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Cancer Stem Cells Detected in Colon Tumors
Two teams of researchers have detected cancer stem cells in tumors from patients with colon cancer. When transplanted into mice, the cancer stem cells were able to form tumors that resembled the originals in patients, while most tumor cells could not.
Colon cancer is the latest type of cancer linked to these rare cells, which were first found in acute myeloid leukemia in 1994 and more recently in breast and brain tumors. The findings appeared online in two studies in Nature November 19. Read more
All Ireland-NCI Consortium Rolls On
Approximately 2 years ago, in a special issue of the NCI Cancer Bulletin, there was a photo of Dr. Joe Harford, head of the NCI Office of International Affairs, with several dignitaries, holding a scale model of a new cancer research facility to be built in Belfast, Northern Ireland. About 2 weeks ago, I had the opportunity to tour the newly constructed facility, the Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB) on the campus of Queen's University Belfast.
The construction of this state-of-the-art facility, which is scheduled to be completely open early next year, could not have happened without the support of the Ireland-Northern Ireland-NCI Cancer Consortium, which is now entering its seventh year and is helping to transform cancer research and care across the island of Ireland. Read more
Cancer Stem Cells Detected in Colon Tumors
Two teams of researchers have detected cancer stem cells in tumors from patients with colon cancer. When transplanted into mice, the cancer stem cells were able to form tumors that resembled the originals in patients, while most tumor cells could not.
Colon cancer is the latest type of cancer linked to these rare cells, which were first found in acute myeloid leukemia in 1994 and more recently in breast and brain tumors. The findings appeared online in two studies in Nature November 19.
Some researchers believe cancer stem cells are the driving force behind many cancers and will be found in nearly all tumors as the technology for finding them improves. The new studies, from investigators in Canada and in Italy, support this view.
"Our findings say that colon tumors are initiated and driven by this rare fraction of cells," says Dr. John Dick of the University of Toronto, who led the Canadian team. He also led the team that discovered leukemia stem cells in 1994.
In the new study, he asked: Do all of the tumor cells in colon cancers have the same ability to initiate new tumors and sustain their growth? The answer turned out to be no - only a subset of the tumor cells that produce a surface protein called CD133 could initiate new tumors in mice.
The results suggest that colon cancer may be organized in the same hierarchical fashion as organs are, with stem cells giving rise to "progenitor" cells that give rise to more specialized cells, says Dr. Dick.
Like the normal stem cells that repopulate adult tissues, cancer stem cells may divide indefinitely while giving rise to the cell types of a tumor. For therapies to be effective, it thus appears likely that they will have to eradicate the cancer stem cells.
But these cells have developed ways to avoid being killed. For instance, the cells may enter a dormant phase as some leukemia cancer stem cells do, notes Dr. Dick.
The Italian team, led by Dr. Ruggero De Maria of the Istituto Superiore di Sanità in Rome, also used the protein CD133 as a marker for identifying potential cancer stem cells. About 2.5 percent of the colon tumor cells they tested were positive for CD133.
This protein appears to be present on many cancer stem cells, but not every cell that is positive for CD133 is a cancer stem cell. As a next step, the Italian researchers are testing additional markers that might lead them to individual cancer stem cells.
"We are also setting up a cancer stem cell bank from different tumors," says Dr. De Maria. "We hope that the availability of cultures of tumor-causing colon cancer cells may foster the development of more effective therapies."
The appearance of two independent studies with similar conclusions serves as "instant validation of the questions at hand," says Dr. Jeremy Rich of Duke University Medical Center, who was not involved in the research.
Last month, his team reported that cancer stem cells in the brains of patients with glioblastoma may be resistant to radiation. Some observations about the behavior of colon cancer stem cells appear strikingly similar to what has been seen in the brain, he notes.
"This really suggests that cancer biology is, at its core, more similar than dissimilar, and this has important implications for therapy," says Dr. Rich.
By Edward R. Winstead
All Ireland-NCI Consortium Rolls On
Approximately 2 years ago, in a special issue of the NCI Cancer Bulletin, there was a photo of Dr. Joe Harford, head of the NCI Office of International Affairs, with several dignitaries, holding a scale model of a new cancer research facility to be built in Belfast, Northern Ireland. About 2 weeks ago, I had the opportunity to tour the newly constructed facility, the Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB) on the campus of Queen's University Belfast.
The construction of this state-of-the-art facility, which is scheduled to be completely open early next year, could not have happened without the support of the Ireland-Northern Ireland-NCI Cancer Consortium, which is now entering its seventh year and is helping to transform cancer research and care across the island of Ireland.
My tour of the CCRCB was led by Professor Paddy Johnston, the center director, and coincided with my participation in the third All Ireland Cancer Conference and the signing of a new Memorandum of Understanding that will keep the consortium operating another 5 years.
The conference was invigorating and enlightening. For me, it highlighted the tremendous progress being made on the island of Ireland to overhaul its cancer research and care infrastructure - progress in which the consortium had a heavy hand.
The consortium's value, however, extends well beyond the success it has experienced in its short existence and its impact on patient care. It can serve as a model for countries that are committed to more aggressively addressing the public health burden of cancer. It's also an ideal example of the impact NCI is having beyond our country's borders.
Through the consortium, NCI has provided extensive training to clinicians and scientists from Ireland and Northern Ireland. More than 100 have participated in NCI's Cancer Prevention Summer Curriculum or NCI's 3-year Cancer Prevention Fellowship program. In addition, 16 nurses have been trained at NCI in clinical trials management and cancer care.
These nurses already are playing a crucial role in a revitalized clinical trials program on the island. Thanks to the efforts of the consortium's Clinical Trials Working Group, for instance, the All Ireland Clinical Trials Cooperative Group has been established, and it is actively collaborating with similar groups in Europe and the United States. In fact, several Irish patients are participating in a National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project-led phase III colorectal cancer treatment trial.
Also, the development of a national TELESYNERGY® program continues to progress. This integrated telecommunication system will allow clinicians at large medical centers to consult with and advise clinicians caring for patients in more remote parts of the country.
Meanwhile, work done by the consortium's Cancer Registries/Epidemiology Working Group has led to collaborative studies using existing cancer registries in the north and south, including the FINBAR study, which is focused on the etiology of esophageal cancer and has already resulted in several published papers.
These efforts represent just a sampling of the consortium-related activities. It's almost impossible not to feel a tremendous sense of optimism from what's been accomplished to date. Perhaps most impressive to me has been the successful public smoking ban in Ireland and a similar forthcoming ban in Northern Ireland, both of which provide undeniable momentum toward reducing the burden of cancer.
As NCI forges ahead in our commitment to addressing the cancer burden worldwide, we can look to the All Ireland-NCI Consortium for proof that we should expect nothing less than progress on this front.
Dr. John E. Niederhuber
Eye-Sparing Method Effective for Ocular Melanoma Diagnosis
A study published online November 15 in Ophthalmology found that use of fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the eye was a generally safe and effective means to obtain cells for genetic analysis from patients with ocular melanoma to determine whether they are at risk for metastatic spread of the disease.
Each of 18 patients at the University of California, Los Angeles' Jules Stein Eye Institute had the needle biopsy done during surgery to implant a radioactive plaque in the affected eye for localized radiation, which is the standard treatment of choroidal melanoma. It has been shown that patients with mutations in chromosome 3 (monosomy 3) are at high risk for metastatic spread, which has a poor prognosis. Until now, the only method for obtaining tumor cells for such genetic analysis involved removing the eye.
The researchers reported that the needle biopsy technique "was diagnostic of choroidal melanoma in 14 of 18 cases and resulted in viable cell cultures for fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis in 9 cases." The genetic analysis for monosomy 3 was positive in four of the nine cases. "These findings are consistent with reports in the literature of an approximately 50 percent rate of monosomy 3 in choroidal melanoma," they noted.
"In our series, we observed only one complication: a patient developed a mild self-limited vitreous hemorrhage," the researchers reported. Identification of ocular melanoma patients with a poor prognosis may allow for the detection of metastasis at an earlier stage and will help select those best suited for clinical trials on new treatments, they added.
Nanoparticles Successfully Deliver Drugs to Brain Tumors in Mice
In a new study from the University of Michigan published in the November 15 Clinical Cancer Research, investigators designed targeted nanoparticles that successfully carried a photodynamic therapy compound to brain tumors in a mouse model, bypassing the blood-brain barrier.
The researchers designed the nanoparticles to bind to the cell-surface protein F3 because previous studies had shown that substances bound to this protein are taken up by cancer cells and their associated blood vessels. The nanoparticles were engineered to carry the photodynamic therapy drug Photofrin, which reacts with oxygen in the presence of light to form toxic compounds. The addition of a magnetic resonance imaging compound to the nanoparticles allowed the investigators to directly observe destruction of tumor tissue and blood vessels.
In vitro experiments showed that nanoparticles targeted to F3 were successfully taken up by cancer cells, and 4 hours of incubation with the nanoparticles caused the death of 90 percent of cells in culture when combined with exposure to laser light (to activate the encapsulated Photofrin). Nontargeted nanoparticles did not cause cell death under the same conditions.
Investigators then tested the nanoparticles in a mouse model of glioma, the most common type of brain tumor. Mice with xenograft tumors receiving targeted nanoparticles and laser exposure survived significantly longer than mice receiving either nontargeted nanoparticles or free Photofrin with laser exposure. Two out of five animals receiving the targeted nanoparticles remained disease free 6 months after treatment.
Targeted nanoparticles could potentially circumvent many problems with systemic delivery of photodynamic drugs, explained the authors, including damage to normal tissue and long-lasting skin sensitivity to light.
Risks Identified for New Solid Cancer after Stem Cell Transplants
Older patients who receive a stem cell transplant for blood cancer are at increased risk of developing a new solid cancer years after the transplant and patients who receive stem cells from a female donor are at even higher risk, according to a study in the November 27 online issue of Cancer.
The study was performed by the Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplantation Program of British Columbia, which operates out of Vancouver General Hospital. Records were analyzed for 926 patients who had been treated at the hospital with allogeneic stem cell transplantation between 1985 and 2003. The median age of these patients was 39 years, ranging from 12 to 65 years.
The analysis showed that 10-year risk of recurrence-related mortality was 27 percent. Twenty-eight patients - all of whom received myeloablative preparation prior to their transplant - developed a total of 30 solid tumors after their procedure, most often in the skin, lungs, and mouth. The cumulative incidence in the study group of developing a second solid cancer 10 years after the initial treatment was 3.1 percent, nearly twice that of the general population in British Columbia.
Those younger than 40 had a second-cancer risk of 1.9 percent, versus 4.6 percent for those over 40. The sex of the stem cell donor was also a significant risk factor: 4.6 percent for female donors and 1.8 percent for male donors. "This observation [of donor sex and cancer recurrence] has not been reported previously in the literature," the authors wrote, "and its explanation is uncertain."
Study Suggests Survival Benefit for Tamoxifen-Anastrozole Combo
A meta-analysis that combined data from three randomized clinical trials indicates that, for postmenopausal women with hormone-sensitive early-stage breast cancer, switching to the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole (Arimidex) for adjuvant treatment after 2 to 3 years on tamoxifen significantly improves overall survival.
Each trial had compared a group of women who took tamoxifen for 5 years with a group who, after 2 to 3 years on tamoxifen, had switched to anastrozole for 2 years. Switching resulted in fewer cases of local or metastatic recurrence of disease and fewer cancer deaths. With the exception of bone fracture risk, it also had a better safety profile.
The question for researchers conducting the meta-analysis was whether improved event-free survival from the tamoxifen-anastrozole combination translated into better overall survival. The meta-analysis revealed that patients whose treatment included a switch to anastrozole after 2 to 3 years of tamoxifen had a 29 percent improvement in overall survival.
"A lot of people have been waiting to see whether aromatase inhibitors will show a survival advantage, and I think these data will assure them that 5 years of tamoxifen is no longer the standard of care," said the study's leader, Dr. Walter Jonat, of the University of Kiel in Germany, in a news release. "The best treatment for women with hormone-sensitive early-stage breast cancer should include an aromatase inhibitor."
The results of the study, released early online by The Lancet Oncology on November 17, reinforce recommendations from several professional oncology groups with regard to the treatment of this patient population. They also reflect what is already happening in clinical practice, explained Dr. Jennifer Eng-Wong of the NCI Center for Cancer Research (CCR) Medical Oncology Branch.
"Most clinicians are incorporating aromatase inhibitors into treatment," she said, "either starting adjuvant therapy with them or switching to them after 2 to 3 years of tamoxifen."
FDA Expands Use of Herceptin for Early-Stage Breast Cancer After Primary Therapy
On November 15, the FDA expanded the approved use of trastuzumab (Herceptin) for the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer after lumpectomy or mastectomy.
Trastuzumab is a targeted therapy against the HER2 protein on cancer cells. When an excessive amount of HER2 protein is present, it causes cancer cells to grow more rapidly and standard chemotherapy may be less effective. In 1998, the FDA approved trastuzumab for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. This approval expands its use to women with cancer only in the breast or lymph nodes which has been removed with surgery. Additional information about trastuzumab is available at http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/druginfo/fda-trastuzumab.
The two studies leading to this new approved indication were conducted by the NCI-sponsored Cooperative Groups, a multicenter clinical trials group. Patients in both trials received standard chemotherapy after surgery for breast cancer; approximately half the patients were also given trastuzumab. The results from both trials, which included information on nearly 4,000 women, were combined and analyzed in 2005.
Due to positive results, NCI ended the studies early. The results showed that women who received trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy had fewer relapses for up to 3 years after surgery. The estimated 3-year disease-free rates were 87 percent in women receiving trastuzumab and chemotherapy and 75 percent in those receiving chemotherapy alone. It is too soon to know whether trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy will increase the cure rate or lower the risk of death from breast cancer.
Giving Cancer an Energy Blackout
In the 1920s, the German researcher Dr. Otto Warburg discovered that cancer cells rely heavily on a process known as glycolysis to produce energy.
Dr. Warburg, a Nobel Prize winner, also found that cancer cells did this even when there was sufficient oxygen available for a far more efficient, oxygen-dependent energy-production process used by many normal cells, called oxidative phosphorylation. The paradox came to be known as the "Warburg effect."
Dr. Warburg believed that this "aerobic glycolysis" was at the root of cancer development, but his theory never caught on.
Over the last decade, however, there has been a resurgence of interest in learning more about cancer cell metabolism - how cancer cells produce energy and use it to grow and divide.
Cancer cell metabolism hasn't traditionally been "considered as part of the cancer problem," says Dr. Craig Thompson, scientific director at the Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute. But the renewed interest in it, he believes, "gives us a number of new avenues to investigate to see whether it can be exploited for therapeutic benefit."
And Dr. Thompson isn't the only one. A growing cadre of researchers is now delving deep into cancer cells' energy-production machinery, with the hope of finding effective ways to short-circuit it.
Tumor cells' glucose problem
The renewed focus on energy production and Warburg's discoveries from 80 years ago is an ideal case in point.
"More and more, multiple groups are looking at the molecular mechanisms behind the Warburg effect, because it's consistently observed in tumor cells," says Dr. Peng Huang, an associate professor of molecular pathology at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. "Certainly, in both cell culture and animal models, we see the cancer cells' increased dependence on glycolysis."
Both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation begin with the ingestion of glucose by a cell. The difference resides in how the cell transforms that raw material into energy - in the form of a complex molecule called ATP - and the efficiency with which it does it. Oxidative phosphorylation can produce as much as 18 times more ATP per molecule of glucose than glycolysis.
This inefficiency leads tumor cells that are reliant on glycolysis to take up a tremendous amount of glucose. This reliance forms the basis for the now widespread use of PET scans that involve the glucose analog FDG for the detection of a number of different cancer types.
Researchers like Drs. Huang and Thompson believe tumor cells' addiction to glycolysis might represent a bona fide Achilles heel: Disrupt glycolysis and tumor cells won't be able to produce enough energy to survive. Data from laboratory and animal model studies support this belief.
But the question remains: Why do tumor cells rely on a less efficient energy-production process when they don't have to?
"It's still a matter of debate," says Dr. Huang.
Several theories have been proposed to explain this. One suggests that genetic mutations have damaged the tumor cells' mitochondria, where oxidative phosphorylation takes place, so the cell switches to an alternative energy-production pathway. Another argues that it's an adaptation that gives the cell a survival advantage once a tumor becomes larger and oxygen - but not necessarily glucose - becomes far less abundant.
Dr. Thompson admits that it's complicated and requires more intensive study.
"We need to look more closely at issues like which signaling pathways tumor cells are using when they just want to survive for the day, or if they want to engage in growth and proliferation," he says.
Mucking up the machinery
Efforts to exploit this potential tumor cell weakness are moving ahead full steam, with glycolytic inhibitors already in human clinical trials or headed in that direction.
One company, Threshold Pharmaceuticals, has based its entire therapeutic enterprise on what they call "metabolic targeting." Two of its products are currently in clinical trials, including 2DG, a glucose analog being investigated in combination with docetaxel in a phase I trial.
Because tumor cells are so hungry for glucose - particularly those that are in hypoxic regions of a tumor and are more likely to be resistant to standard chemotherapy agents - 2DG is readily taken up by tumor cells, says the scientist who developed it, Dr. Ted Lampidis.
Once inside, explains Dr. Lampidis, a professor of cell biology at the University of Miami Sylvester Cancer Center, the agent competes with regular glucose to be synthesized into ATP. However, because of the slight difference in 2DG's makeup compared with glucose, that synthesis never happens, starving the cell of energy.
"We've made tremendous progress from developing the concept of 2DG to getting it into the clinic," he says. "I see now that there's a real possibility it's going to work."
The phase I trial is almost complete and plans are under way to launch a phase II trial.
Another agent, 3-BrPA, completely eradicated large, highly glycolytic tumors in one animal model and markedly shrank similar tumors in another model. The agent's target, explains Dr. Peter Pedersen, a professor of biological chemistry at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine - who along with Dr. Young Ko, is moving it through preclinical studies - is an enzyme called hexokinase that is bound to the surface of mitochondria but plays a key role in both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Dr. Ko, who discovered the agent's potent anticancer activity, calls 3-BrPA a "total energy blocker."
Most recently, they've been investigating 3-BrPA's effect on different cancer cell lines.
"Once inside [the tumor cell], it's like a Trojan horse," Dr. Pedersen explains. "You see dissipation of ATP very quickly. But if you do the same thing to a hepatocyte [an important and abundant liver cell], for example, it hardly has any effect."
A number of companies have approached Dr. Petersen's lab about taking 3-BrPA into clinical trials.
By Carmen Phillips
Zactima for Recurrent or Progressive Brain Tumors
Name of the Trial
Principal Investigator
Why This Trial Is Important
A new drug called Zactima (ZD6474) targets both blood vessel growth and tumor cells themselves. "It binds to two key molecular targets, one on the tumor (EGFR) and one on blood vessels (VEGFR)," explained Dr. Fine. This disrupts cell-signaling pathways that the cancer cells need to grow and survive. Other drugs for malignant glioma may bind to one or the other of these targets, said Dr. Fine, but "we hope hitting them both together will increase [antitumor] activity."
Many patients with malignant glioma take a type of drug called an enzyme-inducing anti-epileptic drug (EIAED) to help control cancer-induced seizures. Patients taking EIAEDs need higher doses of Zactima because EIAEDs cause Zactima to be processed faster by the body. The phase I part of this trial will determine the dose of Zactima required for patients taking EIAEDs. The phase II part will enroll patients not taking EIAEDs, and will look at Zactima's antitumor activity.
Preliminary results of the trial have been promising, said Dr. Fine. "We've already seen signs of significant biologic activity and some tumor shrinkage. Though not in every patient, we're definitely seeing some very profound effects."
Who Can Join This Trial
Study Sites and Contact Information
An archive of "Featured Clinical Trial" columns is available at http://cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/ft-all-featured-trials.
For the February 5, 2007, R01 receipt date and beyond, NIH will require electronic application submission for all R01 applications. This change will involve the simultaneous shift from the long-used PHS 398 application form to a transagency Standard Form 424 Research and Related Application Form. For more information on electronic submission of applications, go to http://era.nih.gov/ElectronicReceipt/. Investigators should work with their central grants offices to learn how their institutions are handling the changes. Training sessions will be held on December 5 from 9:00 a.m.-12:00 p.m. and from 1:00-4:00 p.m. in the Natcher Conference Center on the NIH campus. The sessions will be webcast at http://era.nih.gov/training/esub_120506/ and will be archived for later viewing at http://videocast.nih.gov/default.asp. Additional training resources are available at http://era.nih.gov/ElectronicReceipt/training.htm.
AMA to Hold Meetings at Smoke-Free Sites
Earlier this year, NCI adopted a smoke-free meeting site policy, which will take effect on January 1, 2007, requiring that all meetings and conferences organized or primarily sponsored by NCI be held in a state, county, city, or town that has adopted a comprehensive smoke-free policy.
DNA Sequencing Centers to Examine Cancer
Following are newly released NCI research funding opportunities:
Biobehavioral Methods to Improve Outcomes Research
This is a renewal of PA-05-142 and will use the R01 award mechanism. For more information, see http://cri.nci.nih.gov/4abst.cfm?initiativeparfa_id=3566. Inquiries: Dr. Paige A. McDonald - firstname.lastname@example.com
Research on Improving Health Care for Obese Patients
This funding opportunity will use the R01 award mechanism. For more information, see http://cri.nci.nih.gov/4abst.cfm?initiativeparfa_id=3556. Inquiries: Dr. Stephen Taplin - firstname.lastname@example.com
Development, Application, and Evaluation of Prediction Models for Cancer Risk and Prognosis
This funding opportunity will use the R01 award mechanism. For more information, see http://cri.nci.nih.gov/4abst.cfm?initiativeparfa_id=3557. Inquiries: Dr. Andrew N. Freedman - email@example.com; Dr. Isis S. Mikhail - email@example.com; Dr. J. Milburn Jessup - firstname.lastname@example.com
Basic and Preclinical Research on Complementary and Alternative Medicine
This is a renewal of PA-06-440 and will use the R01 award mechanism. For more information, see http://cri.nci.nih.gov/4abst.cfm?initiativeparfa_id=3555. Inquiries: Dr. Wendy B. Smith - firstname.lastname@example.com; Dr. Cindy Davis - firstname.lastname@example.com
Basic Research in the Bladder and Lower Urinary Tract
This is a renewal of PA-06-254 and will use the R01 award mechanism. For more information, see http://cri.nci.nih.gov/4abst.cfm?initiativeparfa_id=3558. Inquiries: Dr. Suresh Mohla - firstname.lastname@example.com
Developmental Biology and Regeneration of the Liver
This is a renewal of PA-06-231 and will use the R01 award mechanism. For more information, see http://cri.nci.nih.gov/4abst.cfm?initiativeparfa_id=3559. Inquiries: Dr. John S. Cole, III - email@example.com; Dr. Asad Umar - firstname.lastname@example.com
Social and Cultural Dimensions of Health
This is a renewal of PA-05-029 and will use the R01 award mechanism. For more information, see http://cri.nci.nih.gov/4abst.cfm?initiativeparfa_id=3560. Inquiries: Crystal Wolfrey - firstname.lastname@example.com
Research on Mind-Body Interactions and Health
This is a renewal of PA-05-027 and will use the R01 award mechanism. For more information, see http://cri.nci.nih.gov/4abst.cfm?initiativeparfa_id=3561. Inquiries: Dr. Paige A. McDonald - email@example.com
Development of Assays for High Throughput Drug Screening
This is a renewal of PA-04-068 and will use the R01 award mechanism. For more information, see http://cri.nci.nih.gov/4abst.cfm?initiativeparfa_id=3562. Inquiries: Dr. Min H. Song - firstname.lastname@example.com
Methodology and Measurement in the Behavioral and Social Sciences
This is a renewal of PA-05-090 and will use the R01 award mechanism. For more information, see http://cri.nci.nih.gov/4abst.cfm?initiativeparfa_id=3563. Inquiries: Dr. Bryce B. Reeve - email@example.com
Research on Clinical Decision Making in Life-Threatening Illness
This is a renewal of PA-06-077 and will use the R01 award mechanism. For more information, see http://cri.nci.nih.gov/4abst.cfm?initiativeparfa_id=3564. Inquiries: Dr. Wendy Nelson - firstname.lastname@example.com
Mechanisms of Alcohol-Associated Cancers
This is a renewal of PA-06-269 and will use the R01 award mechanism. For more information, see http://cri.nci.nih.gov/4abst.cfm?initiativeparfa_id=3565. Inquiries: Dr. Sharon Ross - email@example.com
End-of-Life Training Program on the Web is a Big Success
A continuing medical education module on "The Last Hours of Living: Practical Advice for Clinicians," available on the Medscape Web site, has proven to be of enormous interest and benefit to health care professionals.
During the first 2 months of the program, more than 52,000 unique physicians, nurses, and other health care professionals read over 326,000 pages of content, averaging almost 6 pages per visitor. More than 10,000 individuals completed the program and received credit, including more than 6,000 nurses. Participants encompassed a wide range of specialties including oncology, cardiology, primary care, critical care, neurology, and surgery.
"We are extremely pleased with the high level of interest in this program," noted Dr. Susan B. Yox, Medscape editorial director. "Providing high-quality care at the end of life is vital, but many health professionals don't feel fully prepared to do this. Activities like 'Last Hours of Living' are a big step forward in increasing awareness and understanding."
The module is part of EPEC-O (Education in Palliative and End-of-Life Care in Oncology), a comprehensive train-the-trainer curriculum developed specifically for cancer care practitioners. The curriculum was developed, with funding from NCI's Office of Education and Special Initiatives (OESI), by the EPEC project team based at Northwestern University, with partnership support from the American Society for Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the Lance Armstrong Foundation.
OESI and Medscape explored the feasibility of offering EPEC-O content at Medscape.com to reach a broad audience of health care practitioners, explained Dr. Cheryl Arenella with OESI's Professional Education and Research Dissemination Branch. "The first module to be piloted - 'The Last Hours of Living' - was selected after Medscape asked its audience to prioritize areas of need."
The initial response was "truly beyond our greatest expectations," said OESI Director Lenora Johnson. Some of the comments from Medscape users included: "I feel this will be a great education tool for the medical teams that do encounter a dying patient and help them to become more involved in the process" and "A very well-presented program that emphasizes the importance of including family/care givers."
OESI has two other dissemination projects centered around the EPEC-O curriculum. They are collaborating with the Indian Health Service (IHS) to present the curriculum throughout their medical care system using a combination of seminars and CD-ROM self-learning format. The first IHS seminar will be held in January 2007 and is approved for physician and nursing continuing education credit hours.
OESI is further exploring and evaluating dissemination channels for cancer care content. As such, OESI is partnering with ASCO to produce and publicize a CD-ROM-based training format for EPEC-O that will offer continuing education credits to clinicians inside and outside the oncology community. The target audiences include:


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September 17, 2014
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LIFE DIGEST: D.C. funds 300 abortions
Posted on Jul 15, 2011 | by Tom Strode
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WASHINGTON (BP)--The District of Columbia paid for at least 300 abortions in the brief time Congress and President Obama lifted the ban on funding for the procedures in America's capital.
In 2009, the Democratic-controlled Congress and Obama struck down a prohibition on money for elective abortions in D.C. that had existed nearly every year since 1988. D.C. did not implement the law until August 2010 but paid about $185,000 for abortions for low-income women until the ban was reinstated in April of this year, according to an exclusive Associated Press report July 8.
The number of abortions covered by the district during that time could increase because of claims still being processed, a D.C. spokeswoman told AP.
"The responsibility for these 300 government-funded abortions rests squarely with President Obama, who urged Congress to lift the longstanding ban in 2009, and with Democratic leaders Nancy Pelosi and Harry Reid, who rammed through the repeal without allowing roll call votes on the issue in either house of Congress," said Douglas Johnson, the National Right to Life Committee's legislative director. "Some of these unborn children would be alive today, if it had not been for the Obama-dictated change in policy."
Previously, a measure known as the Dornan Amendment barred federal and congressionally approved local funds for D.C. from paying for elective abortions. The 2009 law said federal funding of abortions in D.C. is prohibited but local money may be used for the procedures. Pro-lifers, however, pointed out such language is meaningless in its effect, because federal and local funds are combined for the district. As a result, the D.C. government can specify as local the money used to underwrite abortions.
AP gained the figures by filing a Freedom of Information Act request with the D.C. government.
LA. ENACTS SIGN LAW--Louisiana Gov. Bobby Jindal signed into law July 6 a bill requiring abortion providers to post additional information for women contemplating the procedure.
The new law mandates clinics post signs that include the following information for women, according to The Baton Rouge Advocate:
-- They cannot be forced to have an abortion.
-- There are agencies available to help them before and after birth.
-- The child's father is liable for financial support.
-- Adoptive parents may pay for the costs of prenatal care and birth.
"Before police arrest someone, they inform them of all their rights under the law, so it's only common sense that we would do the same for women before they get an abortion," said Jindal, a Republican, in a statement, The Advocate reported.
The law applies to Louisiana's six licensed abortion clinics, according to the newspaper.
BRITS POST ABORTION STATS--More than 2,000 abortions were performed last year in England and Wales on babies with medical problems, including some whose conditions could have been corrected by surgery.
There were 2,290 such abortions in 2010, according to the Department of Health, which released the statistics after a British pro-life organization won a court battle to have the information made public. Of those, 147 were performed on babies after 24 weeks gestation, when a child is often considered able to survive outside the womb.
As reported July 5 by The Daily Mail, abortions for "abnormalities" included 482 for children diagnosed with Down syndrome and 128 for babies with spina bifida.
The lives of other unborn children were ended for problems that might have been alleviated by surgery - 181 abortions for musculoskeletal problems such as a club foot and seven for a cleft palate, according to the newspaper. There were 26 abortions since 2002 for a cleft palate, it was reported.
"We have always argued that if these abortions are permitted under law, there should be no attempt whatsoever to hide details of the numbers or justifications," said Julia Millington of the ProLife Alliance, the newspaper reported. The Pro-Life Alliance sought release of the statistics
The Department of Health, which had not released such abortion data since 2001, also revealed there were 35,262 abortions on girls under 16 from 2002 through 2010. Seventy-seven were on girls under 13, according to The Daily Mail.
There were 189,574 abortions in 2010 in England and Wales, according to LifeSiteNews.
HUNGARY PROTECTS LIFE--Hungary's new constitution has elicited strong criticism for several provisions, including language protecting the right to life of an unborn child from conception.
The new constitution gained approval in April. In June, the European Commission on Democracy through Law -- a Council of Europe advisory group also known as the Venice Commission -- charged the right-to-life section could "result in restrictions on abortion that would put a number of fundamental rights for women at stake."
The European Centre for Law and Justice commended the pro-life language, saying it "is especially justified by the serious demographic problem that Hungary suffers regarding an exceedingly low fertility rate -- around 1.3 children per woman."
A birth rate of 2.1 is considered necessary to maintain a country's population.
ABORTION AD BILL PASSED--The Russian Parliament's lower house approved legislation July 1 requiring abortion advertisements to include health warnings.
The bill, which is expected to gain approval in the upper house and be signed by President Dmitry Medvedev, could help alleviate the shrinking population of a country that has one of the world's highest abortion rates, according to Reuters News Service. Russia's population decreased by about 12 million from 1992 to 2008. In 2007, Russia recorded 1.5 million abortions, which was about the same as the number of live births.
The measure would mandate that 10 percent of space in abortion ads consist of a list of the procedure's health risks for women.
"These ads make young girls believe they won't have any problems interrupting a pregnancy," said parliament member Viktor Zvagelsky, according to Reuters, which based its report on a RIA news agency account.
Tom Strode is the Washington bureau chief for Baptist Press.
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How will Cardiff Met support me in career development?
A degree is just the start, and we recognise the importance of career planning and thinking about the future. Careers sessions are offered at all levels of the programme, and tailored appropriately to the needs of students at all stages of the degree.
A degree in Psychology develops a number of transferable skills, with our students being highly numerate and literate. Cardiff Met psychology students develop skills valued by employers, such as writing reports, statistical analysis and delivering oral presentations. As one of our graduates points out:
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The transferable skills gained from studying psychology prepares graduates for a range of career routes, which you may not immediately think of. The Higher Education Academy has gathered together a series of case studies which outline the types of careers that psychology graduates enter.


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By Cori Rosen, Hollywood Staff
The wait is over... Let the battle begin! The first trailer for 300: Rise of an Empire, sequel to 2006's popular historical fantasy 300, has finally been released. The sounds of swords clashing, the bold visuals of bodies slicing, and slo-mo scenes of epic battling all reveal that the 300 sequel will not disappoint loyal fans of the first film.
Under the direction of Noam Murro, 300: Rise of an Empire documents Thermistocles the Greek General (Sullivan Stapleton) as he faces the threatening King-turned-God, Thermoplyae and his menacing Persian army. After a ghastly shot of the corpse of King Leonidas (Gerard Butler) lying on a mound of dead soldiers, the ominous trailer jumps to Game of Thrones' nefarious Lena Headey as Queen Gorgo giving the Spartans a pep talk to take vengeance against the Persian infantry.
The trailer ensures that this upcoming action-packed movie, written by Man of Steel director Zack Snyder, will satisfy audiences who love gory violence and stunning scenery accompanied by an epic score. 300: Rise of an empire charges into theatres March 7th, 2014.
Follow Cori on Twitter @gimmegimmeCORFollow Hollywood.com on Twitter @Hollywood_com
More:New '300' Prequel Joins a Rising Trend with New TitleThey're Doing Another Film Called, 'The Raven,' and Gerard Butler Is In ItReview: 'Olympus Has Fallen' Is Gerard Butler at His Best, Gory Violence at its Worst
From Our PartnersStars Pose Naked for 'Allure' (Celebuzz)Let's Translate Walter White, Taylor Swift and More into Dothraki (Vulture)


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Monday, 03 Mar 2014 02:11 PM
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© 2014 Newsmax. All rights reserved.
Wednesday, 01 Oct 2014 12:58 PM
The White House should pay attention when someone like Maryland Democratic Rep. Elijah Cummings calls for change in the . . .
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What we DO NOT need is this lazy POS. Betcha he didn't miss any
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Your perpetual state of socialist bliss is possible due to the
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Mandy, same here. DH used to ask me to write stuff for him, and I flatly refused. I did help him with proof reading and passing along comments, but he was responsible for his own work. His writing is vastly improved.
Mandy, same here. DH used to ask me to write stuff for him, and I flatly refused. I did help him with proof reading and passing along comments, but he was responsible for his own work. His writing is vastly improved.
Well, assuming he is being honest with me, It has been suggested that when he starts on salary that they will give him a budget to hire someone for paperwork, since he will be traveling so often and will not be able to finish the paperwork in a timely manner. Hopefully that person will be me so that I can make some money too. It's my understanding that his direct supervisor knows I am doing a lot of the paperwork.
But in any case, I see your point and take no offense. I guess I feel like he took this job in large part so I could continue to stay home with Sawyer, join the kids on fieldtrips, drive them to and from school, all while not doing my daycare anymore but for the 2 kids before and after school. I was looking at this as my way of supporting him in that.
ETA that he actually wrote the follow up emails himself. I just edited, copied and pasted to 20 different emails making each one personal off a stack of business cards that he gave me. So it's tedious but something probably a ten year old could do.
Last edited by Bridget; 10-11-2012 at 04:49 AM.
That is nice you are helping him out Bridget. I really hope he is being honest with you and have told his bosses about your role.
This is all business right here since you are both in a business relationship with you helping him, but how was his communication to his boss about your email related? Was it an email? I'd want to see it if I were you since you know he tells fibs about a lot of things. I keep a lot of paper trails though when it comes to my job. Like I said earlier, they like to threaten to fire people and I like to have my backup about practically everything that I've done that was even somewhat significant, and especially if it involves doing tasks that other co-workers are usually charged with completing.
And Chrissy, I can totally see how your ex's lack of involvement would be annoying. Even though my DH is not supportive of my goals and things I am working toward accomplishing, he always gives valuable input on the major decisions regarding our household. Even about money and he does not pay any of the bills. But I let him know everything that is going on and ask him for his opinion. He is VERY opinionated, but I do like that he is opinionated in a way I see it as a somewhat sexist "manly" characteristic lol. I just wish he weren't as overbearing as he can be but I know I can count on him to go through all the options available.
For bankruptcy, he would have been totally against it. He works for a federal trustee and processes Chapter 13 bankruptcies so knows the process and never feels it should be an option unless there are dire circumstances. I filed a Chapter 7 in 2006 due to some old debts that they were in the process of garnishing my bank accounts for and he was thoroughly upset about it and tried to talk me out of it. I knew that the garnishment was about to occur since I worked for the bank at that time and one of my co-workers saw my name come up who worked in our department that placed "holds" on accounts, which are garnishments and they were going to place a hold on my account for $15K. I had a little bit of savings after a rough financial time but a $15K hold on my account (meaning they would have put us into a negative by $15K) would have been insurmountable for us and would have affected DH since both of our checks were deposited into that account and we didn't have time to change the direct deposit before the hold would occur, so I went and filed Chapter 7, which was the only way to stop the garnishment. In 2007 after we went through a horrible year (I got arrested and went to jail a few days, our landlord didn't pay his mortgage even though we paid rent so we were kicked out of our house we had just rented 3 months prior and ended up semi-homless - I had to send Ky off to Chicago for a few months to live with in-laws, I lost my job at the bank because they moved to TN where they could pay less wages to TN workers versus us, just a whole lot of negative stuff happened that year) we went for an apartment that was income based, which was good since I had lost my job and they denied us even though DH was the only person who would have been responsible for the lease (he has excellent credit), because of my bankruptcy and I have never heard the end of it from him either. How we could have lived in that cheap place (it was $400 a month for a 2 bedroom so really cheap and it was a really nice place right across the street from Ky's school at the time) and saved a lot more money once we recovered from that horrible year and bought our house. He still talks about that to this day lol. So he is VERY vocal about our decisions and if I do anything that contradicts what he thinks we should do, I will never hear the end of it, so there is good and bad in that aspect. Luckily we usually can come to a compromise after heated debates and all is usually well.
I was actually sitting next to him when he was on the phone saying that I had been very supportive and was doing all of his editing and such since he was up front with them from the beginning in telling them that would be his weakness. So I do know he's been giving me credit but I'm not sure how realistic it is that I will actually get paid for it. They are really happy with his work in the field so far. I have seen those emails of praise from corporate. He is made for a job like this and i knew he would be good at it. Basically he just a really slow typer, doesn't know simple grammar rules(although I am teaching him and he is getting better) and cannot read small print very well so has to squint and often sees the emails wromg on the business cards. What takes me 20 minutes takes him an hour or more. If someone asks me to help, and I am able to help, I can't imagine saying no. To me that is what a friend would do. That is assuming a legitimate need for help. I have no problem saying no to putting his laundry away.
Last edited by Bridget; 10-11-2012 at 08:56 AM.
My husband is lacking in grammar and spelling things too. He writes his own things, but has me check them over before sending them off. Not every single e mail or anything but stuff dealing with bill issues or complaints to businesses and things where he'd want to come across coherently. He too has improved a lot. He used to write "has" instead of "as" all the time-I have no idea where he got that from, but he has cut down on that a lot.
It's the Scorpio in us Bridget. I would have helped him too and you know I'm not his fan. Did you enter his business cards into your Outlook address book? That'll save you a ton of work down the road. And you know (?) you can create a template to copy/paste names/addresses into, right? If you really wanted to get fancy, Mail Merge would do the whole thing for you in 10 seconds.
Erin, filing chapter 7 wasn't an option for us. In NY, Medicaid can (and does) sue you to pay back for the birth of your children that are born on it. Even though Rich had BC/BS with Bobbie (80%), 10% was covered by Medicaid. They sued Rich, through the child support office, for $48,000. At the time he was working for $7.00-something an hour and I was going to school yet. I didn't even have my GED. Even though we lived together and he was supporting her, they didn't care. Initially, we couldn't file bk against it because it was through the child support office and as you know, no one can file bk against child support. Someone with more $ than us fought that though, because Medicaid is a medical expense, not actual child support, and they later enabled it so you could. We had other stuff to file against, but that was the biggest one.
The part the wasn't necessary and ended up being a HUGE waste of $ for us was filing the bk against our house and trying to walk away from it. 3 years later we ended up going back. The rent we paid during that time would have paid off that mortgage. Ah well, live and learn I guess.
Chrissy, having Rich date your friend would be too weird for me. I imagine he is lonely, but he needs to find his own friends.
I help dh with letters/emails too, he has dyslexia and doesn't see the problems in his emails.
Dana I am sorry your dh isn't supportive of your goals.
Erin, after reading the political thread, when you become a college professor-and I know you will-I am taking a class from you!!
Shelley-mom to DS, 6
When my Ex-H was finishing up his THEOLOGY degree at BIBLE college, I wrote several of his papers for him. It was taking up too much time that I wanted him to be spending with me, and I was afraid he was going to flunk out just short of getting his degree because of not completing the work. It's kind of sad that I got "his" first A on a college paper. I knew it was wrong, but it was expedient.
Nowadays, I think it's not so much that I would object to the helping...my DH and I do jobs that have some similar functions, and we work for the same company. There have been times I have helped him (and he has helped me) with things like pulling data, or figuring out why a query wasn't working correctly or something. But I would be seriously concerned if I felt my DH couldn't complete all the tasks for his job without my help or that the quality of his work would be so low that he would be in danger of being fired unless I stepped in and assisted.
D-Mama (37) D-Dada (43) and D-Baby (11/02/2011)
Oooo! I want to take Erin's "Politics and Society" class!
D-Mama (37) D-Dada (43) and D-Baby (11/02/2011)
I would totally take Erin's class too! I used to be so much more an academic and into deep thinking, intellectual discussion, reading important works...I wanted to just be a student forever.
Now I just go to work and want to come home and chill out with my dogs and DH. I still love to read but it's pretty much only fiction and popular fiction at that. Thankfully work makes me think because otherwise I have gotten fairly mentally lazy.
We do not really help with work for each other....he is in a factory and I rarely bring work home. But in college we did. I used to read his texts to him because he is such a slow reader and I could verbally do it faster. And he learned the material just fine that way (I could not. I'm a visual person and a fast reader....and when it's read to me, I lose interest quickly). And he used to heavily proof my papers for me. He just has much better writing skills....I tend to write exactly like I talk (Ok so I tried to not do this is papers for school and I don't in professional emails). Or he would say, good idea but expand here.
You all are going to make me blush....
Really though, I have a lot of discussions with my DH about politics. People who know us IRL say we argue too much lol. We are civil though about it and just like to discuss controversial and historical things. Ky and I also have a lot of historical and scientific conversations. I am a talker. If you can't tell from my multi-paraph posts lol. I also have a lot of politically connected friends who like to talk politics with me because I am not a "my way or the highway" type of person and we can actually talk without not being friends anymore lol. I have religious discussions too but only with certain friends and not all the time with DH. He thinks I'm insulting him when I speak of the ills of religion. I was talking to my aunt today about my dislike of missionaries and how they have destroyed cultures around the world and stolen children from parents in order to "convert" tribes, which is sickening to me even though it doesn't happen all that much in todays day and age, but regardless, I have a bad view of missionaries due to their history.
I have been lacking when it comes to studying for my GRE. Want to send a big shout out thank you to Suja who recommended the kahn academy some time ago. They are really helping me remember math lol. I am going to take the GRE at the beginning of next month and I haven't really been studying much, especially not the writing so I am going to have to make a schedule of study so I can actually go and be a professor one day.
Well, Erin, if you are ever in my area, I would love to argue about politics and religion with you, lol! I don't know many people that have well thought out, nuanced opinions, can express them and are willing to attempt to defend them in a logical manner and possibly reconsider them. I really enjoy that type of discussion but it is so, so rare to find someone who can have that kind of discussion amicably and have fun with it.
D-Mama (37) D-Dada (43) and D-Baby (11/02/2011)
Sign me up for the Erin's Political Science 101 class, too! I think politics are interesting, even British politics. Did you know that Great Britain doesn't have a written constitution like the US does? I think that's one of the things I love about the UK....that they don't let laws written hundreds of years ago rule their present days lives. I love voting and it was one of the biggest reasons that I paid the chunk of change to get my citizenship. I have one friend who has been here longer than I have but she hasn't ever bothered to get her citizenship; that would drive me crazy. I like feeling like I've been accepted here and having my citizenship kind of made me feel that way.
I was talking to my SIL tonight. She is in the same "clique" of mums that I am at the boys' school. She was telling me about the competition that is going on right now. Apparently, everyone is upset because some of the kids are in the second reading level while others are only just now getting on the first reading level. She was talking about how she feels that her son feels jealous of the other kids because he thinks they are smarter than them. I told her that that's just life. There's always going to be people who are smarter than you in some way. There's nothing you can do to change that when it comes to natural ability. It bothers me that my SIL is so obsessed with thinking that she has to make her kids the best at everything. That's just not realistic. And I hate that people can't celebrate when a kid is doing something really well in case the other mums get upset that their kid can't do the same.
Oh, that is awful!! And dangerous for those children. A child should be taught to work hard, not compare themselves to other children. That really makes me mad!
Jeez, that poor kid. What a nasty attitude to have!
And I think you are doing him a favor. He needs to lose sometimes!
Yuck. That kind of attitude leads to the thought that if you aren't first, you are somehow "less than" as a person. It's so damaging. Everybody loses sometimes - it doesn't make you a loser.
D-Mama (37) D-Dada (43) and D-Baby (11/02/2011)
Well I guess technically when you lose, yes, you are a loser, lol. But I mean, losing one thing doesn't make you a loser now and for always at everything. You guys get me, right?
D-Mama (37) D-Dada (43) and D-Baby (11/02/2011)
He's 5. I'm sure Sil over dramatises how he feels because she is a drama queen by nature, but they don't help him at all by feeding in to the idea that he has to be best at everything. I've tried to tell her to chill from a fellow parent's perspective and as a teacher but it always falls on deaf ears.
Ash - I'm curious about modern british politics, but know NOTHING. Do you know of any good remedial resources?
D-Mama (37) D-Dada (43) and D-Baby (11/02/2011)
While everyone else is planning to take Erin's political science class, I was busy figuring out how to propose marriage to her Erin, I'm sure you'll do great with the GRE. Mine was back in the pleistocene, so I'm not going to be much help, I'm afraid. If memory serves, it's almost always the time that gets you, not the questions, so lots of practice tests seem to help.
I have to say that there are some things I really like about the British system. Like how elected officials act like two year olds, and that's part of their job description (booing, jeering, shouting, etc.). I much prefer it to the fakety fake making nice they do here.
My ds spends a lot of time in comparisons. He tells DH he loves him more than anyone else. He says that he thinks he is the smartest kid in his class, except maybe Marco, although Ethan knows a lot about something in particular. He asks me if I think he is the smartest or the fastest or the best jumper.
I keep telling him that I think he is wonderful and that he is good at a lot of things, but he will only make himself and others unhappy in life if he tries to compare all the time. He can learn from other people, if they can do things that he cannot, but the only person he should be comparing himself to to is the person he was and the person he can become. I tell him that no matter how great he is, he will always find someone a little better at something, and if he only focuses on the comparisons to others, he won't have a chance to try to see how he can make himself a better person every day. I told him that (shh) that's one of the secrets of happiness.
He's actually gotten much better in the past two weeks, since I really started focusing on this particular thing--to compare himself to himself, and not to others. Ever since he could really talk well, he's been interested in doing the comparing thing, and even when I told him that it's not the kindest thing to talk up the comparisons to others' faces, he would say (to make me feel better), "I love everyone, Mommy, and I love you too, but I do love Daddy the best."
Your DS is a doll L!! I wouldn't know whether to be saddened or laugh at his preference for dad versus mom, but I like that it seems he has thought it out a bit lol. He reminds me of my little cousin Z, he is also always comparing himself to others. He's 13 now and his mom encourages it though as she thinks it makes him more focused on doing his best.
In comparison, Ky is not at all competitive. He is barely competitive in baseball as he is not all that into winning. But now that I think about it, he was really into winning during robotics club so I guess he is not lacking completely in comparisons, but he seems to know he is a great kid and that he is smart and he is comfortable with being who he is and doesn't want to try to be like anyone else. Even with the robotics, he was not focused on the other kids, he was just focused on getting the robot to do what he wanted it to do the first time without have to re-measure or re-calculate anything. He has admitted that he likes me more than his dad but he loves us both the same, but different. If that makes any sense. It does to me the way he says it.
I also enjoy the passion in British politics. They are much more animated and I have enjoyed the few times I have watched the house of commons in action. I didn't know they don't have a written constitution. That is really interesting! I also have enjoyed watching the Japanese parliament at times in the past, they used to physically fight a lot lol. I remember one clip of a lady clocking another in the head and them going at it right in the middle of their chamber.
Last edited by Ky'sMom; 10-11-2012 at 05:04 PM. Reason: computer stuck and I had "ghost words"


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Southwest, Montana Vacation Rentals
New Custom hand-hewn log home on10 quiet acres surrounded by the majestic Beartooth Mountains. It overlooks the Stillwater River with world class trout fishing and close to the Beartooth Wilderness where adventure abounds. 2 BR, 2.5 Baths...
$225 Per Night
2 Free Big Sky Resort Golf Tickets
Big Sky, Montana Vacation Rentals
Whether you're looking for a family-friendly Montana ski or summer home for your Big Sky vacation, or accommodations for a corporate retreat, RPM offers the perfect home away from home. All of our properties are centrally located to Montana skiing ...
$400 Per Night
Yellowstone River Inn Cabins
Livingston, Montana Vacation Rentals
Secluded historic Cabins and a sheepherders wagon on five garden acres on the banks of the Yellowstone River. Fine fishing, birding and great views. 50 miles to Yellowstone National Park. 5 minutes to Livingston, Montana....
$125 Per Night
Crooked Tree Motel & RV Park near Glacier National
Glacier National Park, Montana Campgrounds & RV Parks
Clean, newly remodeled motel & RV Park near Glacier National Park with indoor heated pool. We offer WIFI, Satelite TV, Air Condtioning, and a continental breakfast...
Bear Creek Lodge
Bitterroot Valley, Montana Hotels & Resorts
8 tastefully guest rooms, all with private bath, in a lovely log lodge in the mountains on 150 acres and a mile of Bear Creek. Come to fish, hike, ride horses or bikes or simply sit on the deck, reading and anticipating another wonderful dinner...
$195 - 275
winter beauty from san-suz-ed B&B
Glacier National Park, Montana Bed & Breakfasts
See winter beauty in Glacier National Park and stay at our B&B at the San Suz Ed West Glacier Mont. Winter time cross country skii or snow shoe the park and bring your friends have small small business meetings or just get together....
$100 Per Night/Room
Glacier National Park Cabins
Whitefish, Montana Hotels & Resorts
Private cabins and lodge room accommodation located right outside Glacier National Park. For great rates, classic ambiance and modern amenities think the Historic Tamarack Lodge and Cabins. Open year round!...
Starting at $63 Per Night
The Resort at Paws Up
Seeley-Swan Valley, Montana Hotels & Resorts
At the crossroads of incomparable luxury and unspoiled wilderness lies The Resort at Paws Up. This luxurious Montana enclave is situated in some of the most breathtaking country in the world. Here, you'll live day to day, adventure to adventure. The ...
$395 Per Night/Room
Big Sky, Montana Luxury Vacation Home Rental
Big Sky, Montana Bed & Breakfasts
This architectural home is located in the mountain village of the Big Sky Ski and Summer Resort on a secluded,dead-end residential street adjacent to the ski slopes. It is a ski-in ski-out location! Visit Yellowstone Park just 18 miles away....
$450 Per Night
Get away and relax at The Wald Ranch
Bighorn Country, Montana Hiking & Trekking
Experience the beauty of "Big Sky" country. Sleep in luxery king sized beds . Your stay includes breakfast as well as the evening meal with excellent ranch style meals. Relax and /or hike to enjoy nature at its best in this peaceful scenic place!...
$120 Per Night
Mountain Sky Guest Ranch
Bozeman, Montana Dude Ranch
An unforgettable family adventure awaits where you will spend precious days discovering the adventures of horseback riding, fly-fishing, hiking, golf, massage and gourmet cuisine, all within the pristine surroundings of Montana's Rocky Mountains....
Rates from $335 Per Night
Mount Everest Base Camp Trekking
Absarokee, Montana Hiking & Trekking
Everest base camp trekking...
Starting at $1,295 Per Trip
Small Authentic Old West Guest Ranch Experience
Big Sky, Montana Wildlife & Safari Tours
Livin' The Dream at Covered Wagon Ranch, just outside of Yellowstone National Park. We are a small, authentic historic guest ranch, with 10 cozy cabins located in the heart of the Gallatin National Forest. Come as guests, leave as family....
$1,350 Per Week
Elm Outfitters & Guides Training Program
Bighorn Country, Montana Survival Training
Established in 1959, we are now celebrating over 53 years of professional outfitter and guide training in the Rocky Mountains of Montana. ELM' is the leader for the education and training of big game guides, packers and camp cooks. Job Placement...
Yellowstone Expeditions Snowshoe Tours
West Yellowstone, Montana Snowshoeing
Yellowstone Expeditions offers multi day winter xc ski, snowshoe and photography tours in Yellowstone Park based from our remote yurt camp at the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. Full guide service, snowcoach tours and skier shuttles....
Rates from $950 Per Week
Rich Ranch Winter Snowmobiling Adventures
Seeley-Swan Valley, Montana Snowmobiling
Enjoy a premiere snowmobile vacation in the Rocky Mountains of Western Montana. 1st Class lodging, hearty meals, knowledgable guides, uncrowded trails, and breathtaking scenery add up to make this a winter vacation to remember! Call for reservations...
Bar W Guest Ranch
Whitefish, Montana Dude Ranch
A great Western vacation for all ages is what the Bar W Guest Ranch on Spencer Lake in Whitefish is all about. The Bar W is open year round and ready to treat you with true Western Montana hospitality....
Starting at $1,050 Per Person
Hawley Mountain Guest Ranch Vacation
Livingston, Montana Dude Ranch
Enjoy a Montana wilderness vacation north of Yellowstone Park with many outdoor activities: Horseback riding; Fly fish the Boulder River; Jeep trip to alpine lakes and historic gold mining towns; Hiking to unique places; Scenic float trip; and more....
Starting at $1,438 Per Week
Discover the Rich Ranch Outfitting and Guest Ranch
Seeley-Swan Valley, Montana Dude Ranch
Experience the adventure of an authentic guest ranch vacation in the heart of the Montana Rockies. Enjoy horseback riding, blue ribbon fishing, ranch life, breathtaking scenery and genuine western hospitality! ...
Affordable Rates from $200 Per Night/Pers
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text: Fashion Designer Diane von Furstenberg was born in Belgium and studied Economics at the University of Geneva, where she met and married Austro-Italian Prince Egon von Furstenberg. The couple moved to New York late in 1969, and Diane unveiled her first collection in April of 1970. The princess-turned designer / entrepreneur divorced from her husband after only 3 years and shifted her focus towards independence and her own career. …Read More


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Table of Contents
Collection Overview
Collection Inventory+/-
Biographical Note/Historical Note
Content Description
Collection Use
Administrative Information
Collection Overview +/-
Collection Inventory +/-
Biographical Note/Historical Note +/-
Utah Construction Company was incorporated in Ogden on January 8, 1900, with Thomas D. Dee as president. Other major stockholders included E.O. Wattis, Warren L. Wattis, William H. Wattis, Marie D. Wattis, and David Eccles. The principal business of the company in its early years was railroad construction. Most of the work involved improving lines which radiated from the Ogden area. In 1905, Utah Construction secured the contract for the 942-mile Western Pacific Railroad from California to Utah. The company's first contract outside the United States was for a 110-mile railway constructed in Mexico in 1923. From 1916 to 1969, Utah Construction Company built 58 dams. Most were in the Western United States providing hydroelectric power and irrigation for farming in that region. In 1931, Utah joined Six Companies Inc. to raise the surety required to bid for the Boulder (Hoover) Dam contract. One of the world's largest dams, Hoover Dam was completed in 1936 at a cost of $49 million. When the demand for railway construction tapered off, Utah Construction Company turned its interests to mining. In 1944, it acquired its first mine, Iron Ore Springs, in Utah. The growth of the company's mining business was rapid and in 1959 the company changed its name to Utah Construction and Mining Company. Among the major mining operations were Lucky Mc Mine, the second largest uranium mine in the US; Navajo Coal Mine in New Mexico; Island Copper Mine in British Columbia; and, Samarco Iron Ore Mine in Brazil. In 1969, Utah sold its construction business to Fluor Corporation and mining became its sole business. In 1971, in acknowledgment of the company's expanded mining interests, there was another name change to Utah International, Inc. Over the next few years activity centered on developing existing mines to peak production. In 1976, Utah International, led by Edmund W. Littlefield, brokered a merger with General Electric. Terms of the merger included that stockholders of Utah would get 1.3 shares of G.E. for each Utah share totaling $1.9 billion. Also, Utah would continue to operate as relatively independent with its own Board of Directors. Since 1981, Utah International has opened mines in Chile, Mali, West Africa, Indonesia, and Australia. In 1984, Utah International was sold to Broken Hill Proprietary Company Ltd. where Utah operated as an independent entity until 1987.
Content Description +/-
Manuscript Collection 100 (MS 100) comprises 275 boxes of records chronicling the activities of Utah Construction Company/ Utah International. From these files comes a history of worldwide construction and mining activities undertaken by the company for nearly a century. Records of the Administrative Departments: Meeting announcements, minutes, agendas, and financial files pertaining to the Board of Directors and Executive Committee. The collection also includes organizational charts, financial data, annual reports, daybooks, journals, ledgers, legal documents and company histories. Records of the personnel department are included and contain memos, printed files, directories, house magazines, and brochures. Records of the Construction Division: Project files of the construction division including domestic heavy construction such as railroads, dams, bridges, and military facilities; industrial and residential construction, and overseas construction. Included are the reports and photographs from Utah subsidiaries such as Compania Utah South America, Utah Peru Inc., Utah Australia Ltd., Utah Development Company, and Utah Africa Construction Ltd. Dredging Operations along with scrapbooks of various projects are also present. The records of the Business Development Office and the Construction Controller are also contained in this section. Records of the Mining Division: Project files of mining operations and support activities. Included in the records are files on Cedar City Mines, Navajo Mine and Lucky Mc Uranium Mine. Records of the exploration department, technical services, and controller's office are also housed in this section. Records of subsidiaries and affiliated companies such as Utah Company of the Americas and Argonaut Mining Co., Marcona Mining Co., Utah Mines Ltd., Utah Development Company and Utah Mining Australia Ltd. round out the collection. Records of Land Development Division: Project files of the commercial and urban land development undertaken by the company from 1950-1970. Elderly housing, apartment projects, industrial and rural land, and The San Francisco Bay Area are all documented by this division. Records of Historical Collections: Included in this section are various items that were classified as company memorabilia or items of historical interest. Company profiles, biographical files for company personnel, newspaper clipping files, archives materials, reel-to-reel films and videotapes of Utah Construction, microfilm, and audiotapes are all documented in this section.
Collection Use +/-
Restrictions on Access:
Open to public research
Administrative Information +/-
Utah Construction Company
Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA) grant, 2007-2008
Language of the Finding Aid:
English Finding guide is in English in Latin script.
Author of the Finding Aid:
Sarah Langsdon
EAD Creation Date:
Finding aid based on DACS (Describing Archives: A Content Standard).
Subjects +/-
Corporate Names:
Utah Construction Company
Subject Terms:
Personal Names:
Dee, Thomas D.
Geographical Names:
Ogden (Utah)


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Each of these stools has a black padded vinyl seat with a silver Fender on top. The seats themselves swivel...
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Joan of Coggeshall
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Joan of Coggeshall
Exchequer for the Barony of Dragonship Haven
Protegee of Joseph of the Red Griffin
Born: July 7, 1356 Father: Joseph of Coggeshall (d) Mother: Anne Marling(d) Siblings: Alexandra (younger sister) Spouse: Walter Horman (d) Children: Constance
Born in Essex, England in the village of Coggeshall. Her father was a textile merchant who was very well liked and respected in the village. Her mother taught her the fine art of needle work. When she was not helping her mother in the home she would always be found working hard on her needlework.
When she was of marriageble age Joan married the son of a local merchant. She was very unhappy in her marriage, as her husband was very strict with her and his money. Gone where the days when presents would be brought for her, she instead would earn money working as a seamstress. Shortly after giving birth to a daughter, her husband was killed one night on the road to London.
Her uncle was one of M. le Baron de Sainte Claire landowners and during a stay in England, her uncle asked her to come to France and tend to his household. His wife had passed a few months earlier leaving him with no children. Not wanting to remarry, she packed up her infant daughter and moved to France.
She had been living in France for many years when her uncle died after a long illness. With her daughter married and living in England she stills lives in France managing the small estate.
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Bamboo Paneling
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Backyard X-Scapes has the bamboo paneling you need at reasonable prices for your home or business projects. Shop with us today.
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West Brom 0 Crystal Palace 2 - match report and pictures
West Brom surrendered their place in the FA Cup with a whimper as Dwight Gayle's first-half goal and Marouane Chamakh's late strike took Crystal Palace into round four.
A much-changed Albion side put in a dismal display against their fellow Premier League strugglers with Gayle's scruffy goal settling the tie before Chamakh scored with the final touch of the game.
Albion had chances after the interval but there were precious few signs of urgency from the hosts.
Albion had the first chance after a low-key opening period when Zoltan Gera's cross found Saido Berahino on the edge of the area but he sent a difficult volley well over the bar.
But it was Palace who went closer moments later after Yannick Bolasie powered away from makeshift full-back Craig Dawson on the Baggies right.
His cross found Barry Bannan, who exchanged passes with Dwight Gayle before striking a shot against the post.
Albion had another opening on 15 minutes when a clever ball from Zoltan Gera fed Matej Vydra, who fired straight at keeper Julian Speroni.
But the visitors went ahead on 23 minutes courtesy of some poor Baggies defending.
Goran Popov's poor pass was picked up by Hiram Boateng and, when he was allowed time to pick out a pass, he found Gayle.
The striker's shot from the edge of the box wrong-footed Ben Foster and crept into the bottom corner.
Almost immediate Albion won a corner and when Gera's second cross found Dawson, the defender sent a header just over the bar.
But the game then went into a rut before half-time with the Baggies unable to find any cohesion.
Just before half-time Vydra did well to control a high ball on the Albion left but his snap-shot was held comfortably by Speroni.
Berahino tried his luck from distance on two occasions early in the second half with the first effort saved comfortably by Speroni before the second was parried by the goalkeeper agonisingly behind the onrushing Shane Long.
And the Baggies had another opportunity when Long's header fell for Vydra on the edge of the Palace area but his shot was saved superbly by Speroni, diving low to his left.
Downing made three changes in a bid to turn the game around but the Baggies could only manage long-range efforts which did not test Speroni.
In stoppage time, Gera let fly with a volley from inside the box but his effort was deflected agonisingly wide.
But Chamakh added the second with the final kick of the game, blasting into an empty net after Gayle cut in from the left.


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Plastic waterbottles were produced for certain shows in the eighties and had the advantages of being both a memento of the concert and a practical way to keep hydrated in the highly-charged concert environment. Imprinted with information about the event, these bottles were never sold and were intended only for the bands and crew. The examples in the Vault have never been used and are in very limited supply.