryopreservation alone leads to an inevitable increase in nonviable haematopoietic stem cells from initially 14.8% � 4.3% to at least 30.6% � 5.5%. Furthermore, CFU-assays with varied seeding density were performed in order to evaluate the applicability as a quantitative method. The results revealed that only in a narrow range reproducible clonogenic efficiency (ClonE) could be assessed, giving at least a semiquantitative estimation. We conclude that both Annexin V staining method and CFU-assays with defined seeding density are reliable means leading to a better prediction of the final potency. Especially Annexin V, due to its fast readout, is a practical tool for examining and optimising specific steps in processing, while CFU-assays add a functional confirmation. PMID:23533443
Radke, Teja Falk; Barbosa, David; Duggleby, Richard Charles; Saccardi, Riccardo; Querol, Sergio; Kogler, Gesine
Zinc (Zn) is an essential mineral for animal development and function. A study was carried out to evaluate the effect of sex and dietary organic zinc (OZ) on growth performance, carcass traits, tissue mineral content, and blood parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 240 1-day-old male and 240 female broiler chicks (Cobb � Cobb) were assigned to two dietary levels of OZ (2 � 2 factorial) with six replicates per treatment (20 birds/replicate pen). The OZ supplementation levels were 0 and 25 ppm. Results showed that OZ supplementation did not affect the growth performance of male and female broilers, but the males showed significantly better (P < 0.05) growth performance than females did. Similarly, OZ supplementation did not affect the thickness of both the back and thigh skin of male and female broilers; however, males had thicker skin than females. Dietary OZ supplementation did not affect collagen contents in the skin and meat samples. Male broilers had higher skin collagen contents than females, but no sex difference was found in meat collagen contents. OZ supplementation did not affect the shear force values of skin and meat samples. Male broilers had higher shear force values of back skin than females, but not in the meat samples. Dietary OZ supplementation increased (P < 0.05) the thigh meat Zn content in both sexes. The plasma Ca content was significantly (P < 0.05) increased by dietary OZ supplementation; however, other blood parameters were not affected by dietary OZ supplementation. Males had higher plasma glucose and cholesterol content than females. It is concluded that dietary OZ supplementation at the level of 25 ppm does not affect the growth performance and skin quality of broiler chickens but increases the Zn content in thigh meat and Ca content in plasma of broiler chickens. Male broilers had better growth performance and skin quality than females. PMID:22167309
Salim, H M; Lee, H R; Jo, C; Lee, S K; Lee, Bong Duk
Background Asymptomatic Plasmodium spp. infections and anemia are highly prevalent conditions in tropical regions. We studied whether asymptomatic parasitemia induces hepcidin- and/or cytokine-mediated iron maldistribution and anemia. Design and Methods A group of 1197 Indonesian schoolchildren, aged 5�15 years, were screened by microscopy for the presence of parasitemia. Concentrations of hemoglobin, serum hepcidin and parameters of iron status and inflammation were determined at baseline and 4 weeks after antimalarial treatment. Results Asymptomatic P. falciparum and P. vivax parasitemia were detected in 73 (6.1%) and 18 (1.5%) children, respectively, of whom 84% and 83% had a C-reactive protein concentration below 5 mg/L. Children with P. falciparum or P. vivax parasitemia had significantly lower hemoglobin concentrations than 17 aparasitemic controls (12.6 and 12.2 g/dL versus 14.4 g/dL; P<0.01), together with significantly higher serum hepcidin concentrations (5.2 and 5.6 nM versus 3.1 nM; P<0.05). The latter was associated with signs of iron maldistribution with higher ferritin concentrations and lower values of serum iron concentration, transferrin saturation and erythrocyte mean cell volume. Concentrations of growth differentiation factor 15 were similar across groups. Antimalarial treatment partly reversed these abnormalities and led to a significant increase in hemoglobin concentration. Conclusions Asymptomatic malarial parasitemia is associated with increased hepcidin concentrations and anemia, in the absence of a manifest acute phase response. Prolonged iron maldistribution may be an underestimated cause of anemia. Screening for parasitemia should be performed before starting iron supplementation, as iron therapy may be less effective and even hazardous in these circumstances. PMID:20133896
de Mast, Quirijn; Syafruddin, Din; Keijmel, Stephan; Riekerink, Teun Olde; Deky, Oktavian; Asih, Puji B.; Swinkels, Dorine W.; van der Ven, Andre J.
Different biological variables of tadpoles, including survival, development and growth rates, and biomarkers [cholinesterases, glutathione-S-transferases (GST), and blood cell morphology] were evaluated in two anuran species, Scinax squalirostris (Hylidae) and Leptodactylus mystacinus (Leptodactylidae), using in situ experimental chambers in a rice field (RF) sprayed with insecticide Lambda-cyhalothrin (LTC) by aircraft in Santa Fe Province, Argentina. We found a significant decrease in body weight (0.62?�?0.04 g) of L. mystacinus and an increased development rate of S. squalirostris in individuals from RF (41?�?1; Gosner) with respect to individuals from the reference site (RS: 0.93?�?0.04 g and 37?�?0; respectively). In S. squalirostris, individuals from RF mean values of butyrylcholinesterase activities decreased at 48 (4.09?�?0.32 nmol min-1 mg-1 of TP) and 96 h (3.74?�?0.20 nmol min-1 mg-1 of TP), whereas inhibition of acetylcholinesterase was observed at 96 h (47.44?�?2.78 nmol min-1 mg-1 of TP). In L. mystacinus from RF, an induction of acetylcholinesterase activity was observed at 96 h (36.01?�?1.09 nmol min-1 mg-1 of TP). Glutathione-S-transferase levels varied between species, being higher in L. mystacinus individuals but lower in S. squalirostris from RF at 48 (272.29 �11.78 and 71.87?�?1.70 nmol min-1 mg-1 of TP; respectively) and 96 h (279.25?�?13.06 and 57.62?�?4.58 nmol min-1 mg-1 of TP, respectively). Blood cell parameters revealed a lower number of mitotic cells (MC: 0.36?�?0.31%o for S. squalirostris and 0.08?�?0.05 %o for L. mystacinus) and higher number of eosinophils (E: 3.45?�?1.75 %o for S. squalirostris and 7.64?�?0.98 %o for L. mystacinus) in individuals from the RF than in individuals from the RS (MC: 2.55?�?0.74 %o for S. squalirostris and 1.87?�?0.72%o for L. mystacinus; and E: 0.13?�?0.09 for S. squalirostris and 3.20?�?0.80 for L. mystacinus). Overall, our results demonstrate the existence of apparent differences in sensitivity between species in a series of sublethal responses to short-term exposure in RF after the application of Lambda-cyhalothrin. We suggest that the integral use of biological endpoints (development and growth) together with biomarkers (cholinesterase, GST, and blood cell parameters) may be a promising integral procedure for investigating pesticide exposure in wild frog populations. PMID:24078141
Attademo, Andr�s Maximiliano; Peltzer, Paola Mariela; Lajmanovich, Rafael Carlos; Cabagna-Zenklusen, Mariana Cristina; Junges, Celina Mar�a; Basso, Agust�n
Blood was analyzed from 151 pelagic marine birds to establish reference ranges for hematological and plasma biochemical parameters from healthy, wild populations of Pacific seabirds. Of the 13 species examined, 9 were from the Family Alcidae (N = 122 individuals) and the remainder (N = 29) from the Families Phalacrocoracidae, Laridae, and Procellariidae. Three of 8 hematological parameters (total white blood cell count, lymphocyte count and eosinophil count) differed significantly among species, as did 9 of 13 plasma biochemical parameters (alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, cholesterol, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, total protein and field total protein). There were no differences among species for packed cell volume, buffy coat, cell counts of heterophils, monoqtes and basophils, or for concentrations of alanine aminotransferase, triglycerides, uric acid and calcium. Plasma calcium concentration, triglyceride levels and field total protein varied significantly between sexes, with females having higher mean concentrations of all 3 parameters. However, no significant relationships between measures of breeding condition (brood patch size, subcutaneous and mesenteric fat deposits, or ovarian follicle size and ovary weight) and calcium or alkaline phosphatase concentrations in female birds could be identified. Alanine aminotransferase and uric acid were the only analytes which did not differ significantly between species or sexes.
Newman, S. H.; Piatt, J. F.; White, J.
The genus Citrus of the family Rutaceae includes many species e.g. Citrus indica, Citrus aurantifolia and Citrus limon, among which Citrus limon L. Burm. f. has been reported to have highest antimicrobial activity. It is used as antidote against certain venom, due to its platelet inhibitory effect and also reported to have hypocholesterolemic effect. However its anticoagulant and thrombolytic effect were not been investigated, hence a prospective in-vitro/in-vivo study was designed to determine the effect of Citrus limon on blood parameters, coagulation and anticoagulation factors. In-vitro tests revealed highly significant increase in thrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time by Citrus limon, whereas fibrinogen concentration was significantly reduced in comparison to control, however prothrombin time was not affected significantly. In-vivo testing of Citrus limon was done at three different doses i.e. 0.2ml/kg, 0.4ml/kg and 0.6ml/kg in healthy rabbits. Significant changes were observed in hematological parameters such as erythrocytes, hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Bleeding time and thrombin time was significantly prolonged and there was increase in protein C and thrombin antithrombin complex levels. These results may be due to inactivation of thrombin because it significantly decreases fibrinogen concentration and inhibit platelet aggregation. Citrus limon showed maximal anticoagulant effect at 0.4ml/kg, which suggest that Citrus limon possesses an anti-thrombin component and could prevent thrombosis playing a cardio protective role. PMID:25015459
Riaz, Azra; Khan, Rafeeq Alam; Mirza, Talat; Mustansir, Tazeen; Ahmed, Mansoor
Comparative biochemical studies on steroidogenic compounds in chickens.
Comparative studies of the effects of Nordette and Lutofolone on 15 days old chicken were carried out to determine their effects on growth performance, biochemical parameters and an analysis of hormonal residues in the liver and muscle. Sixty chickens were equally divided into three groups. Group 1 was served as a control. Groups 2 and 3 were treated daily with Nordette (1 mg/kg B.W.) mixed in the ration and Lutofolone (0.5 mg/kg B.W.) orally via a bent stainless steel feeding tube, respectively, for 30 days (from the 15th till the 45th day old). Then these treated groups were left for another 15 days without any treatment. Blood samples were collected at 45 and 60 days old and used for biochemical studies, while liver and muscles were excised from each chicken and used to prepare tissue homogenate for estimation of hormonal residues (estrogen and progesterone). Both drugs caused a gain in body weight. They also increased several serum variables, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cholesterol, creatine kinase (CK), creatinine and uric acid, and reduced total proteins, albumin and globulin levels at 30 days post-administration. Moreover, this study exhibited a significant increase in the levels of estrogen residues in the liver and muscle. Estrogen level was much higher in the liver than muscles. However, some of these findings were insignificant changed at 15 days post-stopping of the hormones. Data on the biochemical parameters and residue levels obtained from these results clearly indicate that anabolic agents may entail a special risk to the chickens and probably to the consumer. PMID:20542304
Badr, Mohamed O T; Hashem, Mohamed A; Gado, Nissreen N
The present study attempts to investigate the effects of Psidium guajava (P. guajava) when administered in combination with sodium arsenite @ 20 ppm in drinking water with the aim of achieving normalization of altered biochemical, hematological parameters suggestive of hepatic damage and depletion of inorganic arsenic following chronic arsenic exposure. Thirty adult Wistar rats were given 20 ppm arsenic for eight weeks along with hydro alcoholic leaf extract of P. guajava at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight wt. (orally) (once daily for eight weeks). Arsenic exposure led to significant depletion of hemoglobin, red blood cells (RBC) and packed cell volume (PCV) but elevated leucocyte count (TLC). There was a significant increase (P<0.01/P<0.05) in serum aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphotase (ALP), acid phosphotase (ACP) and blood glucose whereas decrease in total protein level in arsenic-exposed untreated animals. The changes were accompanied by a significant elevation in blood and soft-tissue arsenic concentration. Co-administration of P. guajava was most effective not only in reducing arsenic-induced hematological and biochemical alterations but also in depleting arsenic from blood and soft tissues following arsenic exposure. We thus recommend combined leaf extract of P. guajava for achieving optimum effects of chelation therapy. PMID:22778508
Tandan, Neeraj; Roy, Manju; Roy, Sushovan
Factor Analysis of Biochemical Markers Associated with Bone Mineral Density in Adults
[Purpose] The aim of this study was to find biochemical markers related to low bone mineral density in Korean adults. [Subjects and Methods] From August 1 to September 15, 2013, subjects receiving medical checkups were classified as lumbar spine bone normal, osteopenic, or osteoporotic using a bone mineral densitometer. Next, age, body mass index, and biochemical parameter differences were compared among the three groups. [Results] The results revealed that, the relevant factors were maximum blood pressure, minimum blood pressure, bone mineral density, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), fasting blood glucose, iron, neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils. The bone mineral density of patients with osteoporosis was 0.763 times lower than that of normal subjects. The total bilirubin level of patients with osteoporosis was 0.45 times lower than that of normal subjects. The alkaline phosphatase level of patients with osteopenia was 1.059 times higher than that of normal subjects, and that in patients with osteoporosis was 1.088 times higher than that in normal subjects. The fasting blood glucose level of patients with osteoporosis was 0.963 times lower than that of normal subjects. The iron level of patients with osteoporosis was 0.986 times lower than that of normal subjects. [Conclusion] In conclusion, osteoporosis is a representative disease in elderly women due to aging and menopause, and more active interest should be taken for prevention and treatment. PMID:25202186
Cho, Jae-Hwan; Kim, Min-Tae; Lee, Hae-Kag; Hong, In-Sik; Jang, Hyon-Chol
In Iran, Cysticercus tenuicollis, the metacestode stage of Taenia hydatigena is endemic. The migration of this parasite causes traumatic hepatitis and death in young animals. The objective of this work was to evaluate hematological, biochemical and pathological findings in 50 goats infected with C. tenuicollis in comparison with 50 non-infected goats, as control group. This study was carried out as case-control. Blood and liver samples were taken from the goats, analyzed for hematology and biochemical parameters and liver samples were prepared for paraffin blocks, sectioning and staining for further microscopic study in pathology laboratory. Significant decrease in red blood cell count, hemoglobin, packed cell volume and total protein (P�<�0.05) and significant increase in white blood cell count, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were observed in infected goats (P�<�0.05), compared with those in non-infected control group. The microscopic lesion in liver included large concentric foci of hemorrhage in migration stage and decreased number of hepatocytes, dilation of sinusoids, presence of inflammatory cells in portal areas and double layered parasitic cyst formation in chronic stages. In conclusion, various changes in parameters could have deleterious effect on morbidity and mortality of the herd. PMID:24505181
Radfar, Mohammad Hossein; Zarandi, Mehdi Borhani; Bamorovat, Mehdi; Kheirandish, Reza; Sharifi, Iraj
Tissue Residues, Hematological and Biochemical Effects of Tilmicosin in Broiler Chicken
The aim of this study was to determine the blood and tissue concentrations profile and effect of tilmicosin on some hematological and biochemical parameters in broiler chicken. Fifty clinically healthy Hubbard chickens were orally administered 25?mg/kg BW of tilmicosin once daily for 5 consecutive days. Tissue residues of tilmicosin in slaughtered healthy chicken could not be detected by microbiological assay in all tested tissues except in lung (at 96 hours) and liver and kidneys (at 72 hours) after last administration. Tilmicosin caused temporary decrease in the RBCs and WBCs counts and has no effect on hemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume concentration (PCV). Also, the effect of tilmicosin on some biochemical parameters was as follows: the concentrations of creatinine, uric acid, electrolytes (sodium, potassium, and calcium), glucose, AST, ALT, ALP, and HDL-cholesterol in the serum of treated chicken did not change in response to the repeated oral administration of tilmicosin. There were only a temporary significant decrease in total protein and albumin concentrations and a significant increase in cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations. Chicken must not be slaughtered before 4 days from the stopping of tilmicosin administration. Tilmicosin makes temporary changes on hematological and biochemical parameters in broiler chicken. PMID:24808972
Elsayed, Mossad; Elkomy, Ashraf; Morad, Mohamed
Evaluation of clinicopathological parameters in cattle grazing timber milkvetch.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether hematological and serum biochemical parameters could be used to diagnose poisoning in cattle grazing timber milkvetch (Astragalus miser var. serotinus), a nitropropanol-containing legume. Blood samples were obtained from 20 Hereford cattle on timber milkvetch range in southern British Columbia during 1992 and 1993. Relevant changes in blood parameters were not detected and the parameters could not be used to predict nitropropanol ingestion or intoxication. The same parameters were measured in dosing trials with cattle with rumen fistulas, but relevant changes were not detected. Succinate dehydrogenase is the key target in nitropropanol intoxication and an assay for this enzyme may provide a probe for diagnosis. PMID:8681281
Maricle, B; Tobey, J; Majak, W; Hall, J W
Evaluation of clinicopathological parameters in cattle grazing timber milkvetch.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether hematological and serum biochemical parameters could be used to diagnose poisoning in cattle grazing timber milkvetch (Astragalus miser var. serotinus), a nitropropanol-containing legume. Blood samples were obtained from 20 Hereford cattle on timber milkvetch range in southern British Columbia during 1992 and 1993. Relevant changes in blood parameters were not detected and the parameters could not be used to predict nitropropanol ingestion or intoxication. The same parameters were measured in dosing trials with cattle with rumen fistulas, but relevant changes were not detected. Succinate dehydrogenase is the key target in nitropropanol intoxication and an assay for this enzyme may provide a probe for diagnosis. Images Figre 1. PMID:8681281
Maricle, B; Tobey, J; Majak, W; Hall, J W
5 Biochemical Characterization of
99 5 Biochemical Characterization of Phototransduction RGS9-1GAP Complex Qiong Wang and Theodore G.7 Localization of Proteins in Rod Outer Segments by Subcellular Fractionation and Immunofluorescence to the inactive GDP-bound conformations. This conceptually simple func- tion is complex in its biochemical details
Wensel, Theodore G.
Biochemical transformation of coals
A method of biochemically transforming macromolecular compounds found in solid carbonaceous materials, such as coal is provided. The preparation of new microorganisms, metabolically weaned through challenge growth processes to biochemically transform solid carbonaceous materials at extreme temperatures, pressures, pH, salt and toxic metal concentrations is also disclosed. 7 figs.
Lin, M.S.; Premuzic, E.T.
Biochemical transformation of coals
A method of biochemically transforming macromolecular compounds found in solid carbonaceous materials, such as coal is provided. The preparation of new microorganisms, metabolically weaned through challenge growth processes to biochemically transform solid carbonaceous materials at extreme temperatures, pressures, pH, salt and toxic metal concentrations is also disclosed.
Lin, Mow S. (Rocky Point, NY); Premuzic, Eugene T. (East Moriches, NY)
A study was conducted using 360 broiler chickens to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E (0, 125 and 250 mg/kg), selenium (Se, 0, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg), or their different combinations on immune response and blood biological parameters of broilers raised under either thermoneutral (TN, 23.9 �C constant) or heat stress (HS, 23.9 to 37 �C cycling) conditions. Humoral immunity was assessed by intravenous injection of 7% sheep red blood cell (SRBC) followed by evaluation of serum for antibody titers in primary and secondary responses. Heterophil to lymphocyte (H/L) ratio also determined as an indicator of stress. Furthermore, at the end of the experiment, birds were bled for determination of some biological parameters. There was a significant reduction in body weight and feed intake, but the feed conversion ratio increased when the birds were exposed to HS (P<0.05). Body weight and feed intake were not influenced significantly by dietary vitamin E and Se (P>0.05), whereas feed conversion was improved significantly by 125 mg/kg vitamin E (P<0.05). The liver and lymphoid organ weights as well as IgM and IgG, antibody titers for primary and secondary antibody responses to SRBC were reduced significantly under HS (P<0.05). Heat stress also resulted in a significant increase in H/L ratio (P<0.05). Dietary vitamin E resulted in improvement of primary and secondary antibody responses both in TN and HS broilers (P<0.05). The HS birds also showed an improved antibody titer in secondary response with high concentration of Se (P<0.05). Vitamin E and Se had interactive effects on anti-SRBC titers; however, no consistent differences were found between dietary levels during the study. The H/L ratio decreased by feeding vitamin E at both levels either under HS or TN conditions (P?0.05). The serum concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol were increased but serum HDL-cholesterol decreased in HS broilers (P<0.05). PMID:23525898
Habibian, Mahmood; Ghazi, Shahab; Moeini, Mohammad Mehdi; Abdolmohammadi, Alireza
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
A study was conducted using 360 broiler chickens to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E (0, 125 and 250 mg/kg), selenium (Se, 0, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg), or their different combinations on immune response and blood biological parameters of broilers raised under either thermoneutral (TN, 23.9 �C constant) or heat stress (HS, 23.9 to 37 �C cycling) conditions. Humoral immunity was assessed by intravenous injection of 7 % sheep red blood cell (SRBC) followed by evaluation of serum for antibody titers in primary and secondary responses. Heterophil to lymphocyte (H/L) ratio also determined as an indicator of stress. Furthermore, at the end of the experiment, birds were bled for determination of some biological parameters. There was a significant reduction in body weight and feed intake, but the feed conversion ratio increased when the birds were exposed to HS ( P < 0.05). Body weight and feed intake were not influenced significantly by dietary vitamin E and Se ( P > 0.05), whereas feed conversion was improved significantly by 125 mg/kg vitamin E ( P < 0.05). The liver and lymphoid organ weights as well as IgM and IgG, antibody titers for primary and secondary antibody responses to SRBC were reduced significantly under HS ( P < 0.05). Heat stress also resulted in a significant increase in H/L ratio ( P < 0.05). Dietary vitamin E resulted in improvement of primary and secondary antibody responses both in TN and HS broilers ( P < 0.05). The HS birds also showed an improved antibody titer in secondary response with high concentration of Se ( P < 0.05). Vitamin E and Se had interactive effects on anti-SRBC titers; however, no consistent differences were found between dietary levels during the study. The H/L ratio decreased by feeding vitamin E at both levels either under HS or TN conditions ( P < 0.05). The serum concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol were increased but serum HDL-cholesterol decreased in HS broilers ( P < 0.05).
Habibian, Mahmood; Ghazi, Shahab; Moeini, Mohammad Mehdi; Abdolmohammadi, Alireza
Toxicosis associated with benzimidazole anthelmintics has been reported with increasing frequency in zoologic collections. Clinical signs, clinicopathologic abnormalities, and gross and histologic lesions are primarily the result of damage to the gastrointestinal and hematopoietic systems. Profound leukopenia, especially granulocytopenia, is the most common and severe clinicopathologic change associated with benzimidazole administration. Death usually occurs from overwhelming systemic bacterial and/or fungal infections secondary to severe immunosuppression. In this 125-day study, six male Hermann's tortoises (Testudo hermanni) were treated orally with two 5-day courses of fenbendazole 2 wk apart at a dosage of 50 mg/kg. Serial blood samples were used to assess hematologic and plasma biochemical changes before, during, and following the treatment period. Although the tortoises remained healthy, blood sampling indicated an extended heteropenia with transient hypoglycemia, hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, and equivocal hyperproteinemia/hyperglobulinemia, which were considered to be in response to fenbendazole administration. Changes in several other clinicopathologic parameters appeared to correlate with fenbendazole administration. The hematologic and biochemical changes seen in the healthy animals in this study should be considered when treating compromised tortoises with fenbendazole. Hematologic and plasma biochemical status of tortoises/reptiles should be determined before treatment and monitored during the treatment period. The risk of mortality of an individual from nematode infection should be assessed relative to the potential for metabolic alteration and secondary septicemia following damage to hematopoietic and gastrointestinal systems by fenbendazole. PMID:17312724
Neiffer, Donald L; Lydick, Dianna; Burks, Kyle; Doherty, Donna
Initial blood storage experiment
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The possibility of conducting experiments with the formed elements of the blood under conditions of microgravity opens up important opportunities to improve the understanding of basic formed element physiology, as well as, contribution to improved preservation of the formed elements for use in transfusion. The physiological, biochemical, and physical changes of the membrane of the erythrocyte, platelet, and leukocyte was studied during storage under two specific conditions: standard blood bank conditions and microgravity, utilizing three FDA approved plastic bags. Storage lesions; red cell storage on Earth; platelet storage on Earth; and leukocyte storage Earth were examined. The interaction of biomaterials and blood cells was studied during storage.
Surgenor, Douglas MACN.
Biochemical Engineering / Biotechnology
... research areas include, but are not limited to: cell culture systems; biosensor development ... blood vessels, liver cells, pancreatic islet cells, cartilage, nerve cells, bone marrow, and blood ...
Background Cancer patients are at high risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). Red cell distribution width (RDW) has been reported to be associated with arterial and venous thrombosis and mortality in several diseases. Here, we analyzed the association between RDW and other red blood cell (RBC) parameters with risk of VTE and mortality in patients with cancer. Methods RBC parameters were measured in 1840 patients with cancers of the brain, breast, lung, stomach, colon, pancreas, prostate, kidney; lymphoma, multiple myeloma and other tumor sites, that were included in the Vienna Cancer and Thrombosis Study (CATS), which is an ongoing prospective, observational cohort study of patients with newly diagnosed or progressive cancer after remission. Primary study outcome is occurrence of symptomatic VTE and secondary outcome is death during a maximum follow-up of 2 years. Results During a median follow-up of 706 days, 131 (7.1%) patients developed VTE and 702 (38.2%) died. High RDW (>16%) was not associated with a higher risk of VTE in the total study cohort; in competing risk analysis accounting for death as competing variable the univariable subhazard ratio (SHR) was 1.34 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80�2.23, p?=?0.269). There was also no significant association between other RBC parameters and risk of VTE. High RDW was associated with an increased risk of mortality in the total study population (hazard ratio [HR, 95% CI]: 1.72 [1.39�2.12], p<0.001), and this association prevailed after adjustment for age, sex, hemoglobin, leukocyte and platelet count (HR [95% CI]: 1.34 [1.06�1.70], p?=?0.016). Conclusions RDW and other RBC parameters were not independently associated with risk of VTE in patients with cancer and might therefore not be of added value for estimating risk of VTE in patients with cancer. We could confirm that high RDW is an independent predictor of poor overall survival in cancer. PMID:25347577
Riedl, Julia; Posch, Florian; Konigsbrugge, Oliver; Lotsch, Felix; Reitter, Eva-Maria; Eigenbauer, Ernst; Marosi, Christine; Schwarzinger, Ilse; Zielinski, Christoph; Pabinger, Ingrid; Ay, Cihan
Biochemical correlates of neurosensory changes in weightlessness
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The possible existence of a relationship between space motion sickness and chemical and biochemical variables measured in body fluids is studied. Clinical chemistry and endocrine measurements from blood and urine samples taken before and after Space Shuttle flights were analyzed along with the occurrence of SMS during flight and provocative testing before flight. Significant positive correlations were observed with serum chloride and significant negative correlations with serum phosphate, serum uric acid, and plasma thyroid stimulating hormone.
Leach, Carolyn S.; Reschke, Millard F.
The study was conducted to determine the effects of low ambient temperature (LAT) and a vitamin C (VC) dietary supplement on the growth performance, blood parameters, and antioxidant capacity of 21-d-old broilers. A total of 400 one-day-old male Cobb broilers were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments as follows: 1) LAT and a basal diet; 2) LAT and a basal diet supplemented with 1,000 mg of VC/kg (LAT + VC); 3) normal ambient temperature (NAT) and a basal diet; 4) NAT and a basal diet supplemented with 1,000 mg of VC/kg (NAT + VC). All birds were fed to 21 d of age. Broilers in groups 1 and 2 were raised at 24 to 26�C during 1 to 7 d, and at 9 to 11�C during 8 to 21 d, whereas groups 3 and 4 were raised at 29 to 31�C during 1 to 7 d and at 24 to 26�C during 8 to 21 d. The LAT increased the feed conversion ratio during the whole experimental period (P < 0.01), whereas it increased heart index at 21 d (P < 0.05) and hematocrit and hemoglobin level at 14 d (P < 0.05). Supplementing the diet with VC increased hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red blood cell count at 21 d (P < 0.05). At 21 d, LAT conditions decreased total antioxidant capacity in the serum, liver, and lungs (P < 0.05), and it also increased the levels of VC in the serum and liver, the amount of protein carbonylation in liver and lungs, and the malondialdehyde level in the lungs (P < 0.05). The addition of VC tended to increase the total antioxidant capacity level in serum (P < 0.1). Low ambient temperature resulted in oxidative stress for broilers that were fed from 1 to 21 d of age, whereas no significant effect was found on the antioxidant activity by dietary VC supplementation. PMID:24706967
Yang, X; Luo, Y H; Zeng, Q F; Zhang, K Y; Ding, X M; Bai, S P; Wang, J P
To investigate the effect of dietary Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharide (ASPS) on growth performance, immunity, blood parameters and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in immunologically challenged piglets, an experiment employing 2�2 factorial arrangement concerning dietary ASPS treatment (0 or 800 mg/kg) and immunological challenge (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] or saline injection) was conducted with 64 crossbred piglets (weaned at 28 d of age, average initial body weight of 7.25�0.21 kg) assigned to two dietary ASPS treatments with 8 replicates of 4 pigs each. Half of the piglets of per dietary treatment were injected with LPS or saline on d 14. Blood samples were obtained at 3 h after immunological injection on d 14 and piglets were slaughtered to obtain spleen samples on d 21. Dietary ASPS did not affect average daily gain (ADG) (p = 0.634), average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p = 0.655), and gain:feed (p = 0.814) prior to LPS challenge. After LPS challenge, for LPS-challenged pigs those fed ASPS had higher ADG and ADFI than the non-supplemented group (p<0.05), and an interaction between LPS�ASPS was observed on the two indices (p<0.05). Dietary ASPS improved lymphocyte proliferation among saline-injected and LPS-injected pigs (p<0.05). Interaction between LPS�ASPS was also revealed on lymphocyte proliferation (p<0.05). Circulatory concentration of IgG was influenced neither by ASPS (p = 0.803) or LPS (p = 0.692), nor their interaction (p = 0.289). Plasma concentration and spleen mRNA expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1?), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-? were induced to increase (p<0.05) by LPS challenge, in contrast, these indices were decreased by dietary ASPS (p<0.05), and interactions were found on these cytokines (p<0.05). For LPS-challenged pigs, dietary ASPS also reduced the circulating concentration and spleen mRNA expression of IL-1?, IL-6 as well as TNF-? (p<0.05). The interaction between LPS�ASPS was also observed on the circulating concentration of insulin-like growth factor- I, ?-acid glycoprotein (?-AGP), nonesterified fatty acid, and glucose (p<0.05). The results of this study demonstrate that dietary ASPS can modulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines during immunological challenge, which might enable piglets to achieve better growth performance. PMID:25050047
Han, Jie; Bian, Lianquan; Liu, Xianjun; Zhang, Fei; Zhang, Yiran; Yu, Ning
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
A review is provided which covers the development, present status, and future outlook of biochemical fuel cell research. Its contents include: Bioelectrochemistry; Biofuel cells; (Fuels for Biofuel cells, Oxidation agents for biofuel cells, Organisms for ...
M. Cenek
Background Hematologic and biochemical reference intervals depend on many factors, including age. A review of the literature highlights the lack of reference intervals for 6-wk-old specific pathogen free (SPF) Hampshire-Yorkshire crossbred pigs. For translational research, 6-wk-old pigs represent an important animal model for both human juvenile colitis and diabetes mellitus type 2 given the similarities between the porcine and human gastrointestinal maturation process. The aim of this study was to determine reference intervals for hematological and biochemical parameters in healthy 6-wk-old crossbred pigs. Blood samples were collected from 66 clinically healthy Hampshire-Yorkshire pigs. The pigs were 6 wks old, represented both sexes, and were housed in a SPF facility. Automated hematological and biochemical analysis were performed using an ADVIA 120 Hematology System and a Cobas 6000 C501 Clinical Chemistry Analyzer. Results Reference intervals were calculated using both parametric and nonparametric methods. The mean, median, minimum, and maximum values were calculated. Conclusion As pigs are used more frequently as medical models of human disease, having reference intervals for commonly measured hematological and biochemical parameters in 6-wk-old pigs will be useful. The reference intervals calculated in this study will aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of both naturally occurring and experimentally induced disease. In comparison to published reference intervals for older non SPF pigs, notable differences in leukocyte populations, and in levels of sodium, potassium, glucose, protein, and alkaline phosphatase were observed. PMID:24410946
Objective: Obesity and iron deficiency (ID) are the 2 most common nutritional disorders worldwide causing significant public health implications. Obesity is characterized by the presence of low-grade inflammation, which may lead to a number of diseases including insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. Increased levels of acute-phase proteins such as C-reactive protein (CRP) have been reported in obesity-related inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of obesity/IR on iron and red blood cell related parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 206 patients and 45 control subjects of normal weight were included in this cross-sectional study. Venous blood samples were taken from each patient to measure hemoglobin (Hb), serum iron (Fe), iron-binding capacity (IBC), ferritin, CRP, fasting blood glucose, and fasting insulin. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated for each patient. IR was determined using the HOMA-IR formula. Results: Subjects were divided into 3 groups according to BMI. There were 152 severely obese (BMI: 42.6�10.1), 54 mildly obese (BMI: 32.4�2.1), and 45 normal-weight (BMI: 24.3�1.3) patients. Hb levels in severely obese patients and normal controls were 12.8�1.3 g/dL and 13.6�1.8 g/dL, respectively. We found decreasing Fe levels with increasing weight (14.9�6.9 �mol/L, 13.6�6.3 �mol/L, and 10.9�4.6 �mol/L for normal controls and mildly and severely obese patients, respectively). Hb levels were slightly lower in patients with higher HOMA-IR values (13.1�1.5 g/dL vs. 13.2�1.2 g/dL; p=0.36). Serum iron levels were significantly higher in the group with low HOMA-IR values (13.6�5.9 �mol/L vs. 11.6�4.9 �mol/L; p=0.008). IBC was found to be similar in both groups (60.2�11.4 �mol/L vs. 61.9�10.7 �mol/L; p=0.23). Ferritin was slightly higher in patients with higher HOMA-IR values (156.1�209.5 pmol/L vs. 145.3�131.5 pmol/L; p=0.62). Conclusion: Elevated BMI and IR are associated with lower Fe and hemoglobin levels. These findings may be explained by the chronic inflammation of obesity and may contribute to obesity-related co-morbidities. People with IR may present with ID without anemia. PMID:24764731
Altunoglu, Esma; Muderrisoglu, Cuneyt; Erdenen, Fusun; Ulgen, Ender; Ar, M. Cem
Background The standard uptake value (SUV) approach in oncological positron emission tomography has known shortcomings, all of which affect the reliability of the SUV as a surrogate of the targeted quantity, the metabolic rate of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), Km. Among the shortcomings are time dependence, susceptibility to errors in scanner and dose calibration, insufficient correlation between systemic distribution volume and body weight, and, consequentially, residual inter-study variability of the arterial input function (AIF) despite SUV normalization. Especially the latter turns out to be a crucial factor adversely affecting the correlation between SUV and Km and causing inter-study variations of tumor SUVs that do not reflect actual changes of the metabolic uptake rate. In this work, we propose to replace tumor SUV by the tumor-to-blood standard uptake ratio (SUR) in order to distinctly improve the linear correlation with Km. Methods Assuming irreversible FDG kinetics, SUR can be expected to exhibit a much better linear correlation to Km than SUV. The theoretical derivation for this prediction is given and evaluated in a group of nine patients with liver metastases of colorectal cancer for which 15 fully dynamic investigations were available and Km could thus be derived from conventional Patlak analysis. Results For any fixed time point T at sufficiently late times post injection, the Patlak equation predicts a linear correlation between SUR and Km under the following assumptions: (1) approximate shape invariance (but arbitrary scale) of the AIF across scans/patients and (2) low variability of the apparent distribution volume Vr (the intercept of the Patlak Plot). This prediction - and validity of the underlying assumptions - has been verified in the investigated patient group. Replacing tumor SUVs by SURs does improve the linear correlation of the respective parameter with Km from r = 0.61 to r = 0.98. Conclusions SUR is an easily measurable parameter that is highly correlated to Km. In this respect, it is clearly superior to SUV. Therefore, SUR should be seriously considered as a drop-in replacement for SUV-based approaches. PMID:24267032
The study was carried out concerning the between content of apolipoproteins A and B in blood and lipid metabolism in population of North Polar regions and Southern regions of Caucasus. The differences of correlation relationships depending on concentration of apolipoproteins A and B in blood in population dwelling in territories climate geographic regions were detected. PMID:23807990
Bichkaeva, F A; Kokoev, T I; Dzhioeva, Ts G; Dzhabieva, Z A; Volkova, N I; Tret'iakova, T V; Vlasova, T S
... Groups Advocacy Toolkit Home / For Patients / Blood Disorders Blood Clots Blood clotting, or coagulation, is an important ... of blood and its nutrients. back to top Blood Clots: A Patient's Journey back to top Am ...
Intracavity laser refractometry of blood
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
We have developed Intracavity Laser Refractometry in Reflection (ILRR) method which is perspective for research of liquid biological media. It is based on the control of the laser spectrum. Fast-action and sensitivity of ILRR method correspond to the best results in optical measurements. ILRR method was used for determination of blood refractive index values of healthy and sick persons. The refractive index correlates with the course of the disease. It can serve objective parameter for an estimation of a level of inflammatory processes on organism. We have investigated photoresponse of the blood to low-level laser irradiation. Photoresponse starts just after the turning on red He-Ne therapeutic laser beam. After several dozens milliseconds there is a saturation. At the same time weak thermal effect produces small and slow influence on the refractive index behavior. It can be supposed that fast part of the photoresponse corresponds to the start of biochemical processes. The investigations of photoresponse of plasma leukocytes and erythrocytes showed that the erythrocytes are main photoreceptors of red light on cellular level. Hemoglobin is responsible for the fast photoresponse on molecular level. The refractive index behavior in real time allows to evaluate maximum therapeutic dose on organism, cellular, and molecular levels.
Gonchukov, Sergei A.; Lazarev, Yuri B.
Plasma volume and biochemical changes in athletes during bed rest chronic hyperhydration
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Daily fluid and salt supplements (FSS) may be used to reduce plasma biochemical changes during bed rest (BR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a daily intake of FSS on plasma volume (PV) and biochemical changes during BR. Studies were done during a pre BR period of 15 days and during a BR period of 30 days. Thirty male athletes aged 22-26 years were chosen as subjects. They were divided into three groups: unsupplemented ambulatory control subjects (UACS), unsupplemented bed rested subjects (UBRS) and supplemented bed rested subjects (SBRS). The UBRS and SBRS were kept under a rigorous bed rest regime for 30 days. The SBRS took 26 ml water/kg body weight and 0.1 g sodium chloride/kg body weight daily. PV, protein, albumin, sodium (Na), Chloride (Cl), potassium (K), osmolality, creatinine, glucose, and whole blood haematocrit (Hct) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations were measured. PV increased significantly ( P?0.01) while plasma protein, albumin, Na, Cl, K, glucose, creatinine, osmolality, and whole blood Hb and Hct concentration decreased significantly ( P?0.01) in the SBRS group when compared with the UBRS group. By contrast, PV decreased significantly ( P?0.01), while plasma protein, albumin, Na, Cl, K, glucose, creatinine, osmolality and whole blood Hct and Hb concentration increased significantly ( P?0.01) in the UBRS group when compared with the SBRS and UACS groups. The measured parameters did not change significantly in the UACS group when compared with the baseline control values. It was concluded that a daily intake of FSS may be used to attenuate PV losses and biochemical changes in endurance trained athletes during bed rest.
Zorbas, Yan G.; Yarullin, Vladimir L.; Denogradov, Sergei D.; Afonin, Victor B.
The aims of this study were to evaluate links between biochemical markers and competition and training conditions, overtraining questionnaire scores, and anthropometric characteristics of young elite rugby players and to identify evolving profiles of fatigue during the sports season. Twelve elite rugby players were included in the study. The tests were carried out every 15 days over the course of one sporting season from July until March, including the interseason. Changes in body composition parameters, blood biochemistry, and scores on various questionnaires were examined. The majority of the biochemical parameters and subjective variables showed significant variations over time. There were significant positive correlations between overtraining scores and alanine amino transferase (ALAT; r = 0.24, p < 0.05) and creatine phosphokinase (CK; r = 0.3, p < 0.01) levels. In addition, game time was significantly correlated with changes in CK (r = 0.46, p < 0.01), whereas difficult training sessions were significantly correlated with changes in both CK (r = 0.27, p < 0.05) and ALAT (r = 0.33, p < 0.01). We suggest that regular monitoring of these biochemical parameters may provide important information for the coach on the fatigue of rugby players and their perceived difficulty of training. PMID:22237140
Alaphilippe, Anne; Mandigout, St�phane; Ratel, S�bastien; Bonis, Jo�lle; Courteix, Daniel; Duclos, Martine
Thermodynamic constraints for biochemical networks.
The constraint-based approach to analysis of biochemical systems has emerged as a useful tool for rational metabolic engineering. Flux balance analysis (FBA) is based on the constraint of mass conservation; energy balance analysis (EBA) is based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics. The power of these approaches lies in the fact that the constraints are based on physical laws, and do not make use of unknown parameters. Here, we show that the network structure (i.e. the stoichiometric matrix) alone provides a system of constraints on the fluxes in a biochemical network which are feasible according to both mass balance and the laws of thermodynamics. A realistic example shows that these constraints can be sufficient for deriving unambiguous, biologically meaningful results. The thermodynamic constraints are obtained by comparing of the sign pattern of the flux vector to the sign patterns of the cycles of the internal cycle space via connection between stoichiometric network theory (SNT) and the mathematical theory of oriented matroids. PMID:15135031
Beard, Daniel A; Babson, Eric; Curtis, Edward; Qian, Hong
Biochemical investigation of cypermethrin toxicity in rabbits.
Pyrethroids are the most frequently used pesticides in agriculture, forestry, horticulture, hospitals public health, homes and textile industry. Cypermethrin, a composite pyrethroid is moderately toxic to mammals. Exposure to the pyrethroids occurs by inhalation, dermal and oral routes both accidentally as well as from the environment. Cypermethrin and DDT have been detected in human breast milk from malaria endemic area in South Africa. The WHO has recommended that the level of permethrin in drinking water not exceed 20 micrograms per liter (microg/L). The effects of exposure to any hazardous substance depend on the dose, the duration, how you are exposed, personal traits, habits and whether other chemicals are present. Pyrethroids are often combined commercially with other chemicals called synergists, which enhance the insecticidal activity of the pyrethrins and pyrethroids. The synergists prevent some enzymes from breaking down the pyrethrins and pyrethroids, thus increasing their toxicity. Because these compounds are broken down in the body quickly, there are several ways to measure the metabolites of these chemicals in human blood and urine. In this study the pyrethroid cypermethrin Sherpa 25% (active substance 250 g/l cypermethrin) was used, rabbits (1 kg weight), were gavaged by 1/20 LD50 for 3 weeks (one dose every week). Blood was collected before dosing and after 24, 72, 144 hours after the treatment. Enzyme activities were assayed in the plasma samples obtained. GOT, GPT, ALPH, CREA, GGT, Glucose and Total Pro were measured. Rabbits showed depression, decrease in feed intake, body weight and loose faeces. Livers exhibited fatty change, necrosis, lesions in kidney included tubular necrosis and pink homogeneous tubular casts. Serum ALT and creatinine concentrations increased while those of total proteins, albumin, serum cholesterol and triglycerides decreased.The results showed a decrease in RBC; WBC and Hb. This probably explained by the effect of cypermethrin on the erythropoiesis. An increase of plasma enzyme activities in GOT, GPT and CPK were recorded, explain a high energy-generating product. An increase, in the plasma enzyme activity in Alkaline phosphatase, related to their role in the cell permeability. The histopathological results showed lesions and morphological changes of hepato-cellular, fibrosis and appearance of inflammatory infiltrate, confirmed disturbances of the biochemical parameters. These changes were much underlines during the animal toxicity. PMID:20218522
Dahamna, S; Harzallah, D; Guemache, A; Sekfali, N
1 EXPLORING BIOCHEMICAL ADAPTATION: Synthetic Intuition on a Family Farm www" by Lao Tzu #12;2 Storey Family Farm SYNTHETIC INTUITION 1) A new mix of ideas leads to a new field: Zoology, Ecology, Field Trips 3) Any new set of data reorganizes itself through UNRELATED pieces
Storey, Kenneth B.
Nanoparticles as biochemical sensors
There is little doubt that nanoparticles offer real and new opportunities in many fields, such as biomedicine and materials science. Such particles are small enough to enter almost all areas of the body, including cells and organelles, potentially leading to new approaches in nanomedicine. Sensors for small molecules of biochemical interest are of critical importance. This review is an attempt to trace the use of nanomaterials in biochemical sensor design. The possibility of using nanoparticles functionalized with antibodies as markers for proteins will be elucidated. Moreover, capabilities and applications for nanoparticles based on gold, silver, magnetic, and semiconductor materials (quantum dots), used in optical (absorbance, luminescence, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance), electrochemical, and mass-sensitive sensors will be highlighted. The unique ability of nanosensors to improve the analysis of biochemical fluids is discussed either through considering the use of nanoparticles for in vitro molecular diagnosis, or in the biological/biochemical analysis for in vivo interaction with the human body. PMID:24198472
El-Ansary, Afaf; Faddah, Layla M
Measures of Biochemical Sociology
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
In a previous article, the authors introduced a new sub field in sociology that we labeled "biochemical sociology." We introduced the definition of a sociology that encompasses sociological measures, psychological measures, and biological indicators Snell & Marsh (2003). In this article, we want to demonstrate a research strategy that would assess�
Snell, Joel; Marsh, Mitchell
Cyanobacteria are producers of potent and environmentally abundant microcystins, representing an emerging global health issue. In the present study, we investigated the impact of cyanobacterial biomass on biochemical indices of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L., average weight of 246���73�g) under laboratory conditions. The fish were fed a diet containing cyanobacterial biomass with microcystins in high concentration (0.4�mg/kg of fish weight and day) for 28�days. Statistical evaluation of the influence of the cyanobacterial biomass in food on the biochemical indices of the juvenile carp showed only minor differences. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase value and the urea concentration were significantly reduced compared to control group. The biochemical parameters of fish blood plasma significantly rose during the experiment in the control group as well as in the experimental group. This state was probably influenced by the environmental conditions and the fish diet. A significant rising value was established in calcium creatinine, total protein, phosphorus, lactate, urea and natrium. The present study demonstrates that the oral exposure of toxic cyanobacterial biomass has a minor influence on the biochemical indices of common carp and that the effect of other factors, e.g., nutrition is more visible. PMID:24972534
Kopp, Radovan; Pal�kov�, Miroslava; Navr�til, Stanislav; Mare�, Jan
In Vivo Blood Characterization from Bioimpedance Spectroscopy of Blood
In Vivo Blood Characterization from Bioimpedance Spectroscopy of Blood Pooling Tao Dai Department indices such as haematocrit, glucose level and hydration. Current in vivo bioimpedance spectroscopy parameters for many biomedical and clinical monitoring applications. #12;Index Terms Bioimpedance
Adler, Andy
Effect of Pravastatin on Echocardiographic Circulation Parameters in Dogs
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pravastatin (PS) on hemodynamic parameters in healthy dogs. Five beagle dogs were repeatedly used in each of the 4 groups. One group was not medicated (control). Dogs in other groups received 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg PS orally q24hr, for 4 weeks. Physical examination, blood biochemical tests, blood pressure measurements and Doppler echocardiography were performed before and 1, 2 and 4 weeks after PS administration in all dogs. PS significantly reduced the left atrial-to-aortic diameter ratio (LA/Ao), early diastolic transmitral flow (E) wave, E/early diastolic mitral annulus motion velocity (Em) ratio, left ventricular (LV) fractional shortening, LV ejection fraction, mid systolic myocardial velocity gradient, stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), right and left ventricular Tei indices and elevated Em and early diastolic myocardial velocity gradient. Heart rate was not significantly altered during PS administration, but mean blood pressure decreased slightly. The hematological and blood biochemical values were within normal limits during PS administration. These results revealed that PS administration increases LV expansion capacity and decreases LV constriction and left atrial pressure. It has been suggested that PS may be effective in improving heart failures with LV diastolic dysfunction or elevated left atrial pressure in dogs. PMID:24317157
ARITA, Shinji; ARITA, Noboru; HIKASA, Yoshiaki
Differential; White blood cell differential count ... The health care provider will take blood from your vein. The blood collects into an airtight container. In infants or a young child, blood will be taken from a ...
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If you have some kinds of heart or blood vessel disease, or if you have poor blood flow to your brain, your doctor may recommend that you take a blood thinner. Blood thinners reduce the risk of heart ...
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... the blood cells as belonging in our own system. Blood cell markers are microscopic. But they can make the difference between blood being accepted or rejected after a transfusion. So medical experts group blood into types based on the different ...
The present study was conducted to define the physiological responses of captive sloth bears immobilized with ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride and to determine and compare the values of hematology and serum biochemical parameters between sexes. A total of 15 sloth bears were immobilized using combination of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride drugs at the dose rate of 5.0?milligram (mg) per kg body weight and 2.0?mg per kg body weight, respectively. The use of combination of these drugs was found satisfactory for the chemical immobilization of captive sloth bears. There were no significant differences observed in induction time and recovery time and physiological parameters such as heart rate, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature between sexes. Health related parameters comprising hematological values like packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC), erythrocyte indices, and so forth and biochemical values like total protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alkaline amino-transferase (ALT), aspartate amino-transferase (AST), and so forth were estimated in 11 (5 males and 6 females) apparently healthy bears. Comparison between sexes revealed significant difference in PCV (P < 0.0